Polymer and life science applications of a technique that combines atomic force microscopy (AFM) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy to obtain nanoscale IR spectra and images are reviewed. The AFM–IR spectra generated from this technique contain the same information with respect to molecular structure as conventional IR spectroscopy measurements, allowing significant leverage of existing expertise in IR spectroscopy. The AFM–IR technique can be used to acquire IR absorption spectra and absorption images with spatial resolution on the 50 to 100 nm scale, versus the scale of many micrometers or more for conventional IR spectroscopy. In the life sciences, experiments have demonstrated the capacity to perform chemical spectroscopy at the sub-cellular level. Specifically, the AFM–IR technique provides a label-free method for mapping IR-absorbing species in biological materials. On the polymer side, AFM–IR was used to map the IR absorption properties of polymer blends, multilayer films, thin films for active devices such as organic photovoltaics, microdomains in a semicrystalline polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer, as well as model pharmaceutical blend systems. The ability to obtain spatially resolved IR spectra as well as high-resolution chemical images collected at specific IR wavenumbers was demonstrated. Complementary measurements mapping variations in sample stiffness were also obtained by tracking changes in the cantilever contact resonance frequency. Finally, it was shown that by taking advantage of the ability to arbitrarily control the polarization direction of the IR excitation laser, it is possible to obtain important information regarding molecular orientation in electrospun nanofibers.


The increasing demand for building large-scale complex and distributed systems such as Cloud/Grid computing systems accentuates the need for complex negotiation mechanisms for managing computing resources. The contribution of this paper includes: 1) summarizing classical negotiation problems and conventional negotiation in terms of the utility function, strategy, and protocol, 2) discussing the differences between conventional negotiation and unconventional negotiation, 3) reviewing and comparing the state-of-the-art developments in both relaxed-criteria negotiation, and complex and concurrent negotiation, and 4) suggesting new directions in complex negotiation and its applications.


Histories of 25 children of Hospital "San Lazaro" have been reviewed. They had eaten the fruits of the plant known as Coriaria Myrtifolia. Thirteen of these children presented digestive symptoms, nine of them suffered from neurologic signs which went from physical features to seizures and coma. The treatment was elimination of the toxic and symptomatic. Evolution was in all cases good, disappearing symptoms in the first day except in one case. The plant and its toxicity is described.


Room View is a piece documenting the view outside of my room in Manhattan, from April to March 2020. I recorded the sound in 30 days of quarantine (including radio, sirens, people clapping for the essential workers, etc.), and several views of the Chrysler Building in different weather conditions. The melting of photographs or videos is triggered by the sounds. Depicting the state of mind when I was absorbed by the view, quiet and slow. As time passing by, the sound became a way I rely on to know what is happening outside my room - in the real world. The portrait mode of the photographs inherits from the idea of how we receive and send out the information through mobile devices. The virtual view becomes our new reality.


To minimize potential wafer yield loss due to mask defects, most wafer fabs implement some form of reticle inspection system to monitor photomask quality in high-volume wafer manufacturing environments. Traditionally, experienced operators review reticle defects found by an inspection tool and then manually classify each defect as 'pass, warn, or fail' based on its size and location. However, in the event reticle defects are suspected of causing repeating wafer defects on a completed wafer, potential defects on all associated reticles must be manually searched on a layer-by-layer basis in an effort to identify the reticle responsible for the wafer yield loss. This 'problem reticle' search process is a very tedious and time-consuming task and may cause extended manufacturing line-down situations. Often times, Process Engineers and other team members need to manually investigate several reticle inspection reports to determine if yield loss can be tied to a specific layer. Because of the very nature of this detailed work, calculation errors may occur resulting in an incorrect root cause analysis effort. These delays waste valuable resources that could be spent working on other more productive activities. This paper examines an automated software solution for converting KLA-Tencor reticle inspection defect maps into a format compatible with KLA-Tencor's Klarity DefectTM data analysis database. The objective is to use the graphical charting capabilities of Klarity Defect to reveal a clearer understanding of defect trends for individual reticle layers or entire mask sets. Automated analysis features include reticle defect count trend analysis and potentially stacking reticle defect maps for signature analysis against wafer inspection defect data. Other possible benefits include optimizing reticle inspection sample plans in an effort to support "lean manufacturing" initiatives for wafer fabs.


The edge computing infrastructure has enabled a massive amount of data in the smart grid environment by a large number of connected automated devices to be processed at the edge of the network in proximity to the data generation source. The demand response management is a fundamental requirement for an efficient and reliable smart grid environment, which can be accomplished by the transfer of data between smart devices and the utility center (UC) in a smart city, very frequently. However, this frequent data transfer is subject to multiple threats including the tempering. Several authentication schemes were proposed to secure smart grid environment. However, many such schemes are either insecure or lack the required efficiency. To counter the threats and to provide efficiency, a new authentication scheme for demand response management (DRMAS) is proposed in this paper. DRMAS provides all necessary security requirements and resists known attacks. The proposed DRMAS is provably secure under formal analysis supplemented by a brief discussion on attack resilience. Moreover, the DRMAS completes the authentication procedure in just 20.11 ms by exchanging only 2 messages.


CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS) is gradually gaining global recognition as a vital technology to complement the climate change mitigation portfolio. Since CCS entered the public arena with the publication of the IPCC Special Report in 2005, most of the international prospective scenarios compatible with keeping the temperature rise below 2°C rely on CCS (e.g. IPCC, IEA). International initiatives gathering many volunteer countries are playing a key role for enabling the development and deployment of CCS, such as IEAGHG since 1991, CSLF since 2003, ISO/TC 265 since 2011, Mission Innovation Challenge 3 since 2015, SET Plan Action 9 since 2016. Quite recently the use (U) of CO2 has entered the value chain to encourage the economic use of part of the captured CO2 as a raw material for the manufacture of new products before permanently storing the rest in the deep subsurface, this is why the technology is now often referred to as CCUS, or CCS and CCU. France has played a key role in the development of global climate policies (e.g. the Paris agreement in 2015), and is involved in the various international initiatives devoted to CCUS mentioned above. It is therefore interesting to take stock of how France is preparing to develop this technology and deploy it on its territory. Are we heading towards the deployment of the CCUS technology in France?


Residential-scale ale systems control indoor temperature but not humidity. The advent of variable-speed compressors and blowers make such control possible. This paper uses a detailed simulation model to explore the tradeoff between energy efficiency and comfort, as measured by indoor humidity. Simultaneous solution of heat and mass transfer equations for the building, along with simulation of the air conditioner, makes it possible to calculate indoor humidity as a function of outdoor dew point and infiltration rate. The results presented in Chapter 4 show how indoor humidity can be lowered by decreasing the evaporator air flow rate, because the fin temperatures are reduced and remove more condensate. In a moderate climate condition (75°P indoor temperature, Soop outdoor temperature and 70 0 P outdoor dew-point temperature), indoor relative humidity can be reduced from 61 to 57% by reducing the blower speed from 500 cfill/ton to 200 cfmlton. In addition to the extra comfort, system power input, averaged over the on/off cycles, decreases for most climate conditions with this blower speed reduction. In a moderate climate (75/S0/70), average power drops from 0.S3 to 0.77 kW, a 7% decrease in power usage in addition to the increase in comfort. Reducing the compressor speed, and therefore refrigerant mass flow rate, increases EER by utilizing the heat exchangers for longer runtimes at lower Ll T's. However the refrigerant-side LlT becomes a larger fraction of the total LlT, so the effect of reducing blower speed is diluted. Overall, the system runs more efficiently but for a longer time, removing the same sensible load and latent load, and preventing shortcycling that would increase indoor humidity. In the baseline climate (75/S0/70) halving the compressor speed and reducing the blower speed from 500 to 200 cfill/ton has a negligible effect in indoor humidity, and reduces average power 33% from 0.S3 to 0.56 kW.


Introduction: Social capital is a new concept that nowadays is dealt with. In fact, dealing with this approach reflects its importance and role in psychological health and well-being. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between social capital with psychological well- being of Tabriz University students. Method: The research method was descriptive and correlational and the sample included the entire students of Tabriz University who were 15000. Based on Morgan's table, 400 people (200 males and 200 females) were selected by using cluster sampling. The data were collected by the Delaviz scale of Social Capital and Ryff scale of psychological well-being. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression using SPSS software V.16. Results: The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between social capital and its components with the psychological Well-being. On the other hand, the results revealed that the social capital and its components can predict changes in psychological well-being significantly. Conclusion: The results revealed that students who have better social capital have better and higher and psychological well-being.


The literature on skill{biased technological change concentrates on highly skilled and unskilled employees. It is unclear, however, if the employment opportunities of the majority of the labour force in Germany { employees with a degree from the dual apprenticeship system { increase or not. In addition, estimation and data problems are addressed in a topical and rich data set. The paper shows that innovation expenditures and investments in information and communication technologies lead to lower medium skilled employee shares, whereas other investments lead to higher shares. JEL codes: C24, J23, O32


Objective To document false-positive scores on the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool(SCAT3) in high school athletes. Design Pre-Test Only. Setting Six high schools in the Mid-West and Central Region of the USA. Participants The sample was composed of a total of 489 high school athletes who completedall components of the SCAT3: 157 female (Mean age=15.6, SD=1.8 years) and 322 male(Mean age=15.9, SD=1.5 years) adolescent athletes. Intervention The SCAT3 was administered to all athletes. Outcome measures Cases were identified as "false-positive" by surpassing cutoff scores using 95% confidence intervals from the sample on SCAT3 components: Standardised Assessment ofConcussion (SAC: Mean 26.06±2.34, Cutoff<21), total severity of symptoms (Males: Mean:3.24±5.93, Cutoff>15; Females: Mean: 4.16±6.96, cutoff>18), tandem gait (Mean:15.55±4.52, Cutoff>25 sec), and total errors on the modified Balance Error Scoring System(mBESS: Mean: 3.42±2.67, Cutoff>9 errors). Main results Overall, 16% of athletes (n=78) obtained scores falling beyond false-positivecutoffs on at least one sub-component of the SCAT, and only 2% (N=10) obtained two or morescores beyond cutoffs. False-positive rates on individual components were as follows: SAC:5.7% (n=28), mBESS: 5.5% (n=27), tandem gait: 3.9% (n=19), total symptom severity: 4.9% (n=24). Conclusions While rates of false positives fell generally within 95% CIs for individual components of the SCAT, the overall SCAT3 false-positive rate was 16%. Comparisons between post-concussion and baseline SCAT3 data should be based on 2 or more components falling outside 95% CIs. Competing interests Dr. Schatz serves on the ImPACT Scientific Advisory Board


The Cambridge History of Philosophy in Late Antiquity, edited by Lloyd P. Gerson. New York, Cambridge University Press, 2010. xi, 1284 pp., 2 vols. $240.00 US (cloth). Attitudes toward the study of Late Antiquity have changed dramatically in recent years. Scholars in the fields of history and literature have been revising the narratives of decline and decay, which characterize the older scholarship, and replacing them with more positive, or at least more neutral, narratives of change and transformation. Late Antiquity has emerged as a vibrant new area of study, with an ever increasing number of monographs, journals, conferences, and now websites, dedicated to the scholarly study of the period. Philosophers, however, have tended to be more circumspect (one might even say intransigent) and historians of philosophy have not been so quick to reconsider the traditional picture of late ancient philosophy. Indeed, there are many general difficulties involved in writing a history of philosophy, beginning with the question of whether philosophy even has a history. There are other particular problems having to do with specific periods, for example, the period between Aristotle (d. 322 BCE) and Descartes (1596-1650), which some historians of philosophy view as little more than an interruption of the progress of reason. Still, there are historians who see the value in studying the philosophies of the Hellenistic period (Stoicism, Scepticism, Epicureanism) and of the later Middle Ages and Renaissance, that is, the periods when the works of Greek philosophers, especially Aristotle, had been recovered in the West, first in Latin translations, and later in the original Greek. However, for the period between the end of the Hellenistic schools and the universities of the thirteenth century, the period treated in the edited collection under review, there are noticeably fewer studies. This period continues to be frequently disparaged or simply omitted from the history. The main objection is often that in this period philosophy had ceased to be philosophy and had become religion: in fact, this accusation is ultimately embraced by many of the contributors to this work. When understood in its proper historical context, the philosophy of the age, primarily Platonism, is essentially religious, and the religion of the age is profoundly philosophical. For this new two-volume history Lloyd Gerson commissioned eminent scholars to contribute chapters, focusing primarily on the period between 200 and 1000 CE, though Part I contains chapters that treat the transmission of the dialogues of Plato, and discuss figures as early as Cicero. The contributions are uniformly excellent. In addition to the subtlety with which the myriad philosophical positions and systems are articulated and examined, the contributions all display an impressive acquaintance with the important philological scholarship that informs current attempts to rehabilitate the reputations of authors and works from late antiquity. Gerson describes this work as a "successor to The Cambridge History of Late Greek and Early Medieval Philosophy (CHLGEMP) which appeared in 1967 under the editorship of A.H. Armstrong" (p. 1). Indeed, the work continues that begun by Armstrong, deepening and vastly expanding it. Armstrong's own work was something of a reaction against the original revival of the study of the philosophy of late antiquity in the early twentieth century, the spirit of much of which is exemplified by E.R. Dodds' disdain (pace Plotinus and Proclus) for the depths of superstition and ignorance into which the nobility of Greek philosophy had descended. But Armstrong's history, though it endeavoured to present the later philosophy as various developments of the philosophies of Plato and Aristotle, still tended to view the period primarily as a "bridge" between classical antiquity and the later middle ages. In its "successor" the "bridge" concept is gone. …


This article discusses the various problems associated with the derivation of mortality measures for ancient Greece and Rome. It outlines two new sets of high mortality model life tables that describe the experiences of such populations more effectively than existing models. The issue of 'demographic borrowing' is also considered, particularly the use of early modern Europe and East Asia as sources for analogies, together with the ways in which the mortality component of historical demographic regimes has been represented and interpreted.


Thomas Middleton's allegorical play A Game at Chess was perhaps the most sensational cultural event of the English Renaissance. It was so incendiary that a spectator declared it may have constituted a hanging offence, and so popular that the concept of the theatrical run had to be invented to accommodate demand. King James' response was to shut down the theatres, launch a manhunt for its author and imprison him. Middleton, considered by T.S. Eliot second only to Shakespeare, never wrote again. Despite the allegory's significance and its infamously transparent message, modern scholars have long struggled to understand it. The article seeks to demonstrate the following. Firstly, that such incomprehension constitutes a major problem for the field. Secondly, that Middleton's theme is 'life imitates art', and that this is systematically accomplished through comparing real-life events to parodic renderings of famous theatrical scenes. Thirdly, that Middleton portrays the main character of White Queen's Pawn as literally a sacrificial pawn used to collapse the proposed marriage between the future Charles I and the Spanish Infanta, and that this may well be the conceptual genesis of the chess theme. Fourthly, that those responsible for collapsing this Spanish Match were chiefly the Herbert family. Fifthly that White Queen's Pawn is a personification of a book registered and rushed into print at the very height of the crisis, and dedicated to the heads of the Herbert family, namely Shakespeare's First Folio. Sixthly, that the First Folio's portrayal as a sacrificial pawn demonstrates that it was an intensely political publication.


Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) utilizing solid and unconventional liquid fuels has now reached commercial stage as evidenced by their world wide construction and successful operation. The proposed ASME Performance Test Code 47 (PTC47) provides the users and owners of these new power plants, the guidance and procedures on conducting a performance test and evaluate the deviation from the performance guarantees. This paper reports the use of PTC47 codes in evaluating the test correction factors for the Wabash River IGCC Power Plant.Copyright © 2002 by ASME


In today's manufacturing, there is an increase in the need for fast and accurate operational production planning and scheduling. Usually, scheduling is performed several times each day, and new information,which is retrieved from the manufacturing facilities, has to be taken into consideration. Scheduling is normally performed with the aid of tools available on the market today. However, Discrete Event Simulation (DES) can address the facility's dynamic behavior with the help of data from the facility, data including both historical and snapshot data with information about how the system currently is performing. This data needs to be structured in such a way that it can be used in the simulation model. This paper presents an approach forthis problem and examples of solutions. The main focus of the research and the paper is on the methodology and system architecture


The lower Cambrian Vakkejokk Breccia is a proximal ejecta layer from a shallow marine impact. It is exposed for ~7 km along a steep mountainside in Lapland, northernmost Sweden. In its central parts, the layer is up to ~27 m thick. Here the breccia shows a vertical differentiation into (1) a lower subunit consisting of strongly deformed target sediments mixed with up to decameter size, mainly crystalline basement clasts (i.e., lower polymict breccia [LPB]); (2) a middle subunit consisting of a polymict, blocky to gravelly breccia, commonly graded (i.e., graded polymict breccia [GPB]), that, in turn, is sporadically overlain by (3) a few dm thick, sandy bed (i.e., top sandstone [TS]). Previous work interpreted the graded beds as deposited by resurging water during early crater modification. We made three short (<1.35 m) core drillings through the graded beds. The line‐logging technique previously used on cores from other marine‐target craters was complemented by logging of equal‐sized cells in photos made along the cores. Granulometry and clast lithology determinations provide further evidence for the top beds of the breccia being resurge deposits. However, the magnitude of this resurge can only be assessed by future deep core drilling of the infill of the crater hidden below the mountain.


The factors influencing 90 male and 42 female injecting drug users' (N = 132) intentions to always use a condom while having vaginal sex with a regular partner were analyzed. For male IDUs, the partner norm (beta = 0.40), the mean of the weighted control beliefs (beta = 0.26), attitude (beta = 0.22) and perceived behavioural control (beta = 0.15) were important predictors of intention (R = 0.81). In contrast, for female IDUs, only the partner norm emerged as an independent predictor of intention (R = 0.72). Thus interventions directed at female IDUs will be most effective if they change the women's beliefs that 'my regular partner thinks we should always use condoms for vaginal sex'. For male IDUs, two behavioural beliefs and two control beliefs were identified as critical targets for an intervention: the behavioural beliefs that consistent condom use would make me feel more relaxed and cleaner, and the control beliefs concerning the regular partner's openness to condom use and the likelihood that she would suggest using them.


Previous studies have suggested that children's emotion comprehension begins to develop in the early stages of childhood and has been linked to prosocial behaviours, displays of empathy, and better interpersonal relationships, to name a few. However, children's levels of emotion comprehension do not develop at the same rhythm, due to both environmental and biological factors. There are a few interventions that can help children in their development of emotion understanding, but these interventions are not readily accessible (e.g., due to cost, availability, duration). For example, the School Matters in Lifeskills Education Program (SMILE) is a theoretically based program aimed at improving children's emotion comprehension. Unfortunately, since, for instance, it requires rigorous training to be administered, it is not accessible to all. To address some of the issues with previous programs, the current study examined the use of shared book reading and the effectiveness of picture books created on current theories and models of children's emotion comprehension. Eighteen preschoolers were divided into an experimental and a control group. Over the course of multiple exposures to the experimental treatment, results revealed a significant gain for the experimental group compared to the control group. These results are promising by showing that a simple shared book reading approach can contribute to the development of emotion comprehension without requiring special training or expertise.


the art of writing teachings of the chinese masters is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our digital library hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the the art of writing teachings of the chinese masters is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Creating walkable compact cities is a global priority, and also a priority in Melbourne. There is a growing body of evidence showing that city design has a profound impact on the willingness and ability of residents to walk for transport. Higher density, mixed use developments with connected street networks encourage more local walking for transport. Encouraging active forms of transportation is not only beneficial for traffic management and the environment, but is also very beneficial for the health and wellbeing of residents. This report outlines the development of a Transport Walkability Index. Drawing on research initiated in the United States and further developed in Adelaide and Perth, we have developed and mapped a walkability index with three components found to be associated with walking for transport: mixed use planning, population density and street connectivity. This could be used by decision-makers to identify areas for renewal to increase local walkability; and to monitor progress towards creating more walkable neighbourhoods over time.


This paper presents two neural network approaches to minimum infinity-norm solution of the velocity inverse kinematics problem for redundant robots. Three recurrent neural networks are applied for determining a joint velocity vector with its maximum absolute value component being minimal among all possible joint velocity vectors corresponding to the desired end-effector velocity. In each proposed neural network approach, two cooperating recurrent neural networks are used. The first approach employs two Tank-Hopfield networks for linear programming. The second approach employs two two-layer recurrent neural networks for quadratic programming and linear programming, respectively. Both the minimal 2-norm and infinity-norm of joint velocity vector can be obtained from the output of the recurrent neural networks. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approaches are effective with the second approach being better in terms of accuracy and optimality.


A lower bound on the number of processors and finish time for the problem of scheduling precedence graphs with communication costs is presented. The notion of the earliest starting time of a task is formulated for the context of lower bounds. A lower bound on the completion time is proposed. A task delay which does not increase the earliest completion time of a schedule is defined. Each task can then be scheduled within a time interval without affecting the lower bound performance on the finish time. This leads to definition of a new lower bound on the number of processors required to process the task graph. A derivation of the minimum time increase over the earliest completion time is also proposed for the case of a smaller number of processors. A lower bound on the minimum number of interprocessor communication links required to achieve optimum performance is proposed. Evaluation had been carried out by using a set of 360 small graphs. The bound on the finish time deviates at most by 5% from the optimum solution in 96% of the cases and performs well with respect to the minimum number of processors and communication links. >


Background: Cerebral palsy is a static encephalopathy that may be defined as a non-progressive disorder of posture and movement often associated with epilepsy and abnormalities in speech, vision and intellect resulting from a defect or lesion of the developing brain. There are 25 lakhs cerebral palsy affected children in India. Aim: To assess the efficacy of Rajayapana Basti (RB) and Baladi Yoga in motor disabilities of cerebral palsy in children. Materials and Methods: Total 98 children satisfying diagnostic criteria and between the age group of 2-10 years were included and randomly divided into two groups. In RB with Baladi group (n = 40) patients were treated with Mustadi Rajayapana Basti for 8 days, followed by oral administration of Baladi Yoga with honey and ghee for 60 days. Before administering Basti, patients were subjected to Sarvanga Abhyanga and Sastikashali Pinda Sveda. In the control group (n = 40), patients were given tablets of Godhuma Choorna for 60 days. Before administering the placebo tablet, the patients of the control group were given Sarvanga Abhyanga and Sastikashali Pinda Sveda for 8 days. The patients of the control group were given Basti with lukewarm water for 8 days. Results: RB group has shown improvements in understanding ability (13.43%), speech (10%) and performance skill (11.11%), in fine motor functions such as putting small object in to a container (14.3%), throws the ball in all direction (21.8%), use of thumb and index finger (10.93%), retaining 2 inch cube in fist (19.04%), folds paper and inserts into envelope (10.30%), in gross motor functions such as in crawling (26.7%), sitting (31.7%), standing (13.75%), walking (9.5%) and claps hands (13.9%) respectively. Conclusion: Mustadi RB along with Baladi Yoga provided a significant improvement in all the parameters and has promising result in managing motor disabilities of cerebral palsy in children .


: The authors studied autopsy protocols, microscopic and histochemical data on the heart for miners who had died suddenly. No positive trend in the sudden coronary death incidence in miners was reported. A great number of sudden deaths were registered in mines. The deaths are attributed to severe atherosclerosis responsible for irreversible changes in the myocardium, coronary vascular spasms, emergence of pathological agitation triggering lethal ischemia.


If you are smiling right now, you are likely engaging the risorius muscle is, if you even have a risorius muscle. Commonly known as the smiling muscle, it serves as a muscle of facial expression. As alluded to here, it is not present in all people, and it is believed to be unique only to the Hominines, or the African great apes and humans, evolving in our common ancestor.[1]


To improve methods of offsetting the hemodynamic shifts in microgravity, applicability of breathing at negative pressure (BNP, pressure relief by -5.0 cm of water column) during inspiration and expiration was assessed in acute experiments with unconscious cats tilted head-down (-30 degrees). Direct measurement of pressure in v. cava superior and v. jugularis externa using a catheter revealed a concurrent significant (p < 0.05) growth of the parameter which should be considered a sign of impeded venous outflow from the craniocervical vessels. BNP added to the sucking effect of the thoracic cavity (the siphoning effect) and led to more massive venous outflow from cephalic vessels as evidenced by pressure drop in the jugular vein and v. cava superior to the values determined in the basic horizontal position. However, BNP did not significantly alter arterial hemodynamics, respiration pattern or gas exchange. Data of the investigation attest effectiveness of this method of moderating blood flow to the cat's head during HDT and possibility to apply it in the zero-g environment.


This article argues that it is critical to recognize the importance of northern forests in Finno-Ugric musical contexts (Finnish and Karelian) by focusing on the question of cultural survival, which is connected with thinking about global challenges, including climate change and environmental pressure. The discussion highlights cultural survival by outlining the significance of the forest, the politics of language transmission with reference to the Kalevala (the Finnish national epic), Sibelius's nature-based aesthetic (especially in Tapiola, 1926), and the evocation of the forest in contemporary folk and popular music. Overall, the main aims are to consider the resilience of northern forest cultures in the nexus of music, language, and ecology, and to emphasize that resilience cannot be taken for granted under environmental pressure.


. Sampling from a discrete Gaussian distribution is an indis-pensable part of lattice-based cryptography. Several recent works have shown that the timing leakage from a non-constant-time implementation of the discrete Gaussian sampling algorithm could be exploited to recover the secret. In this paper, we propose a constant-time implementation of the Knuth-Yao random walk algorithm for performing constant-time discrete Gaussian sampling. Since the random walk is dictated by a set of input random bits, we can express the generated sample as a function of the input random bits. Hence, our constant-time implementation expresses the unique mapping of the input random-bits to the output sample-bits as a Boolean expression of the random-bits. We use bit-slicing to generate multiple samples in batches and thus increase the throughput of our constant-time sampling manifold. Our experiments on an Intel R (cid:13) i7-Broadwell processor show that our method can be as much as 2 . 4 times faster than the constant-time implementation of cumulative distribution table based sampling and consumes exponentially less memory than the Knuth-Yao algorithm with shuffling for a similar level of security. the bitsliced sampling process. Various pre-processing options were explored with identical results.


As a calendar that uses an average calculation, Urfi calendar (takwim Urfi) is based on Urfi computation. It is agreed by scholars, that the use of takwim Urfi as a guidance in the performing of religious obligations is not valid. But because of the ease and regularity calendar computations based on Urfi reckoning, it can be used as alternatives in the discourse of international unification of Hijri calendar in Islam.


In anesthetized open-chest and closed-chest dogs subjected to plethora and hemorrhage, pressures were measured simultaneously in the right atrium, right and left ventricles, and the pleural and pericardial spaces. It was found that an increase in ventricular end-diastolic pressure above approximately 1 mm. Hg was associated with a rise in pericardial pressure of nearly the same amount. Thus, the practice of defining "effective" ventricular end-diastolic pressure as the difference between the ventricular and intrapleural pressure gives erroneous values when ventricular end-diastolic pressure is greater than a few mm. Hg. The true ventricular transmural pressure is the difference between ventricular end-diastolic and pericardial end-diastolic pressure and has a value of no more than 2 or 3 mm. Hg under all except the most abnormal circumstances. When ventricular end-diastolic pressure is greater than a few mm. Hg, the pericardial pressure at the end of systole is likewise elevated, but to a lesser degree. Thus, when ventricular end-diastolic pressure is elevated, the measured ventricular end-systolic pressure is greater than the pressure developed by ventricular muscular contraction because end-systolic pressure is the algebraic sum of the pressure developed by ventricular muscular contraction and the pressure in the pericardial space. This error in ventricular systolic pressure may be relatively large for the right and small for the left ventricle. Pericardial pressure decreases during ventricular systole, lowers the pressure on the outside of the atria, and thus, tends to draw blood into the right atrium during ventricular systole.


Paper plays an essential role in many information ecologies in the developing world, but it can be inefficient and inflexible. We've developed an information services architecture that uses a smart phone equipped with a built-in digital camera to process augmented paper documents. The CAM document-processing framework exploits smart mobile phones' utility, usability, and growing ubiquity to link paper with modern information tools. CAM, so called because the phone's camera plays a key role in the user interface, is a three-tiered, document-based architecture for providing remote rural information services. The CAM framework comprises four components: CamForms, CamShell, CamBrowser, and CamServer.


The contingency table arises in nearly every application of statistics. However, even the basic problem of testing independence is not totally resolved. More than thirty-five years ago, Lancaster (1961) proposed using the mid p-value for testing independence in a contingency table. The mid p-value is defined as half the conditional probability of the observed statistic plus the conditional probability of more extreme values, given the marginal totals. Recently there seems to be recognition that the mid p-value is quite an attractive procedure. It tends to be less conservative than the p-value derived from Fisher's exact test. However, the procedure is considered to be somewhat ad-hoc. In this paper we provide theory to justify mid p-values. We apply the Neyman- Pearson fundamental lemma and the estimated truth approach, to derive optimal procedures, named expected p-values. The estimated truth approach views p-values as estimators of the truth function which is one or zero depending on whether the null hypothesis holds or not. A decision theory approach is taken to compare the p-values using risk functions. In the one-sided case, the expected p-value is exactly the mid p-value. For the two-sided case, the expected p-value is a new procedure that can be constructed numerically. In a contingency table of two independent binomial samplings with balanced sample sizes, the expected p-value reduces to a two-sided mid p-value. Further, numerical evidence shows that the expected p-values lead to tests which have type one error very close to the nomial level. Our theory provides strong support for mid p-values.


Fairness is an important property in data-mining applications, including recommender systems. In this work, we investigate a case where users of a recommender system need (or want) to be fair to a protected group of items. For example, in a job market, the user is the recruiter, an item is the job seeker, and the protected attribute is gender or race. Even if recruiters want to use a fair talent recommender system, the platform may not provide a fair recommender system, or recruiters may not be able to ascertain whether the recommender system's algorithm is fair. In this case, recruiters cannot utilize the recommender system, or they may become unfair to job seekers. In this work, we propose methods to enable the users to build their own fair recommender systems. Our methods can generate fair recommendations even when the platform does not (or cannot) provide fair recommender systems. The key challenge is that a user does not have access to the log data of other users or the latent representations of items. This restriction prohibits us from adopting existing methods, which are designed for platforms. The main idea is that a user has access to unfair recommendations provided by the platform. Our methods leverage the outputs of an unfair recommender system to construct a new fair recommender system. We empirically validate that our proposed method improves fairness substantially without harming much performance of the original unfair system.


Transition metal oxides (TMOs) are emerging strong players in many domains, ranging from superconductivity, to microelectronics to spintronics to light harvesting for photovoltaics. Beyond their non-toxicity, low corrosiveness and low price, they exhibit a whole range of exciting electronic properties, which could be realistically exploited in new devices. Typically, TMOs are governed by strong correlation of its 3d electrons, often dressed by lattice or magnetic excitations and thus leading to complex electronic behavior. This work is focused on the electronic structure of two benchmark TMOs - anatase TiO₂ and tetragonal CuO - spectroscopically investigated by angle resolved photoemission (ARPES) and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS). Anatase TiO₂, a 3d0 system, has been proposed for many applications from transparent conducting layers to photovoltaic- and photocatalytic- devices, as well as memristors. For the performance of these devices, the charge carrier lifetime and their control is of primordial importance. By means of ARPES, the possibility to achieve a fine control of the mobile charge carrier concentration through x-ray beam doping is demonstrated. We show that the conduction electrons in anatase, and their nature, is determined by significant electron-phonon-coupling and by the number of oxygen defects. At low defect densities, charge carriers behave as a gas of weakly interacting large polarons. At larger densities, the polarons spatially overlap and dissolve into a weakly correlated Fermi liquid. The role of the electron-lattice coupling is further resolved by RIXS. The spectral signatures of phonons hint towards isotropic electron-phonon-coupling in anatase. Phonon frequency and electron-phonon coupling both show low doping sensitivity. The cupric oxide CuO, a 3d9 system, exhibits an insulating ground state with a correlation-induced charge-transfer gap and antiferromagnetism. It is, in principle, the most straightforward parent compound of the doped cuprates, and therefore has been theoretically studied as a model material for high temperature superconductivity. Bulk CuO crystallizes in a low-symmetry monoclinic form, in contrast to the rocksalt structure typical of late 3d transition metal monoxides. In this work, CuO was synthesized by epitaxial growth on SrTiO3 substrates in a higher symmetry tetragonal structure (T-CuO) much closer to the one observed in most cuprates. ARPES identifies its first ionization state as a Zhang Rice Singlet (ZRS). This is the first observation of the ZRS on a quasi 2D edge-sharing cuprate system with possible implications for magnetism and potential superconductivity in the doped phase.


The results of solidification and stabilization of industrial wastes (metallurgical slag, lead smelting slag, flotation waste, scale), from various Polish factories, with using a polyurethane binder based on PMDI and one of following components containing OH groups: Rokopol G-1000, Terate 203 or water are reported. The effects of the type of a binder and its content as well as the type of waste on the density, hardness and compression strength of moldings of utilized wastes were investigated. It was stated that the type of a binder does not influence the properties investigated at a small range of binder content (up to 5.0 wt. %). From the economical point of view, using the PMDI/H 2 O system as a binder is the most justified.


Abstract. Nonmammalian cynodonts represent a speciose and ecologically diverse group with a fossil record stretching from the late Permian until the Cretaceous. Because of their role as major components of Triassic terrestrial ecosystems and as the direct ancestors of mammals, cynodonts are an important group for understanding Mesozoic tetrapod diversity. We examine patterns of nonmammalian cynodont species richness and the quality of their fossil record. A supertree of cynodonts is constructed from recently published trees and time calibrated using a Bayesian approach. While this approach pushes the root of Cynodontia back to the earliest Guadalupian, the origins of Cynognathia and Probainognathia are close to their first appearance in the fossil record. Taxic, subsampled, and phylogenetic diversity estimates support a major cynodont radiation following the end-Permian mass extinction, but conflicting signals are observed at the end of the Triassic. The taxic diversity estimate shows high diversity in the Rhaetian and a drop across the Triassic/Jurassic boundary, while the phylogenetic diversity indicates an earlier extinction between the Norian and Rhaetian. The difference is attributed to the prevalence of taxa based solely on teeth in the Rhaetian, which are not included in the phylogenetic diversity estimate. Examining the completeness of cynodont specimens through geological time does not support a decrease in preservation potential; although the median completeness score decreases in the Late Triassic, the range of values remains consistent. Instead, the poor completeness scores are attributed to a shift in sampling and taxonomic practices: an increased prevalence in microvertebrate sampling and the naming of fragmentary material.


Driven by the recent technological advancements within the field of artificial intelligence research, deep learning has emerged as a promising representation learning technique across all of the machine learning classes, especially within the reinforcement learning arena. This new direction has given rise to the evolution of a new technological domain named deep reinforcement learning, which combines the representational learning power of deep learning with existing reinforcement learning methods. Undoubtedly, the inception of deep reinforcement learning has played a vital role in optimizing the performance of reinforcement learning-based intelligent agents with model-free based approaches. Although these methods could improve the performance of agents to a greater extent, they were mainly limited to systems that adopted reinforcement learning algorithms focused on learning a single task. At the same moment, the aforementioned approach was found to be relatively data-inefficient, particularly when reinforcement learning agents needed to interact with more complex and rich data environments. This is primarily due to the limited applicability of deep reinforcement learning algorithms to many scenarios across related tasks from the same environment. The objective of this paper is to survey the research challenges associated with multi-tasking within the deep reinforcement arena and present the state-of-the-art approaches by comparing and contrasting recent solutions, namely DISTRAL (DIStill & TRAnsfer Learning), IMPALA(Importance Weighted Actor-Learner Architecture) and PopArt that aim to address core challenges such as scalability, distraction dilemma, partial observability, catastrophic forgetting and negative knowledge transfer.


This paper investigates the gains from the use of information technology in Australia during the 1990s using a growth accounting framework. We make use of new industry-level estimates of the productive capital stock. Our analysis suggests that Australia has done well out of the 'new economy'. Its use of computer technology is amongst the highest in the world with Australian business investment in computer and related equipment growing rapidly since the early 1990s. Computer use has not been uniform throughout the economy but concentrated in more service-oriented sectors such as telecommunications, and finance and insurance. Additionally, we find that around one-half of the gains from the use of information technology can be attributed to price falls while the other half can be attributed to higher nominal expenditure. We arrive at the conclusion that Australia has experienced significant output growth related to computer use and has benefited from the technological advances in the sector through lower prices passed on to users. Thus, we conclude that there are substantial benefits to be gained from being a net user of computers as well as the more commonly mentioned benefits from being a producer.


Introduction Right ventricular septal (RVS) pacing is often recommended as a more physiological alternative to right ventricular apical (RVA) pacing. Most comparisons between the two sites have had short follow up and few trials have assessed the different pacing sites following atrioventricular node (AVN) ablation. We analysed 200 consecutive patients (pts) aged 66–96 (51% male) who underwent implantation of a pacemaker prior to AVN ablation with either RVA- or RVS-pacing between 1996 to 2016. Methods All hospital notes were retrieved and reviewed. Radiographic data for the site of V lead, all hospitalisations, change in echocardiography ejection fraction (EF), QRS width trend and lead parameters were collated. All pts additionally underwent dyssynchrony echocardiography. Results See tables 1 and 2. Conclusions (i) EF of less than 40%; (ii) prior diagnosis of IHD and (iii) dilated cardiomyopathy independently predict HF admission following AVN ablation. However, there was no decrease in EF and no difference in inter-ventricular or intra-ventricular dyssynchrony with either pacing site after up to 20 year follow up. There was a decreased mortality rate with RVA pacing following AVN ablation after longterm follow up. We now prophylactically use CRT pacing in all pts with EF 40% and known IHD. Their outcome is part of ongoing follow up.Abstract 40 Table 1 Baseline characteristicsAbstract 40 Table 2 Patient characteristics with and without left ventricular decompensation


Head-mounted cameras are an increasingly important tool for capturing facial performances to drive virtual characters. They provide a fixed, unoccluded view of the face, useful for observing motion capture dots or as input to video analysis. However, the 2D imagery captured with these systems is typically affected by ambient light and generally fails to record subtle 3D shape changes as the face performs. We have developed a system that augments a head-mounted camera with LED-based photometric stereo. The system allows observation of the face independent of the ambient light and generates per-pixel surface normals so that the performance is recorded dynamically in 3D. The resulting data can be used for facial relighting or as better input to machine learning algorithms for driving an animated face.


Shape optimization of mechanical devices is investigated in the context of large, geomet- rically strongly nonlinear deformations and nonlinear hyperelastic constitutive laws. A weighted sum of the structure compliance, its weight, and its surface area are minimized. The resulting nonlinear elastic optimization problem differs significantly from classical shape optimization in linearized elas- ticity. Indeed, there exist different definitions for the compliance: the change in potential energy of the surface load, the stored elastic deformation energy, and the dissipation associated with the defor- mation. Furthermore, elastically optimal deformations are no longer unique so that one has to choose the minimizing elastic deformation for which the cost functional should be minimized, and this com- plicates the mathematical analysis. Additionally, along with the non-uniqueness, buckling instabilities can appear, and the compliance functional may jump as the global equilibrium deformation switches between different bluckling modes. This is associated with a possible non-existence of optimal shapes in a worst-case scenario. In this paper the sharp-interface description of shapes is relaxed via an Allen-Cahn or Modica-Mortola type phase-field model, and soft material instead of void is considered outside the actual elastic object. An existence result for optimal shapes in the phase field as well as in the sharp-interface model is established, and the model behavior for decreasing phase-field interface width is investigated in terms of Γ-convergence. Computational results are based on a nested opti- mization with a trust-region method as the inner minimization for the equilibrium deformation and a quasi-Newton method as the outer minimization of the actual objective functional. Furthermore, a multi-scale relaxation approach with respect to the spatial resolution and the phase-field parameter is applied. Various computational studies underline the theoretical observations.


While previous work has identified a strong connection between tasks and digital games, very little empirical evidence exists to aid in our understanding of how tasks within these complex digital spaces should be designed, implemented, and evaluated so as to optimally support language learning. This chapter synthesizes evidence from 120 hours of in-game behavior data and 30 hours of interview data, collected in a larger study (Sykes 2008), in which 53 advanced learners of Spanish participated in Croquelandia , a synthetic immersive environment (SIE) explicitly designed for learning how to appropriately perform requests and apologies in Spanish. The chapter focuses on quest restarts, a design capability of SIEs that allows a player to repeat a task by resetting the conditions prior to a follow-up attempt. Through the empirical examination of how quest restarts were or were not actualized in participants' choices while playing the SIE, I will demonstrate that restart elements of in-game tasks for language learning are critical to the successful design of SIEs. My discussion includes attention to designer intentions versus player actualization and a focus on 'playing to learn' versus 'learning to play' perspectives.


Based on the knowledge that alcohol misuse causes a multitude of diseases and increased mortality, this systematic review examines whether a reduction of the individual alcohol consumption can contribute to a minimization of health risks within a harm reduction approach. In fact, the reviewed 63 studies indicate that interventions aiming at alcohol reduction (including total abstinence as one possible therapeutic aim) indeed resulted in or were associated with positive effects in harmful, hazardous or alcohol‐dependent drinkers. Major benefits were observed for reducing alcohol‐associated injuries, recovery of ventricular heart function in alcoholic cardiomyopathy, blood pressure lowering, normalization of biochemical parameter, body weight reduction, histological improvement in pre‐cirrhotic alcohol‐related liver disease and slowed progression of an already existing alcohol‐attributable liver fibrosis. Furthermore, reduced withdrawal symptoms, prevalence of psychiatric episodes and duration of in‐patient hospital days, improvement of anxiety and depression symptoms, self‐confidence, physical and mental quality of life, fewer alcohol‐related adverse consequences as well as lower psychosocial stress levels and better social functioning can result from reduced alcohol intake. The reviewed literature demonstrated remarkable socioeconomic cost benefits in areas such as the medical health‐care system or workforce productivity. Individuals with heightened vulnerability further benefit significantly from alcohol reduction (e.g. hypertension, hepatitis C, psychiatric co‐morbidities, pregnancy, but also among adolescents and young adults). Concluding, the reviewed studies strongly support and emphasize the importance and benefits of early initial screening for problematic alcohol use followed by brief and other interventions in first contact medical health‐care facilities to reduce alcohol intake.


Constructing maximal cliques is a well-known problem in the graph theory. Despite this problemhas been well studied for decades, few efforts have been presented in distributed computing. The main contribution of this paper is to propose a distributed algorithm, modeled by local computations, for constructing all maximal and disjoint cliques in astatic network. In order to prove the correctness of this algorithm, we use the formal Event-B method, which is based on the refinement technique. The latter consistsin enriching a model in a step by step fashion. It is the foundation of the correct by construction approach which provides an easy way to prove algorithms.


This article examines quantitative data on economic growth, market composition, deal structures, exit opportunities, and manager performance in emerging markets relative to developed markets. We find that despite recent downturns, emerging markets are experiencing overall rapid growth. Moreover, private equity investments appear to focus on companies in high-growth sectors that are underrepresented in public markets, thereby allowing limited partners more balanced exposure to a country's economic drivers. Furthermore, we find that minority investments in private companies tend to perform on par with majority positions. Finally, because fund manager performance varies widely but also exhibits some consistency, our findings stress the importance of manager selection.


Background Academic life is highly competitive and expectations of fair competition underlie the assumption that academia is a meritocracy. However, implicit bias reinforces gender inequality in all peer review processes, unfairly eliminating outstanding individuals and depleting academia of diversity. Here, we ask whether applicant gender biases reviewer assessments of merit in Sweden, a country that is top ranked for gender equality. Methods We analyzed the peer review procedure for positions awarded at a Swedish medical University, Karolinska Institutet (KI), during four consecutive years (2014-2017) for Assistant Professor (n=207) and Senior Researcher (n=153). We derived a composite bibliometric score to compute productivity, and compared this to subjective external (non-KI) peer reviewer scores on applicants' merits to test their association for men and women, separately. Results Men and women with equal merits are not scored equally by reviewers. Men generally have stronger associations (steeper slopes) between computed productivity and subjective external scores, meaning that peer reviewers suitably "reward" men's productivity with increased merit scores. However, for each additional composite bibliometric score point, women applying for Assistant Professor positions only receive 58% (79% for Senior Researcher) of the external reviewer score that men received, confirming that implicit bias affects external reviewers' assessments. As productivity increases, the difference in merit scores between men and women increases. Conclusions Accumulating bias impacts most strongly in the highest tier of competition, the pool from which successful candidates are ultimately chosen. Gender bias is apparent in external peer review processes of applications for academic positions in Sweden, and is likely to reinforce the unbalanced numbers of professorships in Sweden.


The paper describes the results obtained in an investigation of laser remelting of specimens made of 12% Ni maraging steel suitable for the manufacture of highly thermomechanically loaded machine parts or tool parts. The aim of the investigation was to establish the state of differently heat treated maraging steel after a laser repair processes including melting of the material. An analysis of the specimens with an optical microscope after laser remelting showed, regardless of the initial condition, a cellular-dendritic microstructure in the remelted track. In the heat-affected zone surrounding the laser-remelted track the microstructure varied considerably also regardless of the initial condition. A microstructure analysis supported by microhardness measurements made it possible to define several microstructural zones or sub-zones in the heataffected zone. The measurement of residual stresses using the relaxation hole-drilling method close to the laser-remelted track was used to study the influence of the initial material state on the residual stresses after laser remelting.


Detergents or surfactant are chemical substances that used for cleaning purposes. The chemical compositions of the detergents are varying greatly according to application demands and commercial competitive. The aim of the present study was to, investigate the effect of common substances, used by people in our area for cleaning vegetables and fruits. On killing some parasitic stages and also studying their histopathological effects on mice intestine. Four types of ordinary commercial detergents were used (Altunsa, Bonux, Ariel , ABC) at concentrations of 1.5, 3, 4.5 g\l against E. hitolytica , E. coli , G. lamblia cysts and H. nana eggs. The parasitic stages were incubated with the detergents used for 2, 5, 15, 30 minutes. In order to detect the efficacy of the detergents the  incubated stages were administered to laboratory mice. Histological sections of mice intestinal parts were done to find out the histopathological effect of the detergents. The detergents varied in their actions on tested parasitic stages, the most effective was Ariel and ABC type followed by Bonux. The lowest efficacy was for Altunsa type. Incubating the parasitic stages with the detergent for 2 minutes had no impact with some detergents, while 5 minutes was enough for killing the stages with all detergents. The histopathological examination of intestinal parts had not revealed any dimorphty or changes comparing to the control group except in that leaved for more than 5 minutes. The conclusion is that some detergents can be used for cleaning vegetables, killing and removing parasitic stages. Detergents do not cause histopathological effects if its residues removed thoroughly and not leaved on vegetables for long period of time.


It is well known that conventional Wald-type inference in the context of quantile regression is complicated by the need to construct estimates of the conditional densities of the response variables at the quantile of interest. This note explores the possibility of circumventing the need to construct conditional density estimates in this context with scale statistics that are explicitly inconsistent for the underlying conditional densities. This method of studentization leads conventional test statistics to have limiting distributions that are nonstandard but have the convenient feature of depending explicitly on the user's choice of smoothing parameter. These limiting distributions depend on the distribution of the conditioning variables but can be straightforwardly approximated by resampling.


The main objective of online anomaly detection is to identify abnormal/unusual behavior such as network intrusions, malware infections, over utilized system resources due to design defects etc from real time data stream. Terrabytes of performance data generated in cloud data centers is a well accepted example of such data stream in real time. In this paper, we propose an online anomaly detection framework using non-parametric statistical technique in cloud data center. In order to determine the accuracy of the proposed work, we experiments it to data collected from RUBis cloud testbed and Yahoo Cloud Serving Benchmark (YCSB). Our experimental results shows the greater accuracy in terms of True Positive Rate (TPR), False Positive Rate (FPR), True Negative Rate (TNR) and False Negative Rate (FNR).


In this study, Cu-based Mo-doped composite powder was synthesized by ball milling technique. Elemental powder mixture containing 25 wt.% Mo was milled in a high-energy planetary-type ball mill to achieve homogeneously mixed composite powder. Characterization of the starting and the milled powders was carried out using scanning electron microscopy and laser diffraction analysis. It was found that particle size of powder had gradually decreased with increasing milling duration. scanning electron microscope pictures, corresponding to the later stages of milling process prove that nanocrystalline powders were obtained after milling duration of 30 h. Prolonged milling durations lead to powder contamination, which is undesirable for contact applications, where the purity is of big importance. Therefore, optimum milling duration was determined to be 30 h.


In recent years, a progressive "cancel culture" in society, right-wing politicians and commentators claim, has silenced alternative perspectives, ostracized contrarians, and eviscerated robust intellectual debate, with college campuses at the vanguard of this development. These arguments can be dismissed as rhetorical dog whistles devoid of substantive meaning, myths designed to fire up the MAGA faithful, outrage progressives, and distract from urgent real-world problems. Given heated contention, however, something more fundamental may be at work. To understand this phenomenon, the opening section defines the core concept and theorizes that perceptions of this phenomenon are likely to depend upon how far individual values fit the dominant group culture. Within academia, scholars most likely to perceive "silencing" are mismatched or non-congruent cases, where they are "fish-out-of-water." The next section describes how empirical survey evidence is used to test this prediction within the discipline of political science. Data are derived from a global survey, the World of Political Science, 2019, involving almost 2500 scholars studying or working in over 100 countries. The next section describes the results. The conclusion summarizes the key findings and considers their broader implications. Overall, the evidence confirms the "fish-out-of-water" congruence thesis. As predicted, in post-industrial societies, characterized by predominately liberal social cultures, like the US, Sweden, and UK, right-wing scholars were most likely to perceive that they faced an increasingly chilly climate. By contrast, in developing societies characterized by more traditional moral cultures, like Nigeria, it was left-wing scholars who reported that a cancel culture had worsened. This contrast is consistent with Noelle-Neumann's spiral of silence thesis, where mainstream values in any group gradually flourish to become the predominant culture, while, due to social pressures, dissenting minority voices become muted. The ratchet effect eventually muffles contrarians. The evidence suggests that the cancel culture is not simply a rhetorical myth; scholars may be less willing to speak up to defend their moral beliefs if they believe that their views are not widely shared by colleagues or the wider society to which they belong.


Summary form only given, as follows. An experiment was set up for the study of arc dynamics and the interaction between two arcs. Two pairs of electrodes placed inside a bell jar having a height 30 in and a diameter of 18 in were used for electrical discharge. Argon plasma was produced in a background pressure of 1 to 10 torr through a steady-state hollow cathode discharge where the cathode was made of tantalum tubing, allowing argon gas to flow through. The separations among these electrodes were 8 in vertically and 4 in horizontally. The current of each arc was about 10 A. The diameter of each arc column varied from 2 to 4 cm for the constricted mode to a few inches for the diffused mode. The arcs are in the constricted mode when the operating current is high. Constricted arcs are more stable, except sometimes these two arcs may merge in the central region through the pinch effect. A striation along the constricted arc column was also observed frequently. It is confirmed that global modes can be generated by thermal instability in a constricted arc


Abstract The organic remains of many organisms do not survive the post-mortem period. This study was undertaken to identify patterns of preservation in arctic marine macrofaunas with the goal of aiding Quaternary researchers in the interpretation of fossiliferous marine sediments. The probable fate of 310 genera of marine invertebrates which inhabit the fjords and continental shelf in the eastern Canadian Arctic was investigated. The preservation potential of marine invertebrates was assessed in three ways: by morphology (presence of macroscopic hardparts); by the previous existence of a fossil record (data for genera only taken from the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology); and by the previous record in Quaternary marine sediments on Baffin Island. Considering the arctic benthos as a whole, up to 860f the genera have not been preserved and are not likely to be preserved. The fossil record preferentially preserves infaunal suspension feeding and epifaunal browsing organisms. Infaunal suspension feeding bivalves frequently contribute more than 500f the macroscopic hardparts in Quaternary fossil assemblages. The lack of preservation of soft-bodied carnivorous and deposit feeding organisms suggests that little understanding of community trophic dynamics based on the study of trophic group composition is likely to be derived from Quaternary fossil assemblages. Bivalves and gastropods inhabiting fjords and nearshore waters exhibit the greatest preservation potential of all the arctic marine benthos. The excellent preservation potential of arctic marine molluscs offers palaeoecologists the potential to reconstruct ancient marine biocoenoses in glacimarine environments.


Background: Maspin and programmed cell death 4 (Pdcd4) are tumor suppressor genes, and miR-21 is overexpressed in many solid tumors and was proven to negatively regulate a number of tumor suppressor genes including maspin and Pdcd4. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of maspin, Pdcd4, and miR-21 and their interrelations with clinicopathologic features in endometrial cancer using a quantitative approach. Methods: Maspin, Pdcd4, and miR-21 expressions were evaluated by a real-time polymerase chain reaction in 20 endometrial cancer and 10 normal endometrium samples. Results: Maspin showed a significantly increased expression in endometrial cancer samples compared with the control group and was up-regulated by a mean factor of 46.54 (SE range, 2.367-1160.26; 95% confidence interval, 0.515-15001, P < 0.0001). Expression of miR-21 was found significantly up-regulated in the sample group in comparison to control group by a mean factor of 2.312 (SE range, 0.741-7.778; 95% confidence interval 0.191-15.0, P = 0.028). No significant differences were present in the expression level of Pdcd4 between endometrial cancer and control groups. Comparison between IA and more advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages of endometrial cancer in regard to expression levels of maspin, Pdcd4, and miR-21 did not reveal any significant differences. Similarly, no differences were encountered when histopathologic grading, myometrial invasion, age, body mass index, and parity were taken into consideration. Conclusions: Association between increased maspin expression and up-regulation of miR-21 in endometrial cancer suggests distinct and tissue-specific relationships of the 2 molecules in this type of malignancy and requires further studies that would reveal its clinical relevance.


Academics have never quite understood the standards of proof or, indeed, much about the theory of proof. Their formulations beget probabilistic musings, which beget all sorts of paradoxes, which in turn beget radical reconceptions and proposals for reform. The theoretical radicals argue that the law needs some basic reconception such as recognizing the aim of legal proof as not at all a search for truth but rather the production of an acceptable result, or that the law needs some shattering reform such as greatly heightening the standard of proof on each part of the case to ensure a more-likely-than-not overall result.This Article refutes all those baroque re-readings. It shows that the standards of proof, properly understood on the law's own terms without a probabilistic overlay, work just fine. The law tells fact finders to compare their degree of belief in the alleged fact to their degree of contradictory disbelief. Following that instruction resolves mathematically the paradoxes that traditional probability theory creates for itself. Most surprising, the burden of proof, by which the proponent must prove all the elements and the opponent need disprove only one, does not produce an asymmetry between the parties. The law's standards of proof need no drastic reconception or reform — because the law knew what it was doing all along.


Purpose: The anterior mediastinal masses are composed of neoplasms from many different groups, thymic epithelial tumors (TET) being the most common type. Histologic subtype, tumor stage and completeness of resection are considered to be the most important prognostic factors in thymic malignancies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between the preoperative CT characteristics and the histological types, mostly focusing on thymic neoplasms.
Methods: Preoperative CT features and pathologic data of 40 patients who underwent surgery due to an anterior mediastinal mass were retrospectively analyzed. Patients are grouped as thymomas, thymic carcinomas and others.
Results: CT characteristics such as shape, contour, necrosis, lymph node enlargement, surrounding organization, pathologic invasion pattern, internal density, presence of cystic component, pleural/pericardial effusion and calcification were compared with histologic subtypes. Among these parameters solely pathologic invasion and surrounding organization were statistically different between the groups (p 0,05).
Conclusion: According to the results of our study, CT imaging has a limited role in predicting stage and malignant potential particularly for thymic neoplasms and anterior mediastinal masses.


Purpose
This study aims to investigate the generalizability of Daniela Weismeier-Sammer's (2011) replication study on entrepreneurial behavior and extended the model by considering the adoption of a technology platform as a moderator in the Indian family entrepreneurship community.

Design/methodology/approach
The earlier replication study was conducted in Austria, and this one has been conducted in India with 372 respondents of Indian family firms. The study has used the structural equation modeling technique for analysis purposes. The study has also used multi-group analysis for understanding the moderator impact.

Findings
Willingness to change, generational involvement, perceived technological opportunities and corporate entrepreneurship for the Indian family business community, along with strategic planning, as a moderating factor, formed the earlier model. In the context of strategic planning, this study observes a similarity, but due to the consideration of the additional moderator, the role of generational involvement has become insignificant.

Research limitations/implications
This study adds value to the overall body of literature on the family business community, digital entrepreneurship and technology adoption in the family business community. The study provides valuable inputs on the digital entrepreneurship and family business firms which could be used by entrepreneurs, policymakers and practitioners for different purposes. The sample size is small and India specific so the proposed model cannot be generalizable.

Originality/value
This study has used replication and validation techniques in the digital entrepreneurship community and new venture creation in the Indian context. Very few studies have explored the digital entrepreneurship phenomenon in the Indian family business community context. Also, the use of adoption of technology platform as a moderator enhances the model from the earlier study. Thus, this study is deemed to be a unique research study.


The process of project implementation, involving the successful development and introduction of projects in the organization, presents an ongoing challenge for managers. The project implementation process is complex, usually requiring simultaneous attention to a wide variety of human, budgetary, and technical variables. As a result, the organizational project manager is faced with a difficult job characterized by role overload, frenetic activity, fragmentation, and superficiality. Often the typical project manager has responsibility for successful project outcomes without sufficient power, budget, or people to handle all of the elements essential for project success. Ln addition, projects are often initiated in the context of a turbulent, unpredictable, and dynamic environment. Consequently, the project manager would be well served by more information about those ' specific factors critical to project success. The project manager requires the necessary tools to help him or her focus attention on important areas and set differential priorities across different project elements. If it can be demonstrated that a set of factors under the project manager's control can have a significant impact on project implementation success, the project manager will be better able to effectively deal with the many demands created by his job, channeling his energy more efficiently in attempting to successfully implement the project under development.


For future high-performance reconfigurable logic devices, we developed a novel spin-based MOSFET; "Spin-Transfer-Torque-Switching MOSFET (STS-MOSFET)" that enables the read/write performance and memorization of the configuration with nonvolatility by using the ferromagnetic electrodes and the spin-polarized current through Si channel and spin-transfer torque switching in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) on the source/drain. The read/write operation of the STS-MOSFET was first demonstrated in this work. The highly spin-polarized ferromagnet/MgO tunnel barrier electrodes and the MTJs using their structure for the source/drain showed great possibility to realize our proposed STS-MOSFET and to enhance their performance.


Selective brain responses to objects arise within a few hundreds of milliseconds of neural processing, suggesting that visual object recognition is mediated by rapid feed-forward activations. Yet disruption of neural responses in early visual cortex beyond feed-forward processing stages affects object recognition performance. Here, we unite these discrepant findings by reporting that object recognition involves enhanced feedback activity (recurrent processing within early visual cortex) when target objects are embedded in natural scenes that are characterized by high complexity. Human participants performed an animal target detection task on natural scenes with low, medium or high complexity as determined by a computational model of low-level contrast statistics. Three converging lines of evidence indicate that feedback was selectively enhanced for high complexity scenes. First, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activity in early visual cortex (V1) was enhanced for target objects in scenes with high, but not low or medium complexity. Second, event-related potentials (ERPs) evoked by target objects were selectively enhanced at feedback stages of visual processing (from ~220 ms onwards) for high complexity scenes only. Third, behavioral performance for high complexity scenes deteriorated when participants were pressed for time and thus less able to incorporate the feedback activity. Modeling of the reaction time distributions using drift diffusion revealed that object information accumulated more slowly for high complexity scenes, with evidence accumulation being coupled to trial-to-trial variation in the EEG feedback response. Together, these results suggest that while feed-forward activity may suffice to recognize isolated objects, the brain employs recurrent processing more adaptively in naturalistic settings, using minimal feedback for simple scenes and increasing feedback for complex scenes.


The symposium discussed the role of disease modification in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD)-related emphysema. Evidence from the recent RAPID trial and its extension trial showed that treating AATD patients with intravenous alpha-1 antitrypsin (alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor; [A1-PI]) therapy slowed the rate of lung density decline and had a disease-modifying effect. By modifying the course of disease, survival can be extended by several years. Dr Ferrarotti opened the symposium by introducing the topic of AATD-related emphysema, highlighting the latest epidemiological data, and providing an overview of the treatment landscape. Prof Chorostowska-Wynimko then addressed how to determine the disease modification that occurs in AATD, focussing on the clinical trial design (classical parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial design versus a 'late-start' study design) and clinical outcomes (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1] versus computed tomography [CT] lung density). Prof Chapman explained the results and the post hoc analyses of the RAPID trials; a sustained reduction in lung density decline rate that proves to have a disease-modifying effect. Prof Koczulla closed the symposium by relating current evidence to the real-life management of patients, notably how patients should be monitored and the prospect of home-based care.


We present efficient approximation algorithms for finding Nash equilibria in anonymous games, that is, games in which the players utilities, though different, do not differentiate between other players. Our results pertain to such games with many players but few strategies. We show that any such game has an approximate pure Nash equilibrium, computable in polynomial time, with approximation O(s2lambda), where s is the number of strategies and lambda is the Lipschitz constant of the utilities. Finally, we show that there is a PTAS for finding an isin-approximate Nash equilibrium when the number of strategies is two.


Valve seats fractured during testing and during service. The seats were machined from grade 11L17 steel and were surface hardened by carburization. Investigation (visual inspection, hardness testing, 59x SEM images, and 2% nital etched 15x cross sections) supported the conclusion that the fracture occurred via brittle overload, which was predominantly intergranular. The amount of bending evidence and the directionality of the core overload fracture features suggest that the applied stresses were not purely axial, as would be anticipated in this application. The level of retained austenite in the hardened case layer likely contributed to the failure.


Occasionally there appears a social phenomenon so broadly expressed, so repeatedly presented as to require no specific documentation - agreement is found among many and diverse persons, on the basis of easily observable phenomena. Such seems to be the case with the changing sex role in North American society. Where, not so long ago, there was general beUef that "men were men and women were women," and "vive la difference," now, with some unease, and occasional outright friction, there is recognition that "la difference" is slim and becoming slimmer. A perusal of contemporary society indicates that women are dressing more and more in a style resembling that of men, e.g. shirts, shorts, longpants and, in an overall sense, are tending toward undress (nudity), a style once distastefully assigned to males only. Too, an increasing percentage of women enroll at colleges and universities. More and more traditionally-male work positions are filled by females (armed services and government). There is a rapid increase in legal rights of women (e.g. voting, handling of finances). And if all these changes were not enough, there is now a Royal Commission examining ways of assuring an even closer approach to equality.


Book synopsis: The Atlas of World Art maps the cumulative traces of humankind's artistic activity and demonstrates the importance of physical and political geography for the history of the world's art. This stunning volume is the first to treat the art of the whole world from prehistory to present day and to show the importance of natural and social factors in shaping artistic activity.
The Atlas is divided into seven parts, each devoted to a specific time period: Art of the Hunter Gatherer (50,000-5,000 BCE); Art, Agriculture and Urbanization (5,000-500 BCE); Art, War and Empire (500 BCE-600 CE); Art, Religion and Empire (600-1500); Art, Exploitation and Display (1500-1800); Art, Industry and Science (1800-1900); Art, Competition and Identity (1900-2000). Each section opens with a helpful timeline for that period bringing together important dates from across various cultures. Within each section, the spreads are organized by four broad geographic regions: the Americas, Europe, Africa, and Asia and the Pacific. With dramatic full-color maps, as well as commentaries and illustrations, theAtlas of World Art is an authoritative, comprehensive, and elegant volume.


Date of Award 2019 Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Political Science First Advisor Alex Weisiger Abstract What explains the variation in retrenchment outcomes when great power leaders attempt this course of action in response to relative decline? I argue that retrenchment fails when a great power is unable to extricate itself from existing commitments and, therefore, is unable to free resources to address more critical security challenges. In broad terms, a great power might extricate itself in one of three ways: by handing off responsibility to a like-minded ally, through rapprochement with a rival, or by abandoning a commitment regardless of the consequences. I use primary and secondary sources to conduct indepth historical analysis and structured, focused comparison of two cases of United States retrenchment – from Southeast Asia between 1969 and 1975, and the Middle East from 2009 to 2015. My findings illuminate that ally availability, the outcome of rapprochement with rivals, and the ability of leaders to abandon a foreign interest provide a coherent explanation for observed outcomes. Moreover, I find that retrenchment is more likely to succeed than fail. These findings contribute to the literature by situating retrenchment within a larger foreign policy process and identifying the necessary conditions for retrenchment to succeed. More importantly, my findings deliver policy-relevant knowledge to decision makers by providing an analytic framework for assessing the utility of retrenchment. Recommended Citation Robison, Travis E., "Security With Solvency: Retrenchment And Strategic Reorientation" (2019). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 3270. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3270  Download


The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of copper nanoparticles (CuNP) supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), goblet cell (GC) count, stress hormones and oxidant/antioxidant balance of broilers exposed to cold stress. One day old broiler chickens (n=400) were allocated into five different groups and were raised under standard conditions until the 21st day. The five groups were designated as thermo-neutral (TN reared in 26°C), cold stress (CS raised under 13°C±2°C for 8 hours/day from d 22- d 35), CS5 (CS+ 5mg/kg diet CuNP), CS10 (CS+10mg/kg diet CuNP) and CS15 (CS+15mg/kg diet CuNP). On 35th day, 16 birds per group were selected randomly for blood collection and were then humanely sacrificed for tissue sample collection. CS group had a reduced (P<0.05) body weight (BW), villus surface area (VSA), villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH: CD) but had a higher (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR), goblet cell count, serum corticosterone and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels than the TN group. Inclusion of CuNP in diet linearly increased (P<0.05) BW, VH, VW, CD, VSA and GC count in jejunum and ileum. Conversely, MDA and corticosterone hormone levels and FCR, decreased linearly (P<0.05) with CuNP supplementation. In conclusion, during cold stress conditions, CuNP is a valuable feed additive in broilers with positive effects on growth performance and intestinal morphology.


This paper focuses on sustainable transportation of prefab products from factories to construction sites by ship. Since the transportation cost for all the prefab products of a construction site is mainly dependent on the number of cargo holds used on ships, a loading plan for prefab products that minimizes the number of holds required is highly desirable. This paper is therefore devoted to the development of an optimal loading plan that decides which prefab products are loaded into each cargo hold and how to pack these prefab products into the holds so that as few holds as possible are used. We formulate the problem as a large-scale integer optimization model whose objective function is to minimize the total number of cargo holds used and whose constraints represent the cargo hold capacity limits. We develop a heuristic to solve the problem and obtain a high-quality solution. We have tested the model and algorithm on a case study that includes 20 prefab products. We find that different cargo holds carry prefab products that have quite different densities. Moreover, the orientations of many prefab products are different from their default orientations. The results demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model and algorithm.


Introduction. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of both PETTLEP imagery and video-observation on
the motivation of badminton players using a multiple-baseline across-participants design. Material and methods. Four
badminton players were examined. The Situational Intrinsic Motivation Scale was employed to measure participants'
situational motivation toward a badminton service activity. The imagery intervention consisted of twelve imagery
sessions (two per week for 6 weeks), and the video-observation intervention involved 6 video-observation sessions (two
per week for 3 weeks). Video-observation was administered using a multiple-baseline design commencing at Week 4 for
Participants 3 and 4 and at Week 7 for Participants 1 and 2, respectively. Results. Visual inspection of results, means
scores and effect size calculations suggested increases in self-determined forms of motivation (e.g. intrinsic motivation)
for three badminton players, and decreases in less self-determined types of motivation (e.g. extrinsic motivation) for
three of the four participants during the imagery intervention. Data also showed greater increases in self-determined
forms of motivation for three participants, and greater decreases in less self-determined types of motivation for two of
the participants during the imagery + video-observation period. Conclusion. These findings supported the use


Bending analysis of thick laminated rectangular plates with various boundary conditions is presented using Generalized Differential Quadrature (GDQ) method. Based on the Reissner first order shear deformation theory, the governing equations include a system of eight first order partial differential equations in terms of unknown displacements, forces and moments. Presence of all plate variables in the governing equations provide a simple procedure to satisfy different boundary condition during application of GDQ method to obtain accurate results with relatively small number of grid points even for plates with free edges .Illustrative examples including various combinations of clamped, simply supported and free boundary condition are given to demonstrate the accuracy and convergence of the presented GDQ technique. Results are compared with other analytical and finite element predictions and show reasonably good agreement.


Counterfactuals (or what-if scenarios) are often employed as security arguments, but the dos and don'ts of their use are poorly understood. They are useful to discuss vulnerability of systems under threats that haven't yet materialized, but they can also be used to justify investment in obscure controls. In this paper, we shed light on the role of counterfactuals in security, and present conditions under which counterfactuals are legitimate arguments, linked to the exclusion or inclusion of the threat environment in security metrics. We provide a new paradigm for security reasoning by deriving essential questions to ask in order to decide on the acceptability of specific counterfactuals as security arguments, which can serve as a basis for further study in this field. We conclude that counterfactuals are a necessary evil in security, which should be carefully controlled.


Remote collaboration has many benefits; however, due to the geographical distribution of learners, many misunderstandings can occur during interaction. For example, learners may miss the context of the discussion or do not hear parts of it, leading to inefficient discussions. In this paper, we propose an "Enriched Cyberspace" approach for dependable web based computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL) to overcome these problems. The system based on the approach assesses the situations of remote users through fusing information of multiple biological sensors and the related general contexts to enrich the cyberspace. A formative scenario evaluation demonstrates the feasibility and usefulness of the approach for developing effective web-based CSCL systems.


This study employed the Ricardian approach to measure the economic impacts of climate change on farm net revenue in Egypt. Farm net revenue were regressed against climate, soil, socioeconomic and hydrological variables to determine which factors influence the variability of farm net revenues. 900 households from 20 governorates were interviewed. The standard Ricardian model was applied, in addition to three other models, each representing an adaptation option that could be used to reduce the harmful effects of temperature stress. A further adaptation strategy was tested: raising livestock on the farm to cope with the harmful effects of climate change. Besides this, the effects of two climate change scenarios (using MAGICC/SCENGEN and GCMs-General Circulation Models) were considered. The results from the two climate change scenarios showed that high temperatures will constrain agricultural production in Egypt. Irrigation and technology are therefore the recommended adaptation options. However, warming may also affect water resources and that would pose another problem for agricultural production. A policy should be developed to cope with the adverse effects of climate change on agriculture. It should focus on three areas: crop management, water management, and land management. The favored option for adapting to increased temperatures is irrigation. Some farmers adjust their crop sowing dates to avoid the expected high temperatures. To adjust to shortages in rainfall, farmers use crop varieties with high water use efficiency and early maturing varieties.


We present a system for bilingual Data-ToText Generation and Semantic Parsing. We use a text-to-text generator to learn a single model that works for both languages on each of the tasks. The model is aided by machine translation during both pre-training and fine-tuning. We evaluate the system on WebNLG 2020 data1, which consists of RDF triples in English and natural language sentences in English and Russian for both the tasks. We achieve considerable gains over monolingual models, especially on unseen relations and Russian.


Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is an active remote sensing satellite which is able to acquire cloud free images in all weather conditions. It is also capable of night time operation. Sentinel-1 data is one of SAR data which is good for monitoring natural resources in area with high cloud cover throughout the year. Processing the data until mosaic product needs good methods and right procedure. An highlight processes to remove noise through border of GRD data scene necessary to do because the processing chain from raw data into L1 GRD (Ground Range Detected) products were leading to artefacts at the near and far range image borders. The artefacts were not visible at a glance in the raw data but, observable clearly after performing mosaic a sets of data. Some methods to fix the problem are available to use such as common noise removal methods. This paper analysed methods to do noise removal i.e. using a tool in ESA's provided Sentinel-1 software (Sentinel Application Platform - SNAP) and proposed noise removal method using simple thresholding and segmentation process. The mosaic products results from both method shown good results visually but the detailed histogram shown that the S-1 Remove GRD Border Noise results still have a very low value pixels in the black-fill area while the Random Noise Removal removed all of the noise. PSNR of raw data mosaic, GRD Border Noise and Random Noise Removal results sequentially 8.5, 18.6 and 19.7 dB indicated that Random Noise Removal get the highest similarity to reference data.


We report high resolution angle-resolved photo-emission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements of detwinned FeSe single crystals. The application of a mechanical strain is used to promote the volume fraction of one of the orthorhombic domains in the sample, which we estimate to be 80 % detwinned. While the full structure of the electron pockets consisting of two crossed ellipses may be observed in the tetragonal phase at temperatures above 90 K, we find that remarkably, only one peanut-shaped electron pocket oriented along the longer a axis contributes to the ARPES measurement at low temperatures in the nematic phase, with the expected pocket along b being not observed. Thus the low temperature Fermi surface of FeSe as experimentally determined by ARPES consists of one elliptical hole pocket and one orthogonally-oriented peanut-shaped electron pocket. Our measurements clarify the long-standing controversies over the interpretation of ARPES measurements of FeSe.