Magnetic resonance images acquired at the highest strength of the main magnetic field B0 are of interest since they highly benefit from an increased signal to noise ratio. At ultra high field strengths (B0 > 7 Tesla) images with more contrast and higher resolution can thus be obtained, opening new insights into the understanding of organ structures and disease evolutions. One of the main challenges of ultra high field MR imaging is that the wavelength of MR radiations starts to be shorter than the typical organs of interest. At such wavelength, the transmit magnetic field B1+ used to manipulate the magnetization in MR imaging is subject to constructive and destructive interferences and becomes position dependent. This inhomogeneity in the B1+ field leads to signal and contrast variations in the anatomical images which are prone to misinterpretation. This thesis is about measuring and correcting the inhomogeneous B1+ field at 7 Tesla. To be able to correct the B1+ inhomogeneity, it is necessary to measure it first. An appropriate B1+-mapping sequence should provide accurate measurements in a wide range of B1+ values in a short amount of time since the acquisition of the B1+ distribution can be considered as an adjustment step. The SA2RAGE sequence was developed according to these criteria, allowing a typical three-dimensional B1+ map to be acquired in less than 2min. The next challenge was to correct the B1+ inhomogeneity observed across the brain at 7 Tesla. To obtain results of high quality, RF pulses were designed to generate the desired magnetization profile. It was already known that kT-point pulses designed in the small tip angle (STA) approximation provided substantial B1+ inhomogeneity correction. In this thesis, a methodology expressing the Bloch equations in a linear form was developed for the design of kT-point pulses beyond the STA regime. Excitation, inversion and refocusing pulses were designed and significant improvements were observed in the associated magnetization profiles when compared to the results found in the STA regime. The last part of the thesis was dedicated to the design of kT-points for a turbo spin echo (TSE) sequence in order to remove the effect of the B1+ inhomogeneity on T2-weighted imaging at 7 Tesla. In the first approach, a kT-point pulse was designed in the STA regime to make the excitation profile as homogeneous as possible. It was demonstrated that a symmetric kT-point pulse designed in the STA regime still generates an homogeneous excitation profile for flip angles as high as 120°. A unique symmetric kT-point pulse was designed in the STA regime and used to replace all the original hard pulses of a TSE sequence (static design). By adding parallel transmission, anatomical images largely devoid of artifacts resulting from the common B1+ inhomogeneity at 7 Tesla were acquired. To be able to acquire T2-weighted images with signal and contrast homogeneity by using a more efficient TSE sequence protocol, a specific kT-point waveform was optimized for each pulse of the TSE sequence (dynamic design). It was demonstrated that, although at a cost of an increase of the specific absorption rate, the dynamic outperforms the static kT-point design in terms of signal and contrast homogeneity obtained in the acquired T2-weighted images. The use of dynamic kT-points to obtain such a quality in T2-weighted imaging is thus promising for clinical applications at ultra high field.


The objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of developmental dental anomalies among the intermediate schools' Saudi students in Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. Subjects and Methods: The study was based on clinical examination of a selected dental anomalies among 2826 Saudi children (1562 male and 1264 female) aged 12-14 year from different administrative areas of Qassim, Saudi Arabia.The anomalies were related to the number, size and shape of permanent teeth. Results: The following anomalies were identified: hypodontia (0.4%), supernumerary teeth (0.1%), microdontia (0.4%), peg-shaped lateral incisors (0.6%), macrodontia (1.7%), dens in dent (0.1%) and talon cusp (1.0%).These anomalies were more prevalent in female than male children. Conclusion: The prevalence of the dental anomalies among 12-14 years old school in Qassim area showed to be higher than the recommended international rates.


Chondroblastoma is a rare, giant cell-rich, benign neoplasm of bone. Since the past few decades fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has gained momentum in preoperative diagnosis of bone lesions. At cytology, other giant cell-rich tumors and tumorlike lesions such as aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC), giant cell tumor, and chondromyxoid fibroma fall under the differential diagnosis of chondroblastoma. Due to the difference in the treatment protocol and prognosis, preoperative diagnosis is mandatory. We describe the cytomorphology in two cases of chondroblastoma diagnosed at FNAC and confirmed by histopathology. At cytology, the presence of giant cells, chondroid matrix, mononuclear cells with nuclear indentation, and grooving along with glassy, vacuolated cytoplasm are characteristic of chondroblastoma. In addition to this, the presence of chicken wire calcification is a useful clue to the accurate diagnosis of chondroblastoma at FNAC.


Using recent survey data (n = 1,430) on trust levels in agri-food supplier-buyer relationships in six different European countries, two commodity chains (meat and cereals) and two chain stages (farmer-processor and processor-retailer), main determinants of trust are identified and discussed. The structural equation modelling estimation results indicate that trust can be significantly improved by effective communication and by a positive collaboration experience. The existence of personal bonds does not seem to play a direct role in the retailer-processor relationship but is important when dealing with farmers. In both chain stages a positive collaboration experience as well the existence of personal bonds also indirectly enhance trust by promoting effective communication which in turn positively impacts on trust levels, thus making it a powerful mediator.


This paper examines the information content of risk-neutral moments to explain crude oil futures returns. Implied volatility and higher moments are extracted from observed crude oil option prices using a model-free implied volatility framework and the Black–Scholes model. We find a tenuous and time-varying association between returns and implied volatility and its innovations. Specifically, changes in implied volatility are found to be meaningfully associated with crude returns only over the period spanning the recent financial crisis. The results lead us to conclude that crude oil prices are determined primarily in a flow demand/supply environment. Finally, we document that oil risk is priced into the cross-section of stock returns in the oil and transportation sectors.


The diagnosis of acute cholecystitis in the intensive care patient is often problematic. While most patients with acute cholecystitis present with fever, increased white count, or symptomatology pertaining to the gallbladder, occasionally these patients may be comatose and often present a diagnostic dilemma. Surgical cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice for acute cholecystitis, but this therapy carries with it a high mortality rate in the desperately ill patient. Thus surgical cholecystostomy has been advocated as a temporizing procedure to be performed until these patients stabilize. More recently percutaneous cholecystostomy, performed at the patient's bedside under ultrasound guidance, has been successfully performed using small-size catheters. This is a low-risk temporizing procedure when performed by well-trained personnel. In fact, percutaneous cholecystostomy has been shown to be a definitive treatment in patients with acute acalculous cholecystitis. Patients with calculous cholecystitis may require more definitive therapy, such as cholecystectomy. Presented is a review of the development and the current applications of percutaneous cholecystostomy in intensive care patients with suspected acute cholecystitis.


The purpose of this case study is to explore how students make sense of and respond to messages about information in higher education. This study identifies the messages students in higher education receive about information gathering, conducting research, and the credibility and authority of information sources. This research revealed that students are receiving the message from faculty that format is a stand-in for credibility. Research to date focuses on how to steer students to information privileged by the academy: academic, peer reviewed articles, and books. The voice of students is often absent. This study employs the critical framework of Paulo Freire in order to give voice to student perceptions of information.


For a political project of memory. The objective of this paper is to provoke a debate about the social-political reality of Brazil focusing on one of the most striking phenomena of this reality: forgetfulness and impunity. The proposed task is based on some philosophical propositions formulated by the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche which allow the evaluation of the importance of the past to the constitution of the present time, as well as how the present can actively interact with this past. In specific terms, we intend to take this conception to evaluate the hypothesis that the forgetfulness associated with impunity, in the case of Brazil, does not correspond to a kind of amnesia or simple lack of memory, but it is the result of an interdiction-project about the past that arises from the interest of certain configurations of power that at present continue to gather benefits from violence and injustices committed in the past. However, the same assumption hypothesis which allows us ,on the one hand, to verify nowadays the perpetuation of the effects of certain violence and injustices of the past, also allows us, on the other hand, to think of a political project of memory that is configured, for example, through affirmative policies such as "family allowance" programs of quotas for African descents in universities etc. Such policies, for sure, constitute today a reference for the construction of an idea of justice that has in the appropriation of the past the most basic material to build relationships with less disproportionate measures in the present.


We report the magnetic dead layer at the interfaces between Fe and Si(111) surfaces. We prepared two ultrathin iron-silicides, c(8×4) prepared at 900 K and p(2×2) at 700 K, and clean reconstructed 7×7 surface for the silicon templates. By using magneto-optical Kerr effect, we found that at room temperature the ferromagnetic order appears at 5.5 ML, 8.2 ML, and 10.9 ML for Fe/c(8×4) silicide, Fe/p(2×2) silicide, and Fe/Si(111)-7×7 surface, respectively. From the thickness dependent magnetization measurements, we decided the magnetic dead layer for Fe/c(8×4) silicide, Fe/p(2×2) silicide, and Fe/Si(111)-7×7 to be 3.0 ML, 5.0 ML, and 7.5 ML, respectively. Our results indicate that the c(8×4) iron silicide surface prevents further silicide formation more effectively than the p(2×2) silicide and Si(111)-7×7 surface. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2018.101]


The majority of AIDS patients will develop ocular complications at some point during the course of their illness. The most common complications involve the retina. Accurate diagnosis of noninfectious and infectious (especially CMV) retinopathy is extremely important as most forms of infectious retinitis can be treated, albeit not without significant complications in many cases. Close cooperation between the ophthalmologist and internist is essentially to ensure that timely therapeutic intervention, which can dramatically reduce the risk of visual impairment and blindness, can be initiated. AIDS-related diseases of the central nervous system, especially nonviral infections, are often associated with abnormalities of ocular function. Assessment of visual acuity, visual fields, extraocular movements, pupillary reflexes, color perception, and the condition of optic nerve and retina is important for accurate diagnosis.


In a cellular network it is necessary to make a trade-off between congestion and Quality of Service (QoS) of the users. To ensure good system performance in uplink of a WCDMA network, control loops are used to adapt to changing radio and interference conditions. A fast inner power control loop updates the transmission powers of the mobiles based on measurements related to QoS, which are compared to a reference value. The reference value is set dynamically by a slower outer rate control loop that uses measurements of congestion. There is a time-scale difference between the loops, but joint dynamics cannot be neglected. In this paper we derive a high order system model with distributed feedback control based on locally measurable information. We model the time-scale difference between the loops and include this in the model. We give sufficient conditions for stability using control theoretic methods and validate the model and results by simulations.


This review presents the main principles underlying the theoretical description of the behavior of regular and random arrays of nanometric active sites. It is further shown how they can be applied for establishing a useful semi-analytical approximation of the arrays responses under diffusion limited conditions when they involve the common situation of active sites with identical sizes. This approximation is general and, as exemplified for different type of arrays, can be employed for describing the behavior of any array involving arbitrary distributions of their active sites onto the substrate surface. Furthermore, this efficient approach allows statistical characterization of active sites distributions of any array based on chronoamperometric data.


Increasing incidences of head and neck cancers and rising proportions of these associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), especially in the oropharynx, have been reported in international studies. So far, the trends and contribution of HPV to the number of newly diagnosed cases of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) in Germany are uncertain. We investigated HPV association and incidence rates in a cohort of consecutively included patients with OPSCC in Giessen 2000–2017, and compared our results with regional (Giessen and the federal state of Hesse), national (Germany), and international (United States) databases. Regional data show a significant increase in the overall incidence rates of oropharyngeal cancers and in the incidence of HPV-associated cancers of the subsites tonsils and oropharynx, whereas other oropharyngeal subsites show no significant change. Analysis of national databases shows a significant incidence increase in Germany and in the United States. The rise in incidence is predominantly attributable to male patients in the US population, whereas in Germany rising OPSCC incidence is more associated with females. There is a significant elevation of OPSCC incidence rates in Germany, which corresponds to the recognized incidence increase of HPV-related oropharyngeal cancers based on experimental data from consecutively included patients of our cohort. Our investigation shows different patterns of this increase in Germany and in the United States, which demonstrates spatial heterogeneity and the need for population-based investigations regarding the role of HPV in oropharyngeal cancer.


Increasing community and political concern about excessive alcohol consumption and related harms in Australia has prompted calls for the introduction of tighter regulatory controls. From an evidence-based, research perspective, measures which increase alcohol prices and taxes, in particular, are considered most effective for reducing alcohol consumption and related harms. Accordingly, this report presents a review of pricing and taxation policy levers that have been considered and/or implemented nationally and internationally. These policies include: alcohol taxation and differential price by beverage; special/additional taxation on alcopops; minimum pricing; and bans on price discounts and promotions. Industry response to these policy initiatives is discussed, in addition to the role of public opinion in policy-making, and the issue of substitution and complementarity with other drugs. This review is designed to inform policymakers of useful taxation and pricing policy levers to redress alcohol-related harm in the Australian community. We conclude that each policy holds some promise, and it appears that they would be more successful when used in combination than as individual uncoordinated strategies.


The role of genetics in the etiopathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is unclear. In this study, we investigated the relationship between AIS and polymorphisms in MATN‐1, LCT C/T‐13910, and VDR BsmI genes. 53 Turkish adolescents with diagnosed AIS and 54 healthy adult individuals were included in the study. MATN‐1, LCT C/T‐13910, and VDR BsmI gene mutations were analyzed with real‐time PCR. We did not detect a statistically significant difference between AIS and control groups in respect to those three different gene polymorphisms (p < 0.05). We next evaluated the associations of all three SNPs with scoliosis curve severity. There was no significant difference between curve severity and gene polymorphisms (p < 0.05). In terms of gene polymorphisms, AIS patients with a family history of AIS did not significantly differ from AIS patients who did not have history (p < 0.05). AIS might be caused by many different gene mutations, biomechanical mechanisms that have been modified by environmental factors, different biological interactions, modulation of growth, or a synergy of different factors causing abnormal control of growth. However, the existing knowledge is still not enough to explain the etiopathogenesis of AIS. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1459–1463, 2012


A considerable amount of research consistently finds is that the better educated, generally, earn more than the less educated. It is also believed that better work and technical skills are linked to education. For these and other reasons, researchers and policy makers have long pushed for increasing the educational attainment of the American population. And, indeed, over the 20th Century, the American population has become highly educated to the point where a high school education is no longer seen as a path to better economic status. Rather, a college degree has taken that role. Since about mid-20th century more Americans are going to college, and this may have important implications for income inequality? In this paper, I examine income inequality among four education classes (ECs): those with less than a High School Diploma, those with a High School Diploma, those with some college, and those with a college degree or more. I compute Gini Coefficients for all four groups for the years 1950 to 2009 using the Decennial Census and the 2009 American Community Survey. I also present a brief analysis about the contribution each EC makes to the overall Gini Index. My results point out that income inequality was initially driven by those with less than a high school education, was passed onto those with a high school diploma, and in recent years has greatly increased due to those with a college education. Moreover, I found that wage inequality was greater among the college educated than among the other ECs.


Academic tutoring as a supplementary form of education has quickly spread across China. Tutoring has attracted young college-educated practitioners and has become a highly organized industry. The industry is fast-churning and opportunistic. This article examines the nature of tutors' work using the qualitative data of 31 tutors and their managers in Beijing. Characteristics of tutoring are typical of precarious service labor with irregular work schedules, blurred work–life boundaries, and artificial emotional labor. However, we also found that tutors' work was constrained by their invisible neighbor, schoolteachers, in a linked professional ecology. Tutors have limited jurisdiction over daily tasks and perform reactionary teaching based on school subjects. This lack of control has allowed the industry to rationalize their work, making tutors disposable. Our research offers new insights into the linked professions of tutors and schoolteachers. It enriches the concept of precarious and opportunistic labor practices from the sociology of professions perspective.


Based on the experiments on 4 specimens with the dimension of 700mm×700mm and different thickness, the failure mode and anti-crack performance of the steel fiber reinforced high strength concrete four-pile cap was studied. The results show that the steel fiber mixed in high strength concrete in four-pile cap enhances its cracking load, limits the propagation of crack obviously and raises the ductility greatly. It also indicates that the ultimate load-carrying capacity of four-pile cap can be improved significantly with the increase of effective thickness.


This paper analyzes exception handling in business process management (BPM) with a major focus on resilience, i.e., the capability to maintain operations under a wide spectrum of potential breakdowns. The research highlights the need to support various types of exceptions, including expected, planned, unexpected, and true exceptions. The developed support contemplates the vital human involvement in exception handling. We propose a specialized component supporting exception diagnosis, escalation to several operators, collaboration support, recovery actions, and monitoring the system evolution. The fundamental contribution of this research is the extension of BPM exception-handling capabilities to true exceptions.


In this paper, we present a combined flight dynamic, control system, and wake interaction model for an array (farm) of tethered energy systems, assessing the response of the array to a turbulent incoming flow field. The model presented herein constitutes the most detailed farm-level dynamic model for tethered energy systems to-date. In particular, the model accounts for more realistic approximations of tether dynamics and added mass effects, while characterizing the ability to control the system through both tethers and control surfaces. Focusing on a specific design and array geometry for ocean current energy harvesting, we analyze the dynamic performance of the array under a turbulent flow field that is representative of the turbulent environment in the Gulf Stream. We perform a frequency domain analysis of individual tethered systems in order to better understand the attenuation properties of the modeled system.


ligion is an explicitly protected and even especially favored constitutional protection. The "wall of separation" is not. Should the "wall" become more religiously permissive than in the past? Though the book leans rather heavily on constitutional materials, it avoids these direct issues for a more general defense of the principle of separation. And yet, as the author states, he has not looked into the philosophical, theological, or sociological aspects of his problem. There are no comparative data on the Catholic Church in other countries. There is no consideration of how the church-state problem might appear on a supra-national scale. Despite these limitations the study is a valuable one and especially useful as a source wherein students may acquire a brief and accurate presentation of the foundations of the church-state problem prior to the twentieth century—HARVEY WHEELER, Washington and Lee University.


Moody et al. (2018) presented a unified model of information security policy compliance (UMISPC) to explain information systems security (ISS) behaviors. The model was empirically tested against 3 main types of security-related behavior: USB practices, not locking computers appropriately, and password issues. In this study, we present a conceptual replication of Moody et al. (2018) in order to provide stronger empirical support. To this end, our study has empirically examined UMISPC through three types of ISS behaviors within a work environment in the European Union (EU), where General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is in force. The replication of the empirical study with the three scenarios is original. While the replication in general highlights the strength of UMISPC, the results also indicate some differences from the original study and show that there is still room for improving some of its theoretical concepts.


Wherever humans work, varying degrees of e rror occur and the health care system is not exempted. The error may occur during drug administration. Materials/ Method: A retrospective study involving all patients who had undergone surgery as elective procedures using a general or regional anaesthetic technique within a twelve month period and discussion of the relevant literature. Result Out of the eight hundred and ninety-five elective surgical procedures, five patients were reported as involved in errors of drug administration: Conclusion: In order to minimize risks, the anaesthetist must carefully read labels before drug administration. Such labels must be written using clear handwriting or typed out where possible


The nanocrystals Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 solid solutions with various morphologies and crystal structures have been synthesized via a modified sol-gel method assisted with a template. Aerosol OT and/or ionic liquids ([MMIM]Cl] and [BMIM]Cl]) was used as a template. The characterization results of the X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and N2 adsorption at 77 K indicate that the physical properties of the solid solutions were significantly affected by the templates used and the calcination temperatures. The Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 calcined at 773 K possessed bimodal mesopores, narrow pore size distributions, and tetragonal phase.


Objective To assess the usability of a computerised drug monitoring programme for ambulatory patients receiving outpatient prescriptions. Materials and methods A prospective cohort of 200 patients received two automated calls after a new drug prescription (day 3 and day 17) to screen for unfilled prescriptions and medication problems. Usability was assessed objectively and subjectively with the coding of technical (eg, voice recognition problems) and respondent burden (eg, failing to follow instructions) problems observed during the calls, and with an interview 21 days after the prescription. Associations between personal factors, usability and call outcome were examined with logistic regression models. Results The automated calls successfully reached 70.0% of enrolled patients. Older age increased the likelihood of experiencing technical (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.22 to 3.88) and respondent burden problems (OR 3.32, 95% CI 1.88 to 5.87), as well as unsuccessful calls (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.19 to 3.91). Patients with higher education experienced less respondent burden problems (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.91), but they were more prone to have unsuccessful calls (OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.07 to 6.56) and less likely to find them useful (OR 0.23 95% CI 0.08 to 0.68). Older adults perceived the calls as easy to use and useful, although they reported lower intention to use the automated calls in the future (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.70). Discussion As reported in previous studies, we found that older adults tend to have more difficulty when interacting with automated calls. Evidence about the association between education and usability was mixed. Conclusions Our results highlight practical suggestions to improve the feasibility and usability of automated calls in primary care screening programmes.


The influence of microstructure and process history on mechanical behaviour of cast Al-Si alloys is reported. In the present work, the EN-AC 46000 and 46100 aluminium alloys have been gravity cast using a stepbar permanent mould, with a range of thickness going from 5 to 20 mm. Metallographic and image analysis techniques have been used to quantitatively examine the microstructural parameters of the ?-Al phase and eutectic Silicon. Microstructure has been also correlated with the results coming from the numerical simulation of the casting process. The results show that SDAS and length of eutectic silicon particles increase with section thickness, and consequently mechanical properties decrease.


Project success, which is critical to achieve, requires a competent project manager. Could anybody become a skilled project manager, or what does it take? One factor that is considered to influence the opportunities of succeeding is individuals' personality traits. Which ones would be suitable for Swedish IT project managers then? Could these be mirrored in the perspective of the Big five categories? This research was carried out by collecting and analyzing job advertisements henceforth ads. once a year 2010-2013, in total 325 ads. The findings indicate that the three most requested personality traits for a Swedish IT project manager are driven, communicative and structured. Mirrored in the Big five dimensions the most requested traits from the study fell into the categories conscientiousness and extraversion. The practical implication is improved ads. by using the Big five categories; research implications are foremost yet another perspective of IT project managers' personality traits.


1 Abstract: Data clustering is a popular approach for automatically finding set of objects into a specific number of clusters. Clustering is largely used in many fields including text mining, information retrieval and pattern grouping. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a population-based optimization algorithm modelled after the simulation of social behaviour of bird flocks and widely used for optimize problem solving. In clustering problem PSO gives optimal solution but takes long time (so called iterations) to find the optimum solution. The hybrid PSO and K-means algorithm is developed to automatically detect the cluster centers of geometrical structure data sets. The proposed algorithm gives the benefits for each of two-merged algorithms. K-means is fast algorithm, PSO optimize the solution. The implementation of the hybrid K-means PSO structure is realized in hardware. The clustering based on hybrid K-means PSO architecture is described by different technique for hardware description (i.e. block diagram) and implemented on field programmable gate array (FPGA). Its feasibility is verified by experiments. Results show that the proposed architecture implemented on the FPGA has a good clustering technique especially for testing with color reduction for true color video.


Video communication on the mobile devices will be very popular in the near future, but the limited resource of the current embedded processors can not support the complex video codec. In this paper we present the eMeeting prototype system which can implement the H.263 video encode and decode and bidirection communication on one XScale PXA255 general embedded processor. Experiment results show that the eMeeting system can achieve the frame rate up to 8fps under the circumstances that the encoding, decoding, network communication, video capturing and other modules are ongoing simultaneously


Aims and Objectives: The main goal of the present study is to investigate effects of crosslinguistic influence in third language acquisition by simultaneous bilinguals. We address the following research questions: Do both languages contribute to crosslinguistic influence in third language acquisition, or is one of them chosen as the sole source of influence? Is crosslinguistic influence always from the typologically more similar language? Is crosslinguistic influence always facilitative, or can it also be non-facilitative? Methodology: The paper reports on a grammaticality judgment task with two word order conditions, both related to verb movement (verb-second in Norwegian and subject-auxiliary inversion in English). Data and Analysis: An experiment was carried out with three groups of 11-14-year-old participants, Norwegian-Russian bilinguals (n=22), Norwegian-speaking monolinguals (n=46), and Russian-speaking monolinguals (n=31). The data were analyzed using a generalized linear mixed effects logistic regression allowing us to estimate the effects of condition (Adv-V, Aux-S), language (Norwegian, Norwegian-Russian, Russian) and their interaction on the correctness of judgments. Findings: The analysis reveals that while L1 Norwegian children over-accept ungrammatical sentences in English with a word order that reflects verb movement (V2), bilingual Norwegian-Russian children notice these errors significantly more often, just like L1 Russians. At the same time, the bilinguals score lower than L1 Russian children on grammatical trials, suggesting the presence of non-facilitative influence from Norwegian. Originality: This study argues for the Linguistic Proximity Model, which proposes incremental property-by-property learning and allows for both facilitative and non-facilitative influence from one or both of the previously acquired languages. Significance: The Linguistic Proximity Model and supporting experimental data contribute to existing models in third language acquisition by indicating that not just typological proximity but also structural similarity at an abstract level should be considered an important factor in third language acquisition.


From Galileo's analysis of motion to the theories of evolution and relativity, Charles Gillispie takes us on a masterly tour of the world of scientific ideas. The history of modern science is portrayed here as the development of objectivity through the study of nature. In the mid-1950s, a young professor at Princeton named Charles Gillispie began teaching Humanities 304, one of the first undergraduate courses offered anywhere in the world on the history of science. From start to finish--Galileo to Einstein--Gillispie introduced the students to the key ideas and individuals in science. The Edge of Objectivity arose out of this course. It must have been a lively class. The Edge of Objectivity is pointed, opinionated, and selective. Even at six hundred pages, the book is, as the title suggests, an essay. Gillispie is unafraid to rate Mendel higher than Darwin, Maxwell above Faraday. Full of wry turns of phrase, the book effectively captures people and places. And throughout the book, Gillispie pushes an argument. He views science as the progressive development of more objective, detached, mathematical ways of viewing the world, and he orchestrates his characters and ideas around this theme. In the forty-five years since the publication of The Edge of Objectivity, historians of science have established a full-fledged discipline. They have focused increasingly on the social context of science rather than its internal dynamics, and they have frequently viewed science more as a threatening instance of power than as an accumulation of knowledge. Nevertheless, Gillispie's book remains a sophisticated, fast-moving, idiosyncratic account of the development of scientific ideas over four hundred years, by one of the founding intellects in the history of science.


The aim of the genre-based pedagogy is to focus on students' academic needs and enable them to read and write successfully (Martin, 1993, 2009). Therefore, it is imperative for teachers to understand the range of written genres and other writing skills that students need to use in their academic studies. This study has aimed to design an alternative and effective way of teaching writing to English Language and Literature students within the genre-based pedagogy considering their academic needs. The present study attempts to investigate the process of building metacognitive genre-awareness and show how it influences English Language and Literature students' ability to interpret and compose academic texts. The present study is designed as a case study, and mixed methods of data collection and analysis have been adopted. Several sources of data coming from both the teacher herself and the students such as classroom observation and teacher's journal, students' written texts (portfolios), students' diaries and interview with students have been used to have a deeper understanding of the process of genre-based writing instruction. The results of the study indicate that most of the students acquired, at least, metacognitive awareness of the declarative type, they seem to move their writing ability up and there is a general improvement in their writing performance.


Taxonomic composition and stratigraphic distribution of megafossils in the Pico Formation south of Newhall, northern Los Angeles County, Southern California, are described in detail. Eighty-three taxa, from 15 localities, were found: one brachiopod, 36 bivalves, 40 gastropods, one scaphopod, one crab, one barnacle, one sea urchin, one shark, and one land plant. All are illustrated here. The pectinid bivalve Argopecten invalidus (Hanna, 1924) is put into synonymy with A. subdolus (Hertlein, 1925) and A. callidus (Hertlein, 1925). Rare specimens of the gastropods Calliostoma and Ocinebrina might be new species. The mollusks, which are indicative of a late Pliocene age, lived in waters of inner sublittoral depths and normal marine salinity. Most of the 41 extant species indicate warm-temperate waters similar to those occurring today off the adjacent coast, although a few species, both extant and extinct, indicate a southerly warmer water component. The fauna lived predominantly in, or on, soft sands, but a few lived on other shells or possibly on large rock clasts. Geologic field mapping done as part of this present study revealed that the Pico Formation south of Newhall was deposited at the site where a braided river entered the marine environment (i.e., braid delta). Initially, the river gravel and coarse sand interfingered with relatively deep offshore silts, barren of megafauna, in the lower and middle parts of the formation. Eventually, the delta built up, and the resulting shoaling conditions in the upper part of the formation were conducive for the megafauna to live in, or immediately adjacent to, the deltaic shoreface fine sands. Storm waves raked the delta and concentrated the shells of the megafauna, along with cobbles of igneous and metamorphic basement rocks, into channelized deposits. Postmortem transport distance was short, as evidenced by many paired-valved bivalve shells.


Abstract:  In Argentina, Lgbtiq organizations have recently attempted to change anti-discriminations bills with no luck. Some of their legislative bills included requests to regulate online content. Here I argue that discrimination bills must include discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation, gender identity and its expressions. But our study showed that moderators cannot help protect users from hateful content and can do very little to prevent violence in online spaces. We found that attacks against Lgbtiq people in Lgbtiq blogs were common, and they are now being discriminated against in the name of freedom of speech and religious freedom. Moreover, the perpetrators used religious discrimination as a way to defend themselves from further attacks. Keywords : discrimination, Lgbtiq, communication, Internet, blogs.


The Klf6 gene is a tumor suppressor gene belonging to the family of the Klf gene and closely associated with tumor formation. Recently, super enhancers(SEs) have been shown to play a particularly important role in regulating cell identity and are attempting to evaluate the in vivo function of SEs. But direct functional evidence of SE associated with Klf6 is lacking. Using genomic editing technology, we have attempted to identify super enhancer associated with the expression of Klf6 and clarify its function in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. As a result, it identified the Klf6 related SE and demonstrated that the Klf6-related SE is responsible for more than 80% of Klf6 gene expression. It also revealed the hierarchical structure of the Klf-6 related SE and the function of individual enhancers. Our results provide the functional significance of the super enhancer in understanding the transcriptional regulation mechanism of Klf6


It is commonly believed that epidemic spreading on scale-free networks is difficult to control and that the disease can spread even with a low infection rate, lacking an epidemic threshold. In this paper, we study epidemic spreading on complex networks under the framework of game theory, in which a voluntary vaccination strategy is incorporated. In particular, individuals face the 'dilemma' of vaccination: they have to decide whether or not to vaccinate according to the trade-off between the risk and the side effects or cost of vaccination. Remarkably and quite excitingly, we find that disease outbreak can be more effectively inhibited on scale-free networks than on random networks. This is because the hub nodes of scale-free networks are more inclined to take self-vaccination after balancing the pros and cons. This result is encouraging as it indicates that real-world networks, which are often claimed to be scale free, can be favorably and easily controlled under voluntary vaccination. Our work provides a way of understanding how to prevent the outbreak of diseases under voluntary vaccination, and is expected to provide valuable information on effective disease control and appropriate decision-making.


This paper presents a formal approach to resolve an important question concerning changes in the control of computerized manufacturing systems when a human operator is involved as a task-performing agent. It requires building a model of human functional specifications used in executing tasks and integrating it into a control scheme for the model. More importantly, analysis of control complexity needs to be conducted to build an effective control mechanism. In this paper, a human material handler is considered, and an assessment of part flow complexity affected by human tasks in a highly automated manufacturing system is presented. For this purpose, a formal model of human task-performing processes is proposed in terms of a part and location(s) of a task. A classification for human material handling tasks is presented based on the proposed model. Furthermore, human errors and the impact of human errors on part flow are considered. Part flow complexity of a manufacturing system from the control perspective is then investigated in terms of the human tasks and errors. A shop floor control example where a human operator performs material handling tasks is provided to illustrate the proposed model.


This study is conducted to measure the value relevance of earnings and cash flows by using the regression-variation approach. Specifically, the objectives of the study are to examine whether the value relevance of accounting earnings information is higher compared to that observed in the cash flow from operations .  The number of sample is 79 companies listed in Jakarta Stock Exchange and during the sample period of 1996 to 2001. The findings indicate that earnings and cash flows from operation are value-relevant. Furthermore the findings show that the value relevance of earnings information is higher than that of cash flows information.


The experiment aims to implement a sustainable system that will allow long - term research to evaluate the productive behavior of vegetables, fruits and trees, as well as to observe issues related to compaction and soil moisture content. Based on agroforestry implantation methodologies, agroforestry systems were adopted to allow a greater scale of production, starting with the implementation of a SAF for the production of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), mango (Mangifera indica L), ipê (Tabebuia chrysotricha) , manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz), banana (Musa spp.), and pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.). Forming a system with lines of alternating lines with lines of other fruit trees, timber species and fertilizers like brachiaria grass (Brachiaria decumbens), crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea L.). Cultures adopted the number of plants / spacing in the respective dimensions: ipê / 1 / 7,5x5, manioc / 1,20x1,20, mango / 1 / 7,5x5, banana / 1 / 7,5x5, beans / 2 / 5x5, pumpkin2 / 5x5. The productive behavior of vegetables: pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.). Are in development phase as well as manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantze); fruits: mango (Mangifera indica L) and banana (Musa spp.) and arboreal: ipê (Tabebuia chrysotricha) need more time to be evaluated due to their long development cycle.


Technology advances in rapid diagnosis and clinical monitoring of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have been made in recent years, greatly benefiting those at risk of HIV infection, those needing care and treatment, and those on antiretroviral (ART) therapy in sub-Saharan Africa. However, resource-limited, geographically remote, and harsh climate regions lack uniform access to these technologies. HIV rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and monitoring tools, such as those for CD4 counts, as well as tests for coinfections, are being developed and have great promise in these settings to aid in patient care. Here we explore the advances in point-of-care (POC) technology in the era where portable devices are bringing the laboratory to the patient. Quality management approaches will be imperative for the successful implementation of POC testing in endemic settings to improve patient care.


Background We estimated the prevalence and clinical impact of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA). The concordance between macromethod and glycopeptide resistance detection (GRD) E tests was determined. In addition, predictors of clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with S. aureus bacteremia (SAB) or pneumonia (SAP) were evaluated. Methods We obtained 229 consecutive S. aureus isolates from all hospitalized patients at two university hospitals located in Busan and Yangsan, Korea. Standard, macromethod, and GRD E tests were performed. Additionally, we reviewed the medical records of all patients. Among the 229 patients, predictors of clinical outcomes were analyzed for 107 patients with SAB and 39 with SAP. Results Among the 229 isolates, 34.5% of S. aureus isolates and 50.7% of methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates exhibited the hVISA phenotype based on the macromethod E test. hVISA was nearly associated with treatment failure in patients with SAB (P=0.054) and was significantly associated with treatment failure in patients with SAP (P=0.014). However, hVISA was not associated with 30-day mortality in patients with SAB or SAP. The concordance between the macromethod and GRD E tests was 84.2%. Conclusions hVISA is quite common in the southeastern part of Korea. hVISA is associated with treatment failure in patients with SAP.


Abstract. A data set containing more than 6 years (February 2009 to present) of radiance spectra for carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) observations has been acquired by the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT, available at http://data.gosat.nies.go.jp/GosatUserInterfaceGateway/guig/GuigPage/open.do ), nicknamed "Ibuki", Thermal And Near infrared Sensor for carbon Observation Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TANSO-FTS). This paper provides updates on the performance of the satellite and TANSO-FTS sensor and describes important changes to the data product, which has recently been made available to users. With these changes the typical accuracy of retrieved column-averaged dry air mole fractions of CO2 and CH4 (XCO2 and XCH4, respectively) are 2 ppm or 0.5 % and 13 ppb or 0.7 %, respectively. Three major anomalies of the satellite system affecting TANSO-FTS are reported: a failure of one of the two solar paddles in May 2014, a switch to the secondary pointing system in January 2015, and most recently a cryocooler shutdown and restart in August 2015. The Level 1A (L1A) (raw interferogram) and the Level 1B (L1B) (radiance spectra) of version V201 described here have long-term uniform quality and provide consistent retrieval accuracy even after the satellite system anomalies. In addition, we discuss the unique observation abilities of GOSAT made possible by an agile pointing mechanism, which allows for optimization of global sampling patterns.


Microassembly systems are a class of representative optomechatronic systems that play a critical role in the fabrication, packaging, and interconnection of hybrid microsystems such as hybrid microelectromechanical systems. Optomechatronic integration is essential to the development of microassembly systems due to the basic importance of microscope optics to microassembly. In this paper, the role of microscope optics in microassembly systems is analyzed. The general architecture of microassembly systems is introduced. Unique properties of microscale optomechatronics that differ from macroscale optomechatronics are summarized. These fundamental differences motivate the definition and discussion of microoptomechatronics. Major methodology issues in optomechatronic design of microassembly systems are introduced using examples. A wavelet-based microscopic image segmentation technique is presented to demonstrate the strength of using the unique properties of microoptomechatronics in microscopic image information processing.


Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have witnessed prevailing success in yielding outstanding images, however, they are burdensome to deploy on resource-constrained devices due to ponderous computational costs and hulking memory usage. Although recent efforts on compressing GANs have acquired remarkable results, they still exist potential model redundancies and can be further compressed. To solve this issue, we propose a novel online multi-granularity distillation (OMGD) scheme to obtain lightweight GANs, which contributes to generating highfidelity images with low computational demands. We offer the first attempt to popularize single-stage online distillation for GAN-oriented compression, where the progressively promoted teacher generator helps to refine the discriminator-free based student generator. Complementary teacher generators and network layers provide comprehensive and multi-granularity concepts to enhance visual fidelity from diverse dimensions. Experimental results on four benchmark datasets demonstrate that OMGD successes to compress 40× MACs and 82.5× parameters on Pix2Pix and CycleGAN, without loss of image quality. It reveals that OMGD provides a feasible solution for the deployment of real-time image translation on resource-constrained devices. Our code and models are made public at: https://github.com/bytedance/OMGD


miR-2861 endorsing osteoblast differentiation through the overexpression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) protein has been recently described. In this study we evaluated: the performance of living construct, composed by human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells (hPDLSCs) and 3D scaffold (EXg), and the behaviour of miR-2861/RUNX2 expression pathway on the osteogenic commitment. Human PDLSCs were seeded with and without EXg scaffold and cultured under basal and osteogenic conditions. Morphological features, adhesiveness and differentiation abilities were analysed using scanning electron and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Time-course of RUNX2, ALP, OPN and miR-2861 were evaluated through RT-PCR analysis. Our results highlighted that the osteogenic differentiation was mostly obvious in the hPDLSCs, grown onto 3D scaffold in presence of osteoinductive medium. Moreover, the overexpression of miR-2861 and RUNX2 in hPDLSCs cultured in presence of EXg under osteogenic and standard conditions was demonstrated. In synthesis, the increased expression of miR-2861/RUNX2 provides new insights regarding miRNA signaling network in the presence of scaffold providing an additional method to evaluate the performance of biomaterial in bone regeneration.


The paper discusses verbal markers of the past tense with a meaning roughly characterizable as 'past and not present' or 'past with no present relevance' in contemporary Russian. This type of past time reference (defined as 'discontinuous') is opposed to standard past markers, which normally do not provide any information about the present domain. Aim of the study was to find and analyse one of the possible realizations of this semantic-functional category in contemporary Russian through particular uses of the imperfective aspect. The analysis has been done on the russian national corpus.


The potential clinical value of sounds and vibrations produced by joints as they move has been studied extensively since 1902 however as of yet no clinically useful device exists. The phonoarthrometer is an experimental prototype diagnostic tool which has the potential to detect joint disorders through interpretation of the sounds produced when the knee joint is moved naturally. The study aims to evaluate the phonoarthrometers' clinical usefulness through its ability to detect osteoarthritis of the human knee joint.
Investigation of the phonoarthrometers' ability to detect osteoarthritis involved taking the prototype device into a clinical environment and using it to test osteoarthritic affected knee joints. A dataset from knee joints defined as normal was also collected for use in the building of the core microstructure database and for use as a comparative control group. The vibration signal of the knee joint was collected via accelerometer sensors placed at the patella and a medial joint line. An electro-goniometer was used to collect the angular data of the knee in motion. All participants were required to complete a set of test protocols designed to gather both loaded and unloaded data from the knee joint. Collected data was then analysed using the phonoarthrometer software.
The phonoarthrometer was able to differentiate an osteoarthritic knee vibration response from a healthy normal knee response. This manifested as a greater level of suppression in the vibration response from the osteoarthritic knee group compared with the normal knee group. Detection between medial and lateral compartment osteoarthritis was possible due to differences in the suppression level of the vibration signal. Determination of the severity of the osteoarthritis in the affected knee was not consistent enough to be conclusive.
The phonoarthrometer in its current state of development would be limited in its usefulness as a diagnostic device. Further improvements to its detection ability are needed to allow the level of detail needed for a clinically useful diagnosis.


Introduction: General anesthesia-related side effects are more common in the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Regional anesthesia techniques should be considered in these patients to reduce the risks. In this study, we aimed to retrospectively review our experience of laparoscopic cholecystectomy with thoracic epidural anesthesia, which we carried out in the COPD group. Materials and Methods: A total of 34 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy operation under thoracic epidural anesthesia in our general surgery clinic between 2014 and 2018 were enrolled in this study. All patients had COPD with American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) III-IV. Results: All patients were successfully operated with low CO2 pneumoperitoneum (10 mmHg) under thoracic epidural anesthesia. Of all patients, 21 (61.8%) of them were male, and 13 (38.2%) of them were female with a mean age of 64 years (range: 52–76). Thirty-one (91.2%) of the patients had ASA III and 3 (8.8%) of them had ASA IV status. Analgesic was needed in 13 (38.2%) patients at the 6th hour and three (8.8%) patients at the 12th hour, while no analgesic was needed in any patients at the 24th hour. The most common complaint in the perioperative period was right shoulder pain by 35.2% (n=12). In addition, nausea occurred in 29.4% (n=10) of the patients; abdominal discomfort, or pain was noted in nine (26.5%) patients. In the per-op period, three (8.8%) patients developed hypotension and two patients (5.9%) bradycardia. In the post-op period, any complain was not observed in 14 (41.2%) patients, while 11 (32.5%) patients had nausea/vomiting, shoulder pain in four (11.8%), and abdominal discomfort was seen in four (11.8%). When preand post-op respiratory function tests were compared, no adverse effect was seen due to thoracic epidural anesthesia. Conclusion: COPD patients who are at a high risk of general anesthesia can be operated under regional anesthesia without experiencing respiratory system complications and with less post-op pain.


Understanding the pile behavior and predicting the load carrying capacity of piles are important topics in foundation design. Experimental model tests have been conducted on single piles and pile groups embedded in silty sands and subjected to cyclic compressive loading. The experimental tests were conducted on smooth mild steel hollow piles with an outer diameter of 42 mm and 2mm wall thickness in a precast concrete cylindrical tank. The model piles have embedment depth-to-diameter ratios (L/d) of 8 and 16. Three configurations of hollow pile viz single piles and pile groups containing two piles and four piles embedded in silty sands were tested, and the results are presented and discussed in this paper. The experimental results of ultimate load carrying capacity have been compared with predicted values obtained by proposed theories.


Structural and stratigraphic relations in the Wasatch Plateau, the Gunnison Plateau, and the northwestern Cedar Hills suggest a new interpretation of the easternmost limit of thrusting during Late Cretaceous foreland deformation in central Utah. Steep to overturned dips in the Upper Cretaceous Indianola Group within this region are interpreted to reflect involvement of foreland basin clastics in thrust-related structures that deformed the flank of the foreland basin. A subhorizontal overlap assemblage of inferred Paleocene age indicates that the post-thrust erosion surface sloped gently eastward into the foreland basin. Northeast-striking, southeast-facing homoclines of Indianola Group strata rest disconformably on Jurassic beds. However, favorable horizons within the Arapien Shale of the Jurassic sequence served as a zone of regional decollement, along which younger formations were detached and transported eastward with respect to underlying autochthonous units. The decollement zone was deformed internally by multiple thrusts and by east-vergent isoclinal folds subsequently complicated by local diapiric modifications. Most exposures of the Indianola Group are thus wholly or partly allochthonous. Folds involving Indianola strata apparently include: (1) fully detached ramp anticlines associated with subsurface thrust faults that underlie the southern Wasatch Mountains, Gunnison Plateau, and Sanpete Va ley; and (2) partly detached frontal anticlines associated with blind thrusts that approach the surface beneath the Sanpete Valley and the western margin of the Wasatch Plateau. Structures inferred locally are consistent with documented patterns of deformation involving foreland clastics elsewhere in the overthrust belt and should influence exploration strategy in central Utah. End_of_Article - Last_Page 592------------


This study of the human growth hormone binding protein (GHBP) was undertaken using several samples of hGH, extractive or recombinant, from different origins. They were labelled in identical conditions and assayed by gel chromatography after incubation with three human sera having different levels of binding activity. For each serum the binding activities of the five recombinant hormones were very close and significantly higher (P less than 0.005) then the binding activities of the 2 extractive hormones. A radioactive peak which appeared in the zone of high molecular weights was more important with extractive than with recombinant hormones (P less than 0.01). This peak increased with the ageing of the tracer and appeared even when the tracer was incubated in the absence of serum. Thus, it is for its main part not related to another binding protein but, more likely, to a polymerization of the hormone. These data point out the importance of accurate technical conditions to have a reproducible assay for GHBP and to interpret the results in studies of growth disturbances.


Some centers in the United States continue to use (periodic) pulsed inotropic therapy in the management of severe congestive heart failure. Although there have been large, randomized, well-designed trials of oral inotropes in chronic heart failure, studies evaluating intravenous agents have been smaller and often of inferior design. Review of available intravenous inotrope studies in chronic congestive heart failure found improved clinical status with treatment. Although studies suggest clinical benefit is achieved at a cost of increased mortality, no study demonstrated a statistically significant difference. Large, randomized studies are needed to define the role of intravenous inotropic therapy in various heart failure groups, establish its safety, and explore its adjunctive use to enhance oral therapy.


A low-profile planar monopole antenna with a shorted parasitic inverted-L wire fed using a microstrip feedline for wireless communications in the wireless local-area network (WLAN) bands is studied. The driven monopole element and shorted parasitic wire can separately control the operating frequencies of two excited resonant modes, which cover the 2.4-, 5.2-, and 5.8-GHz WLAN bands. This antenna design is not only suitable as a monopole antenna but also as a diversity antenna for 2.4-, 5.2-, and 5.8-GHz band operations. The lower mode of the proposed antenna has an impedance bandwidth (2:1 VSWR) of about 188 MHz (2313-2501 MHz), which covers the required bandwidth for 2.4 GHz WLAN band (2400-2484 MHz); on the other band, the upper mode has a bandwidth of about 2843 MHz (3930-6773 MHz) covering the HIPERLAN band (5150-5350 MHz) and 5.8-GHz WLAN band (5725-5852 MHz). For frequencies across the three operating bands, the proposed antenna shows similar monopole-like radiation patterns, and good antenna gain across the operating bands is obtained. Details of the design considerations for the proposed antenna are described, and the experimental results of the antenna performances obtained are presented and discussed.


Abstract A seismic stratigraphic analysis constrained by well and wireline log data has been undertaken on the Paleocene and earliest Eocene succession of the South Buchan Graben (Quadrants 20 and 21), Outer Moray Firth Basin (OMFB). Two principal sequences have been described relating to two regressive/transgressive second-order cycles of relative sea-level change. The Maureen, Andrew, Glamis Tuff and Balmoral sandstone members are expressed as a stacked set of lowstand basin floor fans separated by mudstone intervals representing four cycles of third-order relative sea-level change. The Sele and Balder formations contain both basinal and shelfal packages as an expression of two cycles of third-order relative sea-level change. The Forties Sandstone Member is deposited within highly mounded, levee-confined channels downlapped by a prograding slope succession with well-defined clinoforms and deltaic topsets attributed to the Dornoch and Beauly formations. The individual parasequences of the prograding wedge are related to higher-order eustatic fluctuations with incision and slope fans, attributed to the Cromarty Sandstone Member, deposited during periods of relative sea-level lowstand. It is demonstrated that through the integration of lithostratigraphic, seismic geomorphological and sequence stratigraphic analyses an understanding of depositional environments and the distribution of facies within them can be obtained. The identification of basinal and slope features with reservoir potential, along with an understanding of their chronostratigraphic relationship to sealing facies, play an important role in regional play fairway mapping and risk analysis in this area and beyond. Future prospectivity within mature basins, such as the OMFB, relies on subtle stratigraphic traps typical of lowstand systems tracts, where the main risk is associated with reservoir quality and containment.


The incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer are significantly higher in African-American men when compared to European-American men. We tested the hypothesis that differences in tumor biology contribute to this survival health disparity. Using microarray technology, we obtained gene expression profiles of primary prostate tumors resected from 33 African-American and 36 European-American patients. These tumors were matched on clinical parameters. We also evaluated 18 non-tumor prostate tissues from 7 African-American and 11 European-American patients. The resulting datasets were analyzed for expression differences on the gene and pathway level comparing African-American with European-American patients. Our analysis revealed 162 transcripts to be differentially expressed between African-American and European-American prostate cancer patients at a false discovery rate of 5% or less. Using a disease association analysis, we identified a common relationship of these transcripts with autoimmunity and inflammation. These findings were corroborated on the pathway level with numerous differentially expressed genes clustering in immune response, defense response, antigen presentation, B-cell/T-cell function, cytokine signaling, and inflammatory response pathways. Most commonly, the genes involved in these pathways were more highly expressed in tumors of African-American patients when compared with those of European-American patients. Amongst the immune-specific genes over-expressed by African-American patients was indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenease, HLA-E, and HLA-G. All three of these genes are well-known contributors of immunologic tolerance in tumors. Furthermore, a distinctive interferon signature was identified in the African-American prostate tumors, suggesting the possibility of viral involvement in disease etiology in this African-American population. In conclusion, the gene expression profiles of prostate tumors indicate prominent differences in tumor immunobiology between African-American and European-American men. The profiles portray the existence of a distinct tumor microenvironment in these two patient groups.


LaMnO3-based films were prepared using the chemical solution deposition method. It was found that the films on perovskite oxide single crystal substrates are highly (h00)-oriented when the annealing atmosphere is oxygen or air; however, when the substrate is yttrium-stabilized ZrO2, only the La1-xNaxMnO3 films are highly (h00)-oriented, and other LaMnO3-based films are (110)-oriented. Under a reducing annealing atmosphere, the atmosphere must be wet in order to create a suitable oxygen partial pressure to crystallize the LaMnO3-based films. After annealing under a wet reducing atmosphere the LaMnO3-based films are (110)-oriented when the films are directly deposited on Ni tapes; however, when SrTiO3-buffered Ni tapes are used, the LaMnO3 films are (h00)-oriented, which is suitable for subsequent growth of YBCO. The results suggest that it is possible to tune the orientation of buffer layers using suitable templates, which can widen the selection of buffer layers for coated conductors in the all metallorganic deposition approach.


The extent of market participation among smallholder farmers indicates the level of commercialization of rural production. The marketed surplus reaches the urban consumers and other rural non-producers through market participation by the producing households. During the government management, rice farmers within the Kenya National Irrigation Schemes were compelled to deliver all their output to the National Irrigation Board mills for milling and marketing. Currently farmers market their own rice and make any use decisions with their output, a case that attracted many private traders. The entry of the private sector traders is often regarded as a motivation to a wide number of participants. The objective of the study was to characterize smallholder rice farmers in Ahero Irrigation Scheme, determine the rice marketing outlets and their price differential, determine the factors that influence smallholder farmers' choice of marketing outlets and the extent of market participation. The study was conducted in Ahero irrigation Scheme, in Kisumu County Kenya. Multistage sampling procedure was employed to contact 182 respondents and a semi-structured and pre-tested questionnaire used to collect data from smallholder rice farmers in the scheme through face to face interview. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Multinomial Logit Model and Multiple Regression model. SPSS and STATA computer programs were used to process the data. Among the five marketing outlets, Private Millers handled 39% of rice produce, followed by NIB Millers 30.8%, Brokers 20.9%, Others outlets 7.1% and last was Consumers with 2.2%. It emerged that there was statistically significant price differentials among the various participating marketing outlets. Choice of marketing outlet was significantly influenced by age, gender, years of education, land tenure, contract marketing, regular buyer, market distance, group marketing and market information source. The result indicated that about 89% of rice produced in the scheme was marketed. Eight factors; household size, off farm income, grading, group marketing, source of market information, level of output, extension services accessed and access to credit significantly influenced the extent of rice marketing among the farmers. Based on the results of this study, there is need to harmonize rice prices to benefit all the farmers. Market information and extension services should be timely delivered to farmers to empower them with market opportunities and market demand and more farmer friendly credit institutions be made accessible to farmers to ensure greater depth of outreach in provision of credit.


Based on the previous study showed that most of achievement of Local Area Monitoring which was done by honorary midwife in 2004 and 2005, was below the target. Ten from fifteen honorary midwifes did not do their jobs properly in accordance with a guidance of a midwife at a villages. As result of in depth interview conducting to ten respondents showed that most of them was not satisfied with influencing factors of works satisfaction.
Aim of this research was to know relationship among variables of a job, an incentive, a promotion, supervision, a colleague, and a work condition with work satisfaction of honorary midwife at a village in District of Kudus.
This was an explanatory research using Cross-Sectional approach. Number of sample was 60 persons (as a total population of honorary midwife in District of Kudus). Collecting data used a questionnaire and guidance of Focus Group Discussion. Data was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively.
Result of research shows that most of respondents are satisfied with their job (56,6%), good job (53,3%), sufficient incentive (63,3%), sufficient promotion (41,7%), lack of supervision (55,0%), moderate relationship with colleague (48,3%), and moderate work condition (58,3%). Factors that have a significant relationship work satisfaction of honorary midwife are job (p value = 0,025), incentive (p value = 0,003), promotion (p value = 0,012), supervision (p value = 0,006), and colleague (p value = 0,005).

Sumber Utama : www.mikm.undip.ac.id


The point of departure for the research presented in this paper is that although there is much evidence that a firm's product development often requires resources beyond the boundaries of a single firm, the question of how knowledge resources are accessed and learning takes place in product development is much less understood. For the success of product development, practitioners have devoted much interest to building relationships with other firms that contribute to mutual benefits; scholars too have highlighted the importance of 'collaborative learning', 'innovation networks' (e.g. Hakansson et al. 1999; Gnyawali and Madhavan 2001; Pyka 2002; Powell et al. 2005). To improve product development performance, learning in business networks is not optional, but a compulsory action (Jabar et al. 2010; Moenaert et al. 2000; Narver et al. 2004). Nonetheless, how such learning occurs remains under-researched. Research on network learning includes the work of Beamish and Berdraw (2003) and Nonaka and Toyama (2005), who identify respectively the models of transfer – transformationharvesting and the SECI process – socialisation, externalisation, combination, and internalisation. Other ideas of importance to emerge in the field of learning include 'protectiveness', (Hamel 1991, McEvily et al. 2004; Saunders et al. 2014), whilst the terms exploitation and exploration of learning (March 1991), explain how firms learn either from the refinement and extension of existing competences or from the experimentation with new alternatives. Yet these studies and others in their wake have not been focused on product development management per se and their insights remain unsynthesised in this context such that we still do not know 'how does learning happen in product development networks?' In order to find out the answer, we commenced a cross-industry multiple-case study to explore the empirical practices. The organising framework for this research is addressed through examination of learning in three broad stages of the NPD process, namely, the idea management, product development and launch cycles. In order to meet the challenge of finding appropriate samples in network research (Andersson and Dahlqvist 2001; Hakansson and Johanson 2001), a 'snow-balling' approach was adopted, with the unit of analysis being a completed product development project within a network. In total, three case studies were compiled by 48 in-depth interviews and direct observations in 11 product development business forums, together with archival records and documents. The findings were derived using NVivo analysis of transcripts as well as documentary analysis and allowed the development of a learning framework in product development networks, comprising syndicated, situated, synergised selected modes of learning which occur at and throughout different stages of the NPD process, as summarised in figure 1. The analysis, emergence of terms, their definitions and implications will be the focus of the full paper.


Halal certified animal slaughtering is urgent to implement and develop. The halal of chicken meat is determined by halal control point (HCP) in the production process, production capacity, and selection of slaughtering equipment. Many chicken slaughterings have not been halal certified because their production equipments do not yet support the application of the Halal Assurance System (HAS). The study aimed to analyse HCP in the production process, the techno-economic analysis of small and medium chicken slaughtering to support HAS implementation. The results showed that with the technical aspect of the medium-scale chicken meat production had HCP at the stage of hanging, stunning, and slaughtering, while the small-scale production of chicken meat had HCP at the slaughtering stage and the collection of slaughtered until perfectly death chickens. Economically, medium-scale slaughtering simulation results of capacity increased to 3,000 chickens per day can use shackle conveyor; thus, reducing Cost of Goods Manufactured (COGM) becomes IDR 22,029 and selling price become IDR 28,638 per chicken. Besides that, small scale slaughtering with a simulated capacity increase of 300 chickens per day with the addition of simple shackle to overcome HCP collection of post-slaughtering. This condition caused the COGM to be IDR 22,016 and the selling price is IDR 28,621 per chicken. In general, the choice of chicken slaughtering equipment according to production capacity will help the implementation of HAS to obtain a competitive product efficiently.
Keywords: slaughtering, equipment, chicken, capacity, HCP, Halal Assurance System


In this paper we enumerate and classify the "simplest" pairs (M,G), where M is a closed orientable 3-manifold and G is a trivalent graph embedded in M. To enumerate the pairs we use a variation of Matveev's definition of complexity for 3-manifolds, and we consider only (0, 1, 2)-irreducible pairs, namely pairs (M,G) such that any 2-sphere in M intersecting G transversely in at most two points bounds a ball in M either disjoint from G or intersecting G in an unknotted arc. To classify the pairs, our main tools are geometric invariants defined using hyperbolic geometry. In most cases, the graph complement admits a unique hyperbolic structure with parabolic meridians; this structure was computed and studied using Heard's program ORB and Goodman's program SNAP. We determine all (0, 1, 2)-irreducible pairs up to complexity 5, allowing disconnected graphs but forbidding components without vertices in complexity 5. The result is a list of 129 pairs, of which 123 are hyperbolic with parabolic meridians. For these pairs we give detailed information on hyperbolic invariants including volumes, symmetry groups, and arithmetic invariants. Pictures of all hyperbolic graphs up to complexity 4 are provided. We also include a partial analysis of knots and links. The theoretical framework underlying the paper is twofold, being based on Matveev's theory of spines and on Thurston's idea (later developed by several authors) of constructing hyperbolic structures via triangulations. Many of our results were obtained (or suggested) by computer investigations.


We propose a low-cost serial decoder architecture for low-density parity-check convolutional codes (LDPC-CCs). It has been shown that LDPC-CCs can achieve comparable performance to LDPC block codes with constraint length much less than the block length. The proposed serial decoder architecture for LDPC-CCs uses a single decoding processor. Terminated data frames are sent through the processor iteratively until correctly decoded or a maximum number of iterations is reached. This architecture saves memory consumption and uses a very small number of logic elements, making it especially suitable for strong LDPC-CCs with large code memory. The proposed architecture is realized for a (2048,3,6) regular LDPC-CC on an Altera Stratix FPGA. With a maximum of 100 iterations, the design achieves up to 9-Mb/s throughput using only a very small portion of the field-programmable gate array resources.


This study investigates the impact of municipal waste on the physicochemical parameters of Epe Lagoon. Three stations were chosen where a lot of human activities take place. The samples were collected from surface water at 10cm depth for 12 consecutive months in duplicates between August 2014 – August 2015. pH, dissolve oxygen, conductivity, total dissolve solids, salinity, temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen and the biological oxygen demand were measured. The pH measurement was highest in March with mean value of 7.9±0.17, a rainning month and lowest in October, a dry month with mean value of 6.1±1.21 The mean dissolved oxygen value was 7.17±0.67 mg/l. The annual mean salinity value was 0.08 ppt. The water turbidity was highest in March with mean value of 68.3±3.15 mg/l and lowest in the month of June with mean value of 47 ±1.21 mg/l. The mean nitrate value was 1.31±0.07 ppm. The mean value of alkalinity was 58.34±0.67 mg/l and that of phosphate was 7.52±0.67 mg/l. Conductivity mean values ranged from 76.94 ±5.35 uhoms/cm -1 in the month of November to the highest in the month of June with a value of 94.87 ±1.39 uhoms/cm . In this study BOD mean value was 1.84±0.67 mg/l . Regulatory bodies should spring into action to control the dumping of munincipal waste along the course of the lagoon so as to prevent the extinction of aquatic life in the water boody.


Psychiatric disorders and substance use disorders commonly co-occur and are major public health concerns given the morbidity and mortality associated with them. Globally, cannabis is among the most commonly used drugs, and cannabis use frequently begins in adolescence or emerging adulthood, both important periods of development and periods in which psychiatric symptoms and disorders frequently emerge. Thus, the relationships between cannabis use and mental illnesses are essential for nurses and other healthcare professionals and researchers to explore and understand. This literature review examines the relationships between cannabis use and depression, anxiety, and suicide. It includes a primer on the neurobiology of cannabis effects; an overview on the epidemiological evidence on the associations between cannabis use and depression, anxiety, and suicide; and a discussion of implications for nurses, particularly important given changes in the medical and recreational cannabis legislation in North America. Overall, this review found consistent evidence showing a cross-sectional association between recreational cannabis use and depression, anxiety, and suicide, despite some limitations and conflicts in the literature. In addition, most evidence from longitudinal or case control studies suggested cannabis use preceded the development of depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviors, although the quality of this evidence was mixed. Implications for future research and nursing practice are discussed.


Performances of the Preludes from Cello Suites I, II and III by J. S. Bach were recorded on video-tape across five separate conditions, differing with respect to menmorisation and the presence of a music stand. Fifty "musicians" and thirtysix "non-musicians" were asked to watch and rate one video-taped performance of each Prelude on four performance aspects: overall quality, musical understanding, technical proficiency and communicative ability. Ratings indicated that (1) performing from memory was superior to playing from the score, (2) visibility of the performer influenced audiences' ratings of performances in a favourable direction, (3) the extra time spent preparing for the memorised performances was beneficial and (4) musicians seemed biased in favour of performances without a music stand. Results are discussed in relation to possible implications for musical performance and pedagogy.


IN Rabelais's Tiers livre, published in 1546, Frere Jan counsels Panurge regarding the desirability of his marrying immediately and then copulating with great frequency: Seulement ayez esguard et consyderation de tous jours bien lier et continuer tes coups. Si tu y fays intermission, tu es perdu, paouvret, et t'adviendra ce que advient es nourrisses. Si elles desistent alaicter enfans, elles perdent leur laict. Si continuellement ne exercez ta mentule, elle perdra son laict et ne te servira que de pissotiere.... [] Je t'en advise, mon amy. J'en ay veu l'experience en plusieurs qui ne l'ont peu quand ilz vouloient, car ne l'avoient faict quand le povoient. Aussi par non usaige sont perduz tous privileges, ce disent les clercs. (Rabelais 5:208) The best English translators have been uncertain whether the French word clercs should be made to refer to scholars or (more specifically) to clergymen. Donald Frame translates, "Thus by disuse are lost all privileges, so say the clerics" (Frame 337). Burton Raffel makes the other choice: "And as the scholars say, if you don't use it, you lose it" (Raffel 313). J. M. Cohen skirts the choice by translating very literally (and not very idiomatically in modern English): "Thus by lack of usage, as the clerks say, all privileges are lost" (Cohen 363). M. A. Screech is more definite: "As the law-clerks say: All privileges are lost by non-usage," adding the notation "'Privileges are lost by non-usage' was a legal maxim.'" (Screech, Gargantua 512-13; italics in the text). Jacques LeClercq, by implication, also understands his namesake clercs to refer to lawyers--even more specifically, canon lawyers: "An ancient maxim of cannon [sic!] law tells us that nonusage of full privileges makes them forfeit" (LeClercq 392). Of course, in the early sixteenth century most scholars were, in fact, clergymen of some description, and for many of them the study of both canon law and civil law would have belonged to the preparatory curriculum--as occurred in the case of Rabelais himself. Just what are the status and role of the quoted pronouncement by les clercs, which Jacques LeClercq calls "an ancient maxim" and Burton Raffel has rendered with a version of the modern English proverb "Use it or lose it"? Let us look at the passage as given in the classic translation by the Scotsman Sir Thomas Urquhart, which appeared posthumously in 1693: Friar John says, This is a certain truth I tell thee, Friend, and doubt not of it; for my self have seen the sad experiment thereof in many, who cannot now do what they would, because before they did not what they might have done. Ex desuetudine amittuntur Privilegia. Non-usage oftentimes destroys ones Right, say the learned Doctors of the Law. (Urquhart 2:131; italics in the text). Especially in the Latin form (literally, "From disuse are lost privileges"), the opinion that Urquhart's Friar John attributes to the "Doctors of the Law" is presented as if it will be recognized as a common aphorism. Numerous twentieth-century books of sayings or quotations (including several published in countries where neither English nor French--nor Latin--is widely spoken) designate or categorize the Latin sentence as a legal maxim or simply a maxim--sometimes, even, a proverb. Obviously, "Ex desuetudine amittuntur privilegia" does not appear in Rabelais's original text of 1546. In fact, I cannot discover any occurrence of the Latin sentence prior to Urquhart's interpolation of it in 1693 - or any more recent occurrence, outside the published collections of sayings and a few direct (and usually inaccurate) references to Rabelais. Rabelais had written only "Aussi par non usaige sont perduz tous privileges, ce disent les clercs." A footnote in the standard edition of Rabelais (by Lefranc et al., 1931) calls the French saying an "ancienne maxime de droit canonique" (Rabelais 5:208). In his modern scholarly edition of Le tiers livre, M. …


Objectives: Despite improved knowledge regarding the etiology of ovarian cancer, as well as application of aggressive surgery and chemotherapy, there has been only a modest change in the mortality statistics over the last 30 years. Given these results and the evolution of targeted therapies, there is an increasing need for prognostic and predictive factors to stratify patients for individualized care. Many laboratories have also investigated the specific individual biomarkers correlating them with clinicopathologic characteristics. Unfortunately, the vast majorities of these biomarkers have not proved clinically valuable. In this article, we review published genomic signatures including data generated in our laboratory for their relevance. Methods: Multiple published expression profiling articles were selected for review and discussion. Genomic studies were separated from those with dichotomized survival data and unsupervised analysis to identify discreet subsets of tumors and studies that generated activated pathways. Results: The identification of prognostic and predictive individual biomarkers has been common. Few of these have been validated. Genomic profiles have been obtained that distinguish short- from long-term survivors. The relevance of these studies to the large number of patients within the extremes remains unclear. Unsupervised clustering studies of ovarian cancers have identified potential subsets of tumors that reflect different clinical behavior. These studies will require large numbers of independent samples for validation. Another approach has been to identify genes that correlate with patient survival as a continuous variable. These genes are then placed into biologic context using pathway analysis. These pathways provide potential therapeutic targets, and those patients whose tumors express these targets may be most effectively treated by using inhibitors specific for the pathway. Conclusions: There is a major need for prognostic and predictive biomarkers for ovarian cancer. With the development of new genomic technologies, there is an opportunity to identify gene expression signatures that can be used to stratify patients according to their ultimate survival and response to chemotherapy. Large independent sets and robust statistical techniques will be required to fully exploit this approach.


PDPC has a positive role in enhancing the capacity of emergency management of sudden accidents in the colleges and universities. From the perspective of emergency management construction, this paper conducts effective analysis on factors generated by sudden accidents in the colleges and universities, integrates information resources according to the specific situation existing in the sudden accidents correspondingly and constructs on the basis of constitute factors in their emergency plans. It makes the means and methods of emergency have strong comprehensiveness, be able to build an emergency mechanism with diversified construction idea and thus to meet the practical needs of emergency management of sudden accidents in the colleges and universities. During the research and discussion process, this study mainly conducts corresponding research on dynamic processing and analysis process of sudden accidents in the colleges and universities, makes effective construction on decision-making model, thus to make the establishment process of the emergency mechanism more scientific. Besides, in order to get the effective verification on emergency mechanism establishment in the practice process, effective discussion on management methods of emergency mechanism in the practice process also be conducted. Finally, this paper does effective construction on normal management mechanism of sudden accidents in the colleges and universities, public opinions handling mechanism, group decision-making mechanism and other relevant aspects to achieve the ultimate goal of improvement and science in the research process. It is not only the main idea of this research, but also fully embodies the main idea and ultimate goal of the research.


Decoupling uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) is a new architectural paradigm where DL and UL are not constrained to be associated to the same base station (BS). Building upon this paradigm, the goal of the present paper is to provide lower, albeit tight bounds for the ergodic UL capacity of a decoupled cellular network. The analysis is performed for a scenario consisting of a macro BS and a set of small cells (SCs) whose positions are selected randomly according to a Poisson point process of a given spatial density. Based on this analysis simple bounds in closed form expressions are defined. The devised bounds are employed to compare the performance of the decoupled case versus a set of benchmark cases, namely the coupled case, and the situations of having either a single macro BS or only SCs. This comparison provides valuable insights regarding the behavior and performance of such networks, providing simpler expressions for the ergodic UL capacity as a function of the distances to the macro BS and the density of SCs. These expressions constitute a simple guide to the minimum degree of densification that guarantees the Quality of Service (QoS) objectives of the network, thus, providing a valuable tool to the network operator of significant practical and commercial value.


The apparent metabolizable energy (AME), nitrogen corrected apparent metabolizable (AMEn), apparent metabolizability coefficient (AMC) and nitrogen corrected apparent metabolizability coefficient (AMCn) of five feedstuffs were determined. The feedstuffs investigated were: hatchery by-product meal (HM), feather meal (FM), poultry viscera meal (PVM) and two meat and bone meal (MBM 1 and MBM 2) of different origin. The values of AME and AMEn were determined by the total excreta collection method. One hundred and twenty broiler chicks at 21 days old were randomly allotted to six treatments (one basal reference diet and five test diets), with four replications with five birds per experimental unit. The feedstuffs replaced 20% reference diet. The AME values expressed in kcal/kg as-fed basis for feedstuffs HM, FM, PVM, MBM 1 and MBM 2 were: 1.495, 2.774, 2.676, 2.567 and 1.652 and the AMEn values were: 1.301, 2.758, 2.384, 2.307 and 1.488, respectively. According to AME, AMEn and gross energy (GE) values, the AMC and AMCn were calculated for xHM, FM, PVM, MBM 1 and MBM 2 (8,79%), that showed the respective values of 0.09, 55.49, 69.31, 67.71 and 51.14 for AMC and 52.26, 55.18, 61.75, 60.85 and 46.07 for AMCn.


There is an increasing use of spectroscopic techniques, such as high-resolution NMR spectroscopy, to examine variations in cell metabolism and/or structure in response to numerous physical, chemical, and biological agents. In these types of studies, in order to obtain relative quantitative information, a comparison between signal intensities of control samples and treated or exposed ones is often conducted. A possible strategy is to estimate, by an opportune algorithm, a normalisation constant which takes into consideration all cell metabolites in the sample. In this paper, a new normalisation algorithm based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is presented. PRICONA (PRIncipal COmponent Normalisation Algorithm) is advantageous in normalising simultaneously great data sets of spectra, in individuating signals that could have been affected by the agent, and in allowing to measure their quantitative variation. The algorithm was tested by Monte Carlo simulations as well as experimentally.


Background Huntington Disease (HD) is the first neurological disorder for which pre-symptomatic diagnosis could be proposed to persons with risks. And the knowledge of this genetic status, long before the advent of morbid signs, creates a very complex situation, hard to integrate at psychic level for these persons. Various reactions can be observed, both in the event of unfavourable results (anticipating identification to the patient status with social self-exclusion, disease anticipation and its consequences, etc), as the cases of favourable outcome (relief, indifference, depression, identity collapse, etc). Aims We propose to initiate a reflexion about this medical and technical case of genetical prediction, in studying precisely psycho-social implications of diagnosis annoucement, on twenty high-risk subjects asking for HD pre-symptomatic test to the National Reference Centre for Neurogenetic diseases from University Hospital of Angers. We suppose this annoucement, whatever the result, could cause existential and psychological upheaval, to the point that it is possible to determine a premorbid form of disability for theses subjects (social limitations, difficulties to take part in usual family and social roles). Method We are conducting a longitudinal study over three years, during which we evaluate psychological, cognitive and social ressources of theses subjects, before and after genetic test (3 months before the test, 3 months later, then 1 and 2 years after). We have to identify the consequences of diagnosis annoucement on subject identity and psychology, and more particularly with an interest about effects of diagnosis annoucement on life habits and quality. The originality of our study stands on transversal methodology, including both neuro-cognitive and psycho-social evaluating tools, semi-structured clinical interviews and projective tests, to identify psycho-dynamic organisation of these subjects before and after genetic testing. Thus, we would like to determine vulnerable ''psychological profiles'' for which a clinical follow-up appointements should be proposed as part of annoucement protocole. Results/outcome We will present intermediates outcomes of this study, begun in april 2013, as well as new assumptions that they allow us to formulate. More precisely, we will have a look on relations between medical information transmission, subjective developpement of risk, disease representations and temporality inscription for these subjects.