For its thirteenth meeting, the International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics returned to the United States, and was held March 11-14, 2001 at the Broadmoor Hotel in Colorado Springs, Colorado. This conference continues to be the primary gathering for discussion of the science and application of ferroelectric thin films, for industrial and academic researchers and technologists from throughout the world. We are pleased to have had 430 attendees this year and approximately 320 scientific contributions to the technical program, a large number of which are included as papers published in this Proceedings. In addition to the impressive body of both basic and applied work presented on ferroelectric films themselves, research on integration processes and on nonferroelectric materials associated with device structure were core topics of the Symposium, reflecting of course the conference's intent. Substantial contributions were presented on device design, performance and reliability; etching; electrodes and barrier layers; and also on nonferroelectric, intermediate permittivity materials that are currently of great interest to the semiconductor gate oxide community. Novel ferroelectric materials families continue to be developed and explored, as exemplified by the variety of presentations on La-substituted bismuth titanate, (Bi,La)dTi3012. Ferroelectrics for high-frequency tunable devices and characterization of ferroelectrics using scanning probe microscopy were again growth areas for the conference, supplementing the more traditional subjects of piezoelectrics, pyroelectric and optical devices, integrated capacitors, field-effect devices, and perhaps the most active topic, nonvolatile memories. We are indebted to those whose hard work has made the conference possible, particularly Kerry Baugh, UCCS, and her extended conference support team, and to all those who served as tutorial instructors, session chairs, and manuscript reviewers. The more than 15 companies represented in the conference exhibition gave us all a feeling for the excellent health of the field, and we thank them for their participation and support. We wish to congratulate again the recipients of this year's Achievement Awards for their superb


The current paper evaluates the restructuring measures implemented in the post-crisis Korean economy. Its policies taken after the economic crisis were quite successful in terms of economic recovery. The financial and corporate sector reforms undertaken by the Korean government contributed to strengthening the banking and corporate sectors, attracting FDI inflows. However, most indicators show worsening of income inequalities and workers. situation regarding job security. The strengths as well as the weaknesses of the development strategy of Korea and its reform measures undertaken since the occurrence of the economic crisis need to be differentiated. Journal of Economic Literature Classification: G18, O53 The Restructuring in the Post-crisis Korean Economy


Presents a critical review of the role of laboratory experiments in information systems research. In an attempt to highlight the issues raised by laboratory experiments, presents a thought experiment of such an experiment. The thought experiment indicates the problem of distinguishing between that which is done to complete the task and that which is done to complete the requirements of the experiment. Further develops an understanding of this problem by presenting the work of Heidegger, Merleau‐Ponty and others. From this discussion, shows that people develop styles for coping in the world that do not allow them to "break up" the world into discrete objects, events, persons, and so forth. Based on this discussion, argues that it is impossible for the observer as well as the observed to know whether their style of coping in the experiment is a style of coping with the world or a style of coping with the requirements and constraints of the experiment. From this discussion, concludes that most laboratory experiments in information systems research have neither internal nor external validity. As such, they should be actively discouraged.


The effect of time on nanopore structures formed via electrochemical anodization of high purity Al2O3 was investigated. The electrochemical bath consists of 5 % phosphoric acid electrolyte; a platinum electrode was used as the cathode electrode, and TLC (thin layer chromatography) aluminium film as anode electrode. It is found that the regularity of nanopores arrangement can be significantly improved by increasing anodizing time at constant temperature and voltage. It is observed after the anodizing process, that at every interval of time there is a significant decrease in wall thickness from 58-26nm and increase in the nanopore diameter size about 31-86 nm. According to Nielsch, self-ordering of porous alumina requires a porosity of 10 % independently of anodizing conditions. It means that the most optimum anodizing conditions always results in a porosity of 10 %. The result optimized at 30 min is well matched with 10 % porosity. The morphology and phase composition were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). The nanopores thin film images obtained by FESEM are used for image analysis using MATLAB software and porosity and nanowall thickness results are compared with experimental and automated methods, which demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method. Copyright © 2016 VBRI Press.


Two‐level data, in which level‐1 units or individuals are nested within level‐2 units or clusters, are very common in natural populations. However, very few multilevel analyses are conducted for data with imperfect detection of individuals. Multilevel analyses are important to quantify the variability at each level of the data. In this study, we present two‐level analyses for estimating demographic parameters from data with imperfect detection of individuals and with a source of individual variability that is nested within a source of cluster variability. This method allows separating and quantifying the phenotypic plasticity or facultative behavioural responses from the evolutionary responses. We illustrate our approach using data from studies of a long‐lived perennially monogamous seabird, the Cory's shearwater (Calonectris diomedea) and a patchy population of collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis). We demonstrate the existence of dependence in recapture probability between paired individuals in the Cory's shearwater. In addition, we show that family structure has no influence on parent–offspring resemblance in collared flycatchers dispersal. The new method is implemented in program e‐surge which is freely available from the internet.


Some new definitions based on goal driven are introduced in this paper, such as basic defense tree, goal metric and etc. A counterplanning approach based on these new definitions is presented for the following problems which have not been resolved appropriately in the adversarial planning domains: in the current world state, discovering the latent opportunities and problems by predicting some possible plans of the opponent agent to make a counter plan reasonably in time; and finding out a real important one between the contingency events to deal with properly which come out frequently. The new counterplanning approach can be applied widely in the domains that have adversarial characteristic


The development of an "artificial leaf" that collects energy in the same way as a natural one is one of the great challenges for the use of renewable energy and a sustainable development. To avoid the problem of intermittency in solar energy, it is necessary to design systems that directly capture CO(2) and convert it into liquid solar fuels that can be easily stored. However, to be advantageous over natural leaves, it is necessary that artificial leaves have a higher solar energy-to-chemical fuel conversion efficiency, directly provide fuels that can be used in power-generating devices, and finally be robust and of easy construction, for example, smart, cheap and robust. This review discusses the recent progress in this field, with particular attention to the design and development of 'artificial leaf' devices and some of their critical components. This is a very active research area with different concepts and ideas under investigation, although often the validity of the considered solutions it is still not proven or the many constrains are not fully taken into account, particularly from the perspective of system engineering, which considerably limits some of the investigated solutions. It is also shown how system design should be included, at least at a conceptual level, in the definition of the artificial leaf elements to be investigated (catalysts, electrodes, membranes, sensitizers) and that the main relevant aspects of the cell engineering (mass/charge transport, fluid dynamics, sealing, etc.) should be also considered already at the initial stage because they determine the design and the choice between different options. For this reason, attention has been given to the system-design ideas under development instead of the molecular aspects of the O(2) - or H(2) -evolution catalysts. However, some of the recent advances in these catalysts, and their use in advanced electrodes, are also reported to provide a more complete picture of the field.


Enteroliths were obtained by laparotomy or necropsy of 11 horses, and a collection of smaller concretions was found on pasture. Following analysis by energy-dispersion x-ray analysis and x-ray diffraction, they were found to consist primarily of ammonium magnesium phosphate. Several minor elements were detected, including titanium in some concretions. From a farm with a history of enterolith obstructions, the well water contained a high proportion of magnesium in relation to the other cations.


. The beta-binomial distribution is resulted when the probability of success per trial in the binomial distribution varies in successive trials and the mixing distribution is from the beta family. For experiments with binary outcomes, often it may happen that observations exhibit some extra binomial variation and occur in clusters. In such experiments the beta-binomial distribution can generally provide an adequate fit to the data. Here, we introduce an alternative when the mixing distribution is assumed to be from the log-Lindley family. The properties of this new model are explored and it is shown that similar to the beta-binomial distribution, the log-Lindley binomial distribution can also be applied in modeling clustered binary outcomes. An example with real experimental data from a developmental toxicity experiment is utilized to provide further illustration.


Gene knockout and transgenic mice are important tools that are widely used to dissect the mammalian hosts' responses to microbial invasion. A novel alternative is to engineer the pathogen itself to secrete host factors that stimulate or suppress specific immune defense mechanisms. Herein, we have described and validated an approach to facilitate the production and export of ectopic host proteins, from the most prevalent human fungal pathogen, Candida albicans. Our strategy utilized a prepropeptide from the C. albicans secreted aspartic proteinase, Sap2p. The prepeptide facilitates entry of Sap2p into the secretory pathway, while the propeptide maintains the protease as an inactive precursor, until proteolytic cleavage in the Golgi apparatus releases the mature protein. The Sap2p prepropeptide coding sequence was linked to that of two mammalian calcium-binding proteins, S100A8 and S100A9, which are associated with symptomatic vaginal candidiasis. The resulting expression constructs were then introduced into C. albicans. While the S100A8 protein is secreted into the growth medium intact, the S100A9 protein is apparently degraded during transit. Nonetheless, culture supernatants from both S100A8 and S100A9 expressing C. albicans strains acted as potent chemoattractants for a macrophage-like cell line and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Thus, the pathogen-derived mammalian proteins possessed the expected biological activity.


Patterns of cutaneous metastasis were studied in 724 patients in whom there was histopathologic confirmation of both the primary tumor and the secondary deposit in skin. The most frequent primary tumors in men were carcinoma of the lung (24%), carcinoma of the large intestine (19%), melanoma (13%), and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (12%). The most common primary tumors in women were carcinoma of the breast (69%), carcinoma of the large intestine (9%), melanoma (5%), and carcinoma of the ovary (4%). Metastatic lesions were infrequent on the skin of the lower extremities and common on the anterior part of the trunk. They were recognized before the primary tumor relatively often in carcinoma of the lung and kidney, and rarely in carcinoma of the breast and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.


In this paper, we present a new asymptotically normal test for out-of-sample evaluation in nested models. Our approach is a simple modification of a traditional encompassing test that is commonly known as Clark and West test (CW). The key point of our strategy is to introduce an independent random variable that prevents the traditional CW test from becoming degenerate under the null hypothesis of equal predictive ability. Using the approach developed by West (1996), we show that in our test, the impact of parameter estimation uncertainty vanishes asymptotically. Using a variety of Monte Carlo simulations in iterated multi-step-ahead forecasts, we evaluated our test and CW in terms of size and power. These simulations reveal that our approach is reasonably well-sized, even at long horizons when CW may present severe size distortions. In terms of power, results were mixed but CW has an edge over our approach. Finally, we illustrate the use of our test with an empirical application in the context of the commodity currencies literature.


"This study explores the short-run and long-run relationships between the U.S. agricultural trade balance and domestic macroeconomic aggregates and agricultural variables. We use cointegration analysis and a vector error-correction model with quarterly data for 1981-2003. The results show that, in the long run, the exchange rate, agricultural price, and disposable income are weakly exogenous in the U.S. agricultural sector and have significant effects on the trade balance. The combined short-run dynamic effects of the exchange rate, agricultural price and production, and the disposable income jointly explain changes in the trade balance." Copyright (c) 2008 Canadian Agricultural Economics Society.


This study examines the influences of core product quality, service quality, social network quality, and event satisfaction on participant engagement using the conceptual framework of consumer experience quality and customer engagement theory in sport. The study surveyed 452 runners aft er they finished the Ako City Marathon. We divided the core product quality into event characteristics and physical changes and service quality into event staff and service environments. Participant engagement included prosocial behavior, management cooperation, and behavioral loyalty. The results revealed that event characteristics in core product quality and service environment in service quality positively influenced event satisfaction. Additionally, social network quality positively influenced prosocial behavior, management cooperation, and behavioral loyalty. Finally, event characteristics and service environments had a significant indirect effect on behavioral loyalty through event satisfaction.


In recent years, cementless stems have dominated the North American market. There are several categories of cementless stems, but in the past 20 years, the two most popular designs in the United States have been the extensively coated cylindrical cobalt-chrome (CoCr) stem and the proximally coated tapered titanium stem, which in recent years has become the most common. The 10 year survival for both stem types has been over 95% with a distinction made on factors other than stem survival, including thigh pain, stress shielding, complications of insertion, and ease of revision. Conventional wisdom holds that proximally coated titanium stems have less stress shielding, less thigh pain, and a higher quality clinical result. Recent studies, however, including randomised clinical trials have found that the incidence of thigh pain and clinical result is essentially equivalent between the stem types, however, there is a modest advantage in terms of stress shielding for a tapered titanium stem over an extensively coated CoCr stem. One study utilising pain drawings did establish that if a CoCr cylindrical stem was utilised, superior clinical results in terms of pain score and pain drawings were obtained with a fully coated versus a proximally coated stem. In spite of the lack of a clinically proven advantage in randomised trials, tapered titanium stems have been favored because of the occasional occurrence of substantial stress shielding, the increased clinical observation of thigh pain severe enough to warrant surgical intervention, ease of use of shorter tapered stems that involves removal of less trochanteric bone and less risk of fracture both at the trochanter and the diaphysis due to the shorter, and greater ease of insertion through more limited approaches, especially anterior approaches. When tapered stems are utilised, there may be an advantage to a more rectangular stem-cross section in patients with type C bone. In spite of the numerous clinical advantages of tapered titanium stems, there still remains a role for more extensively coated cylindrical stems in patients that have had prior surgery of the proximal femur, particularly for a hip fracture, which makes proximal fixation, ingrowth, and immediate mechanical stability difficult to assure consistently. Cement fixation should also be considered in these cases. While the market place and the clinical evidence strongly support routine use of tapered titanium proximally coated relatively short stems with angled rather than straight proximal lateral geometry in the vast majority of cases, there still remains a role for more extensively coated cylindrical and for specific indications.


In this paper the authors describe two different cases of CP negation in Sicilian dialects. The first element is a left periphery adverb that is derived from a grammaticalized negative cleft. The second one is a negative head that is lexicalized when a higher functional projection is activated. While the two items display a set of relevant differences, it is argued that they exemplify two possible cases of syntactic parasitism. The term is used to indicate that either the position of the parasitic element is "borrowed" from another type of category (in the present case it is Focus) or the presence of a given head (a negative morpheme in this case) is licensed by the presence of a different item in a proximate structural position. The existence of similar phenomena is potentially very interesting for the theoretical definition of the syntactic architecture and its economy and design principles.


Background: Numerous medicinal plants have been explored as therapy for hyperlipidemia which could be induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Aims and Objectives: The ameliorative effects of Moringa oleifera oil and Nigella sativa oil and their safety on diet-induced hyperlipidemic Wistar rats were examined. Materials and Methods: Thirty Wistar rats were distributed into six groups of five each. Group 1 was the control group while the other groups were fed with HFD. Groups 3–6 were treated using 1 ml/kg BW of M. oleifera oil, 0.5 ml/kg BW M. oleifera oil, 1 ml/kg BW N. sativa oil, and 0.5 ml/kg BW N. sativa oil, respectively, for 10 days. The plasma total and tissue cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentrations as well as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferases (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were analyzed. Results: M. oleifera oil and N. sativa oil (1 ml/kg BW and 0.5 ml/kg BW) showed significant reduction at (P < 0.05) in total plasma cholesterol and lipid levels compared to the control group but had no significant effects on the activities of AST, ALT, and ALP. Conclusion: The study proved that M. oleifera and N. sativa oil ameliorate diet-induced hyperlipidemia in Wistar rats by reducing plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, and increasing HDL levels and show no adverse effects on the activities of the liver enzymes.


Buildings account for around 40 percent of the primary energy consumption in Europe and in the United States. They also hold tremendous energy savings potential: 15 to 29 percent by 2020 for the European building stock according to a 2009 study from the European Commission. Verifying and predicting the impact of energy conservation measures in buildings is typically done through energy audits. These audits are costly, time-consuming, and may have high error margins if only limited amounts of data can be collected. The ongoing large-scale roll-out of smart meters and wireless sensor networks in buildings gives us access to unprecedented amounts of data to track energy consumption, environmental factors and building operation. This Thesis explores the possibility of using this data to verify and predict the impact of energy conservation measures, replacing energy audits with analytical software. We look at statistical analysis techniques and optimization algorithms suitable for building two regression models: one that maps environmental (e.g.: outdoor temperature) and operational factors (e.g.: opening hours) to energy consumption in a building, the other that maps building characteristics (e.g.: type of heating system) to regression coefficients obtained from the first model (which are used as energy-efficiency indicators) in a building portfolio. Following guidelines provided in the IPMVP, we then introduce methods for verifying and predicting the savings resulting from the implementation of a conservation measure in a building.


As we approach the 400th anniversary of the official plantation of Ulster, this volume seeks to make an important historiographical contribution to that event. This edited collection, based largely on the proceedings of two conferences, studies the medieval inheritance and the prelude to plantation as well as Scottish settlement in Ulster and its longer-term impact in the post-plantation years.


. The management of data and data resources created by different research activities are heavily influenced by various research philosophies and sampling strategies. Within long-term environmental research (LTER) projects data on flows of individuals, chemical substances and other biotic and abiotic materials are collected by different project partners and institutions. This leads not only to different data bases, but also to incomparable data sets. Therefore, a virtual research environment (VRE) for research projects concerning environmental management should be worked out. The facilities of data sharing, interactive data collaboration and data storage as well as the communication within a project team by metadata are in the focus of a VRE which have to be opti-mised by WEB 2.0 and other collaboration tools. From this background the FOSS application "GeoNetwork – Opensource" (GNOS) is aimed to be used as a central component for data management in a VRE.


This work proposes a two-stage immune algorithm that embeds the compromise programming to perform multi-objective optimal compensator placement. A new problem formulation model that involves fuzzy sets to reflect the imprecise nature of objectives and incorporates multiple planning requirements is presented. The proposed approach finds a set of non-inferior (Pareto) solutions rather than any single aggregated optimal solution. Additionally, this developed approach eliminates the need for any user-definedweight factor to aggregate all objectives. Comparative studies are conducted on an actual system with encouraging results, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


The methods based on the properties of the two-state integrals allow one to calculate the amplitude of singular and the other terms of the Williams' asymptotic expansion. The paper is focused on the use of the Y-integral, whose application is conditioned by the knowledge of the so-called auxiliary solution of the solved problem. On the other hand, the Y-integral can be applied to the analysis of the problems with various geometries, e.g. the analysis of the bi-material notches. The application of the Y-integral can be also extended to the matched asymptotic procedure, which allows one to predict the behavior of the cracked notches or following crack growth near the bi-material interfaces.


This paper introduces PyRobot, an open-source robotics framework for research and benchmarking. PyRobot is a light-weight, high-level interface on top of ROS that provides a consistent set of hardware independent mid-level APIs to control different robots. PyRobot abstracts away details about low-level controllers and inter-process communication, and allows non-robotics researchers (ML, CV researchers) to focus on building high-level AI applications. PyRobot aims to provide a research ecosystem with convenient access to robotics datasets, algorithm implementations and models that can be used to quickly create a state-of-the-art baseline. We believe PyRobot, when paired up with low-cost robot platforms such as LoCoBot, will reduce the entry barrier into robotics, and democratize robotics. PyRobot is open-source, and can be accessed via this https URL.


Abstract: The present paper concerns a Holy League plan in the first half of the seventeenth century by the Papacy seen from the perspective of hitherto lesser known archival sources on political history. In order to give the reader a contrasting perspective, the article also focuses on the self-perception and on the general world view of the Ottomans before and after the seventeenth century, and on what sort of measures were taken to counteract Ottoman stagnation beyond the heyday of its power. The present study not only attempts to highlight certain patterns pertinent to the relations between Islam and the West, but attempts also to document an attempt by the Papacy to unite Europe under Christendom, re-defining the 'other' when a revived rhetoric of the crusades was in vogue in that century.


Wegener granulomatosis (WG) is a life-threatening autoimmune disease of unknown etiology first described in 1936. The classic clinical triad consists of necrotizing granulomatous inflammation of the respiratory tract, necrotizing glomerulonephritis, and systemic vasculitis. Prior to the introduction of modern immunosuppressants, WG was usually fatal due to renal complications. Involvement of the eye and adnexal structures is common, occurring in 29% of patients. Nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) following necrosis of the nasal tissue is seen in 7% of patients, who may seek relief through lacrimal surgery. Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) has been shown to be a safe, effective intervention but failures and complications are more common in this patient group. While conventional teaching recommends an external approach, increasing use of the endonasal approach (EN-DCR), with or without an endoscope, raises the question of whether it can be used safely and successfully in WG. We present 4 cases treated endonasally (cases 1 and 2 using endoscopy by D.S., cases 3 and 4 using direct visualization by P.J.D., customary for each surgeon) and offer further advice on management of this patient group


INTRODUCTION
Congenital atrichia with papular lesions is a rare congenital ectodermic dysplasia.

CASE REPORT
A male child had atrichia of the scalp and eyebrows from birth. The atrichia was associated with epidermic cystic lesions of the scalp. Biopsy showed cystic piler follicles within the derma surrounded with an inflammatory infiltration of multinucleated giant cells.

DISCUSSION
In most reported cases, scalp hair is present at birth and then falls within the first three months of life. Follicular cysts appear later. This syndrome generally occurs sporadically and the mode of inheritance is unknown.


An accurate measurement of HIV incidence is a key for policy makers and HIV program managers directing national HIV response. However, there is no perfect method to measure or estimate the rate at which new HIV infections occur in a population. This review compiles and triangulates longitudinal HIV incidence and prevalence data from published studies and trials, national reports and surveys, and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS estimates from the Spectrum model, focusing on 20 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa with generalized HIV epidemics. Three main points can be taken from this analysis of HIV incidence trends. First, modeled HIV incidence and nationally reported HIV prevalence levels in young females suggest that national HIV incidence has declined since 2000 in all except three countries analyzed (stable estimated HIV trends in Burkina Faso, Burundi, and Uganda), but trial and survey data suggest that in some demographics, HIV incidence remains critically high. Second, all modeled national HIV incidence curves and most empirically observed trends commenced a downward trajectory prior to the introduction of anti-retroviral therapy programs around 2004, suggesting the contribution of other factors, such as HIV prevention programs and natural epidemic dynamics, to this decline. Third, modeled HIV incidence estimates, including the incidence peaks in the past, exhibit much variation between Spectrum model versions and when new data are added, emphasizing the uncertainty of model outputs and the need to use incidence estimates with caution.


It is very important that the rapidly access to the current map-based spatial information in addition to the present written documents in terms of the technical services carried out by local governments in urban areas. Therefore, the Urban Information Systems (UIS) technology is a very efficient decision making tool for urban governments. UIS is a spatial based information system that includes various graphic and attributes data for urban area. This kind of information is required for local governments. In this Study, a UIS design for Denizli Municipal has been carried out. In the design; project planning, selection of software and hardware, database design, data collection, data storage and testing of the system and its application have been done. As a result, Benefit-Cost analysis has been concretely argued.


Background—The prodrug clopidogrel requires intestinal absorption by the efflux pump P-glycoprotein MDR1 (multidrug resistant-1), encoded by the ABCB1 gene. Prior studies suggested that a common and functional genetic variant (C3435T, rs1045642) within ABCB1 influences clopidogrel treatment efficacy; however, existing data are highly inconsistent, because other studies failed to replicate this postulated association. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the association of ABCB1 C3435T genotypes with the antiplatelet efficacy of clopidogrel and the risk of stent thrombosis (ST) in large cohorts of clopidogrel-treated patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods and Results—DNA samples from 1524 clopidogrel-treated patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention were genotyped for ABCB1 C3435T, and ADP-induced platelet aggregation was assessed in whole blood on a Multiplate analyzer. The clinical impact of the genetic variant was investigated by comparison of genotype frequencies in a registry of 66 cases with definite drug-eluting stent ST versus an ST-free control cohort (n 1408). Platelet aggregation values were similar across ABCB1 C3435T genotypes (P 0.73). No significant influence of ABCB1 C3435T genotypes on the occurrence of ST was found when ST case subjects were compared with control subjects (P 0.89). Conclusions—ABCB1 C3435T genotypes did not influence the antiplatelet response to clopidogrel or the risk of ST in clopidogrel-treated patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Routine genotyping of ABCB1 C3435T polymorphisms should not be recommended for risk stratification in clopidogrel-treated patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention who are similar to those evaluated in the present study. (Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2012;5:82-88.)


This article is a case study of The Christian Science Monitor's move to a Web-first publication after the close of its print daily. We focus on three key points in the change process, which we observed through field visits to the newsroom: the first visit occurred before the switch to Web-first, the second visit just a few months afterward, and the third and final visit a few months after the introduction of a new content management system. Our goal was twofold: first, to understand what it meant to these journalists to go through such a change, and second, to understand the impact of the change on journalistic and organizational values.


The rapid growth in the acquisition and use of geospatial data now applies to many disciplines and this unit offers expertise in GIS, map/illustration design, GPS, terrain modelling, air photo interpretation and other areas.


Three transport services are offered by FDDI: asynchronous, synchronous, and isochronous (FDDI-II). In order to support the stringent multimedia (e.g., real-time video and voice) delay and bandwidth requirements the asynchronous transfer service will not suffice. The isochronous and synchronous transport services differ considerably in their implementation, but the differences in the service provided can be made to appear transparent to many multimedia applications. It is shown that synchronous traffic can support a wide range of application requirements efficiently at moderate cost when the connection between source and destination are on the same physical ring. However, isochronous class traffic has advantages, particularly when the network traffic is well behaved (the peak data rate is close to the mean data rate) and when connections traverse multiple rings.<<ETX>>


BACKGROUND
Testing women for urogenital Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is common in sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics. However, women may not be routinely tested for rectal GC/CT. This may lead to missed infections in women reporting anal intercourse (AI).

METHODS
This was a retrospective review of all women who underwent rectal GC/CT testing from August 2012 to June 2013 at an STD clinic in Columbus, Ohio. All women who reported AI in the last year had a rectal swab collected for GC/CT nucleic acid amplification testing (n=331). Using log-binomial regression models, we computed unadjusted and adjusted associations for demographic and behavioral factors associated with rectal GC/CT infection.

RESULTS
Participants (n=331) were 47% African-American, with median age of 29 years. Prevalence of rectal GC was 6%, rectal CT was 13%, and either rectal infection was 19%. Prevalence of urogenital GC and CT was 7% and 13% respectively. Among women with rectal GC, 14% tested negative for urogenital GC. Similarly, 14% of women with rectal CT tested negative for urogenital CT. In unadjusted analyses, there was increased rectal GC prevalence among women reporting sex in the last year with an injection drug user, with a person exchanging sex for drugs or money, with anonymous partners, and while intoxicated/high on alcohol or illicit drugs. After multivariable adjustment, no significant associations persisted, but a trend of increased rectal GC prevalence was observed for women <26 years of age (p=0.06) and those reporting sex while intoxicated/high on alcohol or drugs (p=0.05). For rectal CT, only age <26 years was associated with prevalent infection in unadjusted models; this association strengthened after multivariable adjustment (prevalence ratio: 6.03; 95% confidence interval: 2.29-15.90).

CONCLUSION
Nearly one in five women who reported AI in the last year had rectal GC or CT infection. Urogenital testing alone would have missed 14% of rectal infections. Standardized guidelines would increase rectal GC/CT testing in women and help detect missed infections.


The carboxy terminus of the hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza A viruses contains three cysteine residues which are highly conserved among HA subtypes. It has previously been shown for the H2, H3, and H7 subtypes of HA that these cysteine residues are modified by the covalent attachment of palmitic acid. In order to study the role of the acylated cysteines in the formation of infectious influenza viruses, we introduced mutations into the HA of influenza A/WSN/33 virus (H1 subtype) by reverse-genetics techniques. We found that the cysteine at position 563 of the cytoplasmic tail is required for infectious-particle formation. The cysteine at position 560 can be changed to alanine or tyrosine to yield virus strains that are attenuated in cell cultures. The change from cysteine at position 553 to serine or alanine does not significantly alter the phenotype of the virus. The requirement for a cysteine at position 563 suggests a functional role for palmitylation of the cytoplasmic tail. This interpretation is further supported by experiments in which two or more of the cysteine residues were mutated, eliminating potential palmitylation sites. None of these double or triple mutations resulted in infectious virus. Selection of revertants of the attenuated cysteine-to-tyrosine mutant (mutation at position 560) always resulted in reversion to cysteine rather than to other amino acids. Although our data indicate a biological role for the conserved cysteine residues in the cytoplasmic tail of the HA of influenza viruses, we cannot exclude the possibility that structural constraints in the cytoplasmic tail of the HA--rather than altered palmitylation--are the determining factors for infectious-particle formation.


Chlorophylls absorb and transfer light energy to the photosynthetic system. Consequently, chlorophyll content is strongly related to crop biomass and yield. We isolated a rice spontaneous mutant, lower chlorophyll b 1 (lcb1), from a recombinant inbred line population. Under normal growth conditions, lcb1 plants produced yellow leaves with decreased total chlorophyll and chlorophyll b contents, but normal chlorophyll a content. Photosynthetic and fluorescence parameters differed between wild-type and lcb1 plants. Compared with wild type, lcb1 had a higher electron transfer rate, a lower photochemical quenching coefficient and significantly reduced grain number, biomass and yield. A recessive nuclear gene controlled the mutant trait. Through map-based cloning, we located the LCB1 gene in a 117.4-kb region on the short arm of chromosome 3, close to the centromere, in a region containing 15 predicted candidate genes. None of these genes was directly related to chlorophylls or the chloroplast; therefore, lcb1 may be a mutation of a novel gene. These results will be useful for further research on the molecular mechanisms controlling biogenesis and chloroplast biochemical processes.


The recently discovered rotationally powered pulsar PSR J1640–4631 is the first to have a braking index measured, with high enough precision, that is greater than 3. An inclined magnetic rotator in vacuum or plasma would be subject not only to spin-down but also to an alignment torque. The vacuum model can address the braking index only for an almost orthogonal rotator, which is incompatible with the single-peaked pulse profile. The magnetic dipole model with the corotating plasma predicts braking indices between 3 and 3.25. We find that the braking index of 3.15 is consistent with two different inclination angles, 18.°5 ± 3° and 56° ± 4°. The smaller angle is preferred given that the pulse profile has a single peak and the radio output of the source is weak. We infer the change in the inclination angle to be at the rate −0.°23 per century, three times smaller in absolute value than the rate recently observed for the Crab pulsar.


One important aspect in directing cognitive robots or agents is to formally specify what is expected of them. This is often referred to as goal specification. Temporal logics such as LTL, and CTL* have been used to specify goals of cognitive robots and agents when their actions have deterministic consequences. It has been suggested that in domains where actions have non-deterministic effects, temporal logics may not be able to express many intuitive and useful goals. In this paper we first show that this is indeed true with respect to existing temporal logics such as LTL, CTL*, and π-CTL*. We then propose the language, P-CTL*, which includes the quantifiers, exist a policy and for all policies. We show that this language allows for the specification of richer goals, including many intuitive and useful goals mentioned in the literature which cannot be expressed in existing temporal languages. We generalize our approach of showing the limitations of π-CTL* to develop a framework to compare expressiveness of goal languages.


The primary objective and functions of libraries have not changed due to computerization. Only, the tools and techniques to achieve these objectives with ease and accuracy have. In the present day the focus is on Electronic Information. Thus it is not only acquiring, sources of information but providing access to information and sharing also. With the Internet, WWW and Information explosion, identification and extraction of information resources is an essential function of all libraries and information centers. The Electronic information sources are rapidly growing and with a wide variety in form and content it takes a lot of time to get the required information. There is thus a need to organize and classify this wide spectrum of information. With this as background, the author has created a web page providing information to not only the internal sources at the Central Library, I.I.T Bombay but also links to external electronic information sources in the field Materials Science.


Purpose The aim for the study was to compare intrinsic characteristics of the nine detectors and evaluate their performance in non-equilibrium radiation dosimetry. Methods The intrinsic characteristics of the nine detectors that were evaluated are based on the composition and size of the active volume, operating voltage, initial recombination of the collected charge, temperature, the effective cross section of the detectors. The shortterm stability and collection efficiency has been investigated. The minimum radiation detection sensitivity and detectors leakage current has been measured. The sensitivity to changes in energy spectrum as well as change in incident beam angles were measured an analyzed. Results The short-term stability of the measurements within every detector showed consistency in the measured values with the highest value of the standard deviation of the mean not exceeding 0.5%. Air ion chamber detectors showed minimum sensitivity to change in incident beam angles while diode detectors underestimated measurements up to 16%. Comparing the slope of the tangents for detector's sensitivity curve, diode detectors illustrate more sensitivity to change in photon spectrum than ion chamber detectors. The change in radiation detection sensitivity with increase in dose delivered has been observed for semiconductor detectors with maximum deviation 0.01% for doses between 1 Gy and 10 Gy. Leakage current has been mainly influenced by bias voltage (ion chamber detectors) and room light intensity (diode detectors). With dose per pulse varying from 1.47E−4 to 5.1E−4 Gy/pulse the maximum change in collection efficiency was 1.4% for the air ion chambers up to 8% for liquid filled ion chamber. Conclusion Broad range of measurements performed showed all the detectors susceptible to some limitations and while they are suitable for use in broad scope of applications, careful selection has to be made for particular range of measurements.


Reverse water‐level fluctuations have been widely observed in aquitards or aquifers separated from a pumped confined aquifer (Noordbergum effect) immediately after the initiation of pumping. This same reverse fluctuation has been observed in a fractured crystalline‐rock aquifer at the Coles Hill uranium site in Virginia in which the reverse water‐level response occurs within a pumped fracture and results from an instantaneous strain response to pumping that precedes the pore‐pressure response in observation wells of sufficient distance from the pumped well. This response is referred to as the Mandel‐Cryer effect. The unique aspect of this water level rise during a controlled 24 h pumping test was that the reverse water levels lasted for approximately 100 min and reached a magnitude of nearly 1 cm prior to a typical drawdown response. The duration and magnitude of the response reflects the poromechanical properties of the fractured host rock and hydraulic properties of the pumped fracture. An axisymmetric flow and deformation model were developed using Biot2 in an effort to simulate the observed water‐level response along an assumed 0.5 to 1.0 cm aperture horizontal fracture 176 m from the pumping well and to identify the importance of the poroelastic effect. Results indicate that traditional aquifer‐testing methods that ignore the poromechanical response are not significantly different than results that include the response. However, the poroelastic effect allows for more accurate and efficient parameter calibration.


The nature and causes of variations in the atmospheric electric field as measured at the earth's surface at Durham are investigated. Determinations of the horizontal velocity of travel of variations of periods less than one hour, are made from simultaneous field measurements, using two rotating electrostatic fluxmetera, at two points approximately 100m apart. In fair weather the horizontal speed of the variations is about 1.2 times that of the wind at 10m, suggesting that they are due primarily to the motion of windborne space charges contained in the first 100m of atmosphere. In general the magnitude of the field variations appears to be dependent on the vertical stability of the lower atmosphere. Certain distinctive variations are believed to originate from charged locomotive steam while others appear related to atmospheric convective motion. Measurements in mist and fog support the view that the undulatory nature of the field is due to the horizontal drift of fog of varying thickness or density. Frequently fields below layer clouds show wave-like variations, these are shown to be due to the horizontal motion of cloud layers which contain a periodic spatial distribution of charges. This charge distribution appears to be closely related to visible structural variations in cloud thickness or density. Reasons are given for suggesting that, in stratus cloud, charge is separated by the Wilson process. It is shown that the field disturbances below shower clouds are due mainly to the horizontal drift of the charge system associated with the cloud. Such systems may be complex for appreciable charges appear to exist outside the cloud bounderies. Examples are given of the modification of surface fields by space charges liberated by point discharge processes and it is shown that surface measurements may be critically dependent on the location of the measuring instruments relative to discharging points.


The goal of this article is to present the first results of a study looking forward to propose a model of software development for a physically distributed environment (United States and Brazil). Thus, the objective is to combine empirical and theoretical knowledge in the software development area, aiming to minimize communication problems found in this specific environment. As result, the article proposes the addition of two new phases in the software development process, planning and evaluation, based on Unified Process and the UML language. The purpose is to demonstrate through illustrations and discussions, how these two phases are engaged in the process as a whole and what they represent. Some points open to discussion, which are themes for future researches, are identified, aiming to propose a model of software development for a physically distributed environment. The empirical basis of the study involves the EBusiness Research Center, a partnership of Dell Computers with PUCRS.


ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is a widely used fungicide and antibacterial agent that is also known to be highly effective in inducing bladder tumors in male F344 rats. At present, neither the role of the urinary bladder in the bioactivation of OPP metabolites nor the nature of the molecular target is understood. To address these issues, we investigated the relationship between OPP dosage and macromolecular adduct formation in the urinary bladder of male F344 rats. Male F344 rats were treated with 0, 15, 50, 125, 250, 500, 1000 mg/kg of OPP and its radiocarbon analogue via oral gavage. The dosed rats were euthanized after 24 h, and the proteins were extracted from the liver, kidney, and bladder. The amount of radioactivity associated with the extracted protein was quantified using highly sensitive accelerator mass spectrometry. Protein binding in liver and kidney exhibited a linear or modest curvilinear relationship over the dose range studied. In the urinary bladder, however, a pronounced nonlinear relationship between protein adduct levels and administered dose was observed. The measured protein adduct levels were in agreement with the predicted concentrations of phenylbenzoquinone based on a proposed mechanism involving free phenylhydroquinone autoxidation in the urine. Unlike protein binding, DNA adducts measured from the same bladder samples did not show a significant difference from the control group. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that OPP is an indirect acting carcinogen, and that regenerative hyperplasia due to OPP-metabolite cytotoxicity and/or binding of OPP metabolites to protein targets may play an important role in OPP-induced bladder carcinogenesis.


There are two competing approaches to determining the admissibility of expert testimony, including scientific evidence. Under the traditional, Frye approach, the question is whether the expert is relying on a theory or technique that is generally accepted in the relevant specialty fields. At one time that test was employed by the federal courts as well as 46 states. However, in 1993 in its celebrated Daubert decision, the Supreme Court construed the Federal Rules of Evidence as impliedly overturning Frye. The Court derived a new validation test from the text of Federal Rule 702. As of 2013, only a minority of courts continue to adhere to Frye while a majority of states have embraced some version of the Daubert standard. Although most states have adopted a version of the Daubert test, until recently the California Supreme Court continued to staunchly follow Frye. The California Supreme Court initially adopted the Frye test in 1976. In 1994, the year after the United States Supreme Court rendered Daubert, the California Supreme Court declined the invitation to abandon Frye. However, as more jurisdictions shifted to Daubert, in a growing number of cases advocates urged the California courts to modify their position and incorporate some elements of the Daubert approach into California jurisprudence. In November of 2012, the California Supreme Court handed down its decision in Sargon. Sargon certainly represents a step toward the Daubert approach. In Sargon, the court approvingly cited Daubert as well as the two later cases in the Daubert trilogy, Joiner and Kumho. Moreover, in its opinion the court followed many of the essential teachings of Daubert, Joiner, and Kumho. Most importantly, the substance of the analysis in Sargon is strikingly similar to the Supreme Court's analysis in Joiner. In this light, some commentators are now declaring that California has joined the ranks of the Daubert jurisdictions. The purpose of this article is cautionary; the thesis of this article is that it is premature to proclaim that California is now a Daubert jurisdiction. To begin with, in footnote the Sargon court affirmed its commitment to Frye. Moreover, the facts in Sargon were so extreme that in future cases, attorneys will have a plausible argument for distinguishing Sargon. Finally, in Sargon the court emphasized that it was authorizing trial judges to conduct a carefully circumscribed inquiry. The court stopped well short of tasking trial judges to conduct the sort of probing inquiry that Daubert empowers federal trial judges to conduct under Federal Rule of Evidence 104(a). The California courts may have embarked on a gradual, incremental movement toward Daubert, but California is not there yet.


Agricultural production, especially date palm cultivation, is the major food and income source for people in the Drâa basin in Southern Morocco. However, the semi-arid river basin faces very low rainfalls and has suffered from a continuing drought over the last years. River water, as the principal source for irrigation, has been increasingly substituted by groundwater mining. This has led to an unsustainable downing of the groundwater table, increased salinisation problems, and has posed further constrains on the agricultural production potential. Without targeted water resources management, water available for irrigation will soon be depleted or too saline to be used for most crops. Consequently, farmers will not be able to maintain their production levels, and subsequently lose an important source of family income. The relationship between water use and agricultural production is represented using an integrated hydro-agro-economic simulation model with a spatial water distribution network of inand outflows, balances and constraints. The model results are driven by profit-maximising water use by agricultural producers which are primarily constrained by both water availability and quality. Crop yields are influenced by quantitative irrigation water application deficits and by the salinity of irrigation water. Results show considerable differences depending on whether salinity is incorporated or not. When salinity is considered, yields tend to be much lower despite increased irrigation water needs to enable a reduction of soil salinity through leaching.


The current trend in telecommunications services provisioning is shifting toward global ubiquitous networking and unified service architecture. Given the diversity of access technologies, this global ubiquitous networking cannot be possible without efficient interworking between the different access players. This leads to the necessity of defining, implementing, and deploying common services control architecture, able to support a wide variety of services for users in a variety of roles (consumer, producer, or manager of communication and media). This article defines some issues related to the interworking operation between the satellite and terrestrial domains. It suggests some solutions and discusses their potential.


Mathematical models based on the current understanding of stimulation and inhibition of adenylate cyclase (AC) activity have been developed and used to analyse experimental data [Farndale, Winkler, Martin and Barnes (1992) Biochem. J. 282, 2532] describing the inhibition of human platelet AC by collagen, thrombin and adrenaline. Here it has been demonstrated that neither affinities of receptors specific for adrenaline or thrombin nor the activity of cAMP phosphodiesterase are affected by collagen. Both collagen and thrombin at high doses act as effective inhibitors of AC activity. Inhibition of AC activity by collagen proceeds via two parallel pathways; the same is true for thrombin at moderate concentrations, and the two ligands act independently. The G-protein-dependence of these pathways is distinct from that mediating inhibition of AC activity by adrenaline, i.e. Gi2. Convergence of the inhibitory pathways takes place at the catalytic subunit of AC.


Objectives: While p-synephrine exhibits lipolytic activity, it also has a low oral bioavailability as well as hydrophilic characteristic, so it is difficult for it to penetrate the epidermis if it is made into transdermal preparation. The purpose of this research was to increase the penetration of p-synephrine by preparing it as transfersome gel. Materials and Methods: Three transfersome formulas were prepared—F1, F2, and F3—with the surfactants used at Tween 80, Span 80, and the combination of Tween 80 and Span 80 with a ratio of 1:1, respectively. Results: The results showed that F1 was the best formula, with the highest entrapment efficiency, of 64.058±0.754%, a particle size average of 103.3 nm, polydispersity index 0.269±0.05, and zeta potential of −36.2±0.64 mV, so this formula was employed for the gel formulation. Two gel formulas were then prepared, transfersome gel (GT) and non transfersome gel (GNT). Conclusions: The two gels were evaluated for their physical stability, and GT was found to be more stable than GNT.


Here,
we propose a basic model that could be helpful to foresee the spread of
COVID-2019. We performed linear regression, Multilayer perceptron and Vector
autoregression model for expectation on the COVID-19 kaggle information to
anticipate the epidemiological pattern of the disease and rate of COVID-2019
cases in India. Predicted the possible trends of COVID-19 impacts in India
based on data collected from Kaggle. With the prevailing data about confirmed, recovered
and death across India for over the time duration helps in predicting and
forecasting the near future. For
additional examination or future point of view, case definition and information
assortment must be kept up continuously.


The objective of this study is to examine the potential of off-line biomass monitoring methods for the real-time prediction of viable cell density and viable cell volume in Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures.
This work focuses on the use of Biomass Monitor for the monitoring of biomass. Two dual frequency settings and 2 temperatures were examined. The effects of interferences when the Biomass Monitor probe is present in a bioreactor are also investigated. The feasibility of constructing a prediction model for viable cell density and viable cell volume for in-line use is examined as there is an increased focus on monitoring techniques that adhere to the guidance in the United States Food and Drug Administration's Process Analytical Technology framework.
It was found that interferences to the Biomass Monitor include proximity of the biomass probe to vessel walls, pO2 probe and sparger with the bubbles from aeration having a significant effect on the signal.
The three prediction models were a high cell density suspension serially diluted to a low cell density, real time culture suspension data and combination of the high cell density and real time data.
From the prediction models, capacitance versus viable cell density at the dual frequency of 0.2 and 10 MHz at 30 °C showed best predictions with error of all three models between 0.26 - 0.36 × 106 cells/ml.
All models for viable cell volume were accurate at the lower ranges, with error increasing as the viable cell volume increased. Combination of high cell density suspension and real time data allowed the best cell volume predictions at 37 °C with errors of 1.1 – 1.2 x 109 μm3 ml-1.
Optical density and an automated cell counter were also investigated for the estimation of viable cell density and were found to be not as accurate as the capacitance prediction of viable cell density.


The sandy beaches of Poole Bay in Dorset, UK are eroding, in part due to sea level rise. Allowing this shoreline to retreat is impractical and therefore the beach between Sandbanks and Branksome Dene Chine was improved by a recharge scheme during the winter 2005–2006. The coastal defence strategy envisages further recharge schemes at intervals of approximately 10 years to protect the sea walls, so preventing recession of the sandy cliffs behind them. Four preferred schemes were recommended and used for public consultation. These options were then refined using numerical modelling, making different assumptions about how climate change might affect future wave conditions. This modelling showed that no control structures were necessary along the western part of the study frontage. The study finally recommended five new groynes at the eastern end of Poole Borough's coastline. This scheme, which was completed in May 2009, was more modest than originally envisaged, so reducing its costs and its effects on the amenity value and aesthetics of the beaches. Through appropriate application of a numerical model the final scheme selected provided significant cost savings and additional amenity and aesthetic benefits.


A negative aspect of glyphosate-based management systems is the potential for volunteer glyphosate-resistant (GR) crop plants to impact subsequent crops. Studies were conducted to evaluate density and duration of interference effects of GR soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) on GR cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth and yield. Our study demonstrated that regardless of soybean density and duration of interference, soybean did not affect cotton height at harvest. Season-long interference with a soybean density of 1 plant per row m would be expected to reduce cotton yield 14%. A cotton yield reduction of 0.4 to 1% can be expected with only 1 week of soybean interference at a density of 5.25 plants per row m. Expected yield reductions of 1 to 3, 5 to 6, and 8 to 11% would be observed with soybean interference for 2, 4, and 6 weeks, respectively. Results demonstrate the sensitivity of cotton yield to soybean interference, indicating that soybean can be considered a problematic weed in cotton necessitating early management.


Squalene epoxidase is a therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma arising from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Antifungal drug may help fight cancer The rates of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are increasing with the rising prevalence of obesity and are associated with an increase in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. By studying the mechanism of hepatocellular carcinoma arising in the setting of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Liu et al. discovered a role for squalene epoxidase, a metabolic enzyme involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. Using a combination of human cancer cells and mouse models of disease, the authors examined the pathway by which squalene epoxidase promotes the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and identified terbinafine, a clinically approved antifungal drug, as a potential intervention. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)–induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an emerging malignancy in the developed world; however, mechanisms that contribute to its formation are largely unknown, and targeted therapy is currently not available. Our RNA sequencing analysis of NAFLD-HCC samples revealed squalene epoxidase (SQLE) as the top outlier metabolic gene overexpressed in NAFLD-HCC patients. Hepatocyte-specific Sqle transgenic expression in mice accelerated the development of high-fat, high-cholesterol diet–induced HCC. SQLE exerts its oncogenic effect via its metabolites, cholesteryl ester and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+). Increased SQLE expression promotes the biosynthesis of cholesteryl ester, which induces NAFLD-HCC cell growth. SQLE increased the NADP+/NADPH (reduced form of NADP+) ratio, which triggered a cascade of events involving oxidative stress–induced DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) expression, DNMT3A-mediated epigenetic silencing of PTEN, and activation of AKT-mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin). In human NAFLD-HCC and HCC, SQLE is overexpressed and its expression is associated with poor patient outcomes. Terbinafine, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved antifungal drug targeting SQLE, markedly inhibited SQLE-induced NAFLD-HCC cell growth in NAFLD-HCC and HCC cells and attenuated tumor development in xenograft models and in Sqle transgenic mice. Suppression of tumor growth by terbinafine is associated with decreased cholesteryl ester concentrations, restoration of PTEN expression, and inhibition of AKT-mTOR, consistent with blockade of SQLE function. Collectively, we established SQLE as an oncogene in NAFLD-HCC and propose that repurposing SQLE inhibitors may be a promising approach for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD-HCC.


Cellulitis is a common and sometimes painful bacterial skin infection. Trigonella foenum-graecum extract is traditionally used to cure diseases like cellulitis. Phytochemicals from Trigonella foenumgraecum plant extract can cure Cellulitis. The objective of the study is to identify the phytochemical of Trigonella foenum-graecum capable of curing Cellulitis. Molecular docking method applied using "Biovia Discovery Studio". "The experiment shows that the phytochemical sarginine, carpaine, choline, gentianine and diosgenin failed to deactivate the UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase enzyme of Streptococcus pyogenes for treating Cellulitis.


Michael Gard raises some important issues in his opinion piece on digitised health and physical education (HPE) in the school setting. His piece represents the beginning of a more critical approach to the instrumental and solutionist perspectives that are currently offered on digitised HPE. Few commentators in education, health promotion or sports studies have begun to realise the extent to which digital data surveillance and analytics are now encroaching into many social institutions and settings and the ways in which actors and agencies in the digital knowledge economy are appropriating these data. Identifying what is happening and the implications for the concepts of selfhood, body and social relations, not to mention the more specific issues of privacy and the commercialisation and exploitation of personal data, requires much greater attention than these issues have previously received in the critical social research literature. While Gard has begun to do this in his article, there is much more to discuss. In this response, I present some discussion that seeks to provide a complementary commentary on the broader context in which digitised HPE is developing and manifesting. Whether or not one takes a position that is techno-utopian, dystopian or somewhere in between, I would argue that to fully understand the social, cultural and political resonances of digitised HPE, such contextualising is vital.


As the relationship between tobacco smoking and acne remains unclear, we examined the relationship between cigarette smoking and severe acne in a large cohort of young men. Trained nurses interviewed subjects upon discharge from compulsory military service, regarding family history, habits, and tobacco smoking habits. Data was correlated with severe acne status, as diagnosed and coded by board-certified dermatologists. In total, 27,083 male subjects participated in the study from 1983 to 2003, of which 237 (0.88%) had severe acne, 11,718 (43.27%) were active smokers, and 15,365 (56.73%) were nonsmokers at the time of interviews. Active smokers showed a significantly lower prevalence of severe acne (0.71%) than nonsmokers (1.01%) (P1⁄4 0.0078). An inverse dose-dependent relationship between severe acne prevalence and daily cigarette consumption became significant from 21 cigarettes a day (w and trend test: Po0.0001), odds ratio: 0.2 (95% CI: 0.06–0.63). The study did not aim to establish a temporal correlation, and passive smoking and acne treatments were not measured. Previous in vitro and clinical studies strongly support an association with nicotine. We suggest a trial with topical nicotine treatment for acne to further investigate this association.


There are many decisions made in health that have an ethical dimension, and there is a growing realisation of this by health care professionals and by society. Understanding the factors that influence the processes employed in reaching an ethical decision is likely to be crucial in providing effective patient care. This study explores the communication patterns between health professionals when engaged in ethical decision making, and examines the way in which ethical decision making in health care practice is influenced by three factors- communication processes, professional background (as exhibited by professional values and the role perceptions of health professionals involved), and the context (represented by two specific types of health care settings). Existing literature has tended to focus on one or two aspects considered important in ethical decision making, but not how they are linked together, and may influence each other. A conceptual framework was developed to demonstrate the way in which the four factors affect ethical decision making in health care practice and to articulate the different theoretical perspectives used to explore them. The study used a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodologies to investigate the different aspects, using two in-depth interviews with each participant together with rating scales. The study included an analysis of qualitative interview data, and comparative analysis of responses on particular sets of questions. For the qualitative analysis. Coding Categories were developed from the data and from the literature, for ethical decision making. communication, professional values, and professional roles. The Participants were 12 nurses and 12 doctors (representing two professional health groups), from intensive care and palliative care-two specific contexts in health care where ethical issues arise and ethical decisions are made. Findings from the study indicate differences amongst participants in relation to crucial elements of the ethical decision making process, and a lack of clarity in their perceptions about their roles, values, and effectiveness in communication when decisions of an ethical nature are to be made. Differences due to professional education and socialisation processes, and the context, were of pivotal significance. There were differences between the two professional groups, doctors and nurses, and between members of the two speciality areas, intensive care and palliative care. Nurses and doctors operated at different levels of effectiveness in relation to ethical matters, had difficulty identifying ethical dilemmas, and identified different priorities when ethical decisions were to be made, i here were differences in relation to communication in ideal and actual situations in clinical practice. Nurses and doctors generally found collaboration (postulated to be the highest form of communication) difficult to define, and not often in evidence in their workplaces. Participants gave a variety of responses in relation to the priority of personal and professional values in professional behaviour. They also gave many examples of value conflict, but few examples of effective strategies used to deal with conflict. Most participants had difficulty defining their roles and each other's, and had differing views about doctors' and nurses' roles in decision making. The findings of this study, which are relevant to almost all aspects of patient care, will facilitate a greater understanding of the complex factors which influence ethical decision making by doctors and nurses, and have implications for both practice and theory. Recommendations are made in regard to clinical and generic education, workplace practices and the potential for further research.


Using a facile strategy to prepare multifunctional cotton fabrics with switchable superhydrophobicity–superhydrophilicity, UV-resistance, photo-induced water–oil separation, and self-cleaning properties is an important and urgent issue in the sustainable development of natural fibers. Herein, a new type of surface modified cotton fabric with a polysiloxane–TiO2 hybridized coating (Cot-g-PMAPS/TiO2) was prepared through radiation-induced graft polymerization and sol–gel technology. The hybridized coating was composed of two sub-layers: an inner part consisting of an organic–inorganic hybrid layer to address the issue of self-degradation of TiO2-loaded polymeric materials while simultaneously improving the adhesion of the TiO2 film to its support, and an outer part consisting of nanocrystalline anatase TiO2 to endow the cotton fabric with multifunctionality. The influence of the polysiloxane–TiO2 on the structure and integrated performance of Cot-g-PMAPS/TiO2 was systematically studied. The results showed that the polysiloxane–TiO2 coating improved the UV absorption capacity 5.6-fold compared with that of the untreated cotton fabric. In addition, the retention of the break strength of Cot-g-PMAPS/TiO2 was 95.6% after 192 h of UV irradiation. Since the polysiloxane–TiO2 coating is chemically bound to the cotton fibers, the Cot-g-PMAPS/TiO2 fabric possesses long-term stability, ultra-high durability, and robustness. After 20 commercial or domestic launderings, the UV absorption intensity and WCAs were almost the same as those of the newly fabricated material. The Cot-g-PMAPS/TiO2 also exhibits photo-induced water–oil separation and self-cleaning based on the switchable superhydrophobicity–superhydrophilicity and the photoactivity of TiO2. This study provides an interesting insight into the design of a novel functional material based on a controllable surface structure.


The discounting of future benefits has long been one of the most controversial, and in many ways, unsatisfactory, aspects of benefit -cost analysis. This concern has been heightened by the rise of the environmental movement and, particularly by the debate over sustainable development. The sustainability approach is presented as an alternative to the standard benefit-cost analysis approach to the question of inter-generational equity. Sustainability is in fashion, and, as with all fashionable terms, it has been used in many ways and in support of many different policy agendas. A summary and critique of the literature is given by Ule (1991). I shall interpret sustainability very broadly to encompass two main concerns: (i) The interests of future generations should be given equal weight with our own in making decisions affecting the long term future; (ii) It should not be assumed that capital (that is, technology embodied in produced goods) can be substituted indefinitely to compensate for land (taken broadly to include all the contributions of the natural environment to human welfare, and agricultural production in particular). In this paper, the relationship between the idea of sustainability and the older literature on optimal growth is examined and implications for discounting, income distribution and the treatment of uncertainty are explored.


Driefontein Consolidated Limited has a proud history in the South African gold mining industry dating back to March 1945 with the formation of the West Driefontein Gold Mining Company. The reclamation gold plant at West Driefontein was originally built as a uranium recovery plant in 1970. With the collapse of the uranium oxide yellow cake market, the uranium plant was closed in 1988 and successfully converted into a gold plant, recovering gold from repulped tailings dams1. The West Driefontein Reclaim plant utilized milling, leaching, conventional rotary vacuum filtration and cementation to recover the gold at a rate of 200,000 dry tons per month. The No. 1 tailings dam (at a head grade of 0.8 Au g/t) began to near the end of its life during 1996, and the next slimes dams to be treated, the No. 2 tailings dam (at a lower head grade of 0.56 Au g/t) was found too marginal for reprocessing using the filtration technology. Alternate technologies were investigated, particularly the carbon-in-pulp (CIP) plant based on the Anglo-American Corporation (AAC) pump-cell technology at the Vaal Reefs Exploration and Mining Companyi?½s East gold plant which was operating profitably at lower head grades2. The AAC pump-cell technology is based on the carousel mode of operation2. The suitability of CIP technology for the West Driefontein Reclaim plant was investigated using a pilot plant pump-cell supplied by Kemix. The data gathered were utilized in sizing a full scale AAC pump-cell plant. This plant was motivated, built and commissioned on the 22nd of November 1996. Incorporating 6 eighty cubic metre AAC pump-cells. The West Driefontein Reclaim plant initially treated repulped slimes dam material. A subsequent change of feed material to current arisings (from the main gold plant) occurred in 1997 in order to convert mills for waste rock treatment. Currently the reclaim plant treats a combination of current arisings and waste rock (milled at the reclaim site). The new CIP plant replaced twenty-seven rotary vacuum filters. A comparison between the filters and CIP in terms of operating costs was undertaken, as well as a performance analysis of the CIP plant to determine its flexibility in terms of variation of the throughput, pulp density, gold input, leaching efficiency prior to CIP, and the rate of carbon movement.


Objective: In a three-wave ~6 yrs longitudinal study we investigated if expansion of lateral ventricle (LV) volumes (regarded as a proxy for brain parenchyma loss) predicts performance on a test of response inhibition. Participants and Methods: Anatomical trajectories of left (LH) and right (RH) lateral ventricle volumes across the three study-waves were quantified using the Longitudinal Stream in Freesurfer 5.3 and modelled using a linear mixed-effects (LME) algorithm. All participants (N = 74, mean age 60.7 yrs at inclusion, 48 females) performed the Color-Word Interference Test (CWIT). Response time on the third condition was used as a measure of response inhibition (RI) and divided into three classes (fast, medium and slow). The Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm was used for calculating the relative importance of selected LV volume features from the LME model in predicting RI class. Finally, the two most important extracted features were fed into a 10-fold cross-validation framework, estimating the accuracy, precision and recall of the RI class prediction. Results: Four LME based features were selected to characterize LV volume trajectories: steepness of LV volume change and the LV volume at the time of inclusion, each from the right and left hemisphere. The XGBoost procedure selected the steepness measure from the right and the volume at inclusion from the left hemisphere as the two most important features to predict RI performance. The 10-fold cross validation procedure showed a recall, precision and accuracy score (.40 - .50) that were clearly above chance level. Conclusion: Measures of the LV volume trajectories gave a fairly good prediction of response inhibition performance, confirming the role of LV volume as a biomarker of cognitive function in older adults. Future studies should investigate the value of the lateral ventricle volume trajectories as predictors of cognitive preservation or decline into older age.


More than a century after the birth of the Commonwealth of Australia, the office of prime minister is the apex of the nation's political life. Yet little has been written about the antecedence and evolution of the office of prime minister. This article takes a step towards redressing this neglect by considering how the Westminster-derived model of the prime ministership was conditioned by the nature and form of executive office in the Australian colonies in the second half of the nineteenth century. The experience of the colonial legislatures predisposed against fears of an overweening executive. The constitutional Conventions of the 1890s were dominated by seasoned colonial politicians with benign attitudes towards executive authority. Yet as delegates grappled with the challenge of marrying responsible government to a federal system, the form of executive was debated rather than treated as fait accompli. These deliberations hinted at their expectations for the prime ministership in a federated Australia: the office would be the most powerful and greatest political prize in the new nation. The article concludes by suggesting that the first Commonwealth decade was a transitional period for the prime ministership (with pre-Federation patterns still evident) and identifying the Fisher Government of 1910–13 as heralding a shift to a more modern form of (party-based) executive governance.


Device parameters degradation of nonlinear elements subject to drain and gate voltage stress is examined experimentally. Analysis of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor linearity degradation due to stress is given. Effects on radio frequency (RF) circuit linearity are investigated systematically through a SpectreRF simulation based on measured device data.


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Abstract This paper presents results of shear strength and acoustic velocity (p-wave) measurements performed on: (1) samples containing natural gas hydrate from the Mallik 2L-38 well, Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories; (2) reconstituted Ottawa sand samples containing methane gas hydrate formed in the laboratory; and (3) ice-bearing sands. These measurements show that hydrate increases shear strength and p-wave velocity in natural and reconstituted samples. The proportion of this increase depends on (1) the amount and distribution of hydrate present, (2) differences in sediment properties, and (3) differences in test conditions. Stress-strain curves from the Mallik samples suggest that natural gas hydrate does not cement sediment grains. However, stress-strain curves from the Ottawa sand (containing laboratory-formed gas hydrate) do imply cementation is present. Acoustically, rock physics modeling shows that gas hydrate does not cement grains of natural Mackenzie Delta sediment. Natural gas hydrates are best modeled as part of the sediment frame. This finding is in contrast with direct observations and results of Ottawa sand containing laboratory-formed hydrate, which was found to cement grains (Waite et al. 2004). It therefore appears that the microscopic distribution of gas hydrates in sediment, and hence the effect of gas hydrate on sediment physical properties, differs between natural deposits and laboratory-formed samples. This difference may possibly be caused by the location of water molecules that are available to form hydrate. Models that use laboratory-derived properties to predict behavior of natural gas hydrate must account for these differences.


Background: The treatment for recurrent dislocation of a total hip arthroplasty is surgical using varied techniques and technologies to reduce the chances of re-dislocation and re-revision. The goal of this study is to compare operative techniques to reduce re-dislocation and re-revision in revision hip arthroplasty due to recurrent dislocations. Methods: A retrospective study of revision hip arthroplasties done due to recurrent dislocation prior to 01 January 2014. Electronic physician and provincial health records were used to collect patients' initial and follow-up data. Treatment failure was defined as either aseptic re-revision or re-dislocation without revision. Time to event was considered as the re-revision date or the date of second dislocation when the latter endpoint was used. Results: Of 379 operations, 88 (23.2%) had aseptic repeat revision or recurrent dislocation. Of these: 66 (75.0%) due to dislocation with re-revision; 10 (11.4%) due to dislocation with no re-revision surgery; 5 (5.7%) due to aseptic loosening of components; 3 (3.4%) due to osteolysis; 3 (3.4%) due to pseudotumour; and 1 (1.1%) due to periprosthetic fracture. The following factors increase risk of failure: the use of augmented-liners (lipped, oblique and high-offset liners; HR = 1.68, 95% CI, 1.05–2.69), periprosthetic femur fracture (HR = 2.80, 95% CI, 1.39–8.21) and pelvic discontinuity (HR = 3.69, 95% CI, 1.66–8.21). Femur head sizes 36–40 mm are protective (HR = 0.54, 95% CI, 0.31–0.86). In abductor dysfunction the use of focal constrained liners decreases the risk of failure (HR = 0.13, 95% CI, 0.018–0.973). Conclusions: Larger head sizes and focal constrained liners (abductors dysfunction) should be used and fully constrained liners and augmented-liners should be avoided in a revision hip arthroplasty due to recurrent dislocations.


Abstract
 Project-based learning (PBL) and traditional teaching methods represent two opposing pedagogical philosophies. A PBL Biology lab course was designed and taught concurrently with its traditional counterpart to compare student success. The PBL course investigated the effects of simulated acid rain on the rate of adaptation in two species that differ in complexity and rate of reproduction, Caenorhabditis elegans and Paramecium caudatum. The species with the highest number of survivors at the end of six week's exposure to acid rain was deemed to have adapted best. In two out of three semesters students concluded that P. caudatum responded to acid rain with the greatest rate of adaptation. Student success was compared between both types of courses using four methods of assessment: student academic performance, retention rate, transfer rate to four-year institutions, and participation points. The results of two methods of assessment out of four were statistically significantly higher in the PBL courses. Considering that the other two methods of assessment did not favor traditional pedagogy, but produced comparable student success in the traditional and PBL courses, it can be concluded that PBL pedagogy is a highly desirable alternative to traditional teaching methods in biology courses at the community college level.


This paper is part of a series of research dedicated to specific issues uncovered in sports-for-peace programs. Other research has focused on cross-cultural issues, for example. In this research project, the authors were interested in how to encourage the inclusion and promotion of women in all sports around the world. The authors sought to discover who encouraged the women to play competitive sports, how long they had been playing sports, the barriers they encountered when playing competitive sports, and how they felt about identifying as sportswomen at the higher levels of competition. The authors used an on-line anonymous survey instrument and asked Division I college volleyball coaches to forward the link to their teams for voluntary participation in the study. While the authors review the literature as well as the recent history of many competitive sports for women, volleyball was chosen as the focus for the on-line survey because it is one of the most common sports women can play in college at the very competitive Division 1 level in the U.S. The survey questions were both demographic and open-ended in nature. The authors surveyed 149 women who played college-level sports. Narrative analysis was used to understand the themes presented in the open-ended question data. The authors propose that family dynamics, availability of sports programs, and gendered discourses have a combined effect on women's orientation to particular sports, the women's long term dedication to the sport, and at the competitive level at which they play. These findings should be considered before inviting women into sports-for-peace programs. The findings have global implications for inclusion and promotion of women in sporting activities. This research will be of interest to coaches, sportswomen, peace educators, gender educators, as well as practitioners who run international sports-for-peace programs.


Farm mechanization as one of the basic elements of development is considered among the objectives of Arabic integration. This integration has its economic, social and political aspects. The current study focused its aim at analyzing and extraction the effects of the Arabic integration in manufacturing farm machines. The study applied the extraction approach depending on the published data The following results were concluded from the study: 1. Current basis of manufacturing agricultural machines and implement are, Motet size, satisfaction market needs, percentage of local component, feeding industries and technical expertise. 2. Incentives due to establishing Arabic manufacturing of agric. machines and - implement are: Effect of mechanization on the increase of production, income, chances of employment, reducing costs and feasibility of investment agric. mechanization 3. Obstacles that hinder the growth of Arabic integration in manufacturing machines and implements social obstacles, high prices of C1.0111 services, small size of farm, unbalanced demand and supply, seasonality of demand, limited exploitation of capacity of machines, negative effects of farm mechanization on family labor force, weakness of Arabic base of production, weakness of integration relation and productive sector, absence of coordination in economic policies, financial obstacles and weakness of import policies. 4. Towards establishing an farm machinery industry in Egypt and Arab world, Necessity to market studies, development of small industries, maintaining Arabic coordination to benefit of accumulated experience, implementing the capabilities of Arab organization of industrialization, showing the Arabic economic aggregation, rural development and setup developed financial policies.


Everyday Speech "Everyday Speech" is a text in oral expression for students in high schools, junior and senior. It is fundamental rather than specialized. It deals with the four factors of successful and pleasing oral communication-clear thinking or having something to express; suitable language; management of the body in relation to speaking; and use of the voice. We cannot deny that the ability to speak well in conversation, to talk well on the telephone, to tell a good story without spoiling it, or to stand up for one's ideas in a conference is a great asset to anyone. If exercised with proper respect for the similar rights of other persons, marks a welcome contribution to society. It enables an individual to have self confidence and helps him be his best. If this is not worthy of school time, what else is? The present volume deals in lively, interesting and practical fashion with the problems of everyday speaking. The purpose of the text is to enlist the pupil in his own improvement and this appears to have been compassed with unusual skill in motivation.


In authentication protocols, anonymity is for privacy, while deniability is for anti-forensics after completion of the protocols. We propose a syntax and security definitions of an anonymous deniable predicate authentication scheme with revocability (rADPA). This new cryptographic primitive is to attain revocation function and strong privacy guarantee with predicate authentication, where a predicate is a boolean function over attributes of participants. We also give a generic construction of our rADPA scheme. Our approach is to build-in the revocable attribute-based encryption scheme proposed by K.Yamada et al. (ESORICS2017) into the anonymous deniable predicate authentication scheme proposed by S.Yamada et al. (PKC2012). Finally, we discuss how our rADPA scheme can be instantiated by employing concrete building blocks in our generic construction.


Amphiphilic poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-b-poly(acrylic acid) (HS-PCL-b-PAA) with a thiol functionality in the PCL terminal has been prepared in a novel synthetic cascade. Initially, living anionic ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of epsilon-caprolactone (epsilon-CL) employing the difunctional initiator, 2-hydroxyethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate, followed by esterification with 2,4-dinitrophenyl- or 4-monomethoxytrityl-protected mercaptoacetic acids (Prot-), provided well-defined PCL macroinitiators capped with protected thiols. The macroinitiators allowed atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of tert-butyl acrylate (tBA) in a controlled fashion by use of NiBr2(PPh3)2 catalyst to produce Prot-PCL-b-PtBA with narrow polydispersities (1.17-1.39). Subsequent mild deprotection protocols provided HS-PCL-b-PAA. Reduction of a gold salt in the presence of this macroligand under thiol-deficient conditions afforded stable, aggregation-free nanoparticles, as evidenced from UV-vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the latter revealed nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 9.0+/-3.1 nm.


Introduction. The classic pharmacopoeia used to attenuate cocaine dependence has proved a poor therapeutic efficacy. Based on this discouraging clinical and therapeutic panorama, since more than a decade, various researchers have developed new therapeutic strategies against cocaine addiction. These new experimental strategies are based on the structural design and synthesis of therapeutic vaccine formulations against cocaine addiction. Objective. To describe the development and therapeutic evaluation of active immunization against cocaine. Method. A bibliographical search was made using PubMed, using as descriptors the words "Cocaine" and "Vaccine." 155 articles were obtained which were used for these review 46 items. Results. At preclinical level, active vaccination generates high levels of antibodies capable of recognizing with high specificity the cocaine present in the bloodstream, which attenuates the behavioral changes induced by different doses of cocaine. Discussion and conclusion. Preclinical and clinical results have reinforced "proof of concept" active therapeutic vaccination to pharmacological control to cocaine use relapse in humans, but gave guidelines to the postulation and justification of synthesizing new models of anti-cocaine vaccines for human use. This experimental pharmacological strategy of "immunoprotective" nature has proven an effective treatment that significantly reduces drug-seeking behaviors, both at pre-clinical levels in the rodent model as well as in humans.


We report observations of field emission from self-catalyzed GaAs nanowires grown on Si (111). The measurements were taken inside a scanning electron microscope chamber with a nano-controlled tungsten tip functioning as anode. Experimental data were analyzed in the framework of the Fowler-Nordheim theory. We demonstrate stable current up to 10−7 A emitted from the tip of single nanowire, with a field enhancement factor β of up to 112 at anode-cathode distance d = 350 nm. A linear dependence of β on the anode-cathode distance was found. We also show that the presence of a Ga catalyst droplet suppresses the emission of current from the nanowire tip. This allowed for the detection of field emission from the nanowire sidewalls, which occurred with a reduced field enhancement factor and stability. This study further extends GaAs technology to vacuum electronics applications.


This thesis examines the role that visual art plays in the formation of the memories of Peru's internal conflict. From 1980 until 2000, Peru endured a period of arm conflict that involved several different political actors including the State, The Shining Path, The Revolutionary Movement Tupac Amaru, various indigenous communities, and the general Peruvian public. After this event subsided, the government formed a Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in order to analyze the past and discover what had happened during this time period. The TRC also issued recommendations for the government to take into consideration in order to prevent a future outbreak of political violence. I examine several case studies of visual art encompassing photography, theatre and film and analyze their representations using the TRC's final recommendations as a frame for analysis. While some of the visualizations constructively work toward achieving the TRC's goals, others contradict these societal reforms. First, I study the photography exhibit Yuyanapaq: para recordar. I then discuss two plays performed by Grupo Cultural Yuyachkani, which include Contraelviento and Antigona. Finally, I conclude by exploring possibilities for further study, and briefly analyze more recent representations, the play La cautiva written by Luis Alberto Leon and the film La teta asustada by Claudia Llosa. I argue that visual art serves as a valuable political tool by providing a space for reconciliation, social justice, and cultural repair in the aftermath of violence that can potentially aid the Peruvian community to prevent future political conflict.


This paper presents cognitive studies and analyses relating to how augmented reality (AR) interacts with human abilities in order to benefit manufacturing and maintenance tasks. A specific set of applications is described in detail, as well as a prototype system and the software library that it is built upon. An integrated view of information flow to support AR is also presented, along with a proposal for an AR media language (ARML) that could provide interoperability between various AR implementations.


This article describes a workshop that was designed and conducted for the benefit of teachers interested in developing their presence experience through body awareness. The workshop activities consisted of the practice of specific physical tasks accompanied by reflections on their impact on the presence experience. An understanding of the workshop dynamics will enable professional educators to: 1) foster presence through body awareness through the use of practical strategies; 2) understand presence as an awareness of the integration of body, thought, and emotions; 3) understand the relationship between increased body awareness and more positive student relationships; and 4) to understand the relationship between increased body awareness and more effective teaching.