This paper analyzes the coverage of Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, an American politician whose political discourse has aligned her with left-wing populism (LWP), by Tucker Carlson Tonight, a Fox News talk show hosted by a political commentator whose views have aligned him with right-wing populism (RWP). It explores the mechanisms that govern the presentation, interpretation, and framing of the antagonistic opponent via the analysis of delegitimization strategies, recontextualizing principles, and (re)framing processes. Findings suggest that the antagonist is delegitimized with ironic formulations, ad hominem attacks and debasing attributions that cast doubts on her authority and expertise. Recontextualization involves the suppression and concealment of the antagonist's standpoints and underlying ideologies, and reframing occurs in discourse surrounding racism based on whom is the (perceived) recipient of racism. While many of the strategies employed are emblematic of populist discourse, others connote ageism, sexism, and racism expressed in overt and covert ways.


This article extends sociological and feminist accounts of housework by examining the social significance of the rise of the 'cleanfluencer': online influencers who supply household cleaning and organization tips and modes of lifestyle aspiration via social media. We focus on 'Mrs Hinch'; aka Sophie Hinchliffe from Essex, the 'homegrown' Instagram star with 4.1 million followers who shares daily images and stories of cleaning and family life, and has a series of bestselling books, regular daytime TV appearances and supermarket tie-ins. We argue that, within neoliberal culture, housework is now often refashioned as a form of therapy for women's stressful lives: stresses that neoliberalism and patriarchy have both generated and compounded. The argument is developed through three sections. First, we locate Mrs Hinch in relation to longer classed, gendered and racialized histories of domestic labour and the figure of the 'housewife', and the re-writing of domestic narratives to find new ways of ensuring women's willingness to participate in unpaid domestic labour. Second, we analyse the contradictions of cleanfluencing as a form of 'digital identity labour' representing offline housework, which in this case is precarious and classed. Finally, drawing these themes together, we show how 'Hinching' recasts housework as part of a neoliberal therapeutic promise to 'clean away' the instabilities, anxieties and threats of contemporary culture.


Nuclear halos emerge as new degrees of freedom near the neutron and proton driplines. They consist of a core and one or a few nucleons which spend most of their time in the classically-forbidden region outside the range of the interaction. Individual nucleons inside the core are thus unresolved in the halo configuration, and the low-energy effective interactions are short-range forces between the core and the valence nucleons. Similar phenomena occur in clusters of (4)He atoms, cold atomic gases near a Feshbach resonance, and some exotic hadrons. In these weakly-bound quantum systems universal scaling laws for s-wave binding emerge that are independent of the details of the interaction. Effective field theory (EFT) exposes these correlations and permits the calculation of non-universal corrections to them due to short-distance effects, as well as the extension of these ideas to systems involving the Coulomb interaction and/or binding in higher angular-momentum channels. Halo nuclei exhibit all these features. Halo EFT, the EFT for halo nuclei, has been used to compute the properties of single-neutron, two-neutron, and single-proton halos of s-wave and p-wave type. This review summarizes these results for halo binding energies, radii, Coulomb dissociation, and radiative capture, as well as the connection of these properties to scattering parameters, thereby elucidating the universal correlations between all these observables. We also discuss how Halo EFT's encoding of the long-distance physics of halo nuclei can be used to check and extend ab initio calculations that include detailed modeling of their short-distance dynamics.


Adding the question "Were you told about the possibility of switching to another method if the method you selected was not suitable?" to the Method Information Index (MII) was associated with better contraceptive continuation. This MIIplus variable includes another domain of quality of care, and thus better reflects voluntary contraceptive use and continuation. Adding the question "Were you told about the possibility of switching to another method if the method you selected was not suitable?" to the Method Information Index (MII) was associated with better contraceptive continuation. This MIIplus variable includes another domain of quality of care, and thus better reflects voluntary contraceptive use and continuation. ABSTRACT Introduction: The Method Information Index (MII) is 1 of 18 core indicators used to monitor progress toward achieving Family Planning 2020's goal of 120 million more women using a modern method of family planning by 2020. The 3 questions of the MII are intended to measure informed choice at method initiation. Although routinely used in the Demographic and Health Surveys and the Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020 project in cross-sectional household surveys, the MII may not adequately reflect all key aspects of quality of care or predict contraceptive continuation. In the current study, a question was added to the MII regarding the possibility of switching to a different contraceptive method if the current method is not suitable. The revised MII is referred to as MIIplus. Methods: A total of 2,699 married women aged 15–49 who started a new episode of use of intrauterine device, injectable, or oral contraceptive pills between December 2016 and October 2017 were followed for 1 year in India and interviewed at method start and 3, 6, and 12 months later. Of these women, 2,267 were interviewed 3 months later and included in the analysis. Using 3 Cox proportional hazard models, we estimated hazard ratios for risk of discontinuation, based on the MII, MIIplus, and a recategorization of MIIplus into a 3-category variable. Results: The modern method continuation rate 100 days (∼3 months) later was 91% overall. Women who received the information in MIIplus were more likely to continue using a method at 100 days (95%) compared to those who received information covered in the MII (82%) or less than 3 components of the MII (89%) (P<.001). Women who received all components in the MIIplus were 69% (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.31; 95% confidence interval: 0.17 to 0.61) less likely than those who received information in the MII to discontinue using a modern method 100 days later. Discontinuation was not significantly different between women who received information on less than the 3 components of the MII compared to the complete MII. Conclusion: We recommend including the question about the possibility of switching to another family planning method in routine measurement because it better predicts contraceptive continuation than the MII alone and ensures that another domain of quality of care is reflected in the measurement. When programs provide information on the possibility of switching, women are better informed about voluntary family planning choice and their options to continue family planning when a method is not suitable.


Ethylene oxide (EO) is an important intermediate for the synthesis of fine chemicals. Therefore, the oxidation of ethylene to EO is an industrially important reaction. The catalytic oxidation of ethylene to EO by N2O on Pt-, Pd- and Ni-doped graphene nanosheets have been probed theoretically using the M06-2X hybrid DFT method. DFT calculations suggest that catalytic oxidation proceeds in three steps. The reaction starts with the decomposition of N2O to form activated atomic oxygen (Oads), which is adsorbed on the surface, and N2 molecule. Then, an ethyleneoxy intermediate is produced from the addition of ethylene to Oads. Finally, the cyclization of ethyleneoxy intermediate results in EO as a desirable product. Our findings demonstrate that compared to Pt- or Pd-doped graphene, the Ni-doped surface is an efficient catalyst for the epoxidation of ethylene to EO by N2O under mild conditions. The catalytic epoxidation method demonstrated herein is a green approach, as N2 gas is the only by-product, at the expense of the greenhouse gas-N2O.


The authors deal with mode and parameter-dependent robust mixed ℋ2/ℋ∞ filtering design for a class of discrete-time switched polytopic linear systems. The objective is to design a homogeneous switched mixed ℋ2/ℋ∞ filter guaranteeing the asymptotic stability of the resulting filtering error systems with given performance measures. Based on a switched parameter-dependent Lyapunov function combined with Finsler's lemma, some novel conditions for robust ℋ2 and ℋ∞ performance analysis are proposed and in turn the filter synthesis is developed. It is shown that by using a new linearisation technique combined with a bounding approach, the filter gains can be obtained by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness and less conservatism of the proposed approach.


Computer-aided engineering tools for plastic injection molding have been used to resolve problems of material, part, and mold design. This work analyses the flow behaviour of polypropylene/silicon carbide composites simulated by the injection molding simulation software, Moldex3D, using the spiral flow mold. The spiral flow mold was initially modelled by CATIA, and then the part model was imported into the Moldex3D for the simulation of the injection molding process. The effect of injection parameters, such as thickness of the flow channel (i.e., 2, 3 and 4 mm), melt temperature (i.e., 190, 210 and 230 °C), and mold temperature (i.e., 40, 55 and 70 °C) on the process were investigated. The tested material is polypropylene filled with silicon carbide 15% by weight. The flow ability is expressed as the length of the characterization mold filled under a specified set of parameters. Results showed that the flow length of polymer composites increased with increasing thickness of the flow channel. The rate of change decreased with increasing thickness of the flow channel from 2 mm to 3 mm, and 3 mm to 4 mm, respectively. The flow length of polymer composites increased with increasing melt temperature from 190 °C to 210 °C , and mold temperature also exhibited improvement in flow ability. Furthermore, the effect of injection parameters on shrinkage of the parts of the samples was also investigated. Results indicate that the melt temperature had an influence on the shrinkage. Shrinkage of polymer composites increases with increased melt temperature, whereas thickness of flow channel and mold temperature had no significant effect on shrinkage.


In Buryatia, the imperishable body of Dashi-Dorzho Etigelov, a prerevolutionary Buddhist monk, is said to be a "scientifically proven miracle" endowed with healing powers. I argue that this claim provides a focal point for the renegotiation of Soviet discourses on science and religion. I demonstrate that Soviet modernist discourse produced religion and science as mutually constitutive categories. Although subsequent political transformations have shifted the valences of religion and science, this mutually constitutive relationship remains central to understanding health, healing, and religious practices in post-Soviet Russia. [religion, science, postsocialism, healing, Buddhism, Buryatia, Russian Federation]


Over time, and with intensive instruction, people with aphasia (PWAs) can learn to use grid-based, categorically organized, high-technology AAC layouts during structured tasks (e.g., Hough & Johnson, 2009). In an effort to reduce the training intensity required to teach PWAs to use AAC; researchers developed visual scene displays (VSDs), designed to complement the residual cognitive and linguistic abilities of PWAs by tapping their intact episodic memory. VSD interfaces incorporate personally relevant (PR) photos, text, and speech output (Dietz, McKelvey, & Beukelman, 2006; Weissling & Beukelman, 2006). VSDs appear to facilitate improved communication success (e.g., McKelvey, Dietz, Hux, Weissling, & Beukelman, 2007) as well as relatively efficient learning of system navigation with less instruction than reported for traditional grid layouts (McKelvey et al., 2007; Wallace & Hux, 2012). Figure 1 contrasts VSD and grid interfaces. The success of VSDs is frequently attributed to the PR photographs; however, investigators have not examined the impact of the various VSD elements on communication behaviors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the influence of PR photographs and the presence of text on a VSD interface on the communication behaviors of PWAs during a narrative retell task.


Software development projects are difficult to manage, in general, due to the friction between completing system features and, at the same time, obtaining a high degree of code quality to ensure maintainability of the system in the future. A major challenge of this optimization problem is that code quality is less visible to stakeholders in the development process, particularly, to the management. In this paper, we describe an approach for automated software analysis and monitoring of both quality-related code metrics and development activities by means of software maps. A software map represents an adaptive, hierarchical representation of software implementation artifacts such as source code files being organized in a modular hierarchy. The maps can express and combine information about software development, software quality, and system dynamics; they can systematically be specified, automatically generated, and organized by templates. The maps aim at supporting decision-making processes. For example, they facilitate to decide where in the code an increase of quality would be beneficial both for speeding up current development activities and for reducing risks of future maintenance problems. Due to their high degree of expressiveness and their instantaneous generation, the maps additionally serve as up-to-date information tools, bridging an essential information gap between management and development, improve awareness, and serve as early risk detection instrument. The software map concept and its tool implementation are evaluated by means of two case studies on large industrially developed software systems.


Crystallographic texture has an important effect on the magnetic quality of electrical steel: a specific texture parameter A is defined and used to estimate the magnetic quality of texture components. It is shown that obtaining the best possible texture in non oriented electrical steel can reduce the losses with 1,5 W/kg. Two production schemes for high silicon electrical steel are described: a conventional processing through hot and cold rolling with adequate temperatures and cooling rates and an immersion-diffusion process by hot dipping in a Si- and Al-rich bath followed by diffusion annealing. The texture evolution in these experimental materials is under study and first results are reported for conventional alloys (rolling procedure) and for immersion-diffusion alloys, which are annealed after dipping in order to obtain a controlled concentration gradient with high Si and/or Al at the surface or a homogeneous Si and/or Al-content over the thickness.


This study is the first to investigate how cultural interpretations of "genius" influence, and are reflected in, fictional portraits of Shakespeare. It explores the wide range of portraits (including children's books, romance novels, graphic novels, and film) that bring Shakespeare to life, and suggests that different portrayals present different conceptions of genius. How does Shakespeare become a genius? How does being a genius affect his life? In some portraits Shakespeare is a man in love with life, fully immersed in the world around him and therefore able to transform the richness of the world into words. But other portrayals present a man cut off from the world, unable to connect to anyone because his creations are more real to him than people, while others suggest that Shakespeare's genius can only be understood as a supernatural or magical gift. In each portrait, Shakespeare mirrors back to us what we believe about what it means to be a genius.


The Peruvian Altiplano is an important center of mining activity. As a key hotspot for endemic biodiversity in Peru, it also has conservation value. Thus, ecological restoration strategies need to be developed to ensure that mining impacts on these biodiversity values are minimized. As a step toward this larger objective, we measured the composition of the soil seed bank on the Peruvian Altiplano and compared it with the standing vegetation in different plant communities. We calculated evolved persistence traits to evaluate the suitability of topsoil removal, storage, and redeployment as an ecological restoration strategy for the Peruvian Altiplano. The comparison demonstrates low similarities (Sorensen Index for sites A: 0.15, B:0.27, C:0.11, and D:0.12) between the seed bank and the standing vegetation. The flora of the germinable soil seed bank is dominated by ephemeral species. Meanwhile, the standing flora contains a higher percentage of perennial species, many of which invest in the capacity to persist via resprouting from underground storage organs. It is clear that the well-established restoration technique of topsoil removal, storage, and redeployment needs to be tested and will probably need modification to be an effective strategy for the Peruvian Altiplano. The required modifications are relatively straightforward and would ensure that this low-cost and effective restoration technique could be applied to good effect on the Peruvian Altiplano.


This e-book offers a new study of the political and military history of the Greek Aegean between the Peloponnesian War and the Peace of Antalcidas. Following the career of Conon, the Athenian admiral who became commander of the Persian fleet after his city's defeat by Sparta, this volume offers a new perspective on a very important period of Greek history by examining the impact of the rivalry between Persian satraps in the affairs of the Hellenic cities, the development of new military practices and the linkage between war, politics and society. Moving from an analysis of Conon's career in the course of the Peloponnesian War, Luca Asmonti considers the transformation of the duties of military commanders and their growing political and diplomatic responsibilities. He argues that Conon was hired by the satrap Pharnabazus to carry out a thorough reform of the Persian fleet inspired by the new 'grand strategy' which had developed in the course of the conflict between Athens and Sparta. Following Conon's activity after his return to Athens and his failure to give Athens a leading role after Sparta's defeat at Cnidus, Asmonti discusses how the Persian satraps used the politics of "liberty" and "autonomy" to stabilize the turbulent regions of Asia Minor and keep the world of the Greek city-states divided.


The Value Consistency Thesis (VCT) proposed and empirically tested by Levine, Jakubowski, and Côté predicts associations between ego and moral functioning by identifying humanistic value orientations common to dimensions of both domains. With hypotheses based on Erikson's notion of institutionalized moratorium, the present 2-year longitudinal study of 58 undergraduate students investigates the VCT as a function of participation within humanistic and technological university faculties. The findings replicate the initial test of the VCT and indicate that both ego and moral development and the ability to coordinate these developmental domains are gains more likely for students enrolled in humanistic faculties.


Some propose that the question of how you know that James is angry can be adequately answered with the claim that you see that James is angry. Call this the Perceptual Hypothesis. Here, I examine that hypothesis.

I argue that there are two different ways in which the Perceptual Hypothesis could be made true. You might see that James is angry by seeing his bodily features. Alternatively, you might see that James is angry by seeing his anger. If you see that James is angry in the first way, your knowledge is inferential. If you see that James is angry in the second way, your knowledge is not inferential. These are different ways of knowing that James is angry. So the Perceptual Hypothesis alone does not adequately answer the question of how you know that fact. To ascertain how you know it, we need to decide whether or not you saw his anger.

This is an epistemological argument. But it has consequences for a theory of perception. It implies that there is a determinate fact about which features of an object you see. This fact is made true independently of what you come to know by seeing.

In the final section of the paper, I seek to undermine various ways in which the claim that you see James' anger may be thought implausible.


In the last three years Peru has gone through changes in the process of strengthening and disseminating open access, especially regarding digital theses and research or governmental data. Enactment of Law 30035, which establishes and regulates the Open Access National Digital Repository of Science, Technology and Innovation; the Regulations of the National Registry of Research Papers Submitted for Academic Degrees and Professional Titles, RENATI; the National Strategy for Open Governmental Data, Peru 2017-2021; and the Peruvian Open Governmental Data Model constitute all a legal framework that fosters open access. Within this context, since 2013 the Peruvian University for Applied Science, UPC, has implemented policies aimed to foster open access to academic and scientific information, as well to support the use of interoperable technological platforms. As a result, in March of 2013, the UPC Academic Repository was published. And, recently, UPC adopted as mandatory the open access publication of bachelor's and master's theses. In the last three years, the UPC Academic Repository ranked among the top in the Webometrics Repositories (Peru), and showed a significant improvement at the Latin American and World level: At the national level, it went from being ranked 13th in January 2013 to 3rd in January 2017. Worldwide, it went from being ranked 1,516th in January 2013 to 849th in January 2017. In Latin America, in January 2017 it was ranked 62nd among 217 repositories. All actions implemented have been complemented with the following strategies: the open access publication of the theses-related data; the use of diverse metadata standards —Dublin Core Qualifiers, ETD-MS, DRIVER 2.0 and OpenAIRE—; the use of the OAI-PMH interoperable protocol; the implementation of identifiers of digital content —DOI and Handle— and identifiers for users —ORCID and Google Profile—; and curation of digital content. Future activities will be oriented to increase visibility of the UPC repository contents. To this end, we have proposed the following: to use DOI in bachelor's and master's theses; increase the number of bibliographical records for theses and their data; monitor and assess consultations to UPC theses as shown by national repositories ALICIA and RENATI; and, finally, implement an automated system for managing theses integrated into the UPC Academic Repository.


Macrophage-specific insulation of canonical NF-κB signaling from the noncanonical pathway prevents excessive inflammation. Preventing macrophages from going haywire Activation of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) transcription factors occurs through two pathways: canonical and noncanonical. In infected fibroblasts and epithelial cells, the combined activation of both pathways induces a burst of late-phase inflammatory gene expression to help eradicate pathogens. Chatterjee et al. used a combination of mathematical modeling and experiments to show that macrophages are wired differently. In macrophages, combined stimulation of canonical and noncanonical signaling led to the delayed generation of an inhibitor of the canonical pathway, thus preventing the potentially deleterious effects of excessive inflammatory responses by the macrophages. This mathematical approach may lead to the discovery of other mechanism of cell type–specific control of transcription factor activity. The nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) transcription factors coordinate the inflammatory immune response during microbial infection. Pathogenic substances engage canonical NF-κB signaling through the heterodimer RelA:p50, which is subjected to rapid negative feedback by inhibitor of κBα (IκBα). The noncanonical NF-κB pathway is required for the differentiation of immune cells; however, cross-talk between both pathways can occur. Concomitantly activated noncanonical signaling generates p52 from the p100 precursor. The synthesis of p100 is induced by canonical signaling, leading to the formation of the late-acting RelA:p52 heterodimer. This cross-talk prolongs inflammatory RelA activity in epithelial cells to ensure pathogen clearance. We found that the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)–activated canonical NF-κB signaling pathway is insulated from lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR)–induced noncanonical signaling in mouse macrophage cell lines. Combined computational and biochemical studies indicated that the extent of NF-κB–responsive expression of Nfkbia, which encodes IκBα, inversely correlated with cross-talk. The Nfkbia promoter showed enhanced responsiveness to NF-κB activation in macrophages compared to that in fibroblasts. We found that this hyperresponsive promoter engaged the RelA:p52 dimer generated during costimulation of macrophages through TLR4 and LTβR to trigger synthesis of IκBα at late time points, which prevented the late-acting RelA cross-talk response. Together, these data suggest that, despite the presence of identical signaling networks in cells of diverse lineages, emergent cross-talk between signaling pathways is subject to cell type–specific regulation. We propose that the insulation of canonical and noncanonical NF-κB pathways limits the deleterious effects of macrophage-mediated inflammation.


This thesis examines how the German print news media negotiate notions of Germanness by narrating the acts of violent crime committed by the right-wing extremist group National Socialist Underground (NSU) between 2000 and 2011. Combining Paul Ricœur's textual hermeneutics with insights from narrative criminology as well as violence and narrative media studies, I approach the NSU as a narrative puzzle. I thereby investigate how the media narrate a murder series of nine men with a migration background, a nail bomb attack in a Turkish-dominated street and an (attempted) murder of two police officers. I compare the narratives constructed both before and after the identification of the perpetrators in November 2011. Through an extensive narrative analysis of news media discourse, I examine how notions of Germanness are negotiated through the construction of relationships between perpetrators, victims, society and the state. The key argument is that the NSU has not affected dominant perceptions of Germanness, but reinforced existing ones through the creation of a hierarchy of "'Others' within": immigrants, East Germans, and (right-wing) extremists. The findings show that the interpretation of acts of violent crime, especially over extended periods of time, is rooted in everyday practices of story-telling and identity construction.


International policies indicate the building sector as one of the most promising for sustainable development. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it has the greatest and cheapest potential for delivering significant greenhouse gas emission reduction. However, early experiences of sustainable construction have shown that both a social and a technical transition are required. Consequently, the changes in organizational aspects of firms involved in construction represent an urgent research theme. This paper investigates how inter-firm relationships are changing as the sector moves towards green building. The organizational model between firms is described at the integration level with suppliers, the integration level between the general contractor and the design team, the degree of specialization of involved firms and their sustainability certifications. These features have been analyzed in case studies collecting data through interviews. This paper compares organizational aspects in traditional and green buildings. Results suggest that green buildings are associated with inter-firm relationships of comakership with suppliers and with the design team, and with firms with a portfolio focused on sustainable projects. Finally, among the case studies, sustainability related certifications are scarcely related to the greenness level of the building. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.


To measure the bit error rate (BER) performance validation of digital baseband communication systems on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The proposed BER tester (BERT) integrates fundamental baseband signal processing modules of a typical wireless communication system along with a realistic fading channel simulator and an accurate Gaussian noise generator onto a single FPGA to provide an accelerated and repeatable test environment in a laboratory setting. Using a developed graphical user interface, the error rate performance of single- and multiple-antenna systems over a wide range of parameters can be rapidly evaluated. The FPGA-based BERT should reduce the need for time-consuming software-based simulations, hence increasing the productivity. This FPGA-based solution is significantly more cost effective than conventional performance measurements made using expensive commercially available test equipment and channel simulators.


In the present work, positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) is employed for microstructure investigations of various ultra fine grained (UFG) metals (Cu, Ni, Fe) prepared by severe plastic deformation (SPD), namely high-pressure torsion (HPT) and equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). Generally, UFG metals prepared using both the techniques exhibit two kinds of defects introduced by SPD: dislocations and small microvoids. The size of the microvoids is determined from the PAS data. Significantly larger microvoids are found in HPT deformed Fe and Ni compared to HPT deformed Cu. The microstructure of UFG Cu prepared by HPT and ECAP is compared and the spatial distribution of defects in UFG Cu samples is characterized. In addition, the microstructure of a pure UFG Cu prepared by HPT and HPT deformed Cu+Al2O3 nanocomposite (GlidCop) is compared.


This paper explains how the huge marine foreland, the Skagen Odde at the northern top of peninsula Jutland, Denmark, was initially formed by ice masses moving from north and east during the late phases of the last glacial age. These ice masses pushed existing deposits around and brought with them new material from Norway and Sweden. Ice-ages have occurred in various geological periods. During the last half million years, their largest magnitudes were in the northern countries of Canada, Greenland, Iceland, Scandinavia, the Balticum, the U.S.A. and the USSR. The latest glaciation took place 16,000-24,000 years BP with a rapid advance in Scandinavia ~20,000 BP. The large quantities of materials from Norway, Sweden and Finland moved south and westward. Most of Denmark was covered with ice, but the westernmost part of the Jutland peninsula was ice free but overworked by meltwater deposits. In the final withdrawal phase, commencing about 16,000 BP, the glaciers left enormous bottom and marginal moraines in Denmark. Following the final withdrawal of the ice (13,000 BP in Jutland), a glacial rebound started. Simultaneously, sea level rose due to the increasing temperatures and melting of ice encroaching upon the rebound. Today, the two movements up and down are almost equal in northernmost Jutland while sea level rise has the lead south and east of here. Glacial rebounds still are strong on the Scandinavian peninsula.


Introduction: Selpercatinib, a first-in-class highly selective and potent RET kinase inhibitor, is approved in multiple countries for the treatment of RET fusion-positive lung or thyroid cancers. RET fusions are also implicated in the pathogenesis of other cancers. Selpercatinib9s efficacy and safety were thus explored in patients (pts) with RET fusion-positive non-lung/non-thyroid cancers in a global, multicenter, registrational trial. Methods: Adults with locally advanced or metastatic RET fusion-positive non-lung/non-thyroid solid tumors enrolled in the phase 1/2 LIBRETTO-001 trial (NCT03157128) were included in this analysis (data cut-off: 19 March 2021). Following dose escalation, pts received the recommended dose of 160 mg orally, twice daily. Pts enrolled long enough to allow 6-month follow-up from their first dose comprised the efficacy-evaluable population. Response was assessed (RECIST 1.1) by investigators. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints included duration of response (DoR), time to response, and safety. Results: Thirty-two pts with RET fusion-positive non-lung/non-thyroid cancers included 12 unique tumor types: 9 pancreatic, 9 colon, 2 each of breast, salivary, sarcoma, and unknown primary, and 1 each of carcinoid, rectal neuroendocrine, small intestine, xanthogranuloma, ovarian, and pulmonary carcinosarcoma. The median age was 48 years (range 22-85). Twenty-nine pts received prior systemic therapy (median prior lines: 2, range 0-9). The ORR was 47% (N=15/32, 95% CI: 29-65). Objective responses were observed in 9 unique cancer types including colon, pancreatic, carcinoid, small intestine, salivary, xanthogranuloma, breast, ovarian, and sarcoma, and 5 additional patients had stable disease lasting ≥ 16 weeks. Median time to response was 1.9 months (range 0.7-7.3). Median DoR was not reached (median follow-up time of 13 months). Responses were ongoing in 73% (11/15) of pts. Safety among this population was consistent with the overall selpercatinib safety database. No patients in this cohort discontinued due to treatment-related AEs. Conclusion: Selpercatinib demonstrated promising antitumor activity in RET fusion-positive non-lung/non-thyroid cancers, including multiple treatment-refractory GI malignancies. Broad-based genomic profiling is essential to identify actionable oncogenic drivers, including RET fusions. The safety and efficacy of selpercatinib will continue to be explored in pts with these cancers in the ongoing LIBRETTO-001 study. Citation Format: Vivek Subbiah, Bhavana Konda, Todd Bauer, Caroline McCoach, Gerald Falchook, Masayuki Takeda, Jyoti Patel, Jared Weiss, Nir Peled, Lyudmila Bazhenova, Victoria Soldatenkova, Pearl French, Nora Drove, Oliver Gautschi, Alexander Drilon. Efficacy and safety of selpercatinib in RET fusion-positive cancers other than lung or thyroid cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr CT011.


Polyphenols are naturally occurring compounds found largely in fruits and vegetables. The antioxidant properties of these polyphenols including total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), tannin content, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging abilities and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were measured among sixteen (16) plant foods (mango, blueberry, strawberry, black carrot, raspberry, dark grapes, garlic, ginger, onion, cherry, plum, apple, papaya, peach, pear and apricot) by modifying, standardising and translating existing antioxidant methods using a 96-well plate reader. Eighteen targeted phenolic acids and flavonoids were characterised and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography-photometric diode array (HPLC-PDA) and verified by modifying an existing method of liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray-ionisation triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF/MS). While most of these compounds were accurately detected by the HPLC-PDA at a low concentration, a few polyphenols in low concentrations could be only be characterised using the LC-ESI-QTOF/MS method. Our results showed that mango possessed the highest overall antioxidant activity, phenolic acid and flavonoid content among the selected fruits. Factor analysis (FA) and Pearson's correlation tests showed high correlations among ABTS, DPPH, FRAP and phenolic acids, implying the comparable capabilities of scavenging the DPPH/ABTS free radicals and reducing ferric ions from the antioxidant compounds in the samples. Phenolic acids contributed significantly to the antioxidant activities, and flavonoids contributed more to tannin content based on the correlations. Overall, methods modified and standardized in this study can provide better understanding of high throughput technologies and increase the reliability of antioxidant data of different plant foods.


Background A visual abstract is a graphic summary of a research article's question, methods, and major findings. Although they have a number of uses, visual abstracts are chiefly used to promote research articles on social media. Objective This study aimed to determine if the use of visual abstracts increases the visibility of nephrology research shared on Twitter. Methods A prospective case-control crossover study was conducted using 40 research articles published in the American Journal of Nephrology (AJN). Each article was shared by the AJN Twitter account in 3 formats: (1) the article citation, (2) the citation with a key figure from the article, and (3) the citation with a visual abstract. Tweets were spaced 2 weeks apart to allow washout of the previous tweet, and the order of the tweets was randomized. Dissemination was measured via retweets, views, number of link clicks, and Altmetric scores. Results Tweets that contained a visual abstract had more than twice as many views as citation-only tweets (1351, SD 1053 vs 639, SD 343) and nearly twice as many views as key figure tweets (1351, SD 1053 vs 732, SD 464). Visual abstract tweets had 5 times the engagements of citation-only tweets and more than 3.5 times the engagements of key figure tweets. Visual abstract tweets were also associated with greater increases in Altmetric scores as compared to citation-only tweets (2.20 vs 1.05). Conclusions The use of visual abstracts increased visibility of research articles on Twitter, resulting in a greater number of views, engagements, and retweets. Visual abstracts were also associated with increased Altmetric scores as compared to citation-only tweets. These findings support the broader use of visual abstracts in the scientific community. Journals should consider visual abstracts as valuable tools for research dissemination.


Positive and negative emotions, either way, are the key influences for guiding human behavior. Nevertheless, although positive emotions are an important determinant for user behavior and adaptations, we still lack knowledge about the general role of negative emotions and their impact on Information Systems (IS) discontinuance. The reason for this is twofold; first, the concept of emotions is rather complex containing several different components, and second, emotions are difficult to measure. Hence, as demanded by current research on the dark side of IT, we observe how emotional valence is shaped based on the cognitive appraisals of hedonic systems and how it is related to the discontinuance of these systems. For this purpose, we set up a lab experiment with eye-tracking and webcam technology. To evaluate the film and eye-fixation data, we make use of the emotional recognition software FaceReader. This software enables a detailed analysis of more than 200,000 frames of video-recordings in order to capture human emotions based on facial expressions. Within this research-in-progress submission we describe the development of our hypotheses, explain the methodological design, and provide first results of 176 users of either hedonic or utilitarian systems.


Organising pneumonia is one of the responses of the lung to injury and can mimic bacterial pneumonia but importantly it does not respond to antibiotic therapy. We present the case of a 67-year-old male who was diagnosed with organising pneumonia secondary to dronedarone. Drug reactions are a common cause and early identification of the culprit is mandatory to prevent further morbidity and ensure a favourable outcome. On chest radiography there may be fleeting peripheral consolidation, while computed tomography can show a range of stereotyped patterns including perilobular consolidation. Bronchoscopic biopsy may not always be possible but response to steroids is often rapid following removal of the culprit drug. Dronedarone should be included in the list of possible drugs and the Pneumotox database remains a useful resource for the clinician when acute drug-related pneumotoxicity is suspected.


Accurate and relevant financial reports are indispensable for users in terms of presenting accounting information. This is also based on the increasing globalization characterized by the operation of multinational companies in various countries has been instrumental in bridging the meeting of different accounting practices. From this it is the underlying IAI Convergence to IFRS in setting financial accounting standards. Data collection techniques used are documentation, interviews, observation. The method of data analysis is comparative / comparison analysis that is using statistical calculation in the form of quantitative (amount) by using SPSS as counting tool. The results showed that with the application of IFRS Convergence PSAK there is a significant difference to the treatment of fixed assets. These differences are caused by different treatment in revaluation / revaluation of fixed assets.


• Purpose: To identify facilitating and redundant components of core competence development during the growth phases in entrepreneur-driven SMEs. • Methodology: Conducts a longitudinal empirical study based on large number of interviews. • Findings: Describes how individual competences critical for a start-up firm (entrepreneurial, market and network) eventually are transformed into organisational routines and institutionalised. Highlights distinction between competence and organisational structure. The latter could emerge incrementally in a firm, yet also be a tool to manage organisational change. • Research limitations/implications: Brings in-depth knowledge by qualitative analysis. Future studies should test our findings in large-scale study with quantitative analysis. • Practical implications: A start-up built on technology competence needs to combine with market competences, preferably in parallel, or in sequence, for ideal core competence development. To expand further, the entrepreneur ultimately must step down. Important to balance the firm's ambidexterity by adding exploitation to the initial exploration. To boost expansion further, explicate visions and policies must be added, which will guide and release employees' innovative drive. • Social implications: Suggests how entrepreneurial spirits could be transformed to facilitate growth beyond small firm size. • Originality/value: Informs scholars and managers of core competence facilitators during SMEs growth phases.


Abstract
It is argued that not-for-profit hospitals can be assumed to generate a return on equity capital due, in principle, to competition in the final product market for hospital services and in the capital market. Practical difficulties in identifying claimants to the net income of the firm, as well as the incentive problems of cost-based reimbursement, suggest that a competitive pricing approach is likely to be the appropriate means to provide a reasonable return on equity for the not-for-profit and the for-profit hospital. Implications of the analysis for the correct discount rate in investment decisions are outlined.


A long time ago, metastatic brain tumors were often not treated and patients were only
given palliative care. In the past decade, researchers selected those with single or 1-3 metastases
for more aggressive treatments like surgical resection, and/or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS),
since the addition of whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) did not increase overall survival for the
vast majority of patients. Different studies demonstrated significantly less cognitive deterioration
in 0-52% patients after SRS versus 85-94% after WBRT at 6 months. WBRT is the treatment of
choice for leptomeningeal metastases. WBRT can lower the risk for further brain metastases, particularly
in tumors of fast brain metastasis velocity, i.e. quickly relapsing, often seen in melanoma
or small cell lung carcinoma. Important relevant literature is quoted to clarify the clinical controversies
at point of care in this review. Synchronous primary lung cancer and brain metastasis
represent a special situation whereby the oncologist should exercise discretion for curative treatments,
with reported 5-year survival rates of 7.6%-34.6%. Recent research suggests that those
patients with Karnofsky performance status less than 70, not capable of caring for themselves, are
less likely to derive benefit from aggressive treatments. Among patients with brain metastases
from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the QUARTZ trial (Quality of Life after Radiotherapy
for Brain Metastases) helps the oncologist to decide when not to treat, depending on the performance
status and other factors.


Referees are routinely subjected to a wide range of potential physical and psychological stressors, yet little is known about the extent to which these are perceived as aversive or the mechanisms which motivate officials to maintain their activities. The purpose of this study was to give experienced soccer referees the opportunity to offer explanations for and responses to criticism and abuse. A 4-page postal questionnaire was completed by 42 referees. Results indicated that an average of over 16 hours per week was spent on refereeing duties, and 71% of the respondents felt physically drained after matches. However, 100% asserted that the time and energy they put into refereeing was worthwhile. A number of strategies to cope with negative evaluations were noted. The referees expect to be the object of censure by players, coaches and spectators, but use external attributions such as people's bias and lack of knowledge to explain dissent. While admitting to making errors, they perceive their misjudgements as representing opportunities to improve. Although respecting other referees and making use of support systems, they believe that their skills are superior to those of fellow officials. They also identify their devotion to soccer, rather than the desire for power and prestige, as the main reason for their involvement. The findings portray soccer officials as confident and resilient individuals who admit to occasional errors but interpret these are positive opportunities for self-improvement. A range of coping mechanisms serve to enhance self-esteem and help referees resolve the mismatch between their perceived competence and the criticism received from others.


The beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agent propranolol was shown to activate noradrenaline-N3 absorption by the rat isolated organs by 30-180%. The alpha-adrenoreceptor blocking agent phentolamine only activated by 30-55% the noradrenaline-N3 absorption in the organs possessing the postsynaptic alpha-adrenoreceptors (ductus semen, spleen and amsll intestine). The beta-adrenoreceptor activator isopropylnoradrenaline decreased the intensity of noradrenaline-N3 absorption in all the organs by 15-50%. The alpha-adrenoreceptor activating agents (urine and mesaton) only depressed the noradrenaline-N3 absorption by 20-45% in the organs possessing postsynaptic alpha-adrenoreceptors. The data obtained suggest existence of reverse transsynaptic regulatory effects via adrenoreceptors of the cell-effector on the processes of noradrenaline absorption by adrenergic neuron.


The development of catalysts with earth-abundant elements for efficient oxygen evolution reactions is of paramount significance for clean and sustainable energy storage and conversion devices. Our group demonstrated recently that the electrochemical tuning of catalysts via lithium insertion and extraction has emerged as a powerful approach to improve catalytic activity. Here we report a novel in situ electrochemical oxidation tuning approach to develop a series of binary, ternary, and quaternary transition metal (e.g., Co, Ni, Fe) oxides from their corresponding sulfides as highly active catalysts for much enhanced water oxidation. The electrochemically tuned cobalt–nickel–iron oxides grown directly on the three-dimensional carbon fiber electrodes exhibit a low overpotential of 232 mV at current density of 10 mA cm–2, small Tafel slope of 37.6 mV dec–1, and exceptional long-term stability of electrolysis for over 100 h in 1 M KOH alkaline medium, superior to most non-noble oxygen evolution catalysts reported so far. The materials evolution associated with the electrochemical oxidation tuning is systematically investigated by various characterizations, manifesting that the improved activities are attributed to the significant grain size reduction and increase of surface area and electroactive sites. This work provides a promising strategy to develop electrocatalysts for large-scale water-splitting systems and many other applications.


Wild Australian Sorghum species are a tertiary gene pool to grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and they are of interest to breeders because of their resistance to important insects and pathogens. However, strong reproductive barriers have prevented hybridization between S. bicolor and these wild species. The purpose of this study was to determine if the recessive iap allele (dominant allele Iap 5 inhibition of alien pollen) would reduce or eliminate the pollen–pistil incompatibilities that prevent hybridization between S. bicolor and divergent Sorghum species. Cytoplasmic male-sterile S. bicolor plants, homozygous for the iap allele, were pollinated with three divergent Sorghum species, S. angustum Blake, S. nitidum (Vahl) Pers., and S. macrospermum Garber. The pollen of these three wild species readily germinated and the pollen tubes grew to the base of the S. bicolor ovary within 2 h after pollination. Hybrid embryos were detected in the S. bicolor florets 13 to 20 d post-pollination. Sorghum bicolor 3 S. angustum and S. bicolor 3 S. nitidum hybrids were obtained using embryo rescue followed by in vitro culture techniques and hybrids between S. bicolor and S. macrospermum were obtained by simply germinating the hybrid seed. These hybrids were confirmed by their morphological and cytological traits. These findings clearly demonstrate that the recessive iap allele circumvents pollen–pistilincompatibilitiesinthegenusSorghumand permitshybrids to be made between S. bicolor and species of the tertiary gene pool.


Introduction.

The Permian rocks of the Doncaster district contain two groups of limestone, the Upper and Lower Magnesian Limestones respectively, of which the latter is the more important. They are separated by a number of beds of gypsiferous marl to which the term Middle Marl has been given. Below the Lower Limestone a small thickness of sand appears in places, and is known as the Basal Sand. The upper limit of the Permian is marked by the Upper Marl. By reason of the superior hardness of the limestones the ground occupied by these rocks is of comparatively high relief, the Lower Limestone rising above the Coal Measures to-the west in a bold escarpment. To the east there is a general fall in level to the great eastern plain, broken only in places by the smaller escarpment formed by the Upper Limestone. The distribution of the various members of the succession is shown on the accompanying sketch-map (Fig. 1).

Sedgwick1† first described and classified the Permian rocks of the east of England, including the Doncaster district. Some thirty years later J. W. Kirkby2 published an account which, while describing the main features of the lithology of the formation, deals particularly with its palaeontology. This account is still the most valuable in existence, for many of the localities noted are within the present area. W. T. Aveline, who mapped the ground in the original survey undertaken by the Geological Survey more than fifty years ago, was the first to recognise the true ...


The responsibility to identify, protect, look after and develop cultural and historical values in our surroundings - urban as well as rural - falls on the local authorities. This essay focus on local preserve programs for cultural landscapes in Sweden's municipalities. Programs for preserving cultural landscapes are important tools in the aim to reach a sustainable development of these values. The object of the essay is to delineate how the municipalities handle cultural landscapes in terms of how cultural and historical values is identified, how the landscape is divided and assessed and how different aspects of intangible and tangible values are taken into consideration. The author has adopted an approach inspired by the academic ethnology where the individual and her identity are focused. In the initial study of relevant literature the essay refers to the ethnologic anthology "Moderna landskap" (Modern Landscapes), which discuss the individual and her mutual connection to the surrounding landscape where she lives. An archeological approach on the same subject is also referred to, as well as the pioneering work "Kulturvardsprogram for Grangardsbygden" (Cultural preserve program for Grangardesbygden) and the Burra Charter. Based on the studied literature as a theoretical frame of reference, local cultural preserve programs for cultural landscapes from four Swedish municipalities are analyzed: Nacka, Vallentuna, Lund and Sodertalje. The guiding principles for the outline of the programs were developed in the end of the 1970's by the Swedish National Heritage Board and The National Board of Housing, Building and Planning. The aim was to make historical and cultural values a part of the physical planning of society, as4well as to contribute to a preservative attitude towards these values by the public at large. The analysis of the programs made in plain that all four municipalities have deviated from the ambitions of the National Heritage Board. The programs were supposed to consist partly of a fixed part with a historical analyze of the cultural landscape in the municipality in general as well as selected landscapes, and partly of a plan of action open for revise. Accordingly the preservation programs of cultural landscapes were meant to be an active program but have now turned into a passive document, consisting solely of selected and valued landscapes. And it does not address to the public but act only as an instrument of physical planning. Without plan of action and connection to the public, the municipalities fail to secure a long-term preservation of the landscapes as well as missthe chance to let the programs be a part of the development of the concerned areas. But the programs could work as a solid base in the engagement and responsibility of the public in this matter, concerning historical and cultural values in our cultivated and built environment. The individual is unfortunately missing as a collaborator in the preservation process. The outline of the four analyzed programs varies. The two programs of Nacka and Vallentuna represent opposite poles. Nacka has produced a traditional preservation program with landscapes delimited selected into narrow areas of high values. The concerned landscapes correspond to a character that is similar to that of cultural reserves. This leads to the risk of future fragmentize of the landscape as a whole, due to the fact that only a small part of the cultural landscape of the municipality is included in the local authorities' ambition to preserve. The rest is "unexplored regions". Vallentuna on the other hand has produced a program that characterizes the landscape at whole, at the expense of details such as close descriptions of physical structures. The tangible presuppose the intangible. A cultural landscape is an intangible fact as well as a tangible, and because of this, the intangible dimension must be regard to in the same way as we today assess tangible values. Public engagement in the preservation process and the consideration of intangible values becomes one and the same aim, because the engagement of the individual can be a method to identify intangible valuesin the cultural landscape. It is also an opportunity to handle the rich information of the landscape, a landscape that work as a vast and complex phenomenon. The responsibility to secure cultural and historical values5in our environment is then no longer a question only for the local authorities; it is a question for one and all.


A new dibenzo[24]crown-8 derivative (1) was synthesized and functionalized with aromatic moieties such as naphthalene and coumarin units. These two fluorophores are known to form an effective FRET (Forster resonance energy transfer) pair, and this formed the basis for the design of this host crown ether derivative. Results of the steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence studies confirmed the resonance energy transfer between the donor naphthalene moiety and acceptor coumarin fragment, while NMR spectra and computational studies support a folded conformation for the uncomplexed crown ether 1. This was found to form an inclusion complex, a [2]pseudorotaxane type with imidazolium ion derivatives as the guest molecules with varying alkyl chain lengths ([C(4)mim](+) or [C(10)mim](+)). The host crown ether (1) tends to adopt an open conformation on formation of the interwoven inclusion complex (1·[C(4)mim](+) or 1·[C(10)mim](+)). This change in conformation, from the folded to a open one, was predicted by computational as well as (1)H NMR studies and was confirmed by single crystal X-ray structure for one (1·[C(4)mim](+)) of the two inclusion complexes. The increase in the effective distance between the naphthalene and coumarin moieties in the open conformation of these inclusion complexes was also supported by the decrease in the effective FRET process that was operational between naphthalene and coumarin moieties in the free molecule (1). Importantly, this inclusion complex formation was found to be reversible, and in the presence of a stronger base/polar solvent, such as triethyl amine/DMSO, the deprotonation/effective solvation of the cationic imidizolium ions ([C(4)mim](+) or [C(10)mim](+)) resulted in decomplexation or dethreading with restoration of the original emission spectra for 1, which signifies the subsequent increase in the FRET process. Thus we could demonstrate that a molecular folding-unfolding type of movement in the crown ether derivative could be induced by chemical input as an imidazolium ion.


In the performance of poetry, some performers occasionally use a certain 'softened' voice quality, deviating from that of the context, for emotive expression. We explored how listeners perceive such instances through a combined methodology of eliciting open-ended descriptions and ratings of pre-defined terms on ordinal scales. The collected responses confirm our intuitions that listeners are sensitive to this voice quality, which gives rise to impressions, such as affection, yearning, and contemplation. The chosen methodology allowed us, through variations between verbal and numerical responses, to observe the interaction of this voice quality with other factors, such as semantic content and other salient voice qualities. Finally, the responses highlight the distinction between two delivery styles used by performers — an impassive, grave style, typical of poetry recitals, on the one hand, and a more emotional "theatrical" style, on the other hand.


The paper treats practical and theoretical aspects of the applied strategic analysis having been developed by the author utilized by an organization in the process of its strategic after-sales service aspects research, the after-sales service score, basing on the score of the same name of the balanced scorecard. The methodology of the research consists of the concept of the balanced scorecard by Kaplan R. S., and Norton D. P. and the concept of the applied strategic analysis developed by the author. The applied strategic after-sales service analysis is assumed to encompass comparative assessment, variances diagnostics and forecast of the balanced scorecard after-sales service score value within the organization strategic goals. The analysis comprises the speed of billing, payment for the goods sold, arbitrations settlement as well as analysis of due updating of the goods delivered, speed of warranty and repair excellence, and speed of poor quality goods replacement (in case of the delivery). The applied strategic after-sales service analysis commences with the comparative assessment of the outcome indicators values for the speed of billing, payment for the goods sold, arbitrations settlement and is completed with the forecast of the factoring indicators values of speed of poor quality goods replacement (in case of the delivery). The results can be applied for long-, middle- and short-term managerial decisions development in the field of the after-sales service organization activity. The methodical instruments of the applied strategic after-sales service analysis includes methods of absolute, relative and average values, comparison, grouping, graphical and table methods, correlation-regression analysis, factoring analysis, cluster analysis, as well as expert evaluation method. The conclusion is drawn that the applied strategic after-sales service analysis is a new and sufficiently effective tool to research strategic aspects of the organization after-sales service activity and to form an analytical support for the strategic after-sales service management in the present-day economic environment. Keywords: applied strategic analysis, balanced scorecard, after-sales service, management, organization JEL codes: L29, M19, M41 DOI : 10.7176/EJBM/11-24-06 Publication date : August 31 st 2019


ABSTRACT Research Findings: We examined low-income children's temperament (regulatory and reactive) as a predictor of their self-regulation, and teacher-child relationship (closeness and conflict) as a moderator of associations between child temperament and selfregulation. This study involved 291 children (132 girls) (Mage = 53.88 months, SD = 6.44 months) from three EduCare programs. Parents reported on children's temperament and teachers reported on qualities of teacher–child relationships during fall. Direct assessments of self-regulation were conducted during the following spring and summer. Hierarchical regression models using SAS PROCMIXED were employed to account for nesting of children within classrooms. Bivariate analyses revealed that teacher-child closeness was positively associated with children's self-regulation, and teacher-child conflict was inversely associated with children's self-regulation. After controlling for demographic variables, regression analyses showed that higher levels of conflict combined with lower temperamental regulation was related to lower self-regulation. Lower levels of child temperamental regulation was related to higher self-regulation when teacher-child conflict was low. Practice and Policy: Findings suggest that reducing conflictual teacher-child conflict could be beneficial for children's selfregulation, particularly for children with low regulatory temperament. A focus on enhancing teacher self-regulation, for example, through mindfulness practices, is a promising approach to reducing teacher-child conflict.


1 Zagury D, Bernard J, Leibowitch J, et al. HTLV-III in cells cultured from semen of two patients with AIDS. Science 1984;226:449-5 1. 2 Ho DD, Schooley RT, Rota TR, et al. HTLV-III in the semen and blood of a healthy homosexual man. Science 1984;226: 45 1-3. 3 Levy JA, Kaminsky LS, Morrow WJW, et al. Infection by the retrovirus associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1985;103:694-9. 4 Ratner L, Haseltine W, Patarca R, et al. Complete nucleotide sequence of the AIDS virus, HTLV-III. Nature 1985;313: 277-84. 5 Zagury D, Fouchard M, Vol JC, et al. Detection of infectious HTLV-III/LAV virus in cell-free plasma from AIDS patients. Lancet 1985;ii:505-6. 6 Groopman JE, Salahuddin SZ, Samgadharan MG, et al. HTLVIII in saliva of people with AIDS related complex and healthy homosexual men at risk for AIDS. Science 1984;226:447-9.


IntroductionAlterations in duration of gestation and fetal growth such as preterm birth (PTB) or small and large for gestational age (SGA, LGA) have long-term consequences on respiratory health. The risk of health services use for respiratory conditions in infants born PTB, SGA or LGA in Canada needs to be evaluated.
Objectives and ApproachWe evaluated the association between PTB, SGA and LGA and health services utilization for respiratory diseases in early childhood. We linked three administrative health databases to identify all singleton live births in Alberta between 2005-2010. We obtained data on the number of hospital admissions and emergency department (ED) visits in the first five years of life for acute upper respiratory infections, acute lower respiratory infections, wheezing disorders, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and influenza and pneumonia. Odds ratios (OR) of health services use for PTB, SGA, LGA were calculated adjusting for important covariates (e.g., maternal age, sex, socioeconomic status, total antepartum risk score).
ResultsThe cohort contained 206,994 infants of whom 9.1% were PTB, 8.5% were SGA and 9.4% were LGA. Babies born prematurely (PTB) were more likely to have a respiratory disease in the first five years of life than babies experienced fetal growth alterations (SGA or LGA). PTB increased significantly the odds of acute lower respiratory infections by 30 to 90%, of wheezing disorders by 40 to 70%, of influenza and pneumonia by 30 to 60%, and of acute upper respiratory infections by 10 to 50%. By contrast, SGA increased the odds of bronchopulmonary dysplasia by 3 to 300%, and LGA increased the odds of acute upper respiratory infections by 11 to 18% and of acute lower respiratory infections by 8 to 11%.
Conclusion/ImplicationsPrematurity and alterations in fetal growth are associated with increased hospital and ED admissions in early childhood. The patterns differ for PTB, SGA, and LGA. Linkage of administrative health data provides useful epidemiological evidence to inform the burden of early childhood respiratory diseases resulting from adverse birth outcomes.


The major new result is the behavior of the intensity of electromagnetic radiation in Lobachevskian (hyperbolic) spaces. Equation (2) expresses change in intensity vs. space curvature and distance. Non existence of Olbers paradox in a Lobachevskian universe is shown. A new electromagnetic method for detection of gravitational waves is proposed. Explanation of observed perioditicy in redshifts is given. Problems of deep space communications are discussed.


Visual assessment is a process to understand the state of a structure based on evaluations originating from visual data. Low-cost, high-performance vision sensors are providing new avenues for overcoming the spatial and temporal limitation in current human-based visual assessment when used in conjunction with aerial sensing platforms. However, past implementations are limited in their ability to deal with a high volume of images while only a small fraction of them are important for actual inspection. Such difficulty induces an unwanted high rate of false-positive and negative errors, reducing the trustworthiness and efficiency of their implementation. To overcome this challenge, we develop and validate a novel automated image localization and classification technique to extract regions-of-interest (ROIs) on each of images, which contain the target region of the structure for visual evaluation (TRI). First, ROIs are extracted based on the geometric relationship between the collected images and the TRIs using structure-from-motion algorithm. Second, unwanted ROIs corrupted by occlusion and image blur are effectively filtered by a robust image classification technique, called convolutional neural network. Then, a damage detection technique is applied only on such highly relevant and localized ROI images. The capability of the technique is demonstrated using a full-scale highway sign structure for the case of crack detection on weld connections.


In this work, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocrystals were prepared via spray pyrolysis process under high electric field, and were used for tuning the light scattering properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) sheets by embedding their nanopowders in PMMA matrix. The effect of processing conditions such as precursor concentration and calcination temperature on morphology and particle size was investigated. The sprayed and calcined TiO2 nanopowders were characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM. The intensity of the light radiation for TiO2/PMMA hybrid sheets was measured using a LUX meter. It was suggested that the efficiency of TiO2 nanocrystals can be increased dramatically by controlling both the particle size and the morphology. For TiO2/PMMA nanocomposite hybrid sheets, the light scattering capability was found to be about 15 times higher than that of pristine PMMA sheets at the distance of 30 cm.


This paper shows an algorithm to deal with a scheduling problem that requires to deal with conditions related to the selections of activities and preferences for the selection of resources. The scheduling problem could be initially thought as a Flow Shop Scheduling (a particular case of a Job Shop Scheduling) [French,82]. The main difference respect to a Flow Shop Scheduling is that in our problem each activity does not require a (specified) machine but rather a member of a (specified) group of machines. Roughly speaking, we could say that discrete resources have to be considered instead of unary resources [OPL,99] [I,Sch-R,99], (many machines with identical characteristics to perform each process instead of just one machine for each process). Nevertheless, the output must specify the particular machine used by each activity and therefore the machines with identical characteristics have to be distinguished and as a result, sets of alternative resources have to be used instead of discrete resources [I,Sch-R,99]. The scheduling problem to be solved consist of n jobs to be performed using m groups of machines. Each job is described as a list of m activities of given processing times, to be executed in that order. Each activity uses a member of the associated group of machines. For each group of machines, there is a list of attributes. Each activity that uses a member of the corresponding group has values defined for each one of the attributes. Besides, there is a list of conditions associated to each attribute. Depending on the values of the attributes associated to the activities, the conditions will be fulfilled or unfulfilled. Formally, the conditions are defined as a function of the values of the attributes of the involved activities. In addition, the convenience of selecting a particular machine depends on the values of the attributes of the activity to be scheduled. The problem is to assign each activity to a starting time and to a specific machine, trying to verify the conditions aforementioned on one hand, and selecting machines according to the values of the attributes of the activities on the other hand. Finally, conditions (related to the selection of activities) and conveniences (for selecting machines) have associated weighs. This work shows an algorithm to select activities and machines taking into account these weighs.


We compared human and bovine isolates of Salmonella enterica using antimicrobial-drug resistance profiles and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. From 2000 through 2006, we observed an increase in a novel multidrug-resistant clone of S. Typhimurium with no recognized phage type. This clone may represent an emerging epidemic strain in the Pacific Northwest.


The isothermal fatigue damage and life behaviors of SCS-6/Timetal 21S (0/90)s were investigated at 650 C. Strain ratcheting and degradation of the composite's static elastic modulus were carefully monitored as functions of cycles to indicate damage progression. Extensive fractographic and metallographic analyses were conducted to determine damage/failure mechanisms. Resulting fatigue lives show considerable reductions in comparison to (0) reinforced titanium matrix composites subjected to comparable conditions. Notable stiffness degradations were found to occur after the first cycle of loading, even at relatively low maximum stress levels, where cyclic lives are greater than 25,000 cycles. This was attributed to the extremely weak fiber/matrix bond which fails under relatively low transverse loads. Stiffness degradations incurred on first cycle loadings and degradations thereafter were found to increase with increasing maximum stress. Environmental effects associated with oxidation of the (90) fiber interfaces clearly played a role in the damage mechanisms as fracture surfaces revealed environment assisted matrix cracking along the (90) fibers. Metallographic analysis indicated that all observable matrix fatigue cracks initiated at the (90) fiber/matrix interfaces. Global de-bonding in the loading direction was found along the (90) fibers. No surface initiated cracks were evident and minimal if any (0) fiber cracking was visible.


The range and variety of the Scottish writer Frank Kuppner, as evidenced in the ten books which were published in the last century, are such that many people just did not know where to start. Here, is the place to do so, at least, where the poetry is concerned - the author's own selection from his five books of poetry: "A Bad day for the Sung Dynasty" (1984), "The Intelligent Observation of Naked Women" (1987), "Ridiculous! Absurd! Disgusting!" (1989), "Everything is Strange" (1994), "Second Best Moments in Chinese History" (1997). With a miniature epic in fragments, "The Kuppneriad", as a bonus. Love, China, wisdom, humour, variable taste, and reticence about botany. It's all here. Or, more accurately, some of it is here.


With the increase of installed renewable capacity in offshore areas, the uncertainty and randomness of wind speed and solar radiation have a significant impact on the power system. Therefore, it is necessary to study the offshore multi-energy system. A traditional offshore community with hybrid energy storage system (HESS) installation usually participates in demand response program to improve system economy. However, due to the high price and low discharge power of the HESS, it cannot response to the loads effectively. This paper introduces water electrolysis and on-board hydrogen storage technologies to an offshore community, so as to effectively optimize the operation of system. Subsequently, to analyze the impact of climate change on system operation, the concept of loads matching degree is firstly defined. Results show that compared with the traditional offshore multi-energy system, the improved system can significantly reduce system operation costs and carbon emissions by 23.02% and 48.43%, respectively.


Background: The use of cancer-related biomarkers in newborns has been very limited. Objective: We investigated the formation of micronuclei (MN) in full-term and preterm newborns and their mothers from the Rhea cohort (Crete), applying for the first time in cord blood a validated semiautomated analysis system, in both mono- and binucleated T lymphocytes. Methods: We assessed MN frequencies in peripheral blood samples from the mothers and in umbilical cord blood samples. We calculated MN in mononucleated (MNMONO) and binucleated (MNBN) T lymphocytes and the cytokinesis block proliferation index (CBPI) in 251 newborns (224 full term) and 223 mothers, including 182 mother–child pairs. Demographic and lifestyle characteristics were collected. Results: We observed significantly higher MNBN and CBPI levels in mothers than in newborns. In newborns, MNMONO and MNBN were correlated (r = 0.35, p < 0.001), and we found a moderate correlation between MNMONO in mothers and newborns (r = 0.26, p < 0.001). MNMONO frequencies in newborns were positively associated with the mother's body mass index and inversely associated with gestational age and mother's age, but we found no significant predictors of MNBN or CBPI in newborns. Conclusions: Although confirmation is needed by a larger study population, the results indicate the importance of taking into account both mono- and binucleated T lymphocytes for biomonitoring of newborns, because the first reflects damage expressed during in vivo cell division and accumulated in utero, and the latter includes additional damage expressed as MN during the in vitro culture step.


Spongy radiolarians are described from strata of the Roadian Stage (Guadalupian, middle Permian) exposed in a small quarry (Quarry section) in the Guadalupe Mountains,West Texas. These radiolarians are assigned to the orders Entactinaria (conditionally) and Spumellaria. Two new families Hegleriidae and Glomispinidae are proposed. The genus Hegleria Nazarov and Ormiston and its two species, H. mammilla (Sheng andWang) and H. mammifera Nazarov and Ormiston are discussed. Based on an analysis of the distribution and preservation of the illustrated specimens of these two species in the literature, it is proposed that the species H. mammilla should be considered as nomen dubium. The genus Uberinterna Sashida and Tonishi and one species Copicyntra simulens Nazarov and Ormiston are revised. Five new genera, Texasospongites, Allenispongus, Cutoffella, Glomispina, and Orminazarella, and ten new species Texasospongites fazleevi, Allenispongus nobilis, Cutoffella perplexa, Glomispina mirifica, Uberinterna hearstae, U. ancestralis, Provisocyntra vancouveringi, Orminazarella nuda, Paracopicyntra bella, and Copiellintra variabilis are described.


We derive a set of equations monitoring the evolution of covariant and gauge-invariant linear scalar perturbations of Friedman-Lema\^itre-Robertson-Walker models with multiple interacting non-linear scalar fields. We use a dynamical systems' approach in order to perform a stability analysis for some classes of scalar field potentials. In particular, using a recent approximation for the inflationary dynamics of the background solution, we derive conditions under which homogenization occurs for chaotic (quadratic and quartic potentials) and new inflation. We also prove a cosmic no-hair result for power-law inflation and its generalisation for two scalar fields with independent exponential potentials (assisted power-law inflation).


We present Riptide, a distributed, cooperative Web caching system. Riptide distributes nodes throughout the infrastructure to serve and manage Web content. Riptide is constructed on the OceanStore distributed storage system and inherits OceanStore''s scalability and self-configuration. Nodes may be added or removed as desired. New resources are integrated and begin serving requests automatically; attempts to access unavailable resources are transparently routed to alternative providers. Because the underlying system supports mobile data, copies of content may be moved without expensive directory update protocols. Consequently, the load of serving documents may be quickly redistributed to any of the nodes in the underlying system. We describe the architecture of Riptide and present a preliminary performance evaluation of the implemented system running under a simulated workload.


We determined the effects of noninfective reovirus components on cellular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis. Reovirus inactivated by ultraviolet light inhibited cellular DNA synthesis, whereas reovirus cores and empty capsids did not. Both cores and empty capsids were adsorbed to cells. Adenine-rich ribonucleic acid (RNA) from reovirus, adsorbed to cells in the presence of diethyl-aminoethyl-dextran, produced a partial inhibition of DNA synthesis. RNA was synthesized in the presence of actinomycin D after infection with ultraviolet light-irradiated reovirus, and this RNA synthesis was not due to multiplicity reactivation of virus infectivity. These data suggest that viral structural proteins do not inhibit DNA synthesis and that the inhibition produced by ultraviolet-irradiated virus may be mediated in part or in toto by a newly synthesized viral product.


Abstract : This report documents results of a research project entitled Future Individual Training Strategies. The overall project objectives are to identify and assess alternative training strategies that may be more efficient and affordable than current techniques for conducting Army individual training, with special attention given to resident training conducted in U.S. Army schools. Here the authors present results of one of three case studies of specialized skill training in an Army military specialty. Each case study examines current job requirements and training approaches, identifies alternative methods of conducting training consistent with new Army training concepts, and analyzes resources, costs, and potential consequences of changes in training strategy.


In this paper we numerically investigate nonlinear impairments in a WDM system with mixed PM (D)QPSK and OOK channels. First we analyze the dependence of XPM and XPolM on SOP and baud rate in absence of PMD. In this case we find that the nonlinear impairments are highly dependent on relative SOP between the PM (D)QPSK and neighbouring OOK channels. The dependence on relative SOP is more pronounced in differential detection than in coherent detection. However, with increasing values of PMD this dependence decreases, and non-linear tolerance improves.


Much attention has been paid in recent years to issues associated with corporate governance and there have been significant changes and developments in the governance arrangements in the UK higher education sector. In this context, the research reported here explores the perceptions held by governing body members in English higher education institutions of the roles of their governing bodies. Governing body members' perceptions of the effectiveness of their governing bodies are also considered.

The research uses a series of case studies, involving the collection and analysis of data gathered in interviews with governing body members and senior staff in seven English higher education institutions. These data are used to explore the views of governing body members with regard to the roles and effectiveness of their governing bodies, and to compare their perceptions with external expectations. The predictions of governance theory with regard to the roles of boards and board members are also considered and compared to the lived experience of those roles as perceived by governing body members.

The study reveals some degree of variability in the approaches to governance at different types of institution, but also many common features. The latter include marked differences between the roles undertaken by governing body members and the roles envisaged for them in formal guidance. Governing body members are shown to be content to delegate their responsibilities for educational character to academics. Effectiveness in higher education governance is revealed to be complex and multi-faceted. The particular importance to effectiveness of board processes and interaction between governing body members is demonstrated. It is shown that no single governance theory offers a full explanation for the described behaviour and approaches of governing body members, but that aspects of different theoretical positions offer useful explanatory insights when taken together.


Our knowledge of the Cree dialect continuum has benefited from nearly four centuries of lexicography, the earliest of which saw manuscripts produced by Christian missionaries as tools for evangelization. As esteemed as the extant dictionaries may be, very few indepth studies have been undertaken to assess their value relative to one another and to the historical and modern dialects of the continuum. This study represents one such attempt — a thorough examination of Jesuit Jean-Baptiste de la Brosse's (1724–1782) Radicum Montanarum Silva (1766–1772), a bilingual Latin manuscript dictionary of the dialects termed Nehirawewin by their speakers and Montagnais by the lexicographer. By comparing this dictionary with the three sources used by La Brosse, this paper examines the practice of Jesuit lexicography and reminds us of the pitfalls that arise from an uninformed use of such manuscripts.


Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are the enzymes responsible for nitric oxide (NO) generation. NO is a free radical which reacts with various molecules to cause multiple biological effects. It is clear that the generation and actions of NO under physiological and pathophysiological conditions are exquisitely regulated and extend to almost every cell type and function within the circulation. While the molecule mediates many physiological functions, an excessive presence of NO is toxic to cells. The enzyme NOS, constitutively or inductively, catalyses the production of NO in several biological systems. NO is derived not only from NOS isoforms but also from NOS-independent sources. In mammals, to date, three distinct NOS isoforms have been identified: neuronal NOS (nNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS), and endothelial NOS (eNOS). The molecular structure, enzymology and pharmacology of these enzymes have been well defined, and reveal critical roles for the NOS system in a variety of important physiological processes. This review focuses on recent advances in the understanding of the interactions between NOS enzymes and pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and the role of NO agonists as potential therapeutic agents in treatment of CVD.


We tested whether adenosine mediates nitric oxide (NO)-dependent and NO-independent dilation in coronary and aortic smooth muscle and whether age selectively impairs NO-dependent adenosine relaxation. Responses to adenosine and the relatively nonselective analog 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) were studied in coronary vessels and aortas from immature (1-2 mo), mature (3-4 mo), and moderately aged (12-18 mo) Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats. Adenosine and NECA induced biphasic concentration-dependent coronary vasodilation, with data supporting high-sensitivity (pEC(50) = 5.2-5.8) and low-sensitivity (pEC(50) = 2.3-2.4) adenosine sites. Although sensitivity to adenosine and NECA was unaltered by age, response magnitude declined significantly. Treatment with 50 microM N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) markedly inhibited the high-sensitivity site, although response magnitude still declined with age. Aortic sensitivity to adenosine declined with age (pEC(50) = 4.7 +/- 0.2, 3.5 +/- 0.2, and 2.9 +/- 0.1 in immature, mature, and moderately aged aortas, respectively), and the adenosine receptor transduction maximum also decreased (16.1 +/- 0.8, 12.9 +/- 0.7, and 9.6 +/- 0.7 mN/mm(2) in immature, mature, and moderately aged aortas, respectively). L-NAME decreased aortic sensitivity to adenosine in immature and mature tissues but was ineffective in the moderately aged aorta. Data collectively indicate that 1) adenosine mediates NO-dependent and NO-independent coronary and aortic relaxation, 2) maturation and aging reduce NO-independent and NO-dependent adenosine responses, and 3) the age-related decline in aortic response also involves a reduction in the adenosine receptor transduction maximum.


The integration of menstrual hygiene management (MHM) into existing water, sanitation and hygiene approaches in low-income countries is long overdue. This briefing paper presents an illustrative overview of existing research, programming and policy to date, with recommendations for the way forward in terms of research and programming priority areas. Of critical importance to any approach is the incorporation of girls' voiced experiences and perspectives on their own needs for managing menses successfully in school, and the importance of adapting interventions to the local context. While attention to the issue of MHM for school girls is growing, much remains to be done, and the water and sanitation community has an important role to play in moving this effort forward.


OBJECTIVE
To observe the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data changes of default mode network (DMN) in chronic sciatica patients in the resting network state treated by acupuncture, and to study the correlation between DMN and the consisting effects after acupuncture analgesia.

METHODS
Weizhong (BL40) and Huantiao (GB30) of the patients' lower limbs were selected as the main points to acupuncture for ten times. The whole brain was scanned using fMRI. The independent component analysis (ICA) was adopted to get DMN information. The brain DMN function link was analyzed in the two groups of subjects.

RESULTS
The DMN images were obtained in all subjects after DMN fMRI data processing. The main DMN differences between the sciatica patients group and the healthy control group were demonstrated as decreased activities of DLPFC and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). After acupuncture, activities of these regions basically recovered to normal. The DMN of healthy volunteers shown by fMRI data in the RNS mainly existed in the precuneus, BA7, BA10, and ACC.

CONCLUSION
MRI images of DMN in the RNS could reflect chronic pain, which was suitable for studies on the effects after acupuncture analgesia.


The paper deals with the notion of headedness, as applied to dimutive suffixation. Following evidence from Modern Greek and its dialects, we propose that diminutive suffixes are heads of their constructions on the basis of certain criteria. First, the inflectional paradigms of a number of diminutive formations show irregularities and gaps that are not justified by the inflectional behavior of the base. Second, diminutive suffixes may change a semantic feature of the base, specialize its meaning, and transmit to the formation the morphosyntactic features of gender and inflection class. Moreover, they are subject to subcategorization and selectional criteria, as opposed to inflectional markers, the distribution of which is more or less free. Assuming that headedness characterizes derivational suffixes, but not the inflectional ones, we demonstrate that Modern Greek diminution belongs to the derivational domain.


Likelihood-free inference methods typically make use of a distance between simulated and real data. A common example is the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD), which has previously been used for approximate Bayesian computation, minimum distance estimation, generalised Bayesian inference, and within the nonparametric learning framework. The MMD is commonly estimated at a root-$m$ rate, where $m$ is the number of simulated samples. This can lead to significant computational challenges since a large $m$ is required to obtain an accurate estimate, which is crucial for parameter estimation. In this paper, we propose a novel estimator for the MMD with significantly improved sample complexity. The estimator is particularly well suited for computationally expensive smooth simulators with low- to mid-dimensional inputs. This claim is supported through both theoretical results and an extensive simulation study on benchmark simulators.


The characteristics of the basolateral transport of D-glucose (D-Glc) and D-fructose (D-Fru) have been studied in membrane vesicles from the jejunum of 5- to 6-wk-old chickens. Uptake of hexoses was measured using a rapid filtration method. The maximal rate of transport (Vmax) for D-Glc was 2.36 nmol x mg(-1) x s(-1) and for D-Fru was 3.79 nmol x mg(-1) x s(-1). The Michaelis constants were 17.3 mmol/l for D-Glc and 40.4 mmol/l for D-Fru. D-Glc inhibited its own transport (Ki = 17.4 mmol/l) and the transport of D-Fru (Ki = 18.7 mmol/l). D-Fru inhibited its own transport (Ki = 38.1 mmol/l) and the transport of D-Glc (Ki = 40.3 mmol/l). The transport of both hexoses was Na+ independent, theophylline and cytochalasin B sensitive, and showed cis-inhibition by structural analogs. In preloaded vesicles, the uptake of D-Fru was trans-stimulated by D-Glc and 2-deoxy-D-glucose. These properties indicate the presence of a low-affinity high-capacity glucose transporter isoform (GLUT-2)-type carrier in the chicken intestine, responsible for moving both D-Glc and D-Fru across the basolateral membrane.


One implementation of broadcast-based networks is Simultaneous Optical Multiprocessor Exchange Bus (SOMEBus). It is a low-latency, high-bandwidth, fiber-optic network that directly connects each processing node to all other nodes without contention. To better utilize the communication network and reduce the completion time of a parallel application, this paper describes the Key Message (KM) approach on SOME-Bus clusters. After presenting KM algorithm with SOME-Bus structure, an example is analyzed to evaluate its performance. The analysis result shows improved performance of communication of a parallel application over a system that does not use the KM approach.


Physical simulation and rendering of cloth is widely used in 3D graphics applications to create realistic and compelling scenes. However, cloth animation can be slow to compute and difficult to specify. In this paper, we present a set of experiments in which we explore some factors that contribute to the perception of cloth, to determine how efficiency could be improved without sacrificing realism. Using real video footage of several fabrics covering a wide range of visual appearances and dynamic behaviors, and their simulated counterparts, we explore the interplay of visual appearance and dynamics in cloth animation.


Cluster initiatives are a popular instrument of public policy everywhere in the world. This development acknowledges that the organisational units that create added value are not isolated individual businesses, but networks of actors. Our research has the objective to better understand value creation of single firms embedded in clusters in terms of overlapping value adding webs of single firms. The main focus of the paper is on how to describe and operationalise and how to manage social and symbolic capital in clusters. The fact that the main source of value creation is rooted within networks raises the question of the impact of social capital on relational rents. The main objectives of this paper therefore are to investigate how value creation on the relational level of a cluster can be systematised to come to a better understanding of valuable resources on the cluster level. Empirically the study refers to a regional cluster in Southern Jutland in Denmark. We found that the horizontal actors in the cluster see the core of initiated cluster activities rather on the edge of their business activities. The paper develops implications for the cluster firms as well as the cluster management in its role as a broker and a moderator.


Summary

1
Spatially explicit Bayesian clustering techniques offer a powerful tool for ecology and wildlife management, as genetic divisions can be correlated with landscape features. We used these methods to analyse the genetic structure of a population of European wild boar Sus scrofa with the aim of identifying effective barriers for disease management units. However, it has been suggested that the methods could produce biased results when faced with deviations from random mating not caused by genetic discontinuities, such as isolation by distance (IBD).

2
We analysed a data set consisting of 697 wild boar multilocus genotypes using spatially explicit (baps, geneland) and non-explicit (structure) Bayesian methods. We also simulated and analysed data sets characterized by different degrees of IBD, with and without genetic discontinuities.

3
When analysing the empirical data set, different programs did not converge on the same clustering solution and some clusters were difficult to explain biologically. Results from the simulated data showed that IBD, also present in the empirical data set, could cause the Bayesian methods to overestimate genetic structure. Simulated barriers were identified correctly, but the programs superimposed further clusters at higher IBD levels .

4
It was not possible to ascertain with confidence whether the clustering solutions offered by the various programs were an accurate reflection of population genetic structure in our empirical data set or were artefacts created by the underlying IBD pattern.

5
Synthesis and applications: We show that Bayesian clustering methods can overestimate genetic structure when analysing an individual-based data set characterized by isolation by distance. This bias could lead to the erroneous delimitation of management or conservation units. Investigators should be critical and suspicious of clusters that cannot be explained biologically. Data sets should be tested for isolation by distance and conclusions should not be based on the output from just one method.