The Grade Goats of Etawah and local goats which commonly called,"Etawah Grade Goats" is well adapted to the enviromental of Indonesia. These animals are also well maintained and kept by farmers as the main producers of meat and milk. The aim of this research was to study the reproductive characteristics and population dynamics of Etawah grade goats in Sumedang of West Java. This research was conducted from July to August of 2011 in Cimalaka and Paseh subdistricts of Sumedang. Thirty six (36) farmers were purposively chosen as respondents for this study. Primary data were obtained from the farmers by interview using questionnaires. Secondary data were collected from Sumedang livestock office and statisticaly reported from farmers group. Data were analyzed descriptively to obtain reproductive characteristics of Etawah gradegoats. Based on the reproductive characteristics obtained, an estimation was made on the population dynamics of dairy goats in Cimalaka and Paseh subdistricts. The average age of ewes at first estrus was 10.06±1.65 m and 12.89±3.86 m in Cimalaka and Paseh respectively. The first conception of ewes occurred at 10.56±1.55 m and 13.26±3.93 m, and kidding interval was 7.75±0.58 m and 7.17±1.11 m whereas, the mortality rate of young goats was 8% and 24% in Cimalaka and Paseh respectively which was varied between region. The results of estimation made from population dynamics of dairy goats in the Cimalaka subdistricts indicated that the increase rate of goats after six years was 11.43%,The increasing of goat numbers obtained six years, to be 308 heads. Therefore, the number of ewes should be kept in the flock was 79 heads in orderto maintain population.The results of estimation made from population dynamics of dairy goats in the Paseh subdistricts indicated that the decrease on rate of goats after six years was 23.37%, that resulted in the decreasing of goat numbers obtain six years to be 41 heads. Therefore the number of ewes should be kept in the flock was 8 heads in order to maintain population.


The tsunami that hit Aceh on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia, on 26 December 2004 was a natural disaster of historic proportions. This book examines some issues faced by the people in the province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam after the tsunami. The focus is not only on the areas affected by the natural disaster, but also the areas torn by internal conflict. The tsunami was a catalyst for a new beginning for both prosperity and peace. The authors of this book are researchers at ISEAS, except Kuntoro Mangkusubroto, who is the Director of the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Agency in Banda Aceh. The volume will appeal to readers wanting a quick sweep of some important sustainable development issues in Aceh, a society hit by both tsunami and internal conflict.


Introduction Injury rates in sub-Saharan Africa are among the highest in the world, but prospective, registrybased reports from Cameroon are limited. We aimed to create a prospective trauma registry to expand the data elements collected on injury at a busy tertiary center in Yaoundé Cameroon. Methods Details of the injury context, presentation, care, cost, and disposition from the emergency department (ED) were gathered over a 6-month period, by trained research assistants using a structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate models were built to explore variable relationships and outcomes. Results There were 2,855 injured patients in 6 months, comprising almost half of all ED visits. Mean age was 30 years; 73 % were male. Injury mechanism was road traffic injury in 59 %, fall in 7 %, penetrating trauma in 6 %, and animal bites in 4 %. Of these, 1,974 (69 %) were discharged home, 517 (18 %) taken to the operating room, and 14 (1 %) to the intensive care unit. The body areas most severely injured were pelvis and extremity in 43 %, head in 30 %, chest in 4 %, and abdomen in 3 %. The estimated injury severity score (eISS) was\9 in 60 %, 9–24 in 35 %, and[25 in 2 %. Mortality was 0.7 %. In the multivariate analysis, independent predictors of mortality were eISS C9 and Glasgow Coma Score B12. Road traffic injury was an independent predictor for the need to have surgery. Trauma registry results were presented to the Ministry of Health in Cameroon, prompting the formation of a National Injury Committee. Conclusions Injuries comprise a significant proportion of ED visits and utilization of surgical services in Yaoundé. A prospective approach allows for more extensive information. Thorough data from a prospective trauma registry can be used successfully to advocate for policy towards prevention and treatment of injuries.


We designed an augmented reality interface for dialog that enables the control of multimodal behaviors in telepresence robot applications. This interface, when paired with a telepresence robot, enables a single operator to accurately control and coordinate the robot's verbal and nonverbal behaviors. Depending on the complexity of the desired interaction, however, some applications might benefit from having multiple operators control different interaction modalities. As such, our interface can be used by either a single operator or pair of operators. In the paired-operator system, one operator controls verbal behaviors while the other controls nonverbal behaviors. A within-subjects user study was conducted to assess the usefulness and validity of our interface in both single and paired-operator setups. When faced with hard tasks, coordination between verbal and nonverbal behavior improves in the single-operator condition. Despite single operators being slower to produce verbal responses, verbal error rates were unaffected by our conditions. Finally, significantly improved presence measures such as mental immersion, sensory engagement, ability to view and understand the dialog partner, and degree of emotion occur for single operators that control both the verbal and nonverbal behaviors of the robot.


We investigate the application of sufficient dimension reduction (SDR) to a noiseless data set derived from a deterministic function of several variables. In this context, SDR provides a framework for ridge recovery. In this second part, we explore the numerical subtleties associated with using two inverse regression methods---sliced inverse regression (SIR) and sliced average variance estimation (SAVE)---for ridge recovery. This includes a detailed numerical analysis of the eigenvalues of the resulting matrices and the subspaces spanned by their columns. After this analysis, we demonstrate the methods on several numerical test problems.


According to The World Health Organization (WHO) reports air pollution from particulate matter (PM), which ranks 13th highest worldwide in terms of mortality, causes about 800,000 premature deaths a year. However several finding demonstrated that the correlation is stronger than initially believed and much more complex. PM is an air emission component composed of very minute, acid, organic compounds, metals, and particulate soil or dust-containing fragments or fluid droplets. PM is classified by size and remains the most reliable part of the air pollution linked to human disease. The processes of systemic inflammation, overt and indirect coagulation activation and direct translocation to systemic circulation are expected to lead PM to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Data on the cardiovascular system that show a PM effect are strong. The coronary incident and death rates of communities exposed to long-term exposure to PM was considerably higher. The rate of coronary incidents within days of the emission high is raised subtly by short-term acute exposures. The results are not as good for PM's cortical disease effects, although some data and related pathways indicate a smaller outcome. Exposure of PM is also an aggravation of respiratory diseases. During more research in order to understand the implications for disadvantaged populations in structure, chemistry, and PM, the prevalent evidence suggests that PM exposure results in a minor but substantial rise in human morbidity and mortality. The use of air conditioning and filters for particulate matter decreased internal heating and cooking combustion and smoking stoppage will minimize the indoor PM exposure. These basic improvements could be useful to individual patients in both short-term and long-term cardiovascular and respiratory symptoms. However there is very limited data available on the status of air pollution in non metropolitan cities and even less in small towns across the country. Raiganj is a small town across the country. Raiganj is a small town and the district head quarter of Uttar Dinajpur district in West Bengal. It is located at N25.6266428, E87.8012599 coordinates. To the best of our knowledge, no air quality monitoring is being done in this town. Neither any study has been conducted on the residents of this town to find out the effect of air pollution on their health. In this study we examine the overall effects of a series of new air quality regulations that have differentially affected air quality in Raiganj, relative to its outlying areas.


About 22% of water use in the world is for producing export products. The overdraft of many aquifers is partially related to incentives to produce for the world market and the fact that water scarcity is not properly priced and therefore not reflected in the price of traded commodities. This chapter aims to discuss the relation between the global economy and unsustainable water use, with a focus on groundwater and global food demand. Unsustainable groundwater use isn't a local problem only, because increasingly global markets and companies and consumers worldwide depend on the products derived from unsustainable water supplies. There is a need to collaborate internationally in introducing forces or incentives to drive towards more sustainable groundwater use. Possible arrangements discussed are an international water pricing protocol, but also the institutionalization of groundwater footprint caps that reflect maximum sustainable abstraction levels and an international product label reflecting sustainability of water use.


Cancer is more prevalent in the military veteran population than in the general population and is often associated with radiation and chemical exposures encountered while in service. Veterans with cancer may have complex comorbidities, including mental health conditions and social challenges, that can interfere with successful cancer treatment. As more veterans receive their cancer care in the community outside the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), oncology nurses must be aware of these issues and provide appropriate interventions to increase the likelihood that positive cancer treatment outcomes are realized for these patients.


Electric Networks: H. H. SKILLING (John Wiley & Sons, 1974. 483 pp., £8.90) This book offers a compact yet thorough treatment of linear networks and the associated mathematical techniques. The text starts with a brief discussion of network formulation, objectives and modelling, and definitions of the four basic network elements. These are used to develop the steady state a.c. response and power relationships in trigonometric and exponential form. Chapter III sets out the complex algebra operations, shows their relevance to phasor representation and establishes the physical interpretation of the various terms on oscillations and damping. Impedance and admittance concepts are introduced in Chapter IV and developed to derive resonance conditions and complex power relationships. Chapter V introduces transfer functions and establishes the complex variable S relationships, complex poles and natural response. This leads nicely into Chapter VI, the Time Domain, dealing with the complete transient response. The systematic solution of networks is treated in the next three chapters on State Variable equations, Loop and Node Equations, and Matrix Solutions. Network Theorems and their applications are given in Chapter X. Magnetic coupling, mutual inductance and the ideal transformer are taken next and a further chapter discusses two-part network characteristics. The next four chapters give a very adequate coverage of the Fourier Series and Integral, Laplace Transformation, Laplace Applications and Theorems, and Translation Convolution and the Impulse Function. The final chapter, No. 17, on Three-phase Circuits gives both basic relationships and the common transformer connections for power circuits. A large number of well chosen worked examples are given in the text with details highlighting the main points of the analysis. Also, a total of over 300 set problems are given, mostly with key answers. The book is written in an extremely attractive, personal tutorial style, and develops the material in a natural flow which the student will find very effective. It can be strongly recommended as a tool for a first degree course on Network Analysis, and as a standby for private study with students who find classical network theory texts difficult. SAKI EFTHYMIADIS


ABSTRACT Background: There is a shortage of people in the STEM sector, and it has been argued that more needs to be done, especially to attract girls. Furthermore, there is a need to develop twenty-first-century skills. No studies seem to have explored the combination of activities in makerspaces and the use of drama to stimulate interest in STEM and development of 21st century skills. Purpose: This study focused on a project with a unique combination of makerspace activities and the use of drama. The research questions investigated the outcomes that could be identified from combining drama and activities in a makerspace, with regard to the development of interest in STEM and twenty-first-century skills.Sample: Ten girls aged 7–11 years participated. A project leader, a drama teacher and three female engineering students supported the activities. Design and methods: The project lasted 3 months. Data were collected in the form of interviews and observations with video-recordings and field-notes, as well as documentation of props made by the girls. Analyses were conducted using thematic coding and discussed through the lens of Activity Theory. Results: The results showed that some of the girls developed an interest in science and technology. The girls also developed twenty-first-century skills, in terms of creativity, problem-solving and cooperation. Conclusions: Positive outcomes were found in this project, blending drama and making in a makerspace learning environment. Future studies could investigate how other skills and knowledge in different STEM subjects can be developed in similar projects.


The Theory of Special Relativity deals with the behavior of inertial frames of reference moving at very different speeds. It does not cover the behavior of non-inertial frames of reference which are instead covered by General Relativity. It is an axiomatic theory, derived from two main axioms: (1) The laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames (the principle of relativity) and (2) The speed of light is determined by the laws of physics. From these it can be concluded that in all inertial frames the speed of light must be measured to be the same constant value. In order to accommodate these several assumptions which seem commonsense must be thrown away. All the derivations can be performed purely through thought experiments combined with calculation


The aim of this presentation is to stress the methods by which the linguistic policy was imposed by Spain in Jujuy, Province of Tucuman in the Viceroyalty of Peru, in the same way that this policy was introduced to its American colonies by means of laws, decrees, regulations and orders of the Indian Legal Corpus. In the process of colonization, the Mother Country settled its language, religion and culture. Together with the conquerors, came members of religious orders who were in charge of the evangelization of the aborigines as well as the teaching of Spanish language to them. Unfortunately, this aspect of the colonial history of the north of Argentina had not been studied by historians of language and education or by civil or ecclesiastical historians up to the XVlll century. We lack of reliable documentation about the implementation of language policies in times of the first colonizations. In historical documents at the end of said century, there is information on orders of the central power that forced aborigines and Spaniards to speak only the "castilla" and that prohibited them to speak American languages. The study of these texts is in line with Louis Jean Calvet's (1997:44) view, who emphasize two concepts derived from linguistic situations: the social practice of the speakers and the government influence on those practices. These two aspects were stated comparing the colonial historians' descriptions about the linguistic behaviour adopted by the population in the presence of royal orders and the coercive discourse found in our documents, in which it is reflected that the Spanish Crown uses language as an instrument of dominion.


textabstractABSTRACT The rational pursuit of happiness requires knowledge of happiness and in particular answers to the following four questions: 1: Is greater happiness realistically possible? 2: If so, to what extent is that in our own hands? 3: How can we get happier? What things should be considered in the choices we make? 4: How does the pursuit of happiness fit with other things we value? Answers to these questions are not only sought by individuals who want to improve their personal life, they are also on the mind of managers concerned about the happiness of members of their organization and of governments aiming to promote greater happiness of a greater number of citizens. All these actors might make more informed choices if they could draw on a sound base of evidence. In this paper I take stock of the available evidence and the answers it holds for the four types of questions asked by the three kinds of actors. To do this, I use a large collection of research findings on happiness gathered in the World Database of Happiness. The data provide good answers to the questions 1 and 2, but fall short on the questions 3 and 4. Priorities for further research are indicated.


Abstract The efficacy, absorption, translocation, and metabolism of thiencarbazone-methyl (TCM) in hedge bindweed, field bindweed, ivyleaf morningglory, tall morningglory, and wild buckwheat were evaluated in greenhouse experiments and field trials. Forty-eight hours after foliar microapplication, 14C-TCM absorption was highest in ivyleaf morningglory (60%), followed by field bindweed (50%), wild buckwheat (35%), tall morningglory (17%), and hedge bindweed (9%). In all species, 14C-TCM was translocated systemically. By 24 h after application, 14C-TCM was detected in all parts of the plants. The translocation pattern is species-specific, with more translocation in tall morningglory and wild buckwheat. In all vining weeds 14C-TCM was almost not metabolized whereas corn metabolized almost all 14C-TCM 48 h after application. The efficacy of TCM was analyzed using dose–response curves. Wild buckwheat had the lowest value for the dose at which 50% of the activity occurs (2.1 g ai ha−1 TCM), followed by hedge bindweed and ivyleaf morningglory. Field studies confirmed the high control of wild buckwheat with TCM. Even at the lowest tested concentration of TCM, wild buckwheat was controlled by over 90%. In contrast, efficacy of TCM in field trials against perennial vining weeds was very low, 25% for field bindweed and 65% against hedge bindweed. Control efficacy could be well explained by the translocation pattern of TCM in vining weeds. Nomenclature: Thiencarbazone-methyl; field bindweed, Convolvulus arvensis L. CONAR; hedge bindweed, Calystegia sepium (L.) R.Br. CAGSE; ivyleaf morningglory, Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. IPOHE; tall morningglory, Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth PHBPU; wild buckwheat, Polygonum convolvulus L. POLCO; corn, Zea mays L. ZEAMA.


We report experimental evidence for a full orbital ordering transition in the two-dimensional lanthanum ruthenate La4Ru2O10. The observable consequences of this orbital ordering include the loss of the Ru local moment, a structural distortion which partitions Ru-O bonds into axially oriented short and long sets, a sharp jump in electrical resistivity, and the opening of a spin gap that is visible in neutron scattering experiments. This is a rare example of a discrete orbital ordering transition in a 4d transition metal oxide and demonstrates that orbital effects can have an influence on the properties of layered ruthenates, a family of compounds that notably includes the p-wave superconductor Sr2RuO4 and the field-tuned quantum critical metamagnet Sr3Ru2O7.


Haemophilus somnus has long been associated with thrombotic meningoencephalomyelitis but has also been identified as the agent responsible for other clinical diseases including respiratory disease, reproductive problems, myocarditis, otitis, conjunctivitis, mastitis, and polyarthritis. Exposure to the bacteria is widespread and infection may occur via the respiratory tract from urogenital excretions and secretions. Diagnosis and treatment of hemophilosis may be easy or difficult depending on the manifestation presented, and special procedures must be taken to facilitate isolation of the organism. Satisfactory control measures are not available; vaccination is the only preventive measure demonstrating a beneficial effect.


The aim of this study was to develop sustainable concrete using waste products to reduce both the carbon dioxide emissions associated with concrete production and the extraction of non-renewable natural resources. The development of the new sustainable concrete involved the replacement of cement with industrial by-products (fly ash, glass powder and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS)) and the replacement of natural river sand (NS) with waste-based sand (lead-smelter slag (LSS)). Twenty-four batches of mortar mixes were produced and tests were performed to determine the flowability, compressive strength and direct tensile strength of each batch. Microstructural analysis was undertaken to explain the experimentally obtained properties of the mortars. The compressive and tensile strengths of waste-based mortars containing LSS were found to be similar to those of mortars containing NS. Mortars with 80% replacement of cement with GGBS and 100% replacement of NS with LSS showed minimal strength reduction (4%) compared with the conventional mortar. The strength reductions of the waste-based mortars compared with the conventional mortar increased at 90% and 100% cement replacement levels, but remained limited to approximately 20% (at 90% GGBS) and 30% (at 100% GGBS). The findings of this study are promising and point to the potential development of new structural-grade mortars using full or near-full replacement of cement with industrial by-products and full replacement of NS with waste-based sand.


Recent neural network strategies for source separation attempt to model audio signals by processing their waveforms directly. Mean squared error (MSE) that measures the Euclidean distance between waveforms of denoised speech and the ground-truth speech, has been a natural cost-function for these approaches. However, MSE is not a perceptually motivated measure and may result in large perceptual discrepancies. In this paper, we propose and experiment with new loss functions for end-to-end source separation. These loss functions are motivated by BSS_Eval and perceptual metrics like source to distortion ratio (SDR), source to interference ratio (SIR), source to artifact ratio (SAR) and short-time objective intelligibility ratio (STOI). This enables the flexibility to mix and match these loss functions depending upon the requirements of the task. Subjective listening tests reveal that combinations of the proposed cost functions help achieve superior separation performance as compared to stand-alone MSE and SDR costs.


Many studies of regional disparity in China have focused on the preferential policies received by the coastal provinces. We decomposed the location dummies in provincial growth regressions to obtain estimates of the effects of geography and policy on provincial growth rates in 199699. Their respective contributions in percentage points were 2.5 and 3.5 for the province-level metropolises, 0.6 and 2.3 for the northeastern provinces, 2.8 and 2.8 for the coastal provinces, 2.0 and 1.6 for the central provinces, 0 and 1.6 for the northwestern provinces, and 0.1 and 1.8 for the southwestern provinces. Because the so-called preferential policies are largely deregulation policies that have allowed coastal Chinese provinces to integrate into the international economy, it is far superior to reduce regional disparity by extending these deregulation policies to the interior provinces than by re-regulating the coastal provinces. Two additional inhibitions to income convergence are the household registration system, which makes the movement of the rural poor to prosperous areas illegal, and the monopoly state bank system that, because of its bureaucratic nature, disburses most of its funds to its large traditional customers, few of whom are located in the western provinces. Improving infrastructure to overcome geographic barriers is fundamental to increasing western growth, but increasing human capital formation (education and medical care) is also crucial because only it can come up with new better ideas to solve centuries-old problems like unbalanced growth.


Today's highly interconnected and technology reliant environment places greater emphasis on the need for dependably secure systems. This work addresses this problem by detailing a systems security analysis approach for understanding and eliciting security requirements for complex cyber-physical systems. First, a readily understandable description of key architectural analysis definitions and desirable characteristics is provided along with a survey of commonly used security architecture analysis approaches. Next, a tailored version of the System-Theoretic Process Analysis approach for Security (STPA-Sec) is detailed in three phases which supports the development of functional-level security requirements, architectural-level engineering considerations, and design-level security criteria. In particular, these three phases are aligned with the systems and software engineering processes defined in the security processes of NIST SP 800–160. Lastly, this work is important for advancing the science of systems security by providing a viable systems security analysis approach for eliciting, defining, and analyzing traceable security, safety, and resiliency requirements which support evaluation criteria that can be designed-for, built-to, and verified with confidence.


E-Learning is a moderately new phenomenon where currently the educators and students are grappling with the idea of its implementation and adaptation. E-learning has contributed to the learning process can be done not only in the classroom but any places and every time, especially within the COVID-19 issue. Google Classroom is one of the tools implemented among e-learning scan be applied. The purpose of this research is to identify the students' perception of the implementation Google Classroom as a learning tool for students of Master of English Education at STKIP PGRI Sidoarjo. Descriptive quantitative method was applied in conducting the research. Questionnaire which was distributed to the 19 students was the instrument of this research. The results showed google classroom as a tool of e-learning is a useful application can be applied during e-learning within the issue of Covid-19 to the second semester students of Master of English Education (MPBI Batch 5) at STKIP PGRI Sidoarjo in regard it is a solution of e-learning in case it is useful, effective and also helps students in assisting in the e-learning.


The mitochondria are a multifaceted organelle, central to the function of all eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria are critical to cell metabolism and critical for regulation of intrinsic cell death pathways. This balance between life and death is reliant on the process of mitochondrial fission and fusion, constantly joining and separating to maintain the mitochondrial network within the cell and to facilitate cellular events such as mitosis, biogenesis and maintenance of mitochondrial integrity via mitophagy. The dynamic fluctuations in the architecture of these organelles is garnering increased attention across a broad range of disciplines and diseases. Such diseases include genetic disorders such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A and autosomal-dominant optic atrophy, as well as pathologies associated with mitochondrial dysfunction such as chronic neurodegeneration such as Parkinson disease, type 2 diabetes and various forms of chronic and acute kidney injury.

Key Concepts

Mitochondria undergo constant fission and fusion to maintain function and biogenesis.
Impairment of mitochondrial dynamics can result in reduced oxidative phosphorylation and cell death.
Impairment of mitochondrial dynamics is associated with diseases involving cells abundant in mitochondria.
Mitochondrial fusion is associated with energy production.
Mitochondrial fragmentation is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and turnover by mitophagy.

Keywords:

mitochondria;
fission;
fusion;
kidney disease;
neurodegeneration;
cardiovascular disease;
cancer


1. Seasonal changes in the ovaries of Xenopus laevic (the South African clawed toad) are described. 2. Degenerative changes in the large mature central ova occur more rapidly as a result of hypophysectomy than as a result of captivity. 3. The suggestion is made that the pituitary may be concerned with the maturation of ova in Xenopus laevis . 4. Hypophysectomy results in severe arteriosclerotic changes in the ovarianb blood supply as early as 4½12 months after the operation. Control animals show no such changes. 5. The histological changes observed in the ovaries after hypophysectomy, whether total or partial, are probably due to the removal of the anterior lobe alone.


Tigernut starch has been isolated and modified by forced retrogradation of the acidic gel by freezing and thawing processes. Relevant physicochemical and functional properties of the new excipient (tigernut starch modified by acid gelation and accelerated (forced) retrogradation (STAM)) were evaluated as a direct compression excipient in relation to the native tigernut starch (STNA), intermediate product (tigernut starch modified by acid gelation (STA)), and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The particle morphology, swelling capacity, moisture sorption, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) thermographs and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns, flow, dilution capacity, and tablet disintegration efficiency were evaluated. The particles of STNA were either round or oval in shape, STA were smooth with thick round edges and hollowed center while STAM were long, smooth, and irregularly shaped typically resembling MCC. The DSC thermographs of STNA and MCC showed two endothermic transitions as compared with STA and STAM which showed an endothermic and an exothermic. The moisture uptake, swelling, flow, and dilution capacity of STAM were higher than those of MCC, STA, and STNA. The XRD pattern and moisture sorption profile of STAM showed similarities and differences with STNA, STA, and MCC that relate the modification. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) tablets containing STAM disintegrated at 3 ± 0.5 min as compared with the tablets containing STNA, STA, and MCC which disintegrated at 8.5 ± 0.5, 10 ± 0.5, and 58 ± 0.8 min, respectively. The study shows the physicochemical properties of tigernut starch modified by forced retrogradation as well as its potential as an efficient direct compression excipient with enhanced flow and disintegration abilities for tablets production.


The purpose of this study was to compare the distribution of inert part~cles on polyvinylchloride (PVC) panels with earlier results from field studies. The panels were prepared in order to test heterogeneity (crevices similar in shape, but differing in size) and complexity (combination of crevices of different sizes) effects. The experiments were carried out using PVC particles and preserved Placopecten magellanjcus larvae in a flume under controlled flow conditions (mean velocities of 3, 5 and 10 cm S-') and using silicon-coated panels. The heterogeneous panels had different comblnations of flat surfaces and 1, 10 and 100 mm crevices. The density of particles per unit surface area adhering to the panels was higher at 3 and 5 cm S-' than at 10 cm S ' for all experiments. The density of adhering particles decreased with increasing panel complexity. Within panels with only 1 mm crevices, the density of particles was significantly higher inside the crevices than on smooth surfaces. However the density of particles was significantly lower in 10 and 100 mm crevices than on adjacent flat surfaces within panels with only 10 and l00 mm crevices, respectively. Furthermore, the 1 and 10 mm crevices nested inside 100 mm crevices collected fewer particles than those outside 100 mm crevices within panels with many scales of crevices. The patterns of distribution for dead larvae on heterogeneous panels in the flume corresponded to those of the inert PVC particles. However, the distribution patterns of inert particles in the flume did not correspond to those of living bivalve spat observed in an earlier fleld study. This suggests that larval behaviour contributed to the selection of settlement location for these bivalve larvae, though flume hydrodynamical conditions may differ from those in the field The results also indicate that the hydrodynamic processes affecting settlement on heterogeneous substrates are scale-dependent and that processes occurring at scales of 10 and 100 mm influence processes occurring at smaller, 1 mm, scales.


Local products and their distribution through short supply chains play a key role in the sustainable development of many rural areas, as affirmed by the 2030 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Agenda. Moreover, in the last years, more and more consumers have shown a specific interest towards local production, pushed by the need for healthy eating, protecting the environment, and boosting the local economy. However, the cultivation of local fruit varieties or ecotypes has considerably decreased in the last decades because of their low production potential. As a result, many farmers have been forced to replace local orchards with few worldwide grown cultivars, causing a loss of genetic agrobiodiversity. For instance, in Italy, the loquat market is composed of imported cultivars and local grown autochthonous fruits (ecotype). Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the chemical–physical and sensory qualities, as well as the determinants of Italian consumer preference towards local ecotype of loquat fruit compared to imported varieties. Results show that local ecotypes result in excellent physico-chemical and sensory attributes, and that place of purchase and taste are the most important factors influencing consumers' preference towards local loquats. Therefore, the cultivation of loquat ecotypes, together with effective marketing strategies, could increase the competitiveness of certain Italian rural areas, where this crop has always played a significant role in the economy.


Making home care a healthy workplace is a societal concern but research on specific interventions is still scarce. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an initial overview of interventions addressing home care workers' health. All (quasi-) experimental studies, presenting any intervention among home care employees, and reporting any outcome related to occupational health, safety, or well-being were included. PsycArticles, Medline, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched from January 2000 to February 2022. From 16,345 publications, 18 studies with 2432 participants were included and assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. Organizational and training/educational approaches were found in five studies each, a behavioral approach in one, and seven studies presented a combined approach. Due to methodological limitations and the heterogeneity of interventions, the existing studies are insufficient to inform new programs, but emphasize the need for tailored approaches, integrated concepts, and participatory intervention development.


Complete synchronization of two identical chaotic Morris–Lecar (ML) neurons with time-delay coupling is investigated. It is found that the coupled ML neurons may achieve synchronization by an efficient time delay at a low coupling strength. At the same time, the chaotic motion of the coupled neurons may become a regular periodic one during synchronization by the time-delay coupling, that is, the delay time coupling is able to suppress chaos in the process of synchronization. However, the time delay has the effect on enhancement of synchronization and regularization of coupled neurons only in certain coupling strength ranges. Moreover, synchronization of coupled neurons is achieved by time delay after regularization.


Research highlights: Through a broad review of literature and practices, this paper has helped confirm Forest Engineering as a unique discipline by providing definition, highlighting achievements of the last decade and suggesting future directions. Background and Objectives: Forest Engineering is a study program offered by many universities worldwide. It is also the main subject of three international scientific journals, three important scientific conferences and a division of the International Union of Forestry Research Organizations. That points at a strong interest, a general common understanding and a strong local diversification. The paper aims to suggest generally valid definitions, while offering a description of the main achievements and a hypothesis about future directions. Results: The review identified examples that include higher-level mechanization, commencement of automation and system optimization, and specifically the emerging field of biomass and bioenergy integration as examples of major forest engineering achievements of the last decade. Higher levels of automation including autonomous machine operation, and integration of intelligent and linked technology are examples of future directions. Conclusions: As with other disciplines, most Forest Engineering teaching, research or applications are multi-disciplinary. However, the review has highlighted specific achievements and future directions that helps define Forest Engineering as a unique discipline and one that can make a major contribution to the broader field of forest management practices.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of traditional Chinese herbal Xinglouchengqi (XLCQ) decoction for the treatment of constipation in acute ischemic stroke patients, and figure out the role that bowel movements play in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: A total of 317 eligible patients were recruited and randomized to the XLCQ group (211 patients) or the control group (106 patients). In addition to conventional standard medical care and rehabilitation, participants in the XLCQ group received XLCQ decoction, while the control group received clysis therapy using glycerin enemas or lactulose oral solution. Both groups were given treatment for 3 to 6 d, during which they received daily visits to record defecation features and accompanying symptoms. Neurological assessments using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were conducted before and 1 month after treatment. RESULTS: Patients in the XLCQ group had lower aggregate constipation scores compared with the control group on day 3 and 5 (P < 0.05). Spontaneous bowel movements tended to reappear more rapidly after taking the XLCQ decoction than after conventional laxative treatment. Both the average aggregate constipation score and the time taken to achieve spontaneous bowel movements showed positive correlations with NIHSS scores before and 1 month after treatment (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Treatment with XLCQ decoction effectively alleviated the overall symptoms of constipation in acute ischemic stroke patients. The status of bowel movements in acute ischemic stroke can reflect the severity of neurological impairment and predict neurological outcomes at 1 month. © 2020 JTCM. All rights reserved.


Objective: To measure the effectiveness of a wellness program in a small company using four well-being indicators designed to measure dimensions of physical health, emotional health, healthy behavior, and basic access to health-related conditions and services. Methods: Indicator scores were obtained and compared between Lincoln Industries employees and workers in the neighboring Lincoln/Omaha community during 2009. Results: Nearly all Lincoln Industries employees participated in the wellness program. Physical health, mental health, and healthy behavior were significantly greater for Lincoln Industries employees. Self-perceived access to basic needs was not significantly greater among Lincoln Industries employees. Conclusion: Well-being index scores provide evidence for the effectiveness of the wellness program in this small company setting with respect to better dimensions of physical health, emotional health, and healthy behavior than geographically similar workers.


Abstract On the cusp of the 14th century, a new means of visualizing plants arose in the herbal manuscript tradition of South Italy. Unlike the previous medieval tradition's stylized plant representations or antique manuscripts with their lifelike representations, these new images are characterized by their similarity to nature and pressed herbs. Based on two 'Tractatus de herbis' manuscripts, namely the MS lat. 6823 in Paris and the MS Egerton 747 in London, this article examines such a new form of nature as a measurement for art. The images themselves alternate between naturalistic impressions, fantastic creations, and pure aesthetic pleasure for the beholder. Together with the accompanying medical treatise they address the boundaries between measurements and excessiveness pertaining not only to artifice but also the body, which has come out of the balance of the four humors and therefore has lost its right measure.


The current study follows the perspective of Educational Linguistics, and tries to respond to a specific need: to provide teachers of Portuguese as a Foreign Language with a guide to more effectively and quickly create didactic materials to teach pronunciation. In order to do this, (i) the target system of the European Portuguese oral vowels is described; (ii) the existing information in the literature is systematized in order to propose a guiding synthesis of the construction of didactic materials for teaching the phonetic-phonological component based on the knowledge acquired in the field of Phonology, Second Language Acquisition and Foreign Language Teaching; (iii) the use of this synthesis is exemplified through a didactic sequence to teach the distinction of vowel height in PE to foreign learners with the A2 level of proficiency defined in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. The obtained synthesis, which aims to guide and facilitate the work of teachers, includes the main elements to be present in a complete didactic sequence with the goal of teaching the phonetic-phonological component: input and its characteristics; output, with progression from controlled to spontaneous speech in  communicative situations; evaluation of results of the pronunciation teaching; general ideas about how to use an integrative approach to pronunciation teaching.


For large-scale photovoltaic power station connected to medium-voltage grid, it is not proper to evaluate its power quality by traditional limitation in China. In this paper, it proposes testing technology and research in order to evaluate the power quality for large-scale photovoltaic power station according to latest photovoltaic standards. The tests will focus on flicker, harmonics, inter-harmonics and high frequency components. For voltage flicker under either continuous operation or switching operation, it gives one method which simulates the voltage fluctuation imposed by photovoltaic power station and calculates flicker emission on a fictitious grid, thereby avoiding the direct influence of the real voltage fluctuation of the grid at the measurement point on flicker. For current harmonics, interharmonics and high frequency components over continuous operation, it specifies the individual current components as sub grouped values in accordance with IEC 61000-4-7][1]. For the purpose of including the effect of voltage fluctuations during actual measurement, the choice of sub grouping method is applied.


NMR has been used for some time for in vivo measurements of biological tissues and has established itself as a valuable and complementary method to be used in parallel with traditional extraction methods. To date most attention has been paid to problems such as central biochemical pathways, energy metabolism in simple organisms and organs, and of course to problems encountered in medicine. There has been relative little interest in applying NMR to problems in food technology, even if these questions can have a tremendous impact on everyday life. Following a suggestion by Gadian,' we show here that multinuclear metabolic NMR is a useful method for studying post-mortem events in carcasses of slaughtered animals.The treatment and storage of carcasses during the first hours after slaughter is of extreme importance for the final quality and tenderness of the meat. Mistreatment can cause large economical losses and waste of valuable food. For example, in order to reduce the risk of bacterial infections one would like to cool down a carcass as soon as possible. Nevertheless, if a muscle is cooled down below 15OC before the postmortem metabolism is completed it may shorten dramatically thus decreasing the tenderness of the meat.' Therefore it is important to measure the rates of postmortem metabolism and to study the efficiency of methods that are aimed at speeding up this process.


Abstract. Advances in information and communication technology have caused two major changes in the business world. Firstly, they have caused a wave of new companies emerge that base their business models on the internet. Secondly, they have given rise to the birth of a new group of buyers, known as Generation-Z, who level of expectation and response to consumption are different. Both of these changes -- in business model and in consumption behaviour -- have broad impacts on how companies connect with their business partners and customers. The main purpose of this study is to investigate Generation-Z's buying behaviour and how this knowledge helps to bring new opportunities for retail business. We applied a qualitative research method through deep interview of 23 respondents.  This study finds that Generation-Z customers in Indonesia have a strong tendency to shop online; they show distinctive behaviours particularly when shopping for clothes and food & beverage. The demographic bonus that Indonesia has enjoyed since 2012 also highlights how this generation is important in business environment in the country


Silanophilic interaction chromatography columns can give rise to complementary selectivity compared to the more commonly used hydrophobic interaction based HPLC columns. However, the former types of phase have historically caused issues of tailing and irreversible retention with polar or basic analytes. An investigation was therefore undertaken into the fundamental nature of their electrostatic, dipole-dipole and hydrogen bonding interactions. This was particularly focussed on interactions that are induced by the presence of residual silanols on the surface of HPLC phases, in order to fully understand the retention mechanism and the practical limitations of commercial stationary phases. Manufacturer's literature for these types of phase often contains specific applications and claims, however full independent testing of a range of acid, basic, phenolic, and polar compounds had not previously been demonstrated. Research in this area will aid in the development of new industrial applications by highlighting the stationary phase type with the most suitable mechanism to separate any combination of polar and non-polar compounds. Initial investigations evaluated silanophilic interactions present in a set of Extended Polar Selectivity (EPS) phases utilising a set of known characterisation probes. Structural elucidation of these phases confirmed the intensity of these interactions is due to the accessibility of the silanols and the purity of the base silica. Shorter chains and sparsely bonded hydrocarbon ligands were shown to reduce hindrance and increase the degree of interaction. Endcapping was shown to decrease the accessibility of residual silanols and mask silanophilic interactions. High purity base silica was shown to reduce silanophilic interactions compared to similar phases bonded to a TYPE-A silica. The control and restriction of silanophilic interactions is of great importance for the analysis of basic and polar molecules. Commercial TYPE-C™ phases are claimed to minimise silanophilic interactions through the "silanization" process. This converts the surface silanols to silica hydride prior to derivatisation with a functionalised ligand. Characterisation of the TYPE-C™ Bidentate C18 phase showed higher silanophilic interactions than a typical TYPE-B octadecyl bonded phase with a trimethyl silane endcap. 29Si NMR on the unpacked TYPE-C™ Bidentate C18 silica material confirmed the presence of silanols. These silanophilic interactions were shown to be coming from unreacted hydroxyl "wings" on polymeric silica hydride surface due to incomplete cross-linking of the triethoxy silane (TES) monomer during the "silanization" process. Reduced efficiency observed in the characterisation of the TYPE-C™ Bidentate C18 phase was shown to be due to a high A Term in the van Deemter equation, due to a high level of Eddy dispersion in the silica bed. SEM imaging of the unpacked TYPE-C™ Bidentate C18 silica material showed a number of irregular particles present, these were identified as amorphous polyhydrosiloxane (PHS) formed through a cross-linking reaction of the TES monomer. Investigation into the "silanization" reaction using TES indicated the process requires strict moisture control and monitored addition of the TES to reduce PHS formation Columns packed from the optimised "silanization" process showed lower silanophilic interactions in HILIC characterisation than the commercial TYPE-C™ phases. HILIC mode van Deemter analysis indicated the A Term contribution is comparable with unmodified bare silica; this suggests no added Eddy dispersion due to PHS particles in the packed silica bed. HILIC analysis on the TYPE-C™ Diamond Bond and Silica-C phases coupled with 29Si NMR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of accessible silanols on the surface of the silica. Principal component analysis found these phases to be similar to experimental and literature characterisation values for TYPE-B style bare silica. The efficiency and van Deemter contributions of these phases were comparable to unmodified TYPE-B silica indicating these phase are not prepared by "silanization" by TES but by a two step chlorination and reduction process.


The literature shows that the influence of yield uncertainty on production relative to quota is ambiguous in the case of a single market. This paper uses a two-market framework (quota market and secondary market) with multiplicative yield uncertainty to show that if over-quota production in the absence of yield uncertainty is profitable, then the presence of yield uncertainty is unambiguously a further stimulus to over-quota production. The analysis is discussed in the context of recent changes to the marketing arrangements for Western Australian potatoes.


With the development of science and technology, a number of environmental issues, such as sustainable development, climate change, environmental pollution, and land degradation become serious. Greater attention has been attached to environmental protection. The government gradually launched some eco--environmental construction projects. In 1999, China begin to carry out the project of Grain-for-Green in the west, to improve the eco-environment, and it make some good effect, but there are some questions that still can not be answered. How about the new grass or forest? Where are they? How can we do in the future? To answer these questions, the government began to monitor the eco-environment, based on remote sensing technology. Geography information can be attained timely, but the issue of uncertainty has become increasingly recognized, and this uncertainty affects the reliability of applications using the data. This article analyzed the process of eco-environment monitoring, the uncertainty of geography information, and discussed the methods of data quality control. The Spot5 span data and multi-spectral data in 2003(2002) were used, combined with land use survey data at the scale of 1:10,000, topography data at the scale of 1:10,000, and the local Grain-for-Green project map. Also the social and economic data were collected. Eco-environmental monitoring is a process which consists of several steps, such as image geometric correction, image matching, information extraction, and so on. Based on visual and automated method, land information turned to grass and forest from cultivated land was obtained by comparing the information form remote sensing data with the land survey data, and local Grain-for-Green project data, combined with field survey. According to the process, the uncertainty in the process was analyzed. Positional uncertainty, attribute uncertainty, and thematic uncertainty was obvious. Positional uncertainty mainly derived from image geometric correction, such as data resource, the number and spatial distribution of the control points are important resource of uncertainty. Attribution uncertainty mainly derived from the process of information extraction. Land classification system, artificial error was the main factor induced uncertainty. Concept defined was not clear, and it reduced thematic uncertainty. According to the resource of uncertainty, data quality control methods were put forward to improve the data quality. At first, it is more important to choose appropriate remote sensing data and other basic data. Secondly, the accuracy of digital orthophoto map should be controlled. Thirdly, it is necessary to check the result data according to relative data quality criterion to guarantee GIS data quality.


Large‐scale flood modelling approaches designed for regional to continental scales usually rely on relatively simple assumptions to represent the potentially highly complex river bathymetry at the watershed scale based on digital elevation models (DEMs) with a resolution in the range of 25–30 m. Here, high‐resolution (1 m) LiDAR DEMs are employed to present a novel large‐scale methodology using a more realistic estimation of bathymetry based on hydrogeomorphological GIS tools to extract water surface slope. The large‐scale 1D/2D flood model LISFLOOD‐FP is applied to validate the simulated flood levels using detailed water level data in four different watersheds in Quebec (Canada), including continuous profiles over extensive distances measured with the HydroBall technology. A GIS‐automated procedure allows to obtain the average width required to run LISFLOOD‐FP. The GIS‐automated procedure to estimate bathymetry from LiDAR water surface data uses a hydraulic inverse problem based on discharge at the time of acquisition of LiDAR data. A tiling approach, allowing several small independent hydraulic simulations to cover an entire watershed, greatly improves processing time to simulate large watersheds with a 10‐m resampled LiDAR DEM. Results show significant improvements to large‐scale flood modelling at the watershed scale with standard deviation in the range of 0.30 m and an average fit of around 90%. The main advantage of the proposed approach is to avoid the need to collect expensive bathymetry data to efficiently and accurately simulate flood levels over extensive areas.


ABSTRACT Based on the authors' personal experiences, this commentary discusses contrasting urban contexts and lockdown measures in twinned cities Wuhan, China and Manchester, UK, to examine spatial reach under COVID-19 restrictions in both places. Focusing on latency, the capacity of space to fit new occupation patterns and uses, the role of architecture and urban design is considered, to identify lessons applicable to physical and digital environment design, in scales and media that can absorb shock, supporting flexible, creative resilient approaches and patterns of future liveability. With massive externally induced change, what stays, what shifts, what disappears? This paper considers spatial adaptability, spatial resilience in two comparative, yet different contexts to identify design-based questions and propose thematic responses addressing resilient liveable future urbanism. This reflects on the similarities and differences between lockdown in China and the UK, the concept of mental as well as physical lockdown and how this has played out in these two countries.


Premature babies are the babies having a gestinal age of less than 37 weeks. These babies due to their early birth suffer from respiratory problems mainly because of the immaturity of some organs, namely the brain and the lungs. Chemoreceptors present in the brain and the trachea act as sensors and determine how much air a human needs to breathe. These sensors use carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations present in the body to make their decisions. However, since the brain of premature babies may not be fully developed, the efficiency of these chemoreceptors can be significantly low. Moreover, the lungs themselves are sometimes not properly developed to allow for efficient gas exchange. As a consequence, premature babies often have irregular breathing patterns. The most serious case is the occurrence of apneas during which breathing stops completely for a certain period of time. In the event of an apnea, saturation of oxygen in the blood drops significantly. Different techniques are used to counter this drop and one of the medical interventions is oxygen therapy during which supplemental oxygen is externally supplied through the nasal cavity. The concentration of oxygen (FIO2) supplied to the baby can be varied where the lowest percentage is 21% (air). In neonatal intensive care units (NICU), dedicated nurses monitor the oxygen saturation level in the arterial blood of the babies which is non-invasively measured with an oximeter. If the saturation level is too low, nurses would normally increase the FIO2 level in an attempt to achieve the desired saturation level. However, this approach can be risky since there is a safe limit for the saturation level and the amount of oxygen that can be supplied. A very high oxygen concentration can be harmful, leading to blindness and other long term complications. This is known as oxygen toxicity. This thesis proposes a solution to deal with this issue that was firstly tested through simulation. A mathematical model for the respiratory system of a preterm infant was previously developed in Matlab by a former PHD student from Monash University, Scott Sands. This model was used as a starting point for this research and was further modified to investigate the proposed solution. Two control strategies, with arterial oxygen saturation as input are used together to determine the FIO2 required during oxygen therapy; one is a PI control and the other is a feedforward control. The PI control takes care of small fluctuations in oxygen saturation level and maintains it at a reference level of 94%. An apnea cannot be predicted and hence they are only known after it has occurred. The feedforward control is used to build a reserve of oxygen in the lungs so that when a chain of apneas occurs, there is enough oxygen in the lungs to support the metabolic activities of the body. The feedforward control does so by increasing FIO2 to a constant value for a pre calculated period of time when an apnea occurrence has been detected. Even though the oxygen saturation in the blood will drop, this control reduces the fall to a level which is considered safe. The PI controller is switched off during apneas since the difference between the reference and the input is too large for it to function. The unavoidable presence of noise in real life has also been taken into account and together with white Gaussian noise, a filter has been added in the model. Also, a prediction mechanism has been introduced to reduce the possibility of noisy input signals being detected as apneas. The combination of the above techniques has resulted in satisfactory test results in simulation studies. Building upon the simulation results, a study has been carried out to test the proposed feedforward controller. In the study, a lamb was forced into periods of breathing and apneas and FIO2 and applied PEEP were used as control variables. PEEP is an applied pressure against exhalation. Both variables were kept constant throughout an initial experiment. In the following experiments, one of the variables was increased and its effect on oxygen saturation was observed. Firstly, the effect of increasing FIO2 was investigated at a constant PEEP value. In another set of experiments, the effect of increasing PEEP was investigated. The same experiments were then repeated for apneas having a longer duration. It was found that increasing FIO2 or applied PEEP during apneic episodes results in a decrease in arterial oxygen desaturation. If both PEEP and supplemental oxygen are used, the FIO2 required is reduced and therefore the risk of oxygen toxicity is decreased. Also, as expected, increasing the duration of the apneas resulted in the need for more supplemental oxygen and applied PEEP to prevent oxygen saturation from falling to dangerously low values. Finally a microcomputer based electronic controller has been built to implement the proposed solution. The electronic controller has been tested offline using the recorded data of oxygen therapies conducted on premature babies at Monash Medical Centre. In the absence of real-time signal, the controller detects apneic signals as expected and reacts by increasing FIO2 in a manner similar to the simulation. The FIO2 calculated by the controller controls the servo motor mounted on a ventilator, which in turns moves the ventilator control knob to a position reflecting the FIO2 determined by the controller. Testing the controller in real time is to be another project once ethical approval is obtained.


Nowadays artificial light with optimized spectrum is used in many different applications. For instance, it is widely used in museums and exhibitions to illuminate the art. Moreover, such light stimulates the growth of plants, or can be applied in industry and healthcare. To achieve the best results for each application, adjusting of dedicated spectrum is required, that is a complicated task. The ongoing research is focused on simplifying this process. In this paper we present the developed lamp with programmable spectrum, and its user interface. Predicted and measured output spectra are investigated. Full Text: PDF ReferencesMottier, P., LEDs for Lighting Applications, Willey (2009) CrossRef Pimputkar, S., Speck, J.S., DenBaars, S.P., Nakamura, S., "Prospects for LED lighting", Nature photonics 3 (4), 180 (2009) CrossRef Knulst, A. J., Mooijweer, R., Jansen, F. W., Stassen, L. P., and Dankelman, J., "Indicating shortcomings in surgical lighting systems," Minim. Invasive Ther. Allied Technol. 20 (5), 267–275 (2011) CrossRef Blaszczak, U., Gryko, L., Palkowska, A., Kulesza, E., Zajac, A., "Color mixing in LED illuminating system for endoscopic purposes", Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen), IEEE (17 November 2016) CrossRef Nanya, K., Ishigami, Y., Hikosaka, S., Goto, E., "Effects of blue and red light on stem elongation and flowering of tomato seedlings", Acta Hortic. 956, pp. 264–266 (2012). CrossRef Cegielski, T. , Bujalski, D. , Kowalczyk, K. , Gajc-Wolska, J. , Hemka, L., "Use of light emission programming in tomato grow light system", Proceedings of Electrotechnical Institute 63 (273), 79-94 (2016) CrossRef Mazikowski, A., Feldzensztajn, M., "Lamp of adjustable spectrum for photographic usage", Proc. SPIE 10445, Photonics Applications in Astronomy, Communications, Industry, and High Energy Physics Experiments, 104450K (2017) CrossRef CREE Inc, Cree® XLamp® XT-E LEDs Product family data sheet (accessed 16 April 2018). DirectLink Dyble, M., Narendran, N., Bierman, A., Klein, T., "Impact of dimming white LEDs: chromaticity shifts due to different dimming methods", Optics and Photonics 2005, San Diego, California, United States DirectLink


ABSTRACT Skeletal carbonate sediments on the lagoon floor of Davies Reef (Great Barrier Reef, Australia) are subject to intense attack by microboring organisms, principally algae. The rate at which this microboring process dissolves carbonate was measured experimentally. Fresh, unbored, molluscan sand samples placed in the shallow lagoon (5 m water depth) experienced a weight loss of about 0.9 g/30 g sample (or 3%) in one year due to dissolution of carbonate by microborers (revealed by direct measurement of weight change and point-count analysis). This figure may be converted to about 350 g CaCO3 dissolved/m2 lagoon floor/year, which is equivalent to between 18 and 30% of the sediment influx rate to this lagoon, averaged over the past 9,000 years. Consideration of the exp rimental design suggests that the experiment underestimated the true rate of microboring in lagoon floor sediments. We conclude that the extent of microboring in carbonate sands may provide information on the rate of sediment deposition, and that dissolution of carbonate sediments by microborers is a significant factor in whole-reef CaCO3 budgets.


Students' success in learning mathematics can be measured from the learning process. By learning mathematics, it is expected that students can improve their thinking ability that includes the ability to reason, solve problems, communicate, and respect the usefulness of Mathematics. However, preliminary observation had showed that students' achievement in learning mathematics is relatively low due to conventional methods of instruction. This research aims at; 1) finding out the students' responses to the application of thematically integrated learning in Mathematics, 2) finding out students' reasoning skills in the composition of the two functions and inverse functions, and 3) finding out the effect of thematically integrated instruction in Mathematics on students' reasoning ability. It is expected that the implementation of this learning model would improve students' Mathematic achievement. The results demonstrate a regression equation of Y = 15.477 +  0,714X, a regression coefficient is positive of 0.714. This can be interpreted as a response to the implementation of thematic learning model thet the better it will improve students' reasoning ability. Number R Square of 0,151. Meaning that the level of reasoning ability of students' affected by the high and low stundents' response to the implementation of thematic learning model 15,1%. The implementation of thematic learning model in the study of mathematics can be see from the results of the regression coefficient test showed thet significant value 0,007 < 0,05. Therefore, Ho is rejected. This result illustrates that there is a significant effect of the implementation of thematic learning model in teaching mathematics on students' reasoning ability. Keywords: Thematically Integrated Instruction, Ability, Reasoning


Each essay in the issue grapples with problems attending the social and literary construction of personal identities. Juxtaposing life writing and science fiction also suggests that generic identities ought to be grasped as complex social practices that connect discourse and power in a variety of ways.


Abstract We investigated carbon isotope discrimination of two morphs of Saxifraga oppositifolia and other plant species in a glacier foreland in the High Arctic at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Norway. At this site, soil conditions vary considerably along with the progress of primary succession within a small area. We compared growth forms and δ13C values, which reflect long-term leaf gas exchange characteristics, of plants growing in different successional stages with different soil conditions. Even though the soil mass water content (water mass/dry mass) increased from 10% to 140% with the progress of succession, the water and nitrogen content of the soil had negligible effects on the δ13C values of the observed species. The δ13C values were determined mainly by species and growth forms. We compared two morphs of S. oppositifolia, the prostrate form (P-form) and the cushion form (C-form), on the same riverbank in the glacier foreland. Regardless of the successional stage, the δ13C values of the C-form were about 2‰ more negative than those of the P-form. The ground cover area per plant mass (GA) of the C-form was less than 30% that of the P-form, and the product of GA and stomatal conductance appears to be an important factor in the relationship between transpiration and photosynthesis of a whole plant. We suggest that the relationship between GA and the root mass fraction is a crucial factor affecting the water utilization in high arctic environments. We also examined the relationship between life form and water utilization for other phototrophs, including lichens, mosses, narrow-leaved grasses, perennials, and shrubs.


Buoyancy-driven systems are subject to several types of flow instabilities. To evaluate the performance of such systems it is becoming increasingly crucial to be able to predict the stability of a given base flow configuration. Traditional Modal Linear stability Analysis requires the solution of very large eigenvalue systems for three-dimensional flows, which make this problem difficult to tackle.An alternative to modal Linear stability Analysis is the use of adjoint solvers [1] in combination with a power iteration [2]. Such methodology allows for the identification of an optimal disturbance or forcing and has been recently used to evaluate the stability of several isothermal flow systems [2]. In this paper we examine the extension of the methodology to non-isothermal flows driven by buoyancy. The contribution of buoyancy in the momentum equation is modeled through the Boussinesq approximation.The method is implemented in the spectral element code Nek5000. The test case is the flow is a two-dimensional cavity with differential heating and conductive walls and the natural circulation flow in a toroidal thermosiphon.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


ABSTRACT Much recent literature has explored the vibrancy of African urban life, and how, despite the pervasive uncertainty, people develop means of operating on the scale of the world (to 'world' themselves). To what extent, however, are the exigencies of worlding from Africa determined by urbanity? This article provides comparative material, focusing on worlding in one of the continent's most remote locales, the northeastern borderlands of the Central African Republic (CAR). Through the case of armed conservation, I show that worlding requires camouflage, a hunting skill that entails learning about your surroundings and orienting yourself so you do not stick out. Surroundings in this sense are not just material/geographic, but also social and regulatory. I argue thus that hunting practices underlie worlding, and that doings in remote spaces, as much as in cities, have been a source of creativity as regards the furtherance of careers across scales.


The World Bank has been the largest multilateral source of rural telecommunications financing in developing countries since the mid-1960s. This article analyzes World Bank-sponsored studies of rural telecommunications initiatives in Chile, Peru, Indonesia, Bangladesh, and Malaysia to identify which lessons the bank draws from them and recommends for other countries. The World Bank's preference for a "best practice" approach in its research leads it to attribute successes and failures to a narrow scope of factors that tend to agree with its economic policy priorities. Instead, rural telecommunications practices should be analyzed within their broader socio-institutional and cultural contexts in order to enable cross-situational applications, and a broad array of stakeholders should be involved in shaping the lessons learned.


The purpose of the article is to undertake a critical examination of a
new audiovisual form of judicial communicati
on developed by the
UK Supreme Court. An
audiovisual
recording of the judge
delivering a summary of the judgment now accompanies the
publication of the full written judgment and a two page
"
press
summary
"
of the judgment. The summary judgment video is
avai
lable for viewing on demand and at a distance via The Internet.
The article begins by introducing the audiovisual data that makes up
the video case study at the centre of this study and outlines the
methods used to undertake the subsequent analysis. It is
followed by
a review of a number of fields of scholarship and debates that the
study of these videos engages with: about cameras in courts;
transparency and open justice; and news media representations of
courts. A consideration of these literatures provid
es an opportunity
to identify and consider how this study helps to make sense of the
Court's video initiative. It also provides an opportunity to consider
the contribution that this study can make to those areas of work. An
analysis of the case study video
s follows, beginning with a
consideration of the representations of the court, the judge and
judgment that are to be found in those videos. Attention then turns to
study the some of the cultural assumptions and institutional factors that shape the visibili
ty of judgment that the videos are generating.
The paper ends with some reflections and conclusions about the
nature of this visibility and the contribution that the summary
judgment videos make to
"
open justice
"
and the
"
transparency
"
of
the court; in par
ticular the judiciary and judicial
decision
-
making
.


Liver transplantation is now frequently used in the treatment of endstage liver disease. Therefore, it is important that radiologists be aware of common anastomotic techniques and expected postoperative imaging findings. Imaging is most useful in evaluating for posttransplantation complications, which are broadly classified into vascular, biliary, and other complications. Hepatic artery thrombosis is the most significant complication and is often associated with graft failure. Radiologists have multiple modalities at their disposal for optimal evaluation. Doppler ultrasonography (US) is the preliminary imaging modality for gross evaluation of the liver parenchyma, biliary tree, and vasculature for abnormalities. When US findings are indeterminate or there is persistent clinical suspicion for an abnormality, computed tomography (CT) is often performed. The major indications for CT are detection of bile leak, hemorrhage, and abscess, but CT is also useful in the assessment of the vasculature. T-tube cholangiography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography are the best noninvasive imaging tools for evaluating for biliary stricture. Some investigators would argue that endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a better diagnostic imaging modality; however, ERCP is invasive. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy is optimal for the evaluation of biliary leakage. Early detection of posttransplantation complications will help lower morbidity rates and will likely allow graft salvage in selected cases. © RSNA, 2010 • radiographics.rsna.org


The quality of educational services for childhood depends structurally on the professional competences of the educators who work in them: these competences have also matured within the services, but are primarily connected with the training paths that open up to the exercise of the profession. Recent regulations have made compulsory for educators in the 0-3 range to have an initial university training course within the L-19 degree class. This provision finds the universities at least partially prepared to face the consequent training challenge, but in a context that sees a strong heterogeneity of offer. The article, starting from a brief normative survey, identifies the fundamental characteristics of a possible academic curriculum for early childhood educators, based on hypotheses advanced in recent months. This hypothesis is then compared with the current reality of the degrees activated in Italy in the L-19 class, identifying the coherence and the reasons for problematics in the relationship between the actual situation and the new training request that is demanded to the courses themselves in this sector. Keywords : University; Educators; Competence; ECEC


The data of pathomorphologic investigations of intervertebral ++ joints of the lumbar++ part of spine in case of osteochondrosis and in connection with age are presented in the article. 32 arthrograms of ++ intervertebral++ joint, taken in the patients' lifetime, have been analyzed. The special features of morphologic changes have been revealed and their connection with the clinical signs of osteochondrosis has been determined.


Medication errors are a leading cause of death worldwide and hospitals are continuously working on improving methods and strategies to prevent medication errors. Multi-morbidity patients who have more than one chronic disease for a long period of time are more likely to take several medications at once. Consequently, they are more vulnerable to drug interactions and drug allergies. In this paper we present a novel solution using a smartphone integrated with an NFC reader and an NFC application to detect and update drug allergies and drug interactions for people with multi-morbidity during medication administration. The system was validated for performance precision, and computational and communicational costs in a lab environment.


Symmetry detection is important for many biological visual systems, including those of mammals, insects and birds. We constructed a symmetry–detection algorithm with two stages: location of the visually salient features of the image, then evaluating the symmetry of these features over a long range, by means of a simple Gaussian filter. The algorithm detects the axis of maximum symmetry for human faces (or any arbitrary image) and calculates the magnitude of the asymmetry. We have evaluated the algorithm on the dataset of Rhodeset al. (1998Psychonom. Bull. Rev. 5, 659–669) and found that the algorithm is able to discriminate small variations of symmetry created by computer–manipulating the symmetry levels in individual faces, and that the values measured by the algorithm correlate well with human psycho–physical symmetry ratings.


We demonstrate a photonic RF Hilbert transformer for broadband microwave in-phase and quadrature-phase generation based on an integrated frequency optical comb, generated using a nonlinear microring resonator based on a CMOS compatible, high-index contrast, doped-silica glass platform. The high quality and large frequency spacing of the comb enables filters with up to 20 taps, allowing us to demonstrate a quadrature filter with more than a 5-octave (3 dB) bandwidth and an almost uniform phase response.


Novel cobalt(III)–diphenylphosphine complexes, cis- and trans-[Co(dtc)2(PHPh2)2]+, were synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallographic analyses and spectroscopic methods. The Co–P bond lengths in both isomers were shorter than those in the analogous cobalt(III)–bis(tertiary phosphine) complexes with sterically less bulky but more basic phosphine ligands: Co–P(1)
= 2.2340(6) and Co–P(2)
= 2.2258(7)
A for the cis-isomer, and Co–P = 2.276(1)
A for the trans isomer. The title complexes also exhibited a unique dynamic behavior: cis to trans isomerization was induced by irradiation with visible light, while thermal trans to cis isomerization took place at elevated temperatures. The absorbance change for the trans to cis isomerization reaction exhibited multi-exponential kinetic traces when no free PHPh2 was present in the solution. Such a complicated kinetic behavior was explained either by the slow dissociation of coordinated PHPh2 or by the abstraction of a P–H proton from coordinated PHPh2 through an acid–base interaction with trace water in the bulk solvent. By addition of an excess amount of PHPh2, the dissociation of coordinated PHPh2 as well as the basicity of impure water was suppressed, and a first-order kinetic trace was observed. Kinetic studies with excess free PHPh2 in acetonitrile revealed that the isomerization reaction takes place via an intramolecular twist mechanism: ΔH*
= 120 ± 1 kJ mol−1 and ΔS*
= 50 ± 18 J mol−1 K−1. AOM calculations indicate that the twist mechanism involves a spin state change (1A1g to 5A1′) during the activation process. The importance of the π-acidity of PHPh2 together with the cooperative effect of the spectator ligand (dtc−) was suggested to explain the thermodynamic and kinetic behaviors of these complexes.


Americans travel 7 to 9 miles on average for shopping and recreational activities, which is far longer than the 15-minute (walking) city advocated by ecologically-oriented urban planners. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of local trip behavior in US cities using GPS data on individual trips from 40 million mobile devices. We define local usage as the share of trips made within 15-minutes walking distance from home, and find that the median US city resident makes only 12% of their daily trips within such a short distance. We find that differences in access to local services can explain eighty percent of the variation in 15-minute usage across metropolitan areas and 74 percent of the variation in usage within metropolitan areas. Differences in historic zoning permissiveness within New York suggest a causal link between access and usage, and that less restrictive zoning rules, such as permitting more mixed-use development, would lead to shorter travel times. Finally, we document a strong correlation between local usage and experienced segregation for poorer, but not richer, urbanites, which suggests that 15-minute cities may also exacerbate the social isolation of marginalized communities.


As the principal place for currency flow nowadays, the banking system plays a special role in society and its security has always been a focus. The current bank branches' security systems usually use video surveillance system, which is basically used to provide evidence after incidents, and it can not do real-time warning. With the rapid development of computer vision, video and intelligent recognition, real-time alarm analysis of surveillance system has become possible. Based on the technologies of human body detection, motion tracking and behavior judgement, this article designs a bank intelligent video image processing and monitoring control system which is based on OpenCV, and the system not only realizes real-time monitoring and alarm within monitoring zone effectively, but also brings innovations to the traditional video surveillance system, providing strong protection of safe operation for banks.


Yesterday's law schools and their pedagogical models and methods created some magnificent lawyers and thinkers. Tomorrow's law schools must retain the best parts of yesterday's approaches yet evolve in response to the changing needs of the legal profession. The question, of course, is how this evolution should occur. In this chapter, we argue that the law school of the future cannot merely incorporate more practical skills courses into the curriculum. Instead, law schools must integrate experiential learning across the entire curriculum to create an assessment-driven and outcome-based program of legal education that enables students to develop core lawyering competencies and solve real-world problems. In so doing, however, law schools must recognize that the sin qua non of effective legal advocacy is the ability to think analytically and reason logically. Thus, law schools should not dispense with the Socratic Method or compromise the rigor and depth of the traditional legal model. Instead, law schools must collapse the distinction between analytical, practical skills, and clinical training and develop a cohesive curricular model that bridges the divide between legal education and law practice. In this book chapter, we offer a blueprint for purposeful change by highlighting the innovative curriculum at Indiana Tech Law School.


"If you visit my city, Buenos Aires, please try and go see the women lemon vendors who sit in the streets of some neighborhoods."1 No, rather, I welcome you now to Buenos Aires. In your theological imagination, I welcome you. I, Marcella, will be your guide for a few sentences. Here is the marketplace of Constitución, where my mother would buy chickens still warm. Do you see those stray dogs over there sleeping quietly in the door of the abandoned building? This is my barrio, San Telmo. Shall we sit for a few minutes over cortado? It is a good place to think – to think about postmodernism, liberation, the destruction of grand meta-narratives. The first few pages of Indecent Theology invite us into Marcella AlthuasReid's world. She tantalizes our senses: sights, sounds, tastes, and smells. Bodies come to life. Places materialize. Histories swirl with their tangled and complicated interplay. Our eyes roam. We not only see women selling lemons in the marketplace; our journey continues under their skirts, into their baskets. We hover in the midst of their interactions. Women without underwear, whose musky smell mixes with the scent of lemons and market. Skirts lifted: exposed, smelled, seen by Althaus-Reid. Skirts lifted: exposed, smelled, seen by us.


Enabling access to digitised, copyright cleared texts on module reading lists is a highly valued service
to students and academic staff. However it appears that there is very little ability to measure the
effectiveness of this service or to identify a benchmark in order to understand whether a good
service is being provided to customers. This project was set up to address this by aiming to
understand the digitisation service in different institutions, establish robust measurements and a
realistic initial benchmark.
Thirteen institutions took part in the year-long project. The recorded activity included collecting data
for all new and renewal digitisation requests and the average time it took to make the item available
online. This was done across four sample weeks within the academic year.
This data has identified the peaks in service across all the institutions and established an average
turnaround time of 7.6 days which can be used to benchmark our services; something we did not
have before this project.
In addition, the recorded activity has resulted in several immediate impacts for a number of the
institutions. These include:
• upskilling staff to deal with peaks or bring the scanning in-house
• employing temporary staff to deal with backlogs
• investing in new scanning equipment
• researching potential software solutions and in one case the purchase of a software
package
For all institutions the project has enabled them to really focus on their service in order to identify where improvements can be made which ultimately benefit the customers.
The future is a little harder to determine, particularly with the ever-changing digital information landscape. However, the project has created a community of digitisation service professionals who are now connected and have shared their knowledge and their experience to increase their own understanding of digitisation in their own and academic institutions.


Europeanization and Party System Cartelization? – Changing Patterns of Partisan Conflict in the Swedish European Affairs Committee between 1995 and 2012. Several scholars argue that Europeanization, by transferring political authority to non-partisan supra-national institutions, leads to depoliticization, and even party system cartelization, at the national level. Other scholars, however, maintain that European integration instead is likely to boost partisan conflicts over time. This article tests these rival hypotheses – depoliticization or politicization – using a case study of Swedish European A ff airs Committee between 1995  and 2012 . If Europeanization results in depoliticization and a waning of opposition, the article argues that the Swedish experiences are likely to confirm this tendency. Yet, in contrast to these expectations, the article presents evidence indicating that partisan struggles on Europeanization in Sweden – particularly on issues of relevance to the left-right divide – has intensified significantly over time. Therefore, the article casts a shadow of doubt over the hypothesis of depoliticization, as well as over the influential cartel party thesis, while instead supporting the rival hypothesis of increased politicization.


Abstract The efficacy of transgenic cotton genotypes containing Cry1Ac, Cry1F, and Cry1Ac stacked with Cry1F (WideStrike®, Dow Agrosciences, Indianapolis, IN) were investigated during 2001-2003 against the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (=BAW), and the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (=FAW), in laboratory bioassays and small experimental field plots. In all experiments, cotton containing Cry1F was more toxic to BAW and FAW larvae compared to cotton containing only Cry1Ac. In the majority of experiments, the addition of Cry1Ac to the Cry1F genotype had no increased effect on efficacy and certain biological parameters against BAW and FAW larvae compared to cotton containing only Cry1F. Furthermore, the presence or absence of an additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effect between Cry1Ac and Cry1F was not observed in these field and laboratory experiments.


The Sahel is an ecologically vulnerable region where increasing populations with a concurrent increase in agricultural intensity has degraded soils. Agroforestry offers an approach to remediate these landscapes. A largely unrecognized agroforestry resource in the Sahel are the native shrubs, Piliostigma reticulatum, and Guiera senegalensis that to varying degrees already coexist with row crops. These shrubs improve soil quality, redistribute water from the deep soil to the surface (hydraulic lift), and can improve crop growth. However, little information is available on whether these shrubs affect spatial and temporal dynamics of microbial communities. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine microbial composition and activity in the wet and dry seasons of soil in the: shrub rhizosphere (RhizS), inter-root zone (IntrS), and outside the influence of shrub soil (OutS) for both G. senegalensis and P. reticulatum in Senegal. A 3 × 2 factorial field experiment was imposed at two locations (490 and 700 mm annual rainfall with G. senegalensis and P. reticulatum, respectively), that had the soil sampling treatments of three locations (RhizS, IntrS, and OutS) and two seasons (wet and dry). Soils were analyzed for: microbial diversity (DGGE with bacterial 16S or fungal 28S rRNA gene sequences phospholipids fatty acid, PLFA); enzyme activities; microbial biomass carbon (MBC); and nitrogen (N) mineralization potential. For the DGGE profiling, the bacterial community responded more to the rhizosphere effect, whereas, the fungal community was more sensitive to season. PLFA, MBC, enzyme activities and inorganic N were significantly higher in both seasons for the RhizS. The presence of shrubs maintained rhizosphere microbial communities and activity during the dry season. This represents a paradigm shift for semi-arid environments where logically it would be expected to have no microbial activity in the extended dry season. In contrast this study has shown this is not the case that rather the presence of shrub roots maintained the microbial community in the dry season most likely due to hydraulic lift and root exudates. This has implications when these shrubs are in cropped fields in that decomposition and mineralization of nutrients can proceed in the dry season. Thus, enabling accumulation of plant available nutrients during the dry season for uptake by crops in the rainy season.


The aim of this article is to discuss how end user involvement in all stages of a product life cycle changes the assumptions of the design process. This article is based on a literature review and three case studies – Imsdal (Ringnes/Carlsberg), Jordan and Stokke. Several examples of how consumers or users are involved in various stages of the product life cycle are presented. The product development is affected both by end users' activity and by previous knowledge of the product. The use of the product is changing the meaning, and even the disposal of the product is affecting how the product is perceived. The product becomes part of a cultural and historical context in which the end user is actively shaping.


Ingestible capsule endoscope technology has been a topic of research since the middle of the 20th century and has become a prominent area of study since the commercialization of capsule endoscopy in 2000. Ingestible telemetry capsules have been investigated by NASA in the last 20 years as a means for monitoring human body temperature during periods of physical exhaustion, but are limited in sensing time due to passage through the digestive system. In this work, we present a feasibility study on a sensor that attaches to the intestinal mucosa after being delivered to the bowel via ingestible capsule to be used on long distance space flights. This study included experiments conducted on NASA's Weightless Wonder aircraft and replicated in a laboratory setting on the ground. During these experiments, a capsule was activated, manually inserted into excised porcine small intestine, and then automatically implanted a sham sensor onto the mucosal lining. The purpose of the experiment was to determine if the automated implantation sequence is affected by microgravity. Eight trials conducted in each setting yielded successful implantation of four sham sensors in microgravity and three in earth gravity. Results suggest that automated implantation is feasible in both 1G and microgravity environments though design changes are necessary to significantly improve repeatability in both environments. Though improvements in reliability of the device are needed, this experiment is a benchmark for transferring capsule technology currently used only for visual screening of the bowel to health monitoring systems for space flights.Copyright © 2016 by ASME


This paper presents an interactive modeling system that constructs 3D models from a collection of panoramic image mosaics. A panoramic mosaic consists of a set of images taken around the same viewpoint, and a transformation matrix associated with each input image. Our system first recovers the camera pose for each mosaic from known line directions and points, and then constructs the 3D model using all available geometrical constraints. We partition constraints into soft and hard linear constraints so that the modeling process can be formulated as a linearly-constrained least-squares problem, which can be solved efficiently using QR factorization. The results of extracting wire frame and texture-mapped 3D models from single and multiple panoramas are presented.


To operate in human-robot coexisting environments, intelligent robots need to simultaneously reason with commonsense knowledge and plan under uncertainty. Markov decision processes (MDPs) and partially observable MDPs (POMDPs), are good at planning under uncertainty toward maximizing long-term rewards; P-LOG, a declarative programming language under Answer Set semantics, is strong in commonsense reasoning. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm called iCORPP to dynamically reason about, and construct (PO)MDPs using P-LOG. iCORPP successfully shields exogenous domain attributes from (PO)MDPs, which limits computational complexity and enables (PO)MDPs to adapt to the value changes these attributes produce. We conduct a number of experimental trials using two example problems in simulation and demonstrate iCORPP on a real robot. Results show significant improvements compared to competitive baselines.