[1] We present a methodology to derive the growth history of a fault tip fold above a basal detachment. Our approach is based on modeling the stratigraphic and geomorphic records of deformation, as well as the finite structure of the fold constrained from seismic profiles. We parameterize the spatial deformation pattern using a simple formulation of the displacement field derived from sandbox experiments. Assuming a stationary spatial pattern of deformation, we simulate the gradual warping and uplift of stratigraphic and geomorphic markers, which provides an estimate of the cumulative amounts of shortening they have recorded. This approach allows modeling of isolated terraces or growth strata. We apply this method to the study of two fault tip folds in the Tien Shan, the Yakeng and Anjihai anticlines, documenting their deformation history over the past 6–7 Myr. We show that the modern shortening rates can be estimated from the width of the fold topography provided that the sedimentation rate is known, yielding respective rates of 2.15 and 1.12 mm/yr across Yakeng and Anjihai, consistent with the deformation recorded by fluvial and alluvial terraces. This study demonstrates that the shortening rates across both folds accelerated significantly since the onset of folding. It also illustrates the usefulness of a simple geometric folding model and highlights the importance of considering local interactions between tectonic deformation, sedimentation, and erosion.


Abstract There is no doubt that the Fees Must Fall student movement in the South African higher education system has received wide-ranging documentation and world-wide coverage. A plethora of studies and documentaries on the students', lecturers' and parents' involvement have seized the moment to explain the complex dynamics of the most unprecedented student revolution in the new sociopolitical dispensation since the fall of apartheid in 1994. While social scientists agree that ways of managing 'revolutions' in the 21st century using the old apartheid style of riot control is both obsolete and irrelevant due to more fluid ways of mass mobilisation, very little is known about the intricacies of language use and how this presents novel ways of knowing and self-affirmation among postmodern students. In this paper, I analyse key instances of complex multilingual encounters in the process of meaning-making during the protests. I show how multilingualism and the exchange of ideas in more than one language has been instrumental in pulling the demonstrators together across the wider spectrum of languages spoken in south Africa – something that debunks myths around intelligibility levels in African languages. Given the efficacy of this complex web of communication in times of distress, despair, and dispossession, I take a linguistic position that multi-languaging is an effective mass-mobilisation strategy and a potential tool to decolonise formal university discourses that are largely monolingual and exclusionary. Implications for learning and teaching are highlighted at the end of the paper.


Introduction: Stressful and unpredictable conditions in the pre-hospital emergency medical staff by imposing additional psychological pressure can affect and cause serious consequences in the long run. The aim of this study was to determine the burnout, dimensions and its related factors in the operational staff of medicine emergency. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-correlation study was conducted on 114 operational staff of medicine emergency in Shahroud city. They were selected through convenient sampling method. The instruments used were included personal and professional information form and "Maslach Burnout Questionnaire". Content validity and testretest reliability were measured. Data was analyzed by SPSS/16. Findings: Most staff had a moderate level of burnout in terms of reps (53.78%) and severity (43.82%) Burnout (in all dimensions) was the most of the personnel at the moderate level. There was a significant correlation between burnout and age (P<0.001), work experience (P=0.02) and working hours (P<0.001) but no significant correlation between marital status (P=0.18) and educational level (P=0.09). Conclusion: Burnout among emergency medicine personnel was moderate level. Also it was noted that burnout increases as age and work experience of personnel rises. Education in order to decrease the impact of burnout condition further precaution is suggested.


This paper is a commentary on the ECJ ruling on the Universal Service Directive Judgment in Case C-1/14 Base Company NV and Mobistar NV v Ministerraad. In its judgment, the ECJ states that the Universal Service Directive does not lay down a social pricing obligation for mobile communication services and mobile internet subscriptions. This case provides an opportunity to look at the evolution of the notion of universal service and its relationship with services of general economic interest. This commentary underlines the paradoxical character of European Legislation concerning universal service. On the one hand European Legislation designs standards for providing availability of electronic communication networks to all and imposes an obligation on member states to ensure these services. On the other hand, it limits the scope and the means through which it is possible to reach such standards. Consequently, EU legislation limits the member states discretion on the means to achieve the availability of universal service. Finally, this paper explains the reasons why mobile communication services should be included within the notion of universal service.


We formulate a practical yet challenging problem: General Partial Label Learning (GPLL). Compared to the traditional Partial Label Learning (PLL) problem, GPLL relaxes the supervision assumption from instance-level — a label set partially labels an instance — to group-level: 1) a label set partially labels a group of instances, where the within-group instance-label link annotations are missing, and 2) cross-group links are allowed — instances in a group may be partially linked to the label set from another group. Such ambiguous group-level supervision is more practical in real-world scenarios as additional annotation on the instance-level is no longer required, e.g., face-naming in videos where the group consists of faces in a frame, labeled by a name set in the corresponding caption. In this paper, we propose a novel graph convolutional network (GCN) called Dual Bipartite Graph Autoencoder (DB-GAE) to tackle the label ambiguity challenge of GPLL. First, we exploit the cross-group correlations to represent the instance groups as dual bipartite graphs: within-group and cross-group, which reciprocally complements each other to resolve the linking ambiguities. Second, we design a GCN autoencoder to encode and decode them, where the decodings are considered as the refined results. It is worth noting that DB-GAE is self-supervised and transductive, as it only uses the group-level supervision without a separate offline training stage. Extensive experiments on two real-world datasets demonstrate that DB-GAE significantly outperforms the best baseline over absolute 0.159 F1-score and 24.8% accuracy. We further offer analysis on various levels of label ambiguities.


Cryptography plays an important role in Medical Images and its applications because of its ability to adapt to Encryption, Decryption and watermarking. Often, in this paper, to insure the medical information is secure. First of all use Scrambling algorithm to hide the patient information and require a authentication to access a real image. For watermarking, a Discrete Cosine Transform is applied to nonoverlapping block size 8 x 8 image pixels. After that, a DCT coefficient values are apply to each block for position identification of embed message in medical image. To improve high capacity and imperceptibility in watermarking step, a Two Dimension Barcode ECC200 standard is used to convert message before embed to cover image. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves better performance imperceptibility.


Lagoa dos Patos in southern Brazil is part of the largest lagoonal system in South America. The Holocene lagoonal sediments of the Lagoa dos Patos, mostly muds, have an average thickness of about 6 m as determined by 297 km of 7.0 kHz echograms. Holocene muddy sedimentation developed over a probable Upper Pleistocene coastal plain, whose surface has a subbottom reflector that could not be penetrated by the energy of a 7.0 kHz seismic wave. The characteristics of this reflecting surface suggest indurated Pleistocene muds and/or sediments that are coarser than the overlying muddy deposits of Holocene lagoon. Based on stratigraphic correlation and the local sea level curve, we estimate that Holocene sedimentation started about 8.0 ka ago. This yields an average deposition rate of 0.75 mm/yr. A broadly comparable average rate of 0.52 ± mm/yr was obtained for cored intervals between  14 C samples from the upper part of these muddy Holocene lagoon deposits. These long-term sedimentation rates are much slower than rates based on two determinations of  210 Pb for surface muds deposits in the last 150 years, which yielded values of 3.5 and 8.3 mm/yr. Quite possibly the high short-term rates may be the result of more rapid lagoonal sedimentation related to deforestation of the watershed of the lagoon and other impact types related with human activities during the 150 years of European colonization in the Rio Grande do Sul state. Also, the aim of this study is to identify present and possible future environmental problems related with high lagoonal sedimentation rates such as the water quality, port dredge and the presence of mud deposits on the oceanic beach.


To the Editor. —With great interest I read Dr. Rubin's letter to the Editor in the May 1967 issue of theArchives( 77: 711) in which he describes so aptly the finding of with-the-rule astigmatism in a number of his contact lens patients. Though I am sorry for those particular patients of his where he found the trouble, it is nevertheless gratifying to learn that someone else has confirmed my finding as I reported in the December 1965 issue of the American Journal of Ophthalmology ( 60: 1103) and further elaborated in chapter 17 of the newly published book Current Concepts of Ophthalmology edited by Becker and Drew (St. Louis: C. V. Mosby Co., 1967). I have always believed that this is a serious and widespread complication but because of its insidious nature, it has been overlooked by ophthalmologists and I hope this serves to focus the attention of our colleagues


Overlapping cDNA clones spanning the entire coding region of a Na-channel alpha subunit were isolated from cultured Schwann cells from rabbits. The coding region predicts a polypeptide (Nas) of 1984 amino acids exhibiting several features characteristic of Na-channel alpha subunits isolated from other tissues. Sequence comparisons showed that the Nas alpha subunit resembles most the family of Na channels isolated from brain (approximately 80% amino acid identity) and is least similar (approximately 55% amino acid identity) to the atypical Na channel expressed in human heart and the partial rat cDNA, NaG. As for the brain II and III isoforms, two variants of Nas exist that appear to arise by alternative splicing. The results of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction experiments suggest that expression of Nas transcripts is restricted to cells in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Expression was detected in cultured Schwann cells, sciatic nerve, brain, and spinal cord but not in skeletal or cardiac muscle, liver, kidney, or lung.


This document will help you find answers to frequently asked questions about the Web Selling Partner program in Collaborative Commerce Networks. You can apply to become a Web Selling Partner with the Collaborative Commerce Network so you can begin to earn money and increase your site's audience.


The Northeastern Mediterranean coasts that border southern Turkey host one of the last strongholds for the survival of the endangered Mediterranean monk seal ( Monachus monachus , 1779). The seal colonies inhabiting south coast of Turkey have been studied since 1994 through various short-term research projects focusing on distinct small populations that were thought to be isolated. In this study, the entire extent of the area was monitored approximately for 3 years (between 2015 and 2018) with camera traps places in 20 caves known to be actively used by the seals. A total of 7014 images taken throughout the study period, along with 25,100 images taken previously, were used to identify the seals inhabiting the area.  In total, 37 individuals were identified based on the natural marks on the body. Based on photo-identified seals, a mark-recapture method was applied to estimate the total population size within the Northeastern Mediterranean. The overall population size was found to be 46 (SE=7.7) in the case of closed population and 53(SE=34.8) in the case of open population during the study period.  The range of identified seals was almost six times larger than previously documented in the same area, reaching distances up to 245 km. The population estimate indicated a decrease in population size compared to previous studies.  Finally, the study emphasises the importance of long-term monitoring studies elucidating changes in the demographic parameters in relation to threats posed, rather than cut-paste measurement suggestions which are not applicable in reality, while structuring the conservation actions targeting survival of this highly endangered species.


Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of single-row fixation and non-conjunction compression in the treatment of post small and medium rotator cuff injuries under arthroscopy. Methods: Forty-five patients admitted to our department from June 2017 to May 2019 were enrolled in the study. 32 patients in the single-row fixed-group and 13 patients in the non-conjunctival group were randomly assigned. The VAS, ASES, and UCLA scores of the two groups were compared before surgery, one month, three months, and six months after surgery[1]. Results: The VAS, ASES, and UCLA scores were significantly higher in those two groups other than the preoperative group. The scores of the two groups were gradually improved from one month, three months, and six months respectively after surgery. At one month, the scores of those two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups at three months and six months (P>0.05). Conclusion: Under arthroscopy, the single-row fixation technique and the non-conjunction compression method were used to treat post small and medium rotator cuff injuries. The effect is very significant. In particular, the no-knot sputum method has a significant improvement in restoring postoperative pain, joint activity and joint strength.


Abstract A complete overview of the national Shared Processing Program (SPP) satellite sea surface temperature (SST) retrieval product is presented. This paper summarizes the operational processing of digital Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite data into a global SST retrieval product at the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO). Satellite SST generation is described, detailing data processing procedures, algorithms used, and quality control techniques. User interaction and data monitoring through the SPP algorithm research panel for SST is presented along with SST products and information available to users. The NAVOCEANO national SST product consists of more than 150 000 global retrievals per day and demonstrates monthly bias errors less than 0.1°C and root-mean-square difference errors less than 0.6°C relative to global drifting-buoy measurements. The product is important to and operationally utilized within thermal structure analyses, civilian and military maritime activities, ...


Background: Feeding practices among high-risk newborn babies have not been extensively studied in the resource-constrained parts of the world. Aim: To describe the pattern of milk use among infants in a resource-poor special care baby unit (SCBU) and relate these to the outcome of hospitalization. Subjects and Methods: Setting – SCBU of Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu. Design – Prospective study of consecutively admitted inborn babies within the first 24 h of life. The data analyzed included the weight and estimated gestational age (EGA) of the babies, the age at the onset of and duration of feeds (breast milk and artificial milk [AM]). Results: Out of the 118 infants studied, (78.8%) 93/118 received breast milk and 16.1% (19/118) received AM. The mean age at the commencement of enteral feeding was 3.9 days. The age at the onset of suckling was negatively correlated with the EGA and body weight. The age at the onset and duration of enteral feeding were directly related to the duration of admission. Conclusion: More than three-quarter of the infants hospitalized in the unit received breast milk, but commencement was mostly delayed beyond the 3rd day of life. The duration of admission may be related to the timing of onset and duration of milk use.


PID (Proportional - Integral - Derivative) controllers are the most widely used closed loop controllers due to their simplicity, robustness, effectiveness and applicability for much kind of systems. With the rapid development of technology, implementation of PID controller has gone several steps from using analog components in hardware to using some software-based program to execute PID instructions digitally in some processor-based systems. And also, these developments have brought an alternative solution to implement PID instructions in Programmable Logic Devices (PLD). Field Programmable Logic Array (FPGA) is the most advanced members of PLDs. This paper presents the digital PID algorithm on FPGA. The controller algorithm is developed using VHDL and implemented using Altera DE0 Nano Board. As the controlled system, five axis robot arm is selected, which have five dc motor and four potentiometer to determine the positions of motors. The results show that digital PID controller and also multi-feedback control systems can be implemented successively using FPGA devices.


This paper describes the design, fabrication, commissioning and use of a CALibration source Insertion System (CALIS) in the DarkSide-50 direct dark matter search experiment. CALIS deploys radioactive sources into the liquid scintillator veto to characterize the detector response and detection efficiency of the DarkSide-50 Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber, and the surrounding 30 t organic liquid scintillator neutron veto. It was commissioned in September 2014 and has been used successfully in several gamma and neutron source campaigns since then. A description of the hardware and an excerpt of calibration analysis results are given below.


Background/Objective:Few studies have examined whether chronic heart failure (HF) outcomes can be improved by increasing patient engagement (known as activation) in care and capabilities for self-care management. The objective was to determine the efficacy of a patient activation intervention compared with usual care on activation, self-care management, hospitalizations, and emergency department visits in patients with HF. Methods:This study used a randomized, 2-group, repeated-measures design. After consent was given, 84 participants were stratified by activation level and randomly assigned to usual care (n = 41) or usual care plus the intervention (n = 43). The primary outcomes and measures were patient activation using the Patient Activation Measure (PAM), self-management using the Self-Care of Heart Failure Index (SCHFI) and the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Specific Adherence Scale, and hospitalizations and emergency department visits. The intervention was a 6-month program to increase activation and improve HF self-management behaviors, such as adhering to medications and implementing health behavior goals. Results:Participants were primarily male (99%), were white (77%), and had New York Heart Association III stage (52%). The mean (SD) age was 66 (11) years, and 71% reported 3 or more comorbidities. The intervention group compared with the usual care group showed a significant increase in activation/PAM scores from baseline to 6 months. No significant group-by-time interactions were found for the SCHFI scales. Although the baseline MOS Specific Adherence Scale mean was lower in the intervention group, results showed a significant group-by-time effect with the intervention group improving more over time. Participants in the intervention group had fewer hospitalizations compared with the usual care group when the baseline activation/PAM level was low or high. Conclusion:This study supports the importance of targeted interventions to improve patient activation or engagement in HF care. Further work is needed related to HF self-management measurement and outcomes.


Surface mount technology has accelerated over the past 2 years. It includes high I/O (input/output) density packages which are now being used routinely in non-aerospace applications. Although some avionics packages are incorporating the newer technology, there are a number of issues which need to be considered prior to their wide spread use for space applications. The issues which need to be addressed include the long term integrity of the package attachment, the types of interconnect boards which need to be qualified or developed, and the assembly and inspection processes. This paper reviews the status of space qualification of the package to board interconnect for this technology, distinguishing between different types of mission scenarios, e.g., low earth orbit (LEO) versus geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO). Analytical models, developed and reported in the literature, which relate thermal cycle robustness to component and board configurations, are applied to high density surface mount packages. Limited experimental data on thermal cycling of plastic ball grid array packages is presented and results are compared to the predictions based on analytical models. Analysis results indicate that within a reasonable range of package sizes, the new technology can be made robust and reliable for LEO and GEO missions. The choice of the proper combination of package types with interconnect board materials is critical to reliability.


In the framework of the three dimensional restricted three-body problem we study the dynamics of the exterior mean motion resonances with Neptune. The basis of our study is the computation of periodic orbits and their linear stability. The position and stability of periodic orbits critically determine the phase space topology. Stable periodic orbits are centers of regular librations where resonant trapping of minor bodies can take place. The periodic orbits are continued analytically from the planar model to the three-dimensional one forming families, which, in most cases, extend up to high inclination values and pass to the regime of retrograde motion. A classification of the families, according to their continuation and termination, is given. The computations show that resonant librating motion is present up to high inclination values and for particular eccentricity domains. When the ellipticity of the Neptune's orbit is taken into account, periodic orbits are found only for very high inclination values and all of them are unstable.


Avian influenza virus Nucleoprotein (NP) is important in viral transcription, replication and determining host specificity of influenza virus. Yeast two-hybrid technique was applied to screen for proteins interacting with virus nucleoprotein, so as to further elucidate the interaction between virus nucleoprotein and cellular proteins, as well as the interaction between virus and host. To explore new proteins interacted with NP protein, a human brain cDNA library was screened using yeast two-hybrid system with NP as the bait. DNA inserts of the positive AD/library plasmids were sequenced. By the BLAST analysis against the GenBank databases seven positive clones resulted in seven genes. Our results could help for the further study on the molecular mechanism of virus replication, transcription and protein-protein interaction. Further investigations were needed to characterize these interactions.


AIM
To investigate the function of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on cat corneal endothelial cells proliferation.

METHODS
Cat corneal endothelial cells were primarily cultured, stimulated with bFGF for different period, the proliferation of cells was assayed by modified tertrozalium salt (MTT) method, and the morphologic changes were observed with inverted phase contrast microscope and transmission electron microscope.

RESULTS
At 1, 3 and 5 days after bFGF was added to cat corneal endothelial cells, the result of MTT in 490nm showed significant difference than that in control group, and the difference was most significant in 10ng/mL group.

CONCLUSION
bFGF can promote proliferation of cat corneal endothelial cells. 10ng/mL is the relatively most effective dose.


Though under most circumstances harmful changes are induced in cellular structures by subzero temperatures, conditions can be found under which such damage is avoided. Thus, in solution, biochemical reactions can be slowed and more easily analysed and many enzyme-substrate complexes can be stabilized and structurally analysed; in crystals, 'stop-action' pictures unveil the stereochemical changes along reaction pathways. The progressive 'solidification' of non-covalent bonds involved in protein structures should permit investigation of their dynamics. Studies at high pressures open the way to new investigations on 'activated' enzyme-substrate complexes and might permit the refinement of current concepts to a considerable degree, as a preliminary but decisive step towards a full description of enzyme mechanisms. The conditions of medium allowing such cryobiochemical studies fail to protect cellular structures against cold. Investigations of plasma membrane behaviour are now under way to determine processes leading to cryosensitivity or cryotolerance of cells.


Abstract The Late Pleistocene-Holocene (0–30 ka bp) allochthonous sedimentation in the Herodotus Basin of the eastern Mediterranean has been controlled, in part, by a combination of regional climatic change and eustatic sea-level fluctuation. A new series of radiocarbon dates, made on planktonic foraminifers and pteropod shells taken from the pelagic and hemipelagic intervals between individual turbidite units, has given bracketing dates for each major turbidity current event that deposited sand and mud on the Herodotus Basin plain. Two partly independent cycles are evident. Climate-induced cycles have lead to an alternation of periods of turbidites sourced from the Nile delta-fan system with those from the North African shelf and Anatolian rise. These correlate with pluvial and inter-pluvial climatic periods recognized in the Nile hinterland. Sea-level cycles have tended to focus turbidite emplacement, from whatever source, at periods of sea-level fall within the latest Wisconsin and sea-level rise from the Wisconsin-Holocene period. In addition to the Herodotus Basin Megaturbidite (HBM) described previously, six other beds with volumes in excess of 25 km3 and wide lateral extent across the basin can be termed megaturbidites. There is no simple sea-level or climate control on the timing of these events, so we must conclude that triggering and emplacement of megaturbidites is independent and variable.


This thesis investigates the collaborative production of fine art digital prints for artists,a process which is used by many contemporary practitioners including Richard
Hamilton and Damien Hirst. Digital print as a fine art process has emerged over the last twenty years, and as yet, there is no in depth evidence on the collaborative endeavour and production process which is central to the digital Master Printer's role.
The investigation first establishes the historical context and significance of the Master and Printer in traditional printmaking, and the more recent development of the digital print studio and the digital print pioneers of the 1990s. A series of seven artists' case studies in the context of the collaborative digital print studio are then offered to demonstrate the working process. The analysis of these proposes a best practice model for Master Printers working with contemporary artists to produce high quality, fine art, wide format inkjet digital prints.
The study also compares production methods at the cutting-edge digital facility of the Rijksakademie in The Netherlands, to assess the validity of the practices proposed through a facility closest to the study's research base at the CFPR's digital studio. The comparative study also explored the expanding digital production process and the role of the Master Printer. Evolving production processes are also considered in this study as a response to the advancement of digital print technology alongside a practical exploration of what actually constitutes a digital print in this rapidly expanding field of fine art printmaking.
This study aims to reveal the inner workings of the digital collaborative process between the artist and Master Printer, and appraise the digital Master Printer's role.
It offers a set of best practice methods for the digital Master Printer developed from this research. The study also considers how the digital print, and the digital print studio may evolve in line with current and future developments in new technologies.


1] This essay builds on Arnold Berleant's concept of the negative sublime and his less-appreciated image of the vicious lottery to engage the ongoing discussion about the importance of aesthetic analysis for understanding terrorism. Sociological definitions of aesthetics and terrorism are presented as potential tools to aid in the analyses of terrorist aesthetics. Three aesthetic types of terrorism are developed in the tradition of Weberian sociological ideal typification. The article discusses the appropriateness and applicability of that typology for enriching our understanding of terrorism and counterterrorism.


The architecture of multipath delay commutator (MDC) and memory scheduling are the basic concepts used to implement fast Fourier transform (FFT) processors with variable length. These FFT processors are used in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems, having multiple number of inputs and multiple number of outputs. Depending on this MDC architecture, we implement the fft/ifft processor based design which is proposed in this paper. In this design we implement ram, fifo, input buffer and output sorting buffer. The functionality verification and the synthesis is carried out using XILINX ISE 12.3i and shows the reduced delay values.


The thesis describes the design and implementation of (1) a spatially resolved ultraviolet emission spectroscopy system and (2) an ultrafast imaging experimental setup to study the dynamics and composition of laser ablation plumes suitable for Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) of materials. These techniques allow the simultaneous recording of the plume absolute emission intensities up to 4 cm above the target surface, in the spectral range from 240 nm to 900 nm with a series of frames of the expanding plume, thus furnishing spatial, temporal an spectral information on the plume's evolution.

Emission spectra of Ga and GaN ablation plumes, in typical PLD conditions, were obtained with this system and are presented as a function of N2 ambient gas pressure from 1 x 10~7 to 5 mbar and ablation laser wavelengths of 266, 355, 532 and 1064 nm. Atomic level populations and excitation temperatures are estimated from these spectra. A series of temporally resolved images of the luminous plume expanding into N2 pressures of 1 x 10-5, 1 x 10—2, 1 x 10-1, 1 and 5 mbar were recorded and plume velocities are estimated from these data.

Emission spectra are also presented for Li and LiF plumes expanding into vacuum and the corresponding atomic level populations and excitation temperatures were estimated. Ultrafast images were recorded as a function of laser wavelength (266, 532 and 1064nm) and spotsize (115 x 80, 340 x 250, 90 x 525, 1000 x 000 and 2000x2000 ??m) yielding plume velocities. An anomalous emission line ratio feature of these spectra was observed and discussed.


The current data tends to be more complex than conventional data and need dimension reduction. Dimension reduction is important in cluster analysis and creates a smaller data in volume and has the same analytical results as the original representation. A clustering process needs data reduction to obtain an efficient processing time while clustering and mitigate curse of dimensionality. This paper proposes a model for extracting multidimensional data clustering of health database. We implemented four dimension reduction techniques such as Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Self Organizing Map (SOM) and FastICA. The results show that dimension reductions significantly reduce dimension and shorten processing time and also increased performance of cluster in several health datasets.


Impurity doping has yielded a number of useful optical and catalytic alloy nanoparticles, by providing synthetic routes to unprecedented nanostructures. However, Zn is difficult to use as a dopant in alloy nanoparticles due to the difficulty in reduction, and therefore little has been reported on Zn-doped alloy nanoparticles and their potential applications. Herein we report an unusual role of the dopant Zn as a crystal growth modifying agent to cause the formation of novel concave Rh nanostructures, namely nanotents. We could further prepare unprecedented hierarchically stacked Rh nanoframes and dendritic nanostructures derived from them by understanding the role of various surface-stabilizing moieties. We also report the usage of new Rh nanostructures in selective hydrogenation of phthalimides.


In today's digital landscape, we have the luxury of experiencing music anytime, anywhere. But before this instant accessibility and dizzying array of formats-before CDs, the eight-track tape, the radio, and the turntable-there was only one recording technology: music notation. It allowed singers and soloists to travel across great distances and perform their work with stunning fidelity, a feat that we now very much take for granted. Thomas Forrest Kelly transports us to the lively and complex world of monks and monasteries, of a dove singing holy chants into the ear of a saint, and of bustling activity in the Cathedral of Notre Dame-an era when the only way to share even the simplest song was to learn it by rote, church to church and person to person. With clarity and a sense of wonder, Kelly tells a story that spans five hundred years, leading us on a journey through medieval Europe and showing how we learned to keep track of rhythm, melody, and precise pitch with a degree of accuracy previously unimagined. Kelly reveals the technological advances that led us to the system of notation we use today, placing each step of its evolution in its cultural and intellectual context. Companion recordings by the renowned Blue Heron ensemble are paired with vibrant illuminated manuscripts, bringing the art to life and allowing readers to experience something of the marvel that medieval writers must have felt when they figured out how to capture music for all time.


: Examining 17 untrained female students and 110 trained ones indicated that moderate exercises as aerobic ones did not exert a great impact on most parameters of cellular and humoral immunity. Exclusions were higher absolute counts of B lymphocytes in the trained students than those in the untrained ones at the end of an academic year (in spring). Despite their activity, all the female students were found to have seasonal variations in some immunological parameters. Among other things, the content of immunoglobulins (primarily classes G and A) dropped in winter and particularly in spring as compared to autumn; on the contrary, the parameters of phagocytosis significantly increased in winter versus autumn, then fell in spring months as compared to winter; vive versa, the count of circulating immune complexes substantially reduced in winter as compared with autumn, then showing a trend for an increase in spring, at the end of an academic year.


Competition from emerging destinations forces established destinations to differentiate their offer and accommodate growing requests from tourists. Nowadays tourists not only search a destination that provides high quality services at affordable price but they search experiences that will enhance their wellbeing. Destination marketers are faced with a challenge on how to create and promote destination image that would transmit the capacity of the destination to contribute to visitors' wellbeing. In the present study we build a structural equation model that helps to relate satisfaction with stay at destination with quality of life enhancement of tourists. We test this model on a sample of visitors to Tasmania to conclude that the present model is a useful practical tool for practitioners willing to understand which aspects of the destination are important for vacationers in order to enhance their wellbeing on vacation.


Summary 1. The expansion of intensive agricultural practices is a major threat to biodiversity and to the delivery of ecosystem services on which humans depend. Local-scale conservation management strategies, such as agri-environment schemes to preserve biodiversity, have been widely adopted to reduce the negative impacts of agricultural intensification. However, it is likely that the effectiveness of these local-scale management actions depend on the structure and composition of the surrounding landscape. 2. We experimentally tested the utility of floral resource strips to improve local-scale biological control of crop pests, when placed within a gradient of moderately simple through to highly complex landscapes. 3. We found that experimental provision of floral resources enhanced parasitism rates of two globally important crop pests in moderately simple landscapes but not in highly complex ones, and this translated into reduced pest abundances and increased crop yield. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our results lend experimental support for the 'intermediate landscape complexity hypothesis', which predicts that local conservation management will be most effective in moderately simple agricultural landscapes, and less effective in either very simple landscapes where there is no capacity for response, or in highly complex landscapes where response potential is already saturated. This knowledge will allow more targeted and cost-effective implementation of conservation biological control programs based on an improved understanding of landscape-dependent processes, which will reduce the negative impacts of agricultural intensification.


INTRODUCTION
Patients with cleft lip and palate are often diagnosed with maxillary deficiency, i.e. the reduction of maxillary measurements in three dimensions. The method of distraction osteogenesis (DO) remedies the disorder caused by bone insufficiency by generating new bone tissue. Despite the fact that DO has long been considered an effective method to treat significant bone deficiencies, it is still not a standard treatment applied by clinicians to manage underdevelopment, especially in the maxillary area. There is only a small number of publications concerning the long-term follow-up results of the use of that method to treat patients with cleft lip and palate.

THE OBJECTIVE
Long-term analysis of dentoskeletal changes in cleft lip and palate patients treated with distraction osteogenesis and the use of a facial mask.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
In 2001-2004, 30 patients with cleft lip and palate and related maxillary deficiency were treated by means of distraction osteogenesis and a facial mask. However, due to incomplete documentation, only 15 persons, having full medical documentation and a set of cephalometric radiographs taken in three specified time periods, were qualified for the study. The cephalometric analysis was performed on the following lateral head radiographs: pre-distraction images (T0), images taken after active distraction (T1) and 5 years after the completion of the distraction process (T2). A group of 12 persons participated in the 5-year follow-up measurements (T2).

RESULTS
Cephalometric assessment indicated that after the use of distraction osteogenesis, the maxilla advanced by the mean of 3.84 mm and the SNA angle increased by the mean of 2.76° (statistically significant data). The maxillary advancement was accompanied by downward mandibular rotation. Long-term assessment after 5 years indicated that the SNA angle was reduced by 0.64°.

CONCLUSIONS
The use of distraction osteogenesis with a facial mask to manage maxillary deficiency deserves more attention. It requires a close cooperation of the orthodontic and surgical team, as well as high motivation on the part of the patient. In order to provide the final assessment of the long-term results, further studies need to be conducted on larger clinical material.


We predict the properties of the propagating and nonpropagating vibrational modes in amorphous silica (a-SiO2) and amorphous silicon (a-Si) and, from them, thermal conductivity accumulation functions. The calculations are performed using molecular dynamics simulations, lattice dynamics calculations, and theoretical models. For a-SiO2, the propagating modes contribute negligibly to thermal conductivity (6%), in agreement with the thermal conductivity accumulation measured by Regner et al. [Nat. Commun. 4, 1640 (2013)]. For a-Si, propagating modes with mean-free paths up to 1 μm contribute 40% of the total thermal conductivity. The predicted contribution to thermal conductivity from nonpropagating modes and the total thermal conductivity for a-Si are in agreement with the measurements of Regner et al.The accumulation in the measurements, however, takes place over a narrower band of mean-free paths (100 nm–1 μm) than that predicted (10 nm–1 μm).


A pulse width modulation (PWM) generator featuring very high speed and high resolution capability and the ability to generate standard complementary PWM, push-pull PWM, variable offset PWM, multiphase PWM, current limit PWM, current reset PWM, and independent time base PWM while further providing automatic triggering for an analog-todigital conversion (ADC) module that is precisely timed relative to the PWM signals. Applications include control of a switching power supply that requires very high speed operation to obtain high resolution at high switching frequencies, and the ability to vary the phase relationships among the PWM output signals driving the power supply power components. A single PWM duty cycle register may be used for updating any and/or all PWM generators at once to reduce the workload of a digital processor as compared to updating multiple duty cycle registers.


By the year of 2025, Sweden aims to be the best country in the world at using the opportunities offered by digitalization in healthcare. One way to digitalize healthcare is through the use of connected health devices and patient generated health data. So far, most research regarding patient generated health data in healthcare have been focusing on applications concerning chronically ill people, where research agrees upon the great benefits. However, the applications and benefits in primary healthcare is less investigated.

From a user experience perspective, this Master Thesis explored the relevance and applicability with patient generated health data for one of the two biggest digital primary healthcare providers in Sweden. The main focus was to present possible application areas, design a user experience and detect user benefits of including patient generated health data at digital health centres.

To understand the future of connected health and user needs, a literature review and multiple user interviews were conducted. The gained insights were converted into storyboards with user interfaces and tested through low fidelity prototypes in order to design a user experience concept.

The Master Thesis implied that patient generated health data could bring great potential to digital health centres. In the near future, the most relevant and applicable approach is through self-diagnostics, momentary snapshots of state of health and monitored awaiting and treatment processes. In regard to the user experience of digital health services, patient generated health data might result in more engaged patients and move the focus from doctors to patients. Furthermore, digital healthcare services might be perceived as more trustworthy and qualitative when including health data.


From January 1, 1990, to April 30, 1994, 412 patients were admitted to our intensive care unit in coma after head injuries. Our study group consisted of 37 patients who were retrospectively identified as harboring lesions or developing new lesions within a 12-hour period from the time of admission. We defined the evolution of a lesion as an increase or decrease in the size of an already present hematoma or as the appearance of a totally new lesion. There were 25 male and 12 female patients (mean age, 34.9 yr), and the cause of trauma was road traffic accidents in 32 patients. Nine patients presented with shock, and six had evidence of abnormal coagulation at admission. Patients were divided into two different groups. In Group 1, 15 patients harbored lesions that evolved toward reabsorption. In Group 2, 22 patients harbored hematomas that evolved toward lesions requiring surgical removal. Fifteen of these patients had initial diagnoses of diffuse injury that evolved in this manner, whereas the remaining seven patients had already been operated upon and had developed second, noncontiguous, surgical lesions. Patients with lesions that required surgical evacuation had their computed tomographic (CT) scans obtained earlier and had a higher incidence of clinical deterioration. There was a significant difference in the evolution of the different lesions (P < 0.001), with subdural hematomas being more prone to reabsorption and intracerebral and extradural hematomas being more likely to increase in size or to appear as new lesions. Second CT scans were obtained because of clinical deterioration in 10 patients and because of increase in intracranial pressure in 5 patients. Scheduled CT scans were obtained in 13 patients, whereas in the remaining 9 patients, the diagnosis emerged from a combination of scheduled CT scans and intracranial pressure monitoring. There was a trend toward a poorer result among the patients with clinical deterioration, which, however, was not significant. A significant proportion of post-traumatic patients, particularly those who are unconscious, harbor early evolving intracranial lesions. When the first CT scan is performed within 3 hours after injury, a CT scan should be repeated within 12 hours.


Heat management is an essential part of combustor design, as operating temperatures within the combustor generally exceed safe working temperatures of the materials employed in its construction. Two principal methods used to manage this heat are impingement and film cooling. Impingement heat transfer refers to jets of impinging fluid delivered by orifices integrated into internal structures in order to remove undesired heat. This mode of heat transfer has a relatively high effectiveness, making it an attractive method of heat management. As such, a considerable number of studies have been done on the subject providing a substantial body of useful knowledge. However, there are innovative cooling configurations being used in gas turbines which generate compressibility and temperature ratio effects on heat transfer which are currently unexplored. Presented here are data showing that these effects have a significant impact on heat transfer and new correlations are presented to account for temperature ratio and Mach number effects for a range of conditions. These findings are significant and can be applied to impinging flows in other areas of a gas turbine engine such as turbine blades and vanes. Film cooling refers to the injection of coolant onto a surface through an array of sharply angled holes. This is done in a manner that allows the coolant to remain close to the surface where it provides an insulating layer between the hot gas freestream and the cooler surface. In order to improve turbine efficiency, research efforts in film cooling are directed at reducing film cooling flow without decreasing turbine inlet temperatures. Both impingement cooling and film cooling are heavily utilized in combustor liners. Frequently, cooling air first impinges against the back side of the liner, then the spent impingement fluid passes through film cooling holes. This arrangement combines the convective heat transfer of the impinging jets convection as the coolant passes through the film cooling holes and the benefits that come from having a thin film of cool air between the combustor wall and the combustion products. In order to improve the understanding of internal cooling in gas turbine engines, the influence of previously unexplored physical parameters such as compressible flow effects and temperature ratio in impingement flows and variable blowing ratio in a film cooling array must be examined. Prior to this work, there existed in the available literature only an extremely limited exploration of compressibility effects in impingement heat transfer and the results of separately examining the effects of Mach number and Reynolds number. The film cooling literature provides no information for a full array of film cooling holes along a contraction at high blowing ratios. Exploring these effects and conditions adds to the body of available data and allows the validation of numerical predictions.


One of the few surviving texts from 'Dark Age' Britain is De Excidio Britanniae (DEB), 'The Fall of Britain', by Gildas. The traditional placing of this text within an insular sixth-century British Church has influenced a construct of Gildas as a 'Dark Age' monk or cleric, monastically educated and isolated from classical tradition and continental orthodoxy. This construct has been challenged by textual analyses from Franyois Kerlouegan, Thomas O'Sullivan, Neil Wright, Michael Lapidge et al. The intention of this thesis is to re-examine the literary context of the DEB in order to further refine the cultural legitimations used by Gildas in shaping his critical letter to the leaders of a divided Britannia. These cultural legitimations will argue that the author of the DEB draws on romanitas, prophecy and an ascetic tradition resistant to the authority of Augustine to articulate a harsh critique of the behaviour of political leaders and clergy. In doing so, Gildas appears to legitimate his text with cultural, literary and religious themes more appropriate to the late-fifth century than the mid-sixth century.


The minus-sense RNA genome of measles virus serves as a template for synthesizing plus-sense RNAs of genomic length (antigenomes) and subgenomic length [poly(A)+ RNAs]. To elucidate how these different species are produced in vivo, RNA synthesized from the 3'-proximal N gene was characterized by Northern RNA blot and RNase protection analyses. The results showed that measles virus produced three size classes of plus-sense N-containing RNA species corresponding to monocistronic N RNA, bicistronic NP RNA, and antigenomes. Unlike vesicular stomatitis virus, measles virus does not produce a detectable free plus-sense leader RNA. Instead, although antigenomes invariably contain a leader sequence, monocistronic and bicistronic poly(A)+ N-containing RNAs are synthesized either without or with a leader sequence. We cloned and characterized a full-length cDNA representing a product of the latter type of synthesis. mRNAs and antigenomes appeared sequentially and in parallel with leaderless and leader-containing RNAs. These various RNA species accumulated concurrently throughout infection. However, cycloheximide preferentially inhibited accumulation of antigenomes and leader-containing RNA but not leaderless and subgenomic RNAs late in infection, suggesting that synthesis of the former RNA species requires a late protein function or a continuous supply of structural proteins or both. These results reveal a previously undescribed mechanism for RNA synthesis in measles virus.


Abstract Objectives Psychotic disorders have large treatment gap in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in South-Eastern Europe, where up to 45% of affected people do not receive care for their condition. This study will assess the implementation of a generic psychosocial intervention called DIALOG+ in mental health care services and its effectiveness at improving patients' clinical and social outcomes. Methods This is a protocol for a multi-country, pragmatic, hybrid effectiveness–implementation, cluster-randomised, clinical trial. The trial aims to recruit 80 clinicians and 400 patients across 5 South-Eastern European LMICs: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo*, Montenegro, Republic of North Macedonia and Serbia. Clusters are clinicians working with patients with psychosis, and each clinician will deliver the intervention to five patients. After patient baseline assessments, clinicians will be randomly assigned to either the DIALOG+ intervention or treatment as usual, with an allocation ratio of 1:1. The intervention will be delivered six times over 12 months during routine clinical meetings. TThe primary outcome measure is the quality of life at 12 months [Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life (MANSA)]; the secondary outcomes include mental health symptoms [Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS), Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI)], satisfaction with services [Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8)] and economic costs at 12 months [based on Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI), EQ-5D-5L and Recovering Quality of Life (ReQOL-10)]. The study will assess the intervention fidelity and the experience of clinicians and patients' about implementing DIALOG+ in real-life mental health care settings. In the health economic assessment, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio is calculated with effectiveness measured by quality-adjusted life year. Data will also be collected on sustainability and reach to inform guidelines for potentially scaling up and implementing the intervention widely. Conclusion: The study is expected to generate new scientific knowledge on the treatment of people with psychosis in health care systems with limited resources. The learning from LMICs could potentially help other countries to expand the access to care and alleviate the suffering of patients with psychosis and their families. Trial registration: ISRCTN 11913964


The antiphospholipid syndrome, disorder in which venous and arterial thrombosis may occur, has been described in association with systemic lupus erythematosus and later in a great variety of entities, including infectious diseases. It has been described recently a high frequency of antiphospholipid syndrome in patients with chronic hepatitis C. We present a case of cirrhosis with hepatitis C virus markers and criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome, and we review the literature.


In this paper, arguments and evidence is presented which leads the author to conclude that the structure and imperfections of the financial markets does influence the course of economic growth. In particular, it is concluded that due to a monopoly structure in rural banking, an agricultural credit system which has helped induce a labor saving technology, and private and public flow of funds that impediments to rural development and incentives for rural out migration have been created. Although this is only one of a number of forces operating to cause the post war growth pattern, this financial structure is a key causative element and must be dealt with to initiate a successful rural development strategy.


EDrroR,-Although non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are a useful addition to the analgesic armamentarium, we disagree with Dermot F Murphy's view that "in most cases, the benefits of reducing an elderly patient's opioid requirement by a third will outweigh any short term reduction in renal function."' It is not uncommon to find preexisting renal impairment in elderly people due to age, atherosclerosis, hypertensive renal disease, or other intrinsic renal disease. This may be compounded perioperatively by hypovolaemia and hypoalbuminaemia, and in this group of patients no non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug can be prescribed with absolute safety with respect to renal dysfunction23 owing to inhibition of renal synthesis ofprostaglandin. As elderly people are the most likely to have multiple organ dysfunction there is great potential for interactions between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other drugs. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may interfere with the pharmacological control of hypertension and heart failure. The action of drugs such as frusemide depends on prostaglandin, and the unbound concentrations of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (usually extensively protein bound (> 95%)) are higher in elderly people. Asthma induced by aspirin is a distinct clinical entity that affects about 10% of adult patients with asthma.4 Many explanations have been advanced, but they all operate within the framework of the cyclo-oxygenase inhibition theory. Some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been withdrawn in the United States and elsewhere because ofreports of anaphylaxis. A quarter of all suspected adverse reactions reported to the Committee on Safety of Medicines in the United Kingdom some years ago were due to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs5; the range of adverse reactions is wide. We urge that enthusiasm is tempered with caution when nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used for postoperative analgesia. IAN RAPPADURAI


Motivation Directed gene/protein regulatory networks inferred by applying directed acyclic graph (DAG) models to proteogenomic data has been shown effective for detecting causal biomarkers of clinical outcomes. However, there remain unsolved challenges in DAG learning to jointly model clinical outcome variables, which often take binary values, and biomarker measurements, which usually are continuous variables. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new tool, DAGBagM, to learn DAGs with both continuous and binary nodes. By using appropriate models for continuous and binary variables, DAGBagM allows for either type of nodes to be parents or children nodes in the learned graph. DAGBagM also employs a bootstrap aggregating strategy to reduce false positives and achieve better estimation accuracy. Moreover, the aggregation procedure provides a flexible framework to robustly incorporate prior information on edges for DAG reconstruction. Results As shown by simulation studies, DAGBagM performs better in identifying edges between continuous and binary nodes, as compared to commonly used strategies of either treating binary variables as continuous or discretizing continuous variables. Moreover, DAGBagM outperforms several popular DAG structure learning algorithms including the score-based hill climbing (HC) algorithm, constraint-based PC-algorithm (PC-alg), and the hybrid method max-min hill climbing (MMHC) even for constructing DAG with only continuous nodes. The HC implementation in the R package DAGBagM is much faster than that in a widely used DAG learning R package bnlearn. When applying DAGBagM to proteomics datasets from ovarian cancer studies, we identify potential prognostic protein biomarkers in ovarian cancer. Availability and implementation DAGBagM is made available as a github repository https://github.com/jie108/dagbagM.


Background: The current study explored whether higher-(up to 8 modules) versus lower-dose (3 or less modules) unguided internet CBT for perfectionism (ICBT-P) was more effective, and the best method to promote higher dosage. Methods: Two sequential randomized ICBT-P studies were conducted with participants who self-identified as having difficulties with perfectionism; in the first participants ( N = 51) received 3-module ICBT-P or wait-list, and in the second participants ( N =55) received fixed (asked to complete all 8 modules two per week over 4-weeks) or flexible format (after completing the first psychoeducational module, participants decided how many/in what order they completed the modules). We examined impact on our primary variables, perfectionistic concerns and standards, and secondary outcomes of negative affect, body image flexibility, and self-efficacy. Results: More modules were completed in the higher-( M modules=4.36, SD =3.29) versus lower-dose ( M =1.96, SD =1.23) ICBT-P, d = 0.86 (95% CI: 0.39, 1.34). The latter impacted perfectionism but not secondary outcomes; the former impacted all outcomes (except for self-efficacy), and within-group effect size improvements were double in the high-compared to low-dose ICBT-P. There was no difference between the fixed and flexible formats in terms of the number of modules completed or impact. Conclusion: We can offer a patient-centred approach to ICBT-P that is effective, while suggesting completion of more modules can result in larger, more pervasive improvements.


Intake and exhaust orifice noise contributes to interior and exterior vehicle noise. The order noise radiated from the orifice of the intake and exhaust systems is caused by the pressure pulses generated by the periodic charging and discharging process and propagates to the open ends of the duct systems. The propagation properties of these pulses are influenced by the dimensions and acoustic absorption properties of the different devices in the intake/exhaust line (muffler, turbocharger, catalyst, intercooler, particulate filter, etc.). Additional to this pulse noise, the pulsating flow in the duct system generates flow noise by vortex shedding and turbulence at geometrical discontinuities. Several turbochargers, catalytic converters, Diesel particulate filters and intercoolers elements were investigated and analyzed by performing two-port acoustic measurements with and without mean flow at both cold conditions (room temperature) and hot conditions (running engine test bed) to investigate these devices as noise reduction elements. These measurements were performed in a frequency range of 0 to 1200 Hz at no flow conditions and at flow speeds: 0.05 and 0.1 Mach. A new concept for the acoustic modeling of the catalytic converters, Diesel particulate filters and Intercoolers, and a new geometrical model for the turbocharger were developed. The whole test configuration was modeled and simulated by means of 1-D gas dynamics using the software AVL-Boost. The results were validated against measurements. The validation results comprised the acoustic transmission loss, the acoustic transfer function and the pressure drop over the studied test objects. The results illustrate the improvement of simulation quality using the new models compared to the previous AVL-Boost models.


One of two sisters with hypoplastic anemia and increased chromosomal fragility, but no clinical stigmata of Fanconi's anemia (FA), progressed to preleukemia (with a clone of chromosomally abnormal cells in the bone marrow), and then to acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. The findings indicate that constitutional genetic instability can lead to karyotypically aberrant neoplastic clones in the Estren-Dameshek variant of FA as well as in the more typical chromosomal fragility syndromes.


A Guide toLibrary Resources about North Carolina Available through Barton College NC statistics, law/court info, maps, state government, state/regional info, literature


A 75,000-dalton protein has been purified approximately 1,000-fold from rat liver, based on its capacity to organize poly(A) in a 27-residue repeating structure. This protein may be identified with the major polypeptide component of cytoplasmic poly(A)-ribonucleoprotein (RNP) previously described. The poly(A)-organizing activity of the protein is detected only in cytoplasmic fractions. Upon nuclease digestion of the 75,000-dalton protein-poly(A) complex, monomers, and higher multimers of RNP subunits can be resolved in a sucrose gradient. The sedimentation rate of the monomer is compatible with a composition of one 75,000-dalton protein molecule and one 27-residue segment of poly(A).


Background ABO-incompatible organ transplantation typically induces hyperacute rejection. A2-to-O liver transplantations have been successful. This study compared overall and graft survival in O recipients of A2 and O grafts based on Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network data. Methods Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data were used. The first A2-to-O liver transplantation was entered on March 11, 1990; all previous transplantations were excluded. Between March 11, 1990, and September 3, 2010, 43,335 O recipients underwent transplanation, of whom 358 received A2 grafts. Results There were no significant differences in age, sex, and race between the groups. Recipients of A2 grafts versus O grafts were significantly more likely to be hospitalized at transplantation (45% vs. 38%, P⩽0.05) and to have a higher mean (SD) model for end-stage liver disease score (24 [11] vs. 22 [10], P⩽0.05). 10% of A2 recipients and 9% of O recipients underwent retransplantation. No significant differences existed in rejection during the transplantation admission and at 12 months: 7% versus 6% and 20% versus 22% for A2 recipients and O recipients, respectively; and there were no significant differences in contributing factors to graft failure or cause of death. At 5 years, overall survival of A2 and O graft recipients was 77% and 74%, respectively (log rank=0.71). At 5 years, graft survival was 66% in both groups (log rank=0.52). Donor blood group was insignificant on Cox regression for overall and graft survival. Conclusions Using Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network/Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data, we present the largest series of A2-to-O liver transplantations and conclude this mismatch option to be safe with similar overall and graft survival. This opens possibilities to further meet the demands of a shrinking organ supply, especially with regard to expanding living-donor options.


A 24-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for surgical resection of mediastinal non-seminomatous germ cell tumor after 4 courses of BEP therapy (cisplatin, bleomycin, etoposide). Although it became markedly smaller after chemotherapy, the tumor invaded the superior vena cava (SVC) and the left brachiocephalic vein (LBCV). Venogram demonstrated SVC obstruction above the azygos vein and missing LBCV. A blood return from the left upper limb was shown through thoracodorsal vein, intercostal vein, and accessory hemi-azygos continuation. Excision of residual tumor with SVC and LBCV was done through a median sternotomy. Vascular reconstruction was performed between the right brachiocephalic vein and the right atrial appendage with ringed polytetrafluoroethylene graft. SVC was sutured just above the azygos vein to preserve collateral circulation. LBCV reconstruction was abandoned because distal end of LBCV was entirely surrounded by postchemotherapy scar tissue. Venous occlusive symptoms were not seen in both intraoperative and postoperative period.


Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the curcumin containing ethanolic extract (EtOH) obtained from Curcuma longa (Cl) against retardation of wound healing by aspirin. Materials and Methods: Wound healing process was retarded by administering the dose of 150 mg/kg body weight of aspirin orally for 9 days to observe the effect of EtOH obtained from Cl using excision and incision wound model in rats. The various parameters such as % wound contraction, epithelialization period, hydroxyproline, tensile strength were observed at variant time intervals and histopathological study was also performed. Results: Curcumin containing 5% and 10% ethanolic extract ointment have shown significant (P < 0.01) wound healing activity against an aspirin (administered 150 mg/kg body weight orally for 9 days) retarded wound healing process. Topical application of ointment showed significant (P < 0.01) difference as compared to the control group. Histopathological studies also showed healing of the epidermis, increased collagen, fibroblasts and blood vessels. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of Cl ointment (EtOHCl) containing 10% curcumin displayed remarkable healing process against wound retardation by aspirin.


Objectives: To develop hybrid composite material by incorporating jute/bamboo fibers and jute/kneaf fibers in epoxy matrix. To evaluate and compare the mechanical properties of aforesaid hybrid composites using various test. Methods/ Statistical Analysis: Compression molding machine is used for preparing two hybrid composite laminates, viz, jute/ bamboo/epoxy and jute/kneaf/epoxy. The physical and mechanical properties of jute/bamboo/epoxy and jute/kneaf/ epoxy hybrid composites are found by conducting various test like tensile, flexural, impact etc. Findings: Based on physical and mechanical examination, it is observed that there is no difference in density value and volume fraction of voids. But, there is difference in tensile, flexural, inter laminar shear and impact strengths. The result of this study showed that the jute/bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy composite is successfully developed in terms of strength for the same weight compared to jute/kneaf fiber reinforced epoxy composite. Application/Improvements: These hybrid composites are biodegradable and can be utilized to make household articles and mechanical parts like gears.


Point mutations were introduced near the primary electron acceptor sites assigned to A0 in both the PsaA and PsaB branches of Photosystem I in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The residues Met688PsaA and Met668PsaB, which provide the axial ligands to the Mg2+ of the eC-A3 and eC-B3 chlorophylls, were changed to leucine and asparagine (chlorophyll notation follows Jordan et al., 2001). The removal of the ligand is expected to alter the midpoint potential of the A0/A0- redox pair and result in a change in the intrinsic charge separation rate and secondary electron transfer kinetics from A0- to A1. The dynamics of primary charge separation and secondary electron transfer were studied at 690 nm and 390 nm in these mutants by ultrafast optical pump-probe spectroscopy. The data reveal that mutations in the PsaB branch do not alter electron transfer dynamics, whereas mutations in the PsaA branch have a distinct effect on electron transfer, slowing down both the primary charge separation and the secondary electron transfer step (the latter by a factor of 3-10). These results suggest that electron transfer in cyanobacterial Photosystem I is asymmetric and occurs primarily along the PsaA branch of cofactors.


The purpose of this study was to investigate how muscle function is affected by cold environments in persons wearing cold protective clothing for the mining industry when performing work-related tasks. 15 subjects were exposed to a low temperature (-15°C) and a moderate temperature (5°C). Protective clothing was similar during both environmental conditions. The subjects performed a total of five test periods and four work periods. A test period consisted of dynamic wrist flexion and maximal voluntary contractions for wrist flexion, elbow flexion and shoulder abduction. Work periods consisted of three tasks; 1) arms above head, 2) arms at hip height and 3) lifting dumbbells of the floor and onto a case. Cold exposure led to lower skin temperatures and higher muscle activity in the wrist flexors during the work period compared to 5°C. In addition, we observed a reduced amount of local oxygenation in the wrist flexors in the cold. In conclusion, cold exposure reduced skin temperatures, which further led to minor negative effect on muscle function.


Background The higher mortality rates in people with severe mental illness (SMI) may be partly due to inadequate integration of physical and mental healthcare. Accurate recording of SMI during hospital admissions has the potential to facilitate integrated care including tailoring of treatment to account for comorbidities. We therefore aimed to investigate the sensitivity of SMI recording within general hospitals, changes in diagnostic accuracy over time, and factors associated with accurate recording. Methods and findings We undertook a cohort study of 13,786 adults with SMI diagnosed during 2006–2017, using data from a large secondary mental healthcare database as reference standard, linked to English national records for 45,706 emergency hospital admissions. We examined general hospital record sensitivity across patients' subsequent hospital records, for each subsequent emergency admission, and at different levels of diagnostic precision. We analyzed time trends during the study period and used logistic regression to examine sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with psychiatric recording accuracy, with multiple imputation for missing data. Sensitivity for recording of SMI as any mental health diagnosis was 76.7% (95% CI 76.0–77.4). Category-level sensitivity (e.g., proportion of individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (F20-29) who received any F20-29 diagnosis in hospital records) was 56.4% (95% CI 55.4–57.4) for schizophrenia spectrum disorder and 49.7% (95% CI 48.1–51.3) for bipolar affective disorder. Sensitivity for SMI recording in emergency admissions increased from 47.8% (95% CI 43.1–52.5) in 2006 to 75.4% (95% CI 68.3–81.4) in 2017 (ptrend < 0.001). Minority ethnicity, being married, and having better mental and physical health were associated with less accurate diagnostic recording. The main limitation of our study is the potential for misclassification of diagnosis in the reference-standard mental healthcare data. Conclusions Our findings suggest that there have been improvements in recording of SMI diagnoses, but concerning under-recording, especially in minority ethnic groups, persists. Training in culturally sensitive diagnosis, expansion of liaison psychiatry input in general hospitals, and improved data sharing between physical and mental health services may be required to reduce inequalities in diagnostic practice.


OBJECTIVE
To test the relationship between the presence of recommended chronic care model systems and the degree of integration among large medical groups.

STUDY DESIGN
Cross-sectional survey in 2007 completed by medical directors of medical groups nationally with at least 100 physicians and a range of medical services and who had also participated in the National Survey of Physician Organizations.

METHODS
We recruited 111 medical directors among 123 who were eligible. The survey asked about the medical group's structural, financial, and functional aspects of integrated care, as well as the presence and use of practice systems for chronic disease care as measured by the Physician Practice Connections-Readiness Survey (PPC-RS). The analysis tested the association between integration measures and the presence of practice systems, controlling for medical group attributes.

RESULTS
Ninety-seven completed surveys were returned (89.0% of 109 medical directors eligible). Measures of integration and practice systems varied widely among the medical groups. The total PPC-RS score correlated with each measure of integration but most highly with functional integration (r = 0.53, P <.01). The strongest PPC-RS component score correlations were for delivery systems redesign (r = 0.27-0.52, P <.01) and for decision support (r = 0.21-0.46, P <.05). Adjusting for organizational characteristics had little effect on these relationships.

CONCLUSION
As measured by these scales, integration seems to be related to the presence of practice systems components of the chronic care model, although simply having the potential for integration (structure and finance) is much less strongly related than evidence of functional integration.


Background and Aim : Patients are among the most vulnerable social groups whose particular situation makes their rights more sensitive in health care system. They relegate themselves totally to the health care system and trust to the health professionals. In such a context, it seems necessary to provide tools and strategies for assuring patients rights advocacy. To designe and establish these tools, participation of all stakeholders is important and crucial according to WHO recommendations. The first step in this direction is entering to the world of the particular groups involving in patients' rights practice in their daily activities and hearing their voices. The aim of this study was to explore lived experiences of patients, patients' companions, nurses and physicians about patient's rights practice. Material and Method : This is a phenomenological study based on Van Mannen's approach to investigate a shared experience from different perspectives. Data was gathered via semi-structured interviews with 9 patients, 3 patient's companions, 8 nurses and 5 physicians in a central teaching hospital in Tehran, Iran. The transcribed interviews were analyzed through Van Mannen's thematic analysis. Results: Holistic care, awareness of rights, adequacy of resources, accountability and integrated rights of patients and health care providers were the main themes emerging in this study. Conclusion: The findings of this study can reflect the meaning of patients' rights practice from the lived experiences of patients, patients' companions, nurses and physicians. This can be in use for the policy makers interested in considering their main partners perspectives when revising patients' rights monitoring tools.


CONTEXT
Femoral shaft cortical thickening has been mentioned in reports of atypical subtrochanteric and diaphyseal (S/D) femur fractures, but it is unclear whether thickening precedes fracture or results from a preceding stress fracture and what role bisphosphonates might play in cortical thickening.

OBJECTIVE
Our objective was to examine the relationship of cortical thickness to S/D fracture risk as well as establish normal reference values for femoral cortical thickness in a large population-based cohort of older women.

DESIGN
Using pelvic radiographs obtained in 1986-1988, we measured femoral shaft cortical thickness 3 cm below the lesser trochanter in women in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. We measured this in a random sample and in those with S/D fractures and femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures. Low-energy S/D fractures were identified from review of radiographic reports obtained between 1986 and 2010. Radiographs to evaluate atypia were not available. Analysis used case-cohort, proportional hazards models.

OUTCOMES
Cortical thickness as a risk factor for low-energy S/D femur fractures as well as femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures, adjusting for age and bone mineral density in proportional hazards models.

RESULTS
After age adjustment, women with thinner medial cortices were at a higher risk of S/D femur fracture, with a relative hazard of 3.94 (95% confidence interval = 1.23-12.6) in the lowest vs. highest quartile. Similar hazard ratios were seen for femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures. Medial or total cortical thickness was more strongly related to fracture risk than lateral cortical thickness.

CONCLUSIONS
In primarily bisphosphonate-naive women, we found no evidence that thick femoral cortices placed women at higher risk for low-energy S/D femur fractures; in fact, the opposite was true. Women with thin cortices were also at a higher risk for femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures. Whether cortical thickness among bisphosphonate users plays a role in atypical S/D fractures remains to be determined.


The second case of a functioning phaeochromocytoma of the organ of Zuckerkandl has been treated at Edendale Hospital. A young Black woman was admitted as a case of juvenile hypertension and a pre-operative diagnosis of a functioning phaeochromocytoma was made. The case, the importance of pre-operative preparation and the proposed follow-up are described.


When envisaging new digital instruments, designers do not have to limit themselves to their sonic capabilities (which can be absolutely any), not even to their algorithmic power; they must be also especially careful about the instruments' conceptual capabilities, to the ways instruments impose or suggest to their players new ways of thinking, new ways of establishing relations, new ways of interacting, new ways of organizing time and textures; new ways, in short, of playing new musics. This article explores the dynamic relation that builds between the player and the instrument, introducing concepts such as efficiency, apprenticeship and learning curve It aims at constructing a framework in which the possibilities and the diversity of music instruments as well as the possibilities and the expressive freedom of human music performers could start being evaluated.


The motivation behind generating multivalued encrypted values by multivalued encrypted techniques (METs) is the minimization of encrypted data redundancy. In the literature, there are METs that enable the processing of sum aggregations, selection constraints and sorting operations over multivalued encrypted values. However, we found a lack of METs for processing data groupings over multivalued encrypted values. In this article, we propose two novel METs that allow the execution of data groupings over multivalued encrypted values and we specify two novel data schemas for encrypted DWs (MV-HOM and MVSE-HOM) that allow analytical queries with data groupings be performed over multivalued encrypted values. Also, we conducted a performance evaluation of encrypted DWs stored in a cloud and results showed that MV-HOM's overhead was decreased up to 10.41% (with 16 nodes) when compared to a non-encrypted dimensional data schema, while the overhead imposed by MVSE-HOM was high (89.91% with 16 nodes).


Cognitive neuroscience is an interdisciplinary area focusing on the application of neuroscience knowledge in areas such as neuroimaging studies, computer science, psychology, marketing, business, general and special education, social sciences, engineering, biology, learning science, health, etcetra. It is a new emerging field that may help Malaysia in the move towards 2050 for the development of economic, improve levels of knowledge and education, intensify healthcare, enhance people's well-being and expand network collaboration.   Academicians, scientists, industry and educators must concentrate on the application cognitive neuroscience in their field of studies. There is a lack of neuroscientists in these fields, and concentrated efforts must come from the top down as well as the bottom up. We need to bring brain and mind sciences and neuroscience to a reputable level that will improve physical and mental health and increase creativity and innovation in Malaysia: A national institute to amalgamate the creative and innovative mind, behaviour, and brain sciences and neuroscience must be established.


Aims. V838 Monocerotis erupted in 2002, brightened in a series of outbursts, and eventually developed a spectacular light echo. A very red star emerged a few months after the outburst. The whole event has been interpreted as the result of a merger. Methods. We obtained near-IR and mid-IR interferometric observations of V838 Mon with the AMBER and MIDI recombiners located at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) array. The MIDI two-beam observations were obtained with the 8m Unit Telescopes between October 2011 and February 2012. The AMBER three-beam observations were obtained with the compact array (B≤35m) in April 2013 and the long array (B≤140m) in May 2014, using the 1.8m Auxiliary Telescopes. Results. A significant new result is the detection of a compact structure around V838 Mon, as seen from MIDI data. The extension of the structure increases from a FWHM of 25 mas at 8 μm to 70 mas at 13 μm. At the adopted distance of D = 6.1 ± 0.6 kpc, the dust is distributed from about 150 to 400 AU around V838 Mon. The MIDI visibilities reveal a flattened structure whose aspect ratio increases with wavelength. The major axis is roughly oriented around a position angle of −10◦, which aligns with previous polarimetric studies reported in the literature. This flattening can be interpreted as a relic of the 2002 eruption or by the influence of the currently embedded B3V companion. The AMBER data provide a new diameter for the pseudo-photosphere, which shows that its diameter has decreased by about 40% in 10yrs, reaching a radius R∗ = 750 ± 200 R⊙ (3.5 ± 1.0 AU). Conclusions. After the 2002 eruption, interpreted as the merging of two stars, it seems that the resulting source is relaxing to a normal state. The nearby environment exhibits an equatorial over-density of dust up to several hundreds of AU.


In light of ongoing concern about commodity specialization in Latin America, this paper revisits the argument of Prebisch (1950) that, over the long term, declining terms of trade would frustrate the development goals of the region. This paper has two main objectives. The first is to clarify the issues raised by Prebisch and Singer (1950), as they relate the commodity specialization of developing countries (and Latin America in particular). The second is to reconsider empirically the issue of trends in commodity prices, using recent data and techniques. We show that rather than a downward trend, real primary prices over the last century have experienced one or more abrupt shifts, or "structural breaks," downwards. The preponderance evidence points to a single break in 1921, with no trend, positive or negative, before or since.


The notion of a (discrete) coherent lower probability corresponds to a game-theoretical concept of an exact (cooperative) game. The collection of (standardized) exact games forms a pointed polyhedral cone and the paper is devoted to the extreme rays of that cone, known as extreme exact games. A criterion is introduced for testing whether an exact game is extreme. The criterion leads to solving simple linear equation systems determined by (the vertices of) the core polytope (of the game), which concept corresponds to the notion of an induced credal set in the context of imprecise probabilities. The criterion extends and modifies a former necessary and sufficient condition for the extremity of a supermodular game, which concept corresponds to the notion of a 2-monotone lower probability. The linear condition we give in this paper is shown to be necessary for an exact game to be extreme. We also know that the condition is sufficient for the extremity of an exact game in an important special case. The criterion has been implemented on a computer and we have made a few observations on basis of our computational experiments.


The relative sliding at the meshing point directly affects the contact and lubrication characteristics of the gear pair, and is the main cause of gear wear and power loss. In this research, for investigation of a new type of low sliding ratio (LSR) gear pair whose tooth profile is constructed by a cubic function, a Three-dimensional (3D) mixed EHL line contact model was established with consideration of the effect of tooth profile geometry, transient motion characteristics, load distribution and machining roughness. The distribution of the center film thickness of the LSR gear along the meshing line was predicted through an example the result of which was compared with a typical line contact EHL formula to verify the model. In addition, the difference was investigated in film thickness distribution, of friction coefficient and temperature rise between LSR spur gears and involute spur gears. Basing on above, there was discussion about the effect of 3D rough tooth surface on the contact lubrication characteristics of LSR gears. The results demonstrated that the minimum center film thickness of the LSR gear appeared at the alternating point of the concave and convex tooth surfaces. At the same time, compared with the involute gear, the LSR gear significantly increased the film thickness at the start and ending points of the meshing, and reduced the friction coefficient and the flash temperature rise.


We consider an assemble-to-order (ATO) system with multiple products, multiple components which may be demanded in different quantities by different products, possible batch ordering of components, random lead times, and lost sales. We model the system as an infinite-horizon Markov decision process under the average cost criterion. A control policy specifies when a batch of components should be produced, and whether an arriving demand for each product should be satisfied. Previous work has shown that a lattice-dependent base-stock and lattice-dependent rationing (LBLR) policy is an optimal stationary policy for a special case of the ATO model presented here (the generalized M-system). In this study, we conduct numerical experiments to evaluate the use of an LBLR policy for our general ATO model as a heuristic, comparing it to two other heuristics from the literature: a state-dependent base-stock and state-dependent rationing (SBSR) policy, and a fixed base-stock and fixed rationing (FBFR) policy. Remarkably, LBLR yields the globally optimal cost in each of more than 22,500 instances of the general problem, outperforming SBSR and FBFR with respect to both objective value (by up to 2.6% and 4.8%, respectively) and computation time (by up to three orders and one order of magnitude, respectively) in 350 of these instances (those on which we compare the heuristics). LBLR and SBSR perform significantly better than FBFR when replenishment batch sizes imperfectly match the component requirements of the most valuable or most highly demanded product. In addition, LBLR substantially outperforms SBSR if it is crucial to hold a significant amount of inventory that must be rationed.


Social bees collect nectar and pollen from flowering plants for energy of the adult bees and for feeding the larvae in the colony. The flowering patterns of plants imply that periods of high food availability are often followed by periods of meagre foraging conditions. Being dependent on such a dynamic food source may have serious implications for the survival of adult bees and for a steady production of brood. To adjust foraging behaviour to food conditions in the field, colonies may often have to reallocate the labour that is available for foraging over the different foraging tasks. There are two ways in which social bee colonies can adjust the labour devoted to different foraging tasks; 1) adjust the total foraging force allocated for a particular task and 2) adjust the individual effort of foragers already working on the task. An increase in foraging force for a particular task can be attained in two ways. Firstly, individuals can switch from other foraging tasks to the required task. Switching foraging tasks is physically possible and has been observed in both stingless bee and honeybee foragers. Specialising on one foraging task, however, is thought to result in more efficient foraging and switching tasks might be costly. Apart from forager task switching, increasing the foraging force for a particular task can also be achieved by allocating new foragers to the task. This assumes a reserve supply of labour that can be allocated over foraging tasks in response to stress. The objective of the present study was to systematically investigate the occurrence and plasticity of foraging task specialisation and the dynamics of forager allocation in stingless bees. Stingless bees (Apidae, Meliponini) occur in the tropics and live in colonies of the same complexity as the honeybees. With the data obtained a contribution to the basic understanding of how social insect colonies can respond adaptively to a dynamic environment is aimed. The results of this thesis show that the adaptive tuning of the colony foraging behaviour of stingless bees can involve changes in the total foraging force as well as changes in the individual foraging effort. The importance of each mechanism to adjust colony foraging behaviour seems to depend on the circumstances. Increase in individual foraging effort seems to occur mainly in situations when large amounts of food are available. Even though increase in foraging effort decreases longevity, in periods of high opportunity, when food is available in large quantities close to the hive, this might be worth the offer. Switching between foraging tasks can be mainly observed when foraging success declines. Successfully employed bees probably do not switch easily to other foraging tasks. As switching is costly, switches between tasks can be economically made when the success of the original task declined. Allocation of new foragers occurs mainly in situations of food stress or when new foraging tasks appear. By allocating non-foragers, foraging on other tasks can continue without interruption, avoiding consequent decrease in storage levels of the other commodities. This thesis contributes to the identification of the mechanisms used by stingless bee colonies to adjust colony foraging activity under different conditions and makes clear the complexity of the organisation of foraging in stingless bees.


A method to produce nanocrystalline Fe-Cu composites by means of high-pressure torsion (HPT) deformation is presented. Mixtures of micrometer sized powders of Fe and Cu with different ratios of the two components were precompacted and subsequently deformed by HPT at room temperature to a certain amount of strain. Afterwards, new samples were cut out of these previously deformed samples and further HPT deformation was conducted. The evolution of the microstructure during the different steps of the HPT process and the resulting microstructure of the composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. In summary it could be shown that the final attainable grain sizes in the composite materials in the two step process are much smaller than in the simply HPT deformed composites. The reduction of the grain size is also reflected in an enhancement of the hardness.


SERINC5 is a member of a family of multipass transmembrane proteins that inhibit the infectivity of retroviruses, including HIV-1. These proteins are incorporated into virions and inhibit infection of target cells unless counteracted by viral antagonists such as HIV-1 Nef. The only other biological function with which these proteins have been associated is the formation of serine-containing membrane lipids. Here we show that SERINC5 is a glycosylated protein and that N-glycosylation is important for its steady-state expression. In the absence of N-glycosylation, SERINC5 is prone to proteasomal degradation. Nonetheless, N-glycosylation per se is required neither for the ability of SERINC5 to inhibit HIV-1 infectivity nor for its sensitivity to antagonism by Nef. ABSTRACT SERINC5 is an inhibitor of retroviral infectivity that is counteracted by viral proteins, including HIV-1 Nef. Inhibition of infectivity by SERINC5 is associated with its incorporation into virions. Nef counteracts this inhibition, presumably by removing SERINC5 from sites of virion assembly at the plasma membrane. While evaluating the virion incorporation of SERINC5, we observed that a relatively high molecular weight form was preferentially present in virions. We used various glycosidases to establish that virion-associated SERINC5 is modified by N-linked, complex glycans, whereas the majority of SERINC5 in cells is of relatively low molecular weight and is modified by high-mannose glycans. Sequence alignment of SERINC family proteins led us to identify a conserved N-glycosylation site, N294, in SERINC5. We mutated this site to evaluate its effect on glycosylation, the restrictive activity of SERINC5, and the sensitivity of SERINC5 to antagonism by Nef. Our results demonstrate that N294 is the major site of N-glycosylation in SERINC5. Although N-glycosylation was required neither for restrictive activity nor for sensitivity to Nef per se, we observed a decrease in the steady-state expression of glycosylation-deficient SERINC5 (the N294A mutant) compared to the wild-type protein. Expression of this mutant was partly restored by treatment of cells with MG132 (a proteasome inhibitor) but not with bafilomycin A1 (a lysosomal inhibitor). We conclude that although not required for restrictive activity or Nef sensitivity, N-linked glycosylation is important for maintaining the steady-state expression of SERINC5 and that nonglycosylated SERINC5 is likely subjected to a quality control mechanism that induces its proteasomal degradation. IMPORTANCE SERINC5 is a member of a family of multipass transmembrane proteins that inhibit the infectivity of retroviruses, including HIV-1. These proteins are incorporated into virions and inhibit infection of target cells unless counteracted by viral antagonists such as HIV-1 Nef. The only other biological function with which these proteins have been associated is the formation of serine-containing membrane lipids. Here we show that SERINC5 is a glycosylated protein and that N-glycosylation is important for its steady-state expression. In the absence of N-glycosylation, SERINC5 is prone to proteasomal degradation. Nonetheless, N-glycosylation per se is required neither for the ability of SERINC5 to inhibit HIV-1 infectivity nor for its sensitivity to antagonism by Nef.