Abstract. This contribution shows the first results of a research in fieri, which aims to introduce low-cost instruments for the continuous monitoring of architectures. The use of these devices in the architectural field is of great interest to the scientific community and therefore, with the aim of researching rapid mapping methodologies, the integrated camera on the new iPhone 12PRO is analyzed and then compared with the NikonD5000 reflex camera, whose use is more consolidated. In the era of digitalization and industry 4.0, smartphones have made significant progress and these devices are establishing as ideal solutions, thanks to their technical characteristics, costs and portability, compared to other acquisition techniques. The study is aimed at experimenting with image-based methodologies with the use of low-cost sensors where the three-dimensional models will constitute the basic element on which, through augmented reality applications, it will be possible to implement strategies aimed at documentation, conservation and monitoring. The experiment, reported therein, was conducted on the facade of the Quadriportico of the Cathedral of San Matteo in Salerno, Italy.


Monsoons emerge over a range of land surface conditions and exhibit varying physical characteristics over the seasonal cycle, from onset to withdrawal. Systematically varying the moisture and albedo parameters over land in an idealized modeling framework allows one to analyze the physics underlying the successive stages of monsoon development. To this end we implement an isolated South American continent with reduced heat capacity but no topography in an idealized moist general circulation model. Irrespective of the local moisture availability, the seasonal cycles of precipitation and circulation over the South American monsoon sector are distinctly monsoonal with the default surface albedo. The dry land case (zero evaporation) is characterized by a shallow overturning circulation with vigorous lower-tropospheric ascent, transporting water vapor from the ocean. By contrast, with bucket hydrology or unlimited land moisture the monsoon features deep moist convection that penetrates the upper troposphere. A series of land albedo perturbation experiments indicates that the monsoon strengthens with the net column energy flux and the near-surface moist static energy with all land moisture conditions. When the land-ocean thermal contrast is strong enough, inertial instability alone is sufficient for producing a shallow but vigorous circulation and converging a large amount of moisture from the ocean even in the absence of land moisture. Once the land is sufficiently moist, convective instability takes hold and the shallow circulation deepens. These results have implications for monsoon onset and intensification, and may elucidate the seasonal variations in how surface warming impacts tropical precipitation over land.


Abstract. The review presents the fundamental ideas, assumptions and methods of non-invasive density measurements via ultrasound at solid–liquid interface. Since the first investigations in the 1970s there has been steady progress with regard to both the technological and methodical aspects. In particular, the technology in electronics has reached such a high level that industrial applications come within reach. In contrast, the accuracies have increased slowly from 1–2% to 0.15% for constant temperatures and to 0.4% for dynamic temperature changes. The actual work reviews all methodical aspects, and highlights the lack of clarity in major parts of the measurement principle: simplifications in the physical basics, signal generation and signal processing. With respect to process application the accuracy of the temperature measurement and the presence of temperature gradients have been identified as a major source of uncertainty. In terms of analytics the main source of uncertainty is the reflection coefficient, and as a consequence of this, the amplitude accuracy in time or frequency domain.


Children with disabilities are disproportionately impacted by COVID-19 and the containment response. Their caregivers must now adapt to increased stressors such as lack of access to needed therapies, medical supplies, and nursing care. Prior to COVID-19 these families were already marginalized, and this has only worsened during the pandemic. As a vulnerable population, children with disabilities have not been the focus of much discussion during the pandemic, likely because the disease disproportionately impacts older individuals. Nonetheless, children with disabilities should be a focus of evaluation and intervention to mitigate the negative consequences of COVID-19 and the resulting containment strategies. Their needs should be included in future crisis planning, as well. In order to raise awareness of pediatric rehabilitation professionals, health care administrators, policy makers, and advocates, this manuscript provides a discussion of the following topics: the immediate and ongoing impacts on children with disabilities and their families, the ethical concerns and implications of triage protocols for scarce resources that consider disability in their scoring systems, and optimizing medical care and educational needs in the time of COVID.


Recently, we constructed a series of highly efficient universal eukaryotic gene expression vectors (Sheay et al., BioTechniques 15:856-862, 1993). Such vectors contain a viral promoter and enhancer followed by the adenovirus tripartite leader sequence, a multiple cloning site for the insertion of the gene of interest and a polyadenylation sequence. To enable expression of peptides to be secreted into the tissue culture medium or to be incorporated into the cell membrane, several modifications have been introduced into such vectors: stop codons in all three reading frames were inserted at the end of the multiple cloning site and a DNA sequence coding for a signal peptide for transport through the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) was introduced downstream of the adenovirus tripartite leader sequence followed by two unique restriction enzyme recognition sites. A protocol is described that allows fast and easy cloning of peptide-coding regions, i.e., PCR products, for expression and secretion. The transport of a genetically engineered chimeric transmembrane protein connected to this ER leader sequence was as efficient as that of the original protein from which the ER sequence has been derived. These universal vectors can also be used for the easy construction of any chimeric transmembrane or secretion proteins.


Anemia is a very common clinical problem in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in these patients. Erythropoietin is a hormone synthesized that is deficient in the majority of patients with advanced kidney disease, thereby predisposing these patients to anemia. The other cause of anemia is deficiency of iron. Iron deficiency anemia is common in people with CKD and its importance in supporting erythropoiesis is unquestioned, especially in those patients treated with erythropoietin. Intravenous iron is frequently used to treat anemia in CKD patients and is very efficacious in increasing hemoglobin but at the same time there are some safety issues associated with it. The objective of this review is to assess the frequency of adverse drug events associated with four different iron formulations: two iron dextran products known as high and low molecular weight iron dextran, iron sucrose, and sodium ferric gluconate complex. Several electronic databases were searched. In general, with the exception of high molecular weight iron dextran, serious or life-threatening adverse events appeared rare. Iron sucrose has the least reported adverse events and high molecular weight iron dextran has the highest number of reported adverse events. Low molecular weight iron dextran and ferric gluconate fall in between these two for number of adverse drug events.


In 1995 the case of "Child B" reached the headlines of British newspapers and stirred public debate about the decision to withhold a second bone marrow transplant from a child with acute myeloid leukaemia. 1 2 The decision was based on the weakness of scientific and clinical evidence of the treatment's efficacy. It was also argued that the decision was in accordance with guidelines for patient selection that were already in place for such specialised treatment. A central issue is why judgments such as this are not perceived as legitimate, even when they are based on clinical guidelines. The explanation may lie partly in the fact that the guidelines used have not been developed through a process considered as legitimate. Why should the patient, her parents, or the public accept some little known guidelines developed within the closed communities of medical experts? This issue is valid for all types of clinical practice guidelines. In this article, I examine guidelines as a mechanism for rationing and argue that this mechanism can be improved by involving the patient and the public.

#### Summary points

Clinical practice guidelines can be mechanisms for rationing and tools for improving the quality of rationing decisions

However, additional criteria for assessing the acceptability of evidence based clinical practice guidelines are needed

Rationing decisions based on guidelines could be acceptable if guidelines are developed through open and fair procedures

Guidelines used for rationing should be accessible to the public and explicit reasons for recommendations should be provided

Rationing can be defined as the withholding of potentially beneficial health care through financial or organisational features of the healthcare system in question. The definition is broad enough to encompass the view that withholding of treatment perceived to be beneficial should be seen as a question of rationing.

One of the basic assumptions in …


Abstract
This study examines how foreign R&D investment may explain interfirm variations in productivity performance of home country firms in terms of spillovers. Many have studied spillovers from MNCs to host country's firms, but there is still scarce evidence on spillovers from outward FDI to the home country. This study analyzes spillovers from foreign R&D investment and hypothesizes that the benefit of outward R&D spillovers occurs only when knowledge accumulated in foreign R&D centers is effectively transferred to MNCs' parent companies at home. This benefit depends on the mandate of foreign R&D units, their embeddedness in the host economy, and their entry mode. Using detailed firm-level data for Switzerland, our findings seem to support our arguments.


Computed radiography (CR) using storage phosphors is widely used in digital radiography and mammography. A cascaded linear systems approach wherein several parameter values were estimated using Monte Carlo methods was used to model the image formation process of a single-side read "flying spot" CR system using a granular phosphor. Objective image quality metrics such as modulation transfer function and detective quantum efficiency were determined using this model and show good agreement with published empirical data. A model such as that addressed in this work could allow for improved understanding of the effect of storage phosphor physical properties and CR reader parameters on objective image quality metrics for existing and evolving CR systems.


The risks to the large organization of being able to complete the development of large software intensive systems on time and in budget include not just the defining and maintaining of proper requirements and work processes, but also in the defining and maintaining of the proper organizational work structures. Bureaucratic structures prevalent in large organizations can be inefficient and irrational especially in regards to unplanned surprises, exigencies, contingencies, and the emergent properties that are the normal part of the development and integration of first-of and one-of-a-kind large systems. All large software intensive systems, at their true core, are experiments, and experimentation and bureaucracy have proved to be, over time, destructively antithetical in basic values. Conway's law, first stated in 1968, has by the lights of 2005 provided only a superficial explanation of the antipathy of bureaucracy towards the unknown and risk. The belief that "[o]rganizations which design systems...are constrained to produce designs which are copies of the communication structures of these organizations", can be easily refuted by noting that hierarchical organizations have been quite successful in designing and implementing networked systems subsequent to the invention of Ethernet and TCP/IP. The example provided by Conway was not sufficient by itself to draw the conclusion was made, a common fallacy of cause and effect, but he was certainly on an interesting path of investigation. Large system development failures cannot be prevented soley through improved planning, requirements, processes and software. Improvement must also come from the recognition of the limits of organization, planning and process; the recognition of the basic antipathy between bureaucracy and risk; the recognition of the need for organizational structures that scale yet remain responsive; the recognition of the need for better attitudes towards faults and failures, and the recognition that in order to reduce the risks that are inherent when the technical becomes political, that one must reduce the risks of speaking truth to power. The short article that follows is intended to raise more questions than provide answers, and the references are intended to provide a starting point for further research.


The Z39.50 protocol is a standard network language for searching and retrieving records from remote databases. The Z39.50 client/server session model provides multiple abstract views of records, depending on whether searching, retrieval, or element selection is taking place. The underlying network stream that carries user queries, database records, diagnostics, and protocol control information is structured according to the Basic Encoding Rules (BER) as applied to human readable specifications written in the Abstract Syntax Notation, ASN.1. Several important decisions face creators of Z39.50 servers. Building the BER transport mechanism may be done from scratch or with software tools compiled from ASN.1. Develop-ing a model for managing result sets (records resulting from a query) is required by the stateful nature of Z39.50. A switch may need to be designed to route a query to one of several database engines for resolution, depending on which engine or database management system administers the database(s) being searched. In order to respond to search cancel requests, a server's input system must be at least partially asynchro-nous. Performance requirements may favor a multi-threaded design over a simpler single-threaded design.


Changes in the interest rate and the capital cost will influence important characteristics of investments, such as the expected life time, the factor intensity and the factor productivity of new capital goods. When Harrod-neutral technical progress is endogenous and variable, an increased interest rate will lower the lifetime as well as the factor intensity of the capital good in the Cobb-Douglas case, while there will be a reversed outcome when the substitutability between factor inputs is low. The latter outcome can be interpreted in terms of a reswitching process, that is, one identical factor intensity can arise at two different factor price ratios.


The Posidonia Shale (Lower Toarcian, Upper Lias) is famous for its fossilized vertebrates. Since the beginning of the excavations of the State Museum of Natural History in Brunswick in 2014, a number of isolated bones of pterosaurs have been unearthed and tentatively referred to Dorygnathus banthensis (Theodori 1830). The findings of pterosaurs are a curiosity in northern Germany, as they are usually known from famous sites in southern Germany. Using 3D scans, sketches and high-resolution photographs, the bones are analyzed individually and compared to findings described in the literature. Based on the dentition and proportions of the lower jaw, the proportions of the humerus, the lengths of the flight finger phalanges and on the lower leg with adhered tibia and fibula, most of the bones seem to belong to small, probably juvenile, individuals of Dorygnathus banthensis. The characters of the humerus and the phalanges of the flight digit suggest that flight in Dorygnathus banthensis was possible. Furthermore, the remains of teeth yield information about the cycle of tooth replacement.


The distribution of four top predators in the Tyrrhenian Sea, a sub-basin of the Mediterranean Sea, was investigated by means of random forest regression considering depth, distance from the coast, seafloor slope, and distance from seamounts as habitat descriptors on a 2x2–nautical mile regular grid. RF results are processed to estimate variable importance and model performance. Random forest architecture reached optimal sensitivity and specificity, thus providing a consistent support tool for identifying suitable habitats. The considered species are characterized as having patched suitable habitats with a number of hot-spot areas where the different species' habitats overlap. These hot-spot areas' locations correspond to those of specific seamounts identifying the attraction effect of these topographic structures. The mean features typifying the most attractive seamounts are investigated and found to be shallow peak and base depths but wide base area and high relative elevation.


Mechanical and morphological anisotropy play key roles in the function of native cardiac tissues. In the current study, finite element simulations, morphological and mechanical analysis were used to investigate interactions between the geometry of accordion-like honeycomb poly(glycerol sebacate) scaffolds and cardiomyocytes seeded via a collagen solution gelled within the pores. Specifically, the mechanical behavior of the accordion-like honeycomb scaffold itself, as well as the statistical arrangement of the collagen fibrils within the pores, were determined from uniaxial tensile testing, finite element simulations, and image analysis of confocal reflectance micrographs. Further, the shape, orientation, and deformation of individual, fluorescently labeled cardiomyocytes within the collagen gel-filled accordion-like honeycomb pores, were measured from 3-D reconstructions of laser scanning confocal z-stacks and compared with finite element predictions. Collectively, these results contribute toward our understanding of how scaffold microarchitecture imparts at both the macro-and micro-scales in promoting the formation of anisotropic engineered tissues mimicking myocardial structural-mechanics.


Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of leprosy on basic electrocardiography (ECG) parameters. Materials and Methods: A total of 66 patients including 33 patients with leprosy (mean age: 70.06 years, 24 males) and 33 control patients (mean age: 56.66 years, 15 males) were included in the study. ECG recordings of all patients were obtained, and groups were compared in terms of heart rate, PR, QT, QTc, JTc, and T peak to T end (Tp-e) durations and branch blocks. Results: QT (391.30 vs. 367.66, p<0.01), QTc (423.57 vs. 407.15, p<0.01), and Tp-e (74.18 vs. 66.93, p<0.001) intervals were significantly prolonged in the leprosy group. The left anterior hemiblock (LAH) was observed more in patients with leprosy (42.4% in 14 patients) than in the non-leprosy group (42.4% vs. 12.1%, p<0.01). In addition, the rate of the unifascicularblock was significantly higher in the leprosy group (39.4% vs. 9.1%, p<0.01). Conclusion: Leprosy has a significant effect on QT, QTc, and Tp-e intervals. Prolongation of the QT, QTc, and Tp-e intervals is an indicator of leprosy's effect on the cardiac autonomic system. The ratio of the LAH is also rather high, and that may be a marker of the area where leprosy is most effective on the heart.


Pancreatic cancer is the 4th leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. The number of diagnoses per year equals the number of deaths per year, making it the deadliest of all malignancies. Modern advances and breakthroughs in molecular oncology have allowed researchers to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis of this disease. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway is one of the signaling systems that has been identified as a major contributor. TGF-β plays a paradoxical role as both a tumor suppressor and a tumor promoter in pancreatic cancer. The purpose of this review is to provide the practicing clinician a thorough review of this molecule and its associated signaling partners in the context of its duplicitous role and behavior in patients with pancreatic cancer.


The fully enriched μ-calculus is the extension of the propositional
μ-calculus with inverse programs, graded modalities, and nominals. While
satisfiability in several expressive fragments of the fully enriched
μ-calculus is known to be decidable and ExpTime-complete, it has recently
been proved that the full calculus is undecidable. In this paper, we study the
fragments of the fully enriched μ-calculus that are obtained by dropping at
least one of the additional constructs. We show that, in all fragments obtained
in this way, satisfiability is decidable and ExpTime-complete. Thus, we
identify a family of decidable logics that are maximal (and incomparable) in
expressive power. Our results are obtained by introducing two new automata
models, showing that their emptiness problems are ExpTime-complete, and then
reducing satisfiability in the relevant logics to these problems. The automata
models we introduce are two-way graded alternating parity automata over
infinite trees (2GAPTs) and fully enriched automata (FEAs) over infinite
forests. The former are a common generalization of two incomparable automata
models from the literature. The latter extend alternating automata in a similar
way as the fully enriched μ-calculus extends the standard μ-calculus.


Although interest in narrative research is increasing, little attention has been paid to how individual stories become a group narrative. An online environment provides a rich opportunity to capture asynchronous group storytelling as it occurs in a formal class environment. This study focused on how a group story is created. Data included individual stories of four graduate student participants and the threads from their three-week, online discussion. Data analysis was collaborative among three researchers. The four participants used the online discussion to continue developing their own individual stories and to develop a group story. The women used temporality, shared themes, and epiphany to construct a story together. They extended a sense of agency to each other and to the group, using this aspect of their dialogue to reframe and recast individual stories and the group story. Implications for teaching and learning environments are discussed.


Dear Editor, We report the anesthesiologic management of a 4.5 year-old-child with an undiagnosed Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), who underwent an emergency operation after having swallowed a coin. The boy attended the emergency department with dysphagia and saliva drooling after having swallowed a coin, which was impacted in the cervical part of the esophagus. His parents reported complete vaccination history and bronchial asthma since infancy under treatment with inhalers. Up to two days before his admission, he had been treated for bronchitis with oral antibiotics. Although there was no family history of muscle disorder, his mother reported that he frequently complained of tight calves. On palpation both his calves were very tight while all other clinical examination was normal. Based on the history and the clinical examination, additional blood tests were performed: aspartate transaminase: 601 u/l, alanine transaminase: 335 u/l, lactate dehydrogenase: 2,336 u/l, creatine phosphokinase (CPK): 4,3461 u/l, alkaline phosphatase: 131 u/l. Electrolytes, blood sugar, urea, creatinine, serum Ca and PO4 and the hematological profile were normal. These biochemical results, in combination with the history and the clinical examination, raised the suspicion that the boy could be suffering from an undiagnosed form of muscular dystrophy. Before induction to anesthesia he received intravenous (IV) metoclopramide 0.15 mg/kg, dexamethasone 0.1 mg/kg, and ondansetron 0.05 mg/kg. Induction was obtained by IV propofol 3 mg/kg, and rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg. Rapid sequence intubation was applied. Anesthesia was maintained by propofol infusion 200 μg/kg/min, and bolus fentanyl 2 μg/kg. Intra-operatively blood pressure, cardiac rate, body temperature, O2 saturation and CO2 remained normal. Propofol was discontinued when TOF =90%. Reversion of muscle relaxation was obtained with IV sugammadex 2 mg/kg when TOF >90%. The child was extubated 50 minutes later and recovered promptly. After discharge, he was referred to the Medical Genetics Department, where the diagnosis was confirmed as DMD due to duplication of exon2 of the dystrophin gene. In patients with DMD, certain problems can render general anesthesia extremely intricate, such as difficult intubation due to macroglossia, malignant hyperthermia after use of volatile anesthetic agents, and reduced laryngeal reflexes and prolonged time of gastric evacuation increasing the chances of aspiration. In addition, in DMD patients, no volatile gasses and no succinylcholine can be used for fear of rhabdomyolysis and hyperkalaemia1. Sugammadex, a drug known for its ability to reverse a rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block, was preferred in this boy since the use of succinylcholine was contraindicated2. Although we did not have a definitive diagnosis, we became suspicious based on the history of frequent cramps in the child's calf muscles, the tightness of his calf muscles on clinical examination and the extremely high value of CPK in biochemical tests. As the child was a chronic asthmatic, who had been treated with antibiotics for respiratory infection until two days before his admission, and also due to his dysphagia and saliva drooling from the foreign body impaction, we considered him as a good candidate for rapid sequence intubation for his anesthesia. This case emphasizes the importance of a careful pre-anesthetic assessment that led to the clinical suspicion of DMD and finally to the successful anesthetic management of an undiagnosed child.


Elucidating the molecular mechanism of the brain harrier transport is a key step toward successful drug delivery to the brain. In this review, we focused on the usefulness and the limitations of the newly developed in vitro model. To overcome several limitations of classical in vitro model, conditionally immortalized mouse (TM-BBB) and rat (TR-BBB) brain capillary endothelial cell lines and a choroid plexus epithelial cell line (TR-CSFB) were established from the temperature sensitive SU 40 large T antigen gene transgenic animals. mRNA and protein expression of GLUT1 in TR-BBB was 100 folds greater than that of primary culture, Several known transporter genes were identified for TR-BBB or TM-BBB, including organic anion transporter 3 (OAT 3) and organic anion transporting polypeptide 2 (oatp 2). Employing TM-BBB, new brain barrier functions have been clarified such as creatine transporter (CRT) and GABA transporter (GAT 2/BGT-1). TR-BBB has been applied for the study of expressional regulation of transporters at the BBB, e. g., L-proline and glycine transporter (ATA 2) and taurine transporter (TAUT). Moreover, one of the most important subjects for the in vitro BBB model is to clarify the expression and regulation of the tight junction proteins at the BBB. Co-culture systems among TR-BBB, conditionally immortalized astrocyte (TR-AST) and pericyte (TR-PCT) cell lines were developed and revealed that the expression of occludin, a tight-junction component, was induced by soluble factors secreted from TR-AST and TR-PCT. For the brain drug delivery research, the new in vitro model will provide rational and efficient strategies.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of internal factors (pH, NaCl) and external factors (temperature, incubation time) on the ability of Staphylococcus aureus to grow and to produce staphylococcal enterotoxins SEA, SEB, and SEC. The fresh cheese environment was modelled in Brain Heart Infusion Broth media and food matrices (pasteurized milk from retail outlets) by internal and external factors (pH = 4.5 and 5.5, 2% NaCl, and t = 8 °C and 15 °C). The counts of enterotoxigenic strains of S. aureus at baseline, i.e. at the time of inoculation of model samples, corresponded to those encountered in the production of fresh cheeses as a result of post-pasteurization contamination. Enumeration of S. aureus was performed in accordance with EN ISO 6888-1, using agar medium. Staphylococcal enterotoxins were detected by the enzyme-linked fluorescence assay. The pH (4.5) and refrigeration temperature (8 °C) used prevented S. aureus from achieving the critical count of 105 cfu·ml-1 specified in Commission Regulation (EC) No. 2073/2005. The highest rates of enterotoxin production were recorded for enterotoxin A. The growth curves of S. aureus derived from model experiments were compared with the growth curve generated by a predictive microbiology program - Pathogen Modelling Program. The results of this study proved the Pathogen Modelling Program to be suitable for use in the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points system in the process of the fresh cheese production to help manufacturers prevent the growth of S. aureus and enterotoxin production. Staphylococcus aureus, ELFA, miniVIDAS ® , Pathogen Modelling Program, food safety


The paradigm of communication "anywhere, any way and at any time" of mobile and universal computing extends to "anything, any person and anyservice" with the Internet of Things (IoT). There are more and more users adopting these technologies that generate significant ammounts of information. However, there are individuals and institutions (public and private) that seek to triangulate some of this information with various purposes, not always with good intentions. Most people are un aware of the threats that exist on-line, and it is unlikely for them to seek protection from something they ignore. This paper seeks to bring awareness towards the risks that exist when providing personal information on-line, particularly by pointing out some advice for the protection of sensitive data regarding children and their families. A broad description of how mexican parents deal with their children's activities on the internet is the starting point for a culture of awareness, education and protection of the children's information security and privacy on-line.


Genomic imprinting and maternal effects are two epigenetic factors that have been increasingly explored for their roles in the etiology of complex diseases. This is part of a concerted effort to find the "missing heritability." Accordingly, statistical methods have been proposed to detect imprinting and maternal effects simultaneously based on either a case-parent triads design or a case-mother/control-mother pairs design. However, existing methods are full-likelihood based and have to make strong assumptions concerning mating type probabilities (nuisance parameters) to avoid overparametrization. In this paper we propose to augment the two popular study designs by combining them and including control-parent triads, so that our sample may contain a mixture of case-parent/control-parent triads and case-mother/control-mother pairs. By matching the case families with control families of the same structure and stratifying according to the familial genotypes, we are able to derive a partial likelihood that is free of the nuisance parameters. This renders unnecessary any unrealistic assumptions and leads to a robust procedure without sacrificing power. Our simulation study demonstrates that our partial likelihood method has correct type I error rate, little bias and reasonable power under a variety of settings.


Liquidity dried up during the financial crisis of 2007-2009. Banks that relied more heavily on core deposit and equity capital financing, which are stable sources of financing, continued to lend relative to other banks. Banks that held more illiquid assets on their balance sheets, in contrast, increased asset liquidity and reduced lending. Off-balance sheet liquidity risk materialized on the balance sheet and constrained new credit origination as increased takedown demand displaced lending capacity. We conclude that efforts to manage the liquidity crisis by banks led to a decline in credit supply.


6 The citation graph is a computational artifact that is widely used to represent the domain of published 7 literature. It represents connections between published works, such as citations and authorship. Among 8 other things, the graph supports the computation of bibliometric measures such as h-indexes and impact 9 factors. There is now an increasing demand that we should treat the publication of data in the same way 10 that we treat conventional publications. In particular, we should cite data for the same reasons that we 11 cite other publications. 12 In this paper we discuss what is needed for the citation graph to represent data citation. We identify 13 two challenges: (i) to model the evolution of credit appropriately (through references) over time and 14 (ii) to model data citation not only to a dataset treated as a single object but also to parts of it. We 15 describe an extension of the current citation graph model that addresses these challenges. It is built 16 on two central concepts: citable units and reference subsumption. We discuss how this extension would 17 enable data citation to be represented within the citation graph and how it allows for improvements in 18 current practices for bibliometric computations both for scientific publications and for data. 19


Two cases of complete subglottic stenosis, with absence of any subglottic airway, are presented. Both patients were treated via an anterior tracheo-crico-thyrotomy with excision of scar tissue. In both patients the newly created lumen was stented with Silastic covered with a buccal graft. One of these patients also had a hyoid bone autograft inserted between the cut edges of the cricoid ring. Both patients were successfully decannulated. The literature is reviewed in order to trace the history of the development of the procedures used.


ABSTRACT Disruption of pRB-E2F interactions by E1A is a key event in the adenoviral life cycle that drives expression of early viral transcription and induces cell cycle progression. This function of E1A is complicated by E2F1, an E2F family member that controls multiple processes besides proliferation, including apoptosis and DNA repair. Recently, a second interaction site in pRB that only contacts E2F1 has been discovered, allowing pRB to control proliferation separately from other E2F1-dependent activities. Based on this new insight into pRB-E2F1 regulation, we investigated how E1A affects control of E2F1 by pRB. Our data reveal that pRB-E2F1 interactions are resistant to E1A-mediated disruption. Using mutant forms of pRB that selectively force E2F1 to bind through only one of the two binding sites on pRB, we determined that E1A is unable to disrupt E2F1's unique interaction with pRB. Furthermore, analysis of pRB-E2F complexes during adenoviral infection reveals the selective maintenance of pRB-E2F1 interactions despite the presence of E1A. Our experiments also demonstrate that E2F1 functions to maintain cell viability in response to E1A expression. This suggests that adenovirus E1A's seemingly complex mechanism of disrupting pRB-E2F interactions provides selectivity in promoting viral transcription and cell cycle advancement, while maintaining cell viability.


: The activity of seven macrolides, clindamycin and telithromycin against clinical isolates of Corynebacterium spp. was studied. Of these, 36 isolates were identified as C. jeikeium and 57 as C. amycolatum. The frequency of resistance to erythromycin and other macrolides as well as clindamycin was high, with CMI(90) >256 microg/ml. Telithromycin showed the best activity, with 52.3% of C. amycolatum and 70% of C. jeikeium erythromycin-resistant strains susceptible to this ketolide. All strains had the MLSb constitutive phenotype. The ermX gene was present in all erythromycin-resistant strains, and in C. amycolatum was 100% homologous with that of C. striatum and C. diphtheriae.


The sealing of microchannels is a key step in the fabrication of microfluidic devices and thermal bonding is a common technique used. Here, major manufacturing issues and considerations in thermal bonding are investigated, including bonding quality and microchannel deformations. Flatness of substrate is extremely crucial to the uniformity in bonding. While increased bonding pressure helps to overcome problems related to surface topography and to enhance bond strength, its significant impact on geometrical changes of microchannel due to viscoelastic effect should also be taken into consideration.


The public health crisis of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is alarming since January 2020. COVID-19 genome (SARS-CoV-2) is related to other highly pathogenic coronaviruses SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) and MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus). Amino acid substitutions in some of SARS-CoV-2 proteins resulted in mutations proposing more virulent and contagious properties for this novel virus. Coronavirus penetrates the host cell via endocytosis and once infected, immune responses are triggered to fight against the pathogen. Innate immune response activates major transcription factors to secrete proinflammatory cytokines and type 1 interferon response (T1INF) to induce antiviral immunity. While adaptive immunity initiates cascade of B-cells antibody mediated and T-cells cellular mediate immunities, several mechanisms are raised by SARS-CoV-2 to evade host immune response. Consequently, a surge of proinflammatory cytokines, known as cytokine storm (CS) are released. Failure to manage CS results in several pathological complications as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although researches have not discovered an effective treatment against SARS-CoV-2, recent therapeutic approaches recommending the use of anti-inflammatories in combination with antivirals and some repurposed drugs for COVID-19 patients. Future medications should be designed to target essential hallmarks in the CS to improve clinical outcomes.


The mechanism by which millimolar concentrations of ATP stimulate the activity and increase the processivity of calf thymus DNA polymerase alpha has been investigated with poly(dA)/oligo(dT) as template/primer to eliminate possible effects due to primer synthesis. The effect of ATP on the rate of DNA synthesis with this template/primer was found to be dependent upon whether or not the ATP was neutralized and the species of buffer used in the reaction. The present studies suggest that ATP stimulation of calf thymus DNA polymerase can be attributed to changes in the pH of the reaction mixture, a shift in the magnesium ion optimum, or both. Furthermore, effects of ATP on the processivity of DNA polymerase alpha could be mimicked by lowering the pH of the reaction mixture.


Different types of off road vehicles are widely used in agriculture, oil industry, mining and military operations but none of them can effectively operate over the swamp peat terrain because of its low bearing capacity of 7kN/m2. Segmented rubber tracked vehicle and intelligent air-cushion system tracked vehicle were developed in Malaysia for swamp peat terrain. 16kN/m2 of ground pressure was exerted by using the segmented rubber tracked vehicle during field operation therefore could not be operated efficiently. The air-cushion tracked vehicle increased the floatation capacity but at the same time increased the frictional effects therefore the tracks of the vehicle easily slipped out from the traction wheels during operation. Addressing these issues an intelligent additional track mechanism for tracked vehicle has been designed to improve the mobility over swamp peat terrain where the additional track would be increased the ground surface area and reduced the vehicle ground pressure. This paper presents the process involved in designing the intelligent additional track mechanism tracked vehicle for transportation of agricultural and industrial goods on the swamp peat terrain with bearing capacity of 7kN/m2. The mechanical design comprises of track vehicle frame with track mechanism. Additional track mechanism with Fuzzy expert system. The design parameters are optimized using developed mathematical model based on the dynamics and kinematics behavior of the vehicle. In order to increase the vehicle contact surface area and reduce the surface contact pressure the additional track mechanism is designed in such way that it can be folded and unfolded from its position by using the ball-screw scissor lift mechanism. While, Fuzzy expert system is used to control the movement of the lift mechanism based on 70mm critical sinkage of vehicle detected from a set of sensors. The completed to vehicle system would be used for off-road applications as required.


The recent project of the Task Force on Quality in Australian Health Care represents the first nationally organised effort to assess the quality of care in Australia's hospitals. As such it has focused attention on the principle that managing quality involves measurement. Quality management is largely about measurement finding facts rather than finding fault. The arrival, therefore, of this compact book is very timely and topical. It has 16 chapters, each written by a different author or group of authors, and each dealing with a different aspect of quality management that requires measurement. The text is easy to read and each chapter is relatively brief, accompanied by simple and clear diagrams and tables and followed by detailed references. Its multiple authors make it a compilation of articles around a common theme rather than a unified text in which one chapter leads logically to the next. While this results in some unevenness of style and presentation, it does nothing to detract from the book's value. It was written for the health environment of the United States, but demands a local interpretation for the Australian reader. The chapter dealing with measuring quality for a health fund is one such example, but one that casts a fresh perspective on the responsibilities of health funds. Similarly, the chapter on ambulatory care serves as a reminder that managing quality should not begin and end in hospitals. One or two chapters continue the current all too common fad of using the term "quality improvement" instead of the more meaningful terms quality management and quality assurance this only further compounds the confusion in terminology that abounds in this field without in any way assisting with understanding or communication. Also worthy of criticism is the serious omission of any reference to the use of combined outcome and process criteria in automated systems for the assessment of quality. However, in Australia texts on assessment or measurement of quality are few, so this one represents an important addition, and one that is also good value for money.


This work investigated high permittivity hafnium based dielectric films for use in future generation metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) technologies. For the sub100 nm MOS structure, the conventional Si02 gate dielectric required is becoming too thin (<1.2nm). The extremely thin silicon dioxide gate dielectric can no longer prevent tunneling current. The International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) has identified the need for the "introduction and process integration of high-k gate stack materials and processes for high performance, low operating and low standby power MOSFETs." Hafnium based oxides have shown great promise as gate dielectric materials, and are a prime candidate to replace silicon dioxide. . Two deposition processes were used for investigating hafnium oxide: A traditional reactive sputtering process using a hafnium target and oxygen along with a metal oxidation process in which hafnium metal was deposited and subsequently oxidized in a rapid thermal processor. The films and their interfacial layers were studied using transmission electron microscopy and Rutherford backscattering. Suppression of the interfacial layers was attempted by utilizing various pre-deposition cleaning processes, nitrogen incorporation, and multiple annealing conditions. Statistical analysis was performed on many film properties including: thickness and refractive index by ellipsometry, equivalent oxide thickness (EOT), relative permittivity (sr), total charge density (Nss) via capacitance-voltage analysis (C-V), oxide charge density (Qox) and interface trap charge density (DiT) from surface charge analysis, and breakdown strength


Background The authors applied an optimization model (direct search) to find the optimal combination of bupivacaine dose, fentanyl dose, clonidine dose, and infusion rate for continuous postoperative epidural analgesia. Methods One hundred ninety patients undergoing 48-h thoracic epidural analgesia after major abdominal surgery were studied. Combinations of the variables of bupivacaine dose, fentanyl dose, clonidine dose, and infusion rate were investigated to optimize the analgesic effect (monitored by verbal descriptor pain score) under restrictions dictated by the incidence and severity of side effects. Six combinations were empirically chosen and investigated. Then a stepwise optimization model was applied to determine subsequent combinations until no decrease in the pain score after three consecutive steps was obtained. Results Twenty combinations were analyzed. The optimization procedure led to a reduction in the incidence of side effects and in the mean pain scores. The three best combinations of bupivacaine dose (mg/h), fentanyl dose (&mgr;g/h), clonidine dose (&mgr;g/h), and infusion rate (ml/h) were: 9-21-5-7, 8-30-0-9, and 13-25-0-9, respectively. Conclusions Given the variables investigated, the aforementioned combinations may be the optimal ones to provide postoperative analgesia after major abdominal surgery. Using the direct search method, the enormous number of possible combinations of a therapeutic strategy can be reduced to a small number of potentially useful ones. This is accomplished using a scientific rather than an arbitrary procedure.


VEGF and angiopoietin-2 (ANG2) have complementary roles in angiogenesis and promote an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. It is anticipated that combination of VEGF and ANG2 blockade could provide superior activity to blockade of either pathway alone, and that addition of VEGF/ANG2 inhibition to an anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) antibody could change the tumor microenvironment to support T-cell-mediated tumor cytotoxicity. Here, we describe the pharmacologic and antitumor activity of BI 836880, a humanized bispecific nanobody TM comprising two single variable domains blocking VEGF and ANG2, and an additional module for half-life extension in vivo . BI 836880 demonstrated high affinity and selectivity for human VEGF-A and ANG2, resulting in inhibition of downstream signaling of VEGF/ANG2 and a decrease in endothelial cell proliferation and survival. In vivo , BI 836880 exhibited significant antitumor activity in all patient-derived xenograft models tested, showing significantly greater tumor growth inhibition (TGI) than bevacizumab (VEGF inhibition) and AMG386 (ANG1/2 inhibition) in a range of models. In a Lewis lung carcinoma syngeneic tumor model, combination of PD-1 inhibition with VEGF inhibition showed superior efficacy versus blockade of either pathway alone. TGI was further increased with addition of ANG2 inhibition to VEGF/PD-1 blockade. VEGF/ANG2 inhibition had a strong anti-angiogenic effect. Our data suggest that blockade of VEGF and ANG2 with BI 836880 may offer improved antitumor activity versus blockade of either pathway alone and that combining VEGF/ANG2 inhibition with PD-1 blockade can further enhance antitumor effects.


Spontaneous emission measurements are discussed for the Swings transitions of the C(3) radical in laser-generated graphite plasma, and the spectroscopy of the C(3) radical in carbon vapor and plasma is summarized. A review is given of some theoretical calculations and emission spectroscopic investigations are presented. Time-averaged, laser-induced optical breakdown spectra are reported from Nd:YAG laser generated graphite microplasma. In 200-300 Torr of argon and helium, and depending on the specific experimental configuration, a weak emission continuum is observed centered at 400 nm when using a laser fluence of typically 1 J/cm(2). Such continua were not detected in our previous experiments using focused laser radiation. The possibilities for the origin of this continuum are considered.


The structure of the self and its relationship with wellbeing are of interest to researchers in many areas of psychology, including social, clinical and differential. Psychologists seeking to calculate the self-concept structure indices associated with the self-complexity framework have long been faced with a computation bottleneck. The complex formulae, variable approaches and lack of availability of ready-to-use programs that allow streamlined calculation of dimensionality (Linville's H), complexity (Sakaki's SC), overlap (OL) and compartmentalisation (Shower's Phi) means that the research area has been limited in both research speed and participation. The low volume of studies and the computational disincentive for replications have led to a situation where the evidence on self-complexity and related constructs is equivocal. In this article, we discuss approaches to calculating self-concept structure, providing a practical guide for researchers who would like to implement the published formulas or use existing computational tools, made available by the authors. This tutorial will allow both efficiency and broader access for researchers seeking to examine constructs related to self-concept structure. We hope that these contributions might foster a new wave of data collection in this area, allowing for clarity on the utility and implications of dimensionality and complexity in the self-concept.


For several decades now the gun control literature in the United States has continued to produce conflicting accounts in regards to the availability of firearms on the U.S's high rate of homicide. This thesis proposes that this conflict is, in part, due to the implicit and continued influence of Wolfgang's (1958) 'weapon substitution hypothesis'. Wolfgang's hypothesis proposes that the intentions of an assailant, whether they be to kill or injure, determined the weapon selected. Since guns are recognised as being highly lethal, all assailants who use such weapons were believed by Wolfgang to have been highly determined to kill. Among other negative effects, it is argued that Wolfgang's hypothesis introduced a mind-set to this controversial research area that has continued to influence the opinions of academics from both sides of the debate. This mind-set revolves around the consensually held belief that if a firearm assailant is believed to have been determined to kill then they would have been capable of killing in the absence of firearms. Importantly, this belief implies that the best possible predictor of lethal weapon substitution is if a firearm assailant is determined to kill. This is unlikely to be true.  Mischel (1968: 135) has argued: 'A person's relevant past behaviours tend to be the best predictors of his future behaviour in similar situations.' After adapting Mischel's logic to fit the weapon substitution debate, the following predictor was produced. The best possible predictor of lethal weapon substitution to non-firearm weapons is whether people who had killed with firearms were as experienced at killing victims with non-firearm weapons as assailants who had actually killed with such weapons. This predictor was further developed into a more workable methodology that was capable of testing the validity of both Wolfgang's hypothesis and the consensually held belief it initiated. This methodology involved a comparison of the previous serious to fatal violent non-firearm convictions between those most likely to be determined firearm and knife killers. It was discovered that only 2.94 percent of those most likely to be determined firearm assailants and 25.23 percent of those most likely to be determined knife assailants had previous convictions for serious to fatal non-firearm assaults. This result was statistically significant to the p< 0.005 (Z score=2.84). After eliminating all other possible explanations for these results it was concluded that, in conflict with both Wolfgang's hypothesis and the consensually held belief, not all determined firearm assailants are likely to be capable of lethal weapon substitution. Furthermore, if some proportion of determined firearm assailants are unlikely to be capable of lethal weapon substitution, then those not so determined are likely to be even less capable. Therefore, it was concluded that inhibiting all potential firearm assailants from accessing guns would be likely to reduce the overall rate of homicide. However, this thesis was limited in being able to apply this conclusion to the United States because it was based on a New Zealand population. Nevertheless, it is argued that the perpetuation of the consensually held belief has inhibited the best possible predictor of lethal weapon substitution from being applied to a research area where prediction is of paramount importance. When the best possible predictor of lethal weapon substitution has not previously been applied, it therefore becomes more understandable why this research area is plagued by such controversy.


The present investigation aims to study temporal and spatial variation in the concentrations of PM10, CO and noise levels at the central area (322 m altitude, 21o.25 N, 39o.52 E) in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, during hajj season in 1429H (2008). Measurements of PM10, CO and noise levels were conducted using the High Volume Sampler of PM10, CO gas monitor and the Sound level Meter of model CR812B, respectively. The daily averaged measured PM10 concentrations at the central area were high and ranged between 85 – 200 μg/m3. Despite such PM10 concentrations are lower than the recorded one (250 μg/m3) by previous studies and are within the permissible limits by GERRI (340 μg/m3) [GERRI, 2006] but they were still exceeding the recommended limits of PM10 (20 μg/m3) by WHO [WHO, 2000]. However, the averaged measured concentrations of CO were less than 20 mg/m3/hr except Tunnel (1) that reached 97 mg/m3/hr. The measured LAeq at the central area sites varied between 71 – 98 dB exceeding the recommended value of 70 dB by WHO. This study also discussed the temporal variation of all these pollutants during hajj season and its expected sources in the central area and its health effects on pilgrims. The solutions were suggested to improve the air quality. Most important suggestion is adopting a new public transportation system at this central area in Makkah such as monorail, trams or train networks that would extremely reduce air pollutant concentrations and noise levels. A comprehensive programme is also required for the safety environmental management.


After the 'March 15 incident' on Japanese Communist Party members in 1928, many activists converted in prison, and "conversion period" (tenkō jidai) appeared. The converted people (tenkōsha) then wrote notes in which they described the ideological and spiritual changes that occurred during their imprisonment. The change was prompted by the teachings of Buddhism, mainly Jōdo Shinshū, and the presence of chaplains (kyōkaishi) who mediated the teachings. The tenkōsha abandoned their faith in Marxism, returned to Japanese traditional familism, became devoted to the Emperor of Japan, and some started to practice agricultural fundamentalism. In this article, I will focus on a person named Kobayashi Morito (1902 -1984), who wrote about his own experience of conversion in Until He Left the Communist Party (1932) and also edited the notes of other conversion people and published them as Notes of a Converter (1933) and Thought and Life of the Converted(1935), and will analyze the stories of conversion experiences of various tenkōsha, reexamining how they accepted conversion, and at the same time focus on the contradictions and conflicts that occurred there.


Abstract Between the Great Elect and Westminster – Some Reflections on Aung San Suu Ky's Concept of Democracy. In view of the elections in Myanmar held on November 8, 2015, the article investigates the concept of democracy set forth by the country's best known politician, Nobel Laureate Aung San Suu Kyi. She invokes two traditions of "democracy" that contradict each other in terms of the role of the opposition. The Buddhist concept of the Maha-sammata, the Great Select, that the Burmese leader invokes as a Burmese model of democracy is elected unanimously and for life. The relevance of this model for Burma's and Myanmar's political culture is substantiated by empirical evidence like the outcome of elections since the beginning of the twentieth century until the recent elections held in 2015. On the other hand, the leader of Myanmar's most successful party looks at a Westminster style democracy based on the idea that a loyal opposition controls the government as a model for the country's future political development. Even after the free and fair elections in 2015, it will be one of the most important tasks of Myanmar politics to solve this "opposition dilemma".


The radial dynamics of a spherical bubble in a compressible liquid is studied by means of a rigorous singular-perturbation method to second order in the bubble-wall Mach number. The results of Part 1 (Prosperetti & Lezzi, 1986) are recovered at orders zero and one. At second order the ordinary inner and outer structure of the solution proves inadequate to correctly describe the fields and it is necessary to introduce an intermediate region the characteristic length of which is the geometric mean of the inner and outer lengthscales. The degree of indeterminacy for the radial equation of motion found at first order is significantly increased by going to second order. As in Part 1 we examine several of the possible forms of this equation by comparison with results obtained from the numerical integration of the complete partial-differential-equation formulation. Expressions and results for the pressure and velocity fields in the liquid are also reported.


SUMMARY Objectives Acute appendicitis (AA) is the most common indication for emergency abdominal surgery, although it remains difficult to diagnose. In this study, we investigated the the clinical utility of mean platelet volume in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Methods The medical records of 241 patients who had undergone appendectomy between June 2013 and March 2014 were investigated retrospectively. Sixty patients who had undergone at least one complete blood count during preoperative hospital admission and who had no other active inflammatory conditions at the time the sample was taken were included in the study. Mean platelet volume and leukocyte count values were determined in each patient at hospital admission and during active acute appendicitis. Age, sex, mean platelet volume and leukocyte counts were recorded for each patient. Results The mean age of patients was 33.15±10.94 years and the male to female ratio was 1.5:1. The mean leukocyte count prior to acute appendicitis was 7.42±2.12×103/mm3. Mean leukocyte count was significantly higher (13.14±2.99×103/mm3) in acute appendicitis. The optimal leukocyte count cutoff point for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis was 10.10×103/mm3, with sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 75%. The mean platelet volume prior to acute appendicitis was 7.58±1.11 fL. Mean platelet volume was significantly lower (7.03±0.8 fL) in acute appendicitis. The optimal mean platelet volume cutoff point for the diagnosis of AA was 6.10 fL, with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 42%. Area under the curve for leukocyte count diagnosis was 0.67 and 0.69 for the diagnosis of AA by mean platelet volume. Conclusions Mean platelet volume was significantly decreased in acute appendicitis. Mean platelet volume can be used as a supportive diagnostic parameter in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.


Background and Aim: Osteoporosis and the fractures associated with are a major public health concern, because of related morbidity and disability, diminished quality of life, and mortality. Evidence suggests that to adopt changes on some life styles can prevent or delay development of osteoporosis. Most important modifiable risk factors of osteoporosis are receiving inadequate calcium intake and not doing weight-bearing exercises such as walking. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an educational program based on health belief model on preventive factors of osteoporosis among postmenopausal women. Material and Method : This study was a quasi-experimental research with two groups, experimental (n=43) and control (n=41) selected from 4 mosques situated in ray city. The subjects in experimental group participated in a 6-week educational program (each session 60-90 minutes) based on health belief model. Data collection tools included demographic information form, knowledge questionnaire, health belief scale and food frequency questionnaire which were completed by the subjects of two groups before and after intervention. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests. Results : Before intervention, there was no statistically significant difference between two groups regarding demographic characteristics, knowledge, health belief constructs, calcium intake and walking. After intervention, t-test showed a statistically significant difference between two groups in perceived susceptibility and severity (P<0.0001), barriers of calcium intake (P<0.0001), and barriers of exercise (P<0.0001). Perceived benefits of calcium intake and exercise were not significantly different between groups after intervention (P=0.06). Dietary Calcium intake increased to 906.55 (cid:2) 282.45 mg/day in experimental group, but there was not statistically significant difference between two groups (P=0.40). Changes in frequency of weekly walking was statistically significant (p=0.005) between groups, but the total time of walking wasn't statistically significant between them (P=0.07). Conclusion : Educational program based on health belief model was effective in increasing health belief constructs and walking frequency but not in dietary calcium intake.


Carcinoma of the prostate is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the third leading cause of mortality in New Zealand men, making it a significant health issue in this country. Global distribution patterns suggest that diet and lifestyle factors may be linked to the development and progression of this cancer. Twenty men with diagnosed prostate cancer adhered to a Mediterranean diet, with specific adaptations, for three months. Prostate-specific antigen, C-reactive protein and DNA damage were evaluated at baseline and after three months of following the diet. Dietary data were collated from diet diaries and an adaptation of a validated Mediterranean diet questionnaire. A significant reduction in DNA damage compared to baseline was apparent, with particular benefit noted for overall adherence to the diet (p = 0.013), increased intake of folate (p = 0.023), vitamin C (p = 0.007), legumes (p = 0.004) and green tea (p = 0.002). Higher intakes of red meat and dairy products were inversely associated with DNA damage (p = 0.003 and p = 0.008 respectively). The results from this small feasibility study suggest that a high-antioxidant diet, modelled on Mediterranean traditions, may be of benefit for men with prostate cancer. Protection against DNA damage appears to be associated with the diet implemented, ostensibly due to reduction in reactive oxidant species. These findings warrant further exploration in a longer trial, with a larger cohort.


In 2011, the Football Association (FA), the national governing body of football in England, launched the first semi-professional league for women. The inception of the FA Women's Super League (FA WSL), created the opportunity for football as work for its elite women footballers, in an occupational field tied historically to a highly masculinist and thus, gender exclusive culture. In 2018, the FA WSL adopted full- time professional status. The professionalisation of women's football in England, has provided both the opportunity to offer insight into football as work for women, and examine the workplace and employment policies available to professional women footballers. Ambiguity exists between the growing professionalisation of women's football and the precarious work conditions in which players operate. The low visibility and status afforded to women's football, means that research on women working as professional footballers remains particularly limited. Ergo, the outcomes and consequences of professionalisation in England are largely unknown.
This research examines the experiences of women working as professional footballers in England. Drawing upon the theoretical apparatus of Pierre Bourdieu, the research investigates how professional women footballers learn the values and dispositions (habitus) of the intrinsically male dominated football field and incorporate this into their practice. A qualitative approach was undertaken which involved conducting 30 semi-structured interviews with professional women footballers. This study employs a qualitative interpretative framework that allows for

an in-depth understanding of football as work for women in England, acknowledging participants' realities and perspectives. Key themes examined here include, demographic information, operating with dual career/education, life in Women's Super League, contracts, policy, life and identity as a player and post-career considerations.
The key findings of this research demonstrate women are unprepared for their new, highly gendered careers as professional women footballers. The prospect of a professional football career means women embody professional expectations of clubs and the FA. The roles, remits and expectations placed on players are increasingly complex and dynamic, placing obligations on players personal/private lives. Women are mixed into an existing system of professional football, with limited policy consideration for their needs as women professional footballers. A key contribution of this research is the neglect of essential employment and workplace policy such as education, maternity leave and post-career options. This neglect reflects the disempowered position of professional women footballers, who are devoted to making it as a professional footballer. The contribution of this research identifies implications for those players highly invested in their career as a professional footballer, once their short careers reach a conclusion.


Background: Genotoxicity due to the effect of anti-cancer drugs on the healthy cells in cancerous patients is one of the problems of chemotherapy. Mitoxantrone is a chemotherapy anti-cancer drug, which can have side effects on the healthy cells like secondary cancers. On the other side, Melatonin is a hormone that is responsible for the daily rhythm adjustment and has several properties to be anti-cancer and anti-inflammation, and therefore it has a genoprotective effect against the genotoxicity. Recently, it has been shown that all living cells produce ultraweak photon emission (UPE) spontaneously and continuously. The intensity of UPE is in the order of a few, up to 104 photon/(cm2 sec) (or 10−19 to 10−14 W/cm2) measurable by photodetectors. UPEs are produced from diverse natural oxidative and biochemical reactions, especially free radical reactions and the simple cessation of excited molecules. Also, it has been evidenced that UPE has a signaling role at a distance among different cell cultures. Objective: Here, we investigate the effect of UPE among similar cells (i.e. "Autooptic effect") by using mirrors around the cell plate(s). Here, we have used HepG2 as sample cancer cells. Methods: In this study, the HepG2 cells were co-treated by melatonin as a genoprotective and silver nanoparticles as a carrier against mitoxantrone's genotoxicity. Our results are analyzed based on the Comet assay method, and the genoprotective effect of melatonin is investigated in presence of (and without) mirrors against the genotoxicity of mitoxantrone. Additionally, the autooptic effect is investigated in presence of Ag nanoparticles (NPs). Results: The obtained results indicate that Ag NPs with lower concentrations of melatonin made more protection as genoprotective agent, and the same results obtained by increasing access' cells to drug. Conclusion: The autooptic effect could increase the genoprotective effect of melatonin.


National economic conditions regularly influence outcomes in U.S. presidential elections. However, beyond this simple finding, much remains unclear. How large are national economic effects? Which macroeconomic indicators? Subjective or objective measures? Retrospective or prospective? What is the role of institutions? In our analysis of the American National Election Studies, 1956-1996, we employ a National Business Index (NBI), an aggregate measure that amalgamates individual voter perceptions of the collective economy. It outperforms other national economic measures and reveals that effects have been underestimated. The assumption of strong retrospective economic voting is tested under different institutional hypotheses. Contrary to expectations, it is not found to be influenced by divided government, but it is heavily influenced by incumbency, meaning in practice whether a popularly elected president is running. Moreover, this incumbency variable highly conditions the time horizon of national economic voting. When a popularly elected president is not running, such voting is almost entirely prospective. These conditional effects go a long way toward explaining certain enduring controversies in the literature.


ABSTRACT Facies relationships in abandoned Holocene Mississippi Delta complexes are characteristic of both retrogradational transgressive systems tracts (TST) and progradational highstand systems tracts (HST). In the Barataria interlobe basin, delta-plain facies of the early Holocene Maringouin/Teche delta complex (TST), which accumulated from 7500 to 6000 yr BP, are overlain by a lagoonal facies 1-2 m thick (MFS) that accumulated during the maximum flooding event from 6000 to 3500 yr BP. Wave reworking transformed the distributary sands of retrogradational delta complexes into stratigraphically backstepping shoreline sand bodies. The most landward of these shorelines, the Teche shoreline, overlies the MFS and is, by definition, the shoreline of maximum transgression (SMT) (Penland et al. 1987 , 1987b; Kosters 1989). Relatively thick peats of high organic content, dating from 2400 to 1100 yr BP, are located immediately landward of this shoreline. Younger delta lobes, rapidly prograding since 1100 yr BP, have shifted the coastline seaward of the Teche shoreline, and form the first progradational HST parasequence. Thin, organic-poor salt marsh sediments are accumulating within this parasequence landward of the present shoreline. Rising relative sea level provides increased accommodation space while fresh water may be held within the delta plain, creating conditions of both groundwater and nutrients favorable to accumulation of high-quality organic facies of this type. In a subsequent progradational setting, stable relative sea level results in less accommodation space landward of the shoreline, while fresh water and nutrients are discharged into the Gulf of Mexico, forcing formation of brackish and salt marsh environments, unfavorable to accumulation of high-quality organic facies. These hypotheses may help explain the variability of some littoral high-quality coals vs. carbonaceous shales in the rock record.


What makes some physicians perform better than others? This paper examines two different channels through which primary care doctors' patient management styles can affect health outcomes: by prescribing the appropriate clinical therapy and by inspiring better patient health management, as reflected in the patient's adherence to that therapy. Using data on the population of statin-users in Denmark that matches patients to primary care physicians, we show that the impact of a physician's clinical quality on patient health outcomes is largely explained by the composition of patients in the physician's practice. In contrast, the physician's skill in facilitating adherence to prescription drugs maintains large and positive effects on patient outcomes even after controlling for patient composition. We also show that the health effects of adherence to commonly prescribed anti-cholesterol drugs are large and significant.


Virtual Reality can be used to embody people in different types of body—so that when they look towards themselves or in a mirror they will see a life-sized virtual body instead of their own, and that moves with their own movements. This will typically give rise to the illusion of body ownership over the virtual body. Previous research has focused on embodiment in humanoid bodies, albeit with various distortions such as an extra limb or asymmetry, or with a body of a different race or gender. Here we show that body ownership also occurs over a virtual body that looks like a cartoon rabbit, at the same level as embodiment as a human. Furthermore, we explore the impact of embodiment on performance as a public speaker in front of a small audience. Forty five participants were recruited who had public speaking anxiety. They were randomly partitioned into three groups of 15, embodied as a Human, as the Cartoon rabbit, or from third person perspective (3PP) with respect to the rabbit. In each condition they gave two talks to a small audience of the same type as their virtual body. Several days later, as a test condition, they returned to give a talk to an audience of human characters embodied as a human. Overall, anxiety reduced the most in the Human condition, the least in the Cartoon condition, and there was no change in the 3PP condition, taking into account existing levels of trait anxiety. We show that embodiment in a cartoon character leads to high levels of body ownership from the first person perspective and synchronous real and virtual body movements. We also show that the embodiment influences outcomes on the public speaking task.


The Constitutional Court in some award restored the right to vote (right to vote) and the right to choose (right to be candidate) for citizens. Some verdict related to the recovery of the political rights, namely the ruling Number 011-017/PUU-I/2003 on Return Political Rights For former members of the Illegal organization of the Communist Party of Indonesia and Other Illicit Organization and decision Number 102/PUU-VII/2009 on the use of ID card or passport in the elections. The ruling of the Constitutional Court have a legal binding force since spoken in plenary session. The nature of the ruling of the Constitutional Court are final and binding, it means there is no other remedy that can be reached by the parties and also the ruling of the Constitutional Court is not only binding on the parties but also binds all citizens of Indonesia (erga omnes). The ruling of the Constitutional Court was to be acted upon by the ruling of the Constitutional Court, addressad in this case is the President and DPR through a revision of the provisions that have been


Aim  Across all latitudes, high-elevation tree lines represent a drastic change in the dominant plant life-form, from upright trees to low-stature alpine plants. Although associated with low temperatures, the physiological mechanisms controlling this boundary are still not clear. The growth-limitation hypothesis assumes a direct low-temperature restriction of tissue formation at otherwise sufficient photoassimilation. In order to test this hypothesis, we present a global synthesis of previously published and new data on tree carbon supply status at high-elevation tree lines.

Location  Global; 13 regions between 68° N and 45° S.

Methods  Late-season concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in foliage and branch wood were measured at three elevations across the tree line ecotones, from upper tall forests (timber line) to the edges of aborescent tree growth (tree line). Year-round records of −10 cm soil temperatures were taken at the tree line.

Results  Despite large differences in elevation and season length, the mean growing season temperature at the tree line was similar (approximately 6.6 °C) between all sites. NSC concentrations were not depleted at any of the elevation gradients between timber line and tree line, indicating no shortage of C at the uppermost tree stands. Tested across all sites, NSC concentrations in fact significantly increased with elevation. On average, NSC increased by 18% in leaves and 26% in branch wood from the lowest to the highest stands, primarily due to higher starch concentrations rather than free sugars. Hence, these responses do not reflect osmotic adjustments to lower temperatures at the end of the growing season.

Main conclusions  This global data set contributes to a mechanistic understanding of tree line formation based on biological principles across climatic zones and tree genera. No evidence of C shortage was found at the high-elevation tree line in either seasonal and non-seasonal regions. The increasing trend of NSC concentrations with elevation is in line with the growth-limitation hypothesis.


ABSTRACT Loss of agricultural land due to urban sprawl has negative impacts on community lifestyles and green landscapes in peri-urban areas. However, researchers rarely investigate the complex decisions made by landowners and land managers about changes in farmland at the fringes of cities. A postal questionnaire was sent to 1,600 farmland owners and managers on the fringes of Adelaide, South Australia, to elicit information on internal and external factors driving their land-use decisions. Descriptive statistics were developed for farmers' demographics, farming life, industry and motivations in managing land while investigating 28 primary factors representing the socio-economic, environmental and institutional land governance influences on land-use decisions. Results demonstrate the advantage of deriving latent factors to identify these land-use transformations, as they identify a different set of factors with higher importance than the farmers' recommendations alone. These findings can improve the knowledge of farmers' land-use decision-making behaviour to model complex land-use transitions on city fringes.


This paper describes the calculation analysis of joint open, and the research has been carried up on Portland cement concrete pavement and rubberized concrete pavement with the consideration of hogging distortion caused by temperature, expansion deformation and drying shrinkage. Finally ,it were observed that joint open of 6m contraction joint spacing for rubberized concrete pavement is the same as 4.5m contraction joint spacing for Portland cement concrete pavement. The above analysis provides the possibility of 6-meter contraction joint spacing for rubberized concrete pavement which give theoretical basis for engineering application.


Graphical Abstract Leila is an 86-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure. She lives alone, and, as a result of a recent heart attack, her family doctor and cardiologist want to see her more frequently. She has some moderate arthritis involving her knees and hips and poor vision, but she is committed to maintaining her independence. Leila represents a typical older patient in many countries. How to care for an ageing population, which is anticipated to double worldwide by 2050, is a question facing individuals, families, health-care systems, and nations. Older patients with multimorbidity, age-associated limitations in mobility, vision, memory, and hearing, plus, all too frequently, social isolation, loneliness, and depression have complex health needs. There are additional difficulties for older people who live on fixed, limited incomes and in low-resource areas. The challenges Leila faces highlight the global need for user-friendly alternatives to hospital


AIM
To evaluate differences in microparticle profiles in vitreous samples between diabetic and non-diabetic eyes undergoing vitrectomy.

METHODS
Un-masked cross-sectional series of 34 eyes undergoing vitrectomy. Vitreous specimens were collected and processed to evaluate for membrane integrity (DAPI), apoptosis (Annexin-V), and endothelial-cell origin (V-Cadherin). A BD LSR II flow cytometer was used for analysis and standardized sub-micron-sized beads were used for size comparison.

RESULTS
Thirty-four specimens underwent analysis. Greater levels of Annexin-V were found on microparticles from specimens in which blood had entered the vitreous (n=12) compared to those without blood (n=22; 52.3%±30.7% vs 19.6%±27.2%, P=0.002). Patients with diabetes having surgery with hemorrhage (n=7) had greater expression of Annexin-V than those without hemorrhage (n=8; 62.1%±31.7% vs 18.9%±20.9%, P=0.009). However, in patients with non-diabetic vitreous hemorrhage, the level of Annexin-V expression was not significantly different compared to other disease processes (38.6%±25.7%, n=5 vs 20.0%±30.9%, n=14, P=0.087).

CONCLUSION
Increased expression of the apoptotic marker, Annexin-V is detected on vitreous microparticles in diabetes-related vitreous hemorrhage. When evaluating vitreous hemorrhage in patients without diabetes, the apoptotic signal is not significantly different. Vitrectomy in patients with diabetes, and improvement in visual outcomes, may be related to the removal of a serum-derived, pro-apoptotic vitreous. Further investigation is warranted in order to identify the molecular characteristics of microparticles that regulate disease.


This paper incorporates world-systems perspectives into an analysis of global environmental politics, thus adjoining a political economic analysis of scale with studies of global environmental policy. It is the ability of some social groups and institutions to jump scale that determines how global environmental policies are shaped. The United States' carbon-intensive economy is seen to face larger short-term costs from global environmental agreements than many other countries in the core of the world-system, but what remains unexplored in the environmental politics literature is the question of why the United States sees its long-term economic condition hindered by these agreements. This analysis points to the ways industry actors intervene at multiple scales of global environmental negotiations to affect national policy positions as well as larger discourses about science and risk. The article reviews the methyl bromide controversy in the Montreal Protocol to explain why this agreement has recently failed to live up to expectations in removing ozone-depleting substances. The United States is particularly responsible for this impediment: rather than innovate in response to new information and changing international contexts, industry actors have drawn upon US hegemony to enforce their dominant market positions. As the parties to the Montreal Protocol remain polarized over questions of methyl bromide use, this analysis calls for attention to the ways capital, states, and other social institutions are embedded in international environmental agreements and how they use such arrangements to obstruct successful multilateral agreements. I conclude by suggesting that environmental and other social movements might strategize in two ways: 1) by helping support an emergent 'green hegemony' (most apparent in Chinese policy) as a counterhegemonic alternative, and 2) by developing strategies that account for the ways industry interests overlap with declining US hegemony in a shifting world-system.


The tropical forests cover 24% of tropical land area. They are the most productive terrestrial ecosystems
on earth with high priorities for biodiversity conservation. These forests store a substantial amount of carbon in
biomass and soil, and they also regulate the transfer of carbon into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide (CO2).
Indonesia is having the third tropical forest area in the world after Brazil and Congo. Over 50 years forest has been
felled both legally as well as illegally. High rate of forest degradation resulted from unsustainable forest
management, rampant illegal logging, forest area encroachment, conversion and natural disaster. All urges rapid
improvement of management system of Indonesia's forest resources (Holmes, 2002). Forest certification is one tool
that can support the achievement of sustainable forest management goal. Under current operation of join
certification protocol between the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and the Indonesian Ecolabelling Institute (LEI)
in Indonesia, forest management units must be able to show the required performance indicated in LEI criteria and
indicator as well as FSC principles and criteria to attain certification of their products. The gap between current
practices and performance required by forest certifications schemes is still enormous. The performance of forest
certification system from LEI is determined very much by the human that is involved in the process of planning and
operation. The name of certification system is chain of custody (CoC) certification. CoC operation involves
activities such as tracing raw material from the forest to the factory, through shipping and manufacturing, to the
final end product. In all of the above processes, the roles of human are critical, although the specific roles played
from one process to another are different. In this paper we present an identification of human aspect and other
factors that predominantly affect CoC system performance.


The paper proposes an approach to monitor the response time of transaction-based Internet applications and protocols that uses a passive network traffic monitoring technique and stores the resulting statistics in a management information base compatible with the SNMP architecture. The work is within the scope of the Trace platform, which provides support for high-layer protocols, services and networked applications management. The implementation of the proposed approach comprises the extension of the monitoring agent, a key component of the platform, so that it stores information related to response time and generates performance-related reports.


With the incidence of technology at each and every juncture of human life, there has been an accelerated growth in computational needs to satisfy the technological cravings. Computer networks have evolutionarily emerged and have evolved as life blood of today's global communication challenges. To fulfil the dynamic needs of present day networks, distributed and parallel computing applications are gaining momentum rapidly. Distributed networks have apparently become a better choice favouring the processing of large scale intensive applications which was previously unimaginable. However, it is evident that the load on a network is always relative to the volume of the application being processed. Eventually if the load on the network is not fairly distributed among all the available processing elements, it might result in improper resource usage and degraded network performance. Efficient load balancing approaches are essential to achieve proportional distribution of load among the network nodes to preserve the overall system integrity. Therefore, the process of identifying an efficient method to achieve proportional distribution of load is of paramount importance. To achieve an affective balance in load, this thesis investigates into an already existing Ant Colony based prototype called Messor and establishes a new approach based on dynamic load table concept augmented with ant search using Artificial Neural Networks. The proposed approach is simulated on a software based model network and the results are presented. The performance of the approach is evaluated based on certain performance criteria.


Borobudur as one of the international tourist's destination in Indonesia which having compromised their sense of identity before, tourists have their own set of images about tourism destinations. In that destination tourists usually create some tourism activities which needed space to facilitate. Many times such condition caused many problems that lead conflict among the local people. People tried to provide some supporting tourist facilities in order to fulfil the needs of tourist's activities. People will further utilize some spaces of their village to build tourist facilities. Rich people usually dominated this kind of business. This becomes the fact that many of the fears surrounding tourism are closely associated with a wide range of social problems, especially in terms of determining tourism spatial. Each people tried to collect dollar from tourist as much as possible to provide tourism spatial by ignoring "guyub" and "gotong royong" as traditional principle of their live. This may create disharmony among the society and some people will not get the benefit from tourism activities. Therefore, to learn more detail about the role of "guyub and gotong royong" as social cohesion among people in Borobudur, there is a need to do this research in order to give some recommended strategy to solve thr problem regarding social cohesion and tourism spatial. By using descriptive method, researcher would like to present a case study about that matter in one of tourism village in Borobudur. The output of this research is to give an overview how tourism activities give significant influence towards the power of social cohesion in reducing the appeared conflict. The developed strategy will be used to tighten the relationship among the people, through re-empowering the traditional social cohesion so called "guyub" and "gotong-royong". By doing so, it is expected that integrity and cohesiveness in a social structure could always be maintained


Inhaled anesthetics are believed to produce anesthesia by their actions on ion channels. Because inhaled anesthetics robustly enhance GABA A receptor (GABAA-R) responses to GABA, these receptors are considered prime targets of anesthetic action. However, the importance of GABAA-Rs and individual GABAA-R subunits to specific anesthetic-induced behavioral effects in the intact animal is unknown. We hypothesized that inhaled anesthetics produce amnesia, as assessed by loss of fear conditioning, by acting on the forebrain GABAA-Rs that harbor the α1 subunit. To test this, we used global knockout mice that completely lack the α1 subunit and forebrain-specific, conditional knockout mice that lack the α1 subunit only in the hippocampus, cortex, and amygdala. Both knockout mice were 75 to 145% less sensitive to the amnestic effects of the inhaled anesthetic isoflurane. These results indicate that α1-containing GABAA-Rs in the hippocampus, amygdala, and/or cortex influence the amnestic effects of inhaled anesthetics and may be an important molecular target of the drug isoflurane.


Three 59Fe-labeled nonheme components of the cytosol were identified when rabbit reticuloyctes were incubated with 59Fe-labeled plasma under conditions in which the iron supply was not limiting. Two of these components were identified as ferritin and transferrin. The latter was characterized by gel filtration as having apparent molecular weight higher than transferrin, indicating that the transferrin may be complexed to another moiety. The third component, referred to as iron-binding protein-I (IBP-I), is as yet uncharacterized. When the reticulocytes were incubated with unlabeled plasma after pulse-labeling with 59Fe-labeled plasma, 59Fe radioactivity in these cytosol components decreased; after 15 min of chase, the 59Fe in ferritin, transferrin, and IBP-I fell to 64.6%, 26.5%, and 65.8% of the initial values, respectively. A good correlation existed between the decrease of 59Fe in these three nonheme compartments and the associated increase in 59Fe-heme. The data presented suggest that cytosol ferritin, transferrin, and IBP-I are intermediates in the transport of 59Fe from the plasma membrane to the mitochondria.


This paper touches on the influx of technology in language learning and teaching with a focus on the post-method era. Scrutinizing this phenomenon within the framework of Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) shows how technology has stimulated a transformation of language pedagogy from the traditional teachercentered and text-bound classrooms to student-centered and interactive paradigms. While the former paradigm is based on methodology, the latter is guided by principled eclecticism in which teachers make use of a set of macro-strategies so as to make decisions while teaching, instead of reliance on methods that dictate 'how to teach'. The teaching principles capitalize on teachers' sensitivity to local contexts rather than general methods. Though CALL has been mooted as panacea for ELT flaws in the method and post-method eras, it is not a one-size-fits-all model. Due to changeable and diversified technological innovations, it is impractical to adopt an electronic device or application for all contexts. Accordingly, the post-method pedagogy puts the onus on language teachers to make informed choices that best fit the particularity of their teaching situations.


Abstract. We present a theoretical study investigating the cloud activation of multicomponent organic particles. We modeled these complex mixtures using solubility distributions (analogous to volatility distributions in the VBS, i.e., volatility basis set, approach), describing the mixture as a set of surrogate compounds with varying water solubilities in a given range. We conducted Kohler theory calculations for 144 different mixtures with varying solubility range, number of components, assumption about the organic mixture thermodynamics and the shape of the solubility distribution, yielding approximately 6000 unique cloud condensation nucleus (CCN)-activation points. The results from these comprehensive calculations were compared to three simplifying assumptions about organic aerosol solubility: (1) complete dissolution at the point of activation; (2) combining the aerosol solubility with the molar mass and density into a single effective hygroscopicity parameter κ; and (3) assuming a fixed water-soluble fraction veff. The complete dissolution was able to reproduce the activation points with a reasonable accuracy only when the majority (70–80%) of the material was dissolved at the point of activation. The single-parameter representations of complex mixture solubility were confirmed to be powerful semi-empirical tools for representing the CCN activation of organic aerosol, predicting the activation diameter within 10% in most of the studied supersaturations. Depending mostly on the condensed-phase interactions between the organic molecules, material with solubilities larger than about 0.1–100 g L−1 could be treated as soluble in the CCN activation process over atmospherically relevant particle dry diameters and supersaturations. Our results indicate that understanding the details of the solubility distribution in the range of 0.1–100 g L−1 is thus critical for capturing the CCN activation, while resolution outside this solubility range will probably not add much information except in some special cases. The connections of these results to the previous observations of the CCN activation and the molecular properties of complex organic mixture aerosols are discussed. The presented results help unravel the mechanistic reasons behind observations of hygroscopic growth and CCN activation of atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles. The proposed solubility distribution framework is a promising tool for modeling the interlinkages between atmospheric aging, volatility and water uptake of atmospheric organic aerosol.


Abstract. The detection of orthoimage mosaicking seamlines by means of wavelet transform was examined. Radiometric alignment was omitted, giving priority to the issue of seamlines which bypass locations where there is a parallax between orthoimages. The importance of this issue is particularly relevant for images with very high resolution. In order to create a barrier image between orthoimages, the redundant wavelet transform variant known as MODWT-MRA was used. While more computationally complex than the frequently used DWT, it enables very good multiresolution edge detection. An IT prototype was developed on the basis of the described concept, and several cases of seamline detection were tested on the basis of data with a resolution of 10 cm to 1 m. The correct seamline location was obtained for each test case. This result opens the door to future expansion of the radiometric alignment method, which is also based on wavelets.


Writing poetry is inseparable from the field of meaning contained in each word used by the author. Among the many types of meaning fields, 'being' is one of most often used by Hamzah Fansuri, a poet who is famous for his work in the Sufi field, where he often uses a mixture of Arabic and Indonesian. This study aims to describe the field of meaning of being in Master of the Words by Hamzah Fansuri. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The results showed that the field of meaning in the category of being was a semantic category related to abstract human concepts or experiences. The distinctive feature of this category is the prediction exists, although it cannot be lived directly by the human senses. In the words of the Fakir Empower, VHamzah Fansuri uses a lot of words that are included in the category of being, where the words are related to abstract human concepts or experiences. As the word faqir,machbub, zahir, da'im, and so forth.
Keywords: being, semantic domain, Hamzah Fansuri, poem.