birth confirmed the diagnosis and the infant underwent embolization at three months of life without complications. A month after the procedure the aneurismal sac showed 85% reduction in size and a year after it was completely closed. The second case, a 25 year old woman, gravida 1, para 1 was referred to our center for evaluation with polyhydramnios and hydrops at 29 weeks' gestation. The ultrasound examination showed signs of severe heart failure, cerebral ventricular dilatation, hyperechogenic cerebral matter and arteriovenous fistulae. The baby was born through emergency C-section but did not survive. The cases presented here are examples at opposite sides of the spectrum of VGA. The fetal ultrasound may be a useful tool to predict timing of delivery and outcome.


Our research investigated the energy absorption characteristics of chiral auxetic lattices filled cylindrical composite tubes subjected to a uniaxial and lateral quasi-static load. The lattice structures were manufactured using a 3D printing technique. Carbon fiber composite tubes without filler material were initially subjected to uniaxial and lateral quasi-static crushing load. The same types of experiment were then performed on chiral lattices and chiral lattices filled composite tubes. For the different cases, the load–displacements curves were analyzed and the specific energy absorption (SEA) values were compared. The SEA capability for the axial quasi-static crushing of the chiral lattices filled composite tubes decreased in comparison with the hollow composite design. However, the most significant result was that the average SEA value in the case of lateral loading increased dramatically in comparison with the hollow composite configuration.


In this paper, the corrosion phenomenon occurred on the polycrystalline gold substrates has been for the first time observed by in situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) method for adsorption of alkanethiol monolayers, which may be attributed to thiol-induced dissolution of gold during the adsorption process in the presence of oxygen. It is evident from the image of many corrosive defects or holes produced on the surface of gold grains by using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The kinetic equation on corrosion rate of gold dissolved in the organothiol solution has been obtained. The gold corrosion rate at fast stage can be estimated to be 9.2 × 1011 Au atoms cm-2 s-1.


Rationale: Over the past year, the American Thoracic Society (ATS), led by its Environmental Health Policy Committee, has reviewed the most current air quality scientific evidence and has revised their recommendations to 8 µg/m3 and 25 µg/m3 for long- and short-term fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and reaffirmed the recommendation of 60 ppb for ozone to protect the American public from the known adverse health effects of air pollution. The current EPA standards, in contrast, expose the American public to pollution levels that are known to result in significant morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To provide county-level estimates of annual air pollution-related health outcomes across the United States using the most recent federal air quality data, and to support the ATS's recent update to the long-term PM2.5 recommended standard. This study is presented as part of the annual ATS/Marron Institute "Health of the Air" report. Methods: Daily air pollution values were obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Air Quality System for monitored counties in the United States from 2017-2019. Concentration-response functions used in the EPA's regulatory review process were applied to pollution increments corresponding to differences between the rolling 3-year design values and ATS-recommended levels for long-term PM2.5 (8 µg/m3), short-term PM2.5 (25 µg/m3), and ground-level ozone (O3; 60 ppb). Health impacts were estimated at the county level in locations with valid monitoring data. Results: Meeting ATS recommendations throughout the country prevents an estimated 14,650 (95% CI: 8,660 - 22,610) deaths; 2,950 (95% CI: 1,530 - 4,330) lung cancer incidence events; 33,100 (95% CI: 7,300 - 71,000) morbidities, and 39.8 million (95% CI: 14.6 - 63.3 million) impacted days annually (see Table 1). This prevents 11,850 more deaths; 2,580 more lung cancer incidence events; 25,400 more morbidities; and 27.2 million more impacted days than meeting EPA standards alone. Conclusions: Significant health benefits to be gained by U.S. communities that work to meet ATS-recommended air quality standards have now been identified under scenarios meeting the new ATS recommendation for long-term PM2.5 (8 µg/m3). The "Health of the Air" report presents an opportunity for air quality managers to quantify local health burdens and EPA officials to update their standards to reflect the latest science.


Nowadays the aliphatic/aromatic separation by liquid-liquid extraction using ionic liquids (ILs) is an interesting topic in the search of a new class of separation processes for the oil industry. The wide majority of papers published until now has focused in maximizing the IL extractive properties as can be found in a recent review by Canales and Brennecke (2016); in addition, in the recent past, this search was also oriented to find a commitment election between IL extractive and physical properties, with especial focus on reducing the viscosity to limit its impact on mass transfer and pumping (Larriba et al., 2013a). However, the challenge in the development of this new liquid-liquid extraction technology based on ILs is the selective recovery of aromatics from the solvent. Although IL non-volatile character is suggested as a clear advantage for separation purposes, this is truly a limitation in the vapor-liquid separation as was reported in last papers dealing with the vapor-liquid equilibria involving aliphatics, aromatics, and ILs due to the pretty low equilibrium pressures (Navarro et al., 2015). In addition, the thermal stability of ILs is another drawback since scarce species could be used at industrial scale over 473 K (Navarro et al., 2013). Finally, extracted aromatics have not commercial purity and further purification is mandatory before the aromatic/IL separation (Larriba et al., 2013a). In this work, the simulation of three different recovery sections based on vapor-liquid separations was performed to give some remarks that can help to design distillation processes involving large amounts of ionic liquids. Seven ionic liquids among the most promising species proved so far were selected to completely cover the transferability between liquid-liquid and vapor-liquid equilibria (LLE and VLE, respectively). Aspen Plus commercial simulator was used implementing the Non-Random Two Liquids (NRTL) models from the experimental data regressions for the corresponding n-heptane + toluene + ionic liquid ternary systems. Aromatic recoveries and purities for three different process configurations were analysed in order to stablish the impact of the ionic liquid extractive and thermal properties on the design of a suitable recovery section from an industrial point of view.


This article investigates the sulphate resistance of cement mortars when subjected to different exposure conditions. Cement mortars were prepared using ground waste brick (GWB) as a pozzolanic partial replacement for cement at replacement levels of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5, 10%, 12.5 and 15%. Mortar specimens were stored under three different conditions: continuous curing in lime-saturated tab water (TW), continuous exposure to 5% sodium sulphate solution (SS), and continuous exposure to 5% ammonium nitrate solution (AN), at a temperature of 20 ± 3 oC, for 7, 28, 90, and 180 days. Prisms with dimensions of 25×25×285 mm, to determine the expansions of the mortar samples; and another set of prisms with dimensions of 40×40×160 mm, were prepared to calculate the compressive strength of the samples. It was determined that the GWB replacement ratios between 2.5% and 10% decreased the 180 days expansion values. The highest compressive strength values were found for the samples with 10% replacement ratio in the TW, SS, and AN conditions for 180 days. The microstructure of the mortars were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX).


This paper studied the Magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) flow and heat transfer of an electrically conducting non-Newtonian fluid over a rotating disk in the presence of a uniform magnetic field. The steady, laminar and axial-symmetric flow is driven solely by the rotating disk, and the incompressible fluid obeys the inelastic Ostwald de-Waele power-law model. The governing differential equations were reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations by utilizing the generalized Karman similarity transformation. The nonlinear two-point boundary value problem is solved by multi-shooting method. Numerical results show that the magnetic parameter and the power-law index have significant effects on the swirling flow and heat transfer.


An artificial neural network (ANN) model-based approach was developed and applied to estimate values of air temperature and relative humidity in remote mountainous areas. The application site was the mountainous area of the Samaria National Forest canyon (Greece). Seven meteorological stations were established in the area and ANNs were developed to predict air temperature and relative humidity for the five most remote stations of the area using data only from two stations located in the two more easily accessed sites. Measured and model-estimated data were compared in terms of the determination coefficient (R 2 ), the mean absolute error (MAE) and residuals normality. Results showed that R 2 values range from 0.7 to 0.9 for air temperature and from 0.7 to 0.8 for relative humidity whereas MAE values range from 0.9 to 1.8 o C and 5 to 9%, for air temperature and relative humidity, respectively. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that ANNs, when adequately trained, could have a high applicability in estimating meteorological data values in remote mountainous areas with sparse network of meteorological stations, based on a series of relatively limited number of data values from nearby and easily accessed meteorological stations.


SUMMARY: An Adansonian classification of mycobacteria has been done by using 94 characters. Fifty-nine strains of slowly growing mycobacteria were classified into five groups: (1) Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis (2) M. kansasii; (3) M. avium, 16 strains of non-photochromogens from human sources, 6 strains of non-photochromogenic mycobacteria from soil sources, and scotochromogens from human sources (M. aquae); (4) 2 strains of non-photochromogens from human sources; (5) 1 strain of non-photo-chromogen from human source.
The third group seemed to consist of three subgroups: (3, i) non-chromogens from soil sources; (3, ii) Mycobacterium avium and some non-photochromogens, which were inseparable from M. avium; (3, iii) some non-photochromogens from human sources resembling M. avium (but separable from it) and scotochromogens from human sources.
Slowly growing non-photochromogenic mycobacteria from soil sources (subgroup 3, i) were considered to form a new species, M. terrae. A description of this species is given.
Seventy-eight strains of rapidly growing mycobacteria were classified into seven groups: (6) 6 strains of miscellaneous species, Mycobacterium marinum, M. balnei, M. platypoecilus, M. ranae and M. piscium; (7) M. thermoresistibile (sp.nov.); (8) M. phlei; (9) M. aurum (sp.nov.); (10) M. fortuitum and group IV rapid growers; (11) M. parafortuitum; (12) M. smegmatis. These groups seemed to form independent species. Mycobacterium thermoresistibile is a new species capable of growing at 52°. Mycobacterium aurum is a new species consisting of rapidly growing scoto-chromogenic mycobacteria with urease, nicotinamidase and pyrazina-midase and some strains also with acetamidase and allantoinase.


Command shaping creates reference commands that reduce residual vibrations in a flexible system. This thesis examines the use of command shaping for flexible system control in three industrial applications: cam-follower systems, sloshing liquids, and cherrypickers. One common type of command shaping is command smoothing which creates a smooth transition between setpoints. A specific type of command smoothing used in cam-follower systems is the polynomial profile. An alternative technique to reduce vibration in flexible systems is input shaping. In this thesis, input-shaped commands are compared to polynomial profiles for applications requiring both vibration suppression and fast motion. Simulation and experimental results show that input shaping is faster than polynomial profiles and provides a simple approach to suppressing residual vibration.

Secondly, significant experimental contributions have been made in the area of slosh control. The oscillation of liquids in a container can cause liquid spillage or can cause stability issues, especially in space vehicles. In the past, a number of control techniques have been proposed, but only a few recommend the use of input shaping. This thesis describes the use of command shaping to limit slosh. Results are supported by numerical and experimental testing. Input-shaped commands reduce residual slosh amplitude compared to unshaped commands and polynomial profiles. Input-shaped commands can also accommodate uncertainties and changes in the sloshing frequencies.

Lastly, a small-scale cherrypicker was constructed to study the use of input-shaping control on these types of aerial lifts. Cherrypickers have flexible dynamic effects that can cause dangerous and life-threatening situations. To study this class of machines and to provide future students an experimental testbed, several design criteria were established before construction began. The resulting machine achieved most design objectives, including a simple-to-use graphical user interface and accurate state measurements. Robust input-shaping controllers were implemented to limit endpoint vibration. The design of the cherrypicker is discussed and experimental results are reported.


Continuous biomass washout from photobioreactors resulting from the poor flocculation of photofermentative bacteria (PFB) diverts electron flux away from hydrogen production to continuing biosynthesis. This work showed that three key parameters, the substrate concentration, C/N ratio and agitation rate significantly influenced the flocculation behavior of Rhodopseudomonas faecalis RLD-53. Excessive substrate (75 mmol l−1) led an apparent drop in the flocculability, while a proper content of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) at a C/N ratio of 10 : 2 was beneficial to aggregation of R. faecalis RLD-53. Control of the appropriate agitation rate not only enhanced EPS production and aggregation of PFB, but also avoided disruption of PFB aggregation caused by intensive hydrodynamic shear forces generated from excessive agitation. The optimal flocculability (47.67%) of R. faecalis RLD-53 was obtained at a substrate concentration of 50 mmol l−1, C/N ratio of 10 : 2 and agitation rate of 80 rpm. In the entire continuous operation, most PFB aggregates accumulated in the photobioreactor with only 0.55 g of biomass washout, much less than 2.86 g from free cell culture. Consequently, the maximum hydrogen yield of 2.57 mol H2 per mol acetate and production rate of 706 ml l−1 d−1 were obtained by PFB aggregates, as biomass synthesis was greatly reduced. Therefore, aggregation of PFB is a promising strategy to mediate the reductant away from biomass synthesis into hydrogen production in continuous operation.


In its recent judgement of 11 December 2013 the Bonn Regional Court dismissed an action brought by the victims of aerial attack in Kundus ordered by German Colonel Klein on 4 September 2009. The Court did not support the notion of "official misconduct", which would have made the Federal Republic liable. On the occasion, this article offers an analysis of the attack and assesses its lawfulness under International Humanitarian Law. The analysis is largely based on the published findings of a Parliamentary Inquiry Commission on the Kundus incident. It concurs with the Court´s finding that the two hijacked petrol tanker trucks posed indeed legitimate military targets, but it also opposes the Court´s view that all feasible measures for preventing harm to civilians were adopted. This article argues that numerous obligations under International Humanitarian Law were disregarded and that, in fact, an unlawful attack on civilians occurred.


The Metaverse refers to a virtual-physical blended space in which multiple users can concurrently interact with a unified computer-generated environment and other users, which can be regarded as the next significant milestone of the current cyberspace. This article primarily discusses the development and challenges of the Metaverse. We first briefly describe the development of cyberspace and the necessity of technology enablers. Accordingly, our bottom-up approach highlights three critical technology enablers for the Metaverse: networks, systems, and users. Also, we highlight a number of indispensable issues, under technological and ecosystem perspectives, that build and sustain the Metaverse.


While focusing on the protection of distressed sovereigns, the current debate intended to reform the International Financial Architecture has hardly addressed the protection of creditors rights that varies among laws. I suspect however that this constitutes an essential determinant of the success of suggested solutions, especially under the contractual approach. Based on a sample of bonds issued by developing countries states in the period, January 1987 to December 1997, I find that, for given contract characteristics (e.g. listing markets and currency), the governing law is selected according to its ability to enforce repayment. However, although the New York law seems looser and incur larger enforcement costs than the England&Wales law, the former permits equivalent yearly credit amounts. I interpret this as a consequence of the existence of a larger set of valuable assets (e.g. trade) in the US that constitute implicit securities. My findings yield important implications for the reforms. In particular, provided that there exists a seemingly equivalent enforcement credibility between England and New York laws, the prompt implementation of the contractual approach solution should constitute a valuable first step toward efficient sovereign debt markets.


SUMMARY: Accumulation of Cs+ by Chlorella salina was 28-fold greater in cells incubated in the presence than in the absence of 0.5 M-NaCl. An approximate 70% removal of external Cs+ resulted after 15 h incubation of cells with 50 μ;M-CsCl and 0.5 M-NaCl. LiCl also had a stimulatory effect on Cs+ uptake, although mannitol did not. Cs+ influx increased with increasing external NaCl concentration and was maximal between 25-500 mM-NaCl at approximately 4 nmol Cs+ h−1 (106 cells)−1. Little effect on Cs+ uptake resulted from the presence of Mg2+ or Ca2+ or from varying the external pH, and Cs+ was relatively non-toxic towards C. salina. At increasing cell densities (from 4 × 105 to 1 × 107 cells ml+1), decreasing amounts of Cs+ were accumulated per cell although the rate of Cs+ removal from the external medium was still greatest at the higher cell densities examined. Freely suspended C. salina and cell-loaded alginate microbeads accumulated similar levels of Cs+, however, 46% of total Cs+ uptake was attributable to the calcium-alginate matrix in the latter case. When Cs+-loaded cells were subjected to hypoosmotic shock, loss of cellular Cs+ occurred allowing easy Cs+ recovery. This loss exceeded 90% of cellular Cs+ when cells were washed with solutions containing ≤ 50 mM-NaCl between consecutive Cs+ uptake periods; these cells subsequently lost their ability to accumulate large amounts of Cs+. Maximal Cs+ uptake (approximately 85.1% removal after three 15 h incubations) occurred when cells were washed with a solution containing 500 mM-NaCl and 200 mM-KCl between incubations. The relevance of these results to the possible use of C. salina in a salt-dependent biological Cs-removal process is discussed.


Since the invention of stethoscope by Rene Laennec, auscultation has become sine qua non of clinical examination, especially for cardiovascular system. Many clinical signs are named after the first describer, as a tribute to their efforts. So is true for cardiac murmurs. Sir Graham Steell was a British cardiologist who described the high pitched diastolic murmur of pulmonary regurgitation. Diastolic murmur of severe aortic regurgitation is named after American physician, Austin Flint, who actually disapproved eponyms. American physician Richard Clarke Cabot and his colleague Locke described early diastolic murmur of severe anemia, which is thought to be due to high flow in left coronary artery. The name of Carey Coomb, a British cardiologist, is associated with mid-systolic murmur of mitral valvulitis in acute rheumatic fever. Left anterior descending arterial stenosis sometimes produces an early diastolic murmur and it was first described by American physician William Dock. The machinery murmur of patent ductus arteriosus was first described by George Alexander Gibson. Key-Hodgkin murmur is the diastolic murmur of aortic regurgitation, named after Thomas Hodgkin and Charles Ashton Key. French pediatrician Henri Louis Roger described the holosystolic murmur of ventricular septal defect and his name is also associated with Maladie de Roger. Sir George Frederic Still, an English paediatrician, whose name is associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis described the innocent functional murmur mostly heard in children. It was Louis Gallavardin, a French physician, who described the phenomenon of dissociation of musical component and noisy component of aortic stenosis. Though the popularity of such eponyms are on wane due to advent of phonocardiography and ECHO Doppler, one hopes some newer descriptions of murmurs due to changing profile of cardio-vascular diseases will emerge in near future.


Whilst healthcare is one of the biggest service industries on the globe it has yet to realise the full potential of the e-business revolution in the form of e-health. Wickramasinghe et al (2005). The objective of this research is to assess the readiness of the main players of health that is the health practitioners, public, patients and the managers towards e-Health in Nigeria. In this work some selected states (Oyo, Osun, Ogun, Ondo, Lagos and Ekiti) in western Nigeria were chosen as the pilot study area, considering some critical factors of e-Health readiness such as need-change readiness, engagement readiness and structural readiness. The responses were analyzed statistically using descriptive analysis. The analysis was applied to determine the e-Health readiness status of health practitioners, public, patients and the mangers from the western part of Nigeria. The result of the overall evaluation of all samples shows that (i) health managers are not structurally ready, (ii) the public and patient fairly agreed but structural factor will be a constraint and (iii) the healthcare practitioners fairly agreed but structural, social influence, engagement will affect the successful adoption of the invention.


BACKGROUND
We aimed to elucidate the prognostic impact of anemia with special reference to the clinical background of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).

METHODSANDRESULTS
We examined 4,646 consecutive patients with Stage C/D CHF registered in the Chronic Heart Failure Analysis and Registry in the Tohoku District-2 (CHART-2) Study (n=10,219). Among them, 1,627 (35%) had anemia and were characterized by higher age (74 vs. 66 years), lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (52.8 vs. 66.1 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) and higher B-type natriuretic peptide levels (154.5 vs. 81.8 pg/ml) (all P<0.001) but comparable left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF; 57.5 vs. 56.7%). Anemic patients were more frequently treated with diuretics (55.1 vs. 42.3%) but less often treated with β-blockers (45.4 vs. 51.1%) (both P<0.001). During a median follow-up of 3.8 years, 371 and 272 patients died with and without anemia, respectively (22.8 vs. 9.0%, adjusted hazard ratio 1.40; 95% confidence interval 1.15-1.71, P=0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that the prognostic impact of anemia was comparable in terms of age, sex, renal function and double product, but differed by LVEF level and CHF etiology (both, P for interaction <0.001). In particular, a difference in the prognostic impact of LVEF level was noted in patients with ischemic heart disease.

CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that the prognostic impact of anemia is evident in CHF patients with preserved EF and it differs by CHF etiology.


This article presents a critique of the self-styled liberal group that has dominated child welfare policy in recent decades, arguing that the group's policy goals unduly favor parent over child interests, and that its self-serving research fails to provide policy-makers with an understanding of how the group's favored policies put children at risk. The article analyzes the dominant group's problematic approach in the three most significant movements of recent decades -- intensive family preservation services, racial disproportionality, and differential response. It calls on true liberals to reject this group's leadership, to recognize children as one of the ultimate powerless constituencies needing representation, and to fight for policies that will better serve child interests. Finally it calls for a new research culture, enabling truly independent social science to flourish so that it can guide policy makers about the pros and cons of different policy choices in terms that include child interests.


BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic colorectal resection is an index case for advanced skills training, yet many residents struggle to reach proficiency by graduation. Current methods to reduce the learning curve for residents remain expensive, time consuming, and poorly validated. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the addition of a preprocedural instructional video to improve the ability of a general surgery resident to perform laparoscopic right colectomy when compared with standard preparation. DESIGN: This was a single-blinded, randomized control study. SETTINGS: Four university-affiliated teaching hospitals were included in the study. PARTICIPANTS: General surgery residents in postgraduation years 2 through 5 participated. INTERVENTION: Residents were randomly assigned to preparation with a narrated instructional video versus standard preparation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Resident performance, scored by a previously validated global assessment scale, was measured. RESULTS: Fifty-four residents were included. Half (n = 27) were randomly assigned to view the training video and half (n = 27) to standard preparation. There were no differences between groups in terms of training level or previous operative experience or in patient demographics (all p > 0.05). Groups were similar in the percentage of the case completed by residents (p = 0.39) and operative time (p = 0.74). Residents in the video group scored significantly higher in total score (mean: 46.8 vs 42.3; p = 0.002), as well as subsections directly measuring laparoscopic skill (vascular control mean: 11.3 vs 9.7, p < 0.001; mobilization mean: 7.6 vs. 7.0, p = 0.03) and overall performance score (mean: 4.0 vs 3.1; p < 0.001). Statistical significance persisted across training levels. LIMITATIONS: There is potential for Hawthorne effect, and the study is underpowered at the individual postgraduate year level. CONCLUSIONS: The simple addition of a brief, narrated preprocedural video to general surgery resident case preparation significantly increased trainee ability to successfully perform a laparoscopic right colectomy. In an era of shortened hours and less exposure to cases, incorporating a brief but effective instructional video before surgery may improve the learning curve of trainees and ultimately improve safety.


The writings of one of the great woman adventurers of the twentieth century - the 'female Lawrence of Arabia' - and the subject of a new film starring Nicole Kidman. In the last century, few people lived more astounding - or influential - lives than Gertrude Bell. During World War I, she worked her way up from spy to army major to become one of the most powerful woman in the British Empire. After the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, she was instrumental in drawing the borders that define the region today, including creating an independent Iraq. This is the epic story of Bell's life, told through her letters, military dispatches, diary entries, and other writings. It offers a unique and intimate look behind the public mask of a woman who shaped nations. Georgina Howell is the author of the acclaimed biography Gertrude Bell: Queen of the Desert, Shaper of Nations.


The geological archives record "hyperthermic" crises, along with their consequences on the biota and physical environment. Among these, the PETM (Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum) is often considered as the closest analogue to the current climate crisis due to its global character and the speeds at which the CO2 rate and average temperatures increased. The shallow to deep marine environments from various paleolatitudes have been studied intensively (e.g. Aubry et al, 2007), but apart notable paleontological studies, the PETM impact on the terrestrial realm at a regional scale has probably not been studied and integrated enough (Zachos et al,. 2008). Moreover very few studies aimed at checking if the drastic rises of greenhouse gases and temperature had a real impact on the weathering profiles development during the PETM. Such a regional study is proposed in the "Sparnacian" terrestrial and lagoonal units of the Paris Basin, which offers rich and diversified interconnected paleoenvironments, and on its emerged interfluves and borders. The paleoweathering profiles here considered belong to the so-called "Landenian" quartzites, or "Sparnacian" silcretes, and are locally well correlated to the first terrestrial units of the Tienen and Mortemer Fm, between the Upper Thanetian and Lower Ypresian marine units. However some silcretes and ferruginous sandstones are sometimes dated no better than Early Paleogene. To improve the error bar from 25 Ma to 5 Ma would mark a significant progress. Paleomagnetism is one of the methods useful to improve the uncertainty being often the status of those geological objects. Goethite and hematite, main iron oxides formed in weathering profiles, acquire a chemical remanent magnetization (CRM) in the direction of the ambient geomagnetic field. Consequently paleomagnetism is often considered as the most suitable method for dating weathering profiles (e.g. Idnurm & Senior, 1978; Ricordel-Prognon et al, 2010). The fossil geomagnetic direction enables one to calculate the virtual magnetic pole (VMP) of the site where magnetic minerals were precipitated. Dating the minerals is then possible by comparing their recorded paleomagnetic poles (VGP) with the apparent polar wander path (APWP) of the continent in which the site is located. In situ weathering profile formed upon the Upper Thanetian glauconitic sands from the Grandglise section (Belgium) have been sampled in details and various analyses have been performed: granulometry, XRD and magnetic mineralogy, petrography, paleomagnetism. Haematite is the main magnetization carrier, directions are well clustered, with a low MAD (maximum angular deviation). However the dating obtained around the Paleocene-Eocene boundary is consistent with the stratigraphic position of the Grandglise paleosol and gives evidence of a fossil weathering, instead of a recent one related to a Neogene to Quaternary re-exposure often invoked for such red and variegated sandstones. Our results and others recently obtained in the neighboring Avesnois help to decipher the correlation between the Grandglise paleosol and surroundings silcretes and to precise the terrestrial paleogeographic evolution on the emerged areas during this critical interval.


We use the contingent valuation method to estimate participant willingness to pay for agricultural economics extension programming. The data, collected as part of standard evaluation forms for the Ohio State University's 2001 Agricultural Outlook and Policy program series, and subsequent analysis suggest participant benefits exceeded departmental costs of conducting the program (benefit-cost ratios of 1.07 under conservative assumptions and 1.74 under moderate assumptions). We also use the data to explore the revenue generation potential from alternative program pricing and discuss the potential for developing differentiated programs to reach distinct audience segments. Additional research necessary before implementing alternative pricing or program differentiation plans is also discussed.


Purpose The purpose of this study is to test the efficacy of a culturally tailored comprehensive type 2 diabetes management intervention for Korean American immigrants (KAIs) with type 2 diabetes. Methods A randomized controlled pilot trial with 2 parallel arms (intervention vs control) with a delayed intervention design was used. A total of 79 KAIs, recruited from the Baltimore-Washington area, completed baseline, 18-week, and 30-week follow-ups (intervention, n = 40; control, n = 39). All participants had uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (hemoglobin A1C ≥7.5%) at baseline. The authors' comprehensive, self-help intervention program for type 2 diabetes management (SHIP-DM) consisted of a 6-week structured psychobehavioral education, home glucose monitoring with teletransmission, and bilingual nurse telephone counseling for 24 weeks. The primary outcome of the study was A1C level, and secondary outcomes included an array of psychobehavioral variables. Results Using analysis of covariance, the findings support that the proposed intervention was effective in significantly lowering A1C and fasting glucose and also in improving psychosocial outcomes in the sample. Specifically, the amount of reduction in A1C among intervention group participants was 1.19% at 18 weeks and 1.31% at 30 weeks, with 10% and 15.5% of the participants achieving the suggested goal of A1C <7% at 18 and 30 weeks of follow-up, respectively. Conclusions The results highlight the clinical efficacy of the SHIP-DM intervention composed of a 6-week education program, self-monitoring, and follow-up counseling, in terms of maintaining the improved intervention effects obtained and in terms of glucose control.


Purpose. To explore the safety and efficacy of Ruiyun procedure for hemorrhoids (RPH) or RPH with the simplified Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy (sMMH) in the treatment of mixed hemorrhoids. Methods. This is a randomized, controlled, balanced, multicenter study of 3000 patients with mixed hemorrhoids. The outcomes and postoperative complications were compared between 5 types of surgeries. Results. The efficacy rate was the highest in patients who received RPH+sMMH and decreased in the following order: patients who received RPH alone, MMH alone, procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids (PPH) alone, and PPH+sMMH (P < .05). The operation time was the shortest in patients who received RPH alone and increased in the following order: patients who received RPH+sMMH, PPH alone, MMH alone, and PPH+sMMH (P < .01). The duration of postoperative hospitalization stay was the shortest in patients who received RPH alone and increased in the following order: PPH alone, RPH+sMMH, PPH+sMMH, and MMH alone (P < .01). The incidence of postoperative hemorrhage, uroschesis, anal fissure, crissum hematoma or thrombosis, and anorectal stenosis was significantly lower in patients who received RPH+sMMH than in patients who received the other 4 types of surgical treatments (P < .05, P < .01). No significant differences in postoperative rectovaginal fistula and anal incontinence were observed between the 5 groups of patients. Conclusions. RPH with or without simplified MMH can reduce the incidence of postoperative complications and improve the curative efficacy in the treatment of patients with mixed hemorrhoids.


Introduction Adherence to glaucoma medications is essential for successful treatment of the disease but is complex and difficult for many of our patients. Health coaching has been used successfully in the treatment of other chronic diseases. This pilot study explores the use of health coaching for glaucoma care. Methods A mixed methods study design was used to assess the health coaching intervention for glaucoma patients. The health coaching intervention consisted of four to six health coaching sessions with a certified health coach via telephone. Quantitative measures included demographic and health information, adherence to glaucoma medications (using the visual analog adherence scale and medication event monitoring system), and an exit survey rating the experience. Qualitative measures included a precoaching health questionnaire, notes made by the coach during the intervention, and an exit interview with the subjects at the end of the study. Results Four glaucoma patients participated in the study; all derived benefits from the health coaching. Study subjects demonstrated increased glaucoma drop adherence in response to the coaching intervention, in both visual analog scale and medication event monitoring system. Study subjects' qualitative feedback reflected a perceived improvement in both eye and general health self-care. The subjects stated that they would recommend health coaching to friends or family members. Conclusion Health coaching was helpful to the glaucoma patients in this study; it has the potential to improve glaucoma care and overall health.


: I reinforce my defense of permissivism about the rationality of doxastic attitudes on the face of a certain body of evidence against criticism published in this journal by Anantharaman. After making some conceptual clarifications, I manage to show that at least one of my original arguments pro-permissivism is left unscathed by Anantharaman's points.


This symposium is dedicated to John Harrington's recent monograph Towards a Rhetoric of Medical Law. The book examines the development of British health care law since the foundation of the National Health Service in 1948 from a critical cultural and historical perspective. Its ambition is two-fold. First, it seeks to explain changes in key medical law doctrines, for example informed consent and clinical negligence, with reference to shifts in the organization of health care in the UK, and with reference to the broader pattern of crisis and reform in British political economy over the period. It pays particular attention to the decline of welfarist paternalism and the rise of neo-liberal marketization in health. Second, it renews and extends rhetorical analysis of law, developed by modern scholars such as James Boyd White and Peter Goodrich. It draws on theories of legal indeterminacy, especially critical legal studies and systems theory, to justify the rhetorical stance. Combining classical patterns of analysis with tools from materialist cultural studies it shows that rhetorical criticism offers a powerful combination of humanistic and socio-legal approaches to law. The present symposium brings together a diverse group of scholars whose interests enable them to speak to the several ambitions of Towards a Rhetoric of Medical Law and to evaluate the extent and limits of its achievement. These interests include rhetoric and British politics (Alan Finlayson), social studies of medicine and law (Emilie Cloatre), legal rhetoric (Gary Watt) and law and literature (Martin Kayman). Their contributions are followed by a reply from Harrington, part justification, part concession, which concludes with a brief defence of rhetoric against both technocratic and populist anti-rhetorics which dominate the contemporary scene in Britain and beyond.


This document defines a master key used between a client of the
Protocol for carrying Authentication for Network Access (PANA) and an
enforcement point, for bootstrapping lower-layer ciphering. The master
key is derived from the Master Session Key of the Extensible
Authentication Protocol as a result of successful PANA authentication.
The master key guarantees cryptographic independence among enforcement
points bootstrapped from PANA authentication across different address
families. [STANDARDS-TRACK]


This comprehensive review of randomized trials and registry reports makes several assertions about the clinical usefulness of excimer laser angioplasty. First, refinements in patient selection and excimer laser technique have resulted in improved procedural outcome. Second, the overall rates of clinical success for excimer laser angioplasty are approximately 90%, major and minor complications 6%, and vessel perforation 1%. Third, superior success rates are achieved for saphenous vein graft lesions, ostial stenoses and total occlusions, but decreased success rates are obtained for bifurcation, calcified and thrombus-containing lesions. The routine use of saline infusion during excimer laser angioplasty and careful evaluation of this therapy for new indications such as in-stent restenosis will increase the usefulness of excimer laser angioplasty in interventional cardiovascular medicine.


Headscarf (tudung in Malay Language) has become one of the Muslimah fashion. Nowadays, there are massive brands
and designs of tudung are available in the market. However, most of the designs are dependent on designers' artistic
sensibility. Moreover, lack of proper consideration on user preferences may results in an unfit product that may
minimize the potential profit. This study used Kansei evaluation to obtain user preferences on tudung in general,
more specifically, on the design criteria of the tudung in Malaysian context. Twenty-five participants were involved
in a semi-structured interview, and three designs of tudung were selected (namely Ariani, Naelofar, and Galeria),
and ten Kansei words were obtained (trending, beautiful, quality fabric, non-transparent, cooling effect,
comfortable, easy to wear, easy to shape, wrinkle free, and uncrowded design). These information were then
converted into a Kansei Questionnaire, in which a respondent was asked to rate the three selected designs based on
the ten Kansei words. 158 respondents were completed the questionnaire. In overall, Ariani scored the highest
among the three designs (M = 3.86; SD = 0.367), follows closely by Galeria (M = 3.85; SD = 0.321), and the lowest was
Naelofar (M = 3.40; SD = 0.321). The result also reveals that there is a significant difference between the three
chosen designs at p < 0.05, [F (2, 27) = 6.295, p = 0.006]. The results from this study give an additional information
regarding the user preferences on tudung's design in general, more specifically, recommends the preferable tudung
design based on the design criteria, in which will optimized the fit between the design and user preferences.


Abstract Schistosomiasis infection is endemic in many parts of Tanzania. The morbidity due to Schistosomiasis and its association with cancer remains to be of great concern and poses greater challenge that needs to be assessed. Cancer is an increasing public health problem in most sub-Saharan African countries, and yet, cancer control programs and the provision of early detection and treatment services are limited despite this increasing burden. This article aims to discuss case series of patients diagnosed with urinary bladder, prostate and colorectal cancer together with Schistosoma infection. We further highlight the opportunities for combating new Schistosomiasis infection, a potential to reduce its oncological complications particularly in low-resource setting.


This article examines business practices focused on knowledge and innovation and the relationship of these business practices with other key organisational variables in Canadian and US firms. The article is based on a 1996 study of 103 Fortune 500 and 151 Post 300 firms. The study was sponsored by the Michael J. Coles College of Business at Kennesaw State University and funded by the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants. Using cluster analysis, we grouped firms with similar knowledge and innovation-related business practices. Our analysis reveals that firms in each country can be categorised based on their focus on knowledge and innovation as: (1) high focus; (2) moderate focus; or (3) low focus. Results indicate that firms in each of the three categories tend to differ in organisational structure and technology orientation, as well as in the perception of the value of various non-financial performance factors and intangible assets.


The number of international students is increasing in higher institutions in Malaysia as the country is moving towards becoming the hub of education in the Asian Region. In the hype of welcoming and getting them enrolled in the institutions, are the host institutions ready for them?  There are many aspects that can ensure the smoothness of the education journey of the international students here. A study on the elements that assist and hinder the learning experiences of the international students in a public university was embarked on. However, this paper delineates only one part of the study – the human touch. It deliberates on the people who have played a role in assisting and also hindering the international students' learning experiences. A google form consisting of 5 open-ended questions was emailed to 600 international students who were considered active in 2016 but only 40 students responded. The data were analysed qualitatively where themes on who and how the people in the host institutions were involved in assisting and also hindering the international students in moving towards completing their studies. The data revealed that the international students admitted that they found the people, namely the supervisors in the host institution to be really instrumental in their learning experiences. They named the administrative staff to be leaving quite a bad impact in their journey as international students here.


As technological advances in engineering and computer science happen more and more quickly, we must shift focus from teaching specific techniques or programming languages to teaching something more transcending: computational thinking (Wing, 2006). Wing explained this concept later as "the thought processes involved in formulating a problem and expressing its solution(s) in such a way that a computer – human or machine – can effectively carry out". It includes abstraction, heuristics, algorithm design, efficiency and complexity. While programming classes add to students' competence in some of these topics, mathematics too may foster computational thinking (Weintrop et al., 2016). However, few resources are currently available to support teachers in meeting computational thinking learning goals. This design-based qualitative study explores which aspects of computational thinking can be addressed well through a mathematics project for secondary school students aged 16-17 in the Netherlands. As puzzle-like problems help students to think more algorithmically (Levitin & Papalaskari, 2002), we designed a three-hour project using such problems to familiarize students with the algorithm design paradigm 'branch and bound', which efficiently enumerates candidate solutions in discrete optimization. Allowing students to come up with heuristics, analyse the complexity of approaches, and do some calculations by hand, we aim to improve their computational thinking. We will present our design and an evaluation of the project carried out by 50 students, discussing findings from in-class observations and interviews with 5 case students. Data collection is currently underway, and the results will be available at the time of presentation. We expect to report on our experiences in teaching the branch and bound paradigm and its affordances and limitations for helping students learn to think computationally. We focus on skills helping them contribute to tomorrow's society: algorithmic thinking, while still being able to reflect on efficiency and correctness.


Mitomycin C (MMC), obtained from Streptomyces caespitosus, a clinically useful
antitumour antibiotic, is the archetypical quinone bioreductive alkylating agent. The
reductive activation mechanism of MMC, involves quinone reduction sequentially
activating electrophilic sites in the drug molecule (C-l and C-lO for MMC). This
research project was designed to investigate the role of the C-lO in alkylation processes
by preparing compounds in which the electrophilicity at C-l is much reduced by
substituting a cyclopropane for the aziridine ring. The resulting pyrrolo[I,2-a]indole,
cyclopropamitosenes, could on reductive activation, by either 1- or 2-electron processes,
followed by elimination of the carbamate, generate a powerful electrophile capable of
alkylating DNA (or other nucleophiles) at C-lO ..
A range of compounds was prepared utilising the azidocinnamate decomposition route
to substituted indoles and an intramolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition strategy was
employed to synthesise the pyrrolo[I,2-a]indole nucleus.
The rapid ring opening of cyclopropylcarbinyl radicals is briefly outlined. The
reduction-initiated ring opening of the cyclopropane ring is investigated, thereby
establishing its relevance to the potent bioreductive anticancer action of the
cyclopropamitosenes, novel analogues of MMC.
The design and synthesis of fused [I,2-a]indoles without the cyclopropane ring, is
examined for comparative purposes. The key step in the synthesis is the formation of
the [I,2-a ]indole nucleus via a radical cyclisation.
Biological data were recorded for the cyclopropamitosenes and correlated with their
structures.


In experiments with rats was studied the role of visual stimuli in conditioning of place preference in a T-shaped chamber, certain stimuli being combined with morphine injection (5 mg/kg). Intensity of illumination of the chamber sections, colour of walls, and the orientation of dark stripes on the walls were varied. Testing the animals' behaviour began with determining the reward properties of certain visual stimuli on the basis of the total time of the animals' stay in a chamber. Procedure of combining the visual stimuli with morphine was repeated four times. Associative properties of the stimuli were revealed by comparing the learning efficiency in different experimental groups. Learning within the framework of the place preference model was concluded to depend upon the reward properties of the visual stimuli, whereas the behaviour itself to be based on the mechanism of the instrumental but not the classical conditioned response.


ABSTRACT Deer have a prominent public and political profile in Scotland because of their iconic status, environmental and socio-economic impacts, and the long-running controversies surrounding their management. However, few studies have examined public perceptions of deer management. This article investigates whether rural and urban place of residence and other demographic factors are significant influences on public perceptions of deer management. A survey (n = 184) in rural and urban locations in Scotland explored public perceptions of deer management in contrasting localities. Place of residence, demographic information and self-reported knowledge levels were analysed to examine their impact on perceptions. Respondents generally agreed that deer management is necessary, with fencing and culling the first and second most preferred management options. Rural or urban place of residence had a limited influence on opinions of deer management, with engagement in land-based employment playing a more important role. Self-reported understanding of deer management was the most important factor in shaping opinions; those with greater knowledge were more likely to support deer culling. The findings suggest that improved public education concerning the need for deer management would be beneficial, increasing public understanding of management practices.


(20/10/2019) A response spectrum method for analysis of bridges crossing faults Proper seismic design of bridges requires accounting for the effect of ground motion spatial variability, which can significantly influence the structural response. For bridges crossing faults, the main source of spatial variability is the mirror-image nature of the slip-parallel components of the ground motion on the two sides of the fault. In this paper, the problem of estimating seismic demands for bridges crossing faults is investigated within the framework of the Multiple Support Response Spectrum (MSRS) method, originally developed by Der Kiureghian and &euenhofer (1992). The MSRS combination rule estimates the peak structural response in terms of the response spectra of the support motions and a coherency function that characterizes the spatial variability of the ground motion random field. A coherency function is developed to describe the variability in the support motions for a bridge crossing a strike-slip fault, under the assumptions of stationarity and zero residual slip. The stationarity and broad-bandedness of the seismic input are basic assumptions inherent in the MSRS method. These assumptions are not realistic for ground motions in the near-fault regions and, thus, the applicability of the MSRS method in such regions may be questioned. However, comparisons with time-history analyses in an example application demonstrate the ability of the MSRS rule in conjunction with the proposed coherency function to provide good estimates of the peak structural response for narrowband and strongly nonstationary seismic input Keyword: Bridges,Near-fault,MSRS rule,Spatial variability


This bibliography is produced in association with Current Opinion in Cardiology (Rapid Science Publishers, USA). This issue consists of literature scanned during July, August and September 1994.


Trifluoromethyl propargylamines react with various azide derivatives to afford 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles through a Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. The reaction is catalyzed by a Cu(I) species in acetonitrile, and the corresponding products are obtained in good yields. This process thus offers an entry to new trifluoromethyl peptidomimetics as interesting scaffolds.


Abstract Purpose To investigate the effectiveness of a practitioner-led, peer-group sports intervention for children with CP at GMFCS Level I–II. Method Children with CP (GMFCS I–II; 6–12 years) were randomised to Sports Stars or waitlist-control groups. Sports Stars included eight-weeks (eight hours) of physiotherapist-led, sports-specific gross motor activity training, sports education, teamwork development and confidence building. Sports participation was measured using self-identified participation goals (modified Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (mCOPM)). Physical competence was measured with mCOPM activity goals and high-level gross motor batteries (Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2); GMFM-Challenge) and walking (Timed-Up-and-Go), running (Muscle Power Sprint Test; 10x5m Sprint Test), jumping (Standing Broad Jump; Vertical Jump) and throwing (Seated Throw) items. General participation and quality of life were also measured. Outcomes were measured pre, post and 12-weeks post-intervention. Data were analysed using linear mixed models. Results Fifty-four children were randomised into Sports Stars (n = 29; GMFCS I = 7, II = 22; male = 19; 8.9 ± 2 years) or waitlist-control groups (n = 25; GMFCS I = 10, II = 15; male = 14; 8.6 ± 2 years). The Sports Stars group improved sports participation and activity goals (mCOPM F = 5.49–10.29, p < 0.001) and sports-specific physical competence (TGMD-2, F = 3.45–5.19, p = 0.001–0.009) compared to the waitlist-control. Conclusion Sports Stars is effective for improving sports-specific participation and physical competence for children with CP. Implications for rehabilitation Sports Stars improves performance and satisfaction in sports-specific participation and activity goals for ambulant children with CP. Sports Stars improves sports-specific physical activity competence in locomotor and object control skills. Sport-specific interventions should incorporate sport-specific gross motor activity training as well as sports education, confidence building and teamwork.


An on-chip noise canceller with high voltage supply lines for the nanosecond-range power supply noise is proposed. The canceller fabricated with 90-nm CMOS achieves 68% noise reduction with 2.0% power increase. Under the same noise reduction conditions, the area penalty for the canceller is 1/77 and 1/45 of those for the additional on-chip decoupling capacitors and the power supply lines respectively.


The high integration of distributed generation (DG) system based on renewable energy sources (RES) in the power system requires changes regarding the control mode of these sources with some urgency. Such changes seek to maintain the stability of the power systems. Thus, there is a demand for using control techniques on DGs/RESs that can mitigate the disturbances caused by low inertia and the lack of control over the dispatched powers. As a solution, one can use virtual synchronous generator (VSG) techniques making the voltage source inverter (VSI) control behave similarly to the traditional synchronous generator (SG). This paper presents a literature review and performance tests for the main VSG topologies used in DGs/RESs: ISE, VSYNC, VISMA and Synchronverter. The implementation of VSG in the DGs/RESs has made possible increase inertia in the grid and, additionally regulate the active and reactive powers separately and bidirectionally. So, it has been possible to meet power system requirements; being able to operation both grid-connected or island-mode, which is ideal for microgrids. The results obtained confirm the literature reports. It was observed that the Synchronverter topology presented advantages over the other VSG topologies.


Since 1987 many stock markets of the world have experienced volatility. This has been true of many emerging stock markets. Our study of daily stock market data from Pakistan between June 1987 and May 1993 finds the results to be consistent with the impression of great volatility and unpredictability thought to be common in such emerging markets. We used the VAR technique to estimate a "presumed" fundamental on stock indices using lagged first differences of natural logs of daily exchange rates and stock indices. We used the Hamilton switching model and associated Walk test to see if such speculative trends were present. We were significantly unable to rule them out. We then tested for ARCH effects, whose presence we failed to reject. We then used ARCHgenerated residuals to apply the BDS test of general non-linear structure. We failed to reject the lack of such non-linear structure quite significantly. Thus, the Pakistani stock market during the period of study seems to have exhibited quite complex dynamics, along with apparently strong trends that may indicate the presence of speculative bubbles. This has many important implications for Pakistani as well as other emerging markets.


Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on the isolation and characterization of stem cells from pulp tissues obtained through rotary instrumentation techniques compared to the manual technique. Material and Methods: Thirty permanent teeth were included, 15 of which were instrumented with rotational technique (Protaper SX) and other 15 with manual technique. Cells obtained were characterized by flow cytometry and proliferation was evaluated by the MTT assay. The plasticity was evaluated for adipogenic, osteogenic and odontogenic differentiations. Results: Cells isolated from the pulp of permanent teeth, by manual techniques, presented fibroblast morphology and were able to differentiate successfully. All lineages expressed CD29, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD146, CD166 and were negative for CD31, CD34 and CD45. MTT assay showing significantly increased proliferation of hDPSCs in 5 and 7 days of the culture. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that manual instrumentation technique is one of the best candidates to harvest dental pulp tissue as the dental stem cell source due to ability effective expanded with less tissue invasion. The technique of rotational instrumentation proved to be very harmful to the tissues of the dental pulp, and we can't obtain cells using this technique.Keywords: Root Canal Therapy; Pulpectomy; Anatomy and Histology; Stem Cell.


Malcolm Harris was one of 700 people arrested during a peaceful protest march in support of the Occupy Wall Street Movement. He was charged with one count of disorderly conduct for having blocked traffic. Allegedly in preparation for trial, the prosecutor served three subpoenas on Twitter Inc. for 3 1/2 months of information from Harris' social networking account. The D.A. sought two types of information: the contents of Petitioner's electronic communications (e.g., "tweets") and "location" information for the 3 1/2 month period.Petitioner moved to quash the subpoenas as violative of the First and Fourth Amendments, the New York Constitution, the Criminal Procedure Law and common law. After the Court held that Petitioner lacked standing to object to the subpoenas because they had been served on Twitter, Twitter moved to quash. The Court then rejected Twitter's challenges and upheld the subpoenas under the Stored Communications Act, 18 U.S.C. 2701 et seq.On August 20, 2012, Malcolm Harris commenced an Article 78 proceeding to overturn the Court's rulings. Twitter took a direct appeal on August 27, 2012.This is the Article 78 Petition I prepared on behalf of the #OWS protester and filed in the first proceeding. It raises and addresses significant constitutional, intellectual property, privacy, statutory and common law issues. For those who are interested in cutting-edge technology and cutting-edge law.


A number of applicants rely on the European Convention on Human Rights to challenge the rules and procedures of the Contracting States in tax matters, and the methods used by tax-authority officials. These applications are based on Article 1 (protection of property) of Protocol No. 1 to the Convention, which recognises that a State is entitled "to enforce such laws as it deems necessary ... to secure the payment of taxes or other contributions", and Article 6 (right to a fair trial) of the Convention. Other Convention provisions have also been relied on, however.


Software as a Service (SaaS) is a relatively new organizational application sourcing alternative, offering organizations the option to access applications--via the Internet--that are remotely hosted on offsite servers instead of installing equivalent applications in-house, thus presumably saving costs. Although SaaS has been offered since the late 1990s, so far it has not become a dominant sourcing alternative for organizational core applications, in spite of the fact that most leading IT companies now offer remotely-hosted organization-wide applications. This study conceptualized and empirically tested a model of the effects of the perceived risk of SaaS and trust in the SaaS vendor community on the organizational intention to adopt SaaS at this early stage of the SaaS market. Three novel, risk-related constructs were developed: perceived risk of SaaS, perceived risk of systems unavailability, and perceived risk of data insecurity. Likewise, three new trust-related constructs were also conceived: trust in the SaaS vendor community, perceived capabilities and perceived reputation of the SaaS vendor community. An empirical test of the model demonstrated the negative effect of perceived risk and the positive effects of trust in, and the reputation of, the SaaS vendor community, on the intention to adopt SaaS. Trust in the SaaS vendor community was also found to strongly affect all three risk concepts.


Brain 10 nm filaments were isolated from bovine, rabbit and rat brains by a modification of an existing procedure. The overall polypeptide composition of these preparations was similar to that previously reported for brain neurofilaments. In addition to the major polypeptide component, which has mol. wt. approx. 50 000, three other polypeptides with chain mol. wts. approx. 210 000, 155 000 and 70 000, which correspond to peripheral-nerve neurofilament polypeptides, were consistently found to be present. The mol. wt.-50 000 species was found to be heterogeneous and may contain a component derived from the mol. wt. 70 000 polypeptide. The three higher-molecular-weight polypeptides did not appear to be obviously homologous or to be homologous with myosin or Myxicola neurofilament polypeptides. These same three higher-molecular-weight components were shown to be identical with the polypeptides probably responsible for the 10 nm filaments formed during the early cycles of the tubulin-purification protocol.


BACKGROUND
Patients awaiting surgical procedures often experience significant anxiety. Such anxiety may result in negative physiological manifestations, slower wound healing, increased risk of infection, and may complicate the induction of anaesthesia and impede postoperative recovery. To reduce patient anxiety, sedatives and anti-anxiety drugs are regularly administered before surgery. However, these often have negative side effects and may prolong patient recovery. Therefore, increasing attention is being paid to a variety of non-pharmacological interventions for reduction of preoperative anxiety such as music therapy and music medicine interventions. Interventions are categorized as 'music medicine' when passive listening to pre-recorded music is offered by medical personnel. In contrast, music therapy requires the implementation of a music intervention by a trained music therapist, the presence of a therapeutic process, and the use of personally tailored music experiences. A systematic review was needed to gauge the efficacy of both music therapy and music medicine interventions for reduction of preoperative anxiety.

OBJECTIVES
To examine the effects of music interventions with standard care versus standard care alone on preoperative anxiety in surgical patients.

SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2012, Issue 7), MEDLINE (1950 to August 2012), CINAHL (1980 to August 2012), AMED (1985 to April 2011; we no longer had access to AMED after this date), EMBASE (1980 to August 2012), PsycINFO (1967 to August 2012), LILACS (1982 to August 2012), Science Citation Index (1980 to August 2012), the specialist music therapy research database (March 1 2008; database is no longer functional), CAIRSS for Music (to August 2012), Proquest Digital Dissertations (1980 to August 2012), ClinicalTrials.gov (2000 to August 2012), Current Controlled Trials (1998 to August 2012), and the National Research Register (2000 to September 2007). We handsearched music therapy journals and reference lists, and contacted relevant experts to identify unpublished manuscripts. There was no language restriction.

SELECTION CRITERIA
We included all randomized and quasi-randomized trials that compared music interventions and standard care with standard care alone for reducing preoperative anxiety in surgical patients.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias. We contacted authors to obtain missing data where needed. Where possible, results were presented in meta analyses using mean differences and standardized mean differences. Post-test scores were used. In cases of significant baseline differences, we used change scores.

MAIN RESULTS
We included 26 trials (2051 participants). All studies used listening to pre-recorded music. The results suggested that music listening may have a beneficial effect on preoperative anxiety. Specifically, music listening resulted, on average, in an anxiety reduction that was 5.72 units greater (95% CI -7.27 to -4.17, P < 0.00001) than that in the standard care group as measured by the Stait-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S), and -0.60 standardized units (95% CI -0.90 to -0.31, P < 0.0001) on other anxiety scales. The results also suggested a small effect on heart rate and diastolic blood pressure, but no support was found for reductions in systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, and skin temperature. Most trials were assessed to be at high risk of bias because of lack of blinding. Blinding of outcome assessors is often impossible in music therapy and music medicine studies that use subjective outcomes, unless in studies in which the music intervention is compared to another treatment intervention. Because of the high risk of bias, these results need to be interpreted with caution.None of the studies included wound healing, infection rate, time to discharge, or patient satisfaction as outcome variables. One large study found that music listening was more effective than the sedative midazolam in reducing preoperative anxiety and equally effective in reducing physiological responses. No adverse effects were identified.

AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review indicates that music listening may have a beneficial effect on preoperative anxiety. These findings are consistent with the findings of three other Cochrane systematic reviews on the use of music interventions for anxiety reduction in medical patients. Therefore, we conclude that music interventions may provide a viable alternative to sedatives and anti-anxiety drugs for reducing preoperative anxiety.


The main objective of the present paper is to compare nine diffrent cell temperature models available in the literature with data measured under real Derna city climatic conditions (a semi arid climate) for month of August. Th study focuses on a comparison of nine theoretical models to calculate the cell temperature based on the experimental measurements such as the ambient temperature, irradiance, and wind speed in some of the models. Th presently used models are explicit, depending on the easily measurable parameters and of wide applicability. Six statistical quantitative indicators are used to evaluate the cell temperature models analysed, namely, R2, RMSE, RRMSE, MAE, MBE and MARE. The cell temperature correlations presently studied, fist order linear models depending on the ambient temperature, solar irradiation incident on the panel and voltage output, provide the most accurate cell temperature estimations at Derna city climatic conditions


An examination of the role media plays in the African American community. Ownership, access, and image making, are a few of the topics discussed. The goal of the resources within this guide is to develop an appreciation and an awareness of the roles of me


OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether decreased anxiety associated with immediate reading of screening mammograms resulted in lower downstream utilization and costs among women with false-positive mammograms.

DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING
We identified 1,140 women, > or =age 40, with false-positive mammograms and 12-month follow-up after participating in a trial of immediate versus batch mammographic reading between February 1999 and January 2001 in a multispecialty group managed care practice in Massachusetts.

STUDY DESIGN
We determined downstream utilization and costs for study participants by immediate and batch reading status.

DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS
Demographic, comorbidity, and medical care utilization data were obtained from survey data and computerized medical record databases. Costs included direct medical costs, patient time, travel and copayments, and additional professional time costs associated with immediate reading.

PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
Immediate reading cost an additional $4.40 per screening mammogram. Women with immediate readings had more follow-up mammograms (781 versus 750, p=.018) and fewer diagnostic ultrasounds (176 versus 219, p=.016) than women with batch readings. Costs to the health plan for breast care were approximately 10 percent higher for immediate readings in multivariable analyses (p=.046), but no significant difference was seen in total societal costs (p=.072).

CONCLUSIONS
Immediate mammogram reading was associated with increased costs to the health plan and changes in follow-up radiology procedures. These costs must be examined alongside beneficial effects of immediate reading.


COVID-19 vaccines available in Vietnam have different prices, efficacies, and side effects. We studied acceptance and willingness to pay (WTP) for COVID-19 vaccines in Vietnam, using a self-designed online questionnaire. Respondents were 2093 unvaccinated adults. Multiple regression analyses identified factors associated with vaccine acceptance and WTP. Acceptance of free vaccines was around 90% for the three available in Vietnam (Astra Zeneca, SPUTNIK V, and Pfizer-BioNTech). WTP for the same vaccines was about 70%. Vaccine acceptance was associated with being female and/or chronically ill or undergoing COVID-19-related job changes. WTP was associated variously with family economic status, occupational changes due to COVID-19, chronic disease, and perceived risk of infection. Most respondents were willing to be vaccinated and many were willing to pay for it, depending on personal and family circumstances. Vietnam should budget for free vaccines to support those unable to pay.


The excess energy flow pathways during rotational and translational relaxation induced by rotational or translational excitation of a single molecule of and within each of four different neat liquids (H2O, MeOH, CCl4, and CH4) are studied using classical molecular dynamics simulations and energy flux analysis. For all four liquids, the relaxation processes for both types of excitation are ultrafast, but the energy flow is significantly faster for the polar, hydrogen-bonded (H-bonded) liquids H2O and MeOH. Whereas the majority of the initial excess energy is transferred into hindered rotations (librations) for rotational excitation in the H-bonded liquids, an almost equal efficiency for transfer to translational and rotational motions is observed in the nonpolar, non-H-bonded liquids CCl4 and CH4. For translational excitation, transfer to translational motions dominates for all liquids. In general, the energy flows are quite local; i.e., more than 70% of the energy flows directly to the first solvent shell molecules, reaching almost 100% for CCl4 and CH4. Finally, the determined validity of linear response theory for these nonequilibrium relaxation processes is quite solvent-dependent, with the deviation from linear response most marked for rotational excitation and for the nonpolar liquids.


Abstract The purpose of the study was to explore the constraints and benefits associated with the use of an urban park by a sample of elderly people in Hong Kong. The proportion of elderly in the population of Hong Kong is increasing rapidly. Although a substantial body of research on leisure and the elderly exists in western societies, no previous research on this subject in Hong Kong has been reported, and it seemed likely that cultural differences would lead to some different perspectives. A purposive sample of 25 elderly respondents, 13 within Tsuen Wan Jockey Club Tak Wah Park and 12 outside the park, were interviewed. Representatives from three age cohorts, 60–69, 70–79, and 80 and over, were selected. The major constraints associated with not using the park more by both park and non‐park users were poor health, being too busy, and poor park management, which incorporated crowding, the poor hygiene of other park users, and illicit behavior in the park. Non‐park users cited a number of additional reasons. Respondents perceived that multiple health, social and psychological benefits accrued from park use. Cultural differences were identified suggesting that the implications for facilitating urban park use in Hong Kong may be different from those in western societies.


The increasing number of distributed energy resources (DERs), advancing communication and computation technologies, and reliability concerns of the customers have caused an intense interest on the concept of microgrid. Although DERs are the biggest motivation of the microgrids due to their intermittent generation characteristics, they constitute a risk for system reliability. Battery storage systems (BSSs) stand as one of the most effective solutions for this reliability problem. However, inappropriate use of BSS creates other operational problems in power systems. In order to deal with these concerns explicitly in microgrids, an optimized microgrid central controller (MGCC) is the key factor, which controls the realtime operation of a microgrid. This work proposes a model predictive control (MPC) based MGCC that will provide optimal control of the microgrid, considering economic and operational constraints. The proposed system will minimize energy cost of the microgrid by utilizing mixed integer linear programming (MILP) assuming the presence of DERs and BSS as well as the bi-directional grid connection. Moreover, the aging effect of BSS will be considered in the proposed optimization problem which will provide an up-to-date system model. The proposed method is evaluated using real load and photovoltaic (PV) generation data.


This paper examines whether the current EU competition law regarding refusal to license intellectual property rights can effectively deal with access to industry common standards that may embrace proprietary intellectual property rights. It finds even though intellectual property rights as such do not confer dominant position to their owners in the market, industry standards that embrace technologies covered by IPRs may add substantial value to these IPRs. The combination of industry standards and IPRs may create a dominant position in the market. The paper suggests that the approach based on the complementary interaction between intellectual property law and competition law be introduced to address the refusal to license IPRs problems in terms of industry standards, especially the over-exploiting intellectual property should be taken into account when to determine the existence of abuse of dominant position.


We propose a method for simultaneously detecting shared and unshared communities in heterogeneous multilayer weighted and undirected networks. The multilayer network is assumed to follow a generative probabilistic model that takes into account the similarities and dissimilarities between the communities. We make use of a variational Bayes approach for jointly inferring the shared and unshared hidden communities from multilayer network observations. We show that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms in detecting disparate (shared and private) communities on synthetic data as well as on real genome-wide fibroblast proliferation dataset.


Abstract Uncertainty is involved in each and every step of the diagnostic process. Trying to eliminate doubt altogether is too costly, is likely to fail, and may lead to patient harm. Acknowledging this, the threshold approach aims to optimize diagnosis-making by adopting the explicit use of probability estimates and by discouraging the pursuit of 100% certainty. Yet physicians are affected by cognitive biases which compromise their probabilistic reasoning and may lead to unreliable estimates. Health informatics tools helping to overcome human limitations by empowering physicians to handle probabilities are needed to increase the efficiency of diagnostic process.


The purpose of this study was to explore if and how the Swedish Supreme Court are using the concept "the child's best interest". This concept is used a lot in Swedish legislation, but it needs interpretation every time it´s used and is often perceived as unclear. This makes it interesting to see how this affects the individual child´s legal rights. Furthermore I want to see if the Supreme Court listen to the child´s own opinion and if not, are there any justifications to why not. The study has a quantitative starting point, where I have gone through a number of judgments and then chosen seven out of a qualitative point where there has been a discussion from the Supreme Court around the individual and the best interest of the child for the individual child and the methods of analysis used in this study are social constructionism, legal sociology and analysis of the idea. The study shows a lack of consistency among the professionals of what the concept really stands for, which negatively affects the legal rights for the individual child. The solution is a closer collaboration between social workers, judges and lawyers to make the concept clearer and more applicable.


Diabetes mellitus is a major and escalating chronic
illness that affects more than nine percent of the United States'
population and is the seventh leading cause of U. S. deaths. Many
hospitalized patients present without a prior diagnosis of
hyperglycemia, but are recognized as pre-diabetic, while others
experience transient stress hyperglycemia during hospitalization.
Still others present with evidence of poor diabetes
self-management, education, and support, and hospitalization
provides an opportunity to assess and improve their current health
status and glycemic control regimens. A growing body of evidence
demonstrates that comprehensive glycemic control and interventions
to increase patients' knowledge and self-care management skills are
essential components of treatment, as is continuing support.
Passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010
has re-focused attention on quality, to include effective patient
care transitions, improved self-care management, and avoidable
hospital readmissions. The purpose of this study was to describe
and evaluate the implementation of an interdisciplinary inpatient
diabetes care process that optimizes coordinated care transitions
and patients' self-care knowledge. Although there were no
significant differences in 30-day readmission rates or attendance
at initial follow-up discharge appointments between the
intervention and control groups of this pilot randomized control
trial, observational and descriptive aspects of the study provided
insight into the study institution's current processes with regard
to standards of diabetes care, patient care coordination, and
patient transitions. Deficiencies in these processes led to several
recommendations and to the conclusion that implementation of an
interdisciplinary diabetes care coordination pathway could be
instrumental in improving the delivery and quality of care for
patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.


Stray radiation and emissivity variation are the most significant causes of measurement error inherent in radiation thermometry. Several methods for reducing errors have been developed by utilizing interreflection of radiation. The first three methods discussed are designed to eliminate stray radiation. The first method, using a water-cooled shielding flange, is applicable for a continuously moving object in a furnace in the range between 200 and 800°C. The second method, having a radiator instead of a cooled shield, is convenient for infurnace measurement higher than 1000°C with accuracy comparable to that of the first method. The third method is designed for the measurement of low-emissivity metals at room temperature where stray radiation is so large that radiation thermometry generally is considered to be impractical. Under the circumstance where the emissivity of the object is not assumed to be constant, the second three methods might be very useful because in these methods the emissivity is simultaneously measured to improve the accuracy of temperature measurement. Specularly reflecting characteristics of the object are utilized in the first and the second methods, while multiple reflection of radiation is used in the last method. Several examples of these methods, routinely used in the steel industry, are introduced. The activities of Japanese societies in the field of radiation thermometry are also surveyed.


Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is known to facilitate governance and citizen participation in States' decision making processes. However, e-governance researchers have argued that beyond the current use of ICT to facilitate already existing means of governance lays the possibility of its use to fundamentally revolutionise public administration. There is the ideation and aspiration for ICT-based States (E-states) which exist without governments, and whose citizens can self-organise and self-govern without the need for institutions. This is a conceptual paper which discusses the viability and prospects of this aspiration. The study reviews literature in the areas of politics, public administration and Information Technology in the context of governance and public administration. This study ultimately argues that the possibility of establishing an E-state will be dependent on changing existing political ideologies and systems of governance to anarchism. As it is, ICT cannot be a substitute for governments and certain governmental institutions but can only help them.


BACKGROUND: Cryptococcus neoformans is not generally recognized as producing pseudohyphae. Although atypical morphologic forms have been described in the microbiology literature, we believe this is the first complete cytologic report describing this uncommon and unusual cytologic appearance of cryptococcal infection. CASES: In five cases of cryptococcal infection, C neoformans formed chains of budding yeasts, pseudohyphae and germ tube-like structures. The atypical forms of C neoformans were seen in cerebrospinal fluid, imprints and in histopathologic sections from multiple organs from two human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients; in pleural fluid from a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; in crush smears from a stereotactic biopsy of the brain; and in a fine needle aspirate of a lung nodule in two patients with no known risk factors for HIV infection. CONCLUSION: Recognition of atypical cytomorphologic variants of C neoformans is important since there are potential diagnostic pitfalls for confusing these atypical-appearing organisms with a Candida-type species or fungal contaminants. Special stains for capsular material and culture can be helpful in making a correct diagnosis.


This article introduces a novel experiment that involves vitrimers, a new type of polymer, in polymer chemistry and physics lab courses for undergraduate students. Vitrimers are permanently cross-linked networks that can be reprocessed under certain external stimuli. Therefore, they combine the advantages of traditional thermoplastics (excellent reprocessability) with thermosets (outstanding mechanical properties and environmental stability). They can be regarded as a kind of "special thermoset", which moves this industry toward a more sustainable path, as they are conducive to decreasing thermosetting wastes, reducing environmental pollution, and cutting down the waste of resources. From this lab class, students obtained more experience in the preparation and characterization of polymers. They also learned the concepts of dynamic chemistries and vitrimers and gained a better understanding of the advantages and limitations of thermosets and thermoplastics, as well as a strategy for making a reprocessable thermoset polymeric material. It also fostered students' interest in functional materials and inspired them to design other functional materials. Moreover, this experimental setup is convenient and safe for implementation and dissemination in most undergraduate laboratory classes.


BALB/c mice immunized with phosphorylcholine‐conjugated keyhole limpet hemocy‐anin (PC‐KLH) produce two types of anti‐PC antibodies, designated group I and group II, which differ in their fine specificity and idiotype expression. Group I1 hybridomas can utilize VH genes and VL genes (in particular, Vϰ1–3) distinct from those expressed in the group I‐like anti‐PC myelomas. Here we have analyzed additional anti‐PC hybridomas from BALB/c and (CBA/N × BALB/c)F1 male mice and also anti‐PC antibodies purified from BALB/c and C57BL/6N antisera. Isoelectric focusing indicates that one of the group II hybridomas utilizes Vϰ1–3 and that related L chains are expressed in a major portion of group II serum antibodies. Other group I1 antibodies in antisera express different L chains, some of which are presently unidentified. However, isoelectric focusing analysis also indicates that the L chains of some group I1 hybridomas and serum antibodies are related to those found in the group I anti‐PC myelomas and group I hybridoma and serum antibodies. In addition, one hybridoma was found to utilize λ2. Thus, it appears that the anti‐PC antibodies with group II‐like fine specificity can utilize a variety of VL genes related to, or distinct from, those expressed in group I antibodies.


Although the crisis of health care in the United States is widely acknowledged- marked by poor health outcomes, high costs, unequal access, and widening health inequities--its structural underpinnings have not been adequately addressed and reformers have settled on promoting piecemeal measures to avoid disruption. The human right to health care offers an analytical and advocacy framework for shifting the health care reform debate from individualist, market-based approaches to the collective responsibility for health care as a public good based on an assessment of the health care reform proposals put foward during the U.S. 2008 presidential primaries, the article argues that the emerging consensus among Democrats and health care advocacy organizations on incremental, market-based reforms ignores issues of equity, participation, and accountability. Alternately, the newly popularized concept of shared responsibility would reconnect rights to responsibilities and thus reinforce the public obligation to protect and provide health care. The article concludes by introducing the Human Right to Health Program, run by the National Economic and Social Rights Initiative (NESRI) and the National Health Law Program (NHeLP), which seeks to advance the recognition of health care as a human right in the US by supporting grassroots partners and allies in their struggle for universal and equitable health care.


This project describes the data resources on arts organizations that are currently available to inform the efforts of policy makers, arts managers, and researchers working in the arts field. It assesses the adequacy of different data sources for identifying the population of arts and cultural organizations in a community. The report is based on a review of more than a dozen sources of information about arts and cultural organizations, interviews with researchers and data specialists, and an empirical study of arts organizations in three metropolitan areas - Philadelphia, Dallas-Fort Worth, and Minneapolis-St. Paul. The report concludes with recommendations for improving data quality and for establishing an ongoing national database on the arts sector.


An XML publish/subscribe system needs to filter a large number of queries over XML streams. Most existing systems only consider filtering the simple XPath statements. In this paper, we focus on filtering of the more complex generalized-tree-pattern (GTP) queries. Our filtering mechanism is based on a novel Tree-of-Path (TOP) encoding scheme, which compactly represents the path matches for the entire document. First, we show that the TOP encodings can be efficiently produced via a shared bottom-up path matching. Second, with the aid of this TOP encoding, we can (1) achieve polynomial time and space complexity for post processing, (2) avoid redundant predicate evaluations, (3) allow an efficient duplicate-free and merge join-based algorithm for merging multiple encoded path matches and (4) simplify the processing of GTP queries. Overall our approach maximizes the sharing opportunity across queries by exploiting the suffix as well as prefix sharing. At the same time, our TOP encodings allow efficient post processing for GTP queries. Extensive performance studies show that our GFilter solution not only achieves significantly better filtering performance than state-of-the-art algorithms, but also is capable of efficiently filtering the more complex GTP queries.


The term indigenous tends to be used for people who are already marginalised, while autochthonous is generally reserved for people who are dominant in a given area but fear future marginalisation. Anthropologists often sympathise with the former, while being highly critical of the latter, although a bitter debate opposes opponents and proponents of indigeneity and autochthony. We argue that the implicit criteria used in this debate need to be discussed explicitly if one wants to escape from the dead end in which the discussion finds itself today.


Over the last century, cities have been reconfigured to move cars around in the most efficient way. Road networks were first developed as military infrastructure, but soon became consumed by trade and commuters; driving the economy, and reconfiguring the city. The result is a landscape that can be difficult to navigate, without the density to be walkable, or supported by mass transit. Driving is not productive and prevents us from performing tasks that we value. The future concepts of autonomous vehicles are no longer based around driving, they are being re-imagined as our new Smartphone; always present, highly configurable and embedded into every aspect of our lives. Current developers of driverless vehicles place AI technologies, cloud mapping and embedded smart devices at the centre of their concepts in an attempt to create an intelligently filtered city. Developers of these technologies such as Google will play a central role in determining how this newly filtered city will be presented to us. The likes of Google will have the ability to subversively control vehicle movements and engagements within the city through their embedded autonomous technologies. By applying speculative design methods to urban data, how people and vehicles currently engage with the city, we can design and project the impact that autonomous technologies and their control protocols may have. Through speculative design methods this paper will use visualising techniques to communicate the findings. This will enable us to better understand the opportunities and challenges that such technologies may present to the city and its users. To understand where areas of conflict and redundancy in the city may exist and how our city may be reconfigured. The insights gained from this work could help to inform key stakeholders of the challenges that driverless cars present to cities of the future and their users.


This book invites readers to reconsider what they think they know about the opening chapters of the Book of Genesis, from the creation of the world, through the Garden of Eden, Cain and Abel, the Flood, and the Tower of Babel, to the introduction of Abraham. Edwin M. Good offers a new translation of and literary commentary on these chapters, approaching the material as an ancient Hebrew book. Rather than analyzing the chapters in light of any specific religious position, he is interested in what the stories say and how they work as stories, indications in them of their origins as orally performed and transmitted, and how they do and do not connect with one another. Everyone, from those intimately familiar with Genesis to those who have never read it before, will find something new in Genesis 1-11: Tales of the Earliest World.


Background: According to the experiments, neutrophils and microglial cells are the first to attend the early phase of events in inflammatory response to SCI. Those pilot cells are seen in the first 12-24 hours and disappear about 3-5 days. The neutrophil accumulation and activation are steered by many cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6. Neutrophils do accompany to the modulation of secondary injury mechanisms via neutrophil proteases and reactive oxygen molecules. When those processes are taken into account, depletion of neutrophils or depression of their functions may derive neuro-protection and neurological healing.
Purpose: To investigate the therapeutic and neuroprotective effects of Cyclosporin-A (CSA) on recovery processes using clinical and histopathological tests, which has not been used very frequently in clip compression spinal cord injury (SCI) models.
Material and Methods: Twenty-four Spraque-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: group 1 [Sham-control, n=8], group 2 [SCI+2 mL saline intramuscular (i.m.), n=8], group 3 [SCI+5 mg/kg CSA (i.p.) 1 h after SCI and for the following three days, n=8]. Rats were evaluated 1st, 3rd, 5th and 10th days after SCI, clinically by Drummond and Moore scale and under light microscopy and by TUNEL test; after scarification on 10th day.
Results: Clinical and histopathological results of treatment group were found significantly better than the results of the trauma group.
Conclusion: CSA can depress apoptosis and necrosis rates in a statistically significant manner and carry out the statistical difference in clinical results.


— Abai Kunanbayev is famous for being enlightener, composer, interpreter, social agent, philosopher, reformer, who wanted to enrich Kazakh literature by emergence with Russian and European culture, and also as a founder of Kazakh written literary language. Abai Kunanbayev was born in 1845 in East Kazakhstan area and passed away in 1904 in his hometown. His oeuvre absorbed and reflected all changes in the life of Kazakh society of the second half of XIX century. Because ХІХ century, especially its second half, was an important transition period for Kazakhstan, which radically changed traditional way of Kazakh society and predetermined further development in consequence of activation of Russian colonial policy and approval of commodity-money relations in Steppe Land.Abai Kunanbayev, besides Arabic and Persian common words and loanwords from Quran in his words of edification, had used a lot of words of Arabic, Persian, Latin, Russian, Nogai, Shaghatai, Polish, Greek, Turkish, which are used in the Kazakh language.


If every non-context-free rewriting rule of a context-sensitive (with erasing) grammar has as left context a string of terminal symbols and the left context is at least as long as the right context, then the language generated is context-free. If every non-context-free rewriting rule of a context-sensitive (with erasing) grammar has as left and right context strings of terminal symbols, then the language generated is context-free.