Ways of Seeing China: From Yellow Peril to Shangrila, by Timothy Kendall. Fremantle: Curtin University Press/Fremantle Arts Centre Press, 2005. 254 pp. AS29.95 (paperback). This book grows out of the author's PhD thesis undertaken at La Trobe University. Trained in the fields of literary, postcolonial, Australian and Chinese studies, Timothy Kendall examines the ways in which Australians have perceived and understood China since World War II. He draws on a range of literary works, as well as travelogues and accounts of captivity, and locates them within the now-familiar framework of Orientalism, to show how Australian perceptions of China have been shaped by Western biases and prejudices as well as by misinformation and, at times, sheer ignorance. The book is arranged thematically as well as chronologically. Kendall begins by developing the theme of invasion anxiety, or the Yellow Peril syndrome, on the part of Australians who felt insecure as an outpost of Europe on the edge of Asia. He makes the point that the invasion anxiety was appropriated by the Menzies government as well as by the Democratic Labor Party and others to combat Communism. He highlights John Hay's fiction The Invasion (1968), which reworks the theme of a White Australia under threat from an allegedly aggressive China, despite some less emotive and less politically biased alternative voices that parodied the stereotypes. Kendall then devotes a chapter to the captivity narratives in which the prisoners tell about their mistreatments at the hands of Oriental despots. The fantasy of Oriental despotism is used in fiction as an ideological weapon to fight Chinese Communism. In non-fiction, too, the captives claim to have been tortured and brainwashed, as in the narrative of the Australian journalist Francis James, who was detained by the Chinese authorities in late 1969 at the Hong _ Kong-Shenzhen border and not released until January 1973. James speaks of his unlawful detention and alleged tortures, his resistance to Oriental despotism, his failed escape attempts, and his battle with his interrogators, to emphasize the lawlessness of the Chinese regime. Yet he professes his "love" for the Chinese, wanting to build a bridge of understanding between China and the rest of the world. Australians of different descriptions traveled to Mao's China before and after the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries. Their travelogues vary in their perceptions of China and its people. Kendall argues that, for these authors, "China existed as some form of personal fantasy" (p. 123): as a site of exploration, as a mystery, as a spectacle, as enlightenment, as discovery, and as redemption, reinvention or desire. None are based on empirical research. While still on the Cold War period, Kendall analyzes the "either with us or against us" dichotomy, describing Menzies' ideology of the containment of China (following the United States), the role of the Australian security Intelligence Organization (ASIO) in tracking dissent in the Australian community, and the fate of the Communist Party of Australia (CPA). Some CPA. cadres slipped through the surveillance net and visited China. Non-Communist travelers were, however, no cause of concern to the Australian government. …


We address the problem of detecting slow moving targets from a moving radar system using space-time adaptive processing (STAP) techniques. Optimum interference rejection is known to require the estimation and the subsequent inversion of an interference-plus-noise covariance matrix. To reduce the number of training samples involved in the estimation and the computational cost inherent to the inversion, many suboptimum STAP techniques have been proposed. Earlier attempts at unifying these techniques had a limited scope. In this paper, we propose a new canonical framework that unifies all of the STAP methods we are aware of. This framework can also be generalized to include the estimation of the covariance matrix and the compensation of the range dependence; it applies to monostatic and bistatic configurations. We also propose a new decomposition of the CSNR performance metric that can be used to understand the performance degradation specifically due to the use of a suboptimum method.


As we continue producing data, the need to extract useful information from it has become essential. The implications of pursuing successful data analysis are before our eyes. We use it, although often unconsciously, when we compare products or check the availability of rooms for our next vacation. Data analysis is even more important for successful business, as it provides the foundation for solid decision making. Information visualization and visual analytics (VA) are two prolific branches of data analysis exploiting external means—namely, visualizations—to support the execution of analytical tasks. However, despite the vast adoption of such techniques, the issue with visual data analysis is that gaining insights is often quite a challenging process. Issues may arise at any phase of the analysis: Typical challenges include preparing data for the analysis or choosing appropriate analytical models and visual means for a given task. Users may encounter difficulties when exploring data and interpreting findings in light of domain knowledge, when organizing findings consistently into insights, when proving working hypotheses, and when generating new knowledge. The consequence is that, when issues arise, users are typically overwhelmed, the analysis stalls, and the efficacy of VA approaches is reduced; in addition, the quality of the resulting results is impaired. For these reasons, it is important to support users with guidance. The aim of guidance is to foster an effective use of analysis tools and help users overcome any possible issue that might occur during the analysis. Historically, supporting users has been one of the very main goals of visual data analysis. However, how to reach this goal has never been researched in a systematic way. In this thesis, building on previous research and utilizing a user-centered methodology, we describe a thorough characterization of guidance approaches. Particular emphasis is given to guidance in VA. The main contributions of this thesis are: (1) we characterize guidance and summarize the main aspects of the process of guiding, also illustrating what constitutes guidance in the first place; (2) we report the effects of providing different types of guidance to users performing analytical tasks with different levels of expertise, shedding light on how guidance influences the way the analysis is conducted and how users react to it; and (3) we outline how guidance can be integrated with a step-by-step procedure in VA approaches—that is, directly at the point of designing VA tools. Although many open challenges still lie ahead, the results described in this thesis represent an initial demonstration of the value of guidance in VA and its positive effects on users while preparing a solid foundation for the development of inspiring guidance-enriched VA prototypes.


Neopterin excretion in urine of patients with AIDS was measured by high pressure liquid chromatography. Urinary neopterin levels in patients with generalized lymphadenopathy, which is considered to be part of the spectrum of AIDS, as well as in severe AIDS cases were significantly elevated, compared to normal controls. This finding may prove useful as a screening test for donors of blood products in order to prevent transmission of AIDS by this route.


We report on hollow Co3O4 cubes synthesized via a self-sacrificing template method and their application as an anode material for reversible electrochemical lithium storage. The hollow Co3O4 cube with a porous hierarchical structure increases the contact surface, shortens the diffusion path of ion/electron, and improves its structure stability and collaborative electronic transmission. Due to their ultrathin subunits and hollow interior, the electrodes exhibit excellent electrochemical performance. Impressively, a high discharge specific capacity of 1600 mA h g−1 is obtained at 400 mA g−1 after 100 cycles. And a reversible specific capacity of 1032 mA h g−1 could still be maintained even at 1000 mA g−1 after 150 cycles. This implies the remarkable potential as an anode for lithium ion batteries. Thus, the hollow Co3O4 cube might give insights into transition-metal oxides as energy storage materials.


The paper proposes a digital chaotic secure communication by introducing a magnifying glass concept, which is used to enlarge and observe minor parameter mismatch so as to increase the sensitivity of the system. The encryption method is based on a one-time pad encryption scheme, where the random key sequence is replaced by a chaotic sequence generated via a Chua's circuit. We make use of an impulsive control strategy to synchronize two identical chaotic systems embedded in the encryptor and the decryptor, respectively. The lengths of impulsive intervals are piecewise constant and, as a result, the security of the system is further improved. Moreover, with the given parameters of the chaotic system and the impulsive control law, an estimate of the synchronization time is derived. The proposed cryptosystem is shown to be very sensitive to parameter mismatch and hence the security of the chaotic secure communication system is greatly enhanced.


On the Chilean Social Explosion uses the methods of literary, cultural, and subaltern studies to examine what cultural foundations and practices gave rise to this political uprising. On 18 October 2019, Chile exploded into a series of nationwide protests that placed the socio-political order of neoliberalism, settler colonialism, and patriarchy under structural crisis. In March 2020, however, the quarantining measures taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic put this grassroots rebellion on pause. The author explores and analyzes these five months which have come to be known as the Chilean social explosion [estallido social]. This book will be of value to researchers of cultural studies, cultural and radical politics, resistance and protest, subaltern studies, and Chilean and Latin American politics. It will also interest a broader audience concerned with social movements, grassroots organizing, and expressions of dissent across the world. © 2022 Maxwell Woods. All rights reserved.


This study examined the current textbooks in sport management using the quantitative content analytic research method. Sport management books selected for examination were limited to those written in English published from 1990 through to November 2006 inclusive. Of the 129 books representing 14 categories analyzed, the greatest number of books was in the categories of management (n = 36) and marketing (n = 27). These categories were followed by law (n = 13), finance (n = 9), and event management (n = 8). The majority of the books (88%) were authored. Among the authors and editors, 79% were male. The majority of books (85%) did not indicate a target audience. The average year of publication of all books was 2001, with almost three-quarters (73%) being published from the year 2000 onwards. The number of publishers was 40, of which the vast majority was in the United States.


It's very important to describe the corrosion damage evolvement rule of the aircraft structure for evaluating the calendar life. According to equivalent accelerated corrosion testing spectrum based on key environment data, the corrosion damage of accelerating corrosion testing for 7d is equivalent to that of field exposure for 1a. The new aluminum alloy of aircraft structure has been accelerated tested for 10a. Through KH-7700 3-D optical microscope, corrosion damage was inspected and measured. The result shows that some independent pits generate on the alclad surface in the first, and then many pits interconnect leading to the bigger holes. The effective service life of the aluminum alclad was gotten under equivalent accelerated corrosion testing condition.


In a rare instante of ecumenism, Kenneth Kramer, a Catholic, has written a book on T. S. Eliot, an Anglican, the main thrust of which is the philosophy of Martin Buber--a great Jewish figure of the twentieth century. (1) The book itself is ecumenism at its finest, since it has a fully open spirit that does not in any way sacrifice one tradition in favor of another. Nor does he draw from Buber's philosophy minus its religious component but makes full use of Buber's central philosophical-religious text and even of Buber's writing on Hasidism--the popular communal Jewish mysticism of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries--in putting forward his thesis of Eliot's closeness to the spirit of Buber's dialogical thought. Kramer begins Redeeming Time by indicating that "Four Quartets contemplates, through idea and word, how timeless moments--of redeeming reciprocity, of graced consciousness--shine through physical landscapes and release the poet from temporal enchainments." (2) Aficionados of Eliot's poetry and new readers alike will find in this dialogical reading an invaluable disclosure of Eliot's new life in the spirit--a "new and shocking/Valuation of all we have been." (3) This book on Eliot's Quartets (with references throughout to Eliot's poems, plays, and essays) was the product of a lifetime's effort on Kramer's part of reading, pondering, teaching, and discussing the poetry. The whole book is actually Eliot seen through a Buberian lens--in particular that of Buber's I and Thou, but by no means exclusively that, since Kramer has immersed himself deeply in the whole of Buber's writings. Kramer's Buberian reading of Four Quartets is thoroughly convincing. Kramer has, in fact, accomplished a remarkable feat in presenting such an apt Buberian lens on Four Quartets, but in no way does it neglect all the other voices--and they are many--that have essayed to interpret Four Quartets. Redeeming Time is, indeed, a great study of Eliot's Four Quartets and of Eliot in general--one well worthy of a lifetime's effort. Kramer's book consists of a Preface, an Introduction, a long chapter on each of the four quartets, a Conclusion on interspiritual practices, and over seventy pages of notes. Preface We cannot do better than begin with the long summaries of the book that Kramer provides in his Preface. These remarks indicate the scope of Kramer's comprehensive exploration and also capture some of its excitement: [T]he poet discovers that spiritual substance cannot be found fully in himself or in the totality of his experiences. Rather, it emerges from unsought, unforeseen moments of redeeming reciprocity (divine-human mutual contact) that interrupt time briefly in places entered by chance, and that are then retrieved and appropriated through interplay of detached memory and disciplined imagination. In Four Quartets, therefore, a continual back and forth movement occurs between ordinary time--a field of relentless distractions, struggle, and toil--and redeeming time--a graced elevation of ordinary consciousness arising from a genuinely mutual, giving and receiving engagement between poet and world. (4) For Eliot "grace" is ... a gift that happens not in a person bur to a person from a transcendent source.... a presence that recasts [the person] in the shape of spontaneous mutuality emerging between humans and the divine.... [Redemption] ... involves events and acts awakening one ... into liberating relationships with others and renewing relationships with the world.... not the realization of an inner truth but experiencing a relational connection to God's presence hidden in the world. (5) [T]his dialogic reading provides a network of theme words that help readers to map the entire poem while moving through individual scenes. These theme words ... embody key spiritual motives that inhere in individual passages and are repeated throughout the poem's twenty movements. …


Abstract Permits to destroy wetlands often require the creation of the same type of wetland elsewhere. An assumption underlying this practice is that such created wetlands will replace the ecological functions lost when the developed wetland was destroyed. Part of this ecological function is providing habitat for wildlife, including, in coastal areas, a suite of bird species tied to salt marshes for some portion of their life cycle. We tested the hypothesis that created wetlands provide habitat for the avian communities lost when wetlands are destroyed by comparing the breeding and wintering birds on 11 small created salt marshes with those on 11 natural reference salt marshes that were carefully matched for size and surrounding land cover. We found that, during the breeding season, created salt marshes had lower avian abundance and richness than reference salt marshes. In particular, wetland-dependent species were poorly represented on created wetlands. On the other hand, bird use outside of the breeding season and use by an important salt marsh obligate species, the clapper rail (Rallus longirostris), did not differ. Created wetlands that we surveyed failed to completely replicate the bird and plant communities that we observed on nearby natural reference salt marshes, raising the question of whether current mitigation policies that encourage wetland creation should continue without further investigation into the success of such wetlands at recreating wildlife habitat.


Background: The prevalence of cesarean section delivery continues to rise in most of the settings including the developing countries. Different indications for cesarean delivery might be responsible for this rise. Methods: The study was conducted during one year period of first May 2012 through 30 of April 2013 at Al-Saudi Hospital in Hajjah city, Yemen to investigate incidence, indications and type of cesarean delivery. The medical files were reviewed and medical and obstetrics data were retrieved from the files (age, parity, education, and mode of delivery). Results: Out of 1728 deliveries, 1211 (70%) were vaginal (include 1.3% instrumental deliveries) and 517 (30%) were cesarean deliveries. The vast majority of the cesarean deliveries were emergency ones (410; 79.3%). The different indications of cesarean deliveries were; hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (27.1%); repeated cesareans (22.8%), antepartum hemorrhage (14.5%), obstructed labor (10.6 %), cephalopelvic disproportion (10.6 %), bad obstetric history (1.4 %), others (2.5 %) and combined indications ( 5%). Conclusion: There is a high incidence of cesarean deliveries in this setting. Measures have to be taken (increase instrumental delivery, trial of labour and trial of scar) to reduce this high incidence of cesarean deliveries.


The article substantiates the need to enhance the information support for tourism and hotel business which is currently associated with a range of information and methodological issues, such as the assessment of tourist flows; tourism and hotel market satisfaction, congruence between customer needs and supply in the tourist services market; assessing load infrastructure as well as anthropogenic effects on the environment; study on the state of industry development and measuring of its contribution into the total gross domestic product. The paper presents a research methodology to explore tourism and hotel business settings, in particular the regional tourist services market, based on the market environment evaluation, identification of factors affecting tourism actors' performance efficiency and estimation of their impact on final economic outcomes. The above methodology involves a comprehensive approach to the application of theoretical and applied principles of sectoral and territorial analysis and aims at building the regional tourism policy key drivers. It is argued that in the context of new risks and challenges, modern Ukraine should pursue a robust constructive recreational and tourism policy. Depending on the level at which the policy is defined and implemented, this study makes out government policy, regional policy, and the policy of individual tourism and hotel businesses. As an effective solution, the findings suggest modeling a government recreational policy based on strategic planning which translates into a comprehensive document that includes analytical information and business forecasting, as well as an action plan including a set of activities and projects to be implemented by market participants in the tourism and hotel sector.


The influence of occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on urinary mutagenic activity was assessed in 75 coke oven workers, using a highly sensitive bacterial mutagen technique (extraction with C18 resin and liquid micro-preincubation test on strain TA98 of Salmonella typhimurium in the presence of metabolizing and deconjugating enzymes). Exposure to PAHs was assessed according to the urinary excretion of 1-pyrenol; the main confounding factors were checked by the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the levels of nicotine and its metabolites in urine, or by ascertaining whether recommended dietary restrictions had been followed. Of the 20 urine samples which turned out to be positive (producing at least double the number of spontaneous revertants), 19 (95%) belonged to smokers. Only one non-smoker had obvious urinary mutagenic activity, and was highly exposed occupationally to PAHs (urinary 1-pyrenol of 3.930 mumol/mol of creatinine). Of the five urine samples from subjects who had not followed the recommended diet, two (40%) were clearly mutagenic. Multiple regression analysis (n = 67) showed that the presence of samples positive for urinary mutagenic activity depended only on smoking habits, if this confounding factor was assessed according to the number of cigarettes smoked per day, while the significant influence of exposure to PAH could be shown when the confounding factor was objectively estimated according to the urinary levels of nicotine and its metabolites. Assessment of the mutagenic potency of urinary extracts (net revertants/mmol creatinine) confirmed the strong influence of smoking habits on urinary mutagenic activity (all smokers 2156 +/- 2691 versus non-smokers 939 +/- 947 net revertants/mmol creatinine; Mann-Whitney test: P < 0.01). In smokers highly exposed to PAHs, greater excretion of mutagens with respect to low-exposure smokers was revealed (3548 +/- 4009 versus 1552 +/- 1227 net revertants/mmol creatinine; Mann-Whitney test: P < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed that the mutagenic potency of urinary extracts of coke oven workers depended on exposure to PAHs, tobacco smoking habits, and consumption of fried, grilled or barbecued meat. Increased urinary mutagenic activity strengthens epidemiological evidence of the increased risk of renal and urinary tract tumours in these workers. The presence of mutagenic metabolites in urine as a result of occupational exposure to PAH may be demonstrated only by using highly sensitive techniques for assessing urinary mutagenic activity in studies which include careful checking of the main confounding factors.


Thank you for reading northern ireland 50 years of self government. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their chosen readings like this northern ireland 50 years of self government, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious bugs inside their computer. northern ireland 50 years of self government is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection saves in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the northern ireland 50 years of self government is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Abstract We systematically estimate the resonant tunneling transit time from the high-frequency characteristics of resonant tunneling transistors. It is found that the transit time across an InGaAs/InAlAs resonant tunneling structure is more than one order of magnitude shorter than that for GaAs/AlAs with the same barrier layer thickness. In addition, the obtained times agree reasonably well with calculated phase time. It is probably the elastic resonance width and not the inelastic scattering effect that mainly determines the resonant tunneling transit time.


Alkene hydroamination catalyzed by chiral aldehyde relying only on temporary intramolecularity is a new concept reaction. In this article, the reaction mechanism was investigated using density functional theory. The calculation results show that: (1) The reaction can be divided into two parts. The first part is a dehydration process involving a hemiaminal formation. The nitrone catalyst forms through rapid intermolecular nucleophilic addition of benzylhydroxylamine to chiral aldehyde precatalyst. The second part is a catalytic cycle, which involves an aminal formation—hydroamination—ring opening—product release process. (2) There are four enantioselective pathways related to the products of S and R configurations. Enantioselectivity is attributed to the different forming ways of a planar five-membered ring. The preferred pathways for the S-configuration product (S3) and R-configuration product (R3) are confirmed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Abstract The present scientific opinion deals with the evaluation of the safety of di‐calcium malate (DCM) proposed as a novel food ingredient and as a source of calcium for use in foods for the general population, food supplements, total diet replacement for weight control and food for special medical purposes (FSMP), and with the bioavailability of calcium from this source. The structural formula of the proposed complex is based on expert judgement and not supported by any analytical data. On the basis of the available data, the Panel concluded that there was insufficient scientific evidence of a difference between the proposed novel food ingredient named as di‐calcium malate (DCM) and calcium malate already authorised as a source of calcium included in Annex II to Directive 2002/46/EC. Accordingly, the Panel was unable to assess the safety of DCM as a novel food ingredient. On the basis of the results provided, the Panel considered that DCM does not completely dissociate into calcium and malic acid. The Panel concluded that when DCM dissociates, calcium would be available following ingestion of DCM and the bioavailability would appear similar to values reported for other sources of calcium already permitted. Furthermore, the Panel concluded that on the basis of the information available it was not possible to calculate the exposure to DCM as a source of calcium to foods for the general population, food supplements, total diet replacement for weight control and FSMP.


Recent literature has shown that international financial integration facilitates cross-country consumption risk sharing. We extend this line of research and demonstrate that the decomposition of financial integration into good and bad plays an important role. We also propose new measures of countries' capital market integration, based on good and bad volatility shocks, as well as country specific indices of consumption risk sharing. We document a decoupling of individual consumption growth from global risk sharing after episodes of negative cross-spillovers, and a recoupling after positive spillovers. Our results support current views in the literature that advocate for an asymmetric treatment of good and bad volatility shocks, in order to assess the macroeconomic dynamics that follow risk episodes. They also challenge previous views in the literature that present capital market integration (without differentiating between positive and negative shocks) as a prerequisite for higher international consumption risk sharing. Overall, they cast doubts on the actual scope for consumption risk sharing across global financial markets.


Rural livelihoods are exposed to many risks and thus vulnerable. This contribution analyses the relationship between livelihood risks, particularly health risks, and risk management strategies, especially health insurance. The analysis is based on a 2004-survey in the northern mountainous region of Thailand. The random sample consists of 200 farm households. Among the top-ten risks (81% of respondents mentioned them), three were related to health. Interestingly, the Thai Government already offers a mandatory Universal Health Care Scheme, which provides access to medical care for 30 Baht per visit. 75% of the population is insured under this scheme. Nevertheless, it lacks flexibility for the beneficiaries. For this reason, a Choice Based Conjoint analysis was employed to determine traits of health insurance desirable for the rural poor. The traits considered are the premium, the choice of hospital, and the coverage of the microinsurance police.


A new computationally efficient dependence measure, and an adaptive statistical test of independence, are proposed. The dependence measure is the difference between analytic embeddings of the joint distribution and the product of the marginals, evaluated at a finite set of locations (features). These features are chosen so as to maximize a lower bound on the test power, resulting in a test that is data-efficient, and that runs in linear time (with respect to the sample size n). The optimized features can be interpreted as evidence to reject the null hypothesis, indicating regions in the joint domain where the joint distribution and the product of the marginals differ most. Consistency of the independence test is established, for an appropriate choice of features. In real-world benchmarks , independence tests using the optimized features perform comparably to the state-of-the-art quadratic-time HSIC test, and outperform competing O(n) and O(n log n) tests.


Nowadays machine engineers heavily depend on mathematical models for simulation, optimization and controller design. In either of these tasks reduced dimensional formulations are obligatory in order to achieve fast and accurate results. Usually, the structural mechanical systems of machine tools are of second order type. However, they become descriptor systems when extra constraints are imposed to the systems. This article discusses efficient techniques of Gramian based model order reduction for second order index-1 descriptor systems. The primary focus is on second order to second order reduction techniques for such systems, where the stability of the system can be preserved. The methods are applied to a structural FEM model of a micro-mechanical piezo-actuators based adaptive spindle support (ASS). Numerical results illustrate the efficiency of the techniques.


A new free energy density functional is advanced for general nonhard sphere potentials characterized by a repulsive core with a singular point at zero separation. The present functional is characterized by several features. (i) It does not involve with dividing the potentials into hard-sphere-like contribution and tail contribution in sharp contrast with usual effective hard sphere model+mean field approximation for tail contribution. (ii) It has no recourse to the use of weighted density and is computationally modest; it also does not resort to an equation of state and/or an excess Helmholtz free energy of bulk fluid over a range of density as input. Consequently, all of input information can be obtained by numerical solution of a bulk Ornstein-Zernike integral equation theory (OZ IET). Correspondingly, despite the use of bulk second-order direct correlation function (DCF) as input, the functional is applicable to the subcritical region. (iii) There is no any adjustable parameter associated with the present functional, and an effective hard sphere diameter entering the functional can be determined self-consistently and analytically once the input information, i.e., the second-order DCF and pressure of the coexistence bulk fluid, are obtained by the OZ IET. The present functional is applied to a core-softened fluid subject to varying external fields, and the density distributions predicted by the present functional are more self-consistent with available simulation results than a previous third-order+second-order perturbation density functional theory.


Take electrolytic copper powder and SiC powder as the raw materials, apply powder injection moulding to prepare SiCp/Cu composite, while the test result shows that only Cu and SiC exist in the sintered composite, the SiC particles evenly distribute within the Cu substrate. The friction coefficient and the morphology and elemental composition of the worn composite surface are measured in the fiction and wear test. The result shows that the friction coefficient of composite increase in a more gentle pace with the prolonging of the sliding time; the adhesion and plastic deformation of the worn surface of the composite containing 10 vol.% SiCp is light, and there exists certain abrasive wear; while the worn surface of the composite containing 15 vol.% SiCp show obvious abrasive wear, and there exist dense mechanically mixed layer; in addition to the inherent elements of the composite of Cu, Si and C, the worn surface also contains the elements of Fe and O.


The activities of the INCREASE project are focused on intelligent ways to manage distributed renewable energy sources (DRES) in low-voltage (LV) and medium-voltage (MV) networks.INCREASE aims at providing solutions to overcome technical issues during power system operation, by employing advanced technological solutions and intelligent control strategies. Apart from the technological solutions based on inverter-interfaced RES, the project's activities include the development of a hierarchical intelligent multi-agent-based control strategy, its structure and its algorithms.Development of overlaying control This report describes in detail an agent-aggregator structure, which aims to exploit flexibility from end users toward relevant stakeholders. Under the scope of INCREASE, this concept will be used to cope with certain network issues including unacceptable voltage variations. The so-called overlaying control is a set of control mechanisms based on the agent-based technology that has been developed for the purpose of voltage regulation as well as congestion management. The first control mechanism is a fair power sharing control that can be complementary for the local inverter-based solutions in term of fairness for end users. The second control mechanism aims to coordinate the operation of an OLTC of the MV/LV transformer with power curtailment of DRES inverter to cope with voltage violations. The final control mechanism is used for congestion management of the MV/LV transformer. Integration with local control To ensure robustness and stability of the system, an investigation of integrating the local control and the overlaying control for DRES' inverters is conducted. A working principal has been developed to allow the overlaying control following up the local control in case of unfair power curtailment occurring. This principal has been verified using a co-simulation based agent-aggregator platform. Development of scheduling control Apart from the overlaying control, the agent-aggregator structure offers a preventive approach to schedule flexibility of new forms of energy consumption in advance. By using forecasting as well as demand side management modules, the DSO can prevent possible network issues and make use of these scheduling means to procure flexibility from the end users. The conceptual design of this process will be introduced in Chapter 7 of the report.


There is a growing demand for high data-rate mobile and indoor services at a reasonable cost, and using an indoor wireless system at end of the ADSL+ or fibre line is one potential way of meeting this demand. Industry players such as fixed-line and cellular operators have adopted similar approaches but based around different wireless technologies such as WiFi or HSPA femtocells and potentially LTE/WiMAX in the future. However due to issues related to interference in the license-exempt band and limited spectrum availability in the licensed band there are some doubts as to whether or not the available wireless options will be able to effectively distribute the high bandwidths within a home environment. With use of cognitive radio technology, the digital TV switchover program, offers a potential opportunity to address this issue. The aim of this paper is to assess the feasibility of using the TV White Space(TVWS) spectrum for home networking services and compare the performance with that of other license-exempt spectral bands, namely 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz ISM band. It studies the limitations in presence of interference and identifies the operating conditions when the system performance would start to become unacceptable. Using analytical and simulation techniques, it is shown that the performance of TVWS spectral outperforms the 5 GHz and 2.4 GHz for low to medium traffic loadings (around 2 Mb/s per home) at significantly lower energy requirements. However, to achieve these gains (a) the use of spectrum aggregation techniques and (b) operation at low power levels, i.e, below 3 dBm per channel becomes essential. The work also shows that for heavy traffic loadings (6 Mb/s and above per home) in dense deployment densities, TVWS band should be used as complementary interface for congestion relief instead. \end{abstract}


Creating an Online Training Module on Research Data Management for the University of Bath Research 360 In 2011 the University of Bath was awarded funding by the JISC Managing Research Data Programme to support and develop Research Data Management across the institution. The Research 360: Managing data across the institutional research lifecycle project (Research360@Bath) will develop policies, infrastructure and training resources to help researchers at the University of Bath to get the most out of their research data, realise the benefits of good data management practice and comply with funder requirements. The project team draws on expertise from across the university, including representatives from the Vice-Chancellor's Office, the Research Development & Support Office (RDSO), the Library, the university computing service (BUCS), UKOLN, the DCC and the Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies (Chemistry/Chem eng). Building Capacity One aspect of the project work is building capacity among researchers and support staff. The project team have undertaken a series of face-to-face training sessions for postgraduates and researchers, many of these being held in the Doctoral Training Centre (DTC) in Sustainable Chemical Technologies. Such training is highly effective but unfortunately not always cost effective or sustainable. Online Training Module Work Package 6 of the project proposes the development of an online training module for early career researchers that focuses on the current agenda for research data management. The module is to be discipline agnostic, focusing on general issues relating to research data management. The primary audience comprises of researchers, both postgraduate and academic staff, with a secondary audience of undergraduates undertaking research projects and professional support staff wishing to learn more about research data management to support their developing roles in this area. Creation of the module will build on previous JISC-funded work including the MANTRA training module developed by the University of Edinburgh, the Incremental work developed by the University of Cambridge and the University of Glasgow, and the DataTrain work provided by the Archaeology Data Service. On completion the module will be delivered in Moodle, the University of Bath's VLE, and released as an Open Educational Resource (OER). The project team worked with an external consultant, Mike Highfield, to appropriate content and develop technical aspects of the module. Instructional Design Process The instructional design process consists of four distinct stages: • Derive Learning Outcomes and Objectives: An initial meeting that defined the full scope of the project, what learners will cover and the content and the structure of the learning necessary to achieve this. As a result of this meeting it was agreed to use Xerte, an open source E-Learning developer tool created by the University of Nottingham, for the technical architecture. • Marshalling of Learning Content: Collation of content by subject matter experts. • Design Document and Story Board Specification: Creation of the design document and any associated storyboards capture the precise text on screen or audio narrative. Outlining of the draft visual treatments and details of learning activities. • Content Agreement: Submission of the design document to the Project Board for review. Content is edited and agreed. This poster will look at the instructional design process involved in the creation of the module, decisions taken and lessons learnt.


Neuronal G-protein-gated potassium (KG) channels are activated by several neurotransmitters and constitute an important mode of synaptic inhibition in the mammalian nervous system. KG channels are composed of combinations of four subunits termed G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+channels (GIRK). All four GIRK subunits are expressed in the brain, and there is a general consensus concerning the expression patterns of GIRK1, GIRK2, and GIRK3. The localization pattern of GIRK4, however, remains controversial. In this study, we exploit the negative background of mice lacking a functional GIRK4 gene to identify neuronal populations that contain GIRK4 mRNA. GIRK4 mRNA was detected in only a few regions of the mouse brain, including the deep cortical pyramidal neurons, the endopiriform nucleus and claustrum of the insular cortex, the globus pallidus, the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, parafascicular and paraventricular thalamic nuclei, and a few brainstem nuclei (e.g., the inferior olive and vestibular nuclei). Mice lacking GIRK4 were viable and appeared normal and did not display gross deficiencies in locomotor activity, visual tasks, and pain perception. Furthermore, GIRK4-deficient mice performed similarly to wild-type controls in the passive avoidance paradigm, a test of aversive learning. GIRK4 knock-out mice did, however, exhibit impaired performance in the Morris water maze, a test of spatial learning and memory.


The Overspent American explores why so many of us feel materially dissatisfied, why we work staggeringly long hours and yet walk around with ever-present mental "wish lists" of things to buy or get, and why Americans save less than virtually anyone in the world. Unlike many experts, Harvard economist Juliet B. Schor does not blame consumers' lack of self-discipline. Nor does she blame advertisers. Instead she analyzes the crisis of the American consumer in a culture where spending has become the ultimate social art.


This thesis is concerned with the application of operadic methods, particularly modular operads, to questions arising in the study of moduli spaces of surfaces as well as applications to the study of homotopy algebras and new constructions of 'quantum invariants' of manifolds inspired by ideas originating from physics. We consider the extension of classical 2-dimensional topological quantum field theories to Klein topological quantum field theories which allow unorientable surfaces. We generalise open topological conformal field theories to open Klein topological conformal field theories and consider various related moduli spaces, in particular deducing a Mobius graph decomposition of the moduli spaces of Klein surfaces, analogous to the ribbon graph decomposition of the moduli spaces of Riemann surfaces. We also begin a study, in generality, of quantum homotopy algebras, which arise as 'higher genus' versions of classical homotopy algebras. In particular we study the problem of quantum lifting. We consider applications to understanding invariants of manifolds arising in the quantisation of Chern-Simons field theory.


The US wireless industry appears to be in the midst of a sea change in the way it does business. It is just beginning to move away from the traditional walled-garden approach, in which users can pick their service providers but the carriers determine the phones and applications that customers can use. This gives service providers control of the wireless experience.


ERGIC-53 is a type I transmembrane protein. It includes an N-terminal signal sequence, a carbohydrate recognition domain, which is calcium-dependent and pH-sensitive, a stalk region, a transmembrane domain, and a short cytoplasmic domain; ERGIC-53 mainly acts as a receptor of a limited number of glycoprotein and transports them from ER to ERGIC and Golgi, meanwhile it has a secondary glycoprotein quality control function. Recent research has revealed that UPR, heat shock and VIPL may regulate the expression of ERGIC-53. F5F8D, and some ER storage diseases have relationship with ERGIC-53.


Abstract Introduction: Colombian population is getting old in an accelerated manner, causing economic, social and health services effects. The Ministry of Health and Social Protection in the National System of Population Studies and Surveys for Health implemented the first health, well-being and aging survey- SABE-2015 Colombia- to know the living conditions of people 60 years of age or older. Objective: Describe the design of the method, statistical sampling and quality control of information from the SABE-2015 survey. Methods: A cross-sectional study, with quantitative and qualitative approaches, representative for the population in urban and rural areas aged 60 or over. Information was collected on socioeconomic variables, physical and social environment, behavior, cognition and affection, functionality, mental well-being, health conditions, and the use and access to health services. Results: 23,694 surveys were conducted, 17,189 in urban population (72.5%) and 6,505 in rural population. The percentage of effective national response was 66% in 244 municipalities. Supervision was made in 40% of the surveys and telephone re-contact in 25%. The consistency of 100% surveys was reviewed and double entry was developed in 5% of them. National estimates have a 5% margin error. Conclusion: The SABE Colombia 2015 survey is representative of the main indicators of health, well-being and aging in Colombia. The design allows regional comparisons, between large cities and urban and rural population.


A new adaptive blind separation scheme for sources mixed by a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) linearly time-varying (LTV) FIR system is proposed. First, by dividing measured samples into a series of short segments, time-varying coefficients of the mixing system are approximated by polynomials in time over each segment. Then, a two-step BSS scheme is presented for the approximated system. The first step is to estimate the time variation and convolution effects of the mixing system, and reduce the LTV-FIR mixing system to a linearly time-invariant (LTI) instantaneous system using the conventional input/output system identification scheme. The second step uses the mutual independence knowledge of the sources to further separate the sources from the LTI instantaneous system. The theoretical and experimental studies show that the new BSS scheme has an improved performance in separating sources mixed by an LTV-FIR system.


Abstract This article begins with a discussion on how the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is viewed differently by different political parties as well as by the civilian and military establishments in Pakistan. The discussion then turns to Pakistan's current economic conditions and examines whether CPEC has the potential to boost the Pakistan economy or contribute to the worsening of its economic conditions. This article also discusses how CPEC seeks to maintain a balance between geo-economic and geopolitics. The article throws light on how CPEC has affected the internal political dynamics within Pakistan, and why the work on CPEC has slowed down.


An evaluation and subsequent targeted excavations were carried out along the route of the proposed A68 Dalkeith Northern Bypass by the Centre for Field Archaeology (CFA) between September 1994 and March 1995, with additional watching briefs taking place in 1997. The work was commissioned by Historic Scotland on behalf of the Roads Directorate of the Scottish Office Industry Department. The bypass was not constructed at the time, and further pre-construction mitigation work was recommended in 2005, with fieldwork being carried out in 2006–08 by CFA Archaeology Ltd, for Historic Scotland on behalf of Transport Scotland.

This report describes the results of the evaluations and each excavation individually. The route traverses a narrow strip of the Lothian plain which contained several prehistoric sites (two ring-groove structures, a stone-paved area and two pit alignments), a Roman temporary camp, a post-medieval building, an 18th-century designed landscape, and two industrial sites (a brick and tile works and a coal pit engine house). Several sites also produced ephemeral remains of earlier or later date. Overall, the results indicated a settlement pattern and land use which concentrated on the sands and gravels of the river terraces, with far less settlement on the unforgiving compacted clays which otherwise characterise large parts of the road corridor


The four articles in this special issue experiment with an innovative set of questions and a variety of methods in order to push the analysis of slavery and the law into new territory. Their scope is broadly Atlantic, encompassing Suriname and Saint-Domingue/Haiti, New York and New Orleans, port cities and coffee plantations. Each essay deals with named individuals in complex circumstances, conveying their predicaments as fine-grained microhistories rather than as shocking anecdotes. Each author, moreover, demonstrates that the moments when law engaged slavery not only reflected but also influenced larger dynamics of sovereignty and jurisprudence.


We investigated the use of bronchial brush biopsies of the bronchial epithelium as a diagnostic tool in common airway diseases. Flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy was performed on 22 smokers with nonobstructive chronic bronchitis and on 14 healthy nonsmoking individuals. Ten of the smokers had recurrent infectious exacerbations. Cell samples were taken from carinal and subsegmental levels of the bronchial tree with a standard cytological brush, and a differential count was made of the different cell types. Smokers with chronic bronchitis had significantly more goblet cells (mean 20.0, SD 8.6), and less ciliated epithelial cells (mean 74.1, SD 9.4), than the healthy nonsmokers (mean 9.2, SD 3.9 and mean 84.7, SD 6.6, respectively). No such changes were found between the chronic bronchitis groups with or without infectious exacerbations. Thus, bronchial brush biopsies can be used as a complement to standard bronchial biopsies in the investigation of airway diseases other than pulmonary malignancies.


We investigated the effects of magnetic fields on the enzymatic activity of plasmin concerning the dissolution of thrombosis. Plasmin activity in magnetic fields up to 8 T was assessed using a synthetic substrate for plasmin, D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA. We observed that the initial rate of the reaction accelerated 5% in an 8 T magnetic field. We also measured time courses of the reaction. When the absorbance changed non-linearly and reached 60-90% of the maximum absorbance, absorbance of the mixture exposed to an 8 T magnetic field at 37/spl deg/C was 7-11% lower than control samples. The results show that the enzymatic activity of plasmin was affected by a magnetic field at 8 T. This suggests that magnetic fields have an effect on the active center of the reaction of plasmin with a substrate, especially on the hydrogen bonds of the charge-relay system. >


Abstract A key factor in designing randomized clinical trials is the sample size required to achieve a particular level of power to detect the benefit of a treatment. Sample size calculations depend upon the expected benefits of a treatment (effect size), the accuracy of measurement of the primary outcome, and the level of power specified by the investigators. In this study, we show that radiomic models, which leverage complex brain MRI patterns and machine learning, can be utilized in clinical trials with protocols that incorporate baseline MR imaging to significantly increase statistical power to detect treatment effects. Akin to the historical control paradigm, we propose to utilize a radiomic prediction model to generate a pseudo-control sample for each individual in the trial of interest. Because the variability of expected outcome across patients can mask our ability to detect treatment effects, we can increase the power to detect a treatment effect in a clinical trial by reducing that variability through using radiomic predictors as surrogates. We illustrate this method with simulations based on data from two cohorts in different neurologic diseases, Alzheimer's disease and glioblastoma multiforme. We present sample size requirements across a range of effect sizes using conventional analysis and models that include a radiomic predictor. For our Alzheimer's disease cohort, at an effect size of 0.35, total sample size requirements for 80% power declined from 246 to 212 for the endpoint cognitive decline. For our glioblastoma multiforme cohort, at an effect size of 1.65 with the endpoint survival time, total sample size requirements declined from 128 to 74. This methodology can decrease the required sample sizes by as much as 50%, depending on the strength of the radiomic predictor. The power of this method grows with increased accuracy of radiomic prediction, and furthermore, this method is most helpful when treatment effect sizes are small. Neuroimaging biomarkers are a powerful and increasingly common suite of tools that are, in many cases, highly predictive of disease outcomes. Here, we explore the possibility of using MRI-based radiomic biomarkers for the purpose of improving statistical power in clinical trials in the contexts of brain cancer and prodromal Alzheimer's disease. These methods can be applied to a broad range of neurologic diseases using a broad range of predictors of outcome to make clinical trials more efficient.


The purpose of this study was to examine science teachers' level of using computers in teaching and the impact of a teacher professional development program (TPDP) on their views regarding utilizing computers in science education. Forty-three in-service science teachers from different regions of Turkey attended a 5 day TPDP. The TPDP was structured in modules designed using inquiry-based interactive computer simulations (IBICS). The participants created modules on different science subjects during the TPDP. Their progression was evaluated by micro-teaching sessions. Mixed methods research was used. The data were gathered by a survey and semi-structured interviews. Findings indicate that most of the science teachers initially lacked the necessary skills and knowledge for using computers in teaching. However, after the TPDP majority of them developed positive views on using computers in teaching and learning. Also, for teachers the TPDP provided ways and methods of successful integration of ICT in teaching.


In a recent study of female veterinarians, a subgroup of health professionals growing rapidly in number, the authors employed a mixed-mode survey design in targeting the cohort of women graduating from all US veterinary colleges during the 11-year period 1970-80 (n = 2,997). The questionnaire elicited information on a variety of health and occupational factors and required 35 minutes on average to complete. In the first stage, a modified version of Dillman's Total Design Method for mailed, self-administered questionnaires was employed, yielding a response rate of 82.9%. In the second stage, a telephone interview of all mail non-respondents was attempted, yielding a response rate here of only 30.1%, but increasing the overall response rate among those contacted to 90.2%. Non-respondents differed little from mail (early) or telephone (late) respondents with respect to year of graduation and geographic region of veterinary college attendance. Gentle probing of telephone non-respondents suggested the personal nature of some questions and the amount of time required to answer all questions were the main reasons they chose not to participate. It therefore appears that conventional survey techniques may be successfully employed in health studies of health professionals, particularly if issues of great concern to the target population are addressed.


We have used a 3-h primed continuous infusion of [1,2-13C]acetate in five fasted (24 h) volunteers to quantify splanchnic and leg acetate metabolism ( protocol 1). Fractional extraction of acetate by both tissues was high (∼70%), and simultaneous uptake and release of acetate were observed. Labeled carbon recovery in CO2 was 37.9 ± 2.3% at the whole body level, 37.7 ± 1.5% across the splanchnic bed, and 37.3 ± 2.9% across the leg. Furthermore, we calculated whole body labeled carbon recovery during 15 h of [1,2-13C]acetate infusion in three volunteers ( protocol 2). Whole body acetate carbon recovery in CO2 was significantly higher (66.7 ± 4.5%) after 15 h of tracer infusion than after 3 h. We conclude that acetate is rapidly taken up by the leg and splanchnic tissues and that the percent recovery of CO2from the oxidation of acetate is heavily dependent on the length of acetate tracer infusion. In the postabsorptive state, labeled carbon recovery from acetate across the leg and the splanchnic region is similar to the whole body CO2 recovery.


The cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum is amenable to biochemical, cell biological, and molecular genetic analyses, and offers a unique opportunity for multifaceted approaches to dissect the mechanism of cytokinesis. One of the important questions that are currently under investigation using Dictyostelium is to understand how cleavage furrows or contractile rings are assembled in the equatorial region. Contractile rings consist of a number of components including parallel filaments of actin and myosin II. Phenotypic analyses and in vivo localization studies of cells expressing mutant myosin IIs have demonstrated that myosin II's transport to and localization at the equatorial region does not require regulation by phosphorylation of myosin II, specific amino acid sequences of myosin II, or the motor activity of myosin II. Rather, the transport appears to depend on a myosin II‐independent flow of cortical cytoskeleton. What drives the flow of cortical cytoskeleton is still elusive. However, a growing number of mutants that affect assembly of contractile rings have been accumulated. Analyses of these mutations, identification of more cytokinesis‐specific genes, and information deriving from other experimental systems, should allow us to understand the mechanism of contractile ring formation and other aspects of cytokinesis. Microsc. Res. Tech. 49:136–144, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The kneading process and formulations of feedstock obviously affect the quality of MIM products. In the present work, the rheological behaviour of the composite MIM feedstock, metal matrix (Cu) with few additions of ceramic powders (Al2O3), was measured by a selfdesigned/ manufactured simple capillary rheometer. Experimental results show that the distribution between powders and binder is more uniformly when blending time increased. Though high powder loading will increase the feedstock viscosity, the fluidity reveals relatively stable through the load curves of extrusion. Besides, the temperature-dependence of viscosity of the feedstock approximately follows an Arrehnius equation. Basing on Taguchi's method, the kneading optimization conditions and the rheological model of the feedstock were established, respectively.


Due to historical, political, and cultural similarities the Central European (CE) domestic market grew to one of the closest and most integrated economic networks of the world. Sharing the necessary technological competencies and resources, industries like the au-tomotive industry arose to cross-bordering ecosystems. In contrast to the supply chains of other consumer goods, Hungary established a suitable environment to become dominant in the primary industry of manufacturing rather than a sole cost-reducing supplier. However, the analysis of current organizational framework of operating automotive enterprises in CE highlighted, that long existing concepts like Kaizen are still not tailored into the day-to-day business concept. Consequent-ly, competitors from other hemispheres might have an impactful market advantage. Thus, the purpose of this paper focuses on the barriers of implementing said organizational changes and identifying necessary steps towards internal reorganisation in Hungary while keeping the se-curity of known and long-established structures alike. By analysing the experiences of neighbouring countries which are also part of the CE supply chain, critical factors are revealed. The findings of the paper elaborate on the positive long-term effects of Kaizen for this specific industrial sector as well as drafting a recommended innovation roadmap for the Hungarian automotive innovation.


The surgery of the circulatory system has reached farther and farther into the vital structures of the body. Attempts have been made to operate on most parts of the human body. One of the limitations of concern to vascular surgery is the problem of reestablishing arterial continuity. Congenital, traumatic, and obliterative vascular lesions sometimes involve lengths of artery which cannot be readily bridged. In an attempt to fill such gaps, vascular tissues from adjacent, as well as distant, parts of the same or different bodies have been used. Segments of autologous vein are most readily available donor tissue, although they may not be the most desirable. Homologous and heterologous preserved arterial and venous segments are being used in some centers where a blood-vessel bank is available. These have been used with some success, although their supply is presently limited. Peritoneum-covered fascia has been used as vascular substitute and for vessel


The main objective of this proposed approach is to categorize various kinds of leaves despite their shapes, sizes, locations and orientations from the sub square patches in combination with SVM classifier. In spite of differentiating the one full original image from the other, initially, interest points are detected to determine the high information areas of each and every leaf image. These points are detected from the various leaf images collected from the Caltech database. Then these salient points are represented in the form of square patches which deals with variability in object shape and partial occlusions. The local representation of images that is patches are extracted over the salient points. The Ridgelet based features are computed for each and every patch. Then these features are given to SVM classifier which plays an important role in categorizing objects from backgrounds. Based on the classification results the strength of the proposed method is measured and those results show the performance of the proposed method with high recognition rate and faster processing speed.


A key success of a Web service is to appropriately design its interface to make it easy to consume and understand. In the context of service-oriented computing (SOC), the service's interface is the main source of interaction with the consumers to reuse the service functionality in real-world applications. The SOC paradigm provides a collection of principles and guidelines to properly design services to provide best practice of third-party reuse. However, recent studies showed that service designers tend to pay little care to the design of their service interfaces, which often lead to several side effects known as antipatterns. One of the most common Web service interface antipatterns is to expose a large number of semantically unrelated operations, implementing different abstractions, in one single interface. Such bad design practices may have a significant impact on the service reusability, understandability, as well as the development and run-time characteristics. To address this problem, in this article, we propose a hybrid approach to improve the design quality of Web service interfaces and fix antipatterns as a combination of both deterministic and heuristic-based approaches. The first step consists of a deterministic approach using a graph partitioning-based technique to split the operations of a large service interface into more cohesive interfaces, each one representing a distinct abstraction. Then, the produced interfaces will be checked using a heuristic-based approach based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) to correct potential antipatterns while reducing the interface design deviation to avoid taking the service away from its original design. To evaluate our approach, we conduct an empirical study on a benchmark of 26 real-world Web services provided by Amazon and Yahoo. Our experiments consist of a quantitative evaluation based on design quality metrics, as well as a qualitative evaluation with developers to assess its usefulness in practice. The results show that our approach significantly outperforms existing approaches and provides more meaningful results from a developer's perspective.


On the basis of a detailed account of the analysis of a severely disturbed female patient with suicidal tendencies and pronounced mood swings, in whom sensory impressions were particularly important, the author investigates the phenomena of hypersensuality and self-sensuality. These are shown to be closely bound up with the patient's primitive erotisation of both the transference and her life outside the analysis, their function being one of self-feeding designed to blot out the awareness of separation and separateness. Depending on a given subject's personality development and the position from which mental events are experienced, the author notes that this self-sensuality may be external, acted out or largely confined to fantasy. The case history leads to some theoretical reflections, supported by the results of infant observation conducted by the author and his assistants, on the possible connection between erotised patterns of relating in such patients and the existence of autistic nuclei. In the final part of the paper, the author considers whether the two familiar Kleinian positions need to be supplemented by a third, 'autistic', position, discusses the relevant consequences and implications, and emphasises that the assumption of the existence of such a position carries the risk of its reification. He ends with a poetic example that sums up the isolation of the patients concerned.


The paper presents different alternatives for technical solutions in decentralized wastewater systems. Integration is sought out in terms of a holistic approach to the system formulation, including wastewater generation, quantitative assessment, collection, transportation, treatment and reuse option. Two levels of spatial magnitude of the system are discussed: the on-site level of treatment of residential, commercial, and institutional wastewater, and at neighbourhood level, with options of separation of gray and black water in both cases. The need to link urban development plans to the type of wastewater system is underlined.


Objective: This research analyzes the obstetric and neonatal outcomes of Syrian and Turkish pregnant women.
Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 1,823 pregnant Turkish and Syrian women aged 13 to 47 who gave birth at a tertiary care facility in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Between September 2020 and August 2021, 940 Turkish and 883 Syrian refugees (SYR) pregnant women participated in the study. The groups were compared for demographic data, obstetric outcomes, and neonatal features.
Results: The maternal age distribution for SYR includes younger ages (p<0,001). The literacy status among Syrians is lower than that of Turks (p<0,001). Syrian pregnant women have a lower prevalence of cesarean section (CS); they have a greater rate of first spontaneous vaginal delivery (fSVD) and spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) than Turkish pregnant women (p<0,001). Amniotic membrane rupture is more prevalent among pregnant Syrian women (p=0,007). APGAR scores differ by nationality (p=0.004). There is a significant difference in maternal hemoglobin median values (g/dL) according to nationality (p<0.001). There is a substantial difference between the birth weights of newborns with low birth weight (LBW) (1500 ≤ - <2500 grams) and those with 2500 grams or more in both groups (p<0.001).
Conclusion: There is a strong correlation between education and prenatal care utilization. As women's education levels increase, the rates of prenatal care also increase. Antenatal care is the most valuable and effective method for preventing adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.


Australian mammals have exhibited exceptionally high rates of decline since European settlement 230 years ago, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. In recent decades there has been increasing concern over the current declines of small mammals in northern tropical savannas. In these systems, little scientific attention has been given to the suite of large macropods, family Macropodidae, (common wallaroo [Osphranter robustus], antilopine wallaroo [O. antilopinus] and agile wallaby [Notamacropus agilis]), some thought to be declining by Aboriginal Traditional Owners. These species may be impacted by feral herbivores and contemporary fire regimes, threats that are both linked to small mammal decline and impact forage quantity and quality. A multi-scale approach – from landscape- to local-scales – was utilized with the overall objectives of exploring the nexus between fire, forage and herbivory in two regions of northern Australia and examining the applicability of the concept of pyricherbivory, the spatial and temporal interactions of fire and grazing, to Australian savannas. The North Kimberley bioregion in Western Australia and Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory are regions of largely intact tropical savanna, each with well-established feral herbivores and active Indigenous fire management. Arnhem Land, where water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is the dominant feral herbivore, has a continual history of Aboriginal fire management, in contrast to the North Kimberley, where fire management was disrupted by European colonial activity and with a more recent establishment of the dominant feral herbivore, cattle (Bos spp.). Arnhem Land has also been the focus of several feral herbivore surveys in the recent past, unlike the North Kimberley.
My thesis begins by using aerial surveys, road transects and remote camera trapping to examine the effects of feral cattle and fire on the distribution and abundance of large macropods in the North Kimberley. Density and biomass of feral cattle exceeded that of macropods regardless of survey technique utilised. Density estimates for cattle were up to 125 times higher (0.3-10.0 km\(^{-2}\)) than estimates for macropods (0.08-0.49 km\(^{-2}\)). Cattle biomass, based on the aerial surveys (corrected for perception bias), were 15 and 95 times higher than macropods for infertile (279 versus 19 kg km\(^{-2}\)) and fertile savannas (518 versus 5 kg km\(^{-2}\)), respectively. Proximity to the nearest pastoral property was a significant predictor of the aerial sightings of feral cattle, suggesting cattle are continuing to expand throughout the area from adjacent pastoral lands. Abundance and foraging activity of cattle were positively associated with recently burnt areas. In contrast, camera trapping showed agile wallaby and wallaroo occurrence and foraging behaviour were associated with unburnt areas. Agile wallabies and wallaroos were negatively associated with cattle and showed substantial diurnal and seasonal separation consistent with an antagonistic interspecific interaction. These multi-scale surveys suggest that recent landscape changes such as altered fire regimes and introduced herbivores have negatively impacted large grazing macropod species.
Isotopic analysis of faecal samples was conducted in the North Kimberley to evaluate how macropods and feral cattle utilise such variable forage resources throughout the dry season. Feral cattle, wallaroos and agile wallaby utilised forage resources differently, consistent with previous related studies comparing buffalo and macropods in Arnhem Land. The contribution of grass to the diet of the agile wallaby was unrelated to substrate fertility, fire or dry season period (early, mid-, late dry season) which aligns with their known status as a mixed feeder. Wallaroos had the highest contribution of grass to their diet, compared to cattle and agile wallaby, with higher proportions of grass consumed on fertile substrates, regardless of fire or dry season period. Cattle diets incorporated more grass in burnt, fertile areas and in the early and late dry season, with a decrease in grass utilisation during mid-dry season, most likely related to the availability of alternative food resources. Cattle diets were highly variable in response to forage quality, ranging from 0-91% grass compared to wallaroos, ranging from 36-100% grass. Diets of wallaroos and cattle were correlated with live forage fibre content (R\(^2\) = 0.41 and 0.56, respectively). As fibre content increased with herbaceous biomass curing, grass intake decreased, precipitously so for cattle, demonstrating their diet flexibility.
To understand the underlying mechanisms of local-scale competition in both the North Kimberley and Arnhem Land, we used remote camera trapping and grazing exclosures to examine how herbivory, fire, seasonality, and soil fertility affect forage quantity and quality, in turn affecting herbivore distribution. We found that, even at low herbivore densities, grazing reduced forage quantity (live, dead and total standing herbaceous biomass) and increased forage quality (crude protein content of live herbaceous biomass). Fibre content of live herbaceous biomass was significantly lower in burnt vs. unburnt sites and fertile vs. infertile sites. There was no significant distinction between early and late dry season fires. However, sites burnt in the late dry season had the highest crude protein content of live biomass, highlighting the importance of heterogeneous fire regimes in providing high-quality forage throughout the dry season. Field sites in Arnhem Land had lower measures of overall forage quality (lower crude protein and higher fibre contents of live biomass) but supported more feral herbivores and wallaroos than sites in the North Kimberley. One possible explanation is that water buffalo and feral cattle may exert different levels of competitive pressure on native herbivores. Results suggest that pyricherbivory strongly influences the feeding behaviour of feral herbivores and some native herbivores.
In summary, I found that the biomass of introduced feral herbivores far outweighs that of native herbivores at the two study locations in Australia's northern savannas. Macropods are not behaving as predicted by the theory of pyricherbivory, which contends that herbivores are drawn to, and utilise, recently burnt, highly nutritious forage. Macropod foraging was associated with unburnt areas of low forage quality, in contrast to both historical and contemporary records of Traditional Ecological Knowledge regarding burning for macropod management. This discrepancy is possibly due to competition with feral herbivores for limited high-quality forage. Feral cattle and water buffalo have a wider dietary breadth than large macropods in the savannas and are thus better able to cope with forage of lower quality by varying their relative intake of grass and browse. The largest native grazing herbivores, wallaroos, are less capable of such dietary plasticity. Collectively, my results point to the importance of ongoing control of large feral herbivores in conservation areas and the incorporation of more late dry season fires in addition to early dry season burning to maintain forage quality for macropods throughout the dry season, more closely replicating the historical Indigenous fire regime. Further surveys of grazing macropods elsewhere in the tropical savannas of Australia are necessary to confirm regional population declines and advance our understanding of the complex relationships between native and feral herbivores, forage, fire and Indigenous wildlife management.


We examined the neuromuscular adaptations following 3 and 6 weeks of 80 vs. 30% one repetition maximum (1RM) resistance training to failure in the leg extensors. Twenty-six men (age = 23.1 ± 4.7 years) were randomly assigned to a high- (80% 1RM; n = 13) or low-load (30% 1RM; n = 13) resistance training group and completed leg extension resistance training to failure 3 times per week for 6 weeks. Testing was completed at baseline, 3, and 6 weeks of training. During each testing session, ultrasound muscle thickness and echo intensity, 1RM strength, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) strength, and contractile properties of the quadriceps femoris were measured. Percent voluntary activation (VA) and electromyographic (EMG) amplitude were measured during MVIC, and during randomly ordered isometric step muscle actions at 10–100% of baseline MVIC. There were similar increases in muscle thickness from Baseline to Week 3 and 6 in the 80 and 30% 1RM groups. However, both 1RM and MVIC strength increased from Baseline to Week 3 and 6 to a greater degree in the 80% than 30% 1RM group. VA during MVIC was also greater in the 80 vs. 30% 1RM group at Week 6, and only training at 80% 1RM elicited a significant increase in EMG amplitude during MVIC. The peak twitch torque to MVIC ratio was also significantly reduced in the 80%, but not 30% 1RM group, at Week 3 and 6. Finally, VA and EMG amplitude were reduced during submaximal torque production as a result of training at 80% 1RM, but not 30% 1RM. Despite eliciting similar hypertrophy, 80% 1RM improved muscle strength more than 30% 1RM, and was accompanied by increases in VA and EMG amplitude during maximal force production. Furthermore, training at 80% 1RM resulted in a decreased neural cost to produce the same relative submaximal torques after training, whereas training at 30% 1RM did not. Therefore, our data suggest that high-load training results in greater neural adaptations that may explain the disparate increases in muscle strength despite similar hypertrophy following high- and low-load training programs.


Transport is a main source of pollutants in cities, where air quality is a major concern. New transport technologies, such as electric vehicles, and public transport modalities, such as urban railways, have arisen as solutions to this important problem. One of the main difficulties for the adoption of electric vehicles by consumers is the scarcity of a suitable charging infrastructure. The use of the railway power supplies to charge electric vehicle batteries could facilitate the deployment of charging infrastructure in cities. It would reduce the cost because of the use of an existing installation. Furthermore, electric vehicles can use braking energy from trains that was previously wasted in rheostats. This paper presents the results of a collaboration between research teams from University of Rome Sapienza and Comillas Pontifical University. In this work, two real European cases are studied: an Italian metro line and a Spanish metro line. The energy performance of these metro lines and their capacity to charge electric vehicles have been studied by means of detailed simulation tools. Their results have shown that the use of regenerated energy is 98% for short interval of trains in both cases. However, the use of regenerated energy decreases as the train intervals grow. In a daily operation, an important amount of regenerated energy is wasted in the Italian and Spanish case. Using this energy, a significant number of electric vehicles could be charged every day.


Lateritic weathering kaolinites have been characterized in situ and differentiated for the first time by means of infrared microspectroscopy (IRMS). Four classical OH-stretching bands have been observed in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, at 3695, 3668, 3650 and 3620 cm−1, denoted ν1, ν2, ν3 and ν4, respectively, plus a band at 3595 cm−1 associated with the octahedral substitution of Fe3+ for Al3+. Infrared microspectroscopy of thin-sections of lateritic weathering profiles provides useful information on the types of kaolinite present in different horizons of the profile. The spectra obtained from large well-ordered kaolinite crystals look like those obtained by diffuse reflectance in that, compared with the KBr disk spectra of <2 µm powders, bands at 3668 and 3650 cm−1 are enhanced, and the strong absorption of KBr disks at 3695 cm−1 is replaced by a broad weaker band from 3700–3680 cm−1. In laterites, these large well-ordered kaolinites often exhibit a band at 3595 cm−1 indicative of significant Fe3+ substitution for Al3+ in the structure. The IR microspectra obtained from regions of small, more poorly-ordered kaolinites do not differ so markedly from that of KBr disks. All show enhanced absorption around 3650 cm−1 compared with well-ordered kaolinites, indicating that the disorder is due, at least in part, to domains of dickite-like and/or nacrite-like stacking in their structure. The 3595 cm−1 band is always weaker than that of the well-ordered kaolinite in the same profile. The IRMS data from well-characterized reference kaolinites show that the ratio Aν2/Aν3 is a pertinent IR order index for kaolinites. The larger this index, the larger is the area of the 3595 cm−1 band, and the larger and the more ordered is the kaolinite sample. It is suggested that the diversity of FTIR spectra observed reflects intergrowths of kaolinite-dickite polymorphs, or at least mixtures of high- and low-defect kaolinites which are frequently encountered in the lateritic geosphere rather than pure kaolinitic phases. The largest kaolinites having secondary crystallized in voids are the most ordered and the most ferruginous and have been considered as useful mineralogical tracers of the recent evolution of old lateritic terrains.


Skeletal muscle mass is an important trait in the animal industry. We previously reported an age-dependent downregulation of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)/Akt/S6 pathway, major protein synthesis pathway, in chicken breast muscle after 1 week of age, despite a continuous increase of breast muscle weight. Myosin heavy chain (HC), a major protein in muscle fiber, has several isoforms depending on chicken skeletal muscle types. HC I (fast-twitch glycolytic type) is known to be expressed in adult chicken breast muscle. However, little is known about the changes in the expression levels of protein synthesis-related factors and HC isoforms in perihatching chicken muscle. In the present study, protein synthesis-related factors, such as IGF-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, phosphorylation of Akt, and phosphorylated S6 content, increased in an age-dependent manner after post-hatch day (D) 0. The mRNA levels of HC I, III and V (fast-twitch glycolytic type) dramatically increased after D0. The increase ratio of breast muscle weight was approximately 1100% from D0 to D7. To our knowledge, these findings provide the first evidence that upregulation of protein synthesis pathway and transcription of fast twitch glycolytic HC isoforms play critical roles in the increase of chicken breast muscle weight during the first week after hatching.


A Communal Leadership Model for the Postmodern Worshipping Community at The Experience Michael E. Paulison Doctor of Ministry School of Theology, Fuller Theological Seminary 2011 In order to sustain lasting leadership at "The Experience," this project will establish a new leadership paradigm that will be implemented through biblical education and by integrating a new communal leadership model. The Experience is a postmodern worshipping community that has grown out of the Lutheran tradition. Its ministry began in 2001 as an outreach community to the young adult culture in Aurora, Colorado. Over the last nine years of ministry the church has grown but has encountered challenges in finding a lasting leadership structure. In order for The Experience to recalibrate its current and future ministries based upon a communal style of leadership, the first part of this paper will examine present cultural transitions and the challenges confronting leaders. It will consider the new emerging culture in Aurora and evaluate the issues that arise from it in light of how they affect the leadership of the worshipping community. The second part of this paper will engage the biblical and theological data relevant to the specific ministry challenge at The Experience. The discussion will begin with a biblical survey of Jesus' leadership style and the writings of St. Paul. The theological inquiry will study the historical nature of leadership in the Lutheran tradition. In order to integrate communal leadership into the life of the ministry at The Experience, a pilot project will be created. This will be the focus of the third part of the paper. The pilot initiative will serve as a test of the new model by allowing the governing body to explore community-driven leadership. Careful consideration will be given to the structure, timeline, personnel, and assessment of this new strategy. Content Reader: David Luecke, PhD Words: 273


Deposition of NOx, SOx and NHx will affect the chemical composition of soil and groundwater. Deposition effects are strongest under natural and extensively managed vegetations on acid sandy soils with aluminium hydroxyde being the main acid buffering soil constituent. At 155 sites with forest and heathland, differing in size from 0.1 to 25 ha, about 10 groundwater samples were taken from the uppermost meter of groundwater and analyzed for NH4+, NO3-, SO4-2-, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Al3+, pH, EC and DOC. Relations are derived for individual and site mean aluminium concentrations with the other chemical variables and with variables on a local scale hundreds of m2 and a regional scale (some km2).


This is the presentation of a case of formation of traumatic iatrogenic false aneurysm of left main coronary artery and its spontaneous closure combined with acute thrombosis of the stented segment of anterior interventricular artery (AIA) 11 years after initial procedure. False aneurysm was a consequence of dissection of arterial wall due to mechanical trauma by relatively stiff tip of guide wire and arterial wall hematoma extending to adventitia. Hematoma formation could be facilitated by thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase urgently carried out for acute AIA thrombosis after balloon angioplasty. Despite completion of processes of arterial wall repair at the implantation site confirmed by angiography 3.5 years after initial stenting development of novel atherosclerotic lesions and thromboses can occur in very remote period (after 11 years).


The thesis describes phytochemical investigations on the roots of Buxus papillosa and bulbs of Fritillaria imperialis to yield new steroidal alkaloids, study of structure-activity relationships of imperialine, synthetic studies on some androstane derivatives and biotransformations of three cytotoxic sesquiterpenes.

Phytochemical investigations on the roots of Buxus papillosa yielded two new steroidal alkaloids, (+)-papillotrienine(121) and Nb-demethylpapillotrienine (125). Phytochemical studies of the bulbs of Fritillaria imperialis of Turkish origin afforded a new anticholinergic steroidal alkaloid, ebeinone (57), four steroidal alkaloids eduardine (138), edpetilidine (139), verticinone (140), and isoverticinone (141) for the first time from this plant and a known steroidal alkaloid, imperiline(152)-----------------------------------------------------------------

Imperialinol (53), 3AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'²-acetoxyimperialine(54) , 3AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'²-propionoxyimperialine (55), and 3AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'²-butyroxyimperialine (56) were prepared from imperialine (52) for establishing structure activity relationships where 3AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'²-propionoxyimperialine (55) exhibited the best anticholinergic activity. -----------------------------------------------

The partial synthesis of some androstane derivatives from commercially available androstane (dehydroisoandrosterone) was completed in the laboratory of Dr: J. R. Hanson. University of Sussex. England. The aim of this work was not only to get new steroids and investigation of new methods of synthesis but also to study the stereoselectivity of the reactions such as nucleophilic displacements. esterifications. allylic oxidations. reductions. epoxidations and halogenations. As a result. eleven new steroids 'were synthesised from a commericiaU1 available steroid. i.e dehydroisoandrosterone(142).

A new three-step methodology for the synthesis of two new steroids 17AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'²-acetoxyandrosta-3.5-dien-7-one (145) and 17AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'²-acetoxyandrosta 3.5-dien-2.7-dione (146) has been investigated where another new steroid. 3AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'², 17AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'²-di-(trimethylacetoxyandrost-5-ene (144) was also prepared as an intermediate.-------------------------------------------------------

A seven step stereos elective synthesis of an epoxy steroid, 6AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'±,7 AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'±-epoxy-3, 17-di-(trimethyl)acetoxyandrostane(155) has been accomplished. Five new compounds namely 3AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'²,17AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'²-di(trimethyl)acetoxyandrost-5-en-7AƒÂƒA'¢AƒÂ'A'€AƒÂ'A'"one,6AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'±,7AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'²AƒÂƒA'¢AƒÂ'A'€AƒÂ'A'"dihydroxy-3AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'²,17AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'²-di-(trimethyl) acetloxyandrostan (152),6AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'±,7AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'²,17AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'²-trihydroxy-3AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'²(trimethyl) acetoxyandrostane (153) hydroxy-7p-toleuneAƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'²-sulfonoxy-3AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'²,17P-di-(trimethyl)acetoxyandrostane(154)and finally (155)were obtained as a result of this study.

The stereoselective synthesis of 6AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'±, 7AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'², 17AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'²-trihydroxyandrostane (161) was achieved by a six-step synthetic transformation sequence of dehydroisoandrosterone (142). This resulted in the synthesis of another new steroid namely. 17B-(trimetyl) acetoxyandrostan-5-en (159)

A four-step synthesis of a new halogenated steroid. 3AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'² -meth; mesulfonoxy-5AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'±- hydroxy-7AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'±-bromoandrost -6,7-dione (165) was completed in order to attempt the ring contraction for the synthesis of B-nor steroids which could not be achieved.-------------------------------

Biotransformation studies on three cytotoxic sesquiterpenes afforded nine Interesting chemically inaccessible compounds. Nootkatone (107) afforded 9AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'±-hydroxynootkatone (108) and 11.12-dihydmxynootkatone (109) by fermentation with Cephalosporium aphidicola. Sclareolide (110) gave 3-ketosclareolide (111) 1AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'±,3AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'²-hydroxysclareolide (112), 3AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'²-hydroxysclareolide (113), lAƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'±,3AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'²-dihydroxysclareolide (114) and 1AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'±.3AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'²-dihydroxysclareolide (115) by fermentation with Curvularia lunata. 7AƒÂƒA'ÂŽAƒÂ'A'±-Hydroxyfrullalonide (118) yielded 1l.13-dlhydro-7a-hydroxyfrullanolide (119) and 13-acetyl-7a-hydroxyfrullanolide (120) by fermentation with Aspergillus quadrilineatus while fermentation with Aspergillus niger gave only-------------------------------------------------------------


At the turn of the 20th century, technical writers in the United States were mostly engineers who both developed technology and wrote about it. During World War II, however, engineers seeking to increase the efficiency of technology development separated their engineering from their communication tasks. This trend opened up a new occupation for non-engineering technical writers who communicated knowledge made by engineers. While this specialization may have allowed engineers to develop technology more efficiently, it also allowed non-scientists to give voice to scientific knowledge and by the 1970s created tensions between practitioners in scientific fields and liberal arts-trained technical writers. How could non-scientists give scientific knowledge its material form through communication? Did this arrangement between engineers and writers too often render engineers mute within their own professions? This paper traces a history of technical writing practice in the United States and explores current trends in the academy which aim to prepare engineers more adequately for communicating about their work. Finally, this paper suggests that technical editors, as distinguished from traditional technical writers, can accommodate both an engineer's need to give voice to technology developments and a writer's contributions to shaping that voice into effective communication.


For a language with limited resources, a dictionary may be one of the few available electronic resources. To make effective use of the dictionary for translation, however, users must be able to access it using the root form of morphologically deformed variant found in the text. Stemming and data driven methods, however, are not suitable when data is sparse. We present algorithms for discovering morphemes from limited, noisy data obtained by scanning a hard copy dictionary. Our approach is based on the novel application of the longest common substring and string edit distance metrics. Results show that these algorithms can in fact segment words into roots and affixes from the limited data contained in a dictionary, and extract affixes. This in turn allows non native speakers to perform multilingual tasks for applications where response must be rapid, and their knowledge is limited. In addition, this analysis can feed other NLP tools requiring lexicons.


This article describes a service-oriented solution framework designed for home environments. A pragmatic approach is developed to help integrate conventional home automation systems following the service oriented computing paradigm. We believe it is improbable that there will be a single dominant middleware for the home computing that would be right for different appliances. A number of middlewares have recently emerged and it is common knowledge that they haven't a sufficient degree of interoperability. Because of this, the authors show how the approach based on XML, Web services, and Internet protocols, provide a uniform and novel architecture to cope with the architecture complexity in a open standard way. Furthermore a converging layer is conceived to incorporate a high level abstraction by an XML-based home automation language.


The effect of blending ratio and yarn twist multiplier on Polysulfone /Meta-aramid blended yarn properties is studied. Two-factor analysis of variance shows that yarn twist multiplier and blending ration have a significant effect on yarn breaking strength while yarn breaking elongation is affected by yarn twist multiplier considerably. Yarn evenness varies with blending ration delicately. Blending ratio and yarn twist multiplier have little effect on yarn hairiness. Yarn evenness nearly has no change with yarn twist multiplier and yarn breaking elongation remains consistent under different blending ratios. Yarn breaking strength gets higher with Meta-aramid content increasing. When the yarn twist multiplier is small, it's easy to increase yarn strength by blending high-strength fibers. Yarn breaking elongation gets higher when yarn twist multiplier is larger. Blended yarn evenness gets better with finer Meta-aramid content increasing.


Lysozyme adsorption onto dye-attached nonporous monosize poly(2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate-methylmethacrylate) [poly(HEMA-MMA)] microspheres was investigated. Poly(HEMA-MMA) microspheres were prepared by dispersion polymerization. The monochloro-triazine dye, Cibacron Blue F3GA, was immobilized covalently as dye-ligand. These dye-affinity microspheres were used in the lysozyme adsorption-desorption studies. The effect of initial concentration of lysozyme and medium pH on the adsorption efficiency of dye-attached and metal-chelated microspheres were studied in a batch reactor. Effect of Cu(II) chelation on lysozyme adsorption was also studied. The nonspecific adsorption of lysozyme on the poly(HEMA-MMA) microspheres was 3.6 mg/g. Cibacron Blue F3GA attachment significantly increased the lysozyme adsorption up to 247.8 mg/g. Lysozyme adsorption capacity of the Cu(II) incorporated microspheres (318.9 mg/g) was greater than that of the Cibacron Blue F3GA-attached microspheres. Significant amount of the adsorbed lysozyme (up to 97%) was desorbed in 1 h in the desorption medium containing 1.0M NaSCN at pH 8.0 and 25 mM EDTA at pH 4.9. In order to examine the effects of separation conditions on possible conformational changes of lysozyme structure, fluorescence spectrophotometry was employed. We conclude that dye- and metal-chelate affinity chromatography with poly(HEMA-MMA) microspheres can be applied for lysozyme separation without causing any significant changes and denaturation. Repeated adsorption/desorption processes showed that these novel dye-attached monosize microspheres are suitable for lysozyme adsorption.


This study aimed at determining the solid waste management system needs of Bayabas, Cagayan de Oro City in terms of handling and storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing, and disposal. This study utilized the descriptive survey method. The barangay officials, SK officials, barangay health workers and zone leaders/residents of the barangay were the respondents of the study. The respondents' moderate awareness of R.A. 9003 and receptiveness to solid waste management system will ensure their cooperation with the LGU officials in initiating the implementation of R.A. 9003. Likewise, the respondents' moderate assessment of the barangay's solid waste management system needs in terms of handling and storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing, and disposal disclose a community interest in adopting the introduced solid waste management system for the protection of the residents' health and the environment. Keywords - Solid waste management, suburban community