Kant's natural philosophy in the Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science is heavily influenced by Newton's Principia. However, a closer look makes it clear that Kant's project has also been influenced by other thinkers. One of these thinkers is Leonard Euler. His work was of great influence for Kant, not only with regards to his view on space and inertia but on the relation between metaphysics and natural science in general. Even though Euler's Physics built on Newton's work, he differs from him in fundamental regards, leading to crucial developments inside classical mechanics. Here I will discuss the influence of Euler on the work of Kant and focus on Euler's view on the two entangled problems of inertia and space. It will become clear that both Euler and Kant went through a development concerning these fundamental notions. After shortly highlighting the differences between Kant and Newton (1), I shall go through the development of important parts of Euler's natural philosophy concerning the above mentioned themes. I intend to demonstrate that he, through his refutation of Wolffianism, became an advocate for the necessity of absolute space but also denied the existence of an internal force of inertia (2). After that I will show how Kant's reading of Euler lead to crucial changes of his natural philosophy in particular and his philosophical enterprise in general. I therefore analyze Kant's revision of his theory of space and inertia in his precritical writings. Building upon that, I will show the influence of these thoughts on his Metaphysical Foundations (3).


The present study has been carried out for the trans-boundary Subansiri sub-basin of Brahmaputra river basin. Subansiri is the largest tributary of Brahmaputra within India and the river system has its practical importance as it holds a high water resources as well as hydropower potential for the country, which still remains highly under-developed. The probable impact of climate change has been analyzed using hypothetical climate scenarios to understand the behavior of total streamflow as well as snowmelt runoff under the changing conditions. Based on the simulations of a daily snowmelt runoff model (SNOWMOD) using six years of data, it has been observed that the total stream flow as well as the snowmelt runoff increase with temperature. Snowmelt runoff was found to increase by about 5% and 12% for the increase of 1 °C and 2 °C in temperature respectively. However, not much change in snowmelt runoff was observed with changed precipitation scenarios. It has been found from this study that total stream flow changes in all scenarios of temperature (T) and precipitation (P). The observed maximum % increase in mean annual stream flow was about 6% for the T+2°C & P+10% scenario and the minimum % decrease in mean annual stream flow observed was about 11% for T+1°C & P-10% scenario. The present study aims to provide information for planning of climate change adaptation strategies for the Subansiri sub-basin of the Brahmaputra River.


Vasectomy is an ever-increasingly used contraceptive method owing to its effectiveness and easy execution, although various studies have questioned its innocuousness. We have studied various parameters in 70 patients three months before and after the vasectomy was performed. The analytical factors controlled were as follows: glycemia, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, FSH, LH, testosterone and estradiol. Other data handled were arterial tension and body weight index. We questioned them about physical activity, distributing them into three groups, and about family history of arteriosclerosis, distributing them into two groups. Three months after the operation we found an increase in body weight index of 24.11 +/- 2.49 to 24.77 +/- 2.51, with a p less than 0.01. Total cholesterol also rose from 201 Cae 39 mgr% to 208 +/- 38 mgr% with a p less than 0.05. We also observed a drop in arterial tension. Patients with no family history of arteriosclerosis had an increase of total cholesterol of 199 +/- 39 mgr% to 210 +/- 35 mgr% with a p less than 0.001. In the heavy smoker group, total cholesterol also rose from 203 %/- 48 mgr% to 214 +/- 40 mgr% with a p less than 0.05. We discuss our results and our surgical complications and our conclusion in that, based on our study, we cannot assert the vasectomy plays a role as a risk factor of arteriosclerosis.


Purpose – The aim of this paper is to examine contextual emotional labor, which is a long-term emotional experience in response to conflicting demands of societal and organizational contexts.

Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on qualitative interviews with Muslim female employees in two textile firms in Lahore, Pakistan, the paper explores the nature and extent of contextual emotional labor associated with these women's decision to step into "the male domain".

Findings – The study identifies contextual emotional labor as an integral part of Muslim female employees' work in the formal employment sector resulting from an ongoing tension between the display rules of the workplace and Islamic female modesty.

Research limitations/implications – Scholars may wish to investigate the nature and form of contextual emotional labor in diverse geographic, cultural and religious contexts in order to refine the findings and theoretical implications of this study.

Practical implications – Organizations may consider placing Muslim women in those roles in which there is lesser likelihood of conflict between their organizational and societal display rules, while not compromising their career. On a societal level, policy makers and religious scholars may consider findings ways to promote an enlightened interpretation of religious principles and their gender egalitarian practices to alleviate the contextual emotional labor experiences by female employees and other relevant groups.

Originality/value – The paper offers original empirical research on an under-explored topic and geographical area.


The "socioeconomic achievement gap"—the disparity in academic achievement between students from high- and low-socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds—is well-known in the sociology of education. The SES achievement gap has been documented across a wide range of countries. Yet in most countries, we do not know whether the SES achievement gap has been changing over time. This study combines 30 international large-scale assessments over 50 years, representing 100 countries and about 5.8 million students. SES achievement gaps are computed between the 90th and 10th percentiles of three available measures of family SES: parents' education, parents' occupation, and the number of books in the home. Results indicate that, for each of the three SES variables examined, achievement gaps increased in a majority of sample countries. Yet there is substantial cross-national variation in the size of increases in SES achievement gaps. The largest increases are observed in countries with rapidly increasing school enrollments, implying that expanding access reveals educational inequality that was previously hidden outside the school system. However, gaps also increased in many countries with consistently high enrollments, suggesting that cognitive skills are an increasingly important dimension of educational stratification worldwide.


The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between lower limb joint kinetics, external force production and starting block performance (normalised average horizontal power, NAHP). Seventeen male sprinters (100 m PB, 10.67 ± 0.32 s) performed maximal block starts from instrumented starting blocks (1000 Hz) whilst 3D kinematics (250 Hz) were also recorded during the block phase. Ankle, knee and hip resultant joint moment and power were calculated at the rear and front leg using inverse dynamics. Average horizontal force applied to the front (r = 0.46) and rear (r = 0.44) block explained 86% of the variance in NAHP. At the joint level, many "very likely" to "almost certain" relationships (r = 0.57 to 0.83) were found between joint kinetic data and the magnitude of horizontal force applied to each block although stepwise multiple regression revealed that 55% of the variance in NAHP was accounted for by rear ankle moment, front hip moment and front knee power. The current study provides novel insight into starting block performance and the relationships between lower limb joint kinetic and external kinetic data that can help inform physical and technical training practices for this skill.


In 2000, the circulation of indigenous measles was interrupted in Catalonia as a result of the activities of the elimination programme introduced in 1991. However, various transmission chains occurred in the indigenous population after the introduction of an imported case, and this caused a total change in the existing situation of elimination. The objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the measles outbreak in Catalonia in 2006. Cases reported between August 28 2006 and July 8 2007 were collected. Cases were microbiologically confirmed by determination of measles-specific IgM and/or detection of the viral genome in urine samples. A total of 381 cases of measles were confirmed, representing an incidence of 6.6 per 100,000 inhabitants. Laboratory confirmation was made in 87.1% of the cases and all specimens sequenced belonged to the D4 genotype. A total of 89.5% of the cases occurred in non-vaccinated people, above all in infants aged <16 months.


In the past few years we have seen a dizzying array of trading products and services emerge in global financial markets, aimed at reducing the cost of exposure to an asset or group of assets. These include contracts for difference (CFDs), exchange traded funds (ETFs), spread bets, binary options, covered warrants, micro options, swaptions and credit derivatives to name but a few. While each product has achieved a degree of success, with some finding favor in the mainstream, arguably the most successful of these has been the CFD. Contracts For Difference (CFDs) have evolved as their use has become more widespread, and developments over the next year, including the launch of the London Stock Exchange9s Exchange Traded CFD service, look set to take the product to a new level.


T
This research aims to develop a model for the implementation of electric ground support equipment (E-GSE) in Indonesia. It employed the qualitative and quantitative method. Data were collected through interviews with airport stakeholders including ground handling, airline and airport experts. The data analysis used the Analytical Network Process (ANP) with Super Decisions software tools. The ANP is a mathematical theory that can be used to analyze the influence of approaches and assumptions used to solve related problems. The key stakeholders from the airlines, ground handling, and airport authority agreed that the critical criteria to implement electric ground support equipment (E-GSE) are emissions standards, pollution sources, limit value, employee exposure, and stationary measurements. The alternative solutions are regulation, company finance, and infrastructure. Those criteria and alternative solutions are in line with the Indonesian government's regulation, supported by provision of the governor, concerning vehicle tax incentives for electric battery vehicles to support ground handling companies investment in electric ground support equipment (E-GSE) to reduce emissions in airports.


The proposed Steady QUad INTerpolating (SQUINT) map is formulated in terms of a SQUINT Field of Similarities (FoS). It is controlled by four coplanar points. It maps the unit square onto a curved planar quad, R, which has these points as corners. Uniformly spaced, log-spiral isocurves decompose R into tiles that are similar to each other and, hence, each have equal angles at opposite corners. We provide closed-form expressions for computing the representation of the SQUINT map and for evaluating the map and its inverse. We discuss extensions and potential applications to texture maps and field warps and to the design, display, and constant-cost query of procedural models of arbitrarily complex lattices.


Soleus muscle in Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), as well as in most normotensive mammals, is highly fatigue resistant. In 6-mo-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), however, soleus muscle generates less specific force and experiences a more rapid rate of fatigue than in age-matched WKY. The present experiments tested the hypothesis that antihypertensive treatment with hydralazine or amlodipine would shift the contractile force and fatigue resistance profile of SHR soleus toward that which characterizes WKY. Hydralazine was given via the drinking water (100 mg/l) and amlodipine via the food (1 g/4 kg rat chow) to two separate groups of animals, starting at the age of 16 wk. At 24-26 wk of age soleus twitch and tetanic force generation and the rate of fatigue were evaluated during a 4-min period of repetitive stimulation. Although both hydralazine and amlodipine lowered blood pressure, they had different effects on muscle function. Hydralazine decreased force generation in both WKY and SHR at all stimulation frequencies; it did not change the fatigue properties of SHR but made WKY soleus less fatigue resistant. Amlodipine, on the other hand, increased contractile force in both WKY and SHR and increased fatigue resistance in SHR. Amlodipine is a dihydropyridine that blocks L-type channels, thereby preventing entry of Ca2+ into the muscle. We suggest that Ca2+ entry during activity stimulates Ca-activated K+ efflux in SHR and adds to the extracellular load of K+. Increased extracellular K+ can in turn depress contractile performance.


Objective: To present a new systematic approach for summarizing multiple injury diagnosis data into patient injury profiles. Design:International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision, clinical modification injury diagnosis codes were classified using a modification of the Barell body region by nature of injury diagnosis matrix, then grouped by body region, injury nature, or a combination of both. Profiles were built which describe patients' injury combinations based on matrix units, enabling the analysis of patients, and not only the study of injuries. Setting: The Israeli national trauma registry was used to retrieve patient demographic data, injury details, and information on treatment and outcome. Patients or subjects: All hospitalized patients injured in road traffic accidents and included in the trauma registry from January 1997 to December 2000 were included. Main outcome measures: Patient profiles consisting of body regions, injury natures, their combination, and their clinical outcomes. Results: The study population comprised 17 459 patients. Head and neck injuries were the most frequent in all subpopulations except for motorcyclists who sustained most injuries in the extremities. Fractures were the most common injury nature (60%). Pedestrians and drivers had the highest proportion of multiple injuries in both profiles. Forty eight percent of the patients had a single cell profile. The most frequent conditions as a sole condition were extremity fractures (14%), internal injuries to the head (11%), and injuries of other nature to the torso (6%). Mortality, length of stay, and intensive care unit treatment varied dramatically between profiles and increased for multiple injury profiles. Inpatient death was an outcome for 3.3% overall; however, in patients with an internal injury to the head and torso, inpatient death rate was nine times higher, at 31%. Conclusions: Profiles maintain information on body region and nature of injury. The use of injury profiles in describing the injured improves the understanding of casemix and can be useful for efficient staffing in multidisciplinary trauma teams and for various comparisons.


We studied the effects of urinary pH on the kinetics of salicylic acid (SA) with its metabolites and assessed the contribution of alkaline hydrolysis of salicylic acid acyl glucuronide to the renal clearance of salicylic acid. Hydrolysis of SAAG in alkaline urine contributes marginally to the high renal clearance and excretion of salicylic acid, validating alkalinization of a patient with SA overdose. Under acidic urine conditions, salicylic acid (SA) had a terminal plasma t1/2 value of 3.29 +/- 0.52 hours while under alkaline urine conditions this t1/2 was significantly reduced to 2.50 +/- 0.41 hours (p = 0.0156). The total oral body clearance of salicylic acid under acidic conditions (1.38 +/- 0.43 l/h) is significantly lower than under alkaline urine conditions (2.27 +/- 0.83 l/h; p = 0.0410). The Km and Vmax values of SA, and its conjugates salicylic acid phenolic glucuronide (SAPG), salicyluric acid (SU) and salicyluric acid phenolic glucuronide (SUPG) did not differ statistically under acidic and alkaline urine conditions. The protein binding of SA was 93.8 +/- 1.0% and that of SU was 89.7 +/- 2.2% in vivo and in vitro. SUPG had a protein binding of 84.8 +/- 1.8%, while SAPG showed no protein binding at all. The renal excretion of salicylic acid depends strongly on the urinary pH. The percentage of the dose excreted unchanged increased from 2.3 +/- 1.5% under acidic conditions to 30.5 +/- 9.1% under alkaline conditions (p = 0.0006). Alkaline urine lowered by 50% the percentage of the dose excreted as SU (p = 0.0028), SAAG (p = 0.0013), and SUPG (p = 0.0296), while SAPG is only marginally lowered (p = 0.0589).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


The effect of alkali metal chlorides on the viscoelastic behavior and yielding properties of silica suspensions was studied through creep-recovery and dynamic oscillatory tests with stress control. Then, the viscoelasticity of the pulps was correlated with the silica zeta potential, aggregate size, and the percentage of cations adsorbed on the surface of the ore. The results indicate that larger cations are more prone to adhere to the silica surface, which increases the number of ionic bonds that bind the particles. This generates stronger particle networks and a greater agglomeration of particles, especially those smaller than 10 µm. As the size of the bare cations increases, the rheological response provides higher values of yield stress, complex viscosity, and viscoelastic moduli, but in turn, pulps undergo minor deformations under the application of stress. Dynamic oscillatory tests suggest structural changes, with the phase angle following the inverse relationship with the bare cation size, indicating that the liquid-like character of the pulps increases as the size of the cations increases.


An apparatus based on a pendulum hanging around a revolving drum of ice was developed to measure the kinetic friction between a slider and an ice surface under conditions commonly experienced in ice skating (temperatures from -15 to -1°C and velocities from 0.2 to 10m s-1). The results are explained by a quantitative development of the frictional heating theory of Bowden & Hughes (1939): heat produced by friction raises the surface to its melting point and a small amount of water is produced which lubricates the contact area. The frictional heat used in melting is usually small; most of the heat flows from the contact area at the melting point into the slider and into the ice. This makes it possible to calculate the dependence of the coefficient of friction μ on the thermal conductivity of the slider, the ambient temperature and the velocity of sliding v, without considering the detailed mechanism that produces the frictional force. For sliders of mild steel and Perspex the main heat loss is through the ice and μ is hence proportional to the temperature below the melting point and to v-½. For these two materials the magnitude of the coefficient of friction is correctly calculated from measured and known parameters to within a factor of 2. The remaining discrepancy is probably mainly due to the difference between the real and apparent contact areas. For a copper slider the heat loss through the metal is about the same as that through the ice. There is no pressure melting in these experiments; the only effect of the lowering of the melting point by pressure is to reduce slightly the frictional heat needed to keep the contact area at the melting point. On the other hand, at temperatures above about -2°C pressure melting would be expected.


This study examines the impact of 'Teaching Proficiency through Reading and Storytelling' (TPRS) on students' grammar and vocabulary performance as well as their attitude toward learning English. The participants are 38 freshmen, 14 in experimental and 24 in control group, studying in the department of tourism and hospitality services of a 2-year vocational school at a state university in Turkey. A pre-test including grammar and vocabulary questions as well as an attitude questionnaire was used as pre-test and post-test in the beginning and end of a four-week intervention as the data gathering tool. TPRS technique was implemented for four sessions in the experimental group to teach target vocabulary and structures. While The Mann-Whitney U test was run to find out the differences between pre-test and post-test scores of control and experimental groups, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was employed to find out the differences between the pre-test and the post-test scores of experimental group. The results indicated that TPRS technique had positive impact on students' grammar and vocabulary performance as the students in the experimental group outperformed the ones in the control group in the post-test. TPRS technique was also found to be effective in creating positive attitudes toward learning English. Some implications to employ TPRS in English classes as well as suggestions for further research were also provided.


The understanding of causal chains and mechanisms is an essential part of any scientific activity that aims at better explanation of its subject matter, and better understanding of it. While any account of causality requires that a cause should precede its effect, accounts of causality inphysics are complicated by the fact that the role of time in current theoretical physics has evolved very substantially throughout the twentieth century. In this article, I review the status of time and causality in physics, both the classical physics of the nineteenth century, and modern physics based on relativity and quantum mechanics. I then move on to econometrics, with some mention of statistics more generally, and emphasise the role of models in making sense of causal notions, and their place in scientific explanation


This comprehensive and original philological study of the Chester cycle of biblical plays performed in the Middle Ages and Renaissance significantly modifies traditional views. The authors' four essays address the textual relationships, sources and influences, music, and development of the cycle. Also included are all known surviving external documents: edited and glossed transcripts, a new edition of the Chester banns," an annotated list of music cues, and a survey of stanza forms."Originally published in 1983.A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.


Before selecting genotypes for such quality characteristics as protein or amino acid contents, it is important to know how such selection is likely to affect yield. Using a diverse range of germplasm grown over seasons, locations and years, the relationships that exist between protein content, dye binding capacity (DBC) per unit protein (an estimate of the basic amino acids in protein), grain yield and grain size in pearl millet [P. americanum (L.) Leeke] were investigated. Protein content was estimated as total N ✕ 6.25, total N being measured with an automatic analyzer. Basic amino acid content was estimated using the Udy DBC technique. Grain yield and protein content were not significantly correlated and the relationship between grain yield and DBC/protein was nonsignificant and negative. The relationship between protein and DBC/protein was strongly negative. These results suggest that in pearl millet it should be possible to select for increased protein content or basic amino acid content (of which lysine is the most important) by monitoring levels of lysine and protein, respectively, without detrimental effect on grain yield or grain weight.


Mutations in ATP1A2, the gene coding for the Na+/K+-ATPase α2-subunit, are associated with both familial hemiplegic migraine and sporadic cases of hemiplegic migraine. In this study, we examined the functional properties of 11 ATP1A2 mutations associated with familial or sporadic hemiplegic migraine, including missense mutations (T263M, T376M, R383H, A606T, R763H, M829R, R834Q, R937P, and X1021R), a deletion mutant (del(K935-S940)ins(I)), and a frameshift mutation (S966fs). According to the Na+/K+-ATPase crystal structure, a subset of the mutated residues (Ala606, Arg763, Met829, and Arg834) is involved in important interdomain H-bond networks, and the C terminus of the enzyme, which is elongated by the X1021R mutation, has been implicated in voltage dependence and formation of a third Na+-binding site. Upon heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes, the analysis of electrogenic transport properties, Rb+ uptake, and protein expression revealed pronounced and markedly diverse functional alterations in all ATP1A2 mutants. Abnormalities included a complete loss of function (T376M), impaired plasma membrane expression (del(K935-S940)ins(I) and S966fs), and altered apparent affinities for extracellular cations or reduced enzyme turnover (R383H, A606T, R763H, R834Q, and X1021R). In addition, changes in the voltage dependence of pump currents and the increased rate constants of the voltage jump-induced redistribution between E1P and E2P states were observed. Thus, mutations that disrupt distinct interdomain H-bond patterns can cause abnormal conformational flexibility and exert long range consequences on apparent cation affinities or voltage dependence. Of interest, the X1021R mutation severely impaired voltage dependence and kinetics of Na+-translocating partial reactions, corroborating the critical role of the C terminus of Na+/K+-ATPase in these processes.


UNLABELLED
Clinicians raise several information needs in the course of care. Most of these needs can be met by online health knowledge resources such as UpToDate. However, finding relevant information in these resources often requires significant time and cognitive effort.

OBJECTIVE
To design and assess algorithms for extracting from UpToDate the sentences that represent the most clinically useful information for patient care decision making.

METHODS
We developed algorithms based on semantic predications extracted with SemRep, a semantic natural language processing parser. Two algorithms were compared against a gold standard composed of UpToDate sentences rated in terms of clinical usefulness.

RESULTS
Clinically useful sentences were strongly correlated with predication frequency (correlation= 0.95). The two algorithms did not differ in terms of top ten precision (53% vs. 49%; p=0.06).

CONCLUSIONS
Semantic predications may serve as the basis for extracting clinically useful sentences. Future research is needed to improve the algorithms.


Empirical research on the effects of differential business taxation across jurisdictions relies on the appropriate measurement of the burden of tax in each location. While numerous summary measures have been proposed and used in various contexts to make such comparisons, most fail to account for the full effects of each state's tax system and the interactions of state tax systems with both local and federal taxes. This paper addresses these issues and employs an approach used in recent state tax reform studies to measure tax burdens. The advantages of this \\"representative firm\\" approach over traditional measures are discussed, and its empirical significance is tested. ; The empirical properties of tax burdens measured via a representative firm are very different from simpler, conventional measures. Taxes are estimated to play a negligible role in decisions concerning where to locate capital investment. This result, coupled with recent results showing the responsiveness of sales and employment decisions to apportionment changes, is consistent with the hypothesis of the existence of a hierarchy of behavioral responses to tax changes.


Structuring the direction of national education brings learners ready to face the competition of global competition. Physical arrangement, the psychic's independence is continuously pursued. School counselors will continue to draw their duties and the nature altruistick attitude acts as a safety practitioner in dealing with cases - cases that occur in the school environment. Counselors as recruitment of competent and humanistic skills to support teaching philosophy that learners are given a role in the implementation of the curriculum. Teaching support, counselor to facilitator. To be a facilitator in the learning process skills possessed packed in one sense (sensitive, sympathetic, empathetic, altruistic). Humanistic counselor not possible to include constructivist instruction, either in the classroom or outside the classroom. School counselors are ready to get in on the issues of modern society (WTO, ASEAN, AFEC, AFTA, and MEA). The development of agrarian society that continues to erode into industrial society, impact on the lifestyle of learners How could materialize if the qualified graduates learners mentally shackled, depressed, causing the trauma of abuse in the mix, one in up bringing. Based on Act N0. 23 In 2002 the government explicitly states that every individual should have the opportunity to grow and develop, participate and, protection from discrimination. The reality often appears injustices and violations committed by unscrupulous teachers or peers. The government felt responsible and ensure that no children or learners received physical abuse, psychological. Abstract Structuring the direction of national education brings learners ready to face the competition of global competition. Physical arrangement, the psychic's independence is continuously pursued. School counselors will continue to draw their duties and the nature altruistick attitude acts as a safety practitioner in dealing with cases - cases that occur in the school environment. Counselors as recruitment of competent and humanistic skills to support teaching philosophy that learners are given a role in the implementation of the curriculum. Teaching support, counselor to facilitator. To be a facilitator in the learning process skills possessed packed in one sense (sensitive, sympathetic, empathetic, altruistic). Humanistic counselor not possible to include constructivist instruction, either in the classroom or outside the classroom. School counselors are ready to get in on the issues of modern society (WTO, ASEAN, AFEC, AFTA, and MEA). The development of agrarian society that continues to erode into industrial society, impact on the lifestyle of learners How could materialize if the qualified graduates learners mentally shackled, depressed, causing the trauma of abuse in the mix, one in up bringing. Based on Act N0. 23 In 2002 the government explicitly states that every individual should have the opportunity to grow and develop, participate and, protection from discrimination. The reality often appears injustices and violations committed by unscrupulous teachers or peers. The government felt responsible and ensure that no children or learners received physical abuse, psychological. Abstract Structuring the direction of national education brings learners ready to face the competition of global competition. Physical arrangement, the psychic's independence is continuously pursued. School counselors will continue to draw their duties and the nature altruistick attitude acts as a safety practitioner in dealing with cases - cases that occur in the school environment. Counselors as recruitment of competent and humanistic skills to support teaching philosophy that learners are given a role in the implementation of the curriculum. Teaching support, counselor to facilitator. To be a facilitator in the learning process skills possessed packed in one sense (sensitive, sympathetic, empathetic, altruistic). Humanistic counselor not possible to include constructivist instruction, either in the classroom or outside the classroom. School counselors are ready to get in on the issues of modern society (WTO, ASEAN, AFEC, AFTA, and MEA). The development of agrarian society that continues to erode into industrial society, impact on the lifestyle of learners How could materialize if the qualified graduates learners mentally shackled, depressed, causing the trauma of abuse in the mix, one in up bringing. Based on Act N0. 23 In 2002 the government explicitly states that every individual should have the opportunity to grow and develop, participate and, protection from discrimination. The reality often appears injustices and violations committed by unscrupulous teachers or peers. The government felt responsible and ensure that no children or learners received physical abuse, psychological.


The idea of the Pawlak's flow graphs is applicable to many problems in various fields related to decision algorithms or data mining. The flow graphs can be used also in the video surveillance systems. Especially in distributed multi-camera systems which are problematic to be handled by human operators because of their limited perception. In such systems automated video analysis needs to be implemented. Important part of this analysis is tracking object within a single camera and between cameras' fields of vision. One of element needed to re-identify the single real object besides object's visual features and spatiotemporal dependencies between cameras is a behaviour model. The flow graph after some modifications, is a suitable data structure, which concept is based on the rough set theory, to contained as a behaviour model in it. Additionally, the flow graph can be used to predict the future movement of given object. In this paper a survey of authors research works related to employing flowgraphs in video surveillance systems is contained. The flow graph creation based on the paths of objects inside supervised area will presented. Moreover, a method of building a probability tree on the basis of the flow graph and a method for adapting the flowgraph to the changing topology of the camera network are also discussed.


The study has explored the risk scenario via geospatial mapping of temporal transmission trend of COVID-19 in 77 districts of Nepal focusing on the district-wise risk analyses based on present active cases, population density and land entry points from neighboring countries In overall, low to very high risk zones have been identified Jhapa, Morang and Sunsari districts of Province 1;Dhanusa, Mahottari, Sarlahi, Rautahat, Bara and Parsa districts of Province 2;Kathmandu district of Bagmati Province, Nawalparasi West, Rupandehi, Kapilbastu and Banke districts of Province 5, as well as Kailali of Sudurpanchim Province are identified to have very high risk for COVID-19 spread The rapid growth in the number of cases has made many districts remarkably susceptible to the infection The vulnerability analysis has been then followed by identification of agriculture hotspots across the country in terms of major crops 42 districts with moderate to high crop productivities have been recognized as being not in very high risk zones where the government should allow farmers to do their agriculture activities with well-maintained social distance and other safety precautions The results when combined would suggest an urgent decision by the Government for gradual lockdown relaxation for agro-economic reinstatement what is commonly called the latent comparative advantage for Nepalese economy after tourism


This article presents an empirical test of wage differentials associated with flextime, by gender, stated motivation for using flextime, industry, and major occupation. The test implicitly compares the relative strengths of two opposing effects: a negative compensating wage differential resulting from workers' preferences for flextime and a positive wage differential associated with higher productivity of workers on flextime attributed to what economists call the "efficiency wage hypothesis." Although previous studies have found evidence that flextime increases both productivity and workers' satisfaction, scant evidence has emerged thus far regarding the net quantitative or qualitative impact of these factors on equilibrium wages. One exception is an article by Nancy Johnson and Keith Provan, who applied a similar test to a much smaller data set and found flextime to be positively associated with wages for professional women, negatively associated with wages for nonprofessional women, and not significantly associated with wages for men. Johnson and Provan's sample totaled 258, obtained by survey from within a single State. The study reported in the current article, by contrast, uses nationwide samples of more than 5,000 workers, obtained from the U.S. Current Population Survey (CPS) supplement, "Multiple Job Holding, Flexitime, and Volunteer Work," for 1989 and 1997. In addition to estimating aggregate wage effects by gender in each year, the article estimates the flextime wage differential associated with specific reasons each worker reportedly preferred flextime in 1989. (Reasons for choosing flextime were not reported in 1997, preventing a comparison with that year.) Also estimated is the flextime wage differential associated with specific industries and specific major occupations for 1997. (Again, in 1989, the number of workers on flextime in particular occupations and industries was too small to draw a meaningful comparison with the later year.) Results of the study indicate that flextime is associated with significantly higher wages overall. The size of the flextime wage differential for women is stable across the years 1989 and 1997 and is similar to the 1997 estimate for men. However, the 1989 flextime wage differential for men is much smaller than in 1997 and is not significantly different from zero. This finding suggests that the pattern of compensation has evolved in a similar direction for both male and female workers, but it evolved later for men. The more detailed regressions for 1989 find that the only stated reason for desiring flextime associated with a significant wage differential among women is transportation. Among men, flextime taken for personal reasons is associated Wage differentials associated with flextime


Mutations in the JAG1 gene and the NOTCH2 gene cause Alagille syndrome. At present, however, genetic testing of Alagille syndrome is not commonly applied in clinical settings because the currently available assays are technically and financially demanding, mainly because of the size of the genes. In the present study, we optimized the highly sensitive and specific mutation scanning method automated denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) to analyze the entire coding region of JAG1 and NOTCH2. The coding region was amplified by 69 primer pairs, all of which have the same cycling conditions, aliquoted on a 96-well format PCR plate. In this manner, all the exons were simultaneously amplified using a single block in a thermal cycler. We then wrote a computer script to analyze each segment of JAG1 and NOTCH2 by DHPLC in a serial manner using conditions that were optimized for each amplicon. The implementation of this screening method for JAG1 and NOTCH2 will help medical geneticists confirm their clinical impressions and provide accurate genetic counseling to the patients with Alagille syndrome and their families.


Gradient annealing experiments of a near-eutectic AlCu30 alloy with artificial stirring induced by a rotating magnetic field (RMF) of 6 mT were performed. The specific surface area of the primary phase was measured on metallographic sections perpendicular to the sample axis with a fixed amount of fraction solid. The variation of the specific surface area with fluid flow is compared to flow free experiments: the specific surface area varies as the inverse cube root of annealing time if no RMF is applied, but varies as an inverse forth root at 6 mT. The experimental procedure and results are presented in detail and discussed with models of convective coarsening of dendrites.


To examine the effects of family support and demographics on suicidal behavior, 385 subjects completed a demographic questionnaire and a Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ). Sixteen percent described themselves as "serious" ideators, while 59% were seen as ideators, numbers consistent with past suicide research. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the type of caregiver a person reported having while growing up accounted for a significant amount of the variance on ideator status. Serious ideators were more common among single parent house holds. Although many demographic variables were assessed, only the primary caregiver a person had as a child impacted their status as a suicidal ideator. This suggests that suicidal behaviors may occur due to a complex interaction between social factors and childhood care. The influence of living in a single-parent home may contribute to whether or not a person considers suicide.


1. Females of Nasonia vitripennis cannot distinguish newly parasitized hosts from unparasitized ones but after 60 hr parasitization the parasitized puparia are rejected as oviposition sites. 2. The sheath and stylets of the ovipositor have nerves passing down their canals leading to several types of receptor at the tip of the ovipositor shaft. 3. Differences are detectable in the chemical composition of host haemolymph after 3 days parasitization as compared with the unparasitized condition. These may be the factors bringing about discrimination.


Acoustic seafloor measurements with multibeam echosounders (MBESs) are currently often used for submarine habitat mapping, but the MBESs are usually not acoustically calibrated for backscattering strength (BBS) and cannot be used to infer absolute seafloor angular dependence. We present a study outlining the calibration and showing absolute backscattering strength values measured at a frequency of 150 kHz at around 10–20 m water depth. After recording bathymetry, the co-registered backscattering strength was corrected for true incidence and footprint reverberation area on a rough and tilted seafloor. Finally, absolute backscattering strength angular response curves (ARCs) for several seafloor types were constructed after applying sonar backscattering strength calibration and specific water column absorption for 150 kHz correction. Thus, we inferred specific 150 kHz angular backscattering responses that can discriminate among very fine sand, sandy gravel, and gravelly sand, as well as between bare boulders and boulders partially overgrown by red algae, which was validated by video ground-truthing. In addition, we provide backscatter mosaics using our algorithm (BBS-Coder) to correct the angle varying gain (AVG). The results of the work are compared and discussed with the published results of BBS measurements in the 100–400 kHz frequency range. The presented results are valuable in extending the very sparse angular response curves gathered so far and could contribute to a better understanding of the dependence of backscattering on the type of bottom habitat and improve their acoustic classification.


In this study, optimal dynamic response control of a forced Mindlin-type beam is studied. The beam under consideration, which consists of central host layer and two piezoelectric patch actuators bonded on perfectly to both sides of the beam. It is assumed that the beam is subject to the forcing function, initially at rest and undeformed. Hence, a forced Mindlin-type beam is considered for active vibration control. For this aim, well-posedness and controllability of the system are presented. Performance index functional to be minimized by using minimum level of control voltage consists of a weighted quadratic functions of displacement and velocity of the beam and also includes a quadratic functional of the control function as a penalty term. In order to obtain the optimal control function, an adjoint variable satisfying the adjoint equation corresponding to state equation is defined. A maximum principle is introduced and optimal control function is obtained by means of maximum principle. It is not sensible to use the Linear Quadratic Regulator and Linear Quadratic Gaussian methods to solve the control problem in this paper since the equation under consideration also includes Heaviside function and its spatial derivatives due to existence of piezoelectric patch actuators. Therefore, maximum principle is employed in the present paper Also, by using maximum principle, control problem is reduced to solving a system of partial differential equations including state, adjoint variables, which are linked by initial, boundary and terminal conditions. The solution of this system is obtained by using MATLAB. Numerical results are presented in tables and graphical forms to demonstrate the effectiveness and capability of the introduced control algorithm.


Loose sand, blown away from source regions by winds, is transported across Mars's surface into sand sheets and dunes and accumulates within topographic sinks. In the absence of plate tectonics, impact craters constitute a dominant sink for windblown sediments on Mars today. We analyzed the volume of all mapped eolian sands in martian craters >1 km in diameter to reveal spatiotemporal patterns of sediment accumulation on the planet's surface. We combined our results with global climate simulations, maps of depth to the ice table and dust cover, as well as lithologic and age information of the underlying geologic units, to better understand the controls on intracrater sand accumulation rates. We find that crater age, latitude, and lithology influence the accumulation rate of windblown sand and, notably, that it is enhanced in mechanically weaker substrates, high-latitude craters (suggesting that modern cryogenic processes may enhance sand production), and in Late Noachian and Early Hesperian craters (possibly hinting at increased erosion rates at that time).


Conceptualizing and Testing the Model of Ambidextrous Leadership: Evidence from a Multi-Method Research Study DaHee Shon While leaders are constantly called to manage conflicting priorities in today's fastchanging environments, there is little research that examines how leaders can effectively explore new opportunities while simultaneously exploiting current advantages. Yet, management researchers have long shown that organizations that are ambidextrous—by balancing exploration and exploitation activities—are more innovative and successful. However, this concept of ambidexterity has not been investigated at the leadership level to a great extent, which poses limited practical implications for organizations. Further, there has been a lack of clarity around what constitutes and how to operationalize ambidexterity in the literature. The current research attempts to address these gaps by proposing a preliminary model of ambidextrous leadership. This model is then embedded in a leadership process model to help understand the underlying process of what may predict and result from ambidextrous leadership. The pilot and Study 1 leveraged self-report and experimental vignette survey methods, and the results from these studies provided preliminary evidence for the validity of the two constructs, exploration and exploitation. The results also demonstrated the impact of a promotion and prevention regulatory focus on exploration and exploitation, respectively, while showing almost no support for the effects of switching on leadership perceptions. The results from Study 2—which leveraged CEOs' letters to shareholders in the annual reports of S&P 500 companies— provided limited support for the positive effects of achieving high levels of exploration and exploitation compared to being high on only one of them or low on both. Finally, based on the findings from three studies, theoretical and practical implications are discussed.


The use of fly ashes for cement-replacement purposes, especially in high volumes, decreases rate of early strength development of the steam curing concrete. To resolve it, this paper developed a new steam-cured concrete incorporating fly ash and a chemical activator (gypsum). Experiments were conducted to investigate the mechanical properties at early and later ages of steam and standard curing concretes. The corresponding mechanism was also discussed by testing the microstructure of concretes. Results indicate that the demoulding compressive strength of steam curing concrete with 4% gypsum dosage can meet production requirements, and compressive strength of this concrete at later ages increase well. Compared with that of ordinary pure cement steam-cured concrete, concrete with 4% gypsum has a higher compressive strength gain rate. At an early age, addition of the gypsum can distinctly accelerate the extent of hydration of the steam curing fly ash cement systems, and thus the microstructure of concrete becomes denser. However, in standard curing condtion, the effect of gypsum is not distinct.


Therapeutic teleplay focuses on the use of personal augmentative devices (PADs), exploratory agents to enable tele-interaction, evaluation, and development of abilities in children with severe disabilities. The child controls the remote agent to accomplish a variety of cognitive and motor developmental tasks. Human factor challenges include optimizing the human-technology interface by using physiological signals to control the device, mapping the actions of the remote agent to the inputs of the user, and providing appropriate multisensory feedback to the user.


Context The work is being done in a level 3 neonatal unit providing intensive care for babies with surgical, cardiac, ENT and other complex problems requiring both neonatal and paediatric specialist input. All infants admitted between December 2010 and June 2014 with central lines (CL) and those that were sited during the admission period were included. Problem There were concerns among staff regarding high rate of CLABSI and lack of standardised management of CL. This was resulting in increased morbidity and length of stay. Assessment of problem and analysis of its causes The baseline CLABSI rate was quantified in the first 4 months by monitoring infection in all infants with CL. CLABSI was identified using pre-defined criteria. Champions were identified from all staff groups and a multidisciplinary team was formed. The practice of line insertion and maintenance; and published literature was reviewed to identify potential problems and areas for improvement. An improvement project charter was developed describing the aims and objectives, components of the care bundle and plan for measuring and monitoring of processes and outcomes. Intervention The intervention was a care bundle comprising of 1) line trolley with standardised equipment 2) hand hygiene 3) standardised checklist of techniques for aseptic insertion and maintenance of CL 4) daily review of need for CL. Study design The study was designed using improvement methodology. A base line rate of CLABSI per 1000 central line days (CLD) was monitored monthly during the first four months, followed by implementation of care bundle and monthly monitoring of CLABSI rates for rest of the study period. Strategy for change Through teaching sessions and meetings, all staff were informed of the base line CLABSI rates and the proposal to initiate an improvement project. Structured education and training was carried out by the champions in the multidisciplinary group. Every month, a consultant neonatologist and clinical scientist in microbiology reviewed the infections for diagnosing CLABSI. Data is displayed in the unit to feedback to the staff. The initial timescale for change was 4 months. Measurement of improvement The measurement for improvement was done through monitoring process and outcome measures. The process measures monitored were compliance with 1) hand hygiene 2) using insertion and maintenance checklists 3) changing of dressings on surgically inserted CL once a week 3) changing of hubs twice a week and 4) removing lines when not required. The data was analysed using Statistical Process Charts. Run charts were used for process measures and control charts were used for outcome measures. Between December 2010 and June 2014, 350 children had 571 central lines during their stay. Of these, 315 were peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC), 161 were surgically inserted central catheters (SICC) and 95 umbilical lines. Together they amounted to 12,204 CLD. There were 53 CLABSI resulting in the overall rate of 4.3/1000 CLD. However, the base line rate between December 2010 and March 2011 was 8.3/1000 CLD and post intervention the rate has fallen to 3.7/1000 CLD (Figure 1). Abstract G540(P) Figure 1 Rate of Central line associated blood stream infection per 1000 central line days Effects of changes The CLABSI rate was reduced by 55%. It could be inferred that in a similar proportion of patients it may have reduced the morbidity and length of stay. It is suggested that each CLABSI increases the length of stay by 3 weeks and cost of care by £10 000. Due to problems with person dependency, CLABSI rate increased in the second year but once this issue was addressed, improvement was regained. Lessons learnt We learnt to avoid person dependency and build CL surveillance into routine daily work. Message for others Through this project we demonstrated that improvement methodology has a potential role in ensuring reliable delivery of evidence based medicine and improving outcomes.


SUMMARY: Ageing, chilling, and media containing suitable concentrations of glycine were found to stimulate the production of L-forms in cultures of Haemophilus pertussis. Stained with Giemsa these L-forms are morphologically similar to the L-forms of many other bacilli produced by similar stimuli. Serologically the L-and bacillary forms appearto be related. The suggestion is put forward that the small round red form is a 'resistant' form of H. pertussis and reverts to the rod by passing through the stages characteristic of the L-cycle.


The story of the universal flood described in Genesis 6-9 continues to exercise its fascination, and two more books devoted to that story have appeared. They have in common that neither is much concerned with historical events, but there the similarity between them ends. P. J. Harland's study, The Value of Human Life: a Study of the Story of the Flood (Genesis 6-9) (SVT 64, Brill, 1996, n.p., pp. xiv + 245, ISBN 90-04-10534-4), originated as a Durham PhD thesis. Its origin is clear from the characteristic concern that every possibly relevant source should be noted; and the clear influence of the supervisor, R. W. L. Moberly, in the concern to draw theological lessons from the Genesis material. Harland accepts conventional source analysis of these chapters, and his method is to consider the treatment of the different stages of the flood by J, then by P, then by the final form of the text. The themes explored are the causes of the flood; the righteousness of Noah; God's repentance; creation, uncreation and recreation ; restoration; the issues raised by Gen 9:1-7; and finally the image of God. The underlying issue is the value of human life when lived in accordance with the divine purpose, and the problems that arise, for both God and humanity, when that purpose is thwarted. Overall, there is little here with which one would disagree, but the book seems, for better or worse, to be rather far removed from contemporary concerns in the study of Genesis. Harland is a young scholar from whom we shall hope to hear more. Norman Cohn is 82, and has long been known as an explorer of some strange scholarly byways. Some curiosities certainly emerge in his Noah's Flood: The Genesis Story in Western Thought (Yale University Press, 1996, £19.95, pp. 150, ISBN 0-300-06823-9). He touches lightly on the Mesopotamian origins of the flood


Accounting for financial instruments has been under discussion since more than 20 years. Especially the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and its predecessor has been seeking to develop an accounting solution that allows entities to better depict dynamic risk management in their financial statements, for example in the context of interest rate risk managed by a bank's treasury department. Portfolios being hedged as open and dynamic groups for economic purposes are currently forced into closed and static hedges for accounting purposes. This leads to a periodical need for re-designations, thereby introducing complexity as well as ineffectiveness (cf. IFRS Foundation (ed.) (2010), p. 2). On April 17th 2014, the IASB published the Discussion Paper (DP) on Accounting for Dynamic Risk Management: a Portfolio Revaluation Approach to Macro Hedging as a next step in relation to its Dynamic Risk Management Project.
The DP contains an entirely new accounting concept for dynamic risk management, namely the Portfolio Revaluation Approach (PRA). According to this concept, dynamically managed positions included in the PRA would be revalued for changes in the managed risk through profit and loss while risk management instruments would be measured at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL). The net effect on profit and loss of both measurements would capture the overall success of an entity's dynamic risk management. The DP also contains further significant elements, for example elements of behaviouralisation which are common practice in risk management but challenging to display within an accounting framework.
From publication in April until October 17th 2014 the public was invited to submit comment letters and thereby answer up to 26 questions posted by the IASB. During this period 123 letters were submitted which are publicly available at the IASB's website.
Despite some publications summarizing commentators' aggregated views as well as brief descriptions of reasoning regarding the important topics (on this see for example Hori, H./Ah Kun, A. (2015), there was not created sufficient transparency on the outcome of this comment period. This research paper aims to contribute to further transparency by analyzing all submitted comment letters with respect to the most significant questions. On the one hand, this analysis will be conducted quantitatively by stating clearly the outcome of these questions, thereby carving out respondents' preponderant views. On the other hand, major arguments will comprehensively be discussed, especially where views differ.


In this report, high speed bus communication alternatives in high levels of EMI are investigated. The intended target is a weld system consisting of several parts where one is a power source. Weld power sources are subject to safety regulations regarding electrical safety. Therefore electronic communication between different ground potential regions are subject to high isolation requirements. Hardware, protocol and software application aspects are evaluated using theoretical investigations and practical evaluations. Communication links with hard and soft real time requirements are investigated, with a focus on low total system cost. Cheap Plastic Optical Fiber links and Fast Ethernet links were evaluated in a lab setup with regards to the electrical, link speed and real time requirements. Software protocol handling was optimized for the embedded target system. Laboratory evaluations indicated that the use of copper Ethernet was possible with regards to EMI. The use of cheap Plastic Optical Fiber links also provide sufficient data rate, while at the same time providing high galvanic isolation and EMI immunity.


There are several different regulating documents that are supposed to control Swedish schools in an anti-discriminating way, such as the Discrimination Act and policies for Equal Opportunities and Fair treatment, but discrimination of LGBTQ-students is still a part of school environments (Brottsforebyggande radet, 2015). There has been a lot of research done that has tried to draw upon the daily struggles of these students within school environments in Sweden, my master thesis included (Johansson, 2015). In the middle of November 2015, Sweden obtained its first LGTBQ-certified upper secondary school, a kind of certification that has become more and more popular during the last decade in other types of organizations. It's a 16 hour education spread throughout 1 year to withhold the certification, where the entire school staff is educated in anti-oppressive methods both through the organization of the school and the interaction with students (RFSL, 2015). Since this certification is a relatively new part of the discourse of anti-discrimination within school, I find it interesting to examine. I ask myself why we need this. Shouldn't the current regulating documents be enough? Why do the schools feel the need to do it? What may the motif behind the certification be? Why now? The issue has been a school issue for a long time, the certification of other organizations has been done the last decade. The aim of this study is to elucidate and analyze the speech of LBGTQ-certifications of Swedish schools and also investigate its possible consequences. To attempt in straightening my question marks, I want to try to answer another set of questions, namely; i) How is the LGBTQ-certification expressed? ii) What meaning is given these certifications? and iii) What may the consequences be?The approach to these questions will be a critical discourse analysis. Critical discourse analysis is an interdisciplinary approach to the study of discourse that views language as a form of social practice. Linguistic practice and social practice constitute one another and focus on investigating how societal power relations are established and reinforced through language use. The study object will be the anti-discriminating discourse with a focus on the speech of the LGBTQ-certifications, both the documents from the certifiers and the speech of the certified schools. Using Faircloughs (1992) model of critical discourse analysis, I want to elucidate and analyze the texts creating the certifications, the anti-discriminating discourse practices used through the certification and also try to problematize and discuss their possible consequences in the social practices within Swedish schools. The analysis will be conducted through concepts of performativity and nonperformativity which is aimed to show how repetition and a practice within discourses do or do not produce what they're actually speaking of. When speech of for example anti-discrimination circulates within an institution it can create an illusion that the speech follows or is followed by action. Sometimes these speech acts may hide the fact that the speech, in this case "we are LGBT-certified", doesn't necessarily result in any action what so ever.The discourse of LGBT-certification, as a part of the anti-discriminating discourse, is written and expressed through the framework of social justice and equality and equity for all. To be LGBT-certified is something that schools of Sweden is supposed to be proud over. The institutional speech act of "We're LGBT-certified" though is something that could be suspected becoming a non-performative, expressed but not followed by action and therefore not handling the issues constituting the very existence of these certifications. However, it is fair to say that the certification will lead to some sort of action, since its' supposed to give the staff of the school a new approach. If so, the action due to the certification is also interesting to explore. What possible consequences could this new approach lead to?


The clinical diagnosis of cocaine abuse is more difficult than previously recognized. The laboratory can play an important role in helping identify cocaine abusers and also in monitoring the progress of their recovery. An overview of the role of the laboratory is presented with the goal of optimizing the clinician's ability to apply available technology in an efficient manner. Various chromatographic and competitive binding techniques for the detection of cocaine and its metabolites in biological fluids are discussed and limits of each technique is identified. The cases of false negative and false positive results are explored and an approach to maximize benefits and economics of testing is described.


This article reflects on Vygotsky's theory of knowledge construction by nursing professionals. In the Vygotskian approach, persons are seen as agents who transform and are transformed by the social relationships of a particular culture, or more specifically by the life-long dialectical interaction of human beings and their social and cultural environments. The theory of constructivism seeks to explain the modification of an individual's knowledge strategy throughout his or her life. The constructivist ideas advocated by Vygotsky may represent an alternative method for theoretical and practical health studies, particularly in relation to the subjective dimension of nursing staff collective work.


Today, we o perate in a networked world, where organizations frequently resort to offshoring, such that work gets accomplished by a globally distributed workforce, whether inside or outside the organizational boundaries. Much of the past research on offshoring has focused on economic rationale and benefits as well as risks associated with offshoring. Offshoring leverages human capital in different parts of the globe, and the issues of WLC (WLC) faced by offshorin g workforce issues can have substantial impact on the effectiveness of the offshoring arrangements. In spite of this, WLC in the context of offshoring has not received the attention it deserves. In this paper, based on responses from global software development (GSD) professionals based in Europe and India, we examine the key individual-based, family-based, and orga nization-based factors that can potentially have an impact on IT workers' WLC. Further, we investigate the impact on WLC on outcome variables such as the workers' job satisfaction as well as valence regarding working in offshoring environments in the future. Some interesting differences in factors relevant to workers in Europe and India emerge from our analysis.


This paper introduced a novel, simple and ef-fective method to extract the general feature of two surface EMG (electromyography) signal patterns: forearm supination (FS) surface EMG signal and forearm pronation (FP) surface EMG signal. After surface EMG (SEMG) signal was decomposed to the fourth resolution level with wavelet packet transform (WPT), its whole scaling space (with frequencies in the interval (0Hz, 500Hz]) was divided into16 frequency bands (FB). Then wavelet coefficient entropy (WCE) of every FB was calculated and corre-spondingly marked with WCE(n) (from the nth FB, n=1,2,…16). Lastly, some WCE(n) were chosen to form WCE feature vector, which was used to distinguish FS surface EMG signals from FP surface EMG signals. The result showed that the WCE feather vector consisted of WCE(7) (187.25Hz, 218.75Hz) and WCE(8) (218.75Hz, 250Hz) can more effectively recog-nize FS and FP patterns than other WCE feature vector or the WPT feature vector which was gained by the combination of WPT and principal components analysis.


This paper is about social investment funds as a tool for directing financial means for welfare services supplied by local authorities. The empirical context is a municipality in Sweden. Through the fund social welfare agencies can get investment loans through which innovations in welfare services may be developed and integrated into the organizational practices. The aim of the paper is to contribute with an understanding of significant organizational conditions for the development of multiplier effect of social investment in a municipal context. The result highlights the importance of (1) a project manager with a focus on method development, (2) learning and transformation of method development into multiplier effects, and (3) management that direct attention toward the creation of multiplier effects.


The variation in environmental scattering background is a major source of systematic errors in X-ray inspection and measurement systems. As the energy of these photons consisting of environmental scattering background is much lower generally, the Cerenkov detectors having the detection threshold are likely insensitive to them and able to exclude their influence. A thickness measurement experiment is designed to verify the idea by employing a Cerenkov detector and an ionizing chamber for comparison. Furthermore, it is also found that the application of the Cerenkov detectors is helpful to exclude another systematic error from the variation of low energy components in the spectrum incident on the detector volume.


The objective of this study is to try to answer the question of how to manage quality of service (QoS) in open-distributed processing (ODP)-based distributed multimedia applications. To reach this goal, an overview of the basic characteristics of distributed multimedia applications is given. Their QoS constraints are then specified in the ODP framework of abstraction. The role and the position of QoS management in ODP are shown by a joint editing sample.<<ETX>>


Cryptic species represent a substantial fraction of the diversity of Drosophilidae, hampering studies on species ecologies and their evolution. Anthophilous species within the Drosophila lutzii group encompass some of the most widely distributed Neotropical lineages. Nevertheless, their ranges, ecologies, divergence times, and phylogenetic relationships are largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the cryptic diversity of the lutzii species complex occurring in Southern Brazil and shed light on the ecological and evolutionary processes underlying their current patterns of coexistence. We used an integrative approach, evaluating molecular, ecological, and morphological traits under an evolutionary ecology framework. We documented the unexpected occurrence of D. alei in Southern Brazil, whose range was only known for the Andean region. Our phylogenetic analysis indicated that despite morphological similarities, D. alei is more closely related to D. denieri than to D. lutzii, and that divergence among these three species dates back to the Neogene (7.3 Mya). Niche modeling suggests that D. denieri and D. lutzii populations expanded their ranges and were established in Southern Brazil during the Quaternary (150 kya), being affected by similar paleoclimatic events. On the other hand, D. alei shows distinct abiotic requirements than D. denieri and D. lutzii, and environmental distribution models suggested a significant reduction in its suitable areas during the Quaternary, especially in Southern Brazil. This suggests that the current sympatry observed in this region likely reflects a secondary contact between the three species resulting from niche divergence processes. Altogether, these results advance the understanding of the distribution and phylogenetic relationships of Neotropical anthophilous Drosophila, revealing the interplay between ecological and historical factors in their speciation.


In order to model the designer's autonomous real-time task scheduling behavior and use it in the agent-based product development process simulation, this paper constructed an agent's benefit function in which task urgency, task importance, agent individual preference, and recovery time are considered. To validate and show applications of the benefit function in agent-based product development process simulation, some comparative simulation experiments are carried out in a case study. The result shows that the simulation analysis based on the benefit function can help an organization identify reasonable scheduling behaviors in the collaborative and complex product development process.


Abstract While housing can facilitate many of the freedoms associated with a 'well-lived' life, the Capabilities Approach (CA) is yet to have transformed housing research and evaluation. This paper explores the relationship between housing conditions and well-being, using Nussbaum's version of the CA as the basis for analysis. It draws on data from a UK-based qualitative study of the experiences of individuals residing in privately-run hostels in the North of England. The analysis reveals much diversity in terms of the ways in which the residents perceived their housing conditions and the impacts of these on their exercise of key functions, despite all living in similar environmental conditions. This highlights the highly subjective and complex nature of the relationship between housing conditions and well-being. It is argued that a more robust understanding of the key factors that mediate the relationship being investigated is needed if the potential of the CA to advance housing research and evaluation is to be further realized.


The flavor democracy hypothesis (or, in other words, democratic mass matrix approach) was introduced in seventies taking in mind three Standard Model (SM) families. Later, this idea was disfavored by the large value of the t‐quark mass. In nineties the hypothesis was revisited assuming that extra SM families exist. According to flavor democracy the fourth SM family should exist and there are serious arguments disfavoring the fifth SM family. The fourth SM family quarks lead to essential enhancement of the Higgs boson production cross‐section at hadron colliders and the Tevatron can discover the Higgs boson before the LHC, if it mass is between 140 and 200 GeV. Then, one can handle "massless" Dirac neutrinos without see‐saw mechanism. Concerning BSM physics, flavor democracy leads to several consequences: tanβ ≈ mt/mb ≈ 40 if there are three MSSM families; super‐partner of the right‐handed neutrino can be the LSP; relatively light E(6)‐inspired isosinglet quark etc. Finally, flavor democracy may give oppor...


This article introduces a new set of estimates of average weekly age- and sex-specific earnings paid at each year of age between 13 and 60 years of age to males and females employed in the British cotton industry between 1833 and 1906. As one example of the use of the estimates, the article shows how the estimates provide insights into changes in the male/female earnings gap in one key industrial group of workers in Victorian Britain. An appendix provides estimates of the population-weighted average weekly full-time money earnings of British cotton operatives, in pence per week, by sex, of the age groups:


This work takes a look at computer vision and graphics as interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary fields. Computer vision and graphics belong to the wide area of imaging but acquired their scientific autonomy with their own needs, goals, and methods. These two have brought many methodological contributions in interaction with physics, applied mathematics, etc. New concepts and paradigms were established and partly solved. They belong to the core of the two fields. They also generated a lot of important applications with societal impacts and, in turn, these targets led to new theoretical issues. This way, they reinforced their place as autonomous disciplines and investigated new research spaces. Computer vision and computer graphics have influenced the development of new sensing/actuating technologies as well. Therefore, their identification as such has been beneficial over the last decades, and trying to unify them very likely would be counterproductive in the short term for the many applications they address. This work discusses a key area where major examples can be found - medical applications.


In this study, a knowledge-based fuzzy classification method was used to classify possible soil-landforms in urban areas based on analysis of morphometric parameters (terrain attributes) derived from digital elevation models (DEMs). A case study in the city area of Berlin was used to compare two different resolution DEMs in terms of their potential to find a specific relationship between landforms, soil types and the suitability of these DEMs for soil mapping. Almost all the topographic parameters were obtained from high-resolution light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-DEM (1 m) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER)-DEM (30 m), which were used as thresholds for the classification of landforms in the selected study area with a total area of about 39.40 km2. The accuracy of both classifications was evaluated by comparing ground point samples as ground truth data with the classification results. The LiDAR-DEM based classification has shown promising results for classification of landforms into geomorphological (sub)categories in urban areas. This is indicated by an acceptable overall accuracy of 93%. While the classification based on ASTER-DEM showed an accuracy of 70%. The coarser ASTER-DEM based classification requires additional and more detailed information directly related to soil-forming factors to extract geomorphological parameters. The importance of using LiDAR-DEM classification was particularly evident when classifying landforms that have narrow spatial extent such as embankments and channel banks or when determining the general accuracy of landform boundaries such as crests and flat lands. However, this LiDAR-DEM classification has shown that there are categories of landforms that received a large proportion of the misclassifications such as terraced land and steep embankments in other parts of the study area due to the increased distance from the major rivers and the complex nature of these landforms. In contrast, the results of the ASTER-DEM based classification have shown that the ASTER-DEM cannot deal with small-scale spatial variation of soil and landforms due to the increasing human impacts on landscapes in urban areas. The application of the approach used to extract terrain parameters from the LiDAR-DEM and their use in classification of landforms has shown that it can support soil surveys that require a lot of time and resources for traditional soil mapping.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the feasibility and efficacy of two interventions for improving adherence to antiretroviral therapy regimens in HIV-infected subjects compared with a control intervention.

DESIGN
Randomized, controlled, pilot study.

SETTING
Department of Veterans Affairs HIV clinic and community-based HIV clinical trials site.

PARTICIPANTS
Fifty-five HIV-infected subjects on stable antiretroviral therapy regimens. Subjects were predominantly male (89%) and African American (69%), and had histories of heroin or cocaine use (80%).

INTERVENTIONS
Four weekly sessions of either nondirective inquiries about adherence (control group, C), cue-dose training, which consisted of the use of personalized cues for remembering particular dose times, and feedback about medication taking using Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS) pill bottle caps, which record time of bottle opening (CD group), or cue-dose training combined with cash reinforcement for correctly timed bottle opening (CD+CR).

MEASUREMENTS
Opening of the pill bottle within 2 hours before or after a predetermined time was measured by MEMS.

RESULTS
Adherence to the medication as documented by MEMS was significantly enhanced during the 4-week training period in the CD+CR group, but not in the CD group, compared with the control group. Improvement was also seen in adherence to antiretroviral drugs that were not the object of training and reinforcement. Eight weeks after training and reinforcement were discontinued, adherence in the cash-reinforced group returned to near-baseline levels.

CONCLUSIONS
Cue-dose training with cash reinforcement led to transient improvement in adherence to antiretroviral therapy in a population including mostly African Americans and subjects with histories of drug abuse. However, we were not able to detect any sustained improvement beyond the active training period, and questions concerning the timing and duration of such an intervention require further study. Randomized, controlled clinical studies with objective measures of adherence can be conducted in HIV-infected subjects and should be employed for further evaluation of this and other adherence interventions.


During service, TBC can suffer degradation by CMAS, FOD, erosion or spallation. Whereas the first three are due to foreign particles, the last one is related to thermal cycling. When subjected to high temperature exposures followed by rapid coolings under oxidizing conditions, a TBC system undergoes morphological changes and stress development. This will initiate cracks which propagate and finally lead to failure by spallation. Consequently, the aim of the present study is to understand better the mechanisms responsible for such spallation events. Two kinds of TBC systems with different bond coatings (NiCoCrAlYTa or Pt-modified nickel aluminide bond coatings) are thermally cycled. Subsequently, SEM investigations on TBC systems after spallation concentrate on failure path, defect, morphological and microstructural changes to propose way for improving TBC system lifetime.


Three nickel(II) complexes of 5,5-diethlybarbiturate (barb) with (2-aminomethyl)pyridine (ampy), (2-aminoethyl)pyridine (aepy), and (2-hydroxyethyl)pyridine (hepy), [Ni(barb-N)2(ampy)2] (1), [Ni(barb-N,O)(aepy)2](barb) · H2O (2), and [Ni(barb-O) 2(hepy)] · 2H2O (3), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, thermal analysis, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. All complexes are mononuclear with nickel(II) exhibiting an octahedral coordination. Ampy, aepy, and hepy are bidentate chelating ligands, while barb shows different coordination modes. In 1, two barb ligands are N-bonded, whereas in 3 they are O -coordinated through one carbonyl oxygen. In 2, one barb is bidentate chelating, while the second barb remains outside the coordination sphere as a counterion. The molecules of 1–3 are bridged by multiple hydrogen bonds to generate 1-D or 2-D supramolecular networks. All complexes are fluorescent due to π–π* transitions.


Introduction: Overall survival of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) remains poor. Oxidative stress is one of the major risk factors associated with mortality in this patient group. As glutathione S-transferases (GST) are well-established antioxidants, we hypothesized that a model including GST gene polymorphisms, oxidative damage byproducts and cell adhesion markers has a prognostic role in ESRD patient survival. Methods: A prospective study of 199 patients with ESRD on haemodialysis was conducted. GST genotype, oxidative stress byproducts and cell adhesion molecules were measured in plasma. Multivariate Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were performed to test the predictive ability of these parameters in the 8-year follow-up period. Results: GSTM1-null genotype was associated with significantly shorter overall (HR 1.6, p = 0.018) and cardiovascular-specific (HR 2.1, p = 0.010) survival. Oxidative stress byproducts (advanced oxidation protein products [AOPP], prooxidant-antioxidant balance [PAB], malondialdehyde [MDA]) and cell adhesion molecules (soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [sVCAM-1] and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [sICAM-1]) demonstrated a significant predictive role in terms of overall and cardiovascular survival. When 6 biomarkers (GSTM1 genotype, high AOPP/PAB/MDA/sVCAM-1/sICAM-1) were combined into a scoring model, a significantly shorter overall and cardiovascular survival was observed for patients with the highest score (p < 0.001). Conclusion: We identified a novel panel of biomarkers that can be utilized in predicting survival in ESRD patients. This biomarker signature could enable better monitoring of patients and stratification into appropriate treatment groups.


We propose a novel time-changed Levy LIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate) market model for jointly pricing of caps and swaptions. The time changes are split into three components. The first component allows matching the volatility term structure, the second generates stochastic volatility, and the third accommodates for stochastic skew. The parsimonious model is flexible enough to accommodate the behavior of both caps and swaptions. For the joint estimation we use a comprehensive data set spanning the financial crisis of 2007–2010. We find that, even during this period, neither market is as fragmented as suggested by the previous literature.


Strained pseudomorphic Si/Si1-xGex/Si gate-controlled band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) devices have been analyzed with varying Ge composition up to 57% and p+ tunnel-junction (source) doping concentration in the 1019-1020 cm-3 range. Measurements show the impact of these parameters on the transfer and output characteristics. Measurements are compared to simulations using a nonlocal BTBT model to analyze the mechanisms of device operation and to understand the impact of these parameters on the device switching behavior. The measured characteristics are consistent with simulation analysis that shows a reduction in energy barrier for tunneling (Egeff) and a reduction in tunneling distance with increasing Ge composition and source doping concentration. Increases in the pseudomorphic layer Ge content and doping concentration of the tunnel junction produce large improvements in the measured switching-behavior characteristics (Ion, slope, turn-on voltages, and sharpness of turn-on as a function of Vds). Simulations are also performed to project the potential performance of more optimized structures that may be suitable for extremely low power applications (Vdd < 0.4 V).


As African policy makers strive to attain Food Security and alleviate poverty by 2015, Maize was highlighted as one of the main crops through which agricultural production policies could be effective – "BIOMASS". It is in this light that MIDENO's schemes of Micro credit and agricultural education of 2005 under (GP-DERUDEP) become central in rural transformation for sustainable production. Thus, the study examines MIDENO's schemes by a random survey of 250 farmers who participated under the Grass Field Participatory and Decentralised Rural Development Project (GP-DERUDEP). The inaccurate nature of farm records necessitated the adoption of the multinomial logit estimation technique from which the study investigates the influence of MIDENO's schemes on rural productivity and transformation. It is found that, the micro loans and agricultural educational scheme contributed significantly to the rural transformation but the rate of change in levels of production is impeded by the conservativeness of farmers in adapting to the present challenges towards food security. Thus, the study recommends a more sustainable training of agriculturist in a complete curriculum as a sustainable solution. MIDENO should train farmers on writing sustainable agricultural projects that fetch real funding.


In this article, I investigate how political information affects voting behavior. Specifically, I test (i) if more informed voters are more likely to vote for their closest politicians; and (ii) if this translates into a bias on the aggregate level. To do so, I use a set of Swedish individual survey data on the preferences for local public services of both politicians and voters, which provides an opportunity to investigate how information affects voters' ability to match their preferences with those of their politicians. The results indicate that more informed voters are more likely to vote for politicians with similar preferences for local public services and, on the aggregate level, that the left-wing parties would have received 1–3 percentage points fewer votes if all voters had been equally well-informed. (JEL codes: D72, D80, H71)


Our study is the result of the initial research of a qualitative and quantitative research consisting of more stages. The survey was made between 2007 and 2013 and specially focused on the satisfaction of Hungarian customers of catering enterprises with hot kitchen as well as on factors influencing satisfaction and customer loyalty. The results proved that a well planned, central strategy cannot be prepared for the whole catering industry as even enterprises with the same profile (warm food kitchen) show significant differences. The most important task for an enterprise is to establish and know its appropriate clientele well in order to suit its services, selection to their requirements. Our assumption that customers of fast food restaurants, canteens have lower expectations from selection, personal relations, quality of services than customers of restaurants, public houses, wayside inns, brasseries with traditional methods of selling was proven. In the lattest, the main aspect of choosing a 'favourite place' was the quality of human relations, with the special role, besides other customers, of the staff. Establishing unique atmosphere to the liking of customers can be regarded as an important point of the operational strategy. It was also proven that the majority of regular customers of restaurants are men, coming from the economically active population. Other active users are youngsters, they mainly go to fast food restaurants. More impersonal advertisements hardly have any effect, while successful word of mouth propaganda can be achieved by consequent, high level work. Regular customers can be characterized by rather emotional than market-based attachment. Favourite units are mainly preferred because of their atmosphere, relationships with acquaintances and friends, not because of measurable features, selection or prices. Those visiting catering enterprises with hot kitchen more frequently are more critical and less satisfied, in spite of this, they are reluctant to part from their regular places.


The thermomechanical fatigue of solder joints on the system level is more complex to predict than on the board level. The damage of the solder joints of an electronic device in an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) depends on the thermal expansion mismatch between the materials of the device and the PCB (Printed Circuit Board), so called local mismatch, as well as on the global deformation of the PCB induced by the casing of the ECU. Therefore we have performed a transient sequentially coupled thermal-mechanical simulation on the system level. We used a two-step submodel approach. In the first step the electronic device with a PG-LQFP package was included in the entire ECU model, though the creep behaviour of its SnAgCu solder joints was omitted. In the second step the simulation of the solder joints fatigue was carried out with the help of the submodel. The submodel technique allowed to reduce the simulation model of a system to the electronic device model with a piece of the PCB underneath and at the same time maintain realistic PCB deformations and the realistic temperature field in the entire submodel during the temperature cycle. The simulation is validated with the temperature and strain gage measurement. The simulation predicts a loss of the life time by a factor of 0,5 for the solder joints in the ECU compared to the the board level tests.


The physical basis of Love has remained mysterious. The nature of love has typically been left to the muse of poets and inspiration of philosophers. Psychologists usually refer to love as an emotion and biologists as a biochemical condition. Proponents of Artificial Intelligence (AI) suggest love can be described by a computer program even with current computer technology if we only knew the correct algorithm. Cognitive psychologists would profess that love reduces to configurational states in neural networks, microtubules or synapses. These aspects are not denied only that they are the wrapping and not the essence of love itself. Now that the physical cosmology of the mind-body interaction (awareness) has been discovered, it is possible to describe the fundamental basis of love. What is the soul, what is life, what is intelligence, and especially what is love and why it takes a whole new cosmology to be adequately described are questions that the noetic science of complex Self-Organized Living Systems (SOLS) begins to formally answer. Part I of this two-part article includes: 1. Introduction - Noetic Parameters of Love; 2. Anthropic Multiverse Cosmology - Noetic Context for Love; 3. Noetic Consciousness – A Cartesian Interactive Dualism; 4. Psychons and Qualia: The Noetic Effect; and 5. Self-Organized Physical Cosmology of Qualia.


Enviu is a Dutch non governmental organization (NGO) which focuses on an entrepreneurial attitude towards sustainable development. Enviu has several projects in the Netherlands but is also active in the most southern parts of Chile, South America. It is active on the island Isla Navarino. Puerto Williams with 2200 inhabitants is the biggest village on the island, which is the southernmost village on earth. Enviu and other people on Isla Navarino are concerned about the waste situation on the island. The quantity of waste has grown over the years because the population has grown. Moreover more tourists visit the island and they also produce waste. Another issue is that the waste dump on which household waste is dumped, is reaching its maximum capacity. A third challenge is that waste is not separated; a consequence is that useful materials are lost. Plans for a new waste site are in progress but it is not clear when it will be implemented. A new waste dump however only provides new capacity and does not reduce the waste dump in general, nor prevents the dumping of useful materials. That is why this research focuses on reducing the total quantity of valuable materials dumped and uses waste materials in a better way. The research objective is formulated based on this problem
definition: Improving waste management on Isla Navarino by decreasing the volume of valuable materials dumped on the domestic waste dump through sustainable waste solutions.


This article discusses the findings of a study conducted on the state of information resources management (IRM) in government ministries in Tanzania. The purpose of the study was to investigate and establish the extent to which the information resources management in the ministries reflect and support the process of policy formulation, implementation and programme decision making. The study focused on the senior policy and decision makers in the government ministries as well as the heads of information resource domains of the ministries. The article argues that IRM is a management concept with a unique perspective that has a potential, when implemented, to improve government ministries' efficiency and effectiveness. Through IRM better organization of information and information technology to meet the information needs of ministries policy and decision makers would be achieved. The study established the state of IRM in government ministries in Tanzania to be poor. University of Dar es Salaam Library Journal Vol. 9 (2) 2007: pp. 40-55


Super-enhancers are clusters of transcriptional enhancers that drive cell-type-specific gene expression and are crucial to cell identity. Many disease-associated sequence variations are enriched in super-enhancer regions of disease-relevant cell types. Thus, super-enhancers can be used as potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis and therapeutics. Current studies have identified super-enhancers in more than 100 cell types and demonstrated their functional importance. However, a centralized resource to integrate all these findings is not currently available. We developed dbSUPER (http://bioinfo.au.tsinghua.edu.cn/dbsuper/), the first integrated and interactive database of super-enhancers, with the primary goal of providing a resource for assistance in further studies related to transcriptional control of cell identity and disease. dbSUPER provides a responsive and user-friendly web interface to facilitate efficient and comprehensive search and browsing. The data can be easily sent to Galaxy instances, GREAT and Cistrome web-servers for downstream analysis, and can also be visualized in the UCSC genome browser where custom tracks can be added automatically. The data can be downloaded and exported in variety of formats. Furthermore, dbSUPER lists genes associated with super-enhancers and also links to external databases such as GeneCards, UniProt and Entrez. dbSUPER also provides an overlap analysis tool to annotate user-defined regions. We believe dbSUPER is a valuable resource for the biology and genetic research communities.


Background: Physical activity (PA) typically decreases with aging, especially of moderate to vigorous level, and this change affects health outcomes of older adults. Age-related decline is not evenly distributed across elderly population and is attributed to psychosocial, physical, and environmental determinants. Methods: We selected a sample of 1000 elderly people from urban parts of Shiraz in Southern Iran with a two-stage random sampling procedure. Self-reported PA data and correlates of moderate to vigorous activity were collected by interview with the respondents from selected households. Bivariate associations were examined using Chi-square test. Log-binomial regression was used to weigh variables associated with more than light PA. Results: Some demographic variables (older age, female sex, lower education level, retirement, and single or widowed status), health problems (lower extremity pain and hypertension), and psychosocial factors (lack of motivation, fear of injury, unsafe roads, and daily life problems) were potential correlates of inadequate PA with bivariate analysis. In log-binomial regression model, lack of motivation (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR] = 2.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25–3.56), daily life problems (APR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.26–2.62), lower educational level (APR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.08–2.49), unsafe roads (APR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.02–2.49), and knee pain (APR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.09–2.58) were associated with lower engagement in moderate to vigorous PA among Iranian older adults. Conclusions: Psychosocial attributes considerably influence PA behaviors in older adults. Lower extremity joint pain is a key medical concern. Interventions to promote PA among older adults should be multilevel and particularly targeting personal psychosocial factors.