Sediment transport is a geophysical phenomenon that sediment particles are driven to move in streamwise and vertical directions by the corresponding forces. Almost all existing formulae of sediment transport were derived based on the assumption that sediment transport can be fully expressed by streamwise parameters like velocity or boundary shear stress etc., whilst the vertical parameters are not included, like the variation of water depth (pressure) over time and space, vertical velocity or seepage. This paper investigates the effect of vertical motion on sediment transport, it was found that the vertical motion can be well represented by a vertical velocity and the upward velocity increases particles' mobility, and the downward motion increases its stability. Decelerating flows can promote the upward flow and vice versa, this is why severe erosion always occurs in decelerating flows. New equations were developed to express the influence of vertical motion on sediment transport, in which streamwise and vertical parameters are included. A reasonably good agreement between the measured and predicted sediment transport was achieved.


The presence of two red clumps (RCs) in high latitude fields of the Milky Way bulge is interpreted as evidence for an X-shaped structure originated from the bar instability. Here we show, however, that this double RC phenomenon is more likely to be another manifestation of multiple populations observed in globular clusters (GCs) in the metal-rich regime. As in the bulge GC Terzan 5, the helium enhanced second generation stars (G2) in the classical bulge component of the Milky Way are placed on the bright RC, which is about 0.5 mag brighter than the normal RC originated from the first generation stars (G1), producing the observed double RC. In a composite bulge, where a classical bulge can coexist with a boxy pseudo bulge, our models can also reproduce key observations, such as the dependence of the double RC feature on metallicity and Galactic latitude and longitude. If confirmed by Gaia trigonometric parallax distances, this would indicate that the Milky Way bar is not sufficiently buckled to form the X-shaped structure in the bulge, and suggest that the early-type galaxies would be similarly prevailed by super-helium-rich subpopulation.


The larger RNA segment of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV: Australian strain 002-73) has been characterized by cDNA cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis. We believe IBDV is the first birnavirus to be sequenced and so have confirmed the coding region by N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of intact viral proteins and several tryptic peptide fragments. The large RNA segment encodes in order the 37-kDa, 28-kDa and 32-kDa proteins within a continuous open reading frame and the primary translation product appears to be subsequently processed into the mature viral proteins. The large protein precursor is still processed into the 32-kDa host protective immunogen when expressed as a fusion protein in E. coli. These results are in marked contrast to the predictions from in vitro translation data that birnavirus genomes are expressed as polycistronic templates. We can now propose that birnaviruses, in particular IBDV, possess monocistronic segments and that the precursor is proteolytically processed in vivo. The sequence data presented for the 32-kDa host protective immunogen may provide the basic information needed for the production of an effective subunit vaccine against this commercially important virus.


The effect of different system parameters (viz. static bed height, fluidization velocity, reaction time etc.) on reaction kinetics which affects the conversion or yield of product in a fluidized bed reactor has been studied. The graphical abstract of the reactor has been drawn.
The MAT LAB coding has been developed based on the data of the reactor system. With the help of this coding, the effect of variation of time, bed height and flow rate on conversion and rate constant has been observed.
The behaviour of the cold-model fluidized bed gasifier unit has been studied by considering the different system parameters (viz. Hs, dp, ρs). Experiments were carried out using a Perspex column of 15cm and 30 cm inside diameter for the dense and free board section respectively. Column height is selected as 195cm. Attempts have been made to develop correlations for the Equivalence Ratio and Euler's number by varying different system parameters on the basis of dimensionless analysis. The Equivalence Ratio and Euler's
number were also calculated through the MAT LAB programming. The calculated values of
the Equivalence Ratio and Euler's number obtained through the dimensionless analysis and MAT LAB programming have been compared with the experimentally measured values for
which the percentage of deviations are found to be well within the allowable limits indicating a very good approximation. Comparison of calculated values of Equivalence ratio and Euler's number with the experimentally observed values of the same gives the standard deviations to be 1.89% and 10.8% respectively. Chi-square (ξ2) test gives 0.0002 and 18685.04 for Equivalence Ratio and Euler's number respectively indicating the correlation fit to be satisfactory. Thus it can be concluded that these developed correlations can be applied over a wide range of parameters for the industrial uses and for the pilot plant unit with a suitable scale-up factor. The carbon conversion efficiency of the hot-model fluidized bed gasifier unit is found out to be 81.7% using saw dust as the biomass material.


A model that effectively captures the relay decoding error is proposed for a distributed turbo code (DTC) over a cooperative relay channel. The model consists of a memoryless binary symmetric channel (BSC) placed before the relay encoder, hence called pre-BSC. Accordingly the required iterative decoder is derived that consists of an extra update function to be applied on extrinsic information before their exchange. The derived update function is in form of a smooth clipping and therefore the overall decoder is called clipped iterative decoder (clipped ED). Clipped ID is robust to the relay decoding error and is able to significantly improve the final performance, especially when source-to-relay link becomes erroneous.


Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most commonly clinically-encountered arrhythmia. Catheter ablation of AF is mainly based on trigger elimination and modification of the AF substrate. Substrate mapping ablation of complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAEs) has emerged to be a promising technique. To improve substrate mapping based on CFAE analysis, automatic detection algorithms need to be developed in order to simplify and accelerate the ablation procedures. According to the latest studies, the level of fractionation has been shown to be promisingly well estimated from CFAE measured during radio frequency (RF) ablation of AF. The nature of CFAE is generally nonlinear and nonstationary, so the use of complexity measures is considered to be the appropriate technique for the analysis of AF records. This work proposes the use of sample entropy (SampEn), not only as a way to discern between non-fractionated and fractionated atrial electrograms (A-EGM), Entropy 2015, 17 7494 but also as a tool for characterizing the degree of A-EGM regularity, which is linked to changes in the AF substrate and to heart tissue damage. The use of SampEn combined with a blind parameter estimation optimization process enables the classification between CFAE and non-CFAE with statistical significance (p < 0:001), 0.89 area under the ROC, 86% specificity and 77% sensitivity over a mixed database of A-EGM combined from two independent CFAE signal databases, recorded during RF ablation of AF in two EU countries (542 signals in total). On the basis of the results obtained in this study, it can be suggested that the use of SampEn is suitable for real-time support during navigation of RF ablation of AF, as only 1.5 seconds of signal segments need to be analyzed.


Abstract Short-term exposure to major air pollutants can increase the risk of acute exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. However, evidence on the mechanism of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) caused by air pollutants is still limited. A total of 78 patients with stable COPD and 58 healthy controls were recruited in Peking University Third Hospital in China from December 2014 to January 2015. The correlation and lag effect over 7 days (lag1–7) of 6 air pollutants with clinical symptoms and inflammatory markers in induced sputum were analyzed. PM2.5, NO2 and CO were positively correlated with the COPD assessment test (CAT) score at lag 5, PM10 was positively correlated with the CAT score at lag 3, MMP-9 and IL-8 were positively correlated with PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 at lag 2, and CO was positively correlated with each other marker at lag 4. Short-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and CO can cause a neutrophil-mediated airway inflammatory response, followed by increased clinical symptoms. If the PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and CO exposure levels increase during air pollution monitoring, the early usage of medication or reduction of exposure to pollutants can effectively reduce the clinical symptoms of patients.


Objectives: The aim was to investigate the hypothesis that fetal heart rate parameters analyzed by computerized cardiotocography is correlated to myocardial injury detected by elevated fetal cardiac troponin T (cTnT) in severe placental insufficiency. Methods: Twenty eight singleton pregnancies with severe placental dysfunction characterized by abnormal umbilical artery (pulsatility index > 95p) Doppler were prospectively studied. The following variables were analyzed: maternal age, parity, birth weight and gestational age at delivery. The computerized cardiotocography (Sonicaid Fetalcare) was performed and 30 minutes analysis was evaluated. Immediately after delivery, UA blood samples were obtained for the measurement of cardiac troponin T (cTNT) levels. Results: The mean maternal age was 28.1 years (SD = 7.6) and 46.4% were nulliparous. The mean gestational age at delivery was 32.4 weeks (SD = 4.0 weeks) and the mean birth weight was 1364 g (SD = 601 g). The group with abnormal cTnT levels (> 0.09 ng/mL, n = 13) presented higher basal fetal heart rates (146bpm versus 139, P = 0.02) and lower short term variation (4.0 ms versus 6.7 ms, P = 0.018). We also found more episodes of transient acceleration in the group without myocardial injury (80% versus 38.5%, P = 0.03). No significant correlation was found between high episodes duration (min) (P = 0.16); low episodes duration (min) (P = 0.17) and Redman and Dawes criteria met (P = 0.14). Conclusions: These results indicate relation between FHR parameters and fetal cTnT at birth, suggesting that FHR parameters analyzed by computerized cardiotocography may be useful in diagnosis of fetal myocardial injury. Studies with larger number of cases may clarify the patterns of FHR in cases with fetal myocardial injury.


We present a framework, called AgentJ that extends the NS-2 platform to support the simulation and performance analysis of Java network applications. We particularly focus on the simulation of P2P networks and have already integrated the P2PS middleware for the simulation of super-peer networks for discovering participants in large scale Internet applications, which has a high significance for distributed multimedia applications to enable overlays for the discovery and searching across large numbers of distributed multimedia resources. AgentJ builds upon the numerous years of networking research with NS-2 and leverages the Protolib toolkit from NRL to facilitate the passing of real data between NS-2 nodes, thereby creating a platform for the simulation of content-based middleware and applications. AgentJ currently supports UDP unicast and multicast and maintains compatible programming interfaces with the standard Java network package as well as the NS-2 scripting interfaces employed for staging simulations


This paper reports on a series of household water-use case studies around the city of Cochabamba in Bolivia. In particular it examines the multiple use of domestic water supplies, and the use by families of multiple sources to meet their water needs for both domestic and productive activities. As the city expands, it is argued that productive water uses such as irrigation of gardens or huertas are likely to make significant demands upon new domestic water supply systems. These uses are equally likely to have an important impact, whether positive or negative depending on your viewpoint, on the overall availability of water resources as well as on the livelihoods of urban and peri-urban water users.


Major fluctuations of hydroclimate in West Greenland are recorded in palaeoshoreline terraces that encircle several lakes near Kangerlussuaq, Greenland (67°01′N, 50°40′W). Geomorphic and stratigraphic analyses were used to construct a lake-level curve for Hunde Sø, a large closed-basin lake in this region. Changes in lake volume associated with lake-level fluctuations were calculated, and a water-balance model was used to determine the primary factors influencing lake volume and the changes in those factors necessary to affect reconstructed lake-level change. Sensitivity tests suggest that mean annual precipitation and the relative proportion of summer versus winter precipitation are the primary climate drivers of lake-level change. Temperature effects are less important unless coupled with changes in one of the other variables. Two pluvial periods occurred centred around 4600 and 2000 cal. yr BP, with mean annual precipitation estimated at 130 mm and 70 mm higher than modern, respectively. In contrast, a low-stand prior to 6070 cal. yr BP with water levels as much as 18 m below modern was a result of summer temperatures ~ 2—3° above modern, coupled with a 14 day increase in the length of the ice-off period and a reduction in mean annual precipitation of ~80 mm relative to modern.


Many hormones that stimulate intracellular signaling pathways utilizing the second messenger cAMP affect gene expression in target cells through the activation of cAMP-responsive transcriptional regulatory proteins. Two of the best characterized of these are the cAMP-response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) and the CRE-modulatory protein (CREM). CREB and CREM are expressed as a family of proteins that have diverse activities in either stimulating or repressing gene transcription. In this study we examined the expression and regulation of the CREM gene in the rat ovary and in granulosa cells, to determine whether repressor isoforms of CREM might have a role in the LH-mediated suppression of inhibin alpha-subunit gene expression that occurs just before ovulation. We found that the predominant CREM mRNAs in the ovary correspond to previously described internal transcripts of the CREM gene that encode the inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER). ICER mRNAs are strongly induced in the ovary by exogenous gonadotropins in immature rats and are transiently expressed in the ovary immediately after the preovulatory LH surge in adult cycling rats. Although ICER is expressed in multiple ovarian cell types, expression in granulosa cells is observed only in response to LH stimulation. ICER mRNAs are also induced by the activation of cAMP-signaling pathways in cultured primary granulosa cells. To determine whether ICER can act as a functional repressor to modulate potential target genes such as the inhibin alpha-subunit gene, an ICER expression construct was transiently co-transfected into a granulosa cell line along with an inhibin alpha-subunit promoter-luciferase reporter gene. Both basal and cAMP-induced expression of the inhibin alpha-subunit promoter were suppressed by ICER. These studies reveal that CREM, a tissue-specific factor, is expressed and regulated by gonadotropins in the ovary, that the predominant CREM transcripts encode the repressor protein ICER, and that ICER is capable of inhibiting cAMP-induced expression of the inhibin alpha-subunit gene. Our findings are consistent with a role for repressors such as ICER in mediating the suppression of inhibin alpha-subunit gene expression that occurs in the ovary at the time of the preovulatory LH surge.


Information on the response of assimilation rate to environmental factors is lacking for many less competitive weed species that need to be considered in the context of increasing farm biodiversity. A pot experiment was sown to parameterize gross assimilation rate at light saturation and initial light use efficiency for 14 common UK annual weeds and winter wheat at four leaf temperatures. Field experiments were also sown to measure inter-specific differences in specific leaf area (SLA), leaf nitrogen content and assimilation rates in the field at near-optimum temperatures. A generic relationship describing the response of assimilation rate to temperature and light using SLA and leaf nitrogen content as conversion factors successfully predicted inter-specific differences in assimilation rates in the field. This relationship could be incorporated into weed-crop competition models to predict the productivity and competitive impact of weed mixtures, including species outside the current data set. Assimilation rates at light saturation in the field were determined largely by SLA. This trait was variable between species and within a species across the growing season and needs to be well described in mechanistic competition models to accurately calculate instantaneous assimilation rates.


Introduction: Neonatal brain abscess is an uncommon intracranial suppuration that usually occurs as a complication of bacterial meningitis or septicaemia. Staphylococcus aureus rarely causes brain abscesses during the first months of life. Case presentation: A case of a premature infant who developed cerebellar, left temporal and left occipital lobe abscesses after S. aureus sepsis is presented. The pus provided the same S. aureus strain of the sepsis. The patient was treated with vancomycin for 37 days, accompanied by extraction of the purulent material. The abscesses resolved and no sequelae remained. Conclusion: It appears that long antibiotic treatment regimes, when associated with early pus drainage, are effective in resolving infection and abscesses caused by S. aureus in neonates.


The paper examines the urban growth patterns of two coastal fishing towns in southern Portugal: Olhao and Vila Real de Santo Antonio. The goal is to investigate the relationship between the configurational and network properties of the urban forms in order to identify generative or emergent patterns, understanding their particular urban morphology. The Space Syntax Theory, applied to the syntactical modelling of these towns, is used to understand the urban processes. Topological variables, such as connectivity, integration and intelligibility, are calculated by DepthMap Software and the Theory of the "Deformed Wheel" is used to represent the evolutionary trends and to identify generic rules. The study is developed by comparing the two urban networks in two moments of their evolution, first in the mid-20th century, which corresponds to the historic core, and second corresponding to the present day. The main results demonstrate a contrast between the segregated network of Olhao's irregular historic centre and the integrated network of Vila Real de Santo Antonio's regular historic centre, revealed by the value of integration variable. The urban expansion of these towns during the last decades decreased the value of integration and aggravated the intelligibility of the urban fabric. The application of syntactic approaches, with quantitative analysis, aims to complement the traditional procedures of the History of Urbanism, developing an operational method adaptable to the study of urban morphology.


Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1) is a transcription factor that regulates insulin expression and islet maintenance in the adult pancreas. Our recent studies demonstrate that PDX-1 is an oncogene for pancreatic cancer and is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that PDX-1 is a therapeutic target for both hormonal symptoms and tumor volume in mouse models of pancreatic cancer, insulinoma and islet neoplasia. Immunohistochemistry of human pancreatic and islet neoplasia specimens revealed marked PDX-1 overexpression, suggesting PDX-1 as a "drugable" target within these diseases. To do so, a novel RNA interference effector platform, bifunctional shRNAPDX-1, was developed and studied in mouse and human cell lines as well as in mouse models of pancreatic cancer, insulinoma and islet neoplasia. Systemic delivery of bi-shRNAhumanPDX-1 lipoplexes resulted in marked reduction of tumor volume and improved survival in a human pancreatic cancer xenograft mouse model. bi-shRNAmousePDX-1 lipoplexes prevented death from hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycemia in an insulinoma mouse model. shRNAmousePDX-1 lipoplexes reversed hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycemia in an immune-competent mouse model of islet neoplasia. PDX-1 was overexpressed in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and nesidioblastosis. These data demonstrate that PDX-1 RNAi therapy controls hormonal symptoms and tumor volume in mouse models of pancreatic cancer, insulinoma and islet neoplasia, therefore, PDX-1 is a potential therapeutic target for these pancreatic diseases.


OBJECTIVE: Report a case of Krabbés disease with necropsy. METHODS: Review of medical and necropsy records. RESULTS: An 8 months-old male patient developed tremors, swallowing difficulty and excessive salivation for 4 months prior to admission, evolving with vomiting and fever. Physical examination showed microcephaly and diffuse pigmentation of the retinae. Neurological examination showed flexion of upper limbs with spastic hyperthony, symmetrical global hyperreflexia, nystagmus and spontaneous spasms. EEG showed multifocal irritative activity. There was increase in both CSF protein and gamaglobulin. The patient evolved with transitory hyperthermia, vomiting and pneumopathy, dying on the 23rd day after admission. Post mortem studies revealed microcephaly with widening of brain sulci. Histological examination revealed several globoid cells in the deep portion of the white matter, reactive gliosis and demyelination. CONCLUSIONS: These findings were similar to those in the world literature, indicating a poor prognosis due to substantial brain damage.


'Kama' means desire. The desire to do something is supressed, in kamala . Alternately ' Kamala ' is the disease in which ' Kama ' vanishes. Haranchandra defined kama as a general word & directed to take its meaning as 'desire of food etc.' It gets vanished in Kamala . Jaundice is the "Yellow discolouration of plasma, skin and mucous membranes" due to increased bilirubin level in blood. 6 The normal adult serum bilirubin level is less than 1mg/dL. Adults appear jaundiced when the serum bilirubin level is greater than 2mg/dL, and newborns appear jaundiced when it is grater than 7mg/dL. When the Phototherapy & Triphala Kashaya with Madhu was given for consecutive 6 days in selected cases, it was found that it is very effective for the treatment of Bahupitta kamala (jaundice) of neonates.


ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History Received: July 21, 2020 Accepted: August 22, 2020 Volume: 2 Issue: 4 The main thrust of this study was to determine the Instructional Leadership Practices, Teachers' Satisfaction and the School Performance Indicators and the relationship among these variables. The study was conducted to the thirty secondary schools having full-fledged principals in the Third Congressional District in Bohol. Randomly sampled two hundred eighty five (285) participants comprising 30 principals and the 255 teachers took part in the study. The data were subjected to statistical treatment using the weighted mean to assess the perception of the principals and the teachers about the Instructional Leadership Practices and the teachers' satisfaction. Pearson Product Moment of Correlation was used to determine the significant relationship between the Instructional Leadership Practices and teachers' satisfaction. Spearman Rank of Correlation was used to determine the significant relationship between the Instructional Leadership Practices and the school performance indicators. Four of the 10 items of instructional leadership practices were perceived by the principals and teachers as "Always" while 6 of the items were perceived as "Very Often". Teachers are satisfied in terms of management and very satisfied with their work characteristics and interpersonal relationships. For school performance indicators, most of the respondents obtained a rating of "Outstanding" in terms of retention rate, completion rate, graduation rate, promotion rate, repetition rate, drop-out rate and failure rate. Teachers viewed that the Instructional Leadership Practices is related to teachers' satisfaction while both the principals and the teachers claimed that it is related to school performance indicators. This study concludes that the principals' leadership practices can affect teachers' satisfaction and the school performance indicators. Hence, it is recommended, that DepEd Personnel should utilize the findings of this study and consider the proposed enhancement plan for the improvement of principals instructional leadership practices leading to the improvement of quality of teaching and student learning. KEYWORDS


Summary Objectives The two authors of this article share both a strong interest in, and deep concerns about, the use of eHealth (electronic information and communication technologies for improving or maintaining health). In this article, we identify some unanticipated obstacles to effective use of eHealth. Methods We reflected upon the potential of information and communication technologies to transform the health system and its failure to achieve that potential. Results We chose seven obstacles: the insufficient emphasis on health in eHealth, the lack of time for reflection, the development of a fortress mentality, poor evaluation of efforts, lack of involvement of youth, inequity, and a parochial attitude that precludes economies of scale. Whenever possible, we provided examples of innovative initiatives that illustrate potential ways to meet our current challenges. Conclusion We believe that the obstacles we describe in this article can be overcome. The impediments are not only technological, but also cognitive, financial and political. To succeed will require a major shift from our ethic of competition to one of generosity, commitment, and collaboration; enlightened, as opposed to narrow, self-interest.


We investigate the cosmological implications of studying galaxy clustering using a tomographic approach applied to the final Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) DR12 galaxy sample, including both auto-and cross-correlation functions between redshift shells. We model the signal of the full shape of the angular correlation function, omega(theta), in redshift bins using state-of-the-art modelling of non-linearities, bias and redshift-space distortions. We present results on the redshift evolution of the linear bias of BOSS galaxies, which cannot be obtained with traditional methods for galaxy-clustering analysis. We also obtain constraints on cosmological parameters, combining this tomographic analysis with measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and Type Ia supernova (SNIa). We explore a number of cosmological models, including the standard Lambda cold dark matter model and its most interesting extensions, such as deviations from omega(DE) =-1, non-minimal neutrino masses, spatial curvature and deviations from general relativity (GR) using the growth-index gamma parametrization. These results are, in general, comparable to the most precise present-day constraints on cosmological parameters, and show very good agreement with the standard model. In particular, combining CMB, omega(theta) and SNIa, we find a value of w(DE) consistent with -1 to a precision better than 5 per cent when it is assumed to be constant in time, and better than 6 per cent when we also allow for a spatially curved Universe.


Fiscal policy is needed to avoid dynamic inefficiency and maintain full employment in a modified Diamond OLG model with imperfect competition. A distributionally neutral tax scheme can maintain full employment in the face of variations in .household confidence.. No variations in taxes will be needed if households correctly anticipate future taxes: the tax policy functions as an insurance scheme. JEL Categories: E62, E22


The radial profile of electrostatic Reynolds stress,plasma poloidal rotations,radial and poloidsal electric fields have been measured in the plasma boundary region of the HL-1M tokamak using a multiarray of Mach/Langmuir probes.In the experiments of ohmic discharge,lower hybrid current drive,supersoniuc molecular beam injection (SMBI)and multi-shot pellet injection,the correlation between the Reynolds stress and poloidal flow in the edge plasma is presented.The adial profile changes of the Reynolds stress and poloidal flow velocity Vpol with lower hybrid wave injection power and SMBI injection are obtained.The results indicate that the sheared poloidal flow can be generated in tokamak plasma due to the radially varying Reynolds stress.


Dementia and mild forms of cognitive impairment as well as neuropsychiatric symptoms (i. e., impulse control disorders) are frequent and disabling non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). The identification of changes in neuroimaging studies for the early diagnosis and monitoring of the cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease, as well as their pathophysiological understanding, are critical for the development of an optimal therapeutic approach. In the current literature review, we present an update on the latest structural and functional neuroimaging findings, including high magnetic field resonance and radionuclide imaging, assessing cognitive dysfunction and impulse control disorders in PD.


: Additional descriptive information is given for the genus Ananthidium Urban with a key to species. Also, new geographical and floral records are given. A key to the genera of the Anthidiini of Argentina is provided. Bothranthidium Moure is considered a subgenus of Anthodioctes. A brief discussion of generic characters of the South American genera are given. Carlotica Moure & Urban is placed as a synonym of Epanthidium Moure. Also, Saranthidium Moore & Hurd is considered as a subgenus of Hypanthidiodes Moore.


Community college students often lack an academic plan to guide their choice of coursework and achieve their education goals, in part because counseling departments typically lack the capacity to advise all students. This randomized controlled trial tested the impact of guaranteed access to either a group workshop or a one-on-one academic counseling session to help students prepare an academic plan, along with reminders to attend the sessions. Both interventions increased academic plan completion rates by more than 20 percentage points over completion rates for a control group that received neither guaranteed access to a counseling session nor ongoing electronic "nudges" to attend. Exploratory evidence suggests that workshop counseling is as effective as one-on-one counseling in getting students to complete the academic planning process. Workshop counseling was the most cost-effective counseling option based on completion rates of academic plans.


The box plot has been used for a very long time since 70s in checking the existence of outliers and the asymmetrical shape of data. The existing box plot is constructed using ve values of statistics calculated from either the discrete or continous data. Many improvement of box plots have deviated from the elegant and simplier approach of exploratory data analysis by incorporating many other statistic values resulting the turning back of the noble philosophy behind the creation of box plot.The modication using range value with the minimum and maximum values are being incorporated to suit the need of selected discrete distribution when outliers is not an important criteria anymore. The new modication of box plot is not based on the asymmetrical shape of distribution but more on the spread of the data and partitioning data into range measure. The new propose name for the box plot with only three values of statistics is called range-box plot.


More and more libraries are providing access to Web resources through OCLC's Cooperative Online Resource Catalog (CORC) and, by extension, OCLC's WorldCat database. The ability to use a database to its maximum potential depends upon understanding what a database contains and the guidelines for its construction. This study examines the characteristics of Web resources in CORC in terms of their subject matter, the source of the content, publication patterns, and the units of information chosen for representation in the database. The majority of the 414 resources in the sample belonged to the social sciences. Academic libraries and government agencies contributed more than 90% of the records for resources in the sample. Using the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, 2d edition (AACR2) definitions for publication patterns that are part of the upcoming 2002 amendments reveals that nearly half of the sample fell into the category of integrating resources. Identifying units of representation of the resources described was more difficult. Existing definitions for Web units in development are not adequate to describe all of the resources in the sample. In addition, there is wide variability in the units of representation chosen for inclusion by the libraries contributing records, resulting in little predictability in what units of information might be found in the database.


Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is a promising emerging technology that enables a wide range of appealing applications in road safety, traffic management, and passengers and driver comfort. The deployment of VANETs to enable vehicular Internet-based services and mobile data offloading is also envisioned to be a promising solution for the great demand of mobile Internet access. However, developing reliable and efficient routing protocols is one of the key challenges in VANETs due to the high vehicle mobility and frequent network topology changes. In this thesis, we highlight the routing challenges in VANETs with a focus on position-based routing (PBR), as a well-recognized routing paradigm in the vehicular environment. As the current PBR protocols do not support VANET users with connectivity information, our goal is to design an efficient routing protocol for VANETs that dynamically finds long life paths, with reduced delivery delay, and supports vehicles with instant information about connectivity to the infrastructure. The focus of this thesis will be on predicting vehicular mobility to estimate inter-vehicle link duration in order to support routing protocols with proactive connectivity information for a better routing performance. Via three stages to meet our goal, we propose three novel routing protocols to estimate both broad and comprehensive connectivities in VANETs: iCAR, iCAR-II, and D-CAR. iCAR supports VANET users with instant broad connectivity information to surrounding road intersections, iCAR-II uses cellular network channels for comprehensive connectivity awareness to Roadside Units (RSUs), and finally D-CAR supports users with instant comprehensive connectivity information without the assistance of other networks. Detailed analysis and simulation based evaluations of our proposed protocols demonstrate the validity of using VANETs for Internet-based services and mobile data offloading in addition to the significant improvement of VANETs performance in terms of packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay.


'Argle Bargle,' or Deeply-Rooted Principles of Equal Liberty? The Inevitability of Marriage Equality after Windsor is an article that analyzes United States v. Windsor, the recent Supreme Court same-sex marriage opinion striking down Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act. Although Justice Scalia's dissent in Windsor dismisses the majority opinion, authored by Justice Kennedy, as legalistic argle bargle, this article explains that the Windsor majority opinion is, rather, a principled decision reflecting an evolved understanding of fundamental constitutional values. The article explains why the majority opinion should not be understood as one with a federalist holding that reserves to states the power to deny same-sex couples marriage rights, but is instead an individual-rights decision, based on potent equal liberty principles, that sets a firm foundation for the future affirmation of marriage equality for same-sex couples across the country. Windsor is but the latest of a series of Supreme Court cases applying a more searching form of scrutiny to the subjugation of LGBT citizens and the denial of their fundamental liberties in their most intimate life choices. The longstanding tradition in this country of honoring equal liberty protections against government-imposed subordination and indignities is deeply-rooted in this country's history, rendering Windsor, a Fifth Amendment case, a powerful precedential force for future challenges to same-sex marriage bans brought under the Fourteenth Amendment's Substantive Due Process Clause as well as its Equal Protection Clause. In the end, the symbiotic equality and liberty protections established in the Court's LGBT-rights decisions and other equal liberty cases will inevitably (as Justice Scalia's dissent warns) culminate in a future broad decision finally affirming equal marriage rights and protections for members of same-sex couples and their families across the country.


Specific features of the development and course of vaginal candidiasis were examined in corticosteroid-treated mice. Corticosteoids enhance epithelial adhesion of fungal cells and contribute to rapid invasion of the causative agent. Tissue inflammatory response in slow and weak. Pseudomycelium penetrates deep into Malpighi's layer, and, at some sites, damages the epithelial basal layer and invades the mucosal plate. In some animals, vascular invasion led to hematogenic dissemination. The described tissue and cellular mechanisms must be the basis of the stimulating effect of corticosteroids on vaginal candidiasis in the humans.


To the Editor.— Open angle glaucoma is a common disease, occurring in about 2% of the population above 40 years of age. We occasionally see patients who suffer from glaucoma and in whom the disease is "masked" by systemic medications. We report two of these cases. Report of Cases.—CASE 1.— A 50-year-old man suffered from glaucoma and was treated with pilocarpine eye drops for 2 years. In 1987, his intraocular pressure was found to be low repeatedly, and the pilocarpine treatment was discontinued. Numerous examinations showed that the intraocular pressure stayed normal. The patient was informed that glaucoma was misdiagnosed, and frequent opthalmological follow-up examinations were stopped. In 1990, the patient was found to have high intraocular pressure (34 mm Hg) in both eyes, glaucomatous excavation of his optic discs, and a visual field defect. Questioning revealed that the patient suffered from hypertension and was treated by


The paper presents the development trends of modern assembly techniques. It focuses both on the significance of an assembly platform for the ELEKTROBUDOWA S.A. company and the analysis of technological processes of assembly, which costitutes a very important element in designing the structure of a production system. The work analyses the strengnts and weaknesses of assembly platforms. It also gives an overview of the five important stages in designing their structure.


Swimming pools constructed with reinforced concrete require a high level of expertise within both, its planning and execution. To build waterproof concrete shells, extensive concrete technology knowledge, detailed planning of joint formation and high quality safety measures are needed. This thesis evaluates concrete technology features for swimming pool construction in Germany and Sweden. In particular, guidelines by DafStb, DIN and DgfdB provide the planner with detailed advice and specifics about swimming pools.It also gives an overview about the actual condition of swimming pools in Sweden that reached an age of at least 30 years and shows structural consequences of mistakes in planning and construction of swimming pools.The aspect of financial consequences is also analyzed. With the support of the software "Legep", the methodology of LCC was used to estimate costs in the future. Additionally, a proposal of post tensioned concrete as a more sustainable technology for watertight concrete basins is shown and under equal aspects analyzed and compared.


In turbomachinery applications as propulsion and power generation, there is a continuous endeavour to design engines with higher efficiency, driving the compressor and turbine blades towards slimmer and more aerodynamically loaded configurations that frequently operate with fluids at higher temperatures and speeds. This combination of reduced design space and adverse operating environment makes the blades more susceptible to flutter and challenges the designer to predict its occurrence.Nowadays there are different CFD solvers that allow the prediction of flutter in turbomachinery; some of them are more efficient than others and provide considerable computational power savings when compared with traditional CFD methods that sometimes require the simulation of several or all the blades in a given row.The present thesis work is aimed at investigating the strengths and potential limitations of a novel time marching method for Flutter prediction in the Travelling Wave Mode (TWM) domain available in ANSYS CFX 14.5. The results are compared with experimental measurements obtained at the KTH test rig and CFD simulations in the Influence Coefficient Domain (INFC) performed in a previous MSc. Thesis in 2013.An approach in CFX to solve flutter is the Fourier Transformation method that uses only two passages with phase lagged periodic boundary conditions. In the previous thesis only one operating point was calculated using this method. This project focuses on the extension of the calculations to various operating points and expanding the solver validation.


Several two-dimensional quantum field theory models have more than one vacuum state. Familiar examples are the Sine-Gordon and the φ 4 2-model. It is known that in these models there are also states, called kink states, which interpolate different vacua. A general construction scheme for kink states in the framework of algebraic quantum field theory is developed in a previous paper. However, for the application of this method, the crucial condition is the split property for wedge algebras in the vacuum representations of the considered models. It is believed that the vacuum representations of P (φ) 2-models fulfill this condition, but a rigorous proof is only known for the massive free scalar field. Therefore, we investigate in a construction of kink states which can directly be applied to P (φ) 2-model, by making use of the properties of the dynamic of a P (φ) 2-model.


Broadband mid-infrared (mid-IR) frequency doubling was demonstrated using nonlinear barium titanate (BTO) thin films. The device has a strip-loaded waveguide structure consisting of top silicon nitride (SiN) strips and an underneath BTO guiding layer. The epitaxial BTO was deposited on a strontium titanate (STO) substrate by pulsed-laser deposition. Through a SiN grating coupler, the pumping mid-IR light at wavelength λ=3.30-3.45µm was coupled into the nonlinear BTO layer, where the spectrum of the near-infrared (NIR) second-harmonic generation was characterized. The developed BTO waveguides provide a platform for mid-IR nonlinear integrated photonics and on-chip quantum optics.


Sir .—As part of the 16th Ross Roundtable on Critical Approaches to Common Pediatric Problems, Rodgers 1 states, in regard to daycare, The nation's agenda is shifting its focus; the question is how to provide adequate child care rather than whether mothers should work outside the home. The parent who once beseeched the pediatrician for advice about when and whether to work will want more assistance in making the best arrangement and in understanding the complexities of child care. In the same report, Celeste 2 writes, "It is no longer a question of whether or not children should be in daycare; instead, the questions are how we can provide enough care for all the families who need it...." The growing need for daycare since the 1970s is viewed in much of the literature as a fait accompli, 3-5 and the pediatrician is challenged to take a more active role in


Starting in 2000, condition assessment of road markings have been carried out in Sweden. As previously, the purpose of the study has been to answer the questions: - To which degree is the performance in the Swedish regulations fulfilled? - Is there any difference in road marking quality within the same region, i.e. between the counties? - How has the performance fluctuated over time?The retroreflectivity and macro texture of dry road markings have been measured using the RMT version 2 in 2009. The retroreflectivity of wet road markings and the skid resistance have been estimated from the dry performance and the macro texture.


The real-world navigation of ethics-in-practice versus the bureaucracy of institutional ethics remains challenging. This is especially true for research with children and young people who may be considered vulnerable by the policies and procedures of ethics committees but agentic by researchers. Greater transparency is needed about how this tension is navigated in practice to provide confidence and effective strategies for social researchers, including those new to the field, for negotiating informed consent. Twenty-three social science researchers with a range of experience were interviewed about their practices for gaining informed consent from children and young people in social research and the development of their 'ethics in practice' over time. Main themes focused on navigating ethics protocols within institutions, practices to prepare for data collection, and a critical evaluation of the resources that can be applied to gaining consent and managing relationships. A range of methods and concrete steps that address ethical challenges are outlined to illustrate what can be done in practice to achieve authentic consent and appropriate participation.


Computationally intelligent energy forecasting methods for appropriate energy management at the consumer/producer side have a positive impact on the preservation of energy and play a constructive role in tackling global climate change. The energy production and consumption are very high worldwide, demanding intelligent methods with real‐world implementation potentials for appropriate energy management. In this paper, we survey the existing intelligent load forecasting (ILF) systems, highlight their advantages and downsides, and briefly discuss the workflow of the employed literature. Furthermore, we debate on the existing load forecasting datasets and their features along with a brief overview of the challenges confronted by researchers using these datasets. Distinct from previous survey papers, we provide a detailed review of performance evaluation metrics and comparison of employed methods for energy load forecasting, thereby concluding the need of efficient, effective, and adoptable ILF methods functional in real‐world scenarios. Finally, we assess the employed techniques and deliver future research opportunities based on the derived conclusions from existing research works. This paper delivers the overall energy forecasting literature in a compact form with possible future insights for researchers working in ILF domain.


definition is an unstable state of the autonomic nervous system, caused from central overloading of the hypothalamus by an emotional crisis and resulting in peripheral malfunction of plain-muscle fibre or gland. In these cases the plain-muscle fibres concerned would be the media of the articular arteries and the prostatic blood vessels, the sacro-iliac joints and the prostate sharing a common or contiguous segmental supply as regards autononmic activity. -I am, etc.,


Gas-phase acidities (deltaGo(acid)) have been measured for 1,2-ethanedithiol, 1,3-propanedithiol, and 1,4-butanedithiol, using a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer. Adiabatic electron affinities (EAs) of the thiolate monoradicals of these compounds were assigned from electron photodetachment spectra of their corresponding thiolate monoanions, acquired using a cw-ICR. The dithiols exhibit enhanced acidities (up to 8.7 kcal/mol in deltaGo(acid)) and greater EAs (up to 6.7 kcal/mol) than analogous monothiol species. These differences are attributed to an intramolecular RS-.HSR hydrogen bond in the thiolate anion. Considerations of the RO-.HOR hydrogen bond in monoanions of alpha,omega-diols and in the [CH(3)O-.HOCH(3)] complex anion suggest that the RS-.HSR hydrogen bond provides up to 9 kcal/mol extra stabilization.


Oleogels offer the possibility to replace conventional saturated fatty acid (SAFA)-based lipids with a healthier alternative by immobilizing liquid edible oils in a 3D-network which is provided by an oleogelator. Numerous molecules which can structure oils rich in (poly)unsaturated fatty acids have been identified. These differ greatly in their chemical composition, network formation, and interactions and thus macroscopic properties of the respective oleogels. Oleogels have been a focal point of food research for over 20 years, yet product applications are lacking. Hence, the question arises whether the application of oleogels is unfeasible or if science lost sight of its objective. This review aims to assess different structuring systems concerning their availability, their potential for the utilization in food products and, if possible, their prices. Moreover, recent studies comprising the application of oleogels in food products are reviewed with special emphasis on the state and the function of the lipid phase during processing and in the final product. Therefore, the physical properties and preparation methods of different oleogels need to be considered in connection with the respective food application. Finally, it is discussed whether the application of oleogels is justified in these products and advantageous in comparison to liquid oil. Practical Applications: A diet rich in mono-and polyunsaturated fatty acids which make up the majority of liquid edible oils lowers the risk to suffer from cardiovascular diseases. Unfortunately, these oils cannot provide texture to food products in their native state. Oleogelation has the potential to deliver the solid structure necessary for numerous food products by transferring an oil rich in essential fatty acids into a solid-like structure. Besides, the nutritional value of these oils remains practically unchanged. Although oleogelation has been the objective of various research groups for more than 20 years, product applications are scarce. This review aims to stimulate the mindfulness of research concerning the successful application of oleogels in food products. This hopefully enables a better connection between science and industry.


We investigate the central regions of 23 spiral galaxies using Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) spectroscopy and archival Near-Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) imaging. The sample is taken from our program to determine the masses of central massive black holes (MBHs) in 54 nearby spiral galaxies. Stars are likely to contribute significantly to any dynamical central mass concentration that we find in our MBH program, and this paper is part of a series to investigate the nuclear properties of these galaxies. We use the Nuker law to fit surface brightness profiles, derived from the NICMOS images, to look for nuclear star clusters and find possible extended sources in three of the 23 galaxies studied (13%). The fact that this fraction is lower than that inferred from optical Hubble Space Telescope studies is probably due to the greater spatial resolution of those studies. Using R - H and J - H colors and equivalent widths of Hα emission (from the STIS spectra), we investigate the nature of the stellar population with evolutionary models. Under the assumption of hot stars ionizing the gas, as opposed to a weak active galactic nucleus (AGN), we find that there are young stellar populations (∼10–20 Myr); however, these data do not allow us to determine what percentage of the total nuclear stellar population they form. In addition, in an attempt to find any unknown AGN, we use [N II] and [S II] line flux ratios (relative to Hα) and find tentative evidence for weak AGNs in NGC 1300 and NGC 4536.


T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL/T-LBL) is commonly associated with Notch 1 mutations. There is limited data on the relationship between Notch l and NF-κB expression and clinical features in LBL. We evaluated the expression of Notch l and NF-κB in LBL using immunohistochemistry and analyzed their relationship with clinical characteristics, treatment results, and survival. From October 2000 to August 2008, 34 untreated patients with LBL were enrolled in the study. Median age was 11.8 years (range, 1 - 25 years). Twenty-five patients were diagnosed with T-LBL and 9 patients with B-LBL. Most patients received chemotherapy consisting of modified ALL-BFM- 90. Notch l showed high expression in 68% of T-LBL and low expression in 100% of B-LBL (p = 0.015). High expression of Notch l positively correlated with presence of a mediastinal mass but not with 5-year event free survival (EFS) in T-LBL. NF-κB showed high expression in 65% of all patients with LBL, with no difference between T- and B-LBL. NF-κB expression was higher in T-LBL patients with bulky disease and B symptom; it did not correlate with 5-year EFS in T-LBL. Expression of Notch 1 and NF-κB strongly correlated (p = 0.014) in T-LBL. Notch 1 is highly ex- pressed in T-LBL. NF-κB is highly expressed in all patients with LBL with no difference between T-LBL and B-LBL. Notch 1 expression was significantly associated with NF-κB expression in T-LBL. Notch l and NF-κB may play an important role in the development of T-LBL; further investigation is warranted.


Probability-based online panels are beginning to replace traditional survey modes for existing established surveys in Europe and the United States. In light of this, current standards for panel response rate calculations are herein reviewed. To populate these panels cost-effectively, more diverse recruitment methods, such as, mail, telephone, and recruitment modules added to existing surveys are being used, either alone or in combinations. This results in panel member cohorts from different modes complicating panel response rate calculations. Also, as a panel ages with inevitable attrition, multiple cohorts result from panel refreshment and growth strategies. Formulas are presented to illustrate how to handle multiple cohorts for panel metrics. Additionally, drawing on relevant metrics used for a panel response rate, we further demonstrate a computational tool to assist planners in building a probability-based panel. This provides a means to estimate the recruitment effort required to build a panel of a predetermined size.


The authors investigate whether a high-resolution head-mounted display, roving around a much larger frame buffer image, can give a user the impression of viewing a single very large display screen. A prototype is constructed, consisting of an 1120 /spl times/ 900 pixel head-mounted display, an ultrasonic head-tracker, a 16,386 /spl times/ 6,144 pixel frame buffer, and suitable X-window control software, as a means of studying this question. Applications can write to the large frame buffer using the window system, and the view can navigate around the image rapidly using head rotations. The prototype system, although somewhat awkward to use due to a limited field of view in the head-mounted display, shows that head rotation is a fast, convenient way to switch display contexts.<<ETX>>


Ethanol have made from taro's flour with an addition of gelatin as nutrition source for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ethanol are made within process hydrolysis, fermentation, distillation and Gas Chromatography analysis. Starch hydrolysis process are enzymatic through liquification and saccharification process with an addition of alpha-amylase and gluco-amylase which conversed starch into glucose. Fermentation process are used time variation within 5, 6, 7 and 8 days and gelatin as nutrition source are used in concentration to 0.5 %, 1 % and 1.5 % (v/v). The highest ethanol concentration are obtained in addition of 1 % gelatin with 7 days of fermentation which are 41.648 %.


Parabolic trough collectors generate thermal energy from solar energy. Especially, they are very convenient for applications in high temperature solar power systems. To determine the design parameters, parabolic trough collectors must be analysed with optical analysis. In addition, thermodynamics (energy and exergy) analysis in the development of an energy efficient system must be achieved. Solar radiation passes through Earth's atmosphere until it reaches on Earth's surface and is focused from the parabolic trough collector to the tube receiver with a transparent insulated envelope. All of them constitute a complex mechanism. We investigate the geometry of parabolic trough reflector and characteristics of solar radiation to the reflecting surface through Earth's atmosphere, and calculate the collecting total energy in the receiver. The parabolic trough collector, of which design parameters are given, is analysed in regard to the energy and exergy analysis considering the meteorological specification in May, June, July and August in Isparta/Turkey, and the results are presented.


Without a doubt, Frank Avant vs. C. H. Mason is the most critical juncture in the entire history of the Church of God in Christ (COGIC). The Pentecostal-Holiness Movement of the early twentieth century began with an aggressive legal confrontation between two of the movement's leading African-American pastors and their adherents. Charles P. Jones and Charles H. Mason's up-close and personal relationship was torn apart over their fundamental differences of the baptism in the Holy Ghost and speaking in tongues. Up until the Azusa Street Revival, Jones and Mason shared an extraordinary profundity for each other; and their relationship was maximized when Jones united Mason and Lelia Washington in marriage in 1905. In 1907, Jones filed a lawsuit in Memphis against Mason after leading the way in having Mason excommunicated from the General Ministerial Council of Holiness Churches and Meetings for proliferating speaking in tongues. Jones and Mason founded the organization in 1897 after both of them were expelled from the Baptist denomination for teaching holiness. When Mason lost the case in Memphis Chancery Court, it was merely an opportunity to lead the Jones faction to theRed Sea. Mason and his attorney, Elder Robert E. Hart, appealed the case to the Tennessee Supreme Court in Jackson, where the judges decided in their favor, devastating the Jones faction and their attorney, Benjamin F. Booth.


Due to the computational cost of running inference for a neural network, the need to deploy the inferential steps on a third party's compute environment or hardware is common. If the third party is not fully trusted, it is desirable to obfuscate the nature of the inputs and outputs, so that the third party can not easily determine what specific task is being performed. Provably secure protocols for leveraging an untrusted party exist but are too computational demanding to run in practice. We instead explore a different strategy of fast, heuristic security that we call Connectionist Symbolic Pseudo Secrets. By leveraging Holographic Reduced Representations (HRR), we create a neural network with a pseudo-encryption style defense that empirically shows robustness to attack, even under threat models that unrealistically favor the adversary.


A multi-band antenna fed from co-planar waveguide (CPW) was investigated and optimized for a vehicular communication system, facilitating vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-roadside communication. The antenna covers the frequency bands 2.4 GHz and 5.4-6.0 GHz. This paper outlines the antenna optimization procedure and a design for prototyping. The prototyped antenna was measured and results were compared with a co-linear antenna and a commercial antenna, both meant for the same frequency bands. This paper also presents simulated mutual coupling effects between antenna elements when their positions and orientations on a finite ground are varied. Such knowledge helps to introduce antenna diversity using multiple antenna elements, leading to better antenna performances in mobile environments.


OBJECTIVE
We describe infusion-related reactions to infliximab (during infusion or within 1 hour postinfusion) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated in a quaternary care center.

METHODS
We followed 113 patients for a mean of 60.6 +/- 28.9 weeks, obtaining 10.5 +/- 4.9 infusions per patient.

RESULTS
We observed 1183 infusions resulting in 104 infusion reactions (8.8%). All reactions resolved within several hours following cessation of the infusion and none was serious enough to warrant hospitalization. Reactions included allergic reactions (pruritus, urticaria) in 4.2% of infusions, cardiopulmonary (hypotension, hypertension, tachycardia) in 3.0%, and miscellaneous reactions (headache, nausea, vomiting) in 2.0%. Reactions occurred in 8.0% of 3 mg/kg infusions and in 10.3% of 5 mg/kg infusions. Reactions occurred in 13.2% of infusions that involved antihistamine pretreatment compared to only 7.5% of infusions that involved no pretreatment. At both infliximab doses, there was a similar frequency of infusion reactions in patients pretreated due to a previous infusion (12.6%) compared to those pretreated strictly based on infusion number (14.7%). A number of the reactions involving antihistamine pretreatment may be explained by known side effects of diphenhydramine, including headache, dizziness, nausea, and palpitations.

CONCLUSION
Infusion-related reactions to infliximab were infrequent, rarely severe, and easily manageable. The frequency of reactions was equivalent in patients treated with 3 mg/kg compared to 5 mg/kg. Reactions were significantly more frequent in infusions where patients were pretreated with the antihistamine diphenhydramine, compared to those not involving pretreatment.


Magnetization transitions in perpendicular magnetic recording have been calculated from measured replay pulses by a deconvolution algorithm using an analytical expression for the field of a probe head (PH). The transitions appear to be asymmetric whereby a pronounced magnetization peak occurs whose shape depends on the medium coercivity. For the experiments double layer media with double sided probe heads have been used. For the deconvolution only perpendicular head field and medium magnetization components are considered.


This paper studied the safety and physiological effect of acute intake of Bifidobacterium adolescentis CH2 in albino rats using yogurt as a carrier. Thirty-six female albino rats were divided into three groups: control group received standard diet and water daily; yogurt group received standard diet, water, and 0.5 ml yogurt; B. adolenscentis-yogurt (probiotic yogurt) group received standard diet, water, and 0.5 ml B. adolenscentis CH2-yogurt, at a dose of 3.6 × 106 cfu B. adolescentis CH2/animal. Yogurt and B. adolenscentis CH2-yogurt administration was done daily by oral gavage for four weeks. Rats were monitored daily for feed intake and weight, and weekly for organ conditions and functions. Histology of liver and kidney were performed at week 3 and 4. There was no significant statistical difference in feed intake for the three groups. Results established no significant difference in average organ/body weight ratios of liver, lung, heart, and spleen in groups at week 4. Concentration of clinical parameters- albumin, bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose, total protein, and urea- indicated no significant difference among groups. This study recorded lower triglycerides and total cholesterol levels in B. adolescentis-yogurt group in week 4. Kidney and liver histopathology confirmed that the studied B. adolescentis had no negative effects on rat liver and kidney. Significant reduction (P<0.05) in body weight gain for B. adolescentis-yogurt group was observed from week three. Our findings showed that B. adolescentis CH2 is safe for acute intake. Results suggested a hypolipidemic and weight reduction effect on prolong usage, indicating a potential for application in weight management and cardiovascular disease control.

 Key words: Bifidobacterium adolescentis, probiotics, in vivo, safety, hypolipidemic.


This thesis explores, documents and analyses the actions of a leader,
sustained by the belief that developments in Early Years practice are
more successfully embedded when practitioners are part of a learning
community within which they are able to critically explore, test and
apply theories, concepts and strategies. It is based upon the
pedagogical observation that those involved in leading the learning
need to be active participants in the process, surfacing and
collaboratively exploring their tacit knowledge through practice-based
research as part of everyday practice.
This qualitative, case-study research project examines a leadership
approach within a multifunctional Children's Centre with a multiprofessional
team over six and a half years. Action-based research -
defined by Reason & Bradbury (2001) as a process in which individuals
work co-operatively in order to find solutions for issues pertinent to them -
has been used to study the development of Systemic Leadership through
engaging practitioners in practice-based research. 'Practice-based
research' is used in this study to describe practitioners' engagement as
action researchers, engaging with theory and becoming involved in
developing theory through actively researching their practice.
Leadership is viewed as a continuous process of learning from action based
research, and as such it:
• explores a commitment to developing and sustaining a learning
organisation in which staff are supported to reflect individually and cooperatively
about their work with children, families and the community in
order to be aware of themselves and their learning capacity as
individuals and as part of a team
• analyses and documents the experience and learning of a leader in a
complex and value-driven organisation, seeking to develop a
democratic, systemic leadership model of collaborative practice-based
research
• explores the complexities of the organisation and the implications of
maximising practitioners' capacities to be curious about their work and
open to feedback, using practice-based research groups to explore their
inner worlds and review their values and assumptions
• analyses individual and organisational shifts in values, self-awareness and
self-knowledge, including practitioners' capacity to theorise and weave
theory into practice
• assesses the impact of co-operative practice-based research on
professional development.


This study aimed at reviewing the research in Turkey to understand the current condition on teachers' questioning. Having examined the studies between 2000-2018 years, 37 studies were found to be eligible to include. Among these studies, 86% of them were in qualitative, 11% of them were in quantitative and 3% of them were in mixed methods scope. To generate the most common themes, content analysis was employed, and three themes were generated: Types of Questions, Cognitive Levels of Questions, and Use of Questioning Techniques. Accordingly, pre-service and in-service teachers generally asked closed-ended questions and the questions at the lowest thinking levels. Studies mostly covered the techniques related to the selection of students, wait time, providing feedback and correctives, prompting and cueing, redirecting and rephrasing the question, use of the body language and the voice. Regarding the findings, it is crucial to develop both pre-service and in-service teachers' skills on questioning.


In the present study, the partitioning of four model proteins (bovine serum albumin, ovalbumin, α-chymotrypsin and lysozyme) was investigated in polyethylene glycol (PEG)-salt aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) addressing the effects of PEG molecular weight (MW) and concentration, phase-forming salt type (potassium phosphate/sodium citrate (KPP/NaCit)) and concentration, sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration and pH, as well as MW, isoelectric point, charge and hydrophobicity of the proteins. It was found that protein partitioning was influenced by different coexisting effects, such as hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, related to the system parameters and physicochemical/surface properties of proteins. Moreover, a rigorous analysis and optimization of the significant forces for protein partitioning in PEG-salt ATPS was performed by design of experiments (DoE). Initially, KPP/NaCit, NaCl and PEG concentrations were considered as statistically significant factors by a fractional factorial design. Subsequently, the optimal values of the significant factors were determined by a central composite face-centered design coupled with response surface methodology. Furthermore, linear and quadratic models were obtained in the experimental designs, respectively, and evaluated by statistical regression analysis and analysis of variance. Finally, a validation of the quadratic model confirmed a good correlation between predicted and experimental results, thus verifying the validity of the model.


Anilino analogues of amsacrine showed increased activity against amsacrine (AMSA)-resistant cell lines when compared with the parent compound, but the mechanisms of amsacrine resistance in these lines were unknown (Finlay, G. J., Baguley, B. C., Snow, K., and Judd, W., J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 82: 662-667, 1990). We tested the cytotoxic and DNA-cleaving activities of two amsacrine analogues which were derivatives of 9-anilinoacridine (1'-methylcarbamate and 1'-benzenesulfonamide) against an amsacrine-resistant human leukemia cell line (HL-60/AMSA) whose resistance is due to an amsacrine-resistant topoisomerase II. Neither agent could overcome the amsacrine resistance of HL-60/AMSA. Neither agent could induce HL-60/AMSA topoisomerase II-mediated cleavage of DNA in an isolated biochemical system, although at high concentrations the two analogues could inhibit HL-60/AMSA topoisomerase II-mediated DNA strand passage. Both analogues were at least as active, if not more active, than amsacrine against amsacrine-sensitive HL-60 and its topoisomerase II. Comparison of the cellular and biochemical results with those from computer simulation of the energy-minimized structures of amsacrine, its inactive isomer o-AMSA, and the two new active analogues suggests the following possibilities: (a) the positioning of the potential topoisomerase II-binding site (1'-anilino group) of the two new drugs resembles the positioning of this site in amsacrine; (b) the HL-60 topoisomerase II has a binding site which interacts with amsacrine and the two anilino analogues but not with o-AMSA, an analogue with altered positioning of the methoxy group; (c) the HL-60/AMSA topoisomerase II interacts with reduced affinity with amsacrine and the two anilino analogues, although HL-60/AMSA topoisomerase II still interacts with the structurally distinct topoisomerase II-reactive nonintercalator, etoposide; (d) because of their higher DNA binding affinity or the greater possible positions of their side groups in comparison to amsacrine, the two analogues can, at high concentrations, inhibit the strand-passing activity of HL-60/AMSA topoisomerase II.


Cronobacter spp. involves a group of opportunistic pathogens that cause meningitis in newborns, immunosuppressed individuals with a mortality rate of 50-80%. Seven species like C. sakazakii, C. malonaticus, C. muytjensii, C. turicensis, C. dublinensis, C. universalis, C. condimenti are included in this genus which has been a subject of research especially in the bacteriologic analysis of baby foods. However, since these species were detected also in prepared foodstuffs. The objective of this study was to assert the presence of Cronobacter spp. in foodstuff offered for sale in Turkey. A total of 151 prepared foodstuffs including a variety of spice, flour, instant soup were purchased from different sales points. The presence of Cronobacter spp. were investigated in these samples. Cronobacter suspected isolates which were obtained by microbiological analyses were confirmed by PCR targeted to gyrB gene and were then identified by multiplex PCR. Prevalence of Cronobacter spp was estimated to be 17.88%. Out of 27 Cronobacter spp. isolates obtained, 13(48.1%), 6(22.2%), 5(18.5%), 3(11.1%) belonged to C. sakazakii, C. muytjensii, C. turicensis, C. malonaticus species, respectively. Consequently, the presence of the bacteria in widely consumed foodstuff revealed that Cronobacter spp. is subject to monitoring due to its opportunistic nature in terms of public health concern.


1. In aqueous solution above pH7 bilirubin-IXalpha 1-O-acylglucuronide rapidly isomerizes to the non-C-1 glucuronides by sequential migration of the bilirubin acyl group from position 1 to positions 2, 3 and 4 of the sugar moiety. The transformations are enhanced by increasing the pH. Compared with the rates at 37 degrees C the transformations are rather slow at 0 degrees C. Virtually complete inhibition is observed at values below pH6. The isomerization at 25 degrees C and pH 7.4 is not affected by the presence in the solutions of a molar excess of human serum albumin. 2. Isomerization in bile kept at 37 degrees C at pH7.7-7.8 is probably non-enzymic, as the rates of change are similar to those observed under comparable conditions for aqueous solutions of glucuronides of bilirubin-1Xalpha and of azodipyrrole. 3. Analysis without delay of normal biles of man and rats collected at 0 degrees C over a maximum period of 10 min shows that the bilirubin-IXalpha mono- and di-glucuronides consist exclusively of the 1-O-acyl isomers. 4. The mixtures of the four positional isomers of bilirubin-IXalpha glucuronide found in freshly collected biles of man and rats with cholestasis probably originate from initially synthesized 1-O-acylglucuronide by the same mechanism of sequential migration as has been observed in aqueous solutions of conjugated bilirubin-IXalpha.


Screw shear connectors have been most commonly used in Colombia for many years; however, there is no current design methodology justifying its use in composite sections and prevailing rules insist that elements used as shear connectors must be tested. Along with the usual details of bending design and vertical shear, horizontal shear design on the composite section interface must be specified, even more so in adjusting such design to Colombian construc-tion. A study was thus undertaken analysing effects on composite sections when screws were used as shear connec-tors. This research studied 18 composite section models having two 21MPa concrete slabs which had different confi-gurations with one, two or three 1/2", 5/8" or 3/4" diameter shear connector type screws, and 0.08m, 0.12m or 0.14m separations. Three specimens were tested for each model by direct shear or push-out method. The corres-ponding analysis was done according to laboratory results, assessing the influence of diameter and connector sepa-ration on the model's behaviour; screw design in composite sections was then formulated. A model of the tests was analysed using a finite element method based-programme which reviewed in detail those aspects which had little a-ppreciable effect on the physical tests, including concrete degradation in the interface section.


ABSTRACT Military cultures tend to be perceived as hierarchal thus creating a climate where there may be a disconnect between the definition of leadership attributes by senior officers and soldiers on the ground. Data provided by 302 former special operations personnel was used to determine the degree of separation between how senior officers (strategic leaders), mid-grade officers (mid-level leaders) and junior officers, senior non-commissioned officers, and junior non-commissioned officers (functional leaders) define exemplary leaders. If the hierarchal hypothesis is correct, each level of the military hierarchy will perceive the attributes of an exemplary leader differently. The data indicates that senior officers, mid-grade officers, junior officers, senior non-commissioned officers, junior non-commissioned officers and covert government operatives spanning a period from World War II to the Afghanistan War all saw competence as the most significant behavior of an exemplary leader. The ranking of the remaining nineteen leadership attributes used in the study provides a worthwhile insight into how this unique population views exemplary leaders. This study may be of value to other governmental organizations designing teams to conduct high-risk ventures and private sector companies constructing teams to engage in high-risk economic projects. INTRODUCTION As early as 1953, a stream of leadership research was developing to encourage the leader to be considerate, accepting, and concerned about the needs and feelings of other people (Fleishman, 1953: Stogdill, 1974; Bowers and Seashore, 1966 and House and Mitchell, 1974). This trend continues into recent leadership literature which portrays the effective leader as one who encourages the heart (Kouzes & Posner, 1999), leads without power (De Pree, 1997), makes everyone a leader (Bergmann, Hurson, & Russ-Eft, 1999), and is collaborative (Chrislip & Larson, 1994; Svara, 1994). Fiedler (1967), Hersey and Blanchard (1984, 1993) introduced the concept of leadership effectiveness as being situational. This shift in thinking about leadership provides the opportunity to study leadership in a context where almost all the decisions are hard, time sensitive, information limited, and the consequences significant. This paper explores leadership in the context of the United States Military's special operations community. This perspective is provided by former members of the community (operators) who completed a survey and demographic profile. Data from the survey provides an insight into this unique environment and culture and how they define exemplary leaders. This profile may be of value to business, government, and not-for-profit organizations in search of leaders who can guide their organizations during difficult times. THE MILITARY WARRIOR SUB-CULTURE Before looking at units and individuals that operate at the tip of the military's spear, it is worthwhile to look at the structure of the military. In the eighteenth century, the modern military system took shape and with it came the command and control hierarchal structure led by a professional officer corps (Witzel, 2002). Within this structure officers and non-commissioned officers are selected for a progression of command positions, each of which require a broader view of the role of the military and their place in the institution. This maturation process also required that the individual not loose sight of the basic leadership behaviors dictated by the culture. As a result there is an expectation that as one increases in rank, there will be a corollary development in leadership skills. (Janowitz, 1971). In the United States Army, rank is currently divided into four classifications: Officers, Warrant Officers, Non-commissioned Officers, and Enlisted Personnel. The following chart defines the designated ranks in each category. The challenge facing researchers is to capture, in an academic analysis, the intensity of feelings toward leadership and leaders by men who lived their lives in hard places, performing secret life threatening missions, and who use a unique set of behavioral absolutes as their compass. …


The classical nonlinear mixed integer formulation of the transmission network expansion problem cannot guarantee finding the optimal solution due to its nonconvex nature. We propose an alternative mixed integer linear disjunctive formulation, which has better conditioning properties than the standard disjunctive model. The mixed integer program is solved by a commercial Branch and Bound code, where an upper bound provided by a heuristic solution is used to reduce the tree search. The heuristic solution is obtained using a GRASP metaheuristic, capable of finding suboptimal solutions with an affordable computing effort. Combining the upper bound given by the heuristic and the mixed integer disjunctive model, optimality can be proven for several hard problem instances.


When FPGA logic circuits are incorporated within a stored-program computer, the result is a machine where the programmer can design both the software and the hardware that will execute that software. This paper first describes some of the more important custom computers, and their potential weakness as DSP implementation platforms. It then describes a new custom computing architecture which is specifically designed for efficient implementation of DSP algorithms. Finally, it presents a simple performance comparison of a number of DSP implementation alternatives, and concludes that: the new custom computing architecture is worthy of further investigation; and that custom computers based only on FPGA execution units show little performance improvement over state-of-the-art workstations.<<ETX>>


In this publication, we share our experiences with combining transdisciplinary research with the Negotiated Approached to address the challenges in groundwater management in peri-urban villages near Khulna, Bangladesh and near Kolkata, India. From 2014 – 2019, our team of researchers and civil society organizations has been executing the Shifting Grounds project. The project was developed as a transdisciplinary research project under the Urbanising Deltas of the World programme of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). The Negotiated Approach, an approach for community empowerment, was used to combine research with capacity development within peri-urban communities. In this report, we capture our experiences as an interdisciplinary and international team, covering successes as well as challenges we faced in the process.


Airborne particulate matters have two modes of size distributions of coarse mode and fine mode. The coarse mode which is formed by break down mechanism of large particles has a peak around the 100 ㎛, and the fine mode formed by condensation and build up mechanism of evaporated vapors has a peak at several ㎛. The coarse mode particles can be removed easily by conventional collecting equipments such as a cyclone, an electrostatic precipitator, and a filter, however the fine mode particles can not be collected easily. Usually the fine mode particles are generated in the high temperature conditions especially through boilers and incinerators, so the high efficient and temperature filter is essential for the filtration. In this study, a nano ceramic filter for the removal of fine particles in the high temperature is developed and tested for several characteristics. The nano ceramic filter has double layer of micro and nano structure and the pressure drop and the filtration efficiency for 0.31 ㎛ at 3 ㎝/s are 15.45 mmAq, and 96.75%, respectively. The thermal conductivity is 0.038 W/m?K, and the coefficient of water vapor permeability is 3.63 g/㎡?h?㎜Hg. It is considered that the sensible heat exchange rate is very poor because the low thermal conductivity but it has high potential to exchange latent heat.


STUDY DESIGN
A multicenter, retrospective study using computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging data to establish quantitative, reliable criteria of canal compromise and cord compression in patients with cervical spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVES
To develop and validate a radiologic assessment tool of spinal canal compromise and cord compression in cervical spinal cord injury for use in clinical trials.

SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA
There are few quantitative, reliable criteria for radiologic measurement of cervical spinal canal compromise or cord compression after acute spinal cord injury.

METHODS
The study included 71 patients (55 men, 16 women; mean age, 39.7 +/- 18.7 years) with acute cervical spinal cord injury. Causes of spinal cord injury included motor vehicle accidents (n = 36), falls (n = 20), water-related injuries (n = 8), sports (n = 5), assault (n = 1), and farm accidents (n = 1). Canal compromise was measured on computed tomographic scan and T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and cord compression at the level of maximum injury was measured on T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. All films were assessed by two independent observers.

RESULTS
There was a strong correlation of canal compromise and/or cord compression measurements between axial and midsagittal computed tomography, and between axial and midsagittal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Spinal canal compromise assessed by computed tomography showed a significant although moderate correlation with spinal cord compression assessed by T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Virtually all patients with canal compromise of 25% or more on computed tomographic scan had evidence of some degree of cord compression on magnetic resonance imaging, but a large number of patients with less than 25% canal compromise on computed tomographic scan also had evidence on magnetic resonance imaging of cord compression.

CONCLUSIONS
In patients with cervical spinal cord injury, the midsagittal T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging provides an objective, quantifiable, and reliable assessment of spinal cord compression that cannot be adequately assessed by computed tomography alone.


During the planning process, a planner may often have many diierent options for what kind of plan reenement to perform next (for example, what task or goal to work on next, what operator or method to use to achieve the task or goal, or how to resolve a connict or enforce some constraint in the plan). The planner's eeciency depends greatly on how well it chooses among these options. In this paper, we present and compare two types of strategies that an HTN planner may use to select which task to decompose next. Both strategies facilitate ef-cient planning by making it easier for the planner to identify plans that can be pruned from the search space|but since the strategies accomplish this in two diierent ways, each works better on diierent kinds of problems. We present experimental results showing how characteristics of the planning domain can be used to predict which strategy will work best, so that these domain characteristics can be used to select strategies across application domains when building practical planning systems.


The essay, on the occasion of the first centenary of the disappearance of Giuseppe Pitre (1841-1916), focuses on those unpublished works that have been edited and published during the National edtion of 1985, which was dedicated to the most accomplished folklorist of Palermo. The topic of this essay is mostly aimed to the lessons the Professor held at the University of Palermo since 1910 until 1916.The former edition made possible to focus on about sixty papers, including unpublished ones, that frame the magnitude of his contribute to the study of peculiar folklore in Sicily: "Demopsicologia" through which a part of popular Italian poetry, foreign popular poetry and short stories, have been brought to new life. Pitre has impressed the academic interest on such this folkloristic studies and through this new essay, we may now see more clearly the greatness of his contribution to a discipline that lead us close to our real cultural belongings.


We must approach African literature with an insight into, and a feeling for, those aspects of African life which stand beyond the work itself, its extension into the African experience, and its foundation into the very substance of African existence....This approach, in its fullest and widest meaning, implies that our criticism should take into account everything that has gone into the work, and specifically for our literature; everything within our society which has informed the work.... --Abiola Irele Introduction Abiola Irele's pronouncement used epigrammatically as a scaffold for this essay is a reminiscence of the influence of the Afrocentric movement on the African literature. Afrocentric reasoning has led to various attempts to dislodge the literature from the canonical influences of the Western literary tradition and criticism. This has indubitably divided the critics of African literature into two broad camps. While some--Izevbaye (1969), Palmer (1981) and Oyegoke (2003) for instance--advance the argument that any conscious attempt to break African literature away from the theoretical postulates of Western criticisms will amount to a suicidal dismemberment from the unified body of literary activities, others like Ngara, Iyasere, Nnolim, Achebe et cetera strongly defend the need to discourage the pseudo-universalist's critical approximations of African literature by the damaging encrustations of the imperialists. These opposing dispositions have resulted into a palpable gulf between the critics of African literature to whom we refer (like the Bolekaja) as either "Eurocentric" or "Afrocentric" critics. The Eurocentric critics of African literature are those who exhibit Western literary attitude in their approach to the literature. Their critical practice places African literature in a literary realm where its aesthetics is evaluated with the postulates of the Western critical theories. The Afrocentic African critics are, however, those who advocate literary/critical autonomy for the African literature. These critics, most of whom are radical African intellectuals, often seek to rescue African literature from the dominance of Western literary theories. The genesis of a critical African perspective in the criticism of the African literature dates back to the desire among the African elites to liberate the literature from the poly-dialectic criticisms of Western aesthetics. Afrocentric African critics, therefore, seem to recommend the 'Africanized' tools for African literature. This is, perhaps, as a result of the bid to puncture the inflated dominance of the Eurocentrically governed prejudices which have viewed African literature as an appendage of its Western counterpart. Anadolu-Okur however tells us that Afrocentricity had developed as "a paradigm which recognizes the centrality of African ideals in African phenomenon since 1960's in the Black American literary foundations" (1993:88). This no doubt takes the foundations beyond the Bolekaja critics who employed the term to "grind axes" with the like of Soyinka and Izevbaye. In a broader term, the African perspective "calls for a redefinition or elimination of certain terms that connote racism and prejudice" (Anadolu-Okur, 1993:98). There is no doubt that the Bolekaja critics themselves are mere apostles of the ideology. The Bolekaja's radical dimension to an African centered perspective revolutionized the criticism of African literature and it has since become apparent that the ideological gulf between the African centered and Euro-centered has come to stay. The aligning tendency with the African centered as may be exhibited here does not suggest a total repudiation of Western literary theories. Hence we do not intend to adopt the brutish techniques of absolutists like the 'Troika' (who rained "pettifogging abuses" on almost all the African apologists of the Western critical dogma) here. Even as we say that the trio of Chinweizu, Jemie and Madubuike are quite useful in the Afrocentric renaissance, their radical suggestions on African novel as having its matrix in the pre-novelistic African verbal form will not be wholly acceptable. …


In this paper, Lifted Wavelet Transform (LWT) and BP neural network are used for automatic flaw classification of pipeline girth welds. LWT is proposed to extract flaw feature from ultrasonic echo signals, ideally matched local characteristics of original signal and increasing the computational speed and flaw classification efficiency. After extracting features of all flaw echoes, a feature library is constructed. A modified BP neural network is followed as a classifier, trained by the library. When feature of any flaw echo is extracted and sent to BP network, flaw type is the output, realizing automatic flaw classification. Experiment results prove the proposed method, LWT with BP neural network, is more fit for automatic flaw classification than traditional methods.


To evaluate the prevalence and clinical features of affective disorders (AD) associated with subcortical ischemic cerebrovascular disease (mainly localized in the deep areas depending from the anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries), a prospective clinical study was carried out in 43 patients with lacunar infarctions (LI). It was found that AD were uncommon in these patients (25%) (1/43). The prevalences of depression in the major lacunar syndromes of the series were the following, from more to less common: pure motor hemiparesis (35%) (7/20); dysarthria-clumsy hand (25%) (1/4); pure sensorial syndrome (16.5%) (2/12), and atypical syndromes (no patient). The capsular topography was associated with AD in 32% (7/22); this association was more uncommon in thalamic (15%) (2/13) or pontine (25%) (1/4) areas. AD had a significant predominance (p = 0.027) in the lesions involving the dominant cerebral hemisphere (63.5%), mainly when these resulted in clinically mild or moderate/severe disability. Past history of AD was also significantly associated with depression (p = 0.0018). Our results show that affective disorders in lacunar infarctions are usually associated with: 1) the type of clinical syndrome; 2) the topography of the lesion; 3) the involved cerebral hemisphere; 4) the associate neurological focality, and 5) the previous occurrence of affective disorders.


Summary Although many native species are now used in the revegetation of soil disturbances in Australian alpine areas, exotic species were, until recently, the only components of seed mixes. The use of exotic species and fertilizer was justified by their availability and low cost, and the prediction that native species would replace the exotic sward, presumably once soil nutrient levels dropped to those found in native vegetation. There was no apparent regard for the invasive capacities of the exotic species used. An investigation of a road verge on the Bogong High Plains, revegetated with a mixture of exotic species in the late 1950s, has shown that colonization by native plants can be very slow. Although many native species had colonized by 1993, exotic species still provided 50% of the cover. Agrostis capillaris accounted for most of this. The major native colonizers were Carex spp., Colobanthus affinis, Euchiton spp., Leptinella filicula, Poa hiemata, Ranunculus victoriensis and Scleranthus biflorus. Poa hiemata provided by far the most cover of the native colonizers. There have been considerable increases in the cover and number of native species on the verge since 1989. Cattle grazing and trampling are likely to have limited colonization of native plants prior to the removal of livestock in 1991. Recommendations are made on approaches to future revegetation in the alpine area.


Referring video object segmentation (R-VOS) is an emerging cross-modal task that aims to segment the target object referred by a language expression in all video frames. In this work, we propose a simple and unified framework built upon Transformer, termed ReferFormer. It views the language as queries and directly attends to the most relevant regions in the video frames. Concretely, we introduce a small set of object queries conditioned on the language as the input to the Transformer. In this manner, all the queries are obligated to find the referred objects only. They are eventually transformed into dynamic kernels which capture the crucial object-level information, and play the role of convolution filters to generate the segmentation masks from feature maps. The object tracking is achieved naturally by linking the corresponding queries across frames. This mechanism greatly simplifies the pipeline and the end-to-end framework is significantly different from the previous methods. Extensive experiments on Ref-Youtube-vos, Ref-DAVIS17, A2D-Sentences and JHMDB-Sentences show the effectiveness of ReferFormer. On Ref-Youtube-vos, ReferFormer achieves 55.6 J&F with a ResNet-50 backbone without bells and whistles, which exceeds the previous state-of-the-art performance by 8.4 points. In addition, with the strong Video-Swin-Base backbone, ReferFormer achieves the best J&F of 64.9 among all existing methods. Moreover, we show the impressive results of 55.0 mAP and 43.7 mAP on A2D-Sentences and JHMDB-Sentences respectively, which significantly outperforms the previous methods by a large margin. Code is publicly available at https://github.com/wjn922/ReferFormer.