Nasarullah*, Raiz uddin*, Fakhar Uddin* and Muhammad Jamal* ABSTRACT:Pakistan has been blessed with wide range of environmental conditions ranging from plains to mountains. Wheat is grown throughout the country to feed more than 200 million people. To get maximum yield, high yielding genotypes suitable to diverse agro-climatic conditions are needed. However, so for few varieties have been developed that can efficiently grow in different environments. This is one of the reasons for lower wheat production in the country. Current experiment was conducted to monitor stability of yield potential of 15 diverse wheat genotypes at Skardu-Gilgit-Baltistan (Northern and mountainous region of Pakistan) and Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, during wheat crop season 2011-2012 using RCB design with three replications. The genetic material was comprised of 9 nationally released cultivars, three advance line from Tajikistan, one from China and two locally grown cultivars. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes, locations and genotype by environment interactions for days to heading, days to maturity, plant height (cm), spike length (cm), spikelets spike , 1000-grain weight and grain yield. Flag leaf area (cm displayed non-significant differences across environments and its interaction with genotypes. Mean values across the environments range between 147.17 to 174.00, 190.83 to 202.83, 23.32 to 54.13,78.40 to 115.17, 9.72 to 13.08, 16.33 to 23.80 for days to heading, maturity, flag leaf area, plant height, spike length and spikelets spike , respectively. The estimates of broad sense heritability were high for all studied traits. Similarly, genetic advance was also high for all studied traits except days to heading and maturity where genetic advance was low. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance indicated the effectiveness of selection in early generation for the improvement of these traits. Genotypes Faisalabad-2008 and line from Tajikistan (2S-3094) performed better for most of yield and associated traits across both environments therefore could be an asset for plant breeders to breed genotypes suitable for diverse environments. -1


Natural products have potential of containing agents for various diseases. The increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria has revived the interest in alternative antimicrobial substances from natural resources to control the pathogenic micro-organisms. The antimicrobial activity of few macrofungal species isolated from Rani-Garbhanga Reserve forest areas of Assam were used for screening of antimicrobial potential. Auricularia auricula-judae, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus tuber-regium, Pycnoporous sanguineus, Schizophyllum commune, Trametes elegans, Trametes versicolor and Tremella fuciformis are investigated against a panel of standard bacteria. The tested microorganisms includes Bacillus subtillis MTCC 736, Salmonella typhi MTCC 3216, Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 3160, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 7837 and Eschercia coli MTCC 40. Among the macrofungal species studied the ethanolic extracts of four macrofungi showed satisfactory results. Macrofungal extracts analyzed (water and ethanol) showed wider inhibition zones in disc-diffusion method for Trametes elegans and found to be most effective followed by Pleurotus tuber-regium, Auricularia auricular-judae. The phytochemical screening of the macro fungal extracts revealed the presence of secondary metabolites like glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids and saponins, etc. The present study reveals the biopharmaceutical potential of few indigenous macrofungal species of Rani-Garbhanga Reserve forest areas of Assam.


Lowland Flooding and Management is not a distinct discipline in itself, but rather involves the understanding of spatial planning, vulnerability, risk, and resilience and adaptation to climate change. This study documented a 17-week multidisciplinary course taught in a graduate program in a university in Taiwan adopting problem-based learning (PBL). This course emphasized systemic understanding that should underlie lowland flooding management and sought to address issues from a holistic and multidisciplinary approach, rather than traditional classroom-based structure-oriented strategies. As the course balanced advanced reading, lectures, fieldwork, and exercises, students applied their practical background knowledge, based on international and multidisciplinary experiences, with an understanding of relevant and domain-specific theory and tools. In terms of international and multidisciplinary experiences, students were under the guidance and received the support of professionals from multiple fields, including engineering, education, and design and from a multitude of backgrounds, including academia, industry, and government. In terms of domain-specific theory and tools, the projects were based on a graduate level lowland flooding course which included students from a variety of cultural backgrounds. Based on students' active learning processes and experience sharing, feasible strategies for the sustainable management of lowland areas were developed through two distinct projects addressing real-world problems: an urban underpass flooding issue and the rejuvenation of a failed community floating garden project. Different instructional approaches to PBL were adopted for these two projects, evaluating the role of collaboration and competition in problem-solving tasks. Thus, while the Underpass Flooding project involved students working separately and competitively in groups on solutions to the same problem (emphasizing the planning stage, with evaluation of group performance), the Floating Garden project involved a collaborative model in which different groups were assigned interdependent roles in accomplishing an authentic implementation of hydraulic engineering to a project which required the consideration of budget and time constraints. This study adopted a single-sample experimental design, utilizing research instruments and data analysis of pre-tests, mid-tests, and post-tests for the dependent variables of learning motivation, professional skills, creative thinking, and problem solving abilities which yielded promising results in the context of this exploratory study. Furthermore, participants' final reports, which proposed solutions to the real-world issues, were adopted and implemented in certain policy making decisions by the city government. The results suggest that a multidisciplinary PBL, adopting a real-life problem and embracing the social context, was effective in providing the type of nurturing environment for enhancing students' background knowledge and motivation, and for engaging students in deeper thinking, such as creative thinking, problem solving and critical thinking. While the generalizability of the results are limited by the lack of comparison group, the findings of the study can provide a useful reference point for problem-based learning projects in other engineering domains.


We investigate the influence of a dipole interaction with a classical radiation field on a qubit during a continuous change of a control parameter. In particular, we explore the non-adiabatic transitions that occur when the qubit is swept with linear speed through resonances with the time-dependent interaction. Two classic problems come together in this model: the Landau–Zener (LZ) and the Rabi problem. The probability of LZ transitions now depends sensitively on the amplitude, the frequency and the phase of the Rabi interaction. The influence of the static phase turns out to be particularly strong, since this parameter controls the time-reversal symmetry of the Hamiltonian. In the limits of large and small frequencies, analytical results obtained within a rotating-wave approximation compare favourably with a numerically exact solution. We discuss physical realizations in microwave optics, quantum dots and molecular nanomagnets.


The Princeton University PRAM computer network provides process to process data transmission rates equivalent to memory access rates with negligible latency penalties and currently costs less than $1000.00 per gigabit/sec. of network bandwidth. The PRAM network architecture described scales to very large computer networks using fast optical technology. The cost of such a PRAM network implementation is expected, in the near term, to fall to $100.00 per gigabit/sec. of network bandwidth.<<ETX>>


This paper aims at the investigation of photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide coatings covering on the surfaces of long blue-emitting afterglow CaAl2O4:Eu2+, Nd3+ elaborated by a sol-gel method. Morphologies and microstructures of the coatings were observed mainly by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The photocatalytic behavior of the TiO2-base surfaces was evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange (MO) solution. It suggested that a layer of TiO2 film mounted on the phosphor particles successfully. Also, the TiO2 coatings had remained its photocatalytic role on the as-prepared sample even after the light source was removed. The inner long blue-emitting afterglow had released blue afterglow after removing light source and allowed for reactive TiO2 surfaces to be held for the removal of methyl orange.


In this paper, we describe various methods of deriving a parallel version of Stone's Strongly Implicit Procedure (SIP) for solving sparse linear equations arising from finite difference approximation to partial differential equations (PDEs). Sequential versions of this algorithm have been very successful in solving semi‐conductor, heat conduction and flow simulation problems and an efficient parallel version would enable much larger simulations to be run. An initial investigation of various parallelizing strategies was undertaken using a version of high performance Fortran (HPF) and the best methods were reprogrammed using the MPI message passing libraries for increased efficiency. Early attempts concentrated on developing a parallel version of the characteristic wavefront computation pattern of the existing sequential SIP code. However, a red‐black ordering of grid points, similar to that used in parallel versions of the Gauss–Seidel algorithm, is shown to be far more efficient. The results of both the wavefront and red‐black MPI based algorithms are reported for various size problems and number of processors on a sixteen node IBM SP2. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Abstract. In this paper, the procedure of developing and evaluating a UAV-borne mapping system is described. The system is equipped with both a LiDAR and a camera. The system mounting parameters, as well as the intrinsic parameters of the individual sensors, are calibrated rigorously. Simultaneous calibration of the LiDAR intrinsic parameters and the LiDAR-camera mounting parameters is performed in a self-calibrating bundle adjustment with additional relative orientation constraints. A visual-inertial approach is proposed to georeference the laser scans without using a GNSS receiver. This approach is motivated not only by the interest of users in low-cost systems but also by the fact that the integrity of GNSS signals might be affected under several environmental conditions, e.g., indoors, in urban canyons, under tree canopies. It is shown that a low-cost inertial measurement unit not equipped with a dual-frequency, real-time kinematic GNSS receiver is still useful for georeferencing the laser scanning data with cm-level accuracy. The scans are also textured using the images captured by the camera, which enriches the LiDAR point clouds with spectral information.


Corn (Zea mays L.) was continuously cropped
in seven systems, with or without irrigation.
Baseline irrigated corn yields of 200-
210 bu/acre were reduced 65-75 bu/acre by not utilizing
standard rotational practices. The best continuous
corn yields were from systems with disking
in some phase of the operation. The only follow-crop
to consistently approach an economically attractive
level was sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.),
but continuous corn yields remained depressed in
this system. Corn yields benefitted from soybean
(Glycine max L.) as a follow-crop, but soybean itself
yielded well only 1 of 4 years. In the absence of a
follow-crop, delaying disking until immediately before
spring corn planting yielded as well as any other
treatment compared.


As trustees, waqf institutions are not only accountable to Allah SWT but also to individuals and society. It has been recognised in prior studies that financial reports are the main medium to discharge accountability. In order to discharge the dual accountability obligation, financial information alone is insufficient. Instead, non- financial information also needs to be disclosed in the financial report. Through questionnaire survey to accountants and management of waqf institutions, auditors, academicians and representatives of accounting professional bodies in Malaysia, this paper has identified the importance of disclosure of a list of non-financial information related to waqf. Overall, the results show that almost 90 percent of the non-financial information is regarded as having high level of disclosure importance. It is identified that the most important item for disclosure is the information within the category related to accounting policy whilst the least important information for disclosure is the information within the category of employee and employment. The findings indicate the importance of justification of accounting figures as well as explanation of the performance of waqf assets management and social responsibility of waqf institutions. The findings may be used, particularly by waqf trustees, as disclosure guidelines for better discharging accountability through reporting. Keywords: Islamic accountability, Accountability reporting, Disclosure of non- financial information, Accounting for waqf, Waqf


The aim of this research was to explore academic procrastination among university students and their interest in decreasing it in different time perspective clusters. 652 university students with an age range between 18 and 52 participated in the research. Academic procrastination and willingness to decrease it was measured by the Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students (PASS), while time perspective was assessed by the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI). Hierarchical cluster analysis was applied, and four time perspective patterns were distinguished with some significant differences in students academic procrastination and interest in decreasing it. The research has revealed that students in the future time perspective cluster procrastinate less than the ones in the negative time perspective or balanced time perspective clusters. Students in the balanced time perspective cluster show interest in decreasing their procrastination more than students in any other cluster. Keywords: academic procrastination, time perspective, time perspective clusters. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/up.2017.01


• Three groups of depressive patients (endogenous bipolar, endogenous unipolar, and nonendogenous) and one nondepressive control group displayed statistically significant differences on several personality variables when the patients were in a depression-free interval. Each of the depressive groups had stronger autodestructive-neurotic tendencies than the control group. The nonendogenous patients were overautonomous and aggressive, the endogenous unipolar patients lacked autonomy, and the endogenous bipolar patients had a hypomanic drive toward success and achievement and were anancastic and aggressive. These results were controlled for the influence of persisting symptoms of depression. They rectify generally accepted views and represent a basis for further clinical research.


Background: Hereditary prekallikrein (Fletcher factor) deficiency is a rare condition characterized by a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time. Inhibitors of plasma kallikrein have recently been approved for prophylaxis of hereditary angioedema and are under investigation for use in other indications. Objective: We attempted to conservatively assess the impact of long-term inhibition of this pathway by reviewing reported comorbidities in patients with hereditary prekallikrein deficiency. Methods: We searched several medical literature databases for publications that reported data from patients with hereditary prekallikrein deficiency (<10% of normal and/or shortening of activated partial thromboplastin time on increased incubation time). Data reporting of cardiovascular, bleeding, and autoimmune-related diseases were extracted. Results: Of 1966 publications screened, 45 publications (which represented 53 patients with prekallikrein deficiency) were included. Among 53 identified patients with prekallikrein deficiency, 25 were explicitly defined as asymptomatic, with no comorbidities mentioned in another three cases. Another 16 of the 53 patients were described as having undergone surgery or dental extractions with no complications. Cardiovascular comorbidities were reported in 19 patients, mainly hypertension (9 patients) and cerebrovascular ischemia or stroke (5 patients). Excessive bleeding episodes after surgery were reported in four patients. Autoimmune-related diseases were reported for three patients (two with Graves disease and one with systemic lupus erythematosus). Conclusion: This review identified patients with hereditary prekallikrein deficiency who reported a spectrum of health outcomes from asymptomatic to infrequent reports of cardiovascular, bleeding, and autoimmune comorbidities. The majority of the reports did not indicate any association between prekallikrein deficiency and comorbidities; however, additional observation is required to confirm the long-term safety of plasma kallikrein inhibition.


Snow traction is an important tire performance parameter for product applications in markets where snow is present for several months during the year. It is very difficult to perform multiple tests because proving grounds and consistent test conditions are available only for limited periods of time and due to prototyping and test expense. This paper deals with the simulation aspects of the snow traction test using Abaqus. The first part of this paper describes the chosen test method and offers a review of the available simulation technology. A modeling methodology for realistic snow interaction is examined using small-scale simulations, in order to evaluate its applicability to snow traction simulations. Next, simulations of snow traction are developed for a tire rolling over a snow surface. The tire models employ fine-resolution tread patterns so that a better approximation is obtained to the real-world event of tire/snow interaction. Physical phenomena such as snow shear, digging and friction are taken into account by an adaptive-explicit FEA. The proposed analytical procedure is validated through comparison with test data.


An interview in two sessions, in April 1990, with Rolf Heinrich Sabersky, professor of mechanical engineering, emeritus, in the Division of Engineering and Applied Science. Dr. Sabersky received his undergraduate and graduate education at Caltech (BS, 1942; MS, 1943; PhD, 1949). He joined the Caltech faculty in 1949 and became a full professor in 1961 and emeritus professor in 1988.
 In this interview, he discusses his early education in Berlin and his family's flight from Germany in 1938 to Switzerland and thence to Los Angeles. He entered Caltech in 1939 as a sophomore; recalls his professors there: Donald S. Clark, Frederic W. Hinrichs, Robert L. Daugherty, Robert T. Knapp, Franklin Thomas, William H. Pickering, Romeo R. Martel, William B. Munro, and James W. Daily. Recollections of Thomas Mann. Pearl Harbor and Caltech campus in wartime; restrictions applying to him as an "enemy alien."
 He discusses his work on the Southern California Cooperative Wind Tunnel under Mark Serrurier; recalls visits to that project by Arthur (Maj.) Klein. Becomes a graduate student; lives in the Old Dorm and joins the campus fire brigade. Courses from Donald E. Hudson, Robert C. Bromfield, Peter Kyropoulos. After the MS degree, he goes to work at Aerojet Engineering Corp. at invitation of A.M.O. Smith; works with Martin Summerfield on sustained-duration liquid rocket engines.
 Recollections of Theodore von Karman, Clark B. Millikan. Guggenheim Jet Propulsion Center and H. S. Tsien. Recollections of Fritz Zwicky in his Aerojet days. The influence of Aerojet's William E. Zisch. Becomes acquainted with James Van Allen in early 1946, at Applied Physics Lab, Johns Hopkins; their work together on the Aerobee rocket.
 Back to Caltech for the PhD; comments on advent of Frederick C. Lindvall and changes in the engineering division. Recalls his work with Duncan Rannie on axial flow compressors. Courses with Carl Anderson, H. Victor Neher, Charles Lauritsen. Receives his PhD, joins the faculty; consults for Aerojet. Comments on changes in engineering curriculum, drop in engineering enrollment in the late 1950s, the rise of environmental engineering. He discusses division problems with accreditation; assesses student quality and effect of the admission of women. Comments on increasingly cumbersome process of faculty recruitment.
 He discusses his work on boiling heat transfer, on fluids near the critical point, on fluid flow in rough tubes, on polymer solutions and non-Newtonian fluids, on flowing granular material. Talks about his "extracurricular" research on indoor pollution with Frederic Shair. He concludes with an assessment of current prospects facing graduating engineers.


The purpose of this study was to determine how the quality of financial statement information on PT. Perkebunan Nusantara XIV is seen from biological assets recognition, measurement, and disclosure in terms of concept maqashid al-sharia and PSAK 69. This type of research is qualitative research with an interpretive paradigm approach. The results showed that PT. Perkebunan Nusantara XIV, in terms of recognition, measurement, and disclosure of biological assets, was by the applicable standards, namely the statement of PSAK 69: Agriculture. With the accounting treatment of biological assets following the applicable PSAK, the quality of financial statement information becomes relevant and reliable so that it makes it easy for users to understand financial statements. Especially for management, it can be used as the basis for making the right decisions. Judging from the concept of maqashid al-sharia, researchers have not been able to reveal the overall implementation of this concept in the work environment of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara XIV. Nevertheless, in applying the maqashid al-shariah concept, the head of the accounting and reporting division has implemented managing biological assets and preparing financial reports so that the financial reports are relevant and reliable.


We present a simple surgical technique created by the authors to address degenerative chondral lesions of the knee and its application in a limited prospective case series. The technique assumes the concept of beneficial epiphyseal changes caused by disruption of the subchondral bone in improving symptoms, as with drilling, microfracture, periarticular osteotomy, and other invasive procedures. Minimally invasive selective osteotomy (MISO) is an expansion of the arthroscopic treatment of the knee, specifically targeting symptomatic lesions with minimal additional trauma and cost, while avoiding disruption of the articular surface of the subchondral bone. The technique involves a mimimal access approach with selective saw cuts placed with a 1-cm oscillating blade parallel to the joint surface 1 to 1.5 cm deep to identified lesions. The technique does not address malalignment but can address lesions not addressed by classic osteotomies and, as such, may be combined with other corrective alignment procedures as necessary. We present the results of MISO of the knee in a case series of 62 outpatients carried out at the Orthopaedic Division of the Clinical and Surgical Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital in Havana, Cuba. At 2-year follow-up, there was improvement of symptoms without significant complications. Key Words: Osteotomy—New sur- gical technique—Minimal surgical access—Arthroscopy—Knee—Degenerative lesions.


Surface immobilization of multiple enzymes plays an increasingly important role in biosensor development. Traditional nanofabrication methods require multiple fabrication steps and complex syntheses which often result in limited enzyme density, modest spatial control and decreased enzyme activity over time and repeated uses, particularly when extensive synthetic modifications are applied. We employed electron beam lithography to crosslink poly(glycidol) with pre-loaded enzyme nanogels, which contain crosslinked poly(glycidol), on a silicon surface to enhance the stability and robustness of synergistic enzymes. As proof-of-concept, we immobilized three enzymes β-galactosidase, glucose oxidase, and horseradish peroxidase with and without nanogel pre-entrapment, and bioactivity was investigated via colorimetric determination with lactose substrate and o-phenylenediamine indicator. The resulting enzyme nanogel device exhibited 71% retention of bioactivity after 30 days and 5-fold higher chromogenic output compared with 32% from free enzyme devices.


Sr-doped LaTiO3 (SLTO) thin epitaxial films on LaAlO3 (100) have been fabricated by the off-axis rf magnetron co-sputtering system. The dopant Sr2+ ions were expected substituting La3+ ions in the films to introduce the hole carriers. The X-ray diffraction shows that the [001] direction of the SLTO films is perpendicular to the substrate surface. The in-situ grown specimens were measured the temperature dependence of resistivity and the Hall coefficients to study the transport properties. The Hall measurements show that the carrier is electron for Sr-doping over 16%. The temperature dependence of the resistance shows that the n-type films are metallic and deviate from free electron gas model obviously. We found the behaviour could be well described by the small-polaron coherent motion model.


It is now well accepted that the addition of nanoparticles (NPs) can strongly affect the thermomechanical properties of the polymers into which they are incorporated. In the solid (glassy) state, previous work has implied that optimal mechanical properties are achieved when the NPs are well dispersed in the matrix and when there is strong interfacial binding between the grafted NPs and the polymer matrix. Here we provide strong evidence supporting the importance of intermolecular interactions through the use of NPs grafted with polymers that can hydrogen bond with the matrix, yielding to significant improvements in the measured mechanical properties. Our finding thus supports the previously implied central role of strong interfacial binding in optimizing the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites.


This article takes the politicisation of copyright and file sharing as a starting point to discuss the concept of the commons and the construction of property. Empirically, the article draws on a series of interviews with Pirate Party members in Sweden, Australia, Germany, the UK and USA; placed in the theoretical framework of the commons. We argue that piracy, as an act and an ideology, interrogates common understandings of property as something self-evident, natural and uncontestable. Such constructions found liberal market ideology. The article has two broad aims: to outline the different phases of enclosure, from the physical commons, to the institutional and finally the cultural commons; and to discuss the way that piracy highlights the emergent crisis in private property rights, brought to the fore by the global financial crisis and ongoing privatization of public resources. We conclude by questioning what new modes of enclosure are emerging in a digital economy driven by excessive data mining and centralized streaming services.


We have recently demonstrated that binding by monoclonal antibody (mAb) 8A2 to regenerating retinal ganglion cell axons in goldfish explants specifically induces a sustained, actin-based retraction response that is similar in most respects to a spontaneous retraction (S.G. Finnegan, V. Lemmon, and E. Koenig, Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton, 1992). Experiments were conducted to evaluate potential signal transduction pathways that may play a role in mediating retraction, using the mAb 8A2 retraction model system. Potential roles of cAMP, elevated intracellular calcium, or calmodulin-dependent processes were probed and the results did not appear to implicate them in either the induction or the maintenance of the axon retraction response. In contrast, treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, but not with inactive phorbol esters, induced a retraction response, although the response was more variable and less robust than that produced by mAb 8A2. However, both forms of induction were blocked by staurosporine, a nonspecific kinase inhibitor. Okadaic acid, a potent serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor produced a very robust retraction response, and subthreshold doses significantly potentiated the retraction response induced by mAb 8A2. Genistein inhibited the mAb 8A2-induced retraction response at concentrations selective for tyrosine kinase activity in a dose-dependent manner. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that an augmented phosphorylation state of one or more axonal proteins, perhaps catalyzed in part by protein kinase C, produces a sustained physiological retraction. In addition, tyrosine kinase may be involved in transducing surface-mediated interactions that trigger retraction, including the binding reaction signal of mAb 8A2.


Background: The main factor that causes a family the inability to care for patients with schizophrenia disorder is inadequate family-centered empowerment. Nevertheless, the family-integrated empowerment model has not been developed yet. This study aims to develop a integrative empowerment model to care for patients with schizophrenia disorder. Design and methods: The mixed methods research design was divided into two stages. The first stage used a cross-sectional method with a questionnaire to 135 families who cared for patients with schizophrenia disorder using purposive sampling. Data analysis was obtained using Partial Least Squares (PLS). The second stage is a focused group discussion (FGD) conducted with six families, seven health workers, and six social workers, and discussions with two experts for model development. Results: The integrative empowerment-based family empowerment model is developed from Outside-in empowerment (path coefficient = 0.309; t = 3.292) and Inside-out empowerment (path coefficient = 0.478; t = 4.850). Family factors is the most potent variable in shaping Inside-out empowerment (path coefficient = 0.217; t = 2.309). Moreover, re-meaning of caregiving is the strongest indicator that builds the Inside-out empowerment variable (t = 42.643). The value of Q2 is 0.433 indicates that this model can be generalized, since 61% of family ability to provide care for schizophrenia patients. Conclusions: Re-meaning of caregiving is the most potent indicator in shaping Inside-out empowerment, which is the strongest factor forming this model. Nurses assist families to be able to find activities that can generate positive meaning when caring for patients with schizophrenia disorder.


Proximal goal setting has been strongly linked to self‐efficacy and often occurs in successful problem solving. A qualitative study, using both observations and interviews, investigated the problem‐solving processes and the self‐efficacy of two students enrolled in an introductory physics course that implemented Modeling Instruction at Florida International University. We found that the problem solving process could be divided into two main phases: the goal setting process and the self‐efficacy feedback loop. Further, from the qualitative data, the goal setting process could not be isolated from its impact on the self‐efficacy of the students. This relationship between the goal setting strategies within the problem‐solving process and self‐efficacy may be linked to the retention of students in physics. We present results of the study and its possible link to student retention.


Sensors with the capability of multi-signal acquisition at the "same" site and "same" time draw abundant attention throughout the academic society. However, designing of multi-signal sensors is a challenging process. The goal of the study is to explore the design theories and methodologies for multi-signal sensors with current device manufacturing technologies. To achieve this goal, this study strives to meet the following two objectives: (1) define general design principles for such sensors, and (2) develop demonstration prototypes to prove the effectiveness of the design principle. The study takes two signals acquisition as a vehicle without loss of generality. For Objective 1, this study proposes three general design principles for multi-signal sensors. The first design principle is to acquire multiple signals through a stem signal. The second principle is to design the structure so that one signal can be accurately inferred while another signal can be directly measured. The third principle is to design an integral structure that inherently acquires two signals. For objective 2, prototypes for the second and third principles were built to demonstrate the effectiveness of the design principles. Contributions of this study to the field of composite materials and sensor design include: (1) findings of the three design principles for multi-signal acquisition, (2) proof-of-concept construction/application of two prototype multi-signal devices (one for temperature and pressure, and the other for temperature and pH), and (3) discovery of the highly linear relationship between the temperature and electrical resistivity with a carbon nanotube and polymer composite within the temperature range from room temperature to approximately 70 Celsius degrees.


The objective of this review was to search the literature for studies on the lactoperoxidase system (LPS) as milk natural preservation, action mechanisms, usage methods and perspectives for the dairy industry. A comprehensive literature review approach was conducted for collecting evidence in scientific publications. The biological properties of milk promote the development of microorganisms which compromise its quality, therefore demanding the use of techniques for preserving the milk matrix from its collection until processing. Within this context, LPS could represent an alternative to guarantee the safety of this food in are as where refrigeration is not possible; in addition, studies on applying this system in the dairy industry have been explored, as is the case in the test for verifying pasteurisation efficiency according to determining the lactoperoxidase enzyme activity. Natural antimicrobial properties of LPS make it a promising alternative for the industrial preservation and processing of milk, especially when considering the current quality standard demanded by the market. However, the potential of LPS as a biopreservative is still little technically and scientifically explored, which implies the need to develop new studies.


Aim: To explore the emodin's toxicity and action
mechanism on the function of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) cultured in vitro. Methods: ICC of KM mouse was cultured in vitro. The minimum toxicity concentration and critical time
points of emodin were investigated with Uniform Design methodology and MTT
assay. The cell enzymology assay and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) were applied to
observe the effect of emodin on membrane stability, cellular internal environment, energy metabolism and second messenger
of ICC. Results: The minimum
toxicity concentration was 0.001%, and the critical time points were 30 s, 1 min,
30 min, and 60 min.
After administration of emodin, the damage on cells aggravated with time
prolonging. The activity of malonaldehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),
and phosphatase in the cell was raised
significantly (P + and
Ca2+ were increased but K+ concentration was decreased. The Na+-K+-ATPase
activity was promoted but Ca2+-ATPase descended. Second messenger as
IP3 and cAMP also became more active. All these changes had statistical
significance (P Conclusion: Emodin had toxicity function on ICC which can
lead to membrane damage, energy metabolism disorder. This mechanism could be related to electrolytes
concentration disorder, inhibited activity of Na+-K+-ATPase
and Ca2+-ATPase, and raised activity of IP3 and cAMP.


SmartCrown work roll contour has been brought in China for several years, but the research of crown control characteristics of SmartCrown work roll is lacking, especially the relationship and difference between SmartCrown and CVC work rolls. The paper researched the principle and design method of SmartCrown work roll contour first, and then the relation and difference between the SmartCrown and CVC work roll contours were pointed out, the crown control ability of different strip width was discussed too. From the analysis and research, it can be concluded that the contour angle of SmartCrown work roll contour is the most key factor for its crown control characteristics.


The land (area) considered here is bounded on the west by Wijdefjorden and on the east by Hinlopenstretet and Storfjorden. The southern boundary is somewhat indefinite. For descriptive convenience Carboniferous through Triassic stratigraphy is treated in Chapters 4 and 5 and Devonian strata to the northwest in Chapter 8. It makes geological sense for these chapter areas to overlap where they meet. Ny Friesland was the name for most of the area under consideration. However, after the accession of the Norwegian King Olav V in 1957 his name was given to what had previously been a somewhat indefinite territory, mostly ice covered (the Terre Glacee Russe of some older maps) to the south east of Ny Friesland. Olav V Land was defined to take in some of what had been referred to as Ny Friesland and early accounts should be read with this in mind (Miloslavskiy et al. 1993, map D8G). This chapter thus concerns Ny Friesland and north western Olav V Land and for descriptive economy Ny Friesland will be used for the area where most of the older rocks crop out. Much of the interior is covered by highland ice rather than an ice cap, meaning that the ice is not thick enough for the surface to be independent of the underlying relief. Indeed the ice cover is broken here and there by rocky cliffs of submerged valley glaciers. The three largest areas of continuous ice are Lomonosovfonna, Asgardfonna and Valhallfonna. The inland ice flows out along valley


The generation of quad meshes based on surface parametrization techniques has proven to be a versatile approach. These techniques quantize an initial seamless parametrization so as to obtain an integer grid map implying a pure quad mesh. State-of-the-art methods following this approach have to assume that the surface to be meshed either has no boundary, or has a boundary which the resulting mesh is supposed to be aligned to. In a variety of applications this is not desirable and non-boundary-aligned meshes or grid-parametrizations are preferred. We thus present a technique to robustly generate integer grid maps which are either boundary-aligned, non-boundary-aligned, or partially boundary-aligned, just as required by different applications. We thereby generalize previous work to this broader setting. This enables the reliable generation of trimmed quad meshes with partial elements along the boundary, preferable in various scenarios, from tiled texturing over design and modeling to fabrication and architecture, due to fewer constraints and hence higher overall mesh quality and other benefits in terms of aesthetics and flexibility.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the locomotion orientation on salespeople` sales performance with the mediating effect of selling behavior(adaptive selling behavior, SOCO). And we figure out the relationship between customer-oriented selling behavior and adaptive selling behavior because those relationships are not clear. The authors infer research hypotheses based on literature review. We have confirmed the reliability and validity test and those results can be acceptable. Hypotheses test were conducted with structural equation modeling, AMOS. All paths in the research model reasoned by authors have been supported statistically at the significant level. This study with the theoretical implications is as follows. First, this study is the first attempt to investigate the path between locomotion orientation and adaptive selling behavior and SOCO. Secondly, there is an empirical conflict between our study and Franke and Park(2006)`s study. Our study was contradictory to Franke and Park(2006)`s consequences. And so, figuring out clearly those causal paths remains. This study with practical implications are as follows. First of all, the salespeople` selling performance was affected by adaptive selling behavior, customer- oriented selling behavior, and sales-oriented activities, such as the importance of selling behavior once again proven. It is necessary to enhance the capabilities that can be transformed into action appropriate to the needs of customers each sales step-by-step in the process of salespeople for various system through education and incentives, and to interact with customers and understand their customers relative to salespeople will. In order to enhance adaptive selling behavior, the company needs to do educational program and monitoring system with the positional promotion when salespeople get the high adaptive selling behavior. Secondly, the locomotion orientation of the salespeople is to cause this selling behavior. Management style to increase locomotion orientation is needed, which means, salespeople` superior about something should be conducted. In order to stimulate the selling behavior of the salespeople, most supervisors should use some managerial tools such as feedback, engagement, and rewards.


In this study, the FeS2 fine compound powders for active material were made by mechanical alloying using the Spex mixer mill. As the total milling time increased to 15hrs, the size of FeS2 powder decreased to 0.98um. Meanwhile, the treatment of nickel coating for FeS2 powder were also prepared by mechanical alloying using the ball milling machine, which has attracted much attention from the standpoints of improving the cycle life property and good columbic efficiency.


We show that standard nonlocal boxes, also known as PopescuRohrlich machines, are not sufficient to simulate any nonlocal correlations that do not allow signalling. This was known in the multipartite scenario, but we extend the result to the bipartite case. We then generalize this result further by showing that no finite set containing any finite-output-alphabet nonlocal boxes with uniform outputs can be a universal set for nonlocality.


RATIONALE
Premature infants are exposed to potentially injurious ventilation in the delivery room. Assessments of lung injury are confounded by effects of subsequent ventilatory support.

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the injury response to a brief period of large tidal volume (Vt) ventilation, simulating neonatal resuscitation in preterm neonates.

METHODS
Preterm lambs (129 d gestation; term is150 d) were ventilated (Vt = 15 ml/kg, no positive end-expiratory pressure) for 15 minutes to simulate delivery room resuscitation, either with the placental circulation intact (fetal resuscitation [ FR]) or after delivery (neonatal resuscitation [NR]). After the initial 15 minutes, lambs received surfactant and were maintained with either ventilatory support (FR-VS and NR-VS) or placental support (FR-PS) for 2 hours, 45 minutes. A control group received no resuscitation and was maintained with placental support. Samples of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung, and liver were analyzed.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
Inflammatory cells and protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, heat shock protein-70 immunostaining, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, serum amyloid A (SAA)-3, Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, and TLR4 mRNA in the lungs were increased in the FR-PS group compared with control animals. There were further elevations in neutrophils, IL-6, and IL-8 mRNA in the FR-VS and NR-VS groups compared with FR-PS. SAA3, TLR2, and TLR4 mRNA increased in the liver in all resuscitation groups relative to control animals.

CONCLUSIONS
Ventilation for 15 minutes with a Vt of 15 ml/kg initiates an injurious process in the preterm lung and a hepatic acute-phase response. Subsequent ventilatory support causes further increases in some injury indicators.


The pathology of the parathyroid glands in two cases in which hyperparathyroidism was associated with chronic renal disease and 10 in which the association was with the malabsorption syndrome is described. It is concluded that whereas in chronic renal disease the development of an autonomous adenoma may be preceded by anatomical secondary diffuse hyperplasia such a stage is not proven when the adenomas develop against a background of the malabsorption syndrome. The importance of this latter association is stressed.


This qualitative case study focused on the impact of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon (SAE) fraternity member-development program enabling socially responsible leadership in its members. The aim of this study was to analyze the current SAE member-development program to provide recommendations for enhancement that instill and reinforce socially responsible leadership in its members, in order to strengthen individuals as well to enable the success of the SAE vision and mission. The study sample was comprised of 12 SAE members who graduated in academic years 2012 through 2016, with data gathered through interviews. The findings of the study revealed three main gaps: 1) a mismatch emerged between SAE's vision and its member-development program; 2) leaders were focused more on obligation requirements than on aspirational goals; and 3) lifelong membership in SAE did not equate with lifelong fulfillment opportunities. Analysis of the results of this study resulted in the overarching recommended solution: to revise the existing SAE member education program into a mission-focused, values-based, and aspirational goal-oriented program for lifelong development. Implementation of the recommendation would include using learning theory and leadership models such as the social change model (SCM) to revise the program. and expanding the program to support members more effectively in their postgraduate years. The results of this study directly affect individual members of SAE and the organization, but may also be useful to other Greek-letter organizations in their member development and leadership programs.|Keywords: Fraternity, social responsibility, leadership


Background:Robotic arm assisted surgery in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) resulted in better early post-operative pain and clinical outcomes, but this was lost at two years. In the subgroup of patients with increased pre-operative activity levels, observed improved functional outcomes in the robotic assisted UKA group persisted to two years. Early evidence suggests that robotic arm assisted surgery can deliver more accurate implant positioning, improved lower limb alignment, improved soft tissue balancing compared to conventional surgery. Mid-term survivorship of this randomised control cohort are presented.Objectives:Comparison of mid-term clinical outcomes of a single centred, prospective, randomised control trial comparing robotic arm assisted vs manual conventional UKAs.Study Design & Methods:139 patients were randomised to receive UKA with/without the aid of robotic assistance. Patients were assessed at 3 months, 1 and 2 years post-op. The outcome was assessed using the American Knee Society Score (AKSS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Pain VAS, Stiffness VAS, Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), complications and adverse events. Subgroup analysis was performed to examine the outcome in more active patients (UCLA Activity Score>5, n=33, 23.7%).Survivorship of the implant was also reviewed at 5 years in both groups for all patients as part of a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results:There was a difference between the main treatment groups in the AKSS at three months (p=0.042), but not at one year (p=0.098), two years (p=0.951) nor 5 years (p=0.562). No significant differences in the JFS (p=0.783), Pain VAS (p= 0.453), Siffness VAS (0.443) or OKS (p= 0.811) by 5 year time point. In patients who were more active pre-surgery, while there was no significant difference in AKSS at three months (p=0.213), there was a difference at one year in favour of robotic surgery (p=0.007) but these difference were no longer present by 5 years (p= 0.195). In these patients, the OKS was similar at three months (p=0.368), but better in the robotically assisted UKA group at one year (p=0.025), but no significant differences were seen at 5 years (p= 0.314). The VAS pain (p= 0.853) and stiffness (p= 0.132) scores were not different at 5 years.0% of the robotic arm assisted group required readmissions/ further surgery with 9% (6/65, 2 revisions, 1 poly exchange and 3 arthroscopies) of the manual group requiring additional intervention. Conclusions:Excellent mid-term (5 year) survivorship in the robotic arm assisted group represents better survivorship of the implants over the manually performed surgery in this randomised control trial. Robotic assisted surgery in UKA resulted in better early post-operative pain and clinical outcomes up until 2 years, but no difference was found by 5 years between both surgical groups as well as subgroup analysis of patients with increased pre-operative activity levels. Midterm outcomes of the robotic assisted surgery are therefore shown to be similar those of the manual surgical group having previously experienced better early outcome scores. This loss of the difference at midterm follow-up did not include the knees that required additional surgery narrowing of outcome score differences that were lost to follow-up. These revised knees presented the bottom quartile of outcome scores for the manual group.


This paper studies strategic level train planning for high performance passenger and freight train operations on shared-use corridors in the US. We develop a hypergraph-based, two-level approach to sequentially minimize passenger and freight costs while scheduling train services. Passenger schedule delay and freight lost demand are explicitly modeled. We explore different solution strategies and conclude that a problem-tailored linearized reformulation yields superior computational performance. Using realistic parameter values, our numerical experiments show that passenger cost due to schedule delay is comparable to in-vehicle travel time cost and rail fare. In most cases, marginal freight cost increase from scheduling more passenger trains is higher than marginal reduction in passenger schedule delay cost. The heterogeneity of train speed reduces the number of freight trains that can run on a corridor. Greater tolerance for delays could reduce lost demand and overall cost on the freight side. The approach developed in the paper could be applied to other scenarios with different parameter values.


Density-ratio estimation via classification is a cornerstone of unsupervised learning. It has provided the foundation for state-of-the-art methods in representation learning and generative modelling, with the number of use-cases continuing to proliferate. However, it suffers from a critical limitation: it fails to accurately estimate ratios p/q for which the two densities differ significantly. Empirically, we find this occurs whenever the KL divergence between p and q exceeds tens of nats. To resolve this limitation, we introduce a new framework, telescoping density-ratio estimation (TRE), that enables the estimation of ratios between highly dissimilar densities in high-dimensional spaces. Our experiments demonstrate that TRE can yield substantial improvements over existing single-ratio methods for mutual information estimation, representation learning and energy-based modelling.


In situ analysis of ground water is an attractive alternative to conventional sampling and analysis methods, since it eliminates sample handling and chain-of-custody concerns. The prototype instrument recently developed by our research team uses remote laser-induced fluorescence (RLIF) to measure aromatic organics in situ. The work discussed here concerns the aromatic organics fraction of gasoline (benzene, toluene, and xylenes). RLIF can theoretically detect over half of the organics on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Priority Pollutants List. Typical analysis for these contaminants involves routine repetitive analysis, such as quarterly gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) on samples taken from wells. Such monitoring is labor intensive, requiring a sampling team as well as a laboratory. Samples for GC/MS often take many weeks for analysis, so that remedial action information is late in arriving. An analysis is needed that is quick, simple, and less costly, providing a look at the situation as it currently exists. The authors propose that routine GC/MS monitoring at characterized sites be replaced with RLIF measurements, supplemented with annual GC/MS analysis as a means of validation. Since RLIF analysis is nonspecific, this approach would be sound only at sites containing known aromatics as the contaminants of interest, or at sites where the aromatics concentration correlates with other problem compounds. Comparisons of RLIF and GC sensitivity for aromatic organics are discussed, with emphasis on the relative advantages and limitations of each method.


The article gives us a look into fam land in 1979 being allowed to set idle or fallowed in North Dakota. 6.3 million acres set fallow that year during the summer time. This has several benefits such as increased yields due to a greater supply of moisture and nitrogen to a subsequent crop, stability in production, distribution of the work load and weed control. The cost of fallowing is the loss of production for a year and the cost of fallow tillage. Losses in soil productivity, mainly through soil erosion or acceleration of saline seep development which in turn increase water pollution can be regarded as one of the long term costs of this system. The economic benefits of summer fallow are short-term and accrue to farmers, while some cost of fallowing are long term and accrue to society. This paper evaluates wheat summer fallow cropping systems within an economic framework from the short term perspectives of the farmer. Areas focused upon are relative yields, the price of wheat, the price of nitrogen fertilizer and income variability, Low yields, low crop prices and high nitrogen prices all favor the fallow system.


The object of the research reported in this thesis was to
evaluate the potential effectiveness of applying a Multimodal
approach - as described by Lazarus (1976, 1981) - to trying
to help children with learning difficulties referred through
schools to a Child Guidance Service. It was the intention,
as far as possible, to work within the normal constraints
imposed on the system within which the Educational
Psychologist has to work.
The research adopted a methodology based on the Decision
Theoretic Model described by Edwards, Guttentag and
Snapper (1975). This entailed the prior setting of objectives
against which the strategies under consideration were
evaluated. The Multimodal strategy was evaluated against
two existing strategies which were in current use within
Child Guidance Services. One of the strategies was tightly
controlled and structured, whereas the other was more open
to flexibility and adaptations. The evaluation was carried
out in two phases: an Assessment phase and an Intervention
phase.
In the Assessment phase, information was gathered on children
involved in all three of the strategies, which was used to
assess their suitability for receiving specialist support.
This information was evaluated by 'third party' expert
judges against the specific assessment objectives which had
previously been set. Using the Decision Theoretic Methodology
the Utility, or perceived usefulness, of each assessment was
derived. This was then compared with subjective opinions which
had been developed previously based on descriptions of the three
strategies. The results demonstrated that both in terms of the
prior subjective opinions, and also on the basis of the actual assessments
made, the Multimodal Approach was the most useful in terms of meeting
the given objectives.
Subsequent progress of children going through each of the three
strategies was monitored. In addition to starting data, further
data was gathered on two subsequent occasions: on average nine months
in each case. On the basis of the data gathered independent 'expert
judges' were asked to evaluate the child's progress against the set
objectives that relate to intervention. At the end of the first
period the picture was unclear as to which of the strategies was
proving the most effective, although the Multimodal Approach was
marginally the most attractive when all other things were equal.
However, by the end of the second period it became clear that the
Multimodal Approach was seen as producing the best outcomes, with
the Structured Approach being second, and the Unstructured Approach third.
In terms of the objectives that had been set, it was concluded that the
Multimodal Approach was the most useful in terms of giving a full and
potentially useful assessment, but that the broad spectrum approach of
the Multimodal paradigm required a considerable period of time in which
to operate before notable gains could be detected. The implications of
the outcome utilitities are discussed fully in the body of the thesis.The thesis also contains a review of literature on the
Multimodal paradigm, a review of literature on learning
difficulties which seeks to place the research in the
context of the seven modalities of the Multimodal
BASIC IB, and there is also a review of the literature
on research methodology which seeks to place the
methodology adopted in the context of psychological
experimentation in general.
The thesis concludes with discussions on the future
applicability of both the Multimodal approach, and the
Decision Theoretic Methodology to Child Guidance Practice
in general.


Background: The concept of improvement of disability recently emerged as a new target in multiple sclerosis (MS) studies since the approval of new potent drugs and for testing drugs for neuroprotection and repair. Objective: To propose a simple estimator for assessing and comparing the prevalence of improvement over time between groups. Methods: The prevalence of a transient condition takes into account the incidence and the duration of such condition. We propose here the application of a modified Kaplan–Meier estimator to evaluate and compare between groups the prevalence of improvement over time in a cohort of 121 patients treated with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Results: The prevalence of improvement after 5 years from transplant was 50.3% (95%CI: [38.0–63.0]) in relapsing–remitting patients and 6.5% (95%CI: [0–17.8]) in secondary-progressive patients (p < 0.001). Such a difference wouldn't be evident considering the traditional cumulative probability of improvement at 5 years (55.5% in relapsing–remitting vs 33.4% in secondary-progressive patients, p = 0.10). Conclusion: This study shows the relevance of a new estimator of prevalence of improvement in MS. This estimator gives simple information on whether a drug can induce a durable improvement in disability and can be considered a potential outcome for trials assessing drugs for neuroprotection or repair.


Nanofiltration is a process used to separate mineral salts from lactose, having previously removed the proteins by ultrafiltration. Both proteins and lactose can be used as raw materials to prepare a variety of products. In this paper, we studied the feasibility of demineralizing sweet whey obtained from the cheese industry of the Comunidad Valenciana (Spain) using membrane technologies. The NF200 membrane showed the highest volumetric flux and solute rejection values, whereas the DS-5 DL membrane showed the lowest values. The volumetric fluxes obtained with the NF200 and DS-5 DL membranes in these experiments with the ultra-filtered whey demonstrated significant differences between membranes. Concerning solute rejection, the highest values were obtained using the NF200 membrane. The chosen parameter to evaluate the demineralization capability was solute flux. In this way, the values obtained for chloride ion were 9.90 and 32.42 g/ (m2·h) for the NF200 and DS-5 DL membranes, respectively, with the highest demineralization rates being achieved with the DS-5 DL membrane.


Graphene oxide (GO) membrane, bearing well-aligned interlayer nanochannels and well-defined physicochemical properties, promises fast proton transport. However, the deficiency of proton donor groups on the basal plane of GO and weak interlamellar interactions between the adjacent nanosheets often cause the low proton conduction capability and poor water stability. Herein, we incorporate the sulfonated graphene quantum dots (SGQD) into graphene oxide (GO) membrane to solve the above dilemma via synergistically control the edge electrostatic interaction and in-plane π-π interaction of SGQD with GO nanosheets. SGQD with three different kinds of electron-withdrawing groups are employed to modulate the edge electrostatic interactions and improve the water swelling resistant property of GO membranes. Meanwhile, SGQD with abundant proton donor groups assemble on the sp2 domain of GO via in-plane π-π interaction and confer the GO membranes with low energy-barrier proton transport channels. As a result, the GO membrane achieves enhanced proton conductivity of 324 mS cm-1, maximum power density of 161.6 mW cm-2, and superior water stability when immersed into water for one month. This study demonstrates a strategy for independent manipulation of conductive function and non-conductive function to fabricate high-performance proton exchange membranes.


Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate a possible correlation between the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms and unexplained spontaneous miscarriages (SM). Materials and Methods: PAI-1 polymorphisms were evaluated in 150 women with pregnancy in their history. One hundred women with a history of SM formed the study group and 50 women with normal pregnancies served as the control group. Also, the combination of PAI-1 and MTHFR polymorphisms were evaluated in 138 women out of a total of 150, which included 92 women with SM in their history compared to 46 women in the control group. For statistical analysis, χ2 test, Phi, and Cramer V tests were used; p < 0.05 was taken as a statistically significant result. Results: Our findings show: (a) the correlation between SM and PAI-1 mutations reaches statistical significance (p = 0.026); (b) there was a statistically significant difference between heterozygous PAI-1 in women with only 1 SM compared to the control group (p = 0.047); (c) the comparison of combinations of both mutations, PAI-1 and MTHFR, with the control group demonstrates statistical significance in favor of women with SM and both mutations (p = 0.022). Conclusion: PAI-1 and MTHFR polymorphisms may play an important role in pregnancy complications because heterozygous PAI-1 mutations and a combination of both PAI-1 and MTHFR mutations might contribute to SM.


A simple and rapid method to isolate and estimate carotene compositions of tomatoes, carrots and green vegetables is described. The chief distinguishing features of this method are its simplicity in the preparation of TLC plates that avoids the requirements of the TLC applicator, and avoiding the meticulous conditions like saturation of chamber etc. employed in the routine TLC methods. By employing this method carotene compositions of tomatoes, carrots and the green vegetable, Amaranthus gangetica are determined. The time taken for the separation of various carotene bands of several samples is as short as 10 minutes. As many as 20 different samples could be analyzed at a time. The values obtained for the individual carotenoids by this TLC method are in very good agreement with those obtained after the column chromatographic separation of the same material. Saponification is not required for the extracts from tomatoes and carrots as it does not influence the individual values of carotenes. Hence in these cases, crude extracts can be directly analyzed by TLC. However, in case of the green vegetables (Amaranthus gangetica, for example) the value of beta-carotene after saponification was found to be twice the value obtained by TLC of the crude extract as such. The general applicability of this method in the separation of vitamin A alcohol from its esters, retinoic acid from retinoic acid anhydride etc. has been discussed. The method would be quite handy and of particular use to especially those carrying out the genetic studies with tomatoes and carrots. It could be employed for a quick and accurate determination of pro-vitamin A content of fruits and vegetables and is more economical than the standard TLC procedures.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how upstream social marketing may benefit from social media citizensourcing and improve understanding of community preferences and attitudes to policy. Using the case of shark management in New South Wales, Australia, this paper aims to understand community attitudes toward shark management policy-making and policymakers.

Design/methodology/approach
In February 2017, more than 11,200 comments were sourced from Facebook and Twitter using Netvizz, a data extraction tool. To analyze these comments, the study used an abductive framework using social marketing, wildlife and coexistence and policy literature, to determine context, themes and sub-themes. This was combined with Appraisal, a systemic functional linguistics framework, advocating a social reference for coding and analyzing community attitudes and preference.

Findings
Preferences for non-lethal measures over lethal or potentially lethal measures were noted, with new technologies highly favored. The online communities wanted a policy that was respectful of human and marine life and focused on patrolled or popular beaches. The main negative comments made related to perceived knee-jerk reactions and poor communication surrounding decision-making. People held little confidence in politicians' skills and abilities to solve complex and multi-faceted problems, demanding less top-down decision-making and greater community input into policy formation.

Practical implications
This approach could assist upstream social marketers better understand social and community attitudes and preferences toward policy.

Originality/value
The study demonstrated that listening to community through digital channels can assist upstream social marketing understand community preferences and attitudes to policies and the policy-making process. Using abduction further broadens the perspective of the researchers in assigning meaning to commentary.


Abstract The first Late Cretaceous dinosaur tracksite recorded from Arizona, preserving over 100 footprints, also preserves sinuous grooves here interpreted to be impressions left by the tail of a large vertebrate as it dragged through sediment now assigned to the Toreva Formation. Although no footprints are preserved that can be referred unambiguously to the individual or individuals that produced the tail-drag marks, the dynamic nature of the surface upon which the tracks were made, likely a river or stream shoreline, could have easily resulted in their disturbance or obliteration. As best as can be determined on the basis of a depauperate marine fauna from the lower part of the unit, and on the basis of a substantial hiatus that separates the lower and upper parts, the site is probably middle Coniacian in age. These tracks and drag marks add significantly to the exceptionally rare record of terrestrial vertebrates known from the Toreva Formation.


Adjuvant-induced arthritic (AIA) rats develop a severe chronic polyarthritis which shares some features in common with human rheumatoid arthritis. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether AIA rats emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) when they are confronted with a healthy 'stimulus rat' in social interactions. We also examined the effects of three analgesic drugs (piroxicam, rofecoxib and ketoprofen) on USV responses using the same paradigm. In social interactions, AIA rats and intact controls emitted USVs in the 22-28 kHz range. Vocalization activities were significantly higher in AIA rats than those in intact controls. Moreover, the USVs of AIA rats were significantly inhibited by the three analgesic drugs. These results suggest that the USV responses elicited in AIA rats are useful for the evaluation of analgesic drugs.


Drained peatlands are significant sources of the greenhouse gas (GHG) carbon dioxide. Rewetting is a proven strategy to protect carbon stocks; however, it can lead to increased emissions of the potent GHG methane. The response to rewetting of soil microbiomes as drivers of these processes is poorly understood, as are biotic and abiotic factors that control community composition. We analyzed the pro- and eukaryotic microbiomes of three contrasting pairs of minerotrophic fens subject to decade-long drainage and subsequent rewetting. Also, abiotic soil properties including moisture, dissolved organic matter, methane fluxes and ecosystem respiration rates. The composition of the microbiomes was fen-type-specific, but all rewetted sites showed higher abundance of anaerobic taxa compared to drained sites. Based on multi-variate statistics and network analyses we identified soil moisture as major driver of community composition. Furthermore, salinity drove the separation between coastal and freshwater fen communities. Methanogens were more than tenfold more abundant in rewetted than in drained sites, while their abundance was lowest in the coastal fen, likely due to competition with sulfate reducers. The microbiome compositions were reflected in methane fluxes from the sites. Our results shed light on the factors that structure fen microbiomes via environmental filtering.


A new empirical formula has been developed that describes the (γ, n) nuclear reaction cross sections for isotopes with Z ⩾ 60. The results were supported by calculations using TALYS – 1.6 and EMPIRE – 3.2.2 nuclear modular codes. The energy region for incident photon energy has been selected near the giant dipole resonance (GDR) peak energy. The evaluated empirical data were compared with available data in the experimental data library EXFOR. The data produced using TALYS – 1.6 and EMPIRE – 3.2.2 are in good agreement with experimental data. We have tested and presented the reproducibility of the present new empirical formula. We observe the reproducibility of the new empirical formula near the GDR peak energy is in good agreement with the experimental data and shows a remarkable dependency on key nuclei properties: the neutron, proton and atomic number of the nuclei. The behavior of nuclei near the GDR peak energy and the dependency of the GDR peak on the isotopic nature are predicted. An effort has been made to explain the deformation of the GDR peak in (γ, n) nuclear reaction cross sections for some isotopes, which could not be reproduced with TALYS – 1.6 and EMPIRE – 3.2.2. The evaluated data have been presented for the isotopes 180W, 183W, 202Pb, 203Pb, 204Pb, 205Pb, 231Pa, 232U, 237U and 239Pu, for which there are no previous measurements.


My Neighbor, My Enemy examines prevalent theoretical assumptions regarding the emotive issues of justice, reconciliation, accountability and community-relations after armed conflict. Setting the text apart is it's questioning of the local impact of processes of international justice. As the editors state, 'assumptions about the effects that justice has on individuals and societies have gone unexamined and unchallenged far too long. Some of the most frequently repeated, and those that we perhaps most wish to be true, are due careful scrutiny' (p. 3.)


Background: Angiogenesis is common in cancer and reflects the requirement for a vascular network to support continued uncontrolled growth. Two strategies of antiangiogenic therapy have emerged; one targeting VEGF (growth-factor-ligand-based antagonists) and the second targeting VEGF receptor (receptor-based antagonists, small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors). Methods: The literature as reviewed by Reardon et al. 1 regarding treatment of recurrent high-grade gliomas (HGG) with antiangiogenic therapy (predominantly ligand-based and administered in conjunction with cytotoxic chemotherapy) reports response rates of 30 – 60% and 6-month progression-free survival of 25 – 50%. Problems include new antiangiogenic-class side effects and control of administration and timing in relation to surgery. Results/conclusions: Ligand-based antiangiogenic therapy is a compelling targeted therapy for HGG and will continue to emerge as an important antiglioma therapy. Further studies are required to define the population of patients in whom this therapy is of benefit, identify the optimal dose and schedule, characterize the value of co-administered (cytotoxic and targeted) therapies and establish validated response measures.


BACKGROUND
Early interim positron emission tomography (PET) scans appear powerfully predictive of outcome in Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), particularly in advanced-stage disease where it has been predominantly studied. The prognostic value of interim PET in limited-stage patients with nonbulky disease has not been well established.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Ninety-six patients with nonbulky limited-stage HL were identified who had interim and end-of-treatment PET scans. Response rate, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated.

RESULTS
Four-year PFS and OS for the entire cohort were 88% and 97%, respectively. Interim PET did not predict outcome, with PFS in positive and negative patients 87% versus 91% (P=0.57), respectively. End-of-treatment PET result was predictive of outcome, with PFS of 94% in end PET-negative patients versus 54% in end PET-positive patients (P<0.0001). Four-year OS was 100% in end PET-negative patients and 84% in end PET-positive patients (P<0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
Interim PET scans were not predictive of outcome, compared with scans carried out at completion of therapy. End-of-treatment PET was highly predictive of PFS and OS, regardless of interim PET result. In this low-risk patient population, even patients with interim positive PET scans show a favorable prognosis.


In this paper we present two deep-learning systems that competed at SemEval-2018 Task 3 "Irony detection in English tweets". We design and ensemble two independent models, based on recurrent neural networks (Bi-LSTM), which operate at the word and character level, in order to capture both the semantic and syntactic information in tweets. Our models are augmented with a self-attention mechanism, in order to identify the most informative words. The embedding layer of our word-level model is initialized with word2vec word embeddings, pretrained on a collection of 550 million English tweets. We did not utilize any handcrafted features, lexicons or external datasets as prior information and our models are trained end-to-end using back propagation on constrained data. Furthermore, we provide visualizations of tweets with annotations for the salient tokens of the attention layer that can help to interpret the inner workings of the proposed models. We ranked 2nd out of 42 teams in Subtask A and 2nd out of 31 teams in Subtask B. However, post-task-completion enhancements of our models achieve state-of-the-art results ranking 1st for both subtasks.


An 8‐year‐old girl was referred to the Genetics Centre with mild developmental delay, mild dysmorphic features, and a head circumference on the 98th centile. She was noted to have large irregular ear lobes, torticollis, and mild hemihypertrophy. Karyotype analysis of cultured peripheral lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts revealed the presence of a symmetrical supernumerary marker chromosome in 13% of cells from both tissue types. Further analysis showed that this marker chromosome originated from the distal region of chromosome 13 and contained no centromeric α‐satellite DNA. The marker chromosome was not found in blood from the parents. This case represents a novel symmetrical structure with a previously unreported neocentromere locus, leading to an unusual phenotype. Similar cases of individuals with a chromosome 13 with a neocentromere have been reported. They are reviewed and compared with the current case. The importance of scanning metaphases for abnormalities in individuals presenting with asymmetry is emphasized. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Aim  Portfolios are often used as an instrument with which to stimulate students to reflect on their experiences. Research has shown that working with portfolios does not automatically stimulate reflection. In this study we addressed the question: What are the conditions for successful reflective use of portfolios in undergraduate medical education?


In this paper, the impact of short fiber content, yarn count and yarn delivery speed on the structure and properties of fine count cotton vortex yarns were investigated. The factors affecting the fine count yarn spinning on a vortex spinning system were determined on the basis of yarn structure and properties by using the linear regression technique. Moreover, the spinning limits of combed cotton vortex spun yarns were investigated. The results of the experiments revealed that the short fiber content in the cotton sliver is an important parameter in spinning fine count vortex spun yarns. The lower short fiber content in the sliver allows finer counts to be spun in the vortex spinning system. It was also observed that yarn delivery speed influences the yarn structure, and hence the yarn properties significantly, since it determines the residence time of the fibers in the yarn formation zone, and also affects the fiber control due to the air flow caused by the surface speed of the delivery rollers. In addition, the structure and properties of vortex spun yarns change significantly with regard to yarn count.


The Acetochlor Registration Partnership (ARP) conducted a 7-yr ground water monitoring program at a total of 175 sites in seven states: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Nebraska, and Wisconsin. While acetochlor [2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-acetamide] was the primary focus, the analytical methods also quantified alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)-acetamide], atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-acetamide], and two classes of soil degradates for acetochlor, alachlor, and metolachlor. Ground water samples were collected monthly for five years and quarterly for two additional years. All samples were analyzed for the presence of parent herbicides, and degradates were monitored during the last three years. Parent acetochlor was detected above 0.1 microg L(-1) in three or more samples at just seven sites. Alachlor and metolachlor were also rarely detected, but atrazine was detected in 36% of all samples analyzed. Even more widespread were the tertiary amide sulfonic acid (ethanesulfonic acid, ESA) degradates of acetochlor, alachlor, and metolachlor, which were detected at 81, 76, and 106 sites, respectively. The other class of monitored soil degradates (oxanilic acid, OXA) was detected less frequently, at 26, 16, and 63 sites for acetochlor OXA, alachlor OXA, and metolachlor OXA, respectively. The geographic distribution of detections did not follow the pattern originally expected when the study began. Rather than being a function primarily of soil texture, the detection of these herbicides in shallow ground water was related to site-specific factors associated with local topography, the occurrence of surface water drainage features, irrigation practices, and the vertical positioning of the well screen.


We investigate the dynamics of pairs of Fermions and Bosons released from a box and find that their populations have unique generic properties ensuing from the axioms of quantum statistics and symmetries. These depend neither on the specific equations of wave function propagation, such as Schr\"odinger, Klein-Gordon, Dirac, nor on the specific potential involved. One surprising finding is that after releasing the pairs, there are always more Boson than Fermion pairs outside the box. Moreover, if the initial wave functions have the same symmetry (odd or even), then there is a higher chance for a Boson than a Fermion pair to escape from the trap in opposite directions, as if they repel each other. We calculate the wave functions exactly, numerically, and asymptotically for short time and demonstrate these generic results in the specific case of particles released from an infinite well.


In the lead-up to World War II, both Germany and the Soviet Union pursued important changes in military doctrine that proved crucial during the armed confrontation between the two countries in 19411945. Using a new book by the military historian Mary Habeck as a point of departure, this essay explains how the German and Soviet armed forces by the late 1930s had developed almost identical doctrines without extensively borrowing from each other. Although the doctrinal innovations that informed the German Blitzkrieg and the Soviet conception of deep battle have long attracted attention, Habeck's book is the first detailed comparison of the development of armored warfare in these two countries. Although the book does not provide a comprehensive explanation of the sources of innovation in military doctrine, it sheds a great deal of light on the revolutionary changes in German and Soviet military doctrines during the interwar years.


The heritable component to a long and healthy life is likely to involve the actions and interactions of both nuclear and mitochondrial genetic variants. Using computerized genealogical records with accompanying cause of death information from the Utah population, we previously reported cause-specific mortality rate distributions associated with the nuclear genetic component of familial exceptional longevity. Here we identify Utah matrilineages (mitochondrial lineages) in which overall survival is better than expected, and compare cause-specific mortality rates in those matrilineages to cause-specific mortality rates in the general population. We also examine the effects on cause-specific mortality of interactions between the nuclear and mitochondrial components of familial excess longevity (nuclear FEL and mtFEL). Among individuals from the bottom quartile of nuclear FEL, those who were also in the top quartile for mtFEL had lower all-cause, heart disease, cancer, stroke, and diabetes mortality rates than those in the bottom quartile of mtFEL. In contrast, among individuals from the top quartile of nuclear FEL, the mortality rates from these diseases were similar for those also in the top quartile of mtFEL vs. those also in the bottom quartile of mtFEL, with the exception of diabetes mortality, which was dramatically suppressed in the high nuclear FEL + high mtFEL group as compared to the high nuclear FEL + low mtFEL group. Moreover, the highest mortality rates from diabetes were found in individuals aged 90 years or older who were members of both the high nuclear FEL and low mtFEL quartiles. These results support the hypothesis that some nuclear genetic variants contributing to long life carry an increased risk of dying from diabetes that is strongly ameliorated by some mitochondrial DNA variants.


SIR,-Your leading article "Postoperative Gas Gangrene " (14 October, p. 68) is a timely reminder of the unexpected and, fortunately, unusual risk run by the patient after surgery. This risk exists despite exhaustive efforts to control the environmental and personal sources of Clostridium welchii. I believe clostridial cellulitis and myositis occur more commonly than is realized. Since the opening of a small hyperbaric oxygen unit three years ago 16 cases of postoperative and post-traumatic gas gangrene have been admitted from a relatively small population. Answers from a group of orthopaedic surgeons indicated that more than 50 cases had occurred in a population of three million in five years. You state that gas gangrene is a rare and terrifying disease, as indeed many diseases have been prior to methods of control. Gas gangrene, however, has yielded over the last 10 years to a most effective form of treatment, hyperbaric oxygen, first reported by Boerema.' Van Zyl,' reporting on 200 cases treated all over the world, revealed a mortality rate of 2.9% when excluding those moribund on admission and dying within 24 hours. At our unit' we have had patients in extremis with toxicity and confusion recover within hours, and had only one death in 16 patients with established gas gangrene. The cause of death was liver and renal failure. The improvement is caused by transporting oxygen in plasma to the ischaemic tissues and preventing the elaboration of toxins by Cl. welchii. It is the ischaemia and anoxia which prevent penicillin destroying the organisms in the wound, and these proceed to produce toxins which cause tissue necrosis and even death. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment renders the patient fitter for surgery and limits the procedure to excision of sloughs, with avoidance of dramatic amputations. There are facilities for hyperbaric oxygen treatment in many centres in the United Kingdom, and it is surprising that you did not refer to this therapy in your welcome article. Indeed, it is in the United Kingdom that so much of the impetus and development of the hyperbaric oxygen facilities has occurred. It is to be hoped that, while the evaluation of this therapy in other fields proceeds, the opportunity is not lost for rendering this life-saving method to the victims of surgery and trauma.-I am, etc., RoY H. MAUDSLEY. Heatherwood Orthopaedic Hospital, Ascot, Berkshire.


Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and related Ipomoea species are frequently infected by monopartite begomoviruses (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae), known as sweepoviruses. Unlike other geminiviruses, the genomes of sweepoviruses have been recalcitrant to rendering infectious clones to date. Thus, Koch's postulates have not been fullfilled for any of the viruses in this group. Three novel species of sweepoviruses have recently been described in Spain: Sweet potato leaf curl Lanzarote virus (SPLCLaV), Sweet potato leaf curl Spain virus (SPLCSV) and Sweet potato leaf curl Canary virus (SPLCCaV). Here we describe the generation of the first infectious clone of an isolate (ES:MAL:BG30:06) of SPLCLaV. The clone consisted of a complete tandem dimeric viral genome in a binary vector. Successful infection by agroinoculation of several species of Ipomoea (including sweet potato) and Nicotiana benthamiana was confirmed by PCR, dot blot and Southern blot hybridization. Symptoms observed in infected plants consisted of leaf curl, yellowing, growth reduction and vein yellowing. Two varieties of sweet potato, 'Beauregard' and 'Promesa', were infected by agroinoculation, and symptoms of leaf curl and interveinal loss of purple colouration were observed, respectively. The virus present in agroinfected plants was readily transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci to I. setosa plants. The progeny virus population present in agroinfected I. setosa and sweet potato plants was isolated and identity to the original isolate was confirmed by sequencing. Therefore, Koch's postulates were fulfilled for the first time for a sweepovirus.


INTRODUCTION The concept of relationship marketing was formally introduced by Berry (1983), who defined it as attracting, maintaining and enhancing customer relationships. Gronroos (1991) defines relationship marketing as establishing relationships with customers and other parties at a profit by mutual exchange and fulfilment of promises. Some researchers interpret guanxi as the Chinese version of relationship marketing (Simmons and Munch, 1996). Relationship marketing is rooted in North American and European culture, while guanxi is rooted in Chinese culture. Luo (1997) defines guanxi as a special type of relationship that bonds the exchange partners through a reciprocal exchange of favours and mutual obligations, while Fan (2002) defines it as a process of social interaction that initially involves two individuals. Despite the similarity in the literal meanings of relationship marketing and guanxi, the conceptual meanings of these two terminologies in western academia and oriental culture are significantly different (Yau, Lee, Chow, Sin and Tse, 2000). Yau et al. (2000) suggest four dimensions in the concept of relationship marketing: bonding, trust, reciprocity and empathy (see Figure 1). They call them the components of relationship marketing orientation. The following is a brief description of each component. Bonding: Bonding is defined as the dimension of a business relationship that results in two parties (customer and supplier) acting in a unified manner towards a desired goal (Callaghan et al., 1995). Various bonds exist between parties that indicate different levels of relationship. They serve to effectively control social and business behaviour in society (Chiao, 1982), and to contribute to removing doubt, creating trust and forming close relationships (Hinde, 1997). The dimension of bonding as it applies to relationship marketing orientation involves the development and enhancement of consumer and brand loyalty, and, according to Levitt (1983), a long-term relationship (a "bonded relationship") with the seller. Thus, a long-term relationship requires a bond to exist. Empathy: Empathy is the dimension of a business relationship that enables the two parties to see the situation from the other's perspective. It can be defined as seeking to understand somebody else's desires and goals. It involves the ability of individual parties to view the situation from the other party's perspective in a truly cognitive sense (Hwang, 1987). The empathy dimension plays a major role in Chinese business relationships (Hwang, 1987; Brunner et al., 1989) and is also apparent in western business relationships (Ferguson, 1990; Houston et al., 1992). Empathy is therefore a necessary condition to foster a positive relationship between two parties. Reciprocity: Reciprocity is the dimension of a business relationship that causes either party to provide favours to or make allowances for the other in return for similar favours to be returned or allowances to be made at a later date (Callaghan et al., 1995). In social action between two individuals, it involves bilateral contingency, interdependence for mutual benefit, and equality of exchanged values (Lebra, 1976), and can be regarded as "sociological dualism" and as referring to "mutual legal obligations of repaying" (Malinowski, 1959). Houston et al. (1992), Ellis et al. (1993), and Smith and Johnson (1993) all highlight the links between reciprocity and empathy on the one hand, and relationship marketing and exchange on the other. Reciprocity and bonding are linked in that a reciprocal arrangement is indicative of cooperation. Trust: Trust is defined as a belief or conviction about the other party's intentions within a relationship. In the context of relationship marketing, trust can be defined as the dimension of a business relationship that determines the level to which each party feels they can rely on the integrity of the promise offered by the other (Callaghan et al. …


55 Background: Breast conserving therapy (BCT) represents a standard of care in the management of early stage breast cancer; while adjuvant radiation therapy was traditionally delivered using whole breast irradiation (WBI), accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) offers an alternative to WBI that shortens the duration of treatment and may improve toxicity profiles and quality of life. The purpose of this analysis is to compare clinical outcomes of patients treated with WBI versus APBI.

METHODS
A total of 3,009 patients were treated with BCT at single institution between 1980 and 2012 with 2,528 patients receiving WBI and 481 patients receiving APBI (interstitial or balloon-based). A matched-pair analysis was performed with patients matched according to age (+/- 3 years), T stage (Tis vs T1 vs T2), and estrogen receptor (ER) status (+/-). All patients had a minimum of 12 months of follow up. A total of 247 matches were made with clinical outcomes compared using the Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTS
Mean follow-up was 8.1 years for WBI vs. 7.8 years for APBI (p<0.001), a difference of less than 4 months. There were no differences with respect to age (p=0.88), tumor stage (p=1.0), or ER status (p=1.0). Long-term cosmesis was good to excellent in 94% vs. 95% of patients (p=0.78). WBI patients demonstrated a trend for slightly larger tumors (13.0 vs. 11.4 mm, p=0.06). At 10 years, no difference in ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (4% vs. 4%, p=0.11), regional recurrence (1% vs. 1%, p=0.20), distant metastases (3% vs. 6%, p=0.47), disease free survival (93% vs. 91%, p=0.10), or contralateral breast failure (9% v. 3%, p=0.06) was noted when comparing WBI and APBI. In addition, 10 year cause-specific survival (94% v. 93%, p=0.72) and overall survival (83% vs. 75%, p=0.34) were similar.

CONCLUSIONS
At 10 years, no differences in locoregional recurrence, distant metastasis or survival were found between patients undergoing whole breast irradiation or accelerated partial breast irradiation using interstitial catheter or balloon-based brachytherapy. These data represent one of the only APBI series with prolonged follow-up and show similar outcomes in a matched group of patients undergoing WBI or APBI.


The gene encoding a 23 kilodalton protein antigen has been cloned from Mycobacterium tuberculosis by screening of a recombinant DNA library with monoclonal antibodies. The product of the gene has been identified as the superoxide dismutase (SOD) of M. tuberculosis on the basis of sequence comparison and by expression of the recombinant protein in a functionally active form. The derived amino acid sequence of M. tuberculosis SOD reveals a close similarity to manganese‐containing SODs from other organisms, in spite of the fact that previous studies using the purified enzyme have identified iron as the preferred metal ion ligand. SOD is present in the extracellular fluid of logarithmic‐phase cultures of M. tuberculosis, but the structural gene is not preceded by a signal peptide sequence. Insertion of the M. tuberculosis SOD gene into a novel shuttle vector demonstrated the presence of a promoter which functions efficiently in mycobacteria but is ineffective in Escherichia coli


We examined the ability of a set of cloned chicken ovalbumin (cOVA)- specific, Id-restricted, T cell hybridomas to produce interleukin-2 in response to cOVA presented by the Ia+ B cell lymphoma line, A20-2J. Although viable A20-2J cells presented native, denatured, and fragmented cOVA more or less equally well, A20-2J cells that were glutaraldehyde-fixed could present only enzymatically or chemically fragmented cOVA. These results suggest that antigen fragmentation may be both necessary and sufficient to define accessory cell processing of soluble antigens so that they may be recognized in association with I- region molecules by T cells.


We prove the existence of fractional monodromy for two degree of freedom
 integrable Hamiltonian systems with one-parameter families of curled tori
 under certain general conditions. We describe the action coordinates of such
 systems near curled tori and we show how to compute fractional monodromy using
 the notion of the rotation number.


The Indian auto industry is one of the largest in the world with an annual production of 23.37 million vehicles in FY 2014-15, following a growth of 8.68 per cent over the last year. The automobile industry accounts for 7.1 per cent of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). Moreover, the growing interest of the companies in exploring the rural markets further aided the growth of the sector. Several initiatives by the Government of India and the major automobile players in the Indian market are expected to make India a leader in the world by 2020. The industry produced a total of 23,366,246 vehicles including passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles, three wheelers and two wheelers in April-March 2015 as against 21,500,165 in April-March 2014, registering a growth of 8.68 percent over the same period last year. Indian automobile industry is trying to make a breakthrough in improving the efficiency, durability and cost of vehicles using nanotechnology solutions along with decreasing the pollution by using hydrogen fuel or electric engines. In this paper, we have discussed the effect of nanotechnology innovations on Indian automobile sector in order to solve the problems in automobile efficiency, durability, cost, and environmental pollution. The paper also contains the discussion on the impact of these innovations on economical, political and renewable energy sector of the country.