We propose a simple and practical calibration technique that effectively estimates camera parameters from just five points on two orthogonal 1-D objects, each which has three collinear points, one of which is shared. We derive the basic equations needed to realize camera calibration from just five points observed on a single image that captures the objects. We describe a new camera calibration algorithm that estimates the camera parameters based on the basic equations and optimizes them by the bundle adjustment technique. Our method is validated by both computer simulated data and real images. The results show that the camera parameters yielded by our method are close to those yielded by existing methods. The tests demonstrate that our method is both effective and practical.


Political Parties and Democracy: Volume III: Post-Soviet and Asian Political Parties is the third volume in this five-volume set. It offers clearly written, up-to-date coverage of post-Soviet and Asian political parties from the unique perspective of distinguished indigenous scholars who have lived the truths they tell and, thus, write with unique breadth, depth, and scope. Presented in two parts, this volume overviews post-Soviet parties, then discusses the realities on the ground in Georgia, Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine. Likewise, the book offers an introduction to Asian political parties, followed by chapters on China, India, Japan, Malaysia, and South Korea. Throughout, contributors explore the relationship between political parties and democracy (or democratization) in their respective nations, providing necessary historical, socioeconomic, and institutional context, and clarifying the balance of power among parties—and between them and competing agencies of power—today


Presented is the description of the 41-year-old patient who was delivered to the emergency department of the clinical hospital. The patient has clinical manifestations of the stroke. Intracerebral hematoma of the right cerebral hemisphere was diagnosed on clinical examination. Serosurrey was positive for syphilis. Due to the suspected neurosyphilis, the central laboratory performed additional examination.


The C2 pedicle screw is more biomechanically stable and provides patients with increased postoperative range of motion in comparison to other methods of C2 fixation. However, as a result of the proximity of the C2 pedicle to the transverse foramen, there is a considerable risk of intraoperative morbidity due to vertebral artery injury laterally or vertebral canal breach medially. Other than the use of cadavers for the demonstration and practice of C2 pedicle screw placement, there are currently few other readily available teaching aids for the training of residents and fellows. Herein, we describe a simple and cost effective modality for the demonstration, evaluation, and practice of C2 pedicle screw placement in a laboratory setting.


The radial vibration of an annular ultrasonic concentrator with edge section is studied. Based on the electromechanical analogy, the radial equivalent circuit and the frequency equation of the concentrator are derived, the radial displacement amplitude magnification and the nodal circle equation are given. The relationship between the radial displacement amplitude magnification and radius ratio of the annular vibrator at the first and second order vibration mode is obtained. The relationship between the first and the second order radial resonance frequencies and the radius ratio of the annular edge section concentrator is analyzed. The displacement amplitude magnification of the annular vibrator at the second order resonance is lager than that of the first order vibration mode. Especially, when the radius ratio tends to one, the second order resonance frequency of the annular vibrator tends toward infinity. It can be concluded that there is no higher order vibration mode for a thin-walled circular ring. Furthermore, the experimental results show that the theoretical resonance frequencies and the amplitude magnification are in good agreement with the measured results.


The Sermon on the Mount is a profound critique of first-century Judaism's accommodation of culture. Cultural imperatives are turned on their head on two fronts. (1) Honour and shame: shame becomes the new honour in a series of antitheses that expose the external focus of Jewish religion. (2) Covenant: as far as the Jews were concerned, the Abrahamic covenant appeared to be compatible with culture. It was easy to equate cultural honour – i.e., status deriving from wealth or position – with the blessing of God. That theology is largely reinterpreted, if not denied, by Jesus. The greatest blessing that the righteous can receive is persecution and shaming by cultural religionists. Jesus draws his covenant theology from Isaiah, Lamentations, wisdom literature, and the experience of the prophets. He understands that all who speak against cultural religion will be persecuted. From an honour-shame cultural standpoint, this is an enormously confronting teaching. In view of that, the implications of a counter-cultural Jesus for Christianity in Papua New Guinea are examined. Since I am a New Testament (NT) scholar and not a missiologist, parts of the second half of this essay will be anecdotal and based on what I learned teaching biblical languages and studies during a lengthy sojourn in Papua New Guinea.


A family is described in which the father, a daughter, and two sons had Cortisol receptor resistance. Hirsutism, skull baldness, and menstrual irregularities existed only in the female patient, while all three males were asymptomatic. The syndrome was transmitted via a dominant autosomal trait. A lowered dexamethasone affinity and a lowered number of glucocorticoid receptors were detected on the peripheral mononuclear leukocytes of the female patient. Chronic administration of the glucocorticoid receptor-blocking agent mifepristone (Rl 38486) to normal individuals resulted in resetting of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis at a higher level, while the diurnal rhythm of cortisol and the responsiveness to corticotropin releasing factor remained present. In four postmenopausal women this resulted in a considerable increase in circulating androstenedione levels (and eventu ally of estradici levels). This iatrogenic RU 38486-induced biochemical syndrome is similar and difficult to differentiate from familial cortisol receptor resistance. Among a group of patients with so-called "idiopathic liirsutism," four patients were recognized with elevated androstenedione and (slightly) elevated cortisol levels which showed abnormalities in the affinity and/ or number of glucocorticoid receptors on their peripheral mononuclear leukocytes. Therefore it is hypothesized that the syndrome of (partial) glucocorticoid receptor resistance is far more common than currently thought, especially among the group of patients with so-called "idiopathic hirsutism."


SUMMARY: Under selected conditions Meredith's actinomycete produced culture fluids toxic to many fungi. From these fluids the active principle, called musarin, has been isolated by two methods. Preparations active in concentrations of 1/80,000--1/100,000 seemed substantially pure. Musarin is an optically active acid of high molecular weight having by microtitration an equivalent weight of at least 4000. Analyses of the best preparations are in good agreement with an empirical formula (C35H60O14N2)72. No definite conclusion can be drawn about the exact chemical nature of musarin; a protein-like structure seems to be excluded by the low nitrogen content, which recalls that of many bacterial polysaccharides; but formulation as a polysaccharide seems equally unsatisfactory because of the low oxygen content. Tests indicate that musarin is one of the most potent antifungal antibiotics, though as an antibacterial agent it is less effective. It is active against several important plant parasites and it may be useful in combating the Panama disease of the banana plant and other fungal diseases of economic importance.


Background: The number of studies confirming the importance of Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) towards the reduction of mortality and morbidity has increased. On the basis of scientific evidence, we developed a care program in Poland for patients with myocardial infarction I (MC-AMI (in Polish KOS-zawal). There is a lack of data on possible improvement in long-term prognosis among women after acute myocardial infarctions (AMI), who were also involved with CR.
Aim: The aim of the study is to compare the male and female population who participate in MC-AMI, regarding major cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as a composite of death, recurrent myocardial infarction, and hospitalization for heart failure in a one-year follow-up.
Methods: This is a prospective research study from a single cardiology care centre. The study compares two groups: women and men who have agreed to participate in the MC-AMI program.
Results: As such, 529 patients were included in the study: 167 women and 362 men. In the 12-month follow-up, the incidence of MACE events was not statistically significantly, as observed in the study groups (11.38% vs. 11.33%; P=0.98). Cox multivariate regression analysis of the surveyed population also revealed that coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus type II, and previous percutaneous coronary intervention was significantly related to the primary endpoint.
Conclusion: Women who participate in the MC-AMI program do not exhibit a worse prognosis following MACE, compared to men in 12-month follow-up. Given the benefits of the program, the percentage of women participating in the program should definitely improve.


It has recently been estimated that 12 million Americans have a severe form of tinnitus and that nearly 40 million Americans suffer from some form of tinnitus-related complaints [1]. The nature of patients' concerns at the time of the initial evaluation is very important in our overall patient management. Specific issues that we address in our practice include the following: (1) Why are patients here? (2) What do patients want and what do they expect of me? (3) Whom have they seen before and what if anything has been tried and proved ineffective in treating their condition? Each of these basic questions must be answered to ensure that we are addressing affected patients' concerns and are targeting our efforts according to individual patients' needs.


The study aims to infer the existence of a continuum between Health Assessment and Economic Assessment in Health, by highlighting points of intersection of these forms of appraisal. To achieve this, a review of the theoretical foundations, methods and approaches of both forms of assessment was conducted. It was based on the theoretical model of health evaluation as reported by Hartz et al and economic assessment in health approaches reported by Brouwer et al. It was seen that there is a continuum between the theoretical model of evaluative research and the extrawelfarist approach for economic assessment in health, and between the normative theoretical model for health assessment and the welfarist approaches for economic assessment in health. However, in practice the assessment is still conducted using the normative theoretical model and with a welfarist approach.


Contact for this paper: Stefan Tangermann, Institute of Agricultural Economics, University of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany. Among the many new achievements made in the Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations, the ambitious and wide-ranging Agreement on Agriculture (The Agreement) was a significant departure from the way agriculture had traditionally been treated in the international trading order. Completely new rules and commitments were established in the areas of market access, export competition and domestic support. While it was generally agreed that the nature of these new WTO provisions for agriculture pointed in an appropriate direction and held promise for the longer run process of reforming the multilateral trading regime for agriculture, it was also clear that the quantitative parameters agreed for the current implementation period of the Agreement were not yet very demanding in most cases. Moreover, right from the start observers and analysts agreed that the actual impact of the new disciplines for agricultural policies and trade agreed at Marrakesh in 1994 would very much depend on the way in which they were going to be implemented in practice. Would the new commitments countries had accepted require or induce changes in their policies? Was access to markets really going to be improved? Were the new elements of managed trade, resulting from the host of new tariff rate quotas, going to have negative impacts on trading relations? Would the new constraints on export subsidization turn out to be binding? Could the new provisions on domestic support, and in particular existence of the "green box" be expected to influence national decision making on the instrumentation of agricultural policies? Would countries try to find loopholes in the Agreement which might allow them to escape the constraining effects of some of the new disciplines? Did one have to expect that the frequency of trade disputes in agriculture might further increase? And would the new WTO rules for dispute settlement be able to deal with such trade frictions more successfully? Was the newly established WTO Committee on Agriculture going to be a useful forum for settling any disagreements at an early stage, and for making sure that the reform process in agriculture was kept on track? The current six-year implementation period under the Agreement (lasting until the year 2000, with four more years for developing countries to implement their reduction commitments) is now approaching its mid-term. It is still too early for a final assessment of how effective the Agreement has been. However, interesting and important insights can already been gained from the way governments have so far implemented the new rules and commitments. An assessment of the experience made in the first half of the implementation period should be useful for the remainder of the implementation process. Moreover, the time is ripe for a stock-taking as governments begin to prepare for the next round of agricultural negotiations, on the "continuation of the reform process", scheduled under the Agreement to be initiated in 1999. Such a mid-term assessment of how the Agreement is being implemented, and of the resulting issues for the next round of negotiations, is exactly what the present paper tries to achieve. The main part of the paper consists of chapters 2 to 9, looking into the way the Agreement is being implemented by major countries and country groups (USA, European Union, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, Japan, Korea, South Asia, Latin America). Chapter 10 provides a brief overview of that country experience and reviews developments in Geneva, in the Committee on Agriculture and in the settlement of agricultural disputes. On the basis of all that analysis, chapter 11 then discusses issues for the next round of agricultural negotiations. Chapter 12, finally, draws conclusions regarding the future of agricultural trade liberalization.


Abstract Background An adaptive neural stress response is essential to adequately cope with a changing environment. It was previously argued that sympathetic/noradrenergic activity during acute stress increases salience network (SN) connectivity and reduces executive control network (ECN) connectivity in healthy controls, with opposing effects in the late aftermath of stress. Altered temporal dynamics of these networks in response to stress are thought to play a role in the development of psychopathology in vulnerable individuals. Methods We exposed male healthy controls (n = 40, mean age = 33.9) and unaffected siblings of schizophrenia patients (n = 39, mean age = 33.2) to the stress or control condition of the trier social stress test and subsequently investigated resting state functional connectivity of the SN and ECN directly after and 1.5 h after stress. Results Acute stress resulted in increased functional connectivity within the SN in healthy controls, but not in siblings (group × stress interaction pfwe < 0.05). In the late aftermath of stress, stress reduced functional connectivity within the SN in both groups. Moreover, we found increased functional connectivity between the ECN and the cerebellum in the aftermath of stress in both healthy controls and siblings of schizophrenia patients. Conclusions The results show profound differences between siblings of schizophrenia patients and controls during acute stress. Siblings lacked the upregulation of neural resources necessary to quickly and adequately cope with a stressor. This points to a reduced dynamic range in the sympathetic response, and may constitute a vulnerability factor for the development of psychopathology in this at-risk group.


Epidemic, or probabilistic, multicast protocols have emerged as a variable mechanism to circumvent the scalability problems of reliable multicast protocols. However, most existing epidemic approaches use connectionless transport protocols to exchange messages and rely on the intrinsic robustness of the epidemic dissemination to mask network omissions. Unfortunately, such an approach is not network-friendly, since the epidemic protocol makes no effort to reduce the load imposed on the network when the system is congested. In this paper, we propose a novel epidemic protocol whose main characteristic is to be network-friendly. This property is achieved by relying on connection-oriented transport connections, such as TCP/IP, to support the communication among peers. Since during congestion messages accumulate in the border of the network, the protocol uses an innovative buffer management scheme, which combines different selection techniques to discard messages upon overflow. This technique improves the quality of the information delivered to the application during periods of network congestion. The protocol has been implemented and the benefits of the approach are illustrated using a combination of experimental and simulation results.


Preliminary notes This article seeks to evaluate organization's performance and minimize uncertainties and variations by presenting a methodology using fuzzy AHP in four dimensions of balanced scorecard. The purpose of this study is to prioritize the performance measurement indicators in organization that is producing automobiles for domestic and foreign market of Turkey. The case study along with the methodology used in this research can be a guideline for professionals and researchers for evaluating the processes and performance measurement indicators both in manufacturing and service organizations. The methodology of this study provides flexibility, agility, efficiency and effectiveness for preferences of the decision makers.


Thirty-two second malignancies (21 acute leukemias and 11 solid tumors) were identified among 659 patients with all stages of Hodgkin's disease treated by members of the Southwest Oncology Group. There were no leukemias and one solid tumor among 95 patients treated with radiotherapy alone. The actuarial risk of developing acute leukemia at 7 years was 6.2% for chemotherapy alone, 6.4% for combined modality, and 7.7% for salvage chemotherapy. The incidence of acute leukemia was higher (P = 0.002) among those whose treatment began at greater than or equal to 40 years of age. The actuarial risk of leukemia in that group was 20.7% at 7 years. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that chemotherapy alone, combined modality, and salvage chemotherapy have an equivalent oncogenic potential and that patients greater than or equal to 40 years of age have an enhanced susceptibility to these oncogenic stimuli.


This paper reports the identification of bacterial endosymbionts inhabiting the leaf galls of Psychotria kirkii. A phylogenetic approach was used to reveal the identity of these as yet uncultivable bacterial endophytes. Based on the analysis of 16S rDNA sequences, evolutionary trees were constructed that place the endosymbiont in the genus Burkholderia. Low levels of sequence identity and rather large evolutionary distances to the closest validly named relatives indicate that these symbiotic bacteria represent a novel species. Until cultivation is successful or until more phenotypic data become available the provisional name 'Candidatus Burkholderia kirkii' sp. nov. is proposed.


The development of reliability theory has led to the setting of tasks requiring consideration of the efficiency and functional safety of technical objects of transport over the life cycle. The paper demonstrates the possibility of using the universal laws of elastic wave theory to describe natural phenomena occurring in complex dynamic systems, on the examples of solving issues arising in the interaction of rolling stock and the railway track. The accounting of the time component and the ability of elastic waves to propagate energy in time and space allowed considering any interaction process as a chain of processes, incidence-reflection-refraction of force impulses of interaction. Understanding the physics of dynamic processes that occur in objects while performing their intended functions allows developers to improve objects in such a way as to minimize their life cycle cost and maximize their ability to perform their intended functions under different operating conditions. In addition, it allows the expansion of existing methods and approaches to diagnostics of dynamic transport systems. All this is a base for making it possible to develop an innovative and effective tool for engineers and scientists to assess the impact of technosphere transport objects on human habitats.


Abstract Consider the unstructured search of an unknown number I of items in a large unsorted database of size N. The multi-object quantum search algorithm consists of two parts. The first part of the algorithm is to generalize Grover's single-object search algorithm to the multi-object case, and the second part is to solve a counting problem to determine l. In this paper we study the multi-object quantum search algorithm (in continuous time), but in a more structured way by taking into account the availability of partial information. The modeling of available partial information is done simply by the combination of several prescribed, possibly overlapping, information sets with varying weights to signify the reliability of each set. The associated statistics is estimated and the algorithm efficiency and complexity are analyzed. Our analysis shows that the search described here may not be more efficient than the unstructured (generalized) multi-object Grover search if there is "misplaced confidence". However, if the information sets have a "basic confidence" property in the sense that each information set contains at least one search item, then a quadratic speedup holds on a much smaller data space, which further expedites the quantum search for the first item.


Attapulgite was organic surface modified with silane coupling agent (KH570) and acetone, with ferric chloride (FeCl3∙6H2O) as the oxidant, sulfamic acid(SA) as dopant, prepared polypyrrole/attapulgite with organic surface modification conducting nano-composite materials (PPy/ATTP-KH) by chemical oxidation polymerization, and using IR, XRD and SEM characterization methods to characterize Internal structure of composite materials obtained. The results show that in the condition of n(Py):n(FeCl3∙6H2O):n(SA) =1:1:0.5, and with the increase of contents, composite conductivity increased and then decreased, when the contents of attapulgite is to 50%, the conductivity reaches maximum 30.0 S•cm-1. We can see from the IR spectrum, silane coupling agent and hydroxyl of attapulgite surfaces have a chemical bonding, and plays a good modification to the surfaces of attapulgite, Thereby enhancing the conductivity of the composite materials.


It is known that exercise intolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) leads to decreased levels of muscle strength.Therefore, it becomes important to study new tools of resistance training, such as elastic tubing.Aims:To evaluate percentage of gain strength in COPD patients undergoing endurance training and verify gain difference between two instruments training: elastic tubing and conventional resistance training. Methods:We evaluated 48 stable COPD patients (FEV1% 54,32± 21,6,age 65.8 ± 8.5,) who performed training for 8 weeks. 20 subjects (FEV1% 47,52±18,6,age 65.7 ± 8.6) trained with elastic tubing and 28 (FEV1% 58,93± 22,9,age 65.8 ± 8.4) with conventional resistance training. Muscle strength was assessed by dynamometry.The conventional resistance training was performed at moderate intensity 60-80% of one maximum repetition and elastic tubing resistance group trained in sets of 2-7 repetitions individually determined by resistance to fatigue test. Both groups performed knee flexion and extension, shoulder flexion and abduction and elbow flexion.Comparisons between groups were conducted by Student t test for parametric date or Mann Whitney for nonparametric date.Results:We observed a mean of 13,12% muscular strength gain after training at all motions made in group elastic tubing and 10,16% in conventional resistance and no statistical difference (p> 0.05) in the analysis of delta strength between groups was found.Therefore, the percentage gain of the movements between elastic tubing and conventional resistance training is similar.Conclusion:The elastic tubing was an alternative instrument in the practice of resistance exercise in COPD patients.


The product of the protooncogene c-src is a protein-tyrosine kinase, p60c-src, that is normally inhibited by phosphorylation at a tyrosine residue close to the C terminus (Tyr-527). If activated by dephosphorylation of Tyr-527, or by other means, p60c-src becomes phosphorylated at a tyrosine residue in the catalytic domain (Tyr-416). To test whether either or both of these tyrosines can be phosphorylated by p60c-src itself, we have created four mutations in c-src. One mutant product can receive but cannot donate phosphate, and other mutants are capable of catalysis but lack phosphorylation sites. The mutant genes were expressed singly or in combination in yeast. Analysis of the phosphorylation of mutant p60c-src in the yeast cells and in immunoprecipitates showed that p60c-src molecules can phosphorylate each other at Tyr-416 and -527. Prohibiting intramolecular phosphorylation had little effect on reaction rates and extents, suggesting that intermolecular phosphorylation predominates. If the same situation pertains in the milieu of the vertebrate fibroblast, phosphorylation of one p60c-src by another at Tyr-416 or -527 could permit positive or negative autoregulation.


Bacterium strain EVA17 was isolated from an oil-contaminated soil, and identified as Sphingononas sp.based on analysis of 16S rDNA sequence, cellular fatty acid composition and physiological-chemical tests. The salicylate hydroxylase and catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase (C23O) were detected in cell-free lysates, suggesting a pathway for phenanthrene catabolism via salicylate and catechol. Alignment showed that both of the C23O and GST genes of the strain EVA17 had high similarity with homologues of strains from genus Sphingomonas. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA and C23O gene sequence indicated that EVA17 should be classified into genus Sphingomonas, although the two phylogenetic trees were slightly different from each other. The results of coamplification and sequence determination indicated that GST gene should be located upstream of the C23O gene.


The problem of scattering of time-harmonic acoustic waves by an inhomogeneous fluid layer on a rigid plate in R 2 is considered. The density is assumed to be unity in the media: within the layer the sound speed is assumed to be an arbitrary bounded measurable function. The problem is modelled by the reduced wave equation with variable wavenumber in the layer and a Neumann condition on the plate. To formulate the problem and prove uniqueness of solution a radiation condition appropriate for scattering by infinite rough surfaces is introduced, a generalization of the Rayleigh expansion condition for diffraction gratings. With the help of the radiation condition the problem is reformulated as a system of two second kind integral equations over the layer and the plate. Under additional assumptions on the wavenumber in the layer, uniqueness of solution is proved and the nonexistence of guided wave solutions of the homogeneous problem established. General results on the solvability of systems of integral equations on unbounded domains are used to establish existence and continuous dependence in a weighted norm of the solution on the given data.


The governing equation of a nanotube-based mass sensor is derived with consideration of surface energy, transverse shear deformation, and rotary inertia. Dependencies of the frequency shift and the sensitivity of the sensor on the attached mass are obtained in closed form. The results show that the traditional model, which neglects the surface energy, predicts a higher attached mass and lower sensitivity of the sensor. On the other hand, neglecting the transverse shear deformation and rotary inertia of the sensor will result in a lower prediction of attached mass and a higher prediction of sensitivity of the sensor. It is also found that the surface energy has no effect on the mode shape of the sensor. However, the effect of the location of the attached mass on the mode shape is significant. In particular, if the attached mass is close to the midpoint of the sensor, the frequency shift and sensitivity become very significant.


Thousands of men and women were executed for incompatible religious views in 16th-century Europe. The meaning and significance of those deaths are studied here comparatively, providing an argument for the importance of martydom as both a window onto religious sensibilities, and a crucial component in the fomation of divergent Christian traditions and indentities. Brad Gregory explores Protestant, Catholic and Anabaptist martyrs in a sustained fashion, addressing the similarites and differences in their self-understanding. He traces the processes and impact of their memorialization by co-believers, and he reconstructs the arguments of the ecclesiastical and civil authorities responsible for their deaths. He employs a wide range of sources, including pamphlets, martyrologies, theological and devotional treatises, sermons, songs, woodcuts and engravings, correspondence and legal records. Reconstructing religious motivation, conviction and behaviour in early modern Europe, this text shows the shifting perspectives of authorities willing to kill, martyrs willing to die, martyrologists eager to memorialize and controversialists keen to dispute.


The rise of the middle classes in developing countries and the associated epidemiological transition raises the importance of assessing this population group's awareness of the causes of obesity and effective weight control strategies in order to develop effective health promotion strategies. The study aimed to examine the perceptions of the causes of obesity and weight control strategies held by middle class household food providers in Melbourne, Singapore, Shanghai, Indonesia and Vietnam. An online survey was conducted in late 2013, early 2014 among 3945 respondents. Information about body weight concerns, perceived causes of obesity, effectiveness of weight control methods, demographics, self-reported height and weight, and personal values was elicited. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) derived nine reliable factors which were used in structural equation modelling (SEM). Two thirds of respondents were trying to change their body weight, of them, 71% were trying to lose weight. The CFA and SEM showed that demographics, region of residence, personal values and perceptions of the causes of obesity (Unhealthy food behaviours, influences Beyond personal control and Environmental influences) had direct and indirect associations with three weight control methods factors, named: Healthy habits, Eat less, sit less, and Dieting. Middle class food providers in the study regions share public health views of obesity causation and personal weight control. These findings could inform public health and food policies, and the design of public health interventions and communications. Further research is required among lower socio economic status (SES) populations.


Principles of organization of St. Petersburg pathology service are outlined. The service covers the Consultative and Methodological Council, the Department of Management and 53 departments including 12 departments attached to the city pathology bureau. The main problems of the service concern inadequate financing and material-technical support, lack of specialists in conditions of increasing amount of work (25,870 autopsies, about a million of intraoperative biopsy examinations, 72,000 cytological examinations performed in 2001).


This doctoral study investigated the ratcheting (cyclic plasticity) behaviour and quantified cyclic plasticity of rail flash butt welds used in heavy haul railways. The experimental study including uniaxial and biaxial cyclic loading tests were first carried out, followed by the microstructure characterisation, to study the heterogeneities of ratcheting behaviour across the welds. Based on the calibrated ratcheting parameters from the experimental study, a cyclic plasticity constitutive model for welds was established. Finally, numerical simulations were performed to evaluate the ratcheting performance of welds under the practical wheel-rail weld cyclic rolling contact situation and further to predict the initiation of rolling contact fatigue damage in welds. The research outcomes can provide useful information about the optimisation of current flash butt welding techniques and the development of cost-effective rail maintenance strategies in order to mitigate rail degradation.


The subatomic world is governed by the strong interactions of quarks and gluons, described by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). Quarks experience confinement into colour-less objects, i.e. they can not be observed as free particles. Under extreme conditions such as high temperature or high density, this constraint softens and a transition to a phase where quarks and gluons are quasi-free particles (Quark-Gluon-Plasma) can occur. This environment resembles the conditions prevailing during the early stages of the universe shortly after the Big Bang.
The phase diagram of QCD is under investigation in current and future collider experiments, for example at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) or at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR). Due to the strength of the strong interactions in the energy regime of interest, analytic methods can not be applied rigorously. The only tool to study QCD from first principles is given by simulations of its discretised version, Lattice QCD (LQCD).
These simulations are in the high-performance computing area, hence, the numerical aspects of LQCD are a vital part in this field of research. In recent years, Graphic Processing Units (GPUs) have been incorporated in these simulations as they are a standard tool for general purpose calculations today.
In the course of this thesis, the LQCD application cl2qcd has been developed, which allows for simulations on GPUs as well as on traditional CPUs, as it is based on OpenCL. cl2qcd constitutes the first application for Wilson type fermions in OpenCL.
It provides excellent performance and has been applied in physics studies presented in this thesis. The investigation of the QCD phase diagram is hampered by the notorious sign-problem, which restricts current simulation algorithms to small values of the chemical potential.
Theoretically, studying unphysical parameter ranges allows for constraints on the phase diagram. Of utmost importance is the clarification of the order of the finite temperature transition in the Nf=2 chiral limit at zero chemical potential. It is not known if it is of first or second order. To this end, simulations utilising Twisted Mass Wilson fermions aiming at the chiral limit are presented in this thesis.
Another possibility is the investigation of QCD at purely imaginary chemical potential. In this region, QCD is known to posses a rich phase structure, which can be used to constrain the phase diagram of QCD at real chemical potential and to clarify the nature of the Nf=2 chiral limit. This phase structure is studied within this thesis, in particular the nature of the Roberge-Weiss endpoint is mapped out using Wilson fermions.


This paper elaborated transverse sections of leaves and stems of nineteen species belongs to 18 genera of Brassicaceae family. Anatomical characteristics were important in separation of taxa. The presence or absence of Collenchyma, Chlorenchyma and Pith, Mesophyll structure and epidermal surface were found to be important characters for the identification of Brassicaceae species. Two types of mesophyll have been recognized, dorsiventral (Bifacial) found in Sinaps alba L., Biscutella didyma L., Sameraria stylophora(Jaub. et Sp.) Boiss., Drabopsis nuda (Bel.) Stapf., Eruca sativa Mill., Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic., Calepina irregularis(Asso)Thell., Diplotaxis harra (Forssk.) Boiss., Sinapis arvensis L. and Nasturtium officinale R.Br. and isobilateral in the remaining species. Transverse sections of the midrib showed that most of species contains one vascular plants in all the species except Brassica oleracea L., Cheiranthus cheiri L., Crambe orientalis L., Draba bruniifolia Stev. and Sinaps alba L. which contains (1-3) vascular bundles. Collenchyma tissue present only in Diplotaxis harra, sinaps alba, Drabopsis nuda (Bel.) Stapf. Camelina rumelica, Cramba orientalis L., Cheiranthus cheiri L. and Cardaria drab Thell, it was higher in Cardaria drab was (150.50) um and lower in Crambe orientalis was (18.75) um. A diagnostic key based on combined stem and leaf were presented.


Variation of the refractive index of amorphous selenium with hydrostatic pressure to 7 kbar was measured using an interferometric technique and a laser source at a wavelength of 1.15 μ. The refractive index increases, linearly with pressure, with a slope of 2.74·10−2 kbar up to 2 kbar; thereafter, it increases nonlinearly. However, the increase of refractive index is linear with respect to lagrangian strain, even though the total volume strain is as high as 6%. The results are interpreted in the light of Mueller's theory of photoelasticity of amorphous solids. The individual values of the elasto-optic constants of amorphous selenium, p11 and p12, were also determined by use of the results from both hydrostatic and uniaxial pressure measurements. Their values at λ = 1.15 μ are p11 = 0.345 and p12 = 0.362. From considerations of figure of merit it appears that amorphous selenium is a highly promising acousto-optic device material for use at λ = 1.15 μ. From a detailed analysis of the data on dn/dρ and the shift of the absorption edge of selenium by pressure, it is shown for the first time that the resonance-absorption frequency derived from the Drude–Sellmeier dispersion relation corresponds to the experimentally observed frequency. On the other hand, the corresponding frequency derived from the Lorentz–Lorenz equation represents the frequency of the individual oscillator in its free state, but not that in the solid state.


The diurnal water use patterns are of interest to hydraulic modellers, as these patterns are required for the design of water distribution systems. An extensive body of literature is available with regard to daily, weekly and seasonal diurnal water use patterns of typical suburban houses. However, the characteristics of South African low-cost houses, the socio-economic status of the consumers and the level of water service to such houses differs from typical western suburban houses reported on elsewhere. Notable differences include the limited access to heated water and negligible garden irrigation at the low-cost houses. Knowledge of water use in low-cost houses, which are prevalent in South Africa, is limited. To reduce this lack of knowledge, approximately 2.5 million flow records were collected over a period of 3 years from a sample of 14 low-cost houses as part of this empirical case study. Subsequently, a diurnal water use pattern was constructed for the selected low-cost houses at 15-minute and 1-hour resolution. The diurnal pattern is useful for hydraulic modellers when data that represent extended period time simulation of water networks in low-cost housing developments is required.


Clinico-catamnestical, experimental-psychological and EEG studies were made of 60 patients with primary hypogonadism. Variants of protracted pathological reactions to the disease and pathological personality development are described. The studies indicate an intercorrelation of the dynamics of mental disorders and the character of the main disease. Recommendations as to the prophylaxis and treatment of mental disorders in different stages of surgical treatment are given. Some deontological problems of transplantation are discussed as well.


Ours is an age of computing power where we have millions of computing devices present and developing every day. Multinational organizations, local bodies and even individual users are all dependent on computers for their day to day computing needs and this need is ever increasing. This involves storing and manipulating critical to personal data. Thus giving rise to various security and misuse issues related to user's data. Employees of these organizations are found chatting, playing games, wasting time on social networking and other useless web-sites during the office hours. Many web-sites are not allowed by the organizations proxy, however there are very simple ways to bypass the proxy and browse these web-sites. This gave rise to the need of a monitoring system.
 This paper aims to present a solution, which is a developed software which provides better security mechanism by incorporating USB attachment detection, desktop screen shot capture and network connection detection with visited website information, all at one point only. The developed software can be used as a desktop application by any enterprise or an individual user. The software can be installed by the administrator of the system and can monitor user's activity on the system. It keeps a log which the administrator can view any time he wants and monitor his machine. There's also an additional feature to email the log to the admin or send him an alert SMS on his cell-phone so that he can have correct information about the system even when he is located at a different location. It can be used by an enterprise to monitor the activity of their employees or even by individuals to safeguard their system from misuse and hence making employees to make optimal use of the office time.


Since SDS was first reported in Iowa in 1994, soybean growers and agronomists who have experience with this disease have observed that it seems more severe in early planted soybean. Surveys completed by participants of extension winter meetings in Iowa also indicated that fields showing severe defoliation in the fall are likely to have been planted before May. Last year's warm spring and early planting may have contributed to the high prevalence of SDS in the 2002 growing season. Rarely, there are cases of severe SDS in fields planted after May 15. Research in Missouri confirms that the disease is more severe in fields planted in early spring.


&NA; Case histories for three patients with heart failure were presented to an audience of cardiologists, general physicians, geriatricians and other specialists. The delegates responded via key pads to questions concerning management of the patients. The value of noninvasive investigations (eg, chest X‐ray, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, exercise test) in establishing the diagnosis, management and prognosis was demonstrated. Most delegates indicated that they would prescribe angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in mild to moderate heart failure, although low doses were preferred to high doses in elderly patients. The importance of avoiding nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in patients on ACE inhibitor therapy was illustrated.


Magnesium stands for a very attractive material for biodegradable stents because of its natural process and its steady disintegration into the human body by a corrosion process. The objective of the present work is to investigate the effect of the thickness on mechanical properties of the magnesium stent design. A nonlinear transient finite element simulation has been performed to analyze the influence of various thicknesses (from 50µm to 110µm with the increment of 30µm) on the behavior of a magnesium coronary stent. The model was constrained symmetrically to ensure that any virtual rigid movement does not occur during the process of coronary stent expansion. The transient load is applied in three steps in the inner surface of the stent. Four mechanical properties are studied by mathematical modeling with determination of: (1) stent deployment pressure; (2) the intrinsic elastic recoil of the material used; (3) the stent longitudinal recoil; (4) and the stress maps. The results indicate the potential application of magnesium stent and the effect of the thickness on the behavior of magnesium stent design and material.


During brain enlargement between embryonic day (E) 11 and E13, within the limited mouse cranial space enclosed by the scalp consisting of epidermal and preosteogenic mesenchymal layers, the angle between the pons and the medulla decreases. This raises the possibility that the scalp, upon being pushed outwardly by the brain and stretched, in return inwardly recoils to confine and fold the brain. Our stress-releasing tests showed that the scalp recoiled to shrink more extensively at E12~13 than at E15~16 and that the in vivo pre-stretch prerequisite for this recoil response depended physically on the brain (pressurization at 77~93 Pa) and on actomyosin and elastin within the scalp layers. Under non-stretched conditions, scalp cell proliferation declined, while re-stretching of the shrunken scalp rescued proliferation. In scalp-removed heads, pons–medulla folding was reduced, and the spreading of ink from the lateral ventricle to the spinal cord that occurred in scalp-intact embryos (with >5 μl injection) was lost, suggesting that the scalp plays roles in brain morphogenesis and cerebrospinal fluid homeostasis. Thus, the brain and the scalp mechanically interact and collaborate.


Background: Anemia is a significant public health problem in developing countries especially in children, where soil-transmitted helminthes are also rampant. In school-age children, anemia is associated with increased mortality, growth retardation, poor cognitive abilities, reduced school performance, and impaired immune system. Hence, monitoring of the burden of anemia in children is indispensable.
Objective: This study is aimed at determining prevalence of anemia and assessing associated risk factors among children visiting Jimma University Specialized Hospital (JUSH) pediatric outpatient department.
Methods: A facility-based cross sectional study was conducted involving 369 children visiting JUSH from December2012 to February2013. Structured questionnaire was used to gather demographic profile the children and data on risk factors of anemia. Moreover, venous blood and stool specimens were collected for hematological and parasitological investigations, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.
Results: Overall, prevalence of anemia was 33.3% and 17.1% of the children had intestinal parasitic infection (IPIs). After a multivariate logistic regression, younger age (AOR = 3.25, 95%CI = 1.44 - 7.35), male gender (AOR = 2.44, 95%CI = 1.39-4.31), children with illiterate mothers (AOR = 2.38, 95%CI = 1.27 - 4.46), IPIs (AOR = 3.05, 95%CI = 1.56 - 5.95), being stunted (AOR = 3.29, 95%CI = 1.77 - 6.11) and underweight (AOR = 3.63, 95%CI = 1.97 - 6.69) were identified as independent predictors of anemia in the study participants.
Conclusion: This study revealed high prevalence of anemia among the children. Regular screening of children for anemia is recommended. Moreover, creating awareness on the predisposing factors is essential to prevent the long-term tragic outcomes of anemia in the children.


The study was aimed to assess the level of emotional stability of alcohol abusers with respect to marital status, age, family type, socio economic status, education and duration of alcohol intake. To achieve the objective of the study, the sample of 400 alcohol abusers was selected through snow ball sampling technique.  Emotional stability questionnaire by Sanjay Vohraa (2013) was used for the data collection. The data was analyzed by using SPSS 20.0, Statistical techniques used for analyzing data were: Frequencies, Means, and Standard Deviations, were calculated to test the set hypotheses. The findings undercover that majority 61% of respondents reported lower levels of emotional stability.


A clinical trial regimen modulating 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with both folinic acid (FA) and recombinant alpha-2a-interferon (ralpha-2a-IFN) was noted to have a response rate of 54% and median survival of 16.3 months (Grem et al., J Clin Oncol 1993, 11: 1737-45). Reported herein is a phase II trial performed to further examine this regimen in metastatic colorectal cancer. Fifty-one patients with histologically proven, measurable advanced colorectal cancer with no prior therapy for metastatic disease were enrolled. ralpha-2a-IFN, 5 MIU/m2/day was given s.c. on days 1-7. FA, 500 mg/m2/day, and 5-FU, 370 mg/m2/day, were given i.v. on days 2-6. Cycles were repeated at 3 week intervals. Three complete and 12 partial responses were observed for an overall response rate of 29% (95% confidence interval: 18-45%). The median time to treatment failure and median survival were 4.6 and 15.5 months, respectively. Dose-limiting toxicities encountered were gastrointestinal, and included diarrhea, stomatitis, nausea and vomiting. These results do not support the concept of using concurrent ralpha-2a-IFN and FA as biochemical modulators of 5-FU. We observed increased toxicity and similar efficacy compared to using either modulator separately with 5-FU.


RNA stability is important in post-transcriptional gene expression. However, its role during plant male gametophyte development has not been studied in detail, probably because of technical difficulties and because earlier work suggested that, in general, mRNAs expressed during late pollen development would be stable. We determined mRNA stabilities of 12 pollen-expressed genes. We measured pollen mRNA decay during in planta development and in vitro maturation after transcriptional inhibition with ActinomycinD (ActD). Because five of these genes were also expressed in somatic cells we also measured RNA decay in BY2 cells after transcriptional inhibition with ActD. Ten of the mRNAs were highly stable during pollen development (t1/2 > 30 h), including all seven pollen-specific mRNAs. However, two mRNAs showed a logarithmic decrease as pollen development proceeded, both in planta and in vitro. In fact, for one of these two, GUT8-2b, the mRNA level decreased significantly within 3 h. Our results show that many pollen-expressed mRNAs are indeed long-lived but that at least some mRNAs undergo decay during pollen maturation. Thus, there is no overall cytoplasmic condition in pollen that stabilizes mRNAs and specific mRNA turnover mechanisms must exist. We detected reciprocal mRNA stabilities with two genes that are expressed in both BY2 cells and pollen. GUT15 mRNA, known to be unstable (t1/2 < 3 h) in BY2 cells, was highly stable in pollen. In contrast, GRP2 mRNA decayed in pollen but was highly stable in BY2 cells. Therefore, we conclude that mRNA stability can be tissue-specific.


Deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) catalyzes the post-translational formation of the amino acid hypusine. Hypusine is unique to the eukaryotic translational initiation factor 5A (eIF5A), and is required for its functions in mRNA shuttling, translational elongation, and stress granule formation. In recent studies, we showed that DHS promotes cytokine and ER stress signaling in the islet β cell and thereby contributes to its dysfunction in the setting of diabetes mellitus. Here, we review the evidence supporting a role for DHS (and hypusinated eIF5A) in cellular stress responses, and provide new data on the phenotype of DHS knockout mice. We show that homozygous knockout mice are embryonic lethal, but heterozygous knockout mice appear normal with no evidence of growth or metabolic deficiencies. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts from heterozygous knockout mice attenuate acute cytokine signaling, as evidenced by reduced production of inducible nitric oxide synthase, but show no statistically significant defects in proliferation or cell cycle progression. Our data are discussed with respect to the utility of sub-maximal inhibition of DHS in the setting of inflammatory states, such as diabetes mellitus.


Following drastic shifts in the spatial organization of goods production, increasingly fierce competition now forces firms also to look critically at how to organize the production of services. While digitization and advances in information and communication technologies have enabled firms to unbundle service production processes, the increased global availability of skilled labour allows for the relocation of ever more of these processes around the world. As a result, a new geography of services production takes shape: a geography that is defined by new interregional and international divisions of labour and held together by increasingly complex global services production networks. This book examines how the reorganisation of services production alters relations between and generates different sets of challenges and opportunities for economic development in the Global North and the Global South. Drawing from 11 case studies probing various aspects of services production in different parts of the world, the book brings out the remarkable heterogeneity and transformative capacities of services. It successively shows how global trade in services creates new interdependencies between services producing and services consuming regions; reveals how services help to mitigate the impact of and contribute to recovery from economic crises in the Global North; and demonstrates how services offshoring fosters economic development and service-sector driven modernisation processes in the Global South. The book's openness to the heterogeneous and dynamic nature of services production enlarges our understanding of which particular services in which spatiotemporal context have the capacity to generate good jobs, contribute to productivity and drive economic growth. The book stands out from other books in the field in that it combines perspectives on services-driven transformations from both the Global North and the Global South and looks into the role of various services segments. Based on pioneering empirical research and original data it offers a timely contribution to this growing debate. The book provides valuable insights for students, scholars and professionals interested in services, services offshoring, services-driven growth, and socioeconomic transformations in the Global North and South.


A novel discotic triphenylene derivative bearing one triphenylene discogen as core and three cyano-biphenyl moieties was synthesized and its thermal behavior was studied using polarizing optical microscope, differential scanning calorimeter and X-ray diffraction. It was found that this molecule containing [decylene] spacers showed nematic phase. After being mixed with methyl methacrylate (MMA), the discogen showed nematic phase at the mesophase temperature range (64~85 °C) and oriented spontaneously in the mixture after annealing for 2 hours in the mixture. The orientation can be stabilized by the polymerization of MMA. The orientation can be fixed by the polymerization of MMA. It was treated directly on glass substrate, which surface did not treat by polyimide film and confirmed the orientation was proved by X-ray diffraction. This offers If the alignment of the discotic molecules can be freely controlled and fixed, a useful mean to produce new area of optically anisotropic film will be produced with this material.


Civic engagement in decision-making concerning the built environment has become a widely acknowledged practice. Today this is no longer about the dilemma of civic engagement, but rather about the best strategy for the purpose. Games and gamified applications are gaining popularity as efficient tools for civic engagement, which attract and retain participants, as well as foster learning and experimentation. The article presents the case of a role-play urban design game, Participation Game, which was developed in the iterative design process. The initial prototype of the game was transformed from session to session based on the player feedback, collected through questionnaires and debriefings, as well as the analysis of video recordings of game sessions. The overarching goals of the game were, firstly, to familiarise the audience with public hearings of urban design related projects, and, secondly, to find out how the changes in the setup of the game influence the player experience and the outcomes. The findings indicate that game setup limits the opportunities for discussion, and might even steer it towards desirable (for game authors) outcomes.


Abstract Based on a large number of observations carried out in the last decade it appears that the fraction of stars with protoplanetary disks declines steadily between ~1 Myr and ~10 Myr. We do, however, know that the multiplicity fraction of star-forming regions can be as high as >50% and that multiples have reduced disk lifetimes on average. As a consequence, the observed roughly exponential disk decay can be fully attributed neither to single nor binary stars and its functional form may need revision. Observational evidence for a non-exponential decay has been provided by Kraus et al. (2012), who statistically correct previous disk frequency measurements for the presence of binaries and find agreement with models that feature a constantly high disk fraction up to ~3 Myr, followed by a rapid (≲2 Myr) decline. We present results from our high angular resolution observational program to study the fraction of protoplanetary disks of single and binary stars separately. We find that disk evolution timescales of stars bound in close binaries (<100 AU) are significantly reduced compared to wider binaries. The frequencies of accretors among single stars and wide binaries appear indistinguishable, and are found to be lower than predicted from planet forming disk models governed by viscous evolution and photoevaporation.


In this paper we address the problem of scheduled service network design for container freight distribution along rivers, canals, and coastlines. We propose a new concise continuous- time mixed-integer linear programming model that accurately evaluates the time of occurrence of transportation events and the number of containers transshipped between vehicles. Given the transportation network, the eet of available vehicles, the demand and the supply of containers, the sailing time of vehicles, and the structure of costs, the objective of the model is to build a minimum cost service network design and container distribution plan that denes services, their departure and arrival times, as well as vehicle and container routing. The model is solved with a commercial solver and is tested on data instances inspired from real-world problems encountered by EU carrier companies. The results of the computational study show that in scheduled service networks direct routes happen more often when either the eet capacity is tight or the handling costs and the lead time interval increase. The increase of the same parameters leads to the decrease of the number of containers transshipped between vehicles.


BACKGROUND
Little is known about why men fail to seek medical help for urological symptoms.

AIM
This study was designed to document men's perceptions of urinary symptoms and to increase understanding of health-care-seeking behaviour.

METHOD
A stratified random sample of men aged 40-79 years was drawn from the age-sex register of a health centre in Central Scotland. Two hundred men were interviewed using semi-structured qualitative techniques and asked to complete a symptom questionnaire. The response rate was 65%.

RESULTS
Urinary symptoms reported to be most bothersome were dribbling, hesitancy and straining. All but the youngest age group (40-49 years) associated developing urinary symptoms with ageing. This was considered to be a reason not to consult a doctor. Most symptoms were not thought to be serious. Pain, haematuria and acute retention gave cause for concern, and were perceived as reasons for seeking medical help. Although urinary symptoms interfered with selected activities in daily life, this was not a worry to the men and was not seen to be a sufficient reason alone to consult their general practitioner.

CONCLUSION
The insidious development of urinary problems over time reinforces the belief that it is part of getting older and accounts for the accommodation of symptoms within men's everyday living experiences. Bothersomeness associated with urinary symptoms was not synonymous with worry or problems. Doctors must be prepared to initiate discussion about urinary function in order to assess the impact of symptoms on an individual's daily life.


Since Paul David published his economic histories of path dependent innovation the subject has exerted fascination upon scholars of innovation, technological change and, latterly, regional scientists and economic geographers. This paper speaks to the third and fourth of these communities in the main, though it may have theoretical and empirical elements of interest to the first two as well. The paper begins with an overview of recent perspectives and critiques concerning the relevance of the path dependence concept to the understanding of regional economic development and its associated governance. It then goes on to discuss the contribution of evolutionary economic geography to thinking about 'branching' from path dependence and the creation of new paths. Evidence for key generic spatial processes of path transition is provided before the main content of the paper concludes with new insights into the contributions of regional innovation policy to path evolution. Conclusions are then drawn.


Shared automated mobility on-demand (SAMOD) is considered as a promising mobility solution in the future. Users book trips on-demand via a smartphone, and service algorithms set up virtual stops (vStop) where users then need to walk to board the automated shuttle. Navigation and identification of the virtual pickup location, which has no references in the real world, can be challenging. Providing users with an intuitive information system in that situation is essential to achieve high user acceptance of new automated mobility services. Our novel vStop human–machine interface (HMI) prototype for mobile augmented reality (AR) supports users with information in reference to the street environment. This work firstly presented the results of an online interview study (N = 21) to conceptualize an HMI. Secondly, the HMI was prototyped by means of AR and evaluated (N = 45) regarding user experience (UX), workload, and acceptance. The results show that the AR prototype provided high rates of UX especially in terms of high pragmatic quality. Furthermore, cognitive workload when using the HMI was low, and acceptance ratings were high. The results show the positive perception of AR for navigation tasks in general and the highly assistive character of the vStop prototype in particular. In the future, SAMOD services can provide customers with vStop HMIs to foster user acceptance and smooth operation of their service.


This paper deals with the power quality improvement in a conventional electronic load controller (ELC) used for isolated pico-hydropower generation based on an asynchronous generator (AG). The conventional ELC is based on a six-pulse uncontrolled diode bridge rectifier with a chopper and an auxiliary load. It causes harmonic currents injection resulting distortion in the current and terminal voltage of the generator. The proposed ELC employs a 24-pulse rectifier with 14 diodes and a chopper. A polygon wound autotransformer with reduced kilovolts ampere rating for 24-pulse ac-dc converter is designed and developed for harmonic current reduction to meet the power quality requirements as prescribed by IEEE standard-519. The comparative study of two topologies, conventional ELC (six-pulse bridge-rectifier-based ELC) and proposed ELC (24-pulse bridge-rectifier-based ELC) is carried out in MATLAB using SIMULINK and Power System Blockset toolboxes. Experimental validation is carried out for both ELCs for regulating the voltage and frequency of an isolated AG driven by uncontrolled pico-hydroturbine.


Health disparities are an increasingly researched topic in the United States. Evidence of disparities found across the spectrum of health care includes pediatric patients. The purpose of this review is to comprehensively summarize disparities among pediatric trauma patients, evaluating both emergency department and hospital treatment and outcomes. Multiple studies describe disparities in a variety of areas of trauma care including emergency department, radiology, surgery, abuse evaluation, and discharge rehabilitation. More concerning, multiple studies report disparities in length of stay, disability, recidivism, and mortality. This review also highlights several gaps in disparity research including specialty care, inclusion of all racial/ethnic groups, and geographic differences. Few of the reviewed studies described disparity interventions; however, research regarding abuse evaluations showed that care guidelines diminished disparity. Trauma care, a routinized patient service, is subject to existing care guidelines and quality improvement programs, and may be the ideal health care setting for disparity intervention. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Study type review, level V.


This survey investigated psychological services available in schools and programs for hearing-impaired children in New York State and New England States. A total of 95 schools and programs in the seven state area were contacted. The results indicate that most institutions provide psychological services and that the providers of such services perform similar roles. However, most providers lack training in the delivery of psychological services to hearing-impaired children.


In this paper, CrAlSiN coatings are deposited by a lateral rotating cathode arc technique. The high temperature oxidation behaviors of these coatings are studied in ambient atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 800°C-1000°C for an hour. The ternary TiAlN coating is used as the benchmark in this study. The surface morphology and chemical composition of the coating samples before and after oxidation at different temperatures are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), glow discharge optical spectrometry (GDOS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The CrAlSiN coatings show much better oxidation resistance than the TiAlN coatings. TiAlN starts to oxidize from 800oC and forms a complete surface oxide layer after oxidation at 1000oC for an hour. However, CrAlSiN shows a relatively good oxidation resistance below 1000oC and only is oxidized to form a thin oxide scale with a thickness of 0.3 µm at 1000oC for one hour. It is found that the oxidation of both coatings is triggered from the surface metallic droplets generated by the arc deposition process.


This study was undertaken to characterize the clearance of circulating rat glandular kallikrein and to determine the contribution of various organs and the urinary excretion to the removal of glandular kallikrein from the bloodstream. We injected either active 125I-kallikrein or kallikrein inactivated with phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (125I-PMSF-kallikrein) intravenously into intact or nephrectomized rats and then studied the disappearance rate of trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-precipitable radioactivity from the circulation. Inactivation by PMSF markedly reduced the binding of kallikrein to plasma protease inhibitors. The removal rate of the acid-precipitable radioactivity fit a biexponential curve for both active and inactive kallikrein. In the intact rats approximately 50% of the radioactivity was removed from the circulation 30 min after the injection of active 125I-kallikrein. Removal of the kidneys did not significantly affect the clearance of active kallikrein. On the other hand, inactive 125I-PMSF-kallikrein was removed from blood faster than active 125I-kallikrein in normal animals. Approximately 50% of the radioactivity was removed from the circulation 8 min after the injection, and the half-life of inactive 125I-PMSF-kallikrein was markedly prolonged by bilateral nephrectomy. Active 125I-kallikrein was taken up by tissues, particularly the liver and the kidney. In urine, less than 2% of the radioactivity was excreted in 60 min as TCA-precipitable material. We concluded that glandular kallikrein is cleared rapidly from the circulation of the rat, probably in the form of a complex with a plasma protease inhibitor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


On-line measurements of resistance and temperature in melt-spun Cu/sub 90/Ca/sub 10/ ribbons are made using two different annealing techniques: conventional furnace annealing, and linearly varying current Joule heating. The aim of this paper is to consider the electrical current, flowing through the sample during the annealing, as a possible parameter to control thermal treatment parameters and thus the microstructure of these systems. Although an exact way to obtain the temperature from the annealing current remains a difficult task, the on-line changes in resistance with current allows one to identify structural changes in the sample during annealing. Also, because the temperature is found to increase continuously with electrical current, it is possible to calibrate the Joule heating system to precisely determine the annealing temperature.


Anytime planning algorithms often have hyperparameters that can be tuned at runtime to optimize their performance. While work on metareasoning has focused on when to interrupt an anytime planner and act on the current plan, the scope of metareasoning can be expanded to tuning the hyperparameters of the anytime planner at runtime. This paper introduces a general, decision-theoretic metareasoning approach that optimizes both the stopping point and hyperparameters of anytime planning. We begin by proposing a generalization of the standard meta-level control problem for anytime algorithms. We then offer a meta-level control technique that monitors and controls an anytime algorithm using deep reinforcement learning. Finally, we show that our approach boosts performance on a common benchmark domain that uses anytime weighted A* to solve a range of heuristic search problems and a mobile robot application that uses RRT* to solve motion planning problems.


- Surface potential is one key variable in DG MOSFET compact modeling. A complete surface potential versus voltage equation and its continuous solution from the accumulation to strong inversion region are presented in this paper for undoped (lightly doped) symmetric double-gate (DG) MOSFETs. The results are based on the exact solution of Poisson's equation with an amending mathematical condition of the continuity, allowing the surface potential to be accurately described from the accumulation region, through sub-threshold, finally to the strong inversion region. From presented surface potential solution, the dependence of the surface potential and corresponding gate capacitance on the quasi-Fermi-potential, silicon film thickness, gate oxide layer, and temperature are tested running different parameters, showing the solution continuity, smoothing, and high accuracy, compared with the 2-D numerical simulation. The presented equation and its solution will be useful in developing a complete surface potential-based DG-MOSFET compact model.


ABSTRACT Research on business incubation has been dominated by studies exploring university-industry technology transfer and high technology accelerators. Less is known about Business Incubation Centres (BICs), specifically, how their formal and informal structures may impact upon client development. Drawing on concepts from the community of practice (CoP) literature and organizational culture, we explore if BICs can be considered to be CoPs. We also seek to unravel the key elements which underpin the culture of a BIC and how these elements may provide enabling or constraining conditions for a CoP to emerge. Through a qualitative methodology of regional-based BICs in Ireland, we illustrate how the amount of time spent on campus; the nature of the working week; the scalability of the enterprise; and the capacity of the enterprise to meet the criteria associated with high potential start-ups influences clients' perceptions of the value of BICs. We provide new theoretical insights which suggest that BICs are a CoP with a culture that can be studied, captured, and illustrated. Practical and policy implications are suggested to enhance the effectiveness of BICs for both clients and regions.


Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to be a major public health problem globally, affecting the quality of life as well as causing serious morbidity and mortality. STIs have a direct and significant impact on reproductive and pregnant women-child health. They can directly cause infertility, cancers as well as pregnancy-related complications, and indirectly affects individual/ family economies. The information on the number of PW found to be seropositive for Syphilis among women attending antenatal care in India and the number of babies diagnosed with Congenital Syphilis is collected from HMIS electronic records of MoHFW, Government of India with a key objective to know about the impact of covid-19 era i.e. 2020 and 2021 on the prevalence of syphilis by comparing it with the pre-pandemic era of 2018 and 2019. I collected seropositivity data for Syphilis among women attending antenatal care in India and the number of babies diagnosed with Congenital Syphilis across 36 states and union territories of India including all health facilities viz. public, private, rural, urban health facilities. The data is collected, observed, and analyzed with Microsoft office software. The total number of pregnancies and deliveries has shown a declining trend during pandemic years as compared to the pre-pandemic era. Year-wise maximum number of syphilis-positive pregnant women treated for syphilis was reported in 2021. The mean number of babies per month diagnosed with congenital syphilis increased in the pandemic era whereas the mean number of babies per month treated with congenital syphilis decreased during the pandemic era. This research study revealed that there is an increasing trend in, the number of PW tested using the POC test for Syphilis, out of the above, the number of PW found seropositive for Syphilis, a number of babies diagnosed with Congenital Syphilis, and total pregnant women tested found seropositive for Syphilis by any test during pandemic years as compared to pre-pandemic years.


Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a large-scale global epidemic, impacting international politics and the economy. At present, there is no particularly effective medicine and treatment plan. Therefore, it is urgent and significant to find new technologies to diagnose early, isolate early, and treat early. Multimodal data drove artificial intelligence (AI) can potentially be the option. During the COVID-19 Pandemic, AI provided cutting-edge applications in disease, medicine, treatment, and target recognition. This paper reviewed the literature on the intersection of AI and medicine to analyze and compare different AI model applications in the COVID-19 Pandemic, evaluate their effectiveness, show their advantages and differences, and introduce the main models and their characteristics. Methods We searched PubMed, arXiv, medRxiv, and Google Scholar through February 2020 to identify studies on AI applications in the medical areas for the COVID-19 Pandemic. Results We summarize the main AI applications in six areas: (I) epidemiology, (II) diagnosis, (III) progression, (IV) treatment, (V) psychological health impact, and (VI) data security. The ongoing development in AI has significantly improved prediction, contact tracing, screening, diagnosis, treatment, medication, and vaccine development for the COVID-19 Pandemic and reducing human intervention in medical practice. Discussion This paper provides strong advice for using AI-based auxiliary tools for related applications of human diseases. We also discuss the clinicians' role in the further development of AI. They and AI researchers can integrate AI technology with current clinical processes and information systems into applications. In the future, AI personnel and medical workers will further cooperate closely.


Driver\'s cognitive state monitoring system has been implicated as a causal factor for the safety driving
 issue, especially when the driver fell asleep or distracted in driving. However, the limitation in developing this system
 is lack of a major indicator which can be applied to a realistic application. In our past studies, we investigated the
 physiological changes in the transition of driver\'s cognitive state by using EEG power spectrum analysis and found
 that the features in the occipital area were highly correlated with the driver\'s driving performance. In this study, we
 construct an EEG-based self-constructed neural fuzzy system to estimate the driver\'s cognitive state by using the
 EEG features from the occipital area. Experimental results show that the proposed system had the better performance
 than other neural networks. Moreover, the proposed system can not only be limited to apply to individual subjects but
 also sufficiently works in between subjects.


The SCARAB software is a tool for calculating the motion and aerothermal destruction of spacecraft entering the Earth's atmosphere. To increase the accuracy of the re-entry simulation for spacecraft containing CFRP as wall material, the modelling of the properties of CFRP was improved. Different to the simple conventional "metallic" model with monolithic properties a sophisticated model with different zones with different properties and taking into account additional effects was developed. First a mathematical model was formulated, which was then converted to a numerical model. The numerical 1D model was tested in a testbed software, then implemented into the SCARAB software and applied to wind tunnel conditions and the re-entry of the ROSAT satellite.


In this paper we proposed a automated Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based classification system for cardiac arrhythmia using standard 12 lead ECG recordings. In this study, we are mainly interested in producing high confident arrhythmia classification results to be applicable in diagnostic decision support systems. In arrhythmia analysis, it is unavoidable that some attribute values of a person would be missing. Therefore we have replaced these missing attributes by closest column value of the concern class. Multilayer percepron (MLP) feedforward neural network model with static backpropagation algorithm is used to classify arrhythmia cases into normal and abnormal classes. Networks models are trained and tested for UCI ECG arrhythmia data set. This data set is a good environment to test classifiers as it is incomplete and ambiguous bio-signal data collected from total 452 patient cases. The classification performance is evaluated using six measures; sensitivity, specificity, classification accuracy, mean squared error (MSE), receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and area under curve (AUC). Our experimental results give 86.67% testing classification accuracy.


Introduction to the Supply Chain A Primer on Supply Chain Management, J.B. Ayers Electronic Commerce, R. Drummond Is Supply Chain Management the Same as ERP? J.B. Ayers e-Factory Technology Solution Sets, A.N. Beavers, Jr. Hot Information Technology Issues, J. Kanter Information Darwinism: The Impact of the Internet on Global Manufacturing, E.A. Marks Understanding E-Commerce Strategically: The Dawn of IT Fighting, B.H. Boar Supply Chain Strategies, J.B. Ayers Building a Leadership Organization, B. Jeffrey Stages in Information Systems Management, D.S. Tan Task 1: Designing Supply Chains for Competitive Advantage The New Value Chain, D. Aldrich Results-Based IT in an Era of Process, L.R. DeJarnett The Enterprise Resource Planning System as a Strategic Solution, R.L Jenson and I.R. Johnson Strategic Implications of Electronic Linkages, D. Young, H.H. Carr, and R.K. Rainer, Jr. The Evolution of EDI for Competitive Advantage: The FedEx Case, M.L. Williams and M.N. Frolick Portfolio Techniques Eliminate Lingering IT Management Problems, M. Bills Developing a Global Information Vision, T. Christmann Aligning Strategies, Processes, and Information Technology: A Case Study, R. Feurer, K. Chaharbaghi, M. Weber, and J. Wargin Task 2: Implementing Collaborative Relationships Supply Chain Information Systems: Putting the Process First, J.B. Ayers The New Enabling Role of the IT Infrastructure, J.W. Ross and J.F. Rockart Are Human Resources Departments Ready for e-HR? M. Karakanian The CIO Role in the Era of Dislocation, J.E. Showalter Enterprise Transformation and Data Management, R. Lee Transformation through Proactive Systems: A Case Study, Marsha Lewin, Keith Kennedy, and James B. Ayers EUC Professionals as Change Agents, S.L. Stokes, Jr. An Information Architecture for the Global Manufacturing Enterprise, R.L. Sloan and H.H. Green Organizational Pitfalls of Reengineering, D.P. Cardarelli, R. Agarwal, and M. Tanniru Quality and Change Management, Y.A. Pollalis Developing Reward and Compensation Systems to Motivate Self-Managed Teams, M. Weiss Task 3: Forging Supply Chain Partnerships Reengineering the Supply Chain: The Next Hurdle, Scott Stephens, C. Gustin, and J. B. Ayers Interorganizational Systems and Supply Chain Management: An Information Processing Perspective, G.P. Premkumar Are You in Control of Your E-Commerce Strategy? A.J. Czuchry, M.M. Yasin, and P. Bayes Business-to-Business Exchanges, M. Tumolo Partnering on Extranets for Strategic Advantage, S. Chan and T.R.V. Davis An Implementor's Guide to E-Commerce, J. Care Root Cause: Weak Links, J.B. Ayers Outsourcing and Long-Term Strategy, W.R. King Public Web Sites as a Component of Corporate Supplier Communication, D. Young Application Service Providers, D.T. Dewire Task 4: Managing Supply Chain Information Infocentric Automation: An IT View of Controls, E.A. Marks Web-Based Data Warehousing: Fundamentals, Challenges, and Solutions, L. Chen and M.N. Frolick Web-Enabled Data Warehouses, M. Ayala-Bush, J. Jordan, and W. Kuketz Data Warehousing Stages of Growth, H. Watson, T. Ariyachandra, and R.J. Matyska, Jr. Leveraging Developed Software: An Economic Perspective, H.H. Green and R. Walker Leveraging Developed Software: Organizational Implications, H.H. Green and R. Walker Business-to-Business Integration Using E-Commerce, I. Gileadi The Future of Application Service Providers, M. Raisinghani and M. Kwiatkowski Refurbishing Legacy Systems: An Effective Approach to Maintenance, W.F. Lenihan Task 5: Making Money from the Supply Chain Shifting to Distributed Computing, R. Ross Knowledge Management for E-Business Performance: Advancing Information Strategy to "Internet Time", Y. Malhotra Supply Chain Prestudies, J.B. Ayers Improving Supply Chain Management for the Mining and Metals Industry, P. Held and K. Kelton Enhancing Manufacturing Performance with ERP Systems, R. Palaniswamy and T. Frank Technology, Inventory, and the Supply Chain: Roles in Business Model Building, J.B. Ayers Managing Customer Expectations, Holmes Miller ERP, One Letter at a Time, B. Jeffery and J. Morrison Whether to Outsource and Downsize, D.B. Hoyt


Efficacy of partial order reduction in reducing state space relies on adequate extraction of the independence relation among possible behaviors. However, traditional approaches by statically analyzing system model structures are often not able to reveal enough independence for reduction. To address such a problem, this paper presents a behavioral analysis approach that uses a compositional reachability analysis method to generate the over-approximate local state spaces for all modules in a system where a much more precise independence relation can be extracted for partial order reduction. Compared to the static analysis approaches, significantly higher reduction on complexity can be seen in a number of non-trivial examples, and as a consequence, dramatically less time and memory are required to finish these examples.


Secure group communication is an important research area and numerous applications are relied upon secure group communication model. Since the group is dynamic in nature, rekeying must be carried out in an efficient manner. Member leave event should be handled carefully compared to member join event. In some applications like pay-per-view, periodical electronic information distribution etc., many users join and leave the group at the same moment known as bursty behavior. In this paper, we propose schemes for handling cumulative member removal and bursty behavior. We use m-ary key tree for managing the secure group and maintain only m keys at each level of the key tree. We start with a scheme for cumulative member removal and then we handle all the possible bursty behavior scenarios. We analyze the communication and computation costs for worst cases. We compare the costs of our scheme with the schemes proposed by Li et al. (2001) and binary key tree scheme of Zou, Magliveras, and Ramamurthy (2002). We show that in our scheme the number of new keys generated and encryptions performed are less compared to Li et al. (2001) and Zou, Magliveras, and Ramamurthy (2002) schemes.


Cooling has a significant share in energy consumption, especially in hot tropical regions. The conventional mechanical vapor compression (MVC) cycle, widely used for air-conditioning needs, has high energy consumption as air is cooled down to a dew point to remove the moisture. Decoupling the latent cooling load through dehumidification from the sensible cooling load can significantly improve the energy requirement for air-conditioning applications. Solid desiccants have shown safe and reliable operation against liquid desiccants, and several configurations of solid desiccants dehumidifiers are studied to improve their performance. However, the characteristics of solid desiccants are critical for the performance and overall operation of the dehumidifier. The properties of every desiccant depend upon its porous adsorbing surface characteristics. Hence, it has an optimum performance for certain humid conditions. Therefore, for a better dehumidification performance in a specific tropical region, the solid desiccant must have the best performance, according to the humidity range of that region. In this article, a theoretical methodology has been discussed to help the industry and chemists to understand the porous structural properties of adsorbent surfaces needed to tune the material performance for a particular humidity value before material synthesis.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES
To study the relationship between hemodynamic parameters before heart transplantation and the mortality rate at the first week posttransplant.

METHODS
85 patients had an orthotopic heart transplant. Before the operation we measured: vascular pulmonary resistance, index of vascular pulmonary resistance, pulmonary arterial pressure systolic and median and transpulmonary gradient. Ten patients with values of vascular pulmonary resistance higher than four Wood units and/or pulmonary artery systolic pressure higher than 60 mmHg, had a test of pulmonary vascular reactivity, the result of that test did not contraindicate the transplant. We used the Student's t test and chi 2 with continuity correction and the Fisher's exact test for the analysis of the data.

RESULTS
During the study period eight patients were dead (9.4%). The causes of death were: acute disfunction of the graft, 5 patients; multiorgan failure, 2 patients and septic shock, 1 patient. We compared the parameters of both groups of patients live and dead and could find a significant difference between the data with higher values in the death group: pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (p < 0.01); pulmonary arterial median pressure (p < 0.03) and transpulmonary gradient (p < 0.02). We also saw that the relative risk of mortality was 10.4 when the pulmonary artery systolic pressure was > or = 50 mmHg and 5.7 when the pulmonary vascular resistance was > or = 5 Wood units.

CONCLUSIONS
It is important a good evaluation of the pulmonary hemodynamic before the heart transplantation for a better selection of the receptor. The severe pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary vascular resistance > or = 5 Wood units or pulmonary artery systolic pressure > or = 50 mmHg) was associated with a higher rate of early death.


The discrepancies between polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin to polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD to PCDF) ratios in laboratory and field studies in the exhaust of combustion sources are not fully explained by available formation models. In this paper we present the results of experimental studies of the surface mediated formation of PCDD/F at the conditions mimicking the combustion cool zone from a mixture of 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1,2-DCBz) and 2-monochlorophenol (2-MCP) over a model surface consisting of 5% CuO/Silica. The PCDD to PCDF ratio was found to be strongly dependent on the ratio of chlorinated benzenes to chlorinated phenols and oxygen content. The higher the 1,2-DCBz to 2-MCP ratio, the lower the PCDD to PCDF ratio. PCDFs are formed predominantly from chlorinated benzenes, while chlorinated phenols are responsible for majority of PCDDs. These laboratory results are in general agreement with full-scale measurement and can be used to improve predictive models of PCDD/F formation.


The article presents a summary of the most important results obtained during the studies of the heat balance at Lake Baikal since the 1930s. The systematic regime measurements of water temperature initiated in Limnological Institute since 1970 indicated the features of the spatial structure and temporal changes in the elements of the Baikal heat balance. We have determined the magnitude of the annual evaporation from the surface of Lake Baikal by the independent method considering the data on temperature of the water column.
We have investigated one of the main renewal processes of deep and near-bottom Baikal waters associated with thermobaric effect. As a result of this effect, the water renewal and aeration in the near-bottom layer annually occurs under certain hydrological conditions. We have determined the vertical flows of mass, heat and gas exchange of the upper and deep layers in Lake Baikal. We have studied the effect of changes in the characteristics (indices) of the atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere on the variability of the characteristics of climate and ice-thermal regime at Baikal, i.e. air temperature and water surface temperature, ice thickness, as well as dates of ice phenomena during the modern period. Anomalies of the atmospheric circulation are most obvious in the ice processes. We have found the relationship between the water temperature of the warm (May-September) period and the indicators of the zonal circulation (positive relationship), as well as indices of the formations blocking the western transfer (negative relationship). There is an obvious effect on the water surface temperature of the winter circulation indices. We have shown that these changes are associated with the fluctuations in the intensity of the zonal circulation and the baric formations blocking them. There is the effect of circulation on the moisture characteristics (precipitation and runoff), but it is complicated by large differences in climate within the Baikal catchment area.


This paper studies route choices and traffic equilibria when travel times are risky, and travelers are regret averse. It is shown how Regret Theory, being one of the most widely used contenders of Expected Utility Theory throughout the social sciences, can be applied to model risky route choices by means of an Expected Modified Utility Function. Subsequently this function is used to study numerically how risk aversion and regret aversion jointly determine equilibrium outcomes in a simple binary route choice situation. It is found that increasing levels of regret aversion lead to equilibrium shifts towards routes whose mean travel time is low, routes that are less risky and especially routes whose worst-case travel time is low compared to that of the competing route. Furthermore, risk aversion and regret aversion are found to reinforce each other's impact on equilibrium towards a situation where safer routes are preferred over riskier (but faster) ones.


Introduction: Different factors such as respiratory disorders, genetics, facial growth pattern, tongue malfunction and malposition are associated with anterior open bite. Skeletal open bite is often appeared by increased posterior dentoalveolar height of maxilla and backward rotation of mandible. Many treatment approaches have been developed for treatment of increased facial height problems. Achieving absolute anchorage has been a very efficient device for intrusion of posterior segments. In this article, the treatment of patient with severe skeletal open bite and facial imbalances was explained .researchers of the present study used mini screws for leveling of upper arch by intrusion of premolars .Then, appropriate orthognathic surgery was done.


In this paper, we apply an assumption of the reconnecting heliospheric current sheet (HCS) for explanation of some contradictory results in the experimental detection of the sector boundaries (SBs) from the interplanetary magnetic field and electron pitch-angle measurements. Trajectories, densities, velocity, and pitch-angle distributions of particles accelerated by a super-Dreicer electric field are investigated with 2.5D full kinetic particle-in-cell approach in the HCS assumed to undergo a slow magnetic reconnection process with magnetic field configurations deduced from the solar wind observations. This approach reveals that during motion in a current sheet both kinds of particles, electrons and protons, are to be separated, either fully or partially, with respect to its midplane that can lead to their ejection to the opposite semiplanes that was also observed during the HCS crossings. This separation is found to form Hall's currents and polarization electric field across the current sheet, which distribution over the current sheets allows us to reproduce the magnitudes and temporal profiles of proton and ion velocities measured across the SB (current sheet midplane). This separation process, in turn, divides both kinds of particles on "transit" and "bounced" ones depending on a side of the current sheet where they enter it and where they are supposed to be ejected. The transit and bounced protons reproduce rather closely the measured distributions of proton/ion densities about the current sheet midplane with a larger maximum occurring at the heliospheric SB to be formed by the bounced protons and the other two smaller maximums on both sides from the central one to be formed by "transit" protons. The observed electron distributions of density and energy before and after sector boundary crossings are found to fit the simulated ones for electrons accelerated in a current sheet revealing a sharp increase of density from one side from the HCS boundary and a depression from the other side. The transit electrons are shown to gain energies up to ten of keV while the bounced ones gain only a few tens of eV as often measured in the HCS with a single crossing that results in the bump-in-tail electron distributions leading to Langmuir turbulence. The bounced electrons are shown to be responsible for the increased density of electrons detected at some distance from the HCS boundary (midplane) with the horse shoe-like or medallion- (or locket)-type distributions in pitch angles with the distance, at which electrons turn away from the HCS, being dependent on a magnitude of the guiding magnetic field.