We present the analytical solution for the fluid motion inside a cylindrical tank whose angular velocity starts from rest and undergoes a harmonic oscillation. This problem, which has not yet been reported, is an extension to Stokes' second problem where the fluid motion is governed by an outer moving cylindrical boundary and a zero velocity condition at the cylinder center. Different from the flow on the outside of a cylinder, the cylinder radius has a large influence on the internal fluid motion. We show that the fluid approaches solid body rotation for cylinders with outer radii similar to the characteristic viscous length scale of the flow, whereas the motion approaches that of Stokes' original flat plate solution within very large cylinders. We detail both the transient starting condition and the quasi-steady fluid motion, which we present along with a particle image velocimetry experiment for validation. After decay of the initial startup transient, both quasi-steady analytical and experimental results predict that the oscillatory flow inside has an amplitude of velocity that decreases toward the center of the cylinder. The thickness of the Stokes layer, which is proportional to the penetration depth of the viscous wave, is altered by the size of the cylinder and/or the frequency of oscillation. We show that the penetration depth of the Stokes layer reaches its maximum thickness at intermediate cylinder sizes. The solution and results presented herein are potentially of value to describe the fluid motion in many applications where fluids are contained within cylindrical geometries.


The WNK-SPAK/OSR1 pathway has been shown to play a critical role in the regulation of ion homeostasis, and the maintenance of extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure. SPAK and OSR1, members of the MAP kinase family, phosphorylate and activate the cation chloride cotransporters NKCC1, NKCC2 and NCC. SPAK and OSR1 are themselves phosphorylated and activated by members of the WNK kinase family. We recently identified a kidney-specific (KS-) SPAK isoform (KS-SPAK) which inhibits phosphorylation of the N-terminus of NKCC2 by SPAK or OSR1
 in vitro
 . Since changes in NKCC2 phosphorylation status have been reported to incompletely correlate with changes in NKCC2 activity, we tested the ability of KS-SPAK to inhibit the activity of NKCC2 in
 Xenopus
 oocytes. First,
 86
 Rubidium (
 86
 Rb, equivalent to potassium) uptake experiments were performed under hypertonic (300mOsM) conditions, to maximally activate endogenous SPAK and OSR1 in oocytes. KS-SPAK decreased
 86
 Rb uptake to 38% of that of oocytes injected with NKCC2 alone, and this inhibition required the conserved carboxy-terminus of SPAK, which interacts with cation cotransporters and WNK kinases. We next tested the ability of KS-SPAK to inhibit the activity of endogenous NKCC1, and observed a 67% reduction in
 86
 Rb uptake compared with water-injected oocytes, similar to the 73% reduction observed with the NKCC1/NKCC2 inhibitor bumetanide. This inhibition likely involves effects on endogenous SPAK or OSR1, since under hypotonic (160mOSM) conditions, when SPAK is relatively inactive, KS-SPAK did not inhibit endogenous NKCC1 activity, whereas bumetanide still inhibited
 86
 Rb uptake by water-injected oocytes by 50%. Co-injection of KS-SPAK with SPAK only reversed KS-SPAK inhibition of endogenous NKCC2 activity by 50%, despite a co-injection ratio of SPAK:KS-SPAK of 15:1, suggesting the mechanism of KS-SPAK inhibition may not be simple competition for NKCC2 binding. Another SPAK isoform, SPAK2, which has been proposed to be kinase-inactive, did not inhibit activity of co-injected NKCC2 or endogenous NKCC1 at any tonicity. Together, these data show that KS-SPAK is a potent inhibitor of both NKCC1 and NKCC2 activity, whereas the other putative inhibitory isoform SPAK2 had no effect on their activity.


Whether on a weekend city break or a month-long trekking vacation, this handy litle guide will be your indispensable companion. Taking photos that really capture the essence of your time away is a real skill, and swamped with a multitude of choices, it can be hard to organise your time and focus on the shots that really matter. Written by Michael Freeman, one of the world's leading travel photographers, this portable mine of information takes a hands-on approach to travel photography, offering a comprehensive guide to planning and executing your trip. Advice covers everythingand includes:choosing what to photograph and how to do it, coping with challenging lighting conditions,and negotiating customs and security issues. The subjects section covers a diverse array of settings, including: safaris, deserts, diving, cycling, mountains and water. This ensures that, whatever situation you encounter, you have the information you need to take stunning shots right at your fingertips. The themes section takes a more conceptual approach, and is packed with invaluable advice on situations you may encounter: shooting, for example, worship scenes, markets, landscapes and light. There is even a section on reworking cliches, so you can visit the much-photographed sites of the world and come away with something truly unique. Packed with stunning shots, and rooted entirely in the photographers own experiences, this is a highly practical approach to a key area of photography, and an inspirational guide for photographers on the move everywhere. * Indispensable pocket-sizedguide to travelling with your digital SLR camera* Packed with stunning images, illustrating how and what to photograph* Written by Michael Freeman, one of the world's leading travel photographers


Environmental moderation of the level of genetic influence on children's reading disabilities was explored in a sample of 545 identical and fraternal twins (mean age 5 11.5 years). Parents' number of years of education, which is correlated with a broad range of en- vironmental factors related to reading development, was significantly related to the level of genetic influence on reading disability. Genetic influence was higher and environmental influence was lower among children whose parents had a high level of education, compared with children whose parents had a lower level of education. We discuss the implications of these results for behavior genetic and molecular genetic research, for the diagnosis and remediation of reading disabilities, and for policy in public education.


Enterprise Resource Planning systems are complex systems that integrate data and business processes. ERP implementations have been plagued with failure but ERP continues to be adopted and is expanding into new areas. This paper identifies frequently cited factors of success, describes them within the context of supporting evidence and compares identified factors with actual practice using two case studies. Successful ERP implementations begin with education that requires organizations to develop an understanding of their business processes and to map those processes to a fully integrated ERP system. The focus should be on improving the way an organization conducts business by exploiting the capabilities of ERP and recognizing the dynamism of an enterprise initiative that represents change.


This study shows how stakeholders influence the development of community renewable energy (CRE) schemes and how they are influenced by their outcome. It relies on information collected during 41 structured interviews with local people involved in CRE initiatives in seven regions of Europe. The interviews were thematically analysed to identify different types of stakeholder influence. The findings show that stakeholder influence on CRE schemes take place at three distinct levels: macro, intercommunity and intracommunity. In addition, key stakeholders can support or hinder the development of a project according to whether or not they perceive that the output of the project may benefit or harm them. The study contributes to the research on local renewable energy (RE) development by showing how stakeholders take on multiple roles and how their roles may change from process to outcome. Furthermore, the study reveals the importance of two stakeholder groups: intermediary organizations and local champions. These were groups whose positive influence was crucial in the implementation phase and for whom ad hoc policy could be established.


The prognostic value of the thought disorders in seventy one hospitalized schizophrenic patients was examined. The thought disorders were evaluated with the TLC scale of Andreasen and the autcome with the Strauss-Carpenter scale, the GAF (past year) and a clinical global prognose. The results shown that the presence as well as the severity of thought disorders are associated with pour autcome. That relation was strongest with the Strauss-Carpenter scale and when distinction between positive and negative thought disorder was done.


Turbidite beds and pyroclastic density current deposits commonly show abrupt internal changes in grain size with stepwise upward fining. Grain-size breaks divide a turbidite bed into a lower sandy zone, a middle silty zone, and an upper muddy zone. Zone boundaries need not correspond with Bouma division boundaries, but the sandy zone usually consists of A, B, and occasionally C divisions, the silty zone is composed of one or more of the B, C, and D divisions, and the muddy zone correlates with division E. Pyroclastic density current deposits likewise display a tripartite zonation with prominent grain-size breaks. Divergence of particle-laden gravity currents into a lower dense body and an upper dilute turbulent wake can explain the formation of the lower grain-size break. Fine particles are elutriated into the wake region by ambient entrainment through the current head, while coarse grains are transported in the body. Particle size and concentration stratification is sustained by the turbulence and velocity structure of gravity currents, with a velocity maximum and turbulence minimum also dividing currents into two regions. Two stages of deposition result. The upper grain-size break may be produced by buoyant lofting, with fine particles convected into the water column or atmosphere as the flow wanes.


Objective The purpose of this study was to report our preliminary experience with endovascular treatment (EVT) for life-threatening bleeding from branches of the external carotid artery (ECA) in patients with traumatic maxillofacial fractures. Materials and Methods A total of 12 patients seen between March 2010 and December 2014 were included in this study. All subjects met the following criteria: 1) presence of maxillofacial fracture; 2) continuous blood loss from oronasal bleeding; and 3) EVT to stop bleeding. Various clinical factors were recorded for each patient and the correlations between those factors and clinical outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale, GOS) were evaluated. Results Four patients were injured in traffic accidents, five in falls, and three by assaults. Mean initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was 6.9 ± 2.1 and the lowest hemoglobin measured was mean 6.3 ± 0.9 g/dL. GOS at discharge was 4 in five patients, 3 in three patients, and 1 (death) in four patients. GOS on follow-up (mean 13.7 months) was 5 in two patients, 4 in three patients, and 3 in three patients. Initial GCS (p = 0.016), lowest systolic blood pressure (p = 0.011), and lowest body temperature (p = 0.012) showed a significant positive correlation with good clinical outcomes. The number of units of red blood cells transfused (p = 0.030), the number of units of fresh frozen plasma transfused (p = 0.013), and the time from arrival to groin puncture (p < 0.001) showed significant negative correlation with good clinical outcomes. Conclusion It might be suggested that rapid transition to EVT could be preferable to struggling with other rescue strategies to stop life-threatening bleeding from branches of the ECA in patients with traumatic maxillofacial fractures.


The objective of this study was to record edible herbs and fruits derived from home gardens in Lefke, Cyprus and in addition to determine the local residents' knowledge of medicinal uses of home growing plants within their home gardens. This study was performed in old Turkish Cypriot town Lefke, Cyprus. During the surveys between November 2016 and February 2017 the fruit and edible herb production was documented and standard interviews were performed with garden owners. A total number of nine herb and 20 fruit tree species were determined during the surveys. The most widely used herb was mint (Menhta spicata L.) followed by Origanum (Origanum majorona L.). Almost all home garden owners were aware of the health benefits of mint. The most widely used fruits were lemons (Citrus x limon) and oranges (Citrus x aurantium). The residents were aware of the Vitamin C content and health benefits of these fruits. However, almost all recorded fruit species were used for culinary purposes rather than their medicinal uses. Through this research, the role of Cypriot home gardens for traditionally grown herb and fruit plants and their effect on cultural-ecological socialization as well as their health benefits were determined.


The central research question addressed in this paper is 'How do companies and their auditors resolve important audit issues?' In-depth interviews are conducted with the audit partners and finance directors of a varied group of six major UK listed companies who had recently experienced audit interactions involving 22 significant accounting issues. A grounded theory model is developed of the negotiation process and the factors that influence the nature of the outcome of interactions. This model identifies, as principal analytical categories, a range of general relationship factors and specific accounting issue factors that influence aspects of the negotiation process. These aspects include the parties involved, the strategies adopted, the quality of the financial reporting outcome and the ease with which it is achieved. A secondary outcome of the research is that distinct categories of audit engagement partner are identified, termed the crusader, the safe pair of hands, the accommodator and the truster.


In this paper, we describe the SALTO tool. It was originally developed for the annotation of semantic roles in the frame semantics paradigm, but can be used for graphical annotation of treebanks with general relational information in a simple drag-and-drop fashion. The tool additionally supports corpus management and quality control.


This study analyses relative sectoral specialisation of EU regions on the basis of investment and employment patterns. Controlling for heteroscedasticity and potential endogeneity in the econometric analysis, we find that relative specialisation in manufacturing sectors is higher in central regions. Relative specialisation in services sectors, instead, is stronger in administrative centres as well as peripheral regions. A higher local level of sectoral economies of scale and of productivity strongly increases relative investments in manufacturing sectors. Lower (higher) regional labour costs attract, in particular, higher relative employment shares in labour-intensive (human capital-intensive) sectors.


Playing rugby union matches causes a number of fatigue responses, including reduced lower body neuromuscular function (NMF) (commonly measured by counter movement jump (CMJ))(1). The time course of this response following match play is well established in professional (2) and academy (3) level rugby union players, who take at least 60 hours for NMF to recover. No data exist for high school level rugby union players, but these players are often exposed to multiple game tournaments and festivals (2 games in 3 days, or 3 games in 5 days) within their competition structures. Aim. The aim of this case study is to document the NMF response to playing three rugby union matches within five days. This will provide useful information to practitioners who must manage fatigue and recovery of youth rugby union players who play multiple games within short time periods.


Traditional genetic studies of single traits may be unable to detect the pleiotropic effects involved in complex diseases. To detect the correlation that exists between several phenotypes involved in the same biological process, we introduce an original methodology to analyze sets of correlated phenotypes involved in the coagulation cascade in genome-wide association studies. The methodology consists of a two-stage process. First, we define new phenotypic meta-variables (linear combinations of the original phenotypes), named metaphenotypes, by applying Independent Component Analysis for the multivariate analysis of correlated phenotypes (i.e. the levels of coagulation pathway–related proteins). The resulting metaphenotypes integrate the information regarding the underlying biological process (i.e. thrombus/clot formation). Secondly, we take advantage of a family based Genome Wide Association Study to identify genetic elements influencing these metaphenotypes and consequently thrombosis risk. Our study utilized data from the GAIT Project (Genetic Analysis of Idiopathic Thrombophilia). We obtained 15 metaphenotypes, which showed significant heritabilities, ranging from 0.2 to 0.7. These results indicate the importance of genetic factors in the variability of these traits. We found 4 metaphenotypes that showed significant associations with SNPs. The most relevant were those mapped in a region near the HRG, FETUB and KNG1 genes. Our results are provocative since they show that the KNG1 locus plays a central role as a genetic determinant of the entire coagulation pathway and thrombus/clot formation. Integrating data from multiple correlated measurements through metaphenotypes is a promising approach to elucidate the hidden genetic mechanisms underlying complex diseases.


The problem of object recognition has not yet been solved in its general form. The most successful approach to it so far relies on object models obtained by training a statistical method on visual features obtained from camera images. The images must necessarily come from huge visual datasets, in order to circumvent all problems related to changing illumination, point of view, etc. We hereby propose to also consider, in an object model, a simple model of how a human being would grasp that object (its affordance). This knowledge is represented as a function mapping visual features of an object to the kinematic features of a hand while grasping it. The function is practically enforced via regression on a human grasping database. After describing the database (which is publicly available) and the proposed method, we experimentally evaluate it, showing that a standard object classifier working on both sets of features (visual and motor) has a significantly better recognition rate than that of a visual-only classifier.


Background Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common disease in children. Approximately 3-5% of girls and 1 % of boys develop a UTI. In children, prompt treatment is essential because UTI may be a risk factor for developing renal insufficiency or end stage renal disease. Howevet; prompt treatment depends on having a rapid diagnosis. Urine dipstick testis a useful and commonly used because it is low cost and gives rapid results, compared to urine cultures for diagnosing UTis. However, the diagnostic accuracy of the urine dipstick test is debatable. Objective To compare urine dipstick test (leukocyte esterase, nitrite, and combined leukocyte es terase and nitrite) to urine culture for diagnosing UTis. Methods A diagnostic study was held in H. Adam Malik Hospital from May to June 2010. There were 70 children aged 2 to 14 years and recruited by consecutive sampling. Two midstream urine specimens were collected from subjects after cleaning the external urethral orifice. The first specimen was used for urine dipstick testing for leukocyte esterase and nitrite. The second urine specimen was cultured in the laboratory. Urinalysis for leukocyte esterase and nitrite studies were performed with fresh and uncentrifuged urine. Leukocyte esteras e and nitrite caused a change in dipstick color apparent within 2 minutes. Urinalyses were considered to be positive for UTI if either leukocyte esterase or nitrite were positive. The results of urine culture were used as the golden standard. Results The sensitivities of leukocyte esterase and nitrate tests were 90 .5% and 73.8%, respectively. However, the sensitivity for combined leukocyte esterase and nitrite test was 96.4%. Nitrite test was more specific (60.7%) than the leukocyte esterase test (39.3%). The specificity of both tests taken together was 64.3% . For leukocyte esterase alone, nitrate alone, and the two combined the positive predictive values (PPV) were 69.1 %, 73.8%, and 64.3.%, respectively, and the negative predictive values (NPV) were 73.3%, 60.7%, and 96.4%, respectively. Conclusion Urine dipstick test for leukocyte esterase and nitrite combined may be a good alternative diagnostic test for UTis in children than leukocyte esterase or nitrite by themselves in areas with limited resources.


Abstract Objective: To determine the relative efficacy in general practice of dietary advice given by a dietitian, a practice nurse, or a diet leaflet alone in reducing total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration. Design: Randomised six month parallel trial. Setting: A general practice in Oxfordshire. Subjects: 2004 subjects aged 35-64 years were screened for hypercholesterolaemia; 163 men and 146 women with a repeat total cholesterol concentration of 6.0-8.5 mmol/l entered the trial. Interventions: Individual advice provided by a dietitian using a diet history, a practice nurse using a structured food frequency questionnaire, or a detailed diet leaflet sent by post. All three groups were advised to limit the energy provided by fat to 30% or less and to increase carbohydrate and dietary fibre. Main outcome measures: Concentrations of total cholesterol and low density and high density lipoprotein cholesterol after six months; antioxidant concentration and body mass index. Results: No significant differences were found at the end of the trial between groups in mean concentrations of lipids, lipoproteins, and antioxidants or body mass index. After data were pooled from the three groups, the mean total cholesterol concentration fell by 1.9% (0.13 mmol/l, 95% confidence interval 0.06 to 0.22, P<0.001) to 7.00 mmol/l, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol also fell. The total carotenoid concentration increased by 53 nmol/l (95% confidence interval 3.0 to 103, P=0.039). Conclusions: Dietary advice is equally effective when given by a dietitian, a practice nurse, or a diet leaflet alone but results in only a small reduction in total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. To obtain a better response more intensive intervention than is normally available in primary care is probably necessary. Key messages Key messages In this study dietary advice had only a modest effect on lipid and lipoprotein concentrations Personalised advice from a nurse or dietitian was no more effective than a detailed diet leaflet Antioxidant concentrations increased slightly, but this requires further study A mass approach to dietary change is needed to produce significant change


The ADTRP gene encodes the androgen-dependent TFPI-regulating protein and is a susceptibility gene for contrary artery disease (CAD). We performed global gene expression profiling for ADTRP knock-down using microarrays in human HepG2 cells. Follow-up real-time RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that ADTRP knock-down regulates a diverse set of genes, including upregulation of seven histone genes, downregulation of multiple cell cycle genes (CCND1, CDK4, and CDKN1A), and upregulation of apoptosis genes (CASP7 and PDCD2) in HepG2 cells and endothelial cells. Consistently, ADTRP increases the number of S phase cells during cell cycle, promotes cell proliferation, and inhibits apoptosis. Our study provides novel insights into the function of ADTRP and biological pathways involving ADTRP, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of CAD.


Nanocomposites of vertically aligned zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod arrays incorporated with gold (Au) nanoparticles have been used as photoelectrodes to fabricate dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Due to the surface plasmon resonance of the Au nanoparticles, the nanocomposite photoelectrodes demonstrate enhancement in the visible light absorption resulting in ~8% higher photocurrent compared to ZnO photoelectrode based DSSCs fabricated without any Au nanoparticles. In addition to the higher optical absorption due to the gold nanoparticles, a Schottky barrier forms at the ZnO/Au interface preventing the back electron transfer from the conduction band of the semiconductor nanorods to the redox electrolyte providing improvement in the charge separation at the nanocomposite photoelectrode. Upon incorporation of Au nanoparticles, the overall efficiency of the DSSC increased from 2.41% to 3.27%. The role of Au nanoparticles on the performance of the DSSCs for varying concentration of the Au nanoparticles as well as the post-growth annealing treatment of the nanocomposite photoelectrode is reported.


RNAi usually relies on Dicer-produced siRNAs to induce gene silencing. In many arthropods, another type of RNAi is present in the soma—the piRNA pathway. This work finds exploiting this biology is a viable alternative for gene knockdown. RNAi promises to reshape pest control by being nontoxic, biodegradable, and species specific. However, due to the plastic nature of RNAi, there is a significant variability in responses. In this study, we investigate small RNA pathways and processing of ingested RNAi trigger molecules in a hemipteran plant pest, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Unlike Drosophila, where the paradigm for insect RNAi technology was established, whitefly has abundant somatic piwi-associated RNAs (piRNAs). Long regarded as germline restricted, piRNAs are common in the soma of many invertebrates. We sought to exploit this for a novel gene silencing approach. The main principle of piRNA biogenesis is the recruitment of target RNA fragments into the pathway. As such, we designed synthetic RNAs to possess complementarity to the loci we annotated. Following feeding of these exogenous piRNA triggers knockdown as effective as conventional siRNA-only approaches was observed. These results demonstrate a new approach for RNAi technology that could be applicable to dsRNA-recalcitrant pest species and could be fundamental to realizing insecticidal RNAi against pests.


Introduction Nowadays, work disability is one of the biggest social and labour market challenges for policy makers in almost all OECD countries. Understanding of factors associated with long-term work disability may be helpful to identify groups of individuals at risk for disability benefit entitlement or continuing eligibility, and to develop effective interventions for these groups. The purpose of this study is to give insight into the main diagnoses of workers who qualify for disability benefit and how these diagnoses differ between age groups, gender and educational level. Moreover, using a 5 year follow-up period, we study the duration of the disability benefit and examine how durations differ between individuals with different characteristics. Methods Our study population consisted of 31 733 individuals receiving a disability benefit from the Dutch Social Security Agency (SSA). Data were collected from the databases of the SSA. Disorders were assessed by an insurance physician at application. We tested for differences in socio-demographics, main diagnoses and comorbidity for those entering and leaving disability benefits. Result Mental disorders were most often registered as the main diagnosis for work disability. Diagnoses differed between age groups and educational level categories. For younger and higher educated individuals mental disorders was the main diagnosis for work disability, and for older and lower educated individuals physical disorders (mainly musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and cancer). Five years after approval, 82% still received disability benefits. Outflow was lowest for individuals with (multiple) mental disorders and individuals with comorbidity of mental and physical disorders, and highest for individuals with (multiple) physical disorders. Conclusion The main diagnosis for persons entitled to disability benefits was mental health problems, especially for young women. In a five-year follow-up, claim duration for disability benefits was long lasting for most claimants.


PURPOSE
This scoping review focused on what can be learned from oral health professionals' (OHCPs) efforts to provide screenings for medical conditions in the dental setting that could guide strategies for addressing childhood obesity.

METHODS
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Grey Literature, and CINAHL were searched (limitation English language). Search terms covered OHCPs and various oral systemic conditions of interest (details provided in the paper. Nineteen unduplicated, relevant articles were categorized based on relationship to question.

RESULTS
Screening for diabetes and heart disease risk in the dental setting has been shown to be effective and patients and providers are willing to participate, although not yet routinely implemented. Screening/counseling for tobacco-cessation has been shown to be effective, but few (<10 percent) OHCPs provided this activity or received tobacco cessation training. For obesity screening/counseling, the majority of dentists (82 percent) reported they would be more willing to offer this service if obesity were directly related to oral disease. The one healthy weight intervention pilot study was well received by caregivers/patients and resulted in improved food choices. Successful implementation included a dedicated staff member, the dental hygienist. Lack of adequate training was a commonly reported barrier for all of these conditions; in addition, for obesity screening/counseling fear of appearing judgmental, and fear of patient rejection were also commonly reported.

CONCLUSIONS
Systematic studies are needed building on existing literature and exploring best implementation practices. Enhanced training is needed on relationship of oral health and systemic health and OHCPs' role.


This paper explores the use of Spirographs to display data from Twitter feeds. The authors first identified particularly interesting Spirograph patterns and gave them flower names reminiscent of their visual features. They then further investigated one particular scenario using customized Spirograph patterns: the visualization of Twitter data during an academic conference. The resulting visualization is appealing and efficiently shows the distribution of tweet data over time, including trends over both shorter and longer time spans. These early results show that Spirographs have an effective attractiveness and structural features that make them a perfect candidate for the ambient display of temporal data.


This study sought to determine the role of the coracoacromial ligament and related arch structures in glenohumeral joint stabilization. Eight fresh-frozen cadaver specimens were tested at multiple angles of glenohumeral abduction and rotation for translations (in the direction of and perpendicular to a 50-N force) in intact, vented shoulders and after three interventions: coracoacromial veil release, coracoacromial ligament release, and anterior acromioplasty. After releasing the veil, an inferior force significantly increased inferior translation at lower angles of abduction with no additional increase after coracoacromial ligament section or acromioplasty. After ligament release or acromioplasty, a superior force increased superior translation at all angles. Few increases in anterior or posterior translations were observed. The coracoacromial veil interacts with the structures of the coracoacromial arch and glenohumeral capsule to limit inferior humeral translation. Likewise, the coracoacromial ligament and the acromian serve to limit superior translation. Attempts to preserve these structures may help improve surgical outcomes.


In this study, the relationship between student study strategies and performance in Introductory Psychology was examined. Eighty-eight students in three sections of Introductory Psychology at a Midwestern university in the United States completed a demographic questionnaire and the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory-2nd edition (LASSI-2) during class time within the first two weeks of the semester. The relationships between LASSI-2 subscales and a variety of achievement variables (high school GPA, college GPA, ACT score) as well as final grade in the course were explored. A discriminant analysis indicated that the Motivation subscale was the most important discriminator between students who were successful in Introductory Psychology (as measured by a grade of A and B) versus those who were unsuccessful (as measured by a grade of D or F). These results highlight the importance of considering motivational factors in introductory courses. ********** Considering the challenges many students face during the transition from the high school to the college academic environment, it is important for educators to be able to identify those students who are most likely to struggle during this transitional period. Typically, global measures of academic achievement such as standardized achievement test scores (ACT, SAT) and high school grade point average are used to identify students who may be at-risk during the transition to college academics. Although useful, the identification of other characteristics (study skills, learning styles) that are predictors of difficulties in transition is an important research goal. In this study, we examined the usefulness of a popular study skills instrument, the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI)--2nd Edition (Weinstein & Palmer, 2002), for predicting performance in a common first year course, Introductory Psychology. Only a few studies have examined the LASSI--2nd Edition (Prevatt, Petscher, Proctor, Hurst, & Adams, 2006; Proctor, Prevatt, Adams, Hurst, & Petscher, 2006), and Cano (2006) notes that studies examining the relationships between the LASSI and academic performance are especially needed. Research on the Relationship between Study Skills and Academic Performance The relationship between various predictors and academic success in college has been examined in a number of studies. In a recent meta-analysis, Robbins et al. (2004) examined the influence of psychosocial and study skills factors on academic performance (GPA). The best predictors of performance were academic self-efficacy and achievement motivation. In addition, study skills such as time management, utilizing information, and taking notes in class were important for academic success. Although study skills are obviously an important precursor for academic success, effective studying is actually a complex activity. Plant, Ericsson, Hill, and Asberg (2005) reviewed research indicating that study time alone is a poor predictor of how well students will perform in college courses. Instead of study time, a combination of factors including previous achievement, academic ability, self-regulation, and quality of study appear to be crucial for predicting college course performance. Rather than merely exhorting students to "study more," it seems imperative to help students study more effectively during their actual study time. Predicting Academic Performance in Introductory Psychology Researchers have studied a number of variables that may help predict performance in introductory psychology, although none of these studies have used the LASSI as a measure of study skills. Gurung (2005) surveyed students in Introductory Psychology regarding their use of 11 different study techniques. The three most frequently used study techniques were reading the text, reading notes, and using mnemonics. Although these techniques were correlated with exam performance, they were not the strongest predictors. …


1. The fluorescent fatty acid probe 11-(dansylamino)undecanoic acid binds to rat liver fatty acid-binding protein with a 1:1 stoichiometry. 2. The binding of the fluorescent probe is competitive with long-chain fatty acids. 3. Binding displacement studies were performed with a wide range of fatty acids and other ligands and identified C16 and C18 fatty acids as the preferred fatty acids for rat liver fatty acid-binding protein. No preference was observed for unsaturated fatty acids within this group. 4. Fatty acyl-CoA binds less well than the corresponding fatty acid.


The results of stereo Particle-Image-Velocimetry measurements are presented in this paper to gain further insight into the wake of a finite width Gurney flap. It is attached to an FX 63-137 airfoil which is known for a very good performance at low Reynolds numbers and is therefore used for small wind turbines and is most appropriate for tests in the low speed wind tunnel presented in this study. The Gurney flaps are a promising concept for load control on wind turbines but can have adverse side effects, e.g. shedding of additional vortices. The investigation focuses on frequencies and velocity distributions in the wake as well as on the structure of the induced tip vortices. Phase averaged velocity fields are derived of a Proper-Orthogonal-Decomposition based on the stereo PIV measurements. Additional hot-wire measurements were conducted to analyze the fluctuations downstream of the finite width Gurney flaps. Experiments indicate a general tip vortex structure that is independent from flap length but altered by the periodic shedding downstream of the flap.The influence of Gurney flaps on a small wind turbine is investigated by simulating a small 40 kW turbine in Q-Blade. They can serve as power control without the need of an active pitch system and the starting performance is additionally improved. The application of Gurney flaps imply tonal frequencies in the wake of the blade. Simulation results are used to estimate the resulting frequencies. However, the solution of Gurney flaps is a good candidate for large scale wind turbine implementation as well. A FAST simulation of the NREL 5MW turbine is used to generate realistic time series of the lift. The estimations of control capabilities predict a reduction in the standard deviation of the lift of up to 65%. Therefore finite width Gurney flaps are promising to extend the lifetime of future wind turbines.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


Globally, more than a billion people, approximately 15 percent of the world's population, or one in seven persons, have disabilities. Of those, 80 percent live in developing countries. This number is expected to increase as the prevalence of disability is impacted by disease, war and conflict, natural disasters, and road traffic injuries, among other factors. In addition, persons over the age of 60 comprise 12 percent of the world's population; that proportion is set to rise over 20 percent by 2050. There is a strong correlation between aging and the onset of disability. Persons with disabilities make up a sizable portion of the 2.4 billion people who still lack access to sanitation, and the 663 million who lack access to safe drinking water. Although there are inadequate data to assess the exact number of persons with disabilities who face water scarcity and lack of access, there is evidence that points to the relative marginalization and invisibility of this population in water sector development programs. A 2011–12 survey of 16 Area Development Programs run by World Vision in Ethiopia showed that 96.6 percent of people with disabilities and the elderly faced difficulties in accessing basic water facilities. The note collates recommended strategies and practices in disability-inclusive development programming. It identifies entry points for disability-inclusive water operations in World Bank Group–supported programs, projects and advisory services, and analytics. Case studies, including World Bank Group and external examples, are provided to highlight the use of recommended practices. In addition, the annexes list several technical assistance resources to support task teams and clients in ensuring that infrastructure and services are inclusive of persons with disabilities.


The stability of magnetic field induced strain (MFIS) in Ni52Mn24Ga24 single crystal under temperature and magnetic field cycling is investigated and the corresponding micro-mechanism is also discussed. It shows that the saturated MFIS is very sensitive to temperature. Below martensitic transformation temperature(Tm), with increasing temperature, the saturated MFIS increases almost linearly. Besides, the saturated MFIS initially decreases with increasing the field cycling number less than four times, then does not change with further increasing the number of field cycles. The decrease of saturated MFIS can be attributed to the decrease of twin boundary mobility, which is related to the crystal defect introduced by immigration of twin boundary under field cycling.


High temperature has negative impact on the performance, reliability and lifespan of a system on chip. During testing, the chip can be overheated due to a substantial increase of switching activities and concurrent tests in order to reduce test application time. This paper discusses several issues related to the thermal problem during SoC testing. It will then present a thermal-aware SoC test scheduling technique to generate the shortest test schedule such that the temperature constraints of individual cores and the constraint on the test-bus bandwidth are satisfied. In order to avoid overheating during the test, we partition test sets into shorter test sub-sequences and add cooling periods in between. Further more, we interleave the test sub-sequences from different test sets in such a manner that the test-bus bandwidth reserved for one core is utilized during its cooling period for the test transportation and application of the other cores. We have developed a heuristic to minimize the test application time by exploring alternative test partitioning and interleaving schemes with variable length of test sub-sequences and cooling periods. Experimental results have shown the efficiency of the proposed heuristic.


The results are given of environmental and clinical investigations in four card rooms where one of the latest systems of exhaust ventilation to control dust has been installed. The concentration of air-borne coarse dust particles, larger than 2 mm., was reduced by between 80% and 90% around the carding engines. The card rooms consequently looked less dusty. However, the concentrations of medium and fine sized dust particles were not always reduced and were actually increased in some places. In one mill, when the new control system had been running for three years, there was found to be no reduction in the prevalence of non-specific chest symptoms, and there was an increase in the number of those with chest tightness on Mondays, a symptom characteristic of byssinosis. Evidence is given of a similar failure to reduce the dust sufficiently in three other mills where the same exhaust system is installed. There is an urgent need to extend the limited investigations reported here to a larger number of mills. Meanwhile there is a continuing morbidity and mortality from byssinosis. Until work in card rooms has been made safe and proved to be so, it is necessary to have regular measurement of dust conditions and for the workers to have periodical medical examinations to enable managements to be advised about the hazards in their mills and advice to be given to the individuals affected by the dust.


SnO2:F transparent conductive thin films with the area of 500×500mm2 were deposited on glass substrates by spray pyrolysis using SnCl4•5H2O and HF as the starting material and dopant respectively in methanol. The effects of HF concentration on the crystallized status, microstructures, transmittance, conductivity and low emissivity performances of the films have been studied. The results indicated that when HF content was excessive the solution presented strong acidity and it was difficult to obtain the uniform and dense films. However, when HF content was less, the conductivity of the film was poor. In this paper, The optimal mount of dopant HF was investigated and the molar ratio of Sn to F is 1:0.5. And also the uniform and dense SnO2:F transparent conductive oxide thin films can be obtained, whose resistivity reached 6.36×10-4Ω•cm, and the average transmittance in visible region was 80%.The low emissivity of this film was 0.25, which could be used as the Low-E glass.


We propose that an optically excited heavy hole in a quantum dot can drive the surrounding nuclear spins into a quiescent collective state, leading to significantly prolonged coherence time for the electron spin qubit. This provides a general paradigm to combat decoherence by environmental control without involving the active qubit in quantum information processing. It also serves as a unified solution to some open problems brought about by two recent experiments [X. Xu et al., Nature 459, 1105 (2009) and C. Latta et al., Nature Phys. 5, 758 (2009)].


Effect of structure parameter n and its coupling with the connection mode among RuO6 octahedra of Srn+1RunO3n+1 (n = 1, 2, ?) are investigated. The gradually enhanced rotation and tilting effect with increasing n are observed in Srn+1RunO3n+1. Besides, the chemical valence of Ru is not changed, while the one of Sr gradually varies with increasing n, which highlights the great contribution of connection mode to the chemical environment. Our results show a strong n dependence on the connection mode between octahedra in Srn+1RunO3n+1 (n = 1, 2, ?).


Taban Lo Liyong sees the task of the African writer as one of "reconstructing Africa from the imperial wreck of the last two thousand seasons" (Liyong 1990, 171). The erosion of the African culture by modernization and colonialism has deprived indigenous peoples of their religions, their traditions, their mores, and in some cases their languages. It is not clear, though, what form Liyong's "reconstruction" is to take. Other commentators, like the Nigerian poet Tanure Ojaide, seem more specific in demanding that the African artist should take a moral, political line in asserting that his/her active role is to "remedy a bad situation" (Ojaide 1994, 17). The object would be to purify an African way of life that has been tainted by invasive, self-gratifying, materialistic attitudes. But, again, what is that "remedy" to be? While recognition of Africa's postcolonial malaise is widespread, and its cause axiomatically and correctly assigned to the experience of colonialism, African writers have been somewhat tentative in suggesting what exactly it is that should be done. It is one thing to identify a problem, and to express it in the most forthright or damning terms, but quite another to locate and postulate the possible means for its resolution.

The two Ghanaian artists whose work this paper addresses, Ayi Kwei Armah and Ama Ata Aidoo, have been all too frequently accused of the pessimistic recitation of African ills. Molly Mahood has spoken of the "almost total disillusionment" (Fraser 1980, 15) of Armah's The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born; and Liyong has described the work as one of those "tearing down exercises" (Liyong 1990, 176). Adeola James has identified a "certain somberness" (James 1990, 17) and Arlene Elder a "pessimism" (Elder 1987, 117) in Aidoo's short stories; and Femi Ojo-Ade has styled the Ghana of No Sweetness Here as "hell" (Oje-Ade 1987, 174). The optimistic dimensions of their work have often gone unnoticed. Even contemporary readings that have attempted to soften the gloom of the two texts have sought in some way to qualify their observations. Tsegaye Wodajo's excellent study of five Armah novels, Hope in the Midst of Despair: A Novelist's Cures for Africa (2005), perceives The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born as a literature of protest that finds a hopeful riposte in the later novels. And while Nanna Jane Opoku-Agyemang's fine 1999 essay brings a valuable comparative dimension to No Sweetness Here, her insights fail to lift the pall of despair that is customarily judged to hang over this collection of eleven stories.

This paper will argue that Aidoo's No Sweetness Here and Armah's The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born offer greater scope for optimism than many critics have hitherto suggested; and that both articulate a process of purification that actively opposes the dystopian settings of their respective narratives.


The challenges facing agriculture in the coming decades are daunting. Recent research suggests that the impacts of climate change on agriculture and food systems may be wider-ranging than previously understood. Can feasible pathways to a food secure and sustainable future be identified? The scale of change required to meet the sustainable development goals, including those of no poverty, zero hunger and the urgent action needed to address climate change, will necessitate the transformation of local and global food systems. We identify eight elements of a theory of change to drive such transformation and highlight four pathways by which transformation may occur. We conclude with some suggestions for 'business unusual' for agricultural research for development.


Fruit production and consumption have increased considerably in the past few decades in Taiwan. Market prices of fruits fluctuate in response to seasonality, changes in production costs, imports and exports, and demand. Some factors are more influential to fruit price changes. This research utilizes the Vector Autoregressive Model to analyze effects of exogenous shocks to market prices of fruits. Dynamic models were developed for bananas, grapes, guavas, papayas, pineapples, and watermelons. For the market of bananas, prices of pesticides have delayed positive effects; an increase of watermelon prices raises the prices of bananas; prices of banana exports explain some variations of domestic banana prices. For the market of grapes, income, interest rates, and prices of pesticides positively affect the prices of grapes; prices of imported grapes have delayed influences to domestic grape prices; and costs of labor inputs explain some changes of grape prices. For the market of guavas, changes of labor costs and prices of pesticides have negative effects to the prices of guavas, which indicate increases in production costs are not reflected to market prices of guavas. For the market of papayas, prices of pesticides have negative effects, also indicate market prices of papayas cannot reflect increases in production costs. For the market of pineapples, interest rates and prices of pesticides have delayed positive effects to prices of pineapples; an increase of banana prices slightly lowers pineapple prices. For the market of watermelons, income has negative effects to the prices of watermelons, which implies demand of watermelons does not expand as income increases; prices of watermelons are responsive to changes in prices of machinery and interest rates.


Studies using an Information Integration approach have shown that children from four years have a good intuitive understanding of probability and expected value. Experience of skill-related uncertainty may provide one naturalistic opportunity to develop this intuitive understanding. To test the viability of this view, 16 5- and 16 7-year-olds played a marble rolling game in which size of the target and distance from it varied factorially. Task difficulty judgements (prior to practical experience with the game) reflected both objective task structure and subsequent performance for both age groups. Children then judged how happy they would be playing games of variable difficulty for different prizes. These judgements had the multiplicative structure predicted by the normative expected value model, again for both age groups. Thus children can use task difficulties as estimates of personal success probability in skill-related tasks. Our findings therefore extend previous work on early probability understanding from games of chance to games of skill.


Microfinance has become a global tool in providing financial support for the world's most vulnerable. Unfortunately, a lack of stable income sources for these populations results in high rates of default, and thus, high interest rates attached to microfinance loans to compensate. Social enterprises and large corporations alike have launched micro-distribution initiatives that seek to provide local communities with means of transportation along with commercial products through microfinance loans, and in turn, these 'micro-entrepreneurs' distribute finished goods in order to overcome the high cost of last-mile distribution for the corporation. While this model has been typically utilized for retail businesses, given the drastic need for healthcare and the lack of existing infrastructure in many rural places across the globe, we propose incorporating this model to improve healthcare access. Specifically, we propose the creation of a platform that mobilizes and trains the large population of unemployed youth in South Africa to become community health-workers and complete deliveries of chronic medicines from pharmacies to individual households. This model has the potential to not only make a large impact in improving healthcare outcomes but can also be financially sustainable and profitable if deployed correctly.


Frequently changing machining operations are a characteristic feature in one-off and small batch size production and require a high degree of flexibility in the production processes and facilities. Process monitoring systems applied in such a production environment have to be able to supply reliable process information under varying machining conditions. Therefore, generic and flexible monitoring solutions are needed, adaptable to the requirements of specific machining applications with minimum efforts. In this paper the requirements for such generic and flexible monitoring approaches are critically discussed. In the second part, monitoring strategies for a process state analysis in face milling, end milling and drilling operations is described, adaptable to varying machining conditions by combining several sensing and evaluation methods.


In this paper, we analyse the generalization ability of binary classifiers for the task of deepfake detection. We find that the stumbling block to their generalization is caused by the unexpected learned identity representation on images. Termed as the Implicit Identity Leakage, this phenomenon has been qualitatively and quantitatively verified among various DNNs. Furthermore, based on such understanding, we propose a simple yet effective method named the ID-unaware Deepfake Detection Model to reduce the influence of this phenomenon. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art in both in-dataset and cross-dataset evaluation. The code is available at https://github.com/megvii-research/CADDM.


Abstract Rock shore platforms, present on at least half of the 20 500 km-long coastline of the British Isles, are usually backed by cliffs of varying heights. They form in a range of material types from soft cohesive sediment to sedimentary and metamorphic rocks of varying strengths to very resistant igneous rocks. Lithology influences platform erosion rates: glacial till>London Clay>chalk>schist>limestone>basalt and granite. Chalk platform erosion rates adjacent to engineering structures are significantly higher than elsewhere on the platform. There are no published reports of erosion rates on British platforms developed in igneous rocks such as basalt and granite because they have proved too resistant to record values using a micro-erosion meter. The most intensively studied shore platforms in the British Isles are on Blue Lias limestone in south Wales and Cretaceous chalk in SE England and there is a need for more detailed studies on additional rock types, particularly for understanding key controls on platform morphology and rates of erosion. The issue of whether the shore platforms exposed at present day mean sea-level are inherited from earlier periods remains. The role of platform erosion in helping to drive cliff retreat is understudied and evidence that engineering structures may enhance platform erosion rates comes from only one rock type. Predicted climate change and sea-level rise scenarios combined with more intensive management of coastal systems mean that it is important to improve understanding of platform systems and their link to cliffs. There is much scope, using established and new methods of investigation, to address the issues raised by existing studies of shore platforms of the British Isles.


Initiating and implementing new technologies in traditional mechanical products may be important to strategic decision-making with far reaching consequences for companies. New technology demands new competence. The new competence can come from outside or within the company. What are the differences between an initiative coming outside or within the company? In this study, two Swedish companies that initiated new technology in their traditional mechanical products have been chosen. The initiative to the new technology came in the -outside-initiative- company from a consulting group. In the -within-initiative- company the initiative came from engineers at the company. This paper compares the attributes of an agile organization in these two companies.


— In this research, we offer a graphical user interface (GUI) that is both effective and efficient in order to control and monitor in real time the DC power that is generated by solar panels and the DC power that is used by load both locally and remotely. The server and the client both have their own graphical user interface (GUI). While the client GUI may be accessed by using a web browser from any part of the world, the server computer must be located close to the solar panels in order to monitor and manage activities locally. An authorised person can monitor and control all operations from any location in the world. LabVIEW and LabVIEW UI builder are used to create the graphical user interfaces for the server and client, while Arduino Uno, current and voltage sensors, relays, and a charge controller are utilised in the development of the hardware. It is possible to record and access a database file in order to do historical research on a renewable energy source (RES) system. The monitoring interface employs real-time measurement results in order to produce graphs displaying power, current, and voltage. This will also assist to improve the performance of the solar system that is currently in place, as well as the performance of other alternative sources of energy. This graphical user interface for the monitoring of the system displays graphs and metres for measuring voltage, current, and power output and consumption. The controlling function allows the solar system to be turned on or off, as well as increasing or decreasing energy consumption and generation, and switching to another system that is available..


Wireless communications in industrial environments are maintained under persistent adverse conditions, such as noise, fading and many electromagnetic interference sources. These electromagnetic interferences exhibit usually impulsive characteristics and it can seriously degrade the performance of the current wireless systems. Over the last few years, the Amplitude Probability Distribution (APD) had been formally written into CISPR16 as a measure of the emitted electromagnetic energy from electrical equipment. In this approach we present two APD measurement methods. The first method based on 12-bit A/D converter and the second one based on in-phase and quadrature components of the impulsive noise at frequencies between 20 and 3000 MHz. Electromagnetic interference measurements in three different industrial environments were performed using the developed methods with promising results.


Fertő, I. and A.B. Szerb, 2018. The duration of the Hungarian maize exports. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 24 (3): 352–359 The maize is one of the most important agricultural export products in Hungary. The paper investigates the duration of Hungarian maize exports over the period 1996-2015. We employ different discrete time models to explain the drivers of Hungarian maize exports at the world market. Calculations show that Hungarian maize exports are rather short-lived. Our results suggest that standard gravity model variables like market size, level of economic development and distance have signifi cant impacts on the duration of Hungarian maize exports. In addition, whilst the EU membership decrease, the economic crisis rather increase the probability of exports failures Hungarian maize exports.


Lorazepam, a new benzodiazepine, was compared with morphine for premedication. Ten patients received morphine 10 mg/70 kg i.m. and 10 received lorazepam 4 mg/70 kg i.m. Respiratory effects were assessed from the change in slope (S) and intercept (B) of the carbon dioxide response line, using a development of Read's rebreathing method. Morphine depressed S by 47% (P less than 0.01), but after lorazepam S increased by 27% (P less than 0.05), neither drug altering B significantly. In two volunteers lorazepam was assessed by both the rebreathing and the steady-state methods; after lorazepam S was smaller by the steady-state than by the rebreathing technique. The findings for lorazepam are consistent with the known effects of sleep on carbon dioxide sensitivity. Amnesia lasting 4-8 h occurred in all patients who received lorazepam so that pain and nausea during this period were not recalled, but no patient who received morphine experienced amnesia. We conclude that lorazepam merits further study, particularly where sedation without respiratory depression is needed, as in obstetrics, and where amnesia for uncomfortable procedures is required.


Appropriate education and training of all those engaged in the use of live vertebrate animals for scientific purposes is required by both the Council of Europe (Convention ETS 123, Article 26) and the European Union (Council Directive 86/609/EEC, Article 141. FELASAhas elaborated these requirements in practical detail, for this purpose dividing those involved into 4 Categories (although these Categories need not be mutually exclusive): Category A-persons taking care of animals; Category B-persons carrying out animal experiments; Category C-persons responsible for directing animal experiments; Category D-Iaboratory animal science specialists. FELASAhas based its recommendations on functions-which are common to all, rather than on nomenclature-which differs from country to country. The teaching syllabus published here in detail for Category C provides a common basis for other Categories where functions are similar, while the section 'Animal care/husbandry' of Category A Level 1 should satisfy the requirement of Article 14 of the Directive that 'persons carrying out or supervising the conduct of experiments' (Categories Band C) 'shall ... be capable of handling and taking care of laboratory animals'. Practical, theoretical and ethical aspects should be treated for all Categories. Refinement of techniques, reduction in the number of animals used and replacement wherever possible by non-sentient systems should be guiding principles. The FELASArecommendations for Categories A and C are presented here. Those for Categories Band D are to follow.


This paper presents an equational theory for the QRAM model of quantum computation, formulated as an embedded language inside of homotopy type theory. The embedded language approach is highly expressive, and reflects the style of state-of-the art quantum languages like Quipper and QWIRE. The embedding takes advantage of features of homotopy type theory to encode unitary transformations as higher inductive paths, simplifying the presentation of an equational theory. We prove that this equational theory is sound and complete with respect to established models of quantum computation.


The Type V auto-secreting proteins of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens have been shown to be important surface-expressed molecules that facilitate colonization and in vivo survival. In particular, Brucella species have been shown to carry genes with the potential to express several Type V and Type V-like secreted proteins that are antigenic, possess putative virulence function, and may very well contribute to persistence of the microorganism in susceptible hosts (cattle, pigs, bison, sheep, and cervids [elk and deer]). Additionally, some of these proteins may be differentially surface-expressed and thus potentially represent speciesspecific markers. Experiments were therefore conducted to assess the feasibility of selected recombinant outer membrane proteins to be used to distinguish between B. abortus, B. melitensis, B. suis, and B. ovis infection in various host species. A total of four Brucella genes were previously cloned in E. coli and their recombinant products expressed and purified by established molecular procedures. Methods for determining sero-reactivity of these potential diagnostic targets consisted of SDS-PAGE, electroblotting, and immunolabelling with anti-sera from goats, sheep, cattle, and elk infected with either of the three pathogenic Brucella spp. Quantitative analysis of protein gels and Western blots was conducted by digital imaging. Results of this study reinforce the practicality of one or a number of these bacterial envelope proteins for use in a rapid serologic-based field assay for Brucellosis in wild and domestic animal hosts. Furthermore, these antigens may have utility in a test that can differentiate infection by pathogenic Brucella species specific to a target host.


Natural orbitals (NOs) are central constituents for evaluating correlation energies through efficient approximations. Here, we report the closed-form expression of the NOs of two-electron quantum rings, which are prototypical finite-extension systems and new starting points for the development of exchange-correlation functionals in density functional theory. We also show that the natural occupation numbers for these two-electron paradigms are in general non-vanishing and follow the same power law decay as atomic and molecular two-electron systems.


Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) provides a means to visualize vessel structure without the use of contrast agents and consequently without the risks and discomfort associated with contrast media. We have developed a flow encoding procedure which exploits the spatial dependence in the phase of spin magnetization generated by a gradient pulse. This technique yields image information for only those spins having macroscopic motion (i.e. flowing blood). Excellent suppression of non-moving spins can be obtained despite the overwhelming abundance of stationary spins. Data are presented in a projection format similar to that of traditional subtraction angiography.


The sodium-hydrogen exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF) was first identified as an essential cofactor for cyclic AMP-mediated inhibition of the epithelial isoform of rabbit kidney sodium-hydrogen exchanger (NHE3). More recent work shows that NHERF constitutes a family of PSD-95/DIg/ZO-1 (PDZ) domain-containing adapter proteins, only some of which associate with the NHE3 antiporter. Other targets of the NHERF proteins include members of the ezrin-radixin-moesin family of cytoskeletal proteins. In the current model for NHE3 regulation, NHERF links NHE3 to the protein kinase A-anchoring protein, ezrin, and thereby facilitates its phosphorylation and inhibition by protein kinase A. Recent studies have also established the interaction of NHERF and its homologs with the beta2-adrenergic receptor and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase that facilitates signal transduction by these receptors. Association with NHERF may also regulate the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and the sodium-bicarbonate transporter. With the rapid increase in the intracellular targets identified for NHERF, the emerging data point to a broad role for these PDZ-containing proteins in the organization of signaling complexes and control of cell physiology.


This experiment did to determine the pH, levels of caffeine concentration in five soft drinks and four energy drinks available in local market of Pakistan. pH were measured by pH meter. Quantitative estimation of caffeine concentration in drinks was performed by a simple and fast standard UV spectrophotometric method (Perkin Elmer lambda 35 UV/Vis spectrometer) using carbon tetrachloride as the extracting solvent at 270 nm wavelengths. The minimum caffeine level of soft drinks was observed in Brand-3(10.69 mg/serving), while Brand-5 showed the highest caffeine content (42.17 mg/serving) showing a range from 10.6 to 42.17 mg/serving. The concentration of caffeine in all energy drink samples are well below the maximum allowable limits set by the food regulatory bodies, except E2. The E2 has greater calculated concentration then the labelled concentration. The minimum caffeine level of energy drinks was observed in E4 (32.04 mg/L) while E2 showed highest caffeine level in energy drinks (101.705 mg/ serving) showing range from 32.04 mg/serving to 101.705 mg /serving . And the pH range of these soft drinks were (2.29 to 3.02) and in energy drinks (2.85 to 3.28).


To define a strategy of mitigation for containerized hydrogen systems (fuel cells for example) against explosion, the main characteristics of flammable atmosphere (size, concentration, turbulence…) shall be well-known. This article presents an experimental study on accidental hydrogen releases and dispersion into an enclosure of 4 m 3 (2 m x 2 m x 1 m). Different release points are studied: two circular releases of 1 and 3 mm and a system to create ring-shaped releases. The releases are operated with a pressure between 10 and 40 bars in order to be close to the process conditions. Different positions of the release inside the enclosure i.e. centred on the floor or along a wall are also studied. A specific effort is made to characterize the turbulence in the enclosure during the releases. The objectives of the experimental study are to understand and quantify the mechanisms of formation of the explosive atmosphere taking into account the geometry and position of the release point and the confinement. Those experimental data are analyzed and compared with existing models and could bring some new elements to improve them.


We investigate the rate of convergence in ‖ · |Lp‖, 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞, of the ddimensional Smolyak algorithm, associated to a sequence of sampling operators in the framework of periodic Sobolev and Besov spaces with dominating mixed smoothness.


Metadata isessential to the semantic discovery of a digital library. A lot of metadata standardshave beenissued in recent years, but few standards orguidelines areactually implemented. Practitioners are always suffering from no guidelines or pilot projects can be referenced when developing digital library applications. The situation does no good to overcome interoperability problems between applications. This paper summarized the design of metadata schemas for Chinese Cultural Celebrities' Manuscript Library (CCCML), which is a branch of Shanghai Library. In practicing a formalized and normalized way to implement the merits of metadata for CCCML, and overcome the confusion of using metadata, we experienced an approach in deriving a set of principles, delivering an outline of methodology, conducting a procedure for the practice, and developing the specification of the schemas, as well as the implementation of the schemas in the CCCML digital library system.


Mobile crowd sensing and computing (MCSC) is a large-scale sensing and collective knowledge discovery paradigm that fuses human and machine intelligence. This article describes the content of human and machine intelligence, their complementary roles, and their potential collaboration modes in MCSC. The authors also discuss the challenges that arise from using human intelligence in MCSC systems. They further present several applications to demonstrate the power and usage of human-machine intelligence in MCSC.


High-performance peer-to-peer transfer between clusters will be fundamental technology base for various Grid middleware, such as large-scale data transfer in DataGrid settings, or collective communication in Grid-wide MPIs. There, two major factors are involved: on one hand network pipes with large RTT /spl times/ bandwidth typically become data-starved, resulting in bandwidth loss; on the other hand when multiple nodes on the clusters attempt simultaneous transfer, the network pipe could become saturated, resulting in packet loss which again may result in bandwidth degradation in large RTT /spl times/ bandwidth networks. By dynamically and automatically adjusting transfer parameters between the two clusters, such as the number of network nodes, number of socket stripes, we could achieve optimal bandwidth even when the network is under heavy contention. In order to arrive at a proper performance model for automated adjustment, we have conducted several simulations by which we have discovered that such automatic tuning would beneficial, but the ideal number of network pipes does not exactly match the simple transfer model of traditional peer-to-peer settings between single nodes.


Article 180 (1) letter D of Aceh Governance Act No. 11 of 2006 on the Aceh Government articulated that zakat is one of the Aceh Province, regencies, or cities' original revenue sources. However, the legal basis of collecting zakat in Pidie, Bireuen and Lhokseumawe is very weak as it is only based on the Head of Regency or Mayor Regulation. This research aims to examine Islamic aspects of zakat collection in Pidie Regency, Bireuen Regency and Lhokseumawe City, and whether such collection has been in accordance with existing laws or not. This is normative legal research by examining the collection of zakat from Islamic aspects and existing laws in regard with the collection of zakat within such three regions. The research shows that Pidie Regency does not collect income zakat as it follows Madhhab al-Shāfiʿī which does not recognize it. The collection of this kind of zakat in Bireuen and Lhokseumawe has been in accordance with existing laws.


In general, 3-D gaze tracking methods employ both a frontal-viewing camera and an eye-capturing camera facing the opposite direction to precisely estimate the point-of-regard (POR) in the 3-D space. The extrinsic calibration of these two cameras for accurate 3-D gaze tracking is a challenging task. This paper presents a robust extrinsic calibration method for non-contact gaze tracking in the 3-D space. Even in a noisy environment, the extrinsic calibration parameters are precisely estimated by minimizing the proposed cost function consisting of both the angular and Euclidean errors. Furthermore, using the estimated parameters, the 3-D POR is exactly determined based on the two-view geometry. Compared with the conventional methods, the proposed method provides superior results in experiments considering various factors such as the noise level, head movement, and camera configuration. In real experiments, we achieved an average Euclidean error of 12.6 cm and the average angular error of 0.98° when estimating the 3-D coordinates of PORs that were 4–8 m away from the user.


Purpose: The article proposes a new method for selecting a contractor in United Nations public procurement. Approach: This method is based on the use of the grey number decision model. Findings: The presented model, which belongs to the grey systems theory, enables to combine quantitative and qualitative criteria in the assessment of the contractors. Practical Implications: The method is particularly applicable in case of the presence of subjective features among the evaluation criteria which are difficult to express on a quantitative scale. An example of its use may be the so-called green public procurement, in which, apart from the quantitative criteria, such as price, there are qualitative criteria related, for example, to the impact of the offer on the social and ecological environment. The first section of the article presents the basics issues related to public procurement. In the second section, the essence of the grey systems theory is described. The third part of the article presents the structure and procedure in the grey method of selecting a contractor in public procurement on the example of the United Nations. Value: Finally, the developed method as presented on the selected case study can be a guide for future cases.


: TIPS procedures have been successfully performed in 18 of 21 patients aged 34-64 (mean age 40 years) with cirrhosis of the liver with acute gastroesophageal bleedings (5) or history of bleeding episodes from gastroesophageal varices (13). The patients were classified according to Child (1964): A--4; B--8 and C--6. The portal pressure before creation of the shunt measured 17-39 (mean 28.1 +/- 7.6) mm Hg. Dilation of the hepatic tissue was performed by a balloon 10 mm in diameter and 4-6 cm long with placement of metallic endoprostheses 10-12 mm in diameter and 80 mm long. The portal pressure after anastomoses were made dropped to 6-28 (mean 20.3 +/- 5.7) mm Hg. The angiogram showed a rapid flow of the contrast medium through the portocaval anastomosis towards the right heart and no filling of the esophageal veins was seen. TIPS procedure is an effective measure to stop variceal gastroesophageal bleeding in patients with portal hypertension. The necessity of regular surveillance and reinterventions makes this approach a temporary measure to reduce hazardous consequences of gastroesophageal hemorrhages.


Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by abnormal transepithelial ion transport. However, a description of CF lung disease pathophysiology unifying superficial epithelial and submucosal gland (SMG) dysfunctions has remained elusive. We hypothesized that biophysical abnormalities associated with CF mucus hyperconcentration provide a unifying mechanism. Studies of the anion secretion-inhibited pig airway CF model revealed elevated SMG mucus concentrations, osmotic pressures, and SMG mucus accumulation. Human airway studies revealed hyperconcentrated CF SMG mucus with raised osmotic pressures and cohesive forces predicted to limit SMG mucus secretion/release. Utilizing proline-rich protein 4 (PRR4) as a biomarker of SMG secretion, proteomics analyses of CF sputum revealed markedly lower PRR4 levels compared to healthy and bronchiectasis controls, consistent with a failure of CF SMGs to secrete mucus onto airway surfaces. Raised mucus osmotic/cohesive forces, reflecting mucus hyperconcentration, provide a unifying mechanism that describes disease-initiating mucus accumulation on airway surfaces and within SMGs of the CF lung. One Sentence Summary Hyperconcentrated Mucus Unifies Submucosal Gland and Superficial Airway Dysfunction in Cystic Fibrosis


The purpose of this questionnaire survey is to gather information on actual conditions of inclusive child day-care in K City in order to qualify what support we can provide as part of the community. The questionnaire was sent to 148 child-care facilities (day nurseries) in date, of which 116 provided sufficient data for analysis. Of these 116 facilities, 104 (89.7%) accepted children with disabilities, while 12 (10.3%) did not. The number of disabled children accepted by the 104 facilities over a 2.5-year period was 275. Mental retardation (including children with multiple disabilities) was the most common type of disability; autism, physical disability and cerebral palsy were also seen. Thus, nursery staff, whose training is largely geared toward education and child development, is faced with a particularly difficult task. What we envisage as one of our future roles is to train and provide nursing experts with a specialized knowledge of medical rehabilitation, day-to-day medical care, training and support of children with various types of disabilities. Such nurses could then be introduced to child day-care facilities to provide individualized child-care services, which would take into account all factors relating to the child's condition and developmental stage. The results of our survey also suggest that close coordination and partnership with specialized/related agencies and institutions should be pursued in order to both enrich the support systems of child day-care facilities and to enhance their inclusiveness.


Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consist of small sensor nodes which operate until their energy reserve is depleted. These nodes are generally deployed to the environments where network lifespan is much longer than the lifetime of a node. Therefore, WSN are typically operated in a multiphase fashion, where new nodes are periodically deployed to the environment to ensure constant local and global network connectivity. Besides, significant amount of the research in the literature studies only static WSN and there is very limited work considering mobility of the sensor nodes. In this thesis, we present a key predistribution scheme for mobile and multiphase WSN which is resilient against eager and temporary node capture attacks. In our Hash Graph based (HaG) scheme, every generation has its own key pool which is generated using the key pool of the previous generation. This allows nodes deployed at different generations to have the ability to establish secure channels. Likewise, a captured node can only be used to obtain keys for a limited amount of successive generations. We also consider sensor nodes as mobile and use different mobility models to show its effects on the performance. We compare the connectivity and resiliency performance of our scheme with a well-known multiphase key predistribution scheme and show that our scheme performs better when the attack rate is low. When the attack rate increases, our scheme still has better resiliency performance considering that it requires less key ring size compared to a state-of-the-art multiphase scheme.


An 8-year-old girl presented with stomach perforation one week after piroxicam poisoning. Six hours before hospitalization, the girl had accidentally taken piroxicam capsules in a total dose of 280 mg. At admission the child did not present signs and symptoms of intoxication of piroxicam. In spite of the late time of presentation from piroxicam exposure, we performed gastric lavage, and administered activated charcoal and laxatives. The patient was discharged after 24 hours, in good clinical condition, but without gastro protective medication. After a period of seven days the patient was readmitted to the PICU, with signs and symptoms of acute abdomen: severe epigastric pain whose intensity increased with the change of position, nausea, vomiting, fever and chills. On physical examination, abdominal rigidity of the muscles was noticed. On the abdominal X-ray free air in the abdomen was visualized. The child underwent emergency surgery. Stomach perforation was identified and corrected. Ten days after the surgery, the child was discharged, fully recovered.  Conclusion – We present this rare case to alert physicians to the necessity of monitoring abdominal signs and symptoms and consideration of use of gastro protective agents after piroxicam overdose in a child.


Hydraulic fracturing or hydraulic stimulation is one of the most effective methods of enhancing hot dry rock (HDR) geothermal system productivity. The 3D structure of the fractured rock is approximated by the network models of 'fractal geometry'. The models of fracture networks are generated by distributing fractures randomly in space and assuming the fractal correlation Nr = Cr−D that incorporates the number of fractures Nr, fractal length r, fractal dimension D and fracture density within the rock mass C. This procedure makes it possible to characterize the geothermal reservoirs using parameters measured from field data. Based on this approach, a mathematical model of the hydraulic rock fracturing is proposed. The model incorporates approximations of the fracture mechanical behaviour drawn from the rock mechanics literature, a very simplified analysis of the operative physical processes and mapping of the connectivity of fracture network to a cubic regular grid. Along with the fractal‐type distribution of the fracture lengths, the fracture surfaces are also assumed to follow fractal geometry. The latter allows numerical simulation of the natural rock fracture dilation caused by fracture shear offset. The other problem that can be resolved by fracture surface modelling is the apparent limitation on the number of fractures that can be analysed experimentally. In this respect, the suggested mathematical model can be used to simulate fractal surfaces identical to fractures found in the natural rocks. Taken together, these tools permit the approximate engineering resolution of the multi‐parametric, highly complex mechanical problem. The reliability of the developed model was validated by comparisons with the experimentally determined data for the Hijiori deep reservoir. This implicitly justifies the numerical results and conclusions drawn in the present research. In particular, a series of computations indicate that the connectivity of the fracture network is greatly affected by the fractal dimension of the fracture network. The strong effect of the fractal dimension on the reservoir's size is also observed. The numerical results illustrate the controlling effect of the pressure and flow rate in the stimulating well for reservoir growth. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Light field cameras can capture the 3D information in a scene with a single exposure. This special feature makes light field cameras very appealing for a variety of applications: from post capture refocus, to depth estimation and image-based rendering. However, light field cameras exhibit a very limited spatial resolution, which should therefore be increased by computational methods. Off-the-shelf single-frame and multi-frame super-resolution algorithms are not ideal for light field data, as they ignore its particular structure. A few super-resolution algorithms explicitly devised for light field data exist, but they exhibit significant limitations, such as the need to carry out an explicit disparity estimation step for one or several light field views. In this work we present a new light field super-resolution algorithm meant to address these limitations. We adopt a multi-frame alike super-resolution approach, where the information in the different light field views is used to augment the spatial resolution of the whole light field. In particular, we show that coupling the multi-frame paradigma with a graph regularizer that enforces the light field structure permits to avoid the costly and challenging disparity estimation step. Our experiments show that the proposed method compares favorably to the state-of-the-art for light field super-resolution algorithms, both in terms of PSNR and visual quality.


This report summarizes the results of a three-week-long archeological investigation of the grounds about the Boston General Store at Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation Area. This timber-frame structure has survived relatively intact since its construction in 1836. It exhibits elements of Classical and Greek Revival architecture combined with vernacular components. Located along the towpath (west side) of the Ohio and Erie Canal in the village of Boston, Summit County, Ohio, the structure is part of an earlyand mid-nineteenth-century commercial development focusing on various milling activities and on the canal's transportation potential. The Store had minor impact on the regional economy, although some of its owners were successful, relatively notable figures in the nineteenth-century business community of nearby Akron, Ohio, and of the Western Reserve in general. The structure was a family residence for most of its long history, but it also functioned as a general merchandise store, post office, and warehouse throughout much of the nineteenth century. The ongoing restoration of the canal towpath as a hiking trail through the Recreation Area led to the need for numerous access points and other visitor facilities. The Store's location and architectural significance made it a prime candidate for preservation and adaptive use. In 1991, a draft Historic Structure Report was completed, thus initiating the adaptive restoration process. The archeological investigation reported here is a separate component of that study. Archeological fieldwork focused on study of the condition of the original sandstone foundation and investigation of the structure's grounds to determine the nature of associated archeological features and artifact scatters. Limited test excavations revealed numerous archeologicaVarchitectural features preserved on the grounds and demonstrated the foundation to be in variable condition. Many of the archeological features are foundation elements from a two-story timber-frame warehouse that formerly had been attached to the south facade of the Store. Artifacts spanning most of the plus-150-year history of the structure were recovered during evaluative testing. These materials support current interpretation of the historic record which argues that the Store's impact was local both in scale and in importance. The numerous, well-preserved features and stratified condition of the site indicate that the archeological deposits surrounding the structure are significant and should be carefully considered during future restoration.


Value aggregation is a general framework for solving imitation learning problems. Based on the idea of data aggregation, it generates a policy sequence by iteratively interleaving policy optimization and evaluation in an online learning setting. While the existence of a good policy in the policy sequence can be guaranteed non-asymptotically, little is known about the convergence of the sequence or the performance of the last policy. In this paper, we debunk the common belief that value aggregation always produces a convergent policy sequence with improving performance. Moreover, we identify a critical stability condition for convergence and provide a tight non-asymptotic bound on the performance of the last policy. These new theoretical insights let us stabilize problems with regularization, which removes the inconvenient process of identifying the best policy in the policy sequence in stochastic problems.


The present study investigated cognitive disinhibition in bulimia nervosa (BN) and examined whether impulsivity could account for this neuropsychological deficiency. Inhibitory processing of 13 women with BN (16–29 years) was compared against that of 13 healthy control participants matched for age, education, and socioeconomic status on a battery of widely used tasks: Stroop task, Haylings sentence completion test, excluded letter fluency, and Matching Familiar Figures Test. The women were also administered the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). The BN patients displayed significant impairments on all inhibition measures and posited significantly higher impulsivity scores than the controls. Moreover, controlling for impulsivity reduced the group differences in Stroop color naming and excluded letter fluency to nonsignificance, indicating that poor inhibitory control in BN is at least partly attributable to an impulsive disposition.


Heterogeneous multicore processors that integrate CPU cores and data-parallel accelerators such as graphic processing unit (GPU) cores onto the same die raise several new issues for sharing various on-chip resources. The shared last-level cache (LLC) is one of the most important shared resources due to its impact on performance. Accesses to the shared LLC in heterogeneous multicore processors can be dominated by the GPU due to the significantly higher number of concurrent threads supported by the architecture. Under current cache management policies, the CPU applications' share of the LLC can be significantly reduced in the presence of competing GPU applications. For many CPU applications, a reduced share of the LLC could lead to significant performance degradation. On the contrary, GPU applications can tolerate increase in memory access latency when there is sufficient thread-level parallelism (TLP). In addition to the performance challenge, introduction of diverse cores onto the same die changes the energy consumption profile and, in turn, affects the energy efficiency of the processor. In this work, we propose heterogeneous LLC management (HeLM), a novel shared LLC management policy that takes advantage of the GPU's tolerance for memory access latency. HeLM is able to throttle GPU LLC accesses and yield LLC space to cache-sensitive CPU applications. This throttling is achieved by allowing GPU accesses to bypass the LLC when an increase in memory access latency can be tolerated. The latency tolerance of a GPU application is determined by the availability of TLP, which is measured at runtime as the average number of threads that are available for issuing. For a baseline configuration with two CPU cores and four GPU cores, modeled after existing heterogeneous processor designs, HeLM outperforms least recently used (LRU) policy by 10.4%. Additionally, HeLM also outperforms competing policies. Our evaluations show that HeLM is able to sustain performance with varying core mix. In addition to the performance benefit, bypassing also reduces total accesses to the LLC, leading to a reduction in the energy consumption of the LLC module. However, LLC bypassing has the potential to increase off-chip bandwidth utilization and DRAM energy consumption. Our experiments show that HeLM exhibits better energy efficiency by reducing the ED2 by 18% over LRU while impacting only a 7% increase in off-chip bandwidth utilization.


How does state surveillance influence citizens' willingness to express political and social opinions? This article theorizes about different citizen responses to surveillance that fall on what we term the evasion-deception spectrum, including preference falsification, self-censorship, and opting out. We present the results from an empirical exploration of these responses, drawing on an online survey experiment conducted in Japan. In our survey, we use a novel experimental stimulus to assess whether individuals engage in different forms of evasion and deception when plausibly under government surveillance. The study finds that citizens are substantially more likely to opt out of sharing their opinions (by exiting a survey) when reminded of their government's capacity for monitoring. This occurs even despite implying a monetary cost (forfeiting payment for the survey) and in a fully consolidated democracy, where freedoms of speech and opinion are legally codified. We conclude by discussing the implications of this finding for democratic deliberation and citizen-state relations.


This paper introduces an improved detector topology which is used to design the rectifier that is a part of a rectenna, operating in the S-band. Our proposition adds a third diode into the conventional half bridge detector, leading to improve the output DC voltage and to reduce the harmonics power level. Then, a rectifying circuit is built using two approaches. The first rectifier is based on a HSMS2822 doubler with a HSMS2820 diode. While the second rectifier uses a HSMS282P quad. We have achieved a RF-DC conversion efficiency of 57% at 2.45 GHz and of 72% at 2.1 GHz, respectively for the first and the second rectifier.


Background and objective. Patient-led therapy has the potential to increase the amount of therapy patients undertake during stroke rehabilitation and to enhance recovery. Our objective was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of 2 patient-led therapies during the acute stages of stroke care: mirror therapy for the upper limb and lower-limb exercises for the lower limb. Methods. This was a blind assessed, multicenter, pragmatic randomized controlled trial of patient-led upper-limb mirror therapy and patient-led lower leg exercises. Stroke survivors with upper and lower limb limitations, undergoing inpatient rehabilitation and able to consent were recruited at least 1 week poststroke. Results. Both interventions proved feasible, with >90% retention. No serious adverse events were reported. Both groups did less therapy than recommended; typically 5 to 15 minutes for 7 days or less. Participants receiving mirror therapy (n = 63) tended to do less practice than those doing lower-limb exercises (n = 31). Those with neglect did 69% less mirror therapy than those without (P = .02), which was not observed in the exercise group. Observed between-group differences were modest but neglect, upper-limb strength, and dexterity showed some improvement in the mirror therapy group. No changes were seen in the lower-limb group. Conclusions. Both patient-led mirror therapy and lower-limb exercises during inpatient stroke care are safe, feasible, and acceptable and warrant further investigation. Practice for 5 to 15 minutes for 7 days is a realistic prescription unless strategies to enhance adherence are included.