The paper is meant as a necessary radiograph of the roles which a foreign language teacher may or, rather, should assume in an ICT based class, in response to the current knowledge society high demands and expectations from education. The question arises whether a teacher focused both on instruction, but mainly on construction, i.e. on the students and on their learning, can develop as a reflective professional, thus contributing to better ensuring the educational process increased efficiency against the teaching context constraints, of which time is perhaps the most important one. In order to obtain a more clear perspective, a debate is initiated on whether the teacher's new roles, required by the use of ICT in the teaching/learning/evaluation cycle, such as that of a facilitator, can be successfully performed, while maintaining the essentially positive humanistic characteristics that foster a foreign language class. In order to illustrate this thesis, a case study, presenting in detail a language teacher's evolution in this respect, is provided. The analysis which is carried out takes into consideration a presentation of the teacher's profile, as well as her ICT focused training in its dynamic development throughout a decade of teaching English using ICT in different manners. An essential shift of focus has taken place during this period in the teacher's approach to using the modern technology in class, from the initial - unavoidable! - enthusiastic exaggeration of its role, toward a perspective that is characterized by well justified options from the pedagogical point of view, and which should enrich the humanistic context of the foreign language class. The main stages in the teacher's increasing awareness of the best ways of approaching and using ICT in the language class are described and commented upon. Examples of various means of implementing ICT in the English classes at tertiary education level are given as an illustration of this evolution.


This work presents innovative origami optimization methods for the design of unit cells for complex origami tessellations that can be utilized for the design of deployable structures. The design method used to create origami tiles utilizes the principles of discrete topology optimization for ground structures applied to origami crease patterns. The initial design space shows all possible creases and is given the desired input and output forces. Taking into account foldability constraints derived from Maekawa's and Kawasaki's theorems, the algorithm designates creases as active or passive. Geometric constraints are defined from the target 3D object. The periodic reproduction of this unit cell allows us to create tessellations that are used in the creation of deployable shelters. Design requirements for structurally sound tessellations are discussed and used to evaluate the effectiveness of our results. Future work includes the applications of unit cells and tessellation design for origami inspired mechanisms. Special focus will be given to self-deployable structures, including shelters for natural disasters.


Background: Immune and targeted therapies continue to transform treatment outcomes for those with metastatic melanoma. However, the role of palliative care within this treatment paradigm is not well understood. Aim: To explore bereaved carers' experiences of immune and targeted therapy treatment options towards end of life for patients with metastatic melanoma. Design: An interpretive, qualitative study using a social constructivist framework was utilised. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using grounded theory methods. Setting/participants: Participants (n = 20) were bereaved carers of patients who had received some form of immune and/or targeted therapy at one of three Australian metropolitan melanoma treatment centres. Results: Carers struggled to reconcile the positive discourse around the success of immune and targeted therapies in achieving long-term disease control, and the underlying uncertainty in predicting individual responses to therapy. Expectations that immune and targeted therapies necessarily provide longer-term survival were evident. Difficulty in prognostication due to clinical uncertainty and a desire to maintain hope resulted in lack of preparedness for treatment failure and end of life. Conclusion: Immune and targeted therapies have resulted in increased prognostic challenges. There is a need to engage, educate and support patients and carers to prepare and plan amid these challenges. Educational initiatives must focus on improving communication between patients, carers and clinicians; the differences between palliative and end-of-life care; and increased competency of clinicians in having goals-of-care discussions. Clinicians must recognise and communicate the benefit of collaborative palliative care to meet patient and family needs holistically and comprehensively.


Literacy instruction for students with significant intellectual disabilities traditionally emphasizes isolated skills instruction focusing on sight words and basic vocabulary. Recent research suggests these students benefit from high-quality instruction that includes comprehension and storybook reading. This study examined the effect of a technology-based universal design for learning (UDL) approach to literacy instruction, Literacy by Design (LBD), on the reading achievement of 16 students with significant intellectual disabilities in Grades K–2. The LBD approach emphasizes reading for meaning, combining UDL-scaffolded e-books and letter and word recognition software. Nine teachers received training in research-based literacy practices. Of these, five received LBD training and implemented it four to five times weekly. Controlling for initial reading achievement, the LBD group made significantly greater gains on the Woodcock–Johnson Test of Achievement III Passage Comprehension subtest. Implications for research and practice in beginning reading instruction for children with significant intellectual disabilities are discussed.


This paper aims to identify local recreational use values for recreation in and adjacent to the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park using the travel cost methodology, focusing on beach, island, and fishing, boating and sailing trips. Of the 1051 responses to the survey, drawn randomly from households between Bundaberg and Cairns, 87% indicated they had taken a trip to one beach ("most preferred beach"), 73% undertook a trip to a second beach ("second most preferred beach"), 30% undertook a trip to an island, and 42% undertook a fishing/boating/sailing trip over the last two years. Probit models were used to represent the choice to take a recreation activity, while count data models (zero truncated negative binomial models) were used to model the zero truncated positive integer count data. Average values per person per trip per day were estimated at $35 for beaches, $331 for Islands, and $183 for fishing, boating and sailing activities (although the value for the latter group is not significant). Additional information about how variation within population groups may affect the demand for recreation activities has been gained by trailing the use of quantile regression models to estimate recreation values as well as the more standard count data models. The results are likely to represent the lower value of recreation activities because travel time and location investment costs have not been included in the analysis.


BH3 mimetics are a new class of proapo-ptotic anticancer agents that have shown considerable promise in preclinical animal models and early-stage human trials. These agents act by inhibiting the pro-survival function of one or more Bcl-2-related proteins. Agents that inhibit Bcl-x(L) induce rapid platelet death that leads to thrombocytopenia; however, their impact on the function of residual circulating platelets remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that the BH3 mimetics, ABT-737 or ABT-263, induce a time- and dose-dependent decrease in platelet adhesive function that correlates with ectodomain shedding of the major platelet adhesion receptors, glycoprotein Ibα and glycoprotein VI, and functional down-regulation of integrin α(IIb)β(3). Analysis of platelets from mice treated with higher doses of BH3 mimetics revealed the presence of a subpopulation of circulating platelets undergoing cell death that have impaired activation responses to soluble agonists. Functional analysis of platelets by intravital microscopy revealed a time-dependent defect in platelet aggregation at sites of vascular injury that correlated with an increase in tail bleeding time. Overall, these studies demonstrate that Bcl-x(L)-inhibitory BH3 mimetics not only induce thrombocytopenia but also a transient thrombocytopathy that can undermine the hemostatic function of platelets.


The expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor, encoded by the Met oncogene, is elevated in ovarian and a variety of cancers. Here we show that human ovarian cancer cells with high Met expression were more sensitive to the cell motility and invasion effect of HGF. Met down-regulation by small interfering RNAs or K252a resulted in reduced migration in response to HGF. The invasive/migratory phenotype activated by HGF can be blocked by specific inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) cascade, inhibitor of p70, and also the expression of a dominant-negative Akt, demonstrating that HGF transmits the motogenic signal through PI3K and Akt to p70. A significant role for p70 in cell invasion is further supported by the observation that expression of constitutively active forms of p70 is sufficient to induce invasive and migratory phenotypes in ovarian cancer cells. Importantly, activation of p70 stimulated expression and proteolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and cellular invasion, whereas it had little effect on MMP-2, suggesting for the first time that MMP-9 up-regulation by p70 as a key step for HGF-induced invasion and migration. These data suggest that interfering p70 may provide a novel means of controlling tumor cell invasiveness. (Endocrinology 147: 2557–2566, 2006)


There is an ongoing debate on how parents and the cooperation between parents and teachers contribute to educational inequality. In this study, the assumption that information and trust in parent–teacher cooperation mediate the effects of parent socioeconomic status (SES) on student achievement in mathematics and instruction language (German) was examined. The effects of information and trust on achievement were assumed to be mediated by parent self-efficacy expectation in German. The hypotheses were tested using a sample with 1001 students from 4 to 6 grade and their parents in Swiss primary schools using questionnaires and achievement tests at the beginning and the end of a school year. Results from structural equation models with longitudinal data showed that parent trust and parent self-efficacy expectation fully mediated the effect of SES and student achievement in language instruction but not in mathematics. Information did not correlate with SES nor with student achievement, but with trust. Parental trust in the cooperation with teachers affected achievement in both mathematics and German. The model combines the research on parental involvement with the research on educational inequality in school. Teachers need to establish trust in cooperation with low-SES parents to reduce educational inequality in school.


Abstract How well can we estimate the incoming ice flux by calculating the ice flux through a well-defined cross-section? We test this by comparing calculated ice flux out from the small glacier Bonnevie-Svendsenbreen with the measured accumulation rate integrated over the well-defined catchment area in the Sivorgfjella plateau, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica (74˚45' S, 11˚10' W). The ice flux is calculated using ice-dynamical properties from an ice temperature model and the distribution of forces calculated using a force-budget model. The input we use includes velocity data of the glacier surface, combined with ice-thickness measurements. The result is an accumulation rate on the Sivorgfjella plateau of 0.50 ± 0.05 mw.e. a–1. We find that this is similar to the accumulation rate recorded by ground-penetrating radar work in the area. We therefore find the balance-flow method, in combination with the force-budget technique and ice temperature modeling, to be a useful tool for studies of mass fluxes in a catchment area. The most important source of uncertainty in these calculations is the quality and the spatial distribution of the ice surface velocity data. The high accumulation rate shows the effect of orographic enhancement on accumulation in montane areas in Antarctica.


Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed types of differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid. It is stated that lung is the most common site of metastasis followed by bone. The incidence of paranasal sinus (PNS) metastasis is fairly uncommon in case of thyroid carcinoma. To the best of our knowledge, no case of metastatic PTC to nasal cavity has been reported. In this case report, we present the first case of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid with nasal cavity metastases in a 55-year-old female. The patient underwent surgical treatment and the mass was completely removed and sent for pathology. The pathology report revealed that it was metastatic papillary cell carcinoma. Surgical approach is usually difficult in view of the cosmetic and functional concerns, but may be considered in selected cases. As described herein, this rare type of metastasis was successfully removed and the patient was symptoms free after 1-year follow-up.


Article history: Received April 23, 2012 Received in revised format 26 October 2012 Accepted 28 October 2012 Available online October 29 2012 As one of the new producing approaches, lean production has brought in new opportunities for producers all around the world. Many producers have adopted the technique for surviving the growing world market. By combining competitive advantages, lean attributes, and lean enablers as three factors, the present study attempts to determine the most suitable enablers for improvement of lean attributes in a case study. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) in fuzzy environment and House of Quality (HOQ) matrix, successfully employed for development of new products, are adopted as approach of the study. Weights of competitive advantages, lean attributes and enablers are calculated through fuzzy analysis hierarchy process (FAHP), while fuzzy logarithmic least square method (LLSM) is used in calculation of the weights. Throughout the methodology, fuzzy logic is the basis for translating linguistic judgments required for the relationships and correlation matrix to numerical values. Moreover, final ranking of lean enablers is represented through area ranking method and taking into account various modes of decision makers' risk. Finally, a case study in automotive industry is introduced to demonstrate the implementation of the proposed methodology. © 2013 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


Abstract Lavandin (Lavandula x intermedia), a hybrid between L. angustifolia (English lavender) and L. latifolia (spike lavender), is a valuable aromatic and medicinal plant cultivated in the world. Lavandin essential oil with characteristic scent and fragrance properties is mainly used in cosmetics, perfumes and pharmaceutical industries. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of foliar application of 24-epibrassinolide (24-eBL), a brassinosteroid analogue, on growth and secondary metabolite production of lavandin (Lavandula x intermedia var. Super). 24-eBL at 0, 0.75, 1.5 and 2.25 mg/L concentrations was applied to 8 years old plants twice. The highest growth parameters were obtained from the plants applied with 1.5 and 2.25 mg/L of 24-eBL. 24-eBL also increased the total phenolics and essential oil contents. Especially 1.5 mg/L 24-eBL application was the most suitable concentration for total phenolic and essential oil contents. Besides 24-eBL also modified essential oil composition. The percentages of linalyl acetate and 1,8-cineol increased while some of the components such as camphor, borneol, geraniol and lavandulyl acetate decreased with the 24-eBL applications. To conclude, 24-eBL may be a promising compound for use in lavandin cultivation because of its positive effects on plant growth, phenolic content, essential oil content and oil quality.


Generic skills are skills that are common to all graduates rather than specific for a particular field of study. They include communication and problem-solving skills and the ability to work successfully in teams. To produce graduates with these skills, university courses must include exercises that encourage development of these skills and assessment procedures which reward achievement in these areas. This paper describes three simple exercises designed to develop generic skills that can easily be incorporated into existing courses.


In this paper, we introduce heterogeneous methods to analyze and discover user profiles on Online Social Networks (OSNs).We are the first to investigate such methods to profile users on multiple OSNs (Facebook, Twitter, Google+, etc.). In addition, we perform reliable analytics, i.e., users in the datasets are identical. Deeply speaking, if we have a dataset of n number of user profiles on Facebook, we do not analyze n different profiles on corresponding OSN. However, we first perform a user Profile Matching (PM) task from a seed dataset (Facebook for instance) and then match these profiles inside this dataset to their corresponding profiles on other OSNs, then we start our User Profile Analysis and Discovery task (UPAD). We show that our UPAD methods uncover very interesting facts about OSN users.


ABSTRACT Plio-Pleistocene sandstones from the Coastal Range of eastern Taiwan provide a record of shifting source areas and unroofing events in adjacent arc and accretionary-wedge terranes during the early stages of are-continent collision. In latest Miocene and early Pliocene time, arc-derived sediments were deposited in a precollisional forearc basin between the Luzon volcanic arc and the Manila Trench. Sandstones of this age are rich in zoned plagioclase, volcanic lithic fragments, and pelagic foraminifera and contain only minor quartz and sedimentary-metasedimentary lithic fragments. In contrast, lower Pliocene to lower Pleistocene sandstones are poor in feldspar and volcanic fragments and contain abundant sedimentary and metasedimentary lithic fragments. This reflects a provenance shift f om the volcanic arc to the uplifted (meta) sedimentary accretionary wedge of proto-Taiwan, which resulted from the early Pliocene onset of arc-continent collision. A refined classification of sedimentary and metasedimentary lithic fragments is introduced here and used to interpret the early evolution of the collisional orogen. Lithic fragments are rich in pelitic minerals and are divided into: 1) sedimentary (Ls) = mudstone, shale, siltstone, chert and argillite; 2) low-grade metamorphic (Lm1) = slate, slatey siltstone, and quartzite; and 3) medium-grade metamorphic (Lm2) = phyllite-schist, phyllitic quartzite and quartz-mica-albite aggregate. A good correlation is observed between these lithic fragment types and bedrock lithologies exposed in the present-day Central Range of Taiwan. Based on this correlation, the change in relative abundance of sedimentary and metasedimentary lithic fragments through time has been used to interpret an unroofing sequence for the collisional fold-and-thrust belt. Lower Pliocene Taiwan-derived sandstones are rich in sedimentary lithic fragments (Ls), which were shed from the accretionary wedge during the earliest stages of arc-continent collision. From early Pliocene to early Pleistocene time, sandstones became progressively depleted in Ls lithic fragments and enriched first in Lm1 and later in Lm2 fragments, as deeper levels in the metamorphic complex were uplifted and exposed to erosion. Regional metamorphism of biotite-grade rocks (= Lm2) occurred at about 4.5 Ma at depths of 12-15 km (Ernst 1983) and were uplifted to the surface by about 1.4 Ma (this study). These ages give an uplift rate of 4 to 5 km/m.y., which is in good agreement with independent estimates based on fission-track studies, raised coral reefs, Quaternary elevation changes, and present-day denudation rates. Thus, it appears that sandstone detrital modes of clastic orogenic sequences can be used to interpret specific aspects of unroofing and tectonic evolution in nearby active mountain belts.


Reconstructing the regulatory relationships between genes using multiple time point expression profile
data (EPD) is a powerful computational method to gain insight into gene networks. One such method
uses binary on/off relationships to characterize the under- and over-expression of genes acting in
unison. This approach uses only the relative expression levels of the genes of interest at multiple time
points. One aspect of the EPD these methods often fail to account for is the inherent variability in the
measurements of the gene expression levels. We characterize the variability in expression levels for a
single time point to measure the inherent variability in that dataset. We then generate multiple new
expression profile data samples from the original data and measured variability. These new datasets
are then binarized to test whether the gene network relationships change due to the random sampling.
This also allows us to test different variation magnitudes to set limits on how large the inherent
variability should be to yield reproducible results for the binary gene network method. We find that the
current variabilities in EPD are too large to yield reproducible gene regulatory networks, but that the
data for some particular genes are sufficient to generate reproducible binarizations.


Samples of feces and sera obtained from 3-year-old children were studied to increase the knowledge about the circulations of virus vaccines during the massive campaigns. The use of the oral polio vaccine with schemes of massive campaigns allows the circulation of the virus vaccine 2 months after their completion. The use of continual vaccination schemes makes possible the circulation of the virus vaccine for longer periods of time. Even in populations with a low immunity coverage, epidemic outbreaks of the vaccine-derived virus may appear. The total of poliovirus vaccine isolated in 2-year-old children (11 cases, 11.0 %) and the boosts of neutralizing antibodies (51 cases, 51.0 %), show a contradiction between the verification of the infections caused by isolations of the viruses and the results of boosts. The low percentage of isolations of virus vaccine and the highly significant percentages of of seroconversions or boosts to polio virus, allow to infer the occurrence of silent circulation. The silent circulation self limited to 2 months after concluding the campaign is due, among other causes, to the homologous or not induced response by the primary infection with the first dose of oral polio vaccine and by the secondary infections. The self limitation of the circulation of the polio viruses in massive campaigns constitutes an excellent prevention of the risks represented by the vaccine-derived viruses appearing in vaccinations with continual schemes.


In previous papers we introduced the notion of special Bohr Sommerfeld lagrangian cycles on a compact simply connected symplectic manifold with integer symplectic form, and presented the main interesting case: compact simply connected algebraic variety with an ample line bundle such that the space of Bohr Sommerfeld lagrangian cycles with respect to a compatible Kahler form of the Hodge type and holomorphic sections of the bundle is finite. The main problem appeared in this way is singular components of the corresponding lagrangian shadows (or sceletons of the corresponding Weinstein domains) which are hard to distinguish or resolve. In the present text we avoid this difficulty presenting the points of the moduli space of special Bohr Sommerfeld lagrangian cycles by exact compact lagrangian submanifolds on the complements X\Dα modulo Hamiltonian isotopies, where Dα is the zero divisor of holomorphic section α. In a sense it corresponds to the usage of gauge classes of hermitian connections instead of pure holomorphic structures in the theory of the moduli space of (semi) stable vector bundles.


The basis of all patient care should revolve arbund the delivery of safe care to patients, families, health care workers, organizations, communities, and nation. Failure to do so creates an incredible economic and emotional burden on the people and organizations affected. While progress has been made in patient safety, the pace must be accelerated. Nurse leaders have a tremendous opportunity to join and accelerate patient safety improvement. However, change will only happen if leaders are intentional about making a difference with patient safety.


The index of refraction and the extinction coefficient of thin films of zinc sulfide and cadmium sulfide evaporated on quartz substrates were determined in the spectral range from the visible to 2100 A. The optical properties were calculated from reflectance and transmittance measurements made with a Beckman DK Spectrophotometer equipped to measure specular reflectance. The index of refraction and the extinction coefficient of zinc sulfide have maxima at 2300 A and 2150 A, respectively. There is a maximum of the extinction coefficient of cadmium sulfide at 2300 A. The refractive index of cadmium sulfide has a maximum at 2500 A and a subsidiary maximum at 5000 A. There is a region of anomalous dispersion from 4000 A to 5000 A and a contribution to the absorption which are probably associated with the excitation of valence electrons into the conduction band.


In this paper, we propose a data augmentation framework for Optical Character Recognition (OCR). The proposed framework is able to synthesize new viewing angles and illumination scenarios, effectively enriching any available OCR dataset. Its modular structure allows to be modified to match individual user requirements. The framework enables to comfortably scale the enlargement factor of the available dataset. Furthermore, the proposed method is not restricted to single frame OCR but can also be applied to video OCR. We demonstrate the performance of our framework by augmenting a 15% subset of the common Brno Mobile OCR dataset. Our proposed framework is capable of leveraging the performance of OCR applications especially for small datasets. Applying the proposed method, improvements of up to 2.79 percentage points in terms of Character Error Rate (CER), and up to 7.88 percentage points in terms of Word Error Rate (WER) are achieved on the subset. Especially the recognition of challenging text lines can be improved. The CER may be decreased by up to 14.92 percentage points and the WER by up to 18.19 percentage points for this class. Moreover, we are able to achieve smaller error rates when training on the 15% subset augmented with the proposed method than on the original nonaugmented full dataset.


This paper introduces many types of analogue materials in China and other countries in geotechnical model tests. Combined with the study on a few geo-mechanical model tests of significant tunnels and underground openings in Chinese western areas, this paper recommends a new type of analogue material, which is made from iron mineral powder, barite powder, quartz powder and alcoholic solution with rosin. In order to know the physico-mechanical characteristics of this composite material with different mixture ratios, we use specimens to do lots of mechanical experiments such as uniaxial compressive test, quasi-triaxial shear test, triaxial test and Brazilian test. Consequently, the analogue materials with different mixture ratios can be used to physically model different projects, and this analogue material with a certain mixture ratio has been successfully used in the model test of a branching-out tunnel. The results of the model test verify that this new analogue material can be successfully used in all kinds of geotechnical model tests.


Urbanization is a phenomenon that results in fragmentation and eventual destruction of forests. Suburbanization is a subset of that same phenomenon in which fragmentation has resulted in the retention of small patches of the original forest and surviving old growth trees. Alternatively, the area surrounding the central city had been cleared for agricultural use and the suburban residents have planted many trees in parks and private property. This fragmentation will of course affect many species of bats, including species of the family Phyllostomidae. In this work, we estimate and compare the diversity of phyllostomid bats in three landscapes in Honduras: forests, suburban, and urban areas, from 2015 to 2018. Concurrently, we compared bat activity patterns based on the hour and percentage of moonlight at the time they were captured, and we compared external measurements, forearm and ear length. Urban areas are the least diverse and exhibited the lowest abundance. The forearm and ear length were significantly different only between forests and urban areas. The degree of lunar phobia also differed among those landscapes, but the time of capture did not differ. This is the first attempt to describe the activity patterns of phyllostomids in these studied areas and the effect of urbanization on Honduran bats. As expected, we found that from forests to cities, the diversity and abundance of phyllostomids decreased. However, there are many gaps in our knowledge of how totally or partially urbanized areas are affecting phyllostomid bats in Honduras.


Distributed detection of weak random signals in additive, possibly non-Gaussian, noise is considered for cases with multibit sensor decisions. Signal-to-noise ratios are assumed unknown and the signals at the different sensors may be statistically dependent. Analytical expressions are provided that describe the best way to fuse the quantized observations for cases with any given number of sensors. The best schemes for originally quantizing the observations at each sensor are also studied for the case of an asymptotically large number of sensors. These schemes are shown to minimize the mean-squared error between the best weak-signal test statistic based on unquantized observations and the best weak-signal test statistic based on quantized observations. Analytical expressions describing optimum sensor quantizers are provided. The approach used to obtain these expressions insures these sensor quantizers give good performance for cases with a finite number of sensors. A novel iterative technique to search for optimum sensor quantizers efficiently is described. Numerical solutions are presented, some of which involve cases where the best schemes for independent signal observations are shown to be suboptimum.


Ethanol lock therapy (ELT) can be used in patients with an indwelling central line to assist in the prevention of central venous catheter (CVC)–associated infections. However, its efficacy has not been consistently demonstrated in the pediatric population. The primary objective of this review and meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy and safety of ELT in prevention of central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) in the pediatric population. A search was conducted with the PubMed, CINAHL, PSCYInfo, Cochrane Library, and Academic Search Premier databases from inception through January 21, 2022. Studies were included if they reported incidence of CVC-related infections with ELT in pediatric patients. Meta-analyses used random-effects models according to the heterogeneity of all included studies. Of 736 studies, 25 met inclusion criteria for review and 10 for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis with pre- and post-ELT treatment showed that use of ELT significantly decreased mean CVC-related infections when compared with pre-treatment with no ELT with a mean difference of −5.79 (95% CI, −9.08 to −2.51; p < 0.001). The number of CVC infections also significantly decreased (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.23–0.75; p = 0.004). Increased risk of thrombosis and increased frequency of catheter breakage, repair, and replacement were noted in several studies. Ethanol lock therapy is effective in preventing infection related to central venous catheter use in pediatric patients. Further study is warranted to determine the optimal protocol for, and incidence of, adverse events related to use of ELT.


The Yarkovsky–O'Keefe–Radzievskii–Paddack (YORP) effect is a small thermal-radiation torque experienced by small asteroids, and is considered to be crucial in their physical and dynamical evolution. It is important to understand this effect by providing measurements of YORP for a range of asteroid types to facilitate the development of a theoretical framework. We are conducting a long-term observational study on a selection of near-Earth asteroids to support this. We focus here on (68346) 2001 KZ66, for which we obtained both optical and radar observations spanning a decade. This allowed us to perform a comprehensive analysis of the asteroid's rotational evolution. Furthermore, radar observations from the Arecibo Observatory enabled us to generate a detailed shape model. We determined that (68346) is a retrograde rotator with its pole near the southern ecliptic pole, within a 15○ radius of longitude 170○ and latitude −85○. By combining our radar-derived shape model with the optical light curves, we developed a refined solution to fit all available data, which required a YORP strength of $(8.43\pm 0.69)\times 10^{-8} \rm ~rad ~d^{-2}$. (68346) has a distinct bifurcated shape comprising a large ellipsoidal component joined by a sharp neckline to a smaller non-ellipsoidal component. This object likely formed either from the gentle merging of a binary system or from the deformation of a rubble pile due to YORP spin-up. The shape exists in a stable configuration close to its minimum in topographic variation, where regolith is unlikely to migrate from areas of higher potential.


Background: Studies on the regulation of gastric and pancreatic secretion began more than 100 years ago. Secretin was the first hormone postulated to exist, initiating the field of endocrinology. Gastrin produced in the antral mucosa was the second postulated hormone, and together with histamine and acetylcholine, represent the three major gastric acid secretagogues known since 1920. For a long time, the mast cell was the only recognized histamine-producing cell in the oxyntic mucosa and, in the mid-1980s, the ECL cell was recognized as the cell producing histamine, taking part in the regulation of gastric acid secretion. Methods: This review is based upon literature research and personal knowledge. Results: The ECL cell carries the gastrin receptor, and gastrin regulates its function (histamine release) as well as proliferation. Long-term hypergastrinemia results in gastric neoplasia of variable malignancies, implying that gastric hypoacidity resulting in increased gastrin release will induce gastric neoplasia, including gastric cancer. Conclusions: The trophic effect of gastrin on the ECL cell has implications to the treatment with inhibitors of acid secretion.


All children and families should have the opportunity to lead a long and healthy life. However, too many Americans lack critical building blocks for good health, including consistent access to affordable, nutritious food. In 2014, 48.1 million Americans lived in a food insecure household.1 Research shows that children and adults experiencing poverty are particularly vulnerable to higher rates of food insecurity, as well as adverse health outcomes like obesity and diabetes.2 These issues disproportionately affect Latinos—the largest and one of the fastest-growing ethnic minorities in the United States—as they are more likely to experience poverty and associated negative health outcomes than other groups.


OBJECTIVE
Although the only objective finding of intrapartum fetal distress is obtained through the measurement the fetal scalp pH, this invasive procedure is not available in every institution. The careful examination of fetal heart rate tracings for abnormalities, especially of the most commonly seen one, variable decelerations gains great importance under these circumstances. The aim of the present study is to determine the prognostic significance of variable decelerations in intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring.

METHODS
A total of 96 fetal heart rate tracings were analysed to assess the prognostic significance of variable decelerations. Sixty-six percent (64/96) of cases exhibited atypia characterised with (1) slow return of the fetal heart rate to the baseline; (2) loss of variability during the decelerations; (3) loss of initial and/or secondary accelerations; (4) persistence of secondary acceleration (overshoot); and (5) continuation of the baseline fetal heart rate at a lower level; (6) biphasic deceleration. One and five-minute Apgar scores and umbilical artery pH were used to assess the final fetal condition.

RESULTS
Adverse fetal outcome characterised by fetal acidosis and Apgar score lower than 7 at one and five minutes were uncommon with pure variable decelerations. Typical and atypical variable decelerations were associated with low Apgar scores (< 7) at one minute in 9.3% and 54.6% of cases (p < 0.001) and at five minutes in 6.25% and 25% of cases (p < 0.05), respectively. In addition umbilical artery pH found to be lower than 7.2 in these cases ( 18.75% - p < 0.05). There was no danger for the fetal haemodynamic conditions when typical uterus contraction/variable deceleration ratios were two or more than two. However, risk of fetal hypoxia damage was quite high when this ratio was lower than two in atypical variable 5th minute low Apgar scores and pH (81.8% and 36.6% respectively). Atypical features are helpful in the identification of distress characterised by low Apgar scores in fetuses with variable decelerations. Admission to the neonatal intensive care unit was more common in patients with atypical variable decelerations in comparison with typical variable decelerations (34.3% versus 3.1%).

CONCLUSION
While typical variable decelerations are frequently harmless, atypical variations pose a significant risk of fetal hypoxia.


Research of growth and reproduction was undertaken for scarids and acanthurids in coral reefs around Lizard Island, the Northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. The study species were mainly the scarids Scarus rivulatus and Scarus schlegeli, and the acanthurids Ctenochaetus binotatus and Ctenochaetus striatus. The study focussed on the establishment of validated aging information for both scarids and acanthurids, and the age-specific patterns of reproduction of scarids.

Age and growth parameters were determined by enumerating growth increments within otolith microstructure for each species. Various mounting and grinding/polishing techniques were employed to reveal both fine lapillus growth rings in juveniles and sagitta growth bands in adults. Daily periodicity in otolith increments was demonstrated in 55 juvenile individuals in four of the main study species: S.rivulatus (20), S.schlegeli (21), C.binotatus (12) and C.striatus (2), and 28 individuals of other species within the two families. Ring periodicity was determined by staining the otoliths in situ with tetracycline, and maintaining the individuals in captivity to compare the rings laid down with the number of elapsed days. Double staining techniques were also employed to determine the rings laid down between stainings.

Annual periodicity in otolith bands was demonstrated by tag-recapture experiments in the both the aquarium and the field, and by otolith marginal increment analyses for the four study species. All recaptured specimens, including four S.schlegeli and four C.striatus, showed annual otolith bands. The otolith marginal development on regular samples over the year for S.rivulatus and S.schlegeli also indicated that a single otolith band was formed during December to May.

By enumerating otolith increments and bands, age of the field captured individuals of each study species was estimated. The age of scarids ranged up to 8 years with the majority being younger than 5 years. The growth rate was increasing with age in days during the juvenile phase, and gradually decreased after that. The acanthurids lived for relatively long period in excess of 16 years, and the growth rate decreased with age after settlement. In addition, the age of settlement was estimated to be from 28 to 47 days for scarids and from 47 to 74 days for acanthurids.

Reproductive biology of scarids was studied by seasonal examination of gonads. The gonads were examined histologically to determine the sexual identity and maturity state of individuals. By using validated aging information, the dynamics of sexual transition was observed.

Mature gonads of the two species were found throughout the year. However, a pronounced spawning peak occurred between May and September in S.schlegeli while a relatively less pronounced spawning peak took place from September to January in S.rivulatus. These patterns were indicated by seasonal development of gonadosomatic index, seasonal distribution of mature gonads, oocyte length, and the proportion of mature stage oocytes within the gonads. The proportion of mature stage oocytes within mature ovaries of two species also suggested that these species were serial spawners. Enumerating mature oocytes within the subsamples of 20 individuals in each species showed positive relationships between fecundity and body length or age.

Both females and primary males of the two species reached sexual maturity at 2 years. Females started to change sex at 3 years, and the sexual transition of the population lasted for approximately another 3 years. Similarly, the primary males started changing color phase at 3 years. Growth rates appeared to be different between the initial phase and the terminal phase individuals, and the terminal phase individuals had a higher growth rate than that of the initial phase individuals of the same age.

The proportional liver weight in S.rivulatus and S.schlegeli changed over time, and this reflected the compositional states. Larger livers had high levels of lipids, which fact was indicated by the colour and lipid droplets. High proportional liver weight occurred immediately before spawning for both species, suggesting that the liver is an important energy storage organ providing lipids for the gonadal development. For the two species of scarids studied in similar microhabitats and similar physical environments both showed seasonal patterns of liver weight and gonadal development, but it varied in timing and magnitude.

This study suggests that scarids, which have relatively fast growth rates and short lifespans, are more suitable candidates for intensive fisheries than the low-growth and long-lifespan acanthurids. However, as the population dynamics of scarids is complicated by the protogynous hermaphroditism, comprehensive management is required in scarid fisheries.


OBJECTIVE
Responsive neurostimulation (RNS) is a promising treatment for pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy for whom resective surgery is not an option. The relative indications and risk for pediatric patients undergoing RNS therapy require further investigation. Here, the authors report their experience with RNS implantation and therapy in pediatric patients.

METHODS
The authors performed a retrospective chart review to identify patients implanted with RNS depth or strip electrodes for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy at their institution between 2020 and 2022. Patient demographics, surgical variables, and patient seizure outcomes (Engel class and International League Against Epilepsy [ILAE] reporting) were evaluated.

RESULTS
The authors identified 20 pediatric patients ranging in age from 8 to 21 years (mean 15 [SD 4] years), who underwent RNS implantation, including depth electrodes (n = 15), strip electrodes (n = 2), or both (n = 3). Patient seizure semiology, onset, and implantation strategy were heterogeneous, including bilateral centromedian nucleus (n = 5), mesial temporal lobe (n = 4), motor cortex or supplementary motor area (n = 7), or within an extratemporal epileptogenic zone (n = 4). There were no acute complications of RNS implantation (hemorrhage or stroke) or device malfunctions. One patient required rehospitalization for postoperative infection. At the longest follow-up (mean 10 [SD 7] months), 13% patients had Engel class IIB, 38% had Engel class IIIA, 6% had Engel class IIIB, 19% had Engel class IVA, 19% had Engel class IVB, and 6% had Engel class IVC outcomes. Using ILAE metrics, 6% were ILAE class 3, 25% were ILAE class 4, and 69% were ILAE class 5.

CONCLUSIONS
This case series supports current literature suggesting that RNS is a safe and potentially effective surgical intervention for pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. The authors report comparable rates of serious adverse events to current RNS literature in pediatric and adult populations. Seizure outcomes may continue to improve with follow-up as stimulation strategy is refined and the chronic neuromodulatory effect evolves, as previously described in patients with RNS. Further large-scale, multicenter case series of RNS in pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy are required to determine long-term pediatric safety and effectiveness.


Today"s smartphone notification systems are incapable of determining whether a notification has been successfully perceived without explicit interaction from the user. When the system incorrectly assumes that a notification has not been perceived, it may repeat it redundantly, disrupting the user (e.g., phone ringing). Or, when it assumes that a notification was perceived, and therefore fails to repeat it, the notification will be missed altogether (e.g., text message). We introduce SweatSponse, a feedback loop using skin conductance responses (SCR) to infer the perception of smartphone notifications just after their presentation. Early results from a laboratory study suggest that notifications induce SCR and that they could be used to better infer perception of smartphone notifications in real-time.


In this paper we examine the strategies used in 3D modeling for their efficiency. Our study explores the underlying cognitive process that drives design thinking as well the choice of strategies for using specific features in a given CAD software. We take a cognitive task analysis approach to examine our question. Of a total sample of 19 participants, the strategies of the fastest and slowest users are compared to identify areas of improvement for software development as well as user training.


The drive of the study was to investigate gender and sector-related differences of emotional-social intelligence of university teachers. The objectives of this research work were to; examine the emotional-social intelligence of university teachers, find gender-related differences in the emotional-social intelligence of teachers, and to assess sector-related differences in the emotional-social intelligence of university teachers. A mixed-method approach was followed to gain the objectives. Teaching faculty and learners of four universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were the targeted population of this research work. 100 teachers and 350 students were taken through simple random and judgmental techniques. Data were collected from the respondents through Questionnaires and interviews, the collected data were then analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. Considerable differences in males and females were noticed between Emotional Social intelligence (ESI) of teachers, while very small differences were found in sector related.  It is recommended that teachers may provide trainings, workshops, and awareness seminars on emotional-social intelligence to enhance the effectiveness of their instruction and to reduce the intentional and unintentional emotional abusing practices in the classroom.


Title of Document: Risk Analysis and Damage Assessment For Flood Prone Areas in Washington DC Arian Lessani, Master of Science, 2011 Directed By: Dr. Gregory B. Baecher, Professor Civil and Environmental Engineering This thesis presents a loss estimation method regarding areas of District of Columbia susceptible to flooding, specifically the Southwest quadrant, the National Mall, and Federal Triangle. This thesis develops data for input to a flood model that considers parameters such as detailed digital elevation data, global warming potential, and storm surge for a category IV hurricane. The main goal of this study is to employ a standard method for estimating flooding damages in Washington by supplying combination of the mentioned parameters to the HAZUS-MH 2.0 program. The results of this research is useful for planning purposes, such as reducing natural hazard losses and preparing emergency response and recovery. It is predicted that in the projected storm surge flood more than 1500 buildings would be damaged and about ten thousand people would seek temporary refuge in public shelters. The estimate of total loss for flooding is approximately $1,300 million dollars.


For technology integration to achieve intended instructional objectives, professional development is of paramount importance for in-service instructors. Technology enhanced reflection providing multimodality and evidence-based data has the potential of helping instructors achieve technology integration in their teaching. Thus, this study addressed the lack of professional development programs for in-service English language instructors aiming at technology integration through evidence-based multimodal reflective practices. By following the developmental research methodology, an instrumental case study was conducted using mixed-methods design including both qualitative and quantitative data. The professional training was carried out with eight English language instructors at tertiary level who aimed to integrate technology into their English classes by being involved in evidence-based multimodal reflective practice. In this study, there were five different data sources (instructors' opinions, recorded lessons, video annotations, face-to-face interaction notes and pages in the learning management system) and seven data collection tools (interviews, tutor reflection template, self-reflection template, peer-reflection template, technology integration questionnaire, online discussion forums and evaluation criteria form). As a result, this professional training particularly designed and implemented for the in-service English language instructors at tertiary level did make a change in their both technology integration and evidence-based multimodal reflective practice. Apart from the change in the instructors' technology integration, this study had an impact on their understanding, practice and quality of reflective practice involving evidence-based multimodal reflection tools as it helped the instructors to increase depth in their evidence-based multimodal reflective practice.


This paper focuses on the design of an indoor broadband radio system at 29 GHz with some emphasis on the effect of antennas on the availability of the system, for various cell sizes. The system has a maximum information bit rate of 155 Mb/sec and a maximum receiver noise figure of 8 dB. Channel measurements with antenna diversity were carried out during an earlier stage of the project at 2L6 GHz and 37.2 GHz. The resulting characterization provided knowledge of the parameters needed to evaluate the performance of the link. These included large-scale path-loss models which gave estimates of the power-law exponents and statistics of the received envelope. Transceiver characteristics and measured channel behavior as outlined above along with the different antenna types (omnidirectional and horn) and different antenna orientations determine the distribution of the received power across the cell, and thus the average availability. Practical configurations were investigated involving partial alignment or no alignment of the base station and portable antennas. Full antenna alignment was also examined for the purpose of comparison.


Recently, there has been considerable interest in Li4Ti5O12 as a potential anode for use in lithium ion batteries. It has many advantages compared to the currently used graphite. It has a good reversibility but no structural change. The material has a theoretical speci c capacity of 175 mAh g−1. Li4Ti5O12 powders are usually synthesized by a solid-state reaction of lithium and titanium salts. This method was generally preferred because the synthesis procedures are simple. But there are some disadvantages of solid-state methods such as larger particle size of the products, inhomogeneous distribution, lack of stoichiometry control, etc. These disadvantages can be overcome by sol gel method. Using surfactant in sol gel method is easy control on crystal growth and size of the desired products.


The purpose of this research is to clarify the specification and evaluation of a factor which affects presumption of an exterior wall refurbishment cycle by using a proportional hazard model. Covariates affecting exterior wall refurbishment were "Lath-mortar" and an "Area". A Congested area of wooden built-up area has a long refurbishment cycle, and lath-mortar tends to shorten a refurbishment cycle. Moreover, an exterior wall refurbishment cycle will tend to become short if the number of times of repair increases, and it became clear that there is no difference of the refurbishment cycle by a construction age.


Motivated by registration problems, this paper deals with a curve matching problem in homogeneous spaces. Let G be a connected finite-dimensional bi-invariant Lie group and K a closed subgroup. A smooth curve g in G is said to be admissible if it can transform two smooth curves f1 and f2 in G/K from one to the other. An (f1, f2)-relative geodesic (Holm et al. 2013 Proc. R. Soc. A 469, 20130297. (doi:10.1098/rspa.2013.0297)) is defined as a critical point of the total energy E(g) as g varies in the set of all (f1, f2)-admissible curves. We obtain the Euler–Lagrange equation, a first-order differential equation, satisfied by a relative geodesic. Furthermore, the Euler–Lagrange equation is simplified for the case where G/K is globally symmetric. As a concrete example, relative geodesics are found for special cases where G is SO(3) and K is SO(2). As an application of discrepancy for curves in S2, we construct and study a new measure of non-congruency for constant speed curves in Euclidean 3-space. Numerical examples are given to illustrate results.


Sanitation Clinic is the public place for overcome the environmental health problem and disease based on environment with guidance, counseling, and technical help from public health centre workers. It is not as an independent service unit, but as an integral part of the health centre activities, cooperated by interprogram and intersectoral that is in the working area of public health centre. This research aim to know the description of predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factor on society in utilization of sanitation clinic at Kelurahan Baru Ladang Bambu Kecamatan Medan Tuntungan Kota Medan. The kind of this research is descriptive using of the cross sectional design. The population is the society of Kelurahan Baru Ladang Bambu which amounts to 858 patriarch. Starting at of taking sample according to systematic random sampling, obtained sample as much as 90 patriarch. Result of this research has been shown that predisposing have good knowledge of 52.2 percent, good attitude of 44.4 percent, good credibility of 86.7 percent. Enabling factor has been shown that if the presence of facilities and infrastructure of sanitation clinic were good of 13,3 percent, and the whole socialization of it was not good. Reinforcing factor has been shown that if the presence of sanitation clinic workers were good of 25.6 percent. Suggested in implementation of it, in order that increased the socialization by sanitation clinic workers and they should be active to society, and the instance beside of this program could do the monitoring for doing the revitalitation, and for the goverment could giving more budget for the sake of the continuity of  facilities and infrastructure. Key words : Predisposing, Enabling and Reinforing Factor, Sanitation Clinic.


Establishing timescales for iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) deposit formation and the temporal relationships between ores and the magmatic rocks from which hydrothermal, metal-rich fluids are sourced is often dependent on low-precision data, particularly for deposits that formed during the Proterozoic. Unlike accessory minerals routinely used to track hydrothermal mineralization, iron oxides are dominant components of IOCG systems and are therefore pivotal to understanding deposit evolution. The presence of ubiquitous, magmatic-hydrothermal U-(Pb)-W-Sn-Mo–bearing zoned hematite resolves a range of geochronological issues concerning formation of the ~1.6 Ga Olympic Dam IOCG deposit, South Australia, at up to ~0.05% precision (207Pb/206Pb weighted mean; 2σ) using isotope dilution-thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS). Coupled with chemical abrasion-ID-TIMS zircon dates from host granite and volcanic rocks within and enclosing the ore-body, a confident magmatic-hydrothermal chronology is defined. The youngest zircon date from the granite intrusion hosting Olympic Dam indicates magmatism was occurring up until 1593.28 ± 0.26 Ma. The orebody was principally formed during a major mineralizing event following granite uplift and during cupola collapse, whereby the hematite with the oldest age is recorded in the outer shell of the deposit at 1591.27 ± 0.89 Ma, ~2 m.y. later than the youngest documented magmatic zircon. Hematite dates captured throughout major lithologies, different ore zones, and the ~2-km vertical extent of the deposit support ~2 m.y. of hydrothermal activity. New age constraints on the spatial-temporal evolution of the formation of Olympic Dam are considered with respect to a mantle to crustal continuum model. Cyclical tapping of magma reservoirs to maintain crystal mushes for extended time periods and incremental building of batholiths on the million-year scale prior to main mineralization pulses can explain the ~2-m.y. temporal window temporal window inferred from the data. Despite the challenge of reconciling such an extended window with contemporary models for porphyry deposits (≤1 m.y.), formation of Proterozoic ore deposits has been addressed at high-precision and supports the case that giant IOCG deposits may form over millions of years.


Research on the scattering of electromagnetic waves from rough surfaces has greatly advanced in the past decades through the access to rigorous numerical simulations. However, most of the research has focused on surfaces with a Gaussian height distribution. In this thesis, the effect of the skewness of the surface height distribution on the scattering process is qualitatively examined. This is accomplished through rigorous numerical simulations of an electromagnetic field incident on rough surfaces with different values for the surface height skewness. Both the reflection from opaque materials and transmission from transparent materials are studied. For the reflected field, strongly skewed surface heights were found to induce more scattered intensity in the forward direction, both for positive and negative values of the skewness. For negative values, there was an additional increase in the scattered intensity for large angles in the forward direction. A negative correlation was found between the surface height skewness and the size of the enhanced backscattering peak. For non-normal angles of incidence, the intensity in large angle backward directions was found to have a negative correlation with the surface height skewness. For absorbing materials, the absorption rate did not seem to be affected by the surface height skewness. The coherent component of the scattered field from weakly rough surfaces appeared to be slightly larger both for large positive and large negative values of the surface height skewness. For the transmitted field from transparent materials, the effects of positive and negative values of the surface height skewness were the same, and only the magnitude had an effect. For a normal angle of incidence, larger magnitudes of the surface height skewness induced less diffusion, while for oblique angles of incidence the effect was opposite. The transmittance seemed to be independent of the surface height skewness. Plausible explanations of the effects are given by modelling a surface with strongly skewed surface heights as a relatively flat surface with a few of tall peaks or deep pits.


Academe has been occupied with Plato's ontological theories during its historical advancement. Many academics from the very first, Xenokrates to the very last one, Damascius attempt to methodically interpret special points of the Platonic ontology by highlighting the theory concerning metaphysical Forms. As far as the Platonic tradition is concerned, the most systematic annotator of the Athenian philosopher is Proclus (412-485), who unde takes to explain further in most of his works the two ways of the presence of the Forms, the transcendental and the one immanent in the discernible/tangible beings. This investigation is certainly a part of the ulterior target that he, himself, has posed from the very beginning which is to analyze and even spotlight the way in which the metaphysical world produces the 'physical' one. He, therefore, indites principles that he implements with consistency so as to bring a theory forward on Forms that are strongly based on a great substructure and inner cohesion.


From the very start of the educational career students are rarely exposed to the history, culture, and contributions of other ethnic groups that tie together the American way of life, past and present. Not until individuals reach higher education, are they introduced to studies that are designed specifically to enlighten the student's knowledge of minorities and other ethnicities in the United States. In this study, I used peer review sources to highlight the advantages of schools that teach ethnic studies classes and the importance of understanding different groups of people at an earlier stage in a student's life. The study will narrow down its focus to Chicana/o studies and the lack of diverse curriculum in the US education system. This work also explores the content taught in Chicana/o Studies wherever it is offered and the reasons for the existing gap in ethnic studies curriculum before college. Finally, this study focuses on how did we get to exclude the histories that make up so much of our American history, and how do we move forward in developing more ethnic studies programs to enhance the knowledge of younger people today?


The ability to produce large quantities of recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus (rAAV) vectors is an important factor for the development of gene therapy-based medicine. The baculovirus/insect cell expression system is one of the major systems for large scale rAAV production. So far, most technological developments concerned the optimization of the AAV rep and cap genes in order to be expressed correctly in a heterologous system. However, the effect of the baculovirus infection on the production of rAAV has not been examined in detail. In this study we show that the baculoviral cathepsin (v-CATH) protease is active on several (but not all) rAAV serotypes, leading to a partial degradation of VP1/VP2 proteins. Subsequently, we identified the principal v-CATH cleavage site in the rAAV8 capsid proteins and demonstrated that the cleavage is highly specific. The proteolytic degradation of VP1/VP2 AAV capsid proteins reduces the infectivity of rAAV vectors but can be prevented by the use of a baculovirus vector with a deletion of the chiA/v-cath locus or by addition of the E64 protease inhibitor during production. Moreover, the codon optimization of AAV cap performed for several serotypes and originally aimed at the removal of potential alternative initiation codons, resulted in incorporation of additional forms of truncated VP1 into the rAAV capsids.


Ultrasonic vibration friction and wear experiments were carried out by MFT-R4000 reciprocating friction and wear tester bonded with ultrasonic device. The surface morphologies of wear scars were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The influences of ultrasonic vibration on friction reduction and anti-wear properties of GCr15/45# steel frictional pairs under different loads were discussed. The experimental results showed that, the friction of GCr15/45# steel frictional pairs could be reduced by ultrasonic vibration, and the reduction of friction coefficient became more obvious as the loads increasing. The friction coefficient measured under ultrasonic vibration is 12% lower than it measured without ultrasonic vibration when the load was 50N. However, the wear of frictional pairs increased under ultrasonic vibration, and the amplitude of wear volume enlarged with the loads increase, which is 63% at the load of 50N.


The human capital earnings function is part of the toolbox of labour economists. Returns to labour market experience are interpreted as returns to general human capital, and returns to job tenure as returns to job-specific human capital. There is, however, an awareness that there are other models capable of explaining these correlations, notably a search or ''job-shopping'' model and a number of papers have attempted to distinguish the two hypotheses using mostly data on wage growth for job-stayers and movers. The results have been mixed. This paper takes a different approach to the same issue. It shows how a simple search model can be used to predict the nature of the relationship between wages, experience and tenure if one has data on labour market transition rates. This is what is done in this paper using data from the UK Labour Force Survey. The conclusions are that while part of the returns to experience can be explained by the search model, there is a substantial part that must be interpreted as a ''true'' return to experience. In contrast, we show how the search model over-predicts the returns to tenure and the data seem broadly consistent with a model in which the ''true'' returns to tenure are close to zero.


This paper presents a non-minimal order dynamics model for many analysis, simulation, and control problems of constrained mechanical systems passing through singular configurations during their motion by making use of linear projection operator. The distinct features of this model describing dynamics of the dependent coordinates are: i) The mass matrix M̅(q) is always positive definite even at singular configurations; ii) matrix equation is skew symmetric, where all nonlinear terms are lumped into vector C̅(q, q̇)q̇ after elimination of constraint forces. Eigenvalue analysis shows that the condition number of the constraint mass matrix can be minimized upon adequate selection of a scalar parameter called "virtual mass" thereby reducing the sensitivity to round-off errors in numerical computation. It follows by derivation of two oblique projection matrices for computation of constraint forces and actuation forces. It is shown that projection-based model allows feedback control of dependent coordinates which, unlike reduced-order dependent coordinates, uniquely define spatial configuration of constrained systems.


Distributed storage systems based on equidistant constant dimension codes are presented. These equidistant codes are based on the Pl\"{u}cker embedding, which is essential in the repair and the reconstruction algorithms. These systems posses several useful properties such as high failure resilience, minimum bandwidth, low storage, simple algebraic repair and reconstruction algorithms, good locality, and compatibility with small fields.


The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant FUD50 has a deletion in the atpB gene of the chloroplast ATP synthase [Woessner, J. P., Masson, A., Harris, E. H., Bennoun, P., Gillham, N. W., and Boynton, J. E. (1984) Plant Mol. Biol. 3, 177-190]. We have isolated a suppressed strain (FUD50su) that can grow under phototrophic conditions, although it still showed no synthesis of the beta subunit of coupling factor 1. Thylakoid membranes of the FUD50su strain were similar to those of the original FUD50 strain, in that they both lacked all the subunits making up the chloroplast ATP synthase complex. We show that photosynthesis in FUD50su is sensitive to inhibitors such as antimycin, specific for mitochondrial electron transport. This observation indicates that photosynthesis in the FUD50su strain is achieved through an unusual interaction between mitochondria and chloroplast. Exportation of light-induced reduced compounds from the chloroplast to the mitochondria elicits ATP formation in the latter, and ATP is subsequently imported to the chloroplast. The activation of such an ATP shuttle coupled to an NADPH shuttle would thus provide the reducing power and the free energy needed for carbon assimilation in a chloroplast that lacks chloroplast ATP synthase.


Abstract : The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a state of the art health and usage monitoring system (HUMS) to provide monitoring of critical mechanical systems on the helicopter, including motors, drive train, engines and life-limited components. The implementation of HUMS and cost integration with current maintenance procedures was assessed from the operator's viewpoint in order to achieve expected benefits from these systems, such as enhanced safety, reduced maintenance cost and increased availability. An operational HUMS was used as a basis for this study that was installed and operated under an independent flight trial program. The HUMS equipment and software were commercially available. Based on the results of the feasibility study, the HUMS used in the flight trial program generally demonstrated a high level of reliability in monitoring the rotor system, engines, drive train and life-limited components. The system acted as a sentinel to warn of impending failures. A worn tail rotor pitch bearing was detected by HUMS, which had the capability for self testing to diagnose system and sensor faults. Examples of potential payback to the operator with HUMS were identified, including reduced insurance cost through enhanced safety, lower operating costs derived from maintenance credits, increased aircraft availability and improved operating efficiency. The interfacing of HUMS with current operational procedures, was assessed to require only minimal revisions to the operator's maintenance manuals. Finally the success in realizing the potential benefits from HUMS technology was found to depend on the operator, helicopter manufacturer, regulator (FAA), and HUMS supplier working together.


DNA nanotechnology creates precise shape-specific nanostructures through the self-assembly of short ssDNA oligonucleotides. One such shape, which has relevant biomedical applications due to its multivalency, is the star. However, building star-like nanostructures with a large size (>100 nm) using ssDNA is complex and challenging. This study presents a novel strategy to prepare stiff and large dsDNA nanostars by assembling duplex DNA fragments into star-shapes that are subsequently coated with a virus-inspired protein. The protein binds dsDNA and overcomes the high structural flexibility of naked dsDNA. The nanostar-like dsDNA templates with up to six arms were prepared by self-assembly of PCR-produced dsDNA fragments (211 to 722 bp) with a central DNA junction. Through gel electrophoresis and Atomic Force Microscopy it is demonstrated that single dsDNA nanostars are self-assembled and coated with the protein, and this has a large stiffening effect on the nanostar. Furthermore, the coating significantly enhances stability at high temperatures and protects nanostars against nuclease degradation for at least 10 hours. This study shows that DNA-binding proteins can be harnessed as structural "rigidifiers" of flexible branched dsDNA templates. This strategy opens a way to prepare structurally defined hybrid protein-dsDNA nanostructures that could be exploited as building blocks for novel DNA nanomaterials.


To explore gene-environment interactions, based on temporal gene expression information, we analyzed gene and treatment information intensively and inferred interaction networks accordingly. The main idea is that gene expression reflects the response of genes to environmental factors, assuming that variations of gene expression occur under different conditions. Then we classified experimental conditions into several subgroups based on the similarity of temporal gene expression profiles. This procedure is useful because it allows us to combine diverse gene expression data as they become available, and, especially, allowing us to lay the regulatory relationships on a concrete biological basis. By estimating the activation points, we can visualize the gene behavior, and obtain a consensus gene activation order, and hence describe conditional regulatory relationships. The estimation of activation points and building of synthetic genetic networks may result in important new insights in the ongoing endeavor to understand the complex network of gene regulation.


The study was performed at the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of the Kauno Klinikos Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences.

Background
Intravascular fluids are empirically administered to prevent hypotension induced by spinal anaesthesia. Ultrasound measurements of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and the IVC collapsibility index (IVC-CI) is a non-invasive method to evaluate the intravascular volume status. The aim of the study was to identify the prognostic value of the IVC collapsibility index in spontaneously breathing patients to predict severe intraoperative hypotension.

Materials and methods
Sixty patients undergoing elective knee arthroplasty under spinal anaesthesia were included in the prospective study. The diameters of IVCex, IVCin, and IVC-CI were measured before and 15 min after spinal anaesthesia when administration of 500 ml of normal saline using infusion pump was finished. The haemodynamic parameters (heart rate, systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures, breathing rate) were collected.

Results
Severe arterial hypotension was noticed in 18.3% of the patients. No statistically significant differences were detected between changes in IVCex, IVCin, and IVC-CI comparing hypotensive and non-hypotensive patients at the baseline and after the interventions (p > 0.005). According to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, IVC-CI is not effective in the prediction of severe hypotension during spinal anaesthesia in spontaneously breathing patients: the area under the ROC curve for IVC-CI was <0.7, p > 0.05.

Conclusions
IVC-CI is not an effective predictor of severe hypotension after induction of spinal anaesthesia followed by normal saline administration in spontaneously breathing patients undergoing elective knee arthroplasty. More trials, including different patient subgroups, will be needed.


Annual ryegrass is a major winter annual weed of the southern Australian wheat-belt, which naturalised after its introduction as a pasture species. If not managed effectively, ryegrass can significantly reduce the yield of winter crops. Many populations of ryegrass have developed resistance to selective grass herbicides used in crops, making post-emergent control difficult. Growers must now plan carefully how to best manage ryegrass populations, and considerations start with crop choices and the associated weed control options available. A succession of years with multiple and diverse control options used in varying cropping phases is central to successful ryegrass management.


: Exit games, escape games or escape rooms are innovative formats for teaching chemistry and for learning and applying scientific content. In the project "Science4Exit" experimental escape games with digital enrichment are developed, tested and evaluated. They will be carried out in the teaching and learning laboratory of chemistry at the University of Education in Weingarten. One of the project's goals is to increase pupil's motivation for science topics and interest in STEM subjects, as well as to improve the application of knowledge acquired in school. It also promotes 21st century skills (creativity, collaboration, communication, critical thinking and problem-solving) by embedding them in a game-based context. When playing escape games in the chemistry teaching and learning laboratory Ex³lab, experimental ways of knowing and solving are essential to reach the goal. As in classical or combinatorial puzzles, the result of an experiment is needed to unlock the next challenge. Escape games are partly digitally guided (e.g. by Actionbound, H5P) or digitally enriched with different technologies as needed (AR, explanatory videos, etc.). The Escape Games developed are used so that pupils can deal with scientific content in a playful and experimental way during a visit to the teaching and learning laboratory. They are supervised by student teachers as part of their studies. An escape game on energy supply and climate protection as well as building blocks for further developed escape games are presented below.


Introduction Adults with cancer frequently report symptoms such as decline in cognitive function throughout the trajectory of illness. Patients with cognitive deficits need support and assistance from their informal caregivers and often rely on them to manage their symptoms based on their degree of deficits. Patients spend a significant amount of time with their informal caregivers and become interdependent with each other. In spite of their interdependence, it is unclear whether patients' cognitive outcomes (ie, cognitive function) are associated with their informal caregivers. Therefore, the body of literature related to the association between caregiver characteristics and cognitive function of adults with cancer needs to be fully mapped with assessment for knowledge gaps. Methods and analysis Methods for this scoping review was informed by the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. Seven electronic databases will be searched: (1) PubMed (MEDLINE), (2) CINAHL, (3) Embase, (4) PsycINFO, (5) Scopus, (6) Sociological Abstracts and (7) ProQuest dissertation abstracts. In addition, the search for grey literature will include the conference abstracts available through Embase, Scopus and Sociological abstracts as well as dissertations available in ProQuest dissertations. All retrieved citations will be independently screened by two authors and eligibility will be determined based on inclusion and exclusion criteria at title and abstract level. Studies meeting inclusion criteria, will be screened at full text level by two reviewers followed by abstraction of included studies. Eligible studies will be collated, summarised and reported using the data charting form that research team developed. Ethics and dissemination This scoping review does not require ethics approval. Results of this scoping review will be disseminated via conference presentation and/or publication in a scientific journal.


PURPOSE
This study explores the ethical issues contained in warning letters issued to clinical researchers by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the USA.

METHODS
The online FDA Warning Letter Index was reviewed for letters issued to drug and device researchers in the USA and Canada under the violation subject "Clinical Investigator" for the period February 2002 through February 2004. The resultant letters were evaluated for the presence of 7 research ethics themes: deviation from investigational plan; informed consent; adverse event reporting; study reporting; study supervision; institutional review-board approval; and misconduct.

RESULTS
Thirty-six FDA warning letters addressing violations of 58 protocols were issued to researchers during the 25 months studied. Researchers performing pulmonary medicine studies received the most warning letters (12), followed by oncology (10) and cardiology (9) researchers. The most common regulatory violations were deviation from the research plan, a flawed or nonexistent consent process, and failure to report or late reporting of adverse events. Three warning letters (8%) mentioned study misconduct, including data fabrication.

CONCLUSIONS
Warning letters are informative about good practice, ethics and participant protection in research. As distressing as the content in an FDA warning letter may be to investigators receiving it, that information can become an educational tool for all members of the research team. These letters are also informative as to what the FDA is looking for when they audit clinical trials.


Unique column combinations of a relational database table are sets of columns that contain only unique values. Discovering such combinations is a fundamental research problem and has many different data management and knowledge discovery applications. Existing discovery algorithms are either brute force or have a high memory load and can thus be applied only to small datasets or samples. In this paper, the well-known Gordian algorithm [9] and "Apriori-based" algorithms [4] are compared and analyzed for further optimization. We greatly improve the Apriori algorithms through efficient candidate generation and statistics-based pruning methods. A hybrid solution HCA-Gordian combines the advantages of Gordian and our new algorithm HCA, and it outperforms all previous work in many situations.


Recent years have witnessed a great deal of interest in extending answer set programming with function symbols. Since the evaluation of a program with function symbols might not terminate and checking termination is undecidable, several classes of logic programs have been proposed where the use of function symbols is limited but the program evaluation is guaranteed to terminate.

In this paper, we propose a novel class of logic programs whose evaluation always terminates. The proposed technique identifies terminating programs that are not captured by any of the current approaches. Our technique is based on the idea of measuring the size of terms and atoms to check whether the rule head size is bounded by the body, and performs a more fine-grained analysis than previous work. Rather than adopting an all-ornothing approach (either we can say that the program is terminating or we cannot say anything), our technique can identify arguments that are "limited" (i.e., where there is no infinite propagation of terms) even when the program is not entirely recognized as terminating. Identifying arguments that are limited can support the user in the problem formulation and help other techniques that use limited arguments as a starting point. Another useful feature of our approach is that it is able to leverage external information about limited arguments. We also provide results on the correctness, the complexity, and the expressivity of our technique.


In the year 2015 King of the Kraton Yogyakarta in succession issued Sabda Raja, Dawuh Raja, and Sabdajejering Raja which caused a polemic in Yogyakarta society. Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono X changed his name to Sri Sultan Hamengku Bawono ka 10 following the accompanying title, has appointed GKR Pembayun, his eldest daughter to be the crown princess with the title of GKR Mangkubumi which is identified as the title of the future male king. The effort of Sultan HB ka 10 wants to smooth his daughter's step become Sultanah later determined to be the rules applicable in the internal of Kraton Yogyakarta. The group that supports and reject the Sultana discourse also appear in the internal of Kraton Yogyakarta. Both groups are equally using mass media in the network (daring or online) to gain support. Through The Theoretical of Social Practise of Pierre Bourdieu, the author shows how the daring mass media has become an arena to strengthen the sultanah discourse in Kraton Yogyakarta, and the arena has been won by the Disciplinary Supporters of the Sultanah Discourse


The present study attempted to clarify the antihypertensive effect and its mechanism when alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is administered orally. For this purpose, 1 mL of flaxseed oil, which is rich in ALA, and high oleic safflower oil was administered orally to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of a control and an ALA group on days 1 and 5. Systolic blood pressure was measured on day 1, and blood and liver were collected on day 5. Four hours after the oral administration on day 1, systolic blood pressure of the ALA group was lower than that of the control group. Levels of plasma vasodilators, such as prostaglandin I(2) metabolite, nitric oxide metabolites, and bradykinin, in the ALA group were significantly higher than those in the control group, but levels of vasoconstrictors, such as angiotensin II and thromboxane A(2) metabolite, did not differ significantly. It is known that bradykinin induces prostaglandin I(2) and nitric oxide. The present study shows that ALA reduced the systolic blood pressure of SHR, and its mechanism may be related to increases of prostaglandin I(2) and nitric oxide through bradykinin stimulation.


With climate change, drought is expected to increase, and its negative impacts will be particularly important in developing countries, usually with rainfall-dependent agriculture. The Cabo Verde archipelago is characterized by limited resources, remoteness, vulnerability to natural disasters, and a fragile environment. In this study, we provide the first report of the current status and trends of agriculture in Cabo Verde. We present data on the current performance of agricultural production areas in these islands and discuss them in terms of their most important natural constraint, water. Also, we assess the impact of institutional strategies on crop production and evaluate recent mechanisms that have been engaged towards agrarian development in this archipelago. Our results show that, among the ten Cabo Verde Islands, Santiago has the largest area used for agriculture (52.5%), followed by Santo Antão (16%) and Fogo (15.8%), and that rainfed farming dominates in all of them. The staple crops, such as maize and beans, are produced through rainfed subsistence farming, whereas irrigated crops (i.e., sugarcane, tomatoes) are mostly grown for commercial purposes. The prolonged drought periods, exposure, erosion and soil degradation, which led to increasing desertification over the last decades, have been identified as the main constraints to agrarian development across the ten islands of the archipelago. The strategies of Cabo Verde government to mitigate water scarcity through small-scale irrigation based mainly on small dams and drip irrigation technology have a marked effect on agricultural production in the predominantly arid and semi-arid areas of this archipelago.


Restorative narratives describe a new form of journalism that attempts to overcome the detrimental effects of the more prevalent negative and destructive tone of news coverage. This study investigates the potentials and risks of restorative narratives in the coverage of crises with a 2 (restorative/negative) × 2 (COVID-19/climate crisis) experimental online study ( n = 829) for emotional, cognitive, evaluative, and behavioral outcomes. For both crises, results demonstrate that restorative narratives evoked more positive emotional reactions to the news, were more likely to be endorsed, and improved quality ratings of the news article compared with negative narratives. We found no effects for elaboration and information-seeking.


Measurements of C2–C8 non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) have been made in situ at Halley Base, Antarctica (75◦35°S, 26◦19°W) from February 2004 to February 2005 as part of the Chemistry of the Antarctic Boundary Layer and the Interface with Snow (CHABLIS) experiment. The data show long- and short-term variabilities in NMHCs controlled by the seasonal and geographic dependence of emissions and variation in atmospheric removal rates and pathways. Ethane, propane, iso-butane, n-butane and acetylene abundances followed a general OH-dependent sinusoidal seasonal cycle. The yearly averages were 186, 31, 3.2, 4.9 and 19 pptV, respectively, lower than those which were reported in some previous studies. Superimposed on a seasonal cycle was shorter-term variability that could be attributed to both synoptic airmass variability and localized loss processes due to other radical species. Hydrocarbon variability during periods of hour-to-day-long surface O3 depletion in late winter/early spring indicated active halogen atom chemistry estimated to be in the range 1.7 × 103–3.4 × 104 atom cm−3 for Cl and 4.8 × 106–9.6 × 107 atom cm−3 for Br. Longer-term negative deviations from sinusoidal behaviour in the late August were indicative of NMHC reaction with a persistent [Cl] of 2.3×103 atom cm−3.Maximum ethene and propene of 157 and 179 pptV, respectively, were observed in the late February/early March, consistent with increased oceanic biogenic emissions; however, their presence was significant year-round (June–August concentrations of 17.1 ± 18.3 and 7.9 ± 20.0 pptV, respectively).


Abstract Lisman, PJ, de la Motte, SJ, Gribbin, TC, Jaffin, DP, Murphy, K, and Deuster, PA. A systematic review of the association between physical fitness and musculoskeletal injury risk: part 1—cardiorespiratory endurance. J Strength Cond Res 31(6): 1744–1757, 2017—Musculoskeletal injuries (MSK-Is) are a significant health problem for both military and athletic populations. Research indicates that MSK-I is associated with physical fitness; however, the association between specific components of physical fitness and MSK-I in military and athletic populations has not been systematically examined. Our goal was to systematically review the literature to provide a best evidence synthesis on the relationship between components of physical fitness and MSK-I risk in military and civilian athletic populations. This first of 3 manuscripts focuses on cardiorespiratory endurance (CRE). MEDLINE, EBSCO, EMBASE, and the Defense Technical Information Center were searched for original studies published from 1970 through 2015 that examined associations between physical fitness and MSK-I. Forty-nine of 4,229 citations met our inclusion criteria. Primary findings indicate that there is (a) strong evidence that poor performance on a set distance run for time is a predictor for MSK-I risk in both genders; (b) strong evidence that poor performance on timed shuttle runs is a predictor for MSK-I risk in males; (c) moderate evidence in males and limited evidence in females that poor performance on a timed step test is a predictor of MSK-I risk; and (d) limited or insufficient evidence that poor performance on the Cooper run test, maximal and submaximal aerobic graded exercise tests, and the Conconi test are predictors of MSK-I risk in males or females or both. Several measures of CRE are risk factors for training-related MSK-I in military and civilian athletic populations, indicating that CRE may be an important measure for MSK-I risk stratification.


Biological invasions are a major threat to natural communities worldwide. While several species traits have been identified as important determinants of invasion success, a systematic exploration of the effects of invasions on native communities, and the role of species and community features on community robustness in the face of invasion is lacking. We present a theoretical approximation considering food web structure and species population dynamics to study the effects of invasions on complex food webs. We find that less complex (i.e. less connected) food webs are more resistant to invasions. Simulated invasions promote profound changes in several food web properties and stability measures, such as decreases in modularity and the number of food chains from basal to top species; and a decoupling of community- and population-level temporal variability. Additionally, species traits such as body size and diet breadth are strong determinants of invasion success across several trophic levels, with larger and more generalist species being more successful invaders in general. Our work complements species-centred invasion studies by adding a more holistic and systematic perspective to the study of invasions on species interaction networks.


Objective: Test the effects of stereotypic video game portrayals with and without violence on attitudes toward the stereotyped group. Method: Two experiments tested the effects of stereotypic video game portrayals of Arabs in a violent and nonviolent context on implicit and explicit attitudes and perceptions of Arabs. Results: In both experiments, participants who played an antiterrorist game displayed heightened antiArab attitudes relative to participants who played a nonviolent game. In Experiment 1, those who had played a Arab-terrorist game were more likely to draw "typical" Arabs with stereotypic traits, negative affect, and weapons. In Experiment 2, inclusion of Arab characters in a nonviolent game was sufficient to increase anti-Arab attitudes, but the Arabs-as-terrorists game yielded even stronger effects. Conclusion: These results are important for three reasons. First, results suggest that video game stereotypes can prime negative and aggressive perceptions, attitudes, and affect toward the stereotyped group. Second, this effect appears larger when the stereotyped group is portrayed in a violent-terrorism context than in a nonviolent context. Third, playing a terrorism themed game even without Arab characters led to higher anti-Arab attitudes, suggesting the presence of a strong associative link between terrorism and Arabs in the sampled population.


A rare example of a successful long-term elimination of the mosquito Aedes aegypti is in Brisbane, Queensland, where the legislatively-enforced removal of rainwater tanks drove its disappearance by the mid-1950s. However, a decade-long drought led to the mass installation of rainwater tanks throughout the region, re-introducing critical breeding sites for the mosquito's persistence in this subtropical region. With Ae. aegypti re-invading towns just 150 km north of Brisbane, we examined the potential for their sustained elimination. Through genomic analyses, we estimated historical expansion and current isolation between neighboring populations as close as 15 kilometers. The estimated recent migration rate, entomological and meteorological data were used to calibrate the simulations of elimination campaigns in the two southernmost populations. Our simulations indicate that Ae. aegypti could be eliminated with moderate release numbers of incompatible Wolbachia-infected (IIT) males (sorted with an error rate ≤10-6) if non-compliant rainwater tanks are removed first. With this combined campaign, highly effective suppression (>99%) was predicted in both towns, and complete elimination was predicted in 35% of simulations in one town. Without tank removal, however, IIT led to a moderate suppression (61-93%) even with a 40:1 ratio of released IIT males to local males. Moreover, with a ratio of >20:1, Wolbachia establishment was predicted when the sorting error was >10-7. Our conservative estimates of intervention outcomes inform the planning of Ae. aegypti elimination in the region, and offer insight into the effective combinations of conventional and novel control tools, particularly for vulnerable mosquito populations at range margins. Significance After decades of range stagnation in Australia, the Aedes aegypti mosquito is expanding southward, approaching the most-densely-populated areas of Queensland. Using population genomics and simulation modeling of elimination campaigns, we show that Australia's southernmost populations of this disease vector are genetically isolated and could be eliminated with moderate releases of incompatible Wolbachia-infected males if major larval breeding sites (non-compliant rainwater tanks) are removed first. The risk of Wolbachia establishment for this approach is low, and so is the risk of quick mosquito re-invasion. Our conservative estimates of intervention outcomes inform the planning of Ae. aegypti elimination in the region, and offer new insight into the benefits of combining conventional and novel control tools, particularly for mosquito populations at range margins.


Ojibwa Narratives presents a fresh view of an early period of Ojibwa thought and ways of life in Michigan's Upper Peninsula and the south shore of Lake Superior. This fascinating collection of fifty-two narratives features, for the first time, the tales of three nineteenth-century Ojibwa storytellers-Charles and Charlotte Kawbawgam and Jaques LePique-collected by Homer H. Kidder. By the late nineteenth century, typical Ojibwa life had been disrupted by the influx of white developers. But these tales reflect a nostalgic view of an earlier period when the heart of Ojibwa semi-nomadic culture remained intact, a time when the fur trade, together with seasonal roving, traditional transportation, and indigenous practices of child rearing, religious thought, art, and music permeated daily life.