Wetting of surfaces by liquids is observed in many natural and technical processes. Efficient wetting of surfaces can lead to technological advancement in the field of aeronautics, medical and forensic science, cosmetics etc. In all these applications complex liquids wet complex surfaces. Wetting investigation of textured and soft surfaces has gained popularity due to its relative importance in the aforementioned fields. Soft surfaces provide a unique feature through their capacity to deform when subjected to external forces. The unbalanced surface tension force arising from the normal component of the surface tension force, results in pulling the surface upwards at the triple phase contact line. Combining this deformation at the contact line, with the deformation due to the Laplace pressure at the contact area results in a crater like shape. This deformation at the contact area shortens evaporation time, influences particle deposition pattern and drop spreading kinetics. The effects arising from the elasticity and the surface tension of the soft substrates have been combined together what is being known as Elastocapillary effects. The knowledge of the effect not only helped in getting a new perspective on the behavior of soft substrates but also gave an explanation to the many observed phenomena that were previously unexplained. The goal of this thesis is to study the effects of softness, viscoelasticity and external body force on the dynamic wetting of soft substrate and non-Newtonian liquids.
The experimental investigations in this thesis span over two main areas. Firstly, the influence of the substrate and liquid viscoelasticity on initial stages of spreading and drop impact outcomes is investigated. Secondly, the influence of the external body force on the spreading and sliding of viscous drops on soft surfaces is studied. Performed spreading experiments with Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids showed that the early drop dynamics can be described by a power law r = Ct^n. However, on hard surfaces the power law exists during the entire duration of the spreading process whereas on soft surfaces there is a transition to a slower spreading rate which is dominated by the viscoelastic dissipation at the contact line. The transition time is dependent on the softness of the substrate. Spontaneous wetting experiments with non-Newtonian drops showed faster contact line velocity as compared to the Newtonian drops. In the case of drop impact, several new outcomes were observed for non-Newtonian liquids impacting hydrophobic soft surfaces. Fingering-splashing was observed for non-Newtonian drop splashing on soft surfaces. This phenomenon was prominent for polymer solutions with high polymer molecular weight. A regime map related the outcome of the experiments with the viscoelasticity of the substrate.
Investigation on the influence of the external body force on the spreading and sliding of drops of Newtonian liquids with different viscosities rest on soft surfaces was carried out. A custom built device called Kerberos (Division of Chemical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki) facilitated the experiments. A rotating arm helped to impart the rotational force on the drop. The drop underwent increasing tangential force while maintaining the normal force components zero. The drop spread under the tangential force and started to slide after a critical rotational speed was reached. The monitoring of the drop during the spreading and sliding revealed that on hard surfaces the drop spreads and slides keeping its semi-spherical shape intact. On soft surfaces the drop was severely deformed. It was also observed that the viscous drops started to spread and slide at a lower rotational speed than low viscosity liquids. A relationship between the equilibrium shear modulus of the substrate and the aspect ratio of the deformed drop was established.


Infliximab (IFX) is increasingly used in the management of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC) and as a 'rescue' treatment for acute severe UC (ASUC) but primary non response (PNR) and colectomy rates remain significant. Reasons for IFX treatment failure in ASUC are multifactorial but immunogenicity and faecal loss of drug are thought to be important factors. Emerging evidence suggests accelerated 'rescue' IFX dosing may be more effective. The aim of this work was to establish if a relationship exists between faecal IFX levels, disease activity, and clinical outcomes early in IFX treatment.

 Patients with UC were prospectively recruited following initiation of IFX and designated as ASUC or non-ASUC based on Truelove and Witt's criteria. Stool and serum were collected on days, 0, 7, 14, 28 and, 42 after initiation of IFX. Additional samples on days, 1–5 after IFX were obtained from inpatients. Albumin and CRP results were extracted from electronic patient records. Faecal calprotectin (FC) was measured using ELISA (CALPROLAB). Faecal IFX within the first, 2 weeks of treatment was analysed using a Promonitor-IFX-1DV ELISA assay, performed on the Triturus ELISA instrument. R studio was used to calculate areas under the curves of the time series. Spearman's rank correlation test was used for correlation analysis.

 20 patients were recruited, 12 with ASUC. Faecal IFX correlated strongly with FC (ρ=0.793;p<0.001) (Fig., 1), and moderately with CRP (ρ=0.51;p=0.02), and serum albumin (ρ=-0.51;p=0.02). The correlation was strongest between faecal IFX and FC within in the first week (ρ=0.93;p<0.001), and less strong for crp (ρ=0.481;p=0.037) and albumin (ρ=-0.474;p=0.04). Higher faecal IFX was associated with increased colectomy and PNR rates but this did not reach statistical significance (p=0.098). A rapid decline in median FC was seen after initiation of IFX with a rebound rise in FC observed at day, 3 of IFX treatment (Fig. 2).

 In this small cohort, faecal loss of IFX was associated with increased markers of systemic and luminal inflammation. Its role as a biomarker for disease severity, treatment response and clinical outcomes warrants further investigation. The rapid fall but early rebound rise in FC may support the need for earlier accelerated dosing in ASUC. However, larger studies are needed to establish the optimal early IFX regime to improve clinical outcomes.
 References
 Papamichael et al. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2018;47:478–484.
 Hindryckx et al. Aliment Pharmacol Ther., 2017 March;45(5):, 617–630
 Brandse et al. Gastroenterology., 2015 Aug;149(2):350–5


INTRODUCTION
Scrub typhus, an acute febrile illness, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is an important cause of pyrexia of unknown origin in regions of endemicity. This disease is mostly underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed, the reasons for this being a combination of factors which include clinical manifestations that can mimic other infections, lack of easy and reliable diagnostic methods and variation among strains in endemic areas. Hence, easy and reliable methods of diagnosis will contribute to rapid identification and treatment of the infection.

AIM
The aim of the study was to compare four different methods of detection of scrub typhus and to identify one single test or a combination of tests detecting maximum number of cases.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
One hundred and forty-five suspected scrub typhus cases were included in this study. Duration of fever and presence of eschar in each patient was noted down. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to detect Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to detect three genes of Orientia, namely, 56 kDa, 16S rRNA, and groEL were done on these samples. The results of each test were analyzed to identify the test picking up maximum number of positive samples. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test. The level of significance was set at p<0.05.

RESULTS
These tests showed that IgM ELISA (93%) and PCR (68%) picked up maximum number of positives. Statistical analysis performed using Chi-square test between the diagnostic assays showed that the p - value <0.001 was significant for IgM ELISA. Among the molecular markers, p-value was significant (<0.001) for groEL PCR. Further analysis of eschar positivity and duration of fever also showed that groEL PCR could detect DNA of the bacterium even in cases with 10 days of fever and this PCR was the best among the molecular markers used to detect the infection.

CONCLUSION
This study suggests that IgM detection by ELISA and conventional groEL PCR, either in combination or alone, depending on the duration of fever, would enhance the diagnosis of scrub typhus.


Diocese. This book is the story of her pilgrimage from the point when she was diagnosed as having breast cancer. It describes her roller-coaster journey from initial shock, through reactions to treatment, hopes of cure, disappointment at recurrence, to learning to live with her condition. This is a very honest book. She shares with us her terror, anger and despair, her negative if suppressed response to well-meaning professionals who don't really understand. It is also a profoundly theological book and especially engaging because the theology has been forged in the cauldron of personal struggle. This book is about finding meaning through exploring in the light of the Cross themes related to blame, healing, wholeness and acceptance. The book is enriched as the author shares with us parts of her personal journal as she copes with her cancer and her recovery. An Appendix relating to Practical Matters is all the more valuable coming from the pen of one who has 'been there'. This book should be


This study aims to determine the level of transformational leadership among primary school headmaster in 3 schools in Kuching district in terms of idealized influence, individual consideration, intellectual stimulation and inspirational motivation and the organisational commitment of primary school teachers. The model of transformational leadership developed by Bums (1978), Bass (1985) and the organizational commitment model which was developed by Meyer and Allen (1991) served as the theoretical framework for the study. The transformational leadership classified into inspirational motivation intellectual stimulation and individual consideration. Sampling consisted of 150 teachers from three schools. Questionnaire is used for the survey and for collecting the data for the study. The instruments used in the study are "Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire" (MLQ). Cronbach alpha reliability value of .9575 obtained from the pilot study of 22 teachers. The questionnaires were collected and analyzed by using Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) 11.5 in terms of frequency and mean. The results showed that the level of transformational leadership practices of primary school headmaster in Kuching district is high and all the dimensions of transformational leadership were examined also showed higher mean values. The research indicated that the level of teacher's organizational commitment was high too.


The variety of data is one of the most challenging issues for the research and practice in data management systems. The data are naturally organized in different formats and models, including structured data, semi-structured data, and unstructured data. In this survey, we introduce the area of multi-model DBMSs that build a single database platform to manage multi-model data. Even though multi-model databases are a newly emerging area, in recent years, we have witnessed many database systems to embrace this category. We provide a general classification and multi-dimensional comparisons for the most popular multi-model databases. This comprehensive introduction on existing approaches and open problems, from the technique and application perspective, make this survey useful for motivating new multi-model database approaches, as well as serving as a technical reference for developing multi-model database applications.


The estimation of evapotranspiration is essential in water resources management. Among a group of methods, the Penman–Monteith has been commonly applied to calculate reference evapotranspiration as this method has been also recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the U.N. (FAO). Other methods widely used are: the FAO 24 Penman, the modified Blaney and Criddle, the FAO 24 Makkink, and the Hargreaves. Sensitivity analysis is required to gain a better understanding of the meteorological systems; particularly to indicate the physical meaning of each meteorological parameter used in the estimation of the reference evapotranspiration. Several dimensionless sensitivity coefficients have been proposed, based on the partial derivative of the dependent variable (reference evapotranspiration) to the independent variables (meteorological variables). In this paper, a new sensitivity coefficient is proposed to drive sensitivity analysis of the evapotranspiration methods. The new sensitivity coefficient uses the partial derivative and the standard deviation of each independent variable. The meteorological variables, whose influence has been examined, are all the necessary meteorological parameters for the calculation of reference evapotranspiration, such as temperature, solar radiation, wind speed and relative humidity for each method. Data from the automatic meteorological station of Aminteo in the Prefecture of Florina, Western Macedonia, were used. The sensitivity coefficients were calculated for each month, year and irrigation period. The comparison of the sensitivity coefficients is performed for the month of water peak demand (July), the irrigation period and the year for each evapotranspiration method. Results show that the influence of the variables to evapotranspiration is not the same for each period, and also the order that the variables influence evapotranspiration is changing. A comparison between the five evapotranspiration methods shows that solar radiation and temperature are the main parameters that affect evapotranspiration, while relative humidity and wind speed are not so important for the calculation of evapotranspiration.


Thin electrochromic coatings were obtained by co-grinding the mTiA particle aggregates (300 nm in size) with open-corner heptaisobutyl trisilanol POSS (T(8) IB(7)(OH)(3) POSS) acting as dispersant. After the addition of titanium tetraisopropoxide (3-5%) the mTiA pigment dispersion was deposited on FTO glass and plastic ITO PET foils and coatings were obtained by thermal treatment at 150 °C. Optical transmittance and luminous haze from 2 to 6% of the coatings were determined from the corresponding UV-Vis spectra. The achieved electrochromic effect was evaluated by electrochemical charging/discharging in 1 M LiClO(4)/PC electrolyte. Results revealed that the colouring/bleaching changes depended on the extent of grinding and the size of the milling zirconia beads, enabling to distinguish between the surface charging of the mTiA grains and the filling and emptying of the anatase density of states. mTiA pigment coatings deposited on plastic foil were used in combination with Ni(1-x)O pigment coatings for construction of foil-based electrochromic device employing novel gel electrolyte with ionic liquid co-solvent.


High speed machining is one of the advanced manufacturing technologies which have developed quickly in recent years. Tool technology is key factor which will make influence to the efficiency and precision of HSM. The paper has analysis the HSM tool technology in terms of material, shank structure and tool balance. It brings forward that tool material with high property must match with workpiece to get high efficiency and precision in HSM. Three type of shank are introduced and using HSK can get better working performance due to its double-surface positioning and short tapered shank. The paper finally put forward the online balancing test technology which can achieves the actual signal collection of dynamic balance, and make technical analysis as well as processing in high-speed cutting.


This paper is concerned with unsteady laminar boundary layers on solid bodies in the presence of a fluctuating external flow of small amplitude. Any containing enclosures are assumed to be at infinity. Compressibility is ignored and conditions are given under which this and other approximations are valid. Special attention is focussed on the phenomenon of the formation of a steady-streaming flow, induced by the Reynolds stresses in the oscillatory boundary layer: it is shown that, if the characteristic Reynolds number of the steady streaming is large, there is an outer boundary layer within which the steady-streaming velocity decays to zero. The thickness of this outer layer is large compared with that of the inner (oscillatory) layer, but small compared with a typical dimension of the body. The partial differential equation for the flow in the outer layer is solved in a typical case by a generalization of a series-expansion method due to Fettis. Similarity solutions of the equation are also described. The theory is applied specifically to the case of flow generated by a circular cylinder oscillating along a diameter in an infinite fluid. Qualitative agreement is obtained with experiments performed by Schlichting.


This article studies the problem of eternal life from a philosophical perspective. It focuses on the approaches of Bergson, Husserl, and Heidegger from contemporary philosophy, and shows that using these three philosophical approaches can better explain certain aspects of revealed theology, such as resurrection of flesh, eternity in a transcendent dimension, and eternal life as the angels in heaven. In this way, a point of interaction between philosophy and theology is highlighted.


A review is presented of 164 nephrotic patients who were older than 60 years at the onset of their nephrotic syndrome, together with a review of more than 1,000 patients from the literature. The nephrotic syndrome in elderly patients is as common as in younger adults, but is often misdiagnosed as "heart failure" by primary physicians because of its rarity, especially if the jugular venous blood pressure (BP) is increased. Clinical features differ little from those of younger patients, although both an increased jugular venous BP and a presentation in potentially reversible acute renal insufficiency is more common than in the young. Inevitably, both survival and the toll of treatment side effects are higher than in their younger counterparts. Nevertheless, the effects of the nephrotic syndrome itself can be disastrous in debilitated elderly individuals and treatment, where available, should not be withheld on grounds of age alone. Membranous nephropathy is particularly common as a cause of the nephrotic syndrome in the elderly (35%), as well as minimal change disease (16%) and primary amyloidosis (12%), so that renal biopsy is even more necessary in elderly nephrotics, and again should never be withheld on grounds of age alone. It remains controversial whether neoplasias are more common in elderly nephrotics than the control population, and screening need only consist of a chest radiographic and fecal occult blood testing.


This paper analyzes the puzzle why did Indonesia maintain durable economic and socio-cultural relations with Taiwan? In order to answer that question, this paper argues that due to the Indonesian people as promoter of ideas lead interactions with Taiwan, Indonesia is able to maintain its durable economic and socio-cultural relations with Taiwan despite under the absence of diplomatic relations. People-to-people interaction builds three kinds of interactions between Indonesia and Taiwan on the issue of economic and socio-cultural: unofficial interaction, semi-official interaction, and official interaction. This paper employs Indonesian perspective approach that stressed on the pattern of relations that stem from people-to-people interactions between Indonesia and Taiwan. Thus, the paper aims to fill the gap in the literature on Taiwan and Indonesia relations that mostly focus on analysis of economic diplomacy, interest (Leifer 2001; Ku 1995, Leong 1995, Lee 1990, Klintworth 1995, Rich 2009), shifting on international order (Ku;1998), and the PRC's factor on Indonesia and Taiwan relations (Ku 2002; Irawan 2006).


OBJECTIVES
To determine whether a rule-based algorithm applied to an outpatient electronic medical record (EMR) can identify patients who are pregnant and prescribed medications proved to cause birth defects.

DESIGN
A descriptive study using the University of Pennsylvania Health System outpatient EMR to simulate a prospective algorithm to identify exposures during pregnancy to category X medications, soon enough to intervene and potentially prevent the exposure. A subsequent post-hoc algorithm was also tested, working backwards from pregnancy endpoints, to search for possible exposures that should have been detected.

MEASUREMENTS
Category X medications prescribed to pregnant patients.

RESULTS
The alert simulation identified 2201 pregnancies with 16,969 pregnancy months (excluding abortions and ectopic pregnancies). Of these, 30 appeared to have an order for a non-hormone category X medication during pregnancy. However, none of the 30 'exposed pregnancies' were confirmed as true exposures in medical records review. The post-hoc algorithm identified 5841 pregnancies with 64 exposed pregnancies in 52,569 risk months, only one of which was a confirmed case.

CONCLUSIONS
Category X medications may indeed be used in pregnancy, although rarely. However, most patients identified by the algorithm as exposed in pregnancy were not truly exposed. Therefore, implementing an electronic warning without evaluation would have inconvenienced prescribers, possibly hurting some patients (leading to non-use of needed drugs), with no benefit. These data demonstrate that computerized physician order entry interventions should be selected and evaluated carefully even before their use, using alert simulations such as that performed here, rather than just taken off the shelf and accepted as credible without formal evaluation.


ABSTRACT This paper examines the phenomenon of career transitions in terms of learning using an autoethnographic story of our own career moves. In the contemporary world of globalized flexible employment, inter-organizational career moves are increasingly prevalent and the learning associated with such transitions needs to be better understood within human resource development (HRD). We show that the learning required in career transitions extends beyond the acquisition of new knowledge and the development of new skills to the appropriation of new identities. We overview identity theorizing and, adopting a social constructionist perspective, explain the concept of identity work to understand the nature of identity learning in career transitions. We then reflexively examine our autoethnographic methodology, proceed to tell the story of our career transitions, and then interpret this story in terms of identity learning. Conclusions are drawn showing how the learning associated with career transitions involves conscious and unconscious identity work to release an established way of being, cultivate a new and desired way of being, and to cope with the existential anxieties associated with transition. Significant implications for international HRD scholarship, policy, and practice are proposed.


Stereoselective self-sorting of hemiaminal ethers (koneramines) and hemiaminal thioethers (thiokoneramines), which are N3 ligands, evolved from the system of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde, mono-N-substituted ethylenediamine, primary alcohol or thiol, is observed when metal ions such as nickel(II), copper(II), zinc(II) and cadmium(II) are added as external stimuli to isolate the emergent molecule. Interestingly, copper(II) and zinc(II) ions are found to specifically coordinate with syn-hemiaminal ether or anti-hemiaminal thioether equatorially, while nickel(II) and cadmium(II) ions coordinate specifically with anti-hemiaminal ether facially or anti-hemiaminal thioether equatorially. Another system of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde, N-phenylethylenediamine, methanol, copper(II) and cadmium(II) shows a beautiful example of emergent phenomena, where anti-cadmium complex precipitates out cleanly from the system while syn-copper(II) complexes stay in the solution, whereas the same system yields only syn-copper(II) complex when the amount of metal ions is doubled. Interestingly, nickel(II) is the emergent complex when Ni(II) and Cd(II) are used, while copper(II) is the emergent complex when Ni(II) and Cu(II) are used. Amazingly, copper(II) is the sole emergent complex when a mixture of Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II) is used. Only anti forms of thiokoneramine are found to coordinate equatorially with Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II) or Zn(II) when the stereoselective self-sorting is performed in ethanethiol. This stereoselective self-sorting process has been substantiated by the analysis of isolated molecules with analytical techniques such as electrospray mass ionisation spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.


Apoptotic resistance is a hallmark of human cancers. Recent advances have contributed to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that intimately integrate cell metabolism and apoptosis. Coordinated activation of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family and the caspase family during apoptosis often leads to permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane and release of multiple enzymes that normally function in regulating energy production and metabolism. The roles of these metabolic enzymes in promoting caspase activation demonstrate a primordial need to couple apoptotic cell death and metabolic catastrophe during cellular destruction. The Bcl-2 family also directly interacts with the multiple metabolic regulators to protect or promote mitochondrial damage during apoptosis. However, the integration of metabolism and apoptosis is not simply limited to the maintenance of mitochondrial integrity. A recent study demonstrates that the NatA complex, a protein N-α-acetyltransferase complex, is required for DNA damage-mediated apoptosis and suggests that regulation of protein acetylation might provide an important mechanism for regulating apoptotic sensitivity. Since acetyl-CoA (coenzyme A) is a key cofactor for the NatA complex, protein acetylation is subject to the availability of acetyl-CoA and, thus, under metabolic regulation. The revelation that protein N-α-acetylation is regulated by Bcl-xL, a major antiapoptotic mitochondrial protein, demonstrates a mechanism by which metabolism can regulate the activation of multiple key apoptotic factors simultaneously.


Client card describing work completed at the Roman Bronze Works Foundry for Mr. Walter Ashfield, including a job number, brief description, monetary amount, and dates associated with each entry.


Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is an environmentally friendly anodizing technique leading to the formation of a ceramic-like coatings under high-voltage discharges. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were grown directly on γ, α, and amorphous Al2O3 powders, respectively, in order to investigate the phase responsible for in-situ LDH growth on PEO coating. Furthermore, it is shown that LDH growth is limited by the high tortuosity of the PEO layer and the accessibility of Al ( OH ) 4 − anions from the substrate covered with thin amorphous aluminum oxide, through the pores.


The federal Race to the Top competition provided significant impetus for states to adopt value-added models as a part of their teacher evaluation systems. Such models typically link students to their teachers in the spring semester when statewide tests are administered and estimate a teacher's performance based on his or her students' learning between the test date in the previous school year and the test date in the current year. Because of data limitations in many states, however, the effect of most student learning experiences between two consecutive tests cannot be distinguished from, and hence is often attributed to, the value added of teachers in the spring classrooms. This study examines how teacher evaluations are affected by such misattribution and explores methods that can provide the best approximation in the absence of more detailed data. We find that ignoring previous school-year teachers' contributions on student learning has a sizeable impact on estimated value-added scores for teachers in the current school year. We also present an alternative approach that can be implemented in the absence of more detailed data on student learning experiences and closely approximates teacher value-added scores that are estimated based on complete student enrollment and roster information.


The aim of this paper is to present new empirical evidence on the characteristics of service trader firms using a novel dataset for Hungary. In the period of slowing growth of goods trade, services, which are more resilient to cycles and are growing steadily since the crisis, might open new alternatives for foreign trade expansion. By using firm level data for the period 2006-2014, this paper documents a series of stylized facts as follows. First, services exporters or goods and services exporters (bi-exporters) are even fewer than goods exporters, but they are present in almost all major sectors of the economy. Even manufacturing firms trade in services. Second, average yearly export values are higher for bi-exporters, both in services and goods. Third, services exporters outperform goods exporters in various dimensions: they are larger in terms of employment, give higher wages, have higher labor and total factor productivity. The effect of exporting slightly differs by industries and it is more pronounced for SMEs than for large companies. Service traders increase their productivity before starting to export and increase it further after entering foreign markets. Lastly, there is also some evidence on switching trader status. Earlier services exporter status is positively correlated with future services exporter status and bi-exporter status, indicating that firms might be willing to diversify their export portfolio in the goods-services dimension and not only along product/service type and destination country, as documented earlier. Most of the above findings prevail for importing as well.


Lawmakers in developed and developing countries are expanding legal protections for trademarks – words, combinations of colors, signs, letters, numerals, figurative elements and designs meant to convey the origin and quality of firms' goods or services. The purported rationales underlying trademark protection are promotion of competition and reduction of consumers' information costs. Trademark law promotes competition by giving trademark holders an incentive to invest in the quality of goods or services and then associate that quality with a relatively easy-to-identify brand, mark or logo. The law punishes private actors who attempt to free-ride on the goodwill built by the trademark holder by counterfeiting or infringing upon the trademark. Consumers benefit because they are able to select products or services on the basis of these brands, marks or logos, reducing the costs of comparing products, researching third-party evaluations or otherwise informing themselves about which product or service will best fit their needs. Although trademark law developed in order to protect fair competition and consumer expectations, trademark proprietors increasingly use their new legal protections not only against private competitors but against the state for regulations intended to protect consumers from misleading information, warn them of product risks or educate them as to product qualities. These claims do not originate with, nor are they limited by, the theoretical purpose of trademark protection to ensure fair competition between economic players and secure inexpensive information for consumers. Instead, these claims are based on private property theories equating trademarks with more traditional forms of real and personal property. Trademark holders regularly dispute the boundary for legitimate regulation and demand compensation for mandates that encumber or "take" a trademark's value. This Article outlines a trademark-specific condemnation regime which requires that trademark holders show that regulations uniquely affect product distinction before entitling them to compensation for a regulatory taking.


We study collisions between two strongly interacting atomic Fermi gas clouds. We observe exotic nonlinear hydrodynamic behavior, distinguished by the formation of a very sharp and stable density peak as the clouds collide and subsequent evolution into a boxlike shape. We model the nonlinear dynamics of these collisions by using quasi-1D hydrodynamic equations. Our simulations of the time-dependent density profiles agree very well with the data and provide clear evidence of shock wave formation in this universal quantum hydrodynamic system.


Research has shown that numerous psychological changes can occur in and through collective action. Previous research on psychological consequences of participation in collective action has mainly focused on one change at a time and has rarely included a theoretical explanation for the change. The present study therefore investigates the range and possible connections between changes occurring in collective action. We interviewed participants (n = 28) involved in an environmental campaign in Sweden which included interaction with the police. Through thematic analysis of the data we found that the participants connected several psychological changes to aspects of their participation. Specifically, participants related these changes to two intertwined processes: intergroup interaction and intragroup interaction. We suggest that intergroup interaction (specifically conflict with the police outgroup) can affect intragroup processes (e.g., support and unity), which in turn can influence psychological change (e.g., empowerment and skills). Through the study, we develop and contribute to previous research by: 1) documenting a range of possible changes occurring through collective action participation, and 2) exploring the different psychological processes related to the changes. The implications of this research and future challenges are discussed in relation to developing the social identity approach.


The water discharge from the heavily glacierized Sary-Jaz River Basin (Eastern Kyrgyzstan) is of high importance for the very arid Tarim Basin located in Xinjiang (north-western China). We investigated glacier changes in the entire Sary-Jaz River Basin, which covers a large part of the Central Tien Shan, for the period from 1990 to 2010 based on Landsat 'TM'/'ETM+'data. We found 1310 glaciers (>0.1 km2), which covered 2055 ± 41.1 km2 (∼18% of the entire basin) in 1990. The glaciers shrank by 77.1 ± 57.1 km2 (3.7 ± 2.7%) until 2010. This is considerably lower than in most other ranges of the Tien Shan. The lowest insignificant area loss (−1.5 ± 2.7%) was found in the eastern part of the basin where the largest glaciers and highest peaks are situated. Debris-covered glaciers shrank significantly less than clean-ice glaciers of comparable size. We also identified a few advancing glaciers which show surge characteristics. Climate data from the Tien Shan weather station (3614 m asl.) close to the study region showed no significant long-term trend.


This paper proposes a novel admission control architecture for video-on-demand servers, which provide deterministic guarantees on the maximum delay of video traffic and increase the network resource utilization. The framework take advantage of the fact that stored video streams can be processed off-line to calculate the space and time parameters in order to estimate its effective bandwidth under the many sources asymptotic regime. The automatic generation of video data representation (packetized and encapsulated in network protocols) in textual format allows a full characterization of the underlying process so as to precisely calculate its bandwidth requirements. To bypass the traffic prediction problem, since the off-line estimation does not capture the exact dynamics of the video stream in the time domain, the link is divided into several virtual links, where only streams with same content are multiplexed (group multiplexing approach). The admission control is aided by a Database Management System, where a stored procedure decides whether to accept or reject a connection by simple compare the sum of effective bandwidths for the traffic streams with the available resources. The efficiency of the model is analyzed and compared with the deterministic approach. It achieves accuracy and high channel utilization.


Digital libraries have become an essential tool for researchers in all scientific domains. With almost unlimited storage capacities, current digital libraries hold a tremendous number of documents. Though some efforts have been made to facilitate access to documents relevant to a specific information need, for a new researcher who is discovering a research field, such a task remains a real challenge. Indeed neophytes do not necessarily use appropriate keywords to express their information need and they are not necessarily qualified to evaluate correctly the relevance of documents retrieved by the system. In this study, we suppose that the retrieval system in a digital library should take into consideration features other than content-based relevance. To test this hypothesis, we use machine learning methods and build new features from several metadata related to documents. More precisely, we propose to consider as features for machine learning: content-based scores, scores based on the citation graph and scores based on metadata extracted from external resources. As acquiring such features is not a trivial task, we analyze their usefulness and their capacity to detect relevant documents. Our analysis concludes that the use of these additional features improves the performance of the system for a neophyte user. In fact, by adding the new features we find more documents suitable for neophytes within the results returned by the system than when using content-based features alone.


All contracts are necessarily incomplete. The inefficiencies of bargaining over every contingency, coupled with humans' innate bounded rationality, mean that contracts cannot anticipate and address every potential eventuality. One role of law is to fill gaps in incomplete contracts with default rules. The blockchain is a distributed ledger that allows the cryptographic recording of transactions and permits "smart" contracts that self-execute automatically if their conditions are met. Because humans code the contracts of the blockchain, gaps in these contracts will arise. Yet in the world of "smart contracting" on the blockchain, there is no place for the law to step in to supply default rules — no legal intervention point. The lack of a legal intervention point means that law on the blockchain works in a fundamentally different way from law in the corporeal world. Business organizational law provides a prime example of how the law uses default rules to fill gaps in an incomplete contract and how the law works differently in the blockchain context.


Arnold Chiari malformation (ACM) is herniation of brain stem structures, especially cerebellar tonsils, from the foramen magnum into the cervical spinal canal. Sleep-related respiratory disorders are reported at a higher rate in this patient group than the general population, at about 60-75%. A 43-year-old male patient was diagnosed with ACM type 1.5 at the center where he applied with complaints of weakness in the extremities, speech disorder and syncope triggered by coughing, and a decompression of posterior fossa (PFD) was applied to the patient. Since 2018, the apnea attacks, which were able to be 6-7 times a night every night, last in 30 seconds, with eyes open, inactivity and bruising, have started in the patient, so in all night-time polysomnography (PSG) examination for diagnostic purpose, apnestic breathing including continuous, central and mixed type apneas in sleep and wakefulness was detected. Different modes (CPAP, BPAP-S/T, ASV) were tried with the cannula placed on the tracheostomy in the PSG performed for non-invasive mechanical ventilation therapy, but none alone was effective. In the patient, whom IVAPS/AVAPS mode was tried, all abnormal breathing events, irregular apnetic breathing pattern and oxygen desaturations were effectively controlled in all positions, wakefulness and all sleep stages with pressure support, respiratory rate and tidal volume support. PFD is recommended as the first-line treatment for the treatment of obstructive or central type apneas in ACM; Information on non-invasive mechanical ventilation therapy is insufficient. In this case, we aimed to present the difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of sleep-related respiratory disorders in a patient whom ACM diagnosed, PFD was applied but underwent permanent trachoestomy due to bilateral vocal cord paralysis.


We propose the establishment of a new species, Streptomyces avermectinius, based on characterization of strain MA-4680(T) and morphological and phylogenetic comparisons with closely related members of the genus Streptomyces. The 16S rDNA sequence was obtained from this strain and used to place it among Streptomyces species using the variable alpha region and the nearly complete 16S rDNA sequence. Four Streptomyces species were selected as related species from phenotypic data, three species from phylogenetic databases on alpha region sequences and two species from phylogenetic data using nearly complete 16S rDNA sequences. Analysis of DNA-DNA hybridization tests distinguished strain MA-4680(T) from these eight Streptomyces species. The type strain is strain MA-4680(T) (= ATCC 31267(T) = NRRL 8165(T)).


In the task of quantum state exclusion, we consider a quantum system prepared in a state chosen from a known set. The aim is to perform a measurement on the system which can conclusively rule that a subset of the possible preparation procedures cannot have taken place. We ask what conditions the set of states must obey in order for this to be possible and how well we can complete the task when it is not. The task of quantum state discrimination forms a subclass of this set of problems. Within this paper, we formulate the general problem as a semidefinite program (SDP), enabling us to derive sufficient and necessary conditions for a measurement to be optimal. Furthermore, we obtain a necessary condition on the set of states for exclusion to be achievable with certainty, and we give a construction for a lower bound on the probability of error. This task of conclusively excluding states has gained importance in the context of the foundations of quantum mechanics due to a result from Pusey, Barrett, and Rudolph (PBR). Motivated by this, we use our SDP to derive a bound on how well a class of hidden variable models can perform at a particular task, proving an analog of Tsirelson's bound for the PBR experiment and the optimality of a measurement given by PBR in the process. We also introduce variations of conclusive exclusion, including unambiguous state exclusion, and state exclusion with worst-case error. 9


In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, high-rise buildings could be considered as a hallmark of the contemporary cityscape, and a solution for the continuous urbanisation.
Many benefits, such as preserving natural and green spaces in the city, and increasing the access to views, light, and air at height could be achieved. However, several impacts of such buildings could affect the social life of residents. The social dimension in recent developments has considerably less attention than economic and environmental
dimensions. This research aims to develop a method for addressing the social aspect in the design of high-rise residential buildings, which could enhance the social life between neighbours, and improve the well-being qualities, such as privacy and security.
Computation, as a tool for manipulating ideas, managing design parameters, and solving problems, is adopted to create synergies amongst a community's cultural, social, and environmental aspects. Currently, the main focus of computational models is primarily limited to building performance, optimisation, and functional requirements. Yet, qualitative factors, such as social, cultural and contextual aspects are also important as they. The study
aims to offer architects a computational tool that guides the emergence of sustainable solutions for high-rise residential buildings, and leads the building to be in harmony with the context and preferences of users.
According to social survey conducted by the researcher in the study area, through distributing questionnaires to families from 17 countries, results of 173 responses showed
that there are lower levels of social interaction between neighbours in contemporary buildings due to the lack of gathering areas. Moreover, the excessive use of glazed facades, and the sudden transition from public to private zones, destructed the privacy of the family and the specifics of the cultural context. On the other hand, the survey exposed potentials and impacts of vernacular houses and neighbourhoods on residents that could have effects
on social interaction between families and their privacy. Yet, the vernacular model might not be compatible with the requirements of modern constructions while employing the latest technologies and materials.
The study adopted a critical regionalism approach that creates a balance between tradition and the importance of progress and development. A systematic model of analysis, which combines 'spatial reasoning' and 'space syntax' methods, was suggested to discover the morphology of vernacular houses and neighbourhoods, and explore spatial topologies that have social or experiential significance. The model added new aspects, such as hierarchy of
spaces, orientation, type of enclosure, shared surfaces, and geometric properties of spaces, to the justified graph of Hiller and Hanson, as a representation of formal and social realities.
A total of 13 social indicators, with different units of representation, such as numbers, diagrams, and textual descriptions, were identified, and used to define spatial parameters,rules, and constraints. Results extracted from the analytical process for historical cases showed that courtyards, public spaces, and hierarchy of spaces are major features that have potentials to create a balance between social interaction and privacy. These results were
combined with principles of shape grammars, and transformed into spatial rules that are associated with parameters and descriptions.
Grammars that address the design of vernacular houses and neighbourhoods, were combined with requirements of high-rise buildings, and used for the construction of a
parametric computational tool for the design of vertical residential developments. The developed tool supports the recognition of the design brief for high-rise residential buildings, with the possibility of changing geometric and spatial parameters. Moreover, it offers an alternative method for implementing strategies of social sustainability and maximising the connection with the context, culture, and people. The tool was used by the researcher, in
addition to professionals and architecture students through an experimental study, to generate different solutions for high-rise residential buildings. The analysis of new
alternatives showed that most cases achieved successfully principles of social sustainability.
Moreover, usability evaluation for the tool that assesses the efficiency of the tool in the early stage of the design was conducted through distributing a questionnaire on the same participants. Results of the evaluation process showed that the developed interface offers designers a tool to investigate a class of satisfactory design alternatives that are not expected rather than a single best solution. It gives the user a flexible way to capture the relationship between public and private zones, and insert a series of public courtyards distributed on the different levels of the building, with the possibility of generating a private courtyard inside each apartment. Such a process, which is managed by a set of predefined social and spatial rules, confirming the design process as a balance between creativity and rationality.
Moreover, it is a transition from standard mass buildings to contemporary-vernacular projects that respect the cultural context, climate, and people.


SARS-CoV-2, identified in Wuhan, China, for the first time in December 2019, is a new viral strain, which has not been previously identified in humans; it can be transmitted both by air and via direct and indirect contact; however, the most frequent way it spreads is via droplets. Like the other viruses belonging to the same family of coronaviruses, it can cause from mild flu-like symptoms, such as cold, sore throat, cough and fever, to more severe ones such as pneumonia and breathing difficulties, and it can even lead to death. Since no effective specific drug therapy has been found yet, nor any vaccine capable of limiting the spread of this pathogen, it is important for ways of preventing the spread of this infection to be established. The purpose of our research was to provide a protocol to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection in light of the limited information related to this coronavirus. In detail, we analysed and searched targeted evidence-based guidelines issued in the various countries affected by this epidemic up till now. In addition, we analyzed the recommendations for the prevention and control of other epidemics caused by other pathogens belonging to the same family of coronaviruses or others that present the same mechanisms of transmission. General organizational measures regarding the containment and management of the epidemiological emergency of COVID-19 have been imposed by the competent authorities for an adequate and proportionate management of the evolution of the epidemiological situation. The prevention and protection organizational measures therefore aim to minimize the probability of being exposed to SARS-CoV-2. For this purpose, measures must also be taken at work to avoid new infections or even the spread of the virus where it has already been present. Furthermore, environmental measures are aimed at reducing the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to individuals through contact with infected subjects, objects, equipment, or contaminated environmental surfaces. Protective devices must be used whenever there is potentially close contact with a suspect case, especially when the potentially infected person does not wear a surgical mask that could reduce the spread of viruses in the environment. By adopting this specific prevention and protection measures recommended in the workplace, it will be possible to help overcome this COVID-19 pandemic.


ABSTRACT This paper arose out of a shared concern about how to explore young children's ways of becoming-writers. A framework based on the nomad thought of French philosophers Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari was used to develop the analysis. A situated, relational and nomadic analysis offers insights into how processes of becoming-writers are produced, how they emerge and transform, as shown in this qualitative study of two Swedish early childhood classrooms. The analysis shows how social, cultural, linguistic, material and technological aspects interconnect and transform, and how this interrelatedness influences and forms six-year olds as writers. Young students constitute themselves as writers of classrooms through relating to the conventional norm of writing while simultaneously engaging in exploratory, creative and unpredictable processes of writing.


The first and strongest signs of global-scale climate change exist in the high latitudes of the planet. Evidence is now accumulating that the Arctic is warming, and responses are being observed across physical, biological, and social systems. The impact of climate change on oceanographic, sea-ice, and atmospheric processes is demonstrated in observational studies that highlight changes in temperature and salinity, which influence global oceanic circulation, also known as thermohaline circulation, as well as a continued decline in sea-ice extent and thickness, which influences communication between oceanic and atmospheric processes. Perspectives from Inuvialuit community representatives who have witnessed the effects of climate change underline the rapidity with which such changes have occurred in the North. An analysis of potential future impacts of climate change on marine and terrestrial ecosystems underscores the need for the establishment of effective adaptation strategies in the Arctic. Initiatives that link scientific knowledge and research with traditional knowledge are recommended to aid Canada's northern communities in developing such strategies.


The concentration of nitrogen and phosphorous in SiC bulk material and epitaxial layers was investigated using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). The advantage of TOF-SIMS of acquiring a complete mass spectrum in a single run was used to identify the most sensitive atomic ion or ionic cluster for the selected element to be monitored. For the investigation of N with its intrinsic low ionization yield the use of a Cs containing cluster ion is necessary. Selection of a CNCs2 + cluster allows to reach a detection limit of about cN,min » 5×1016 cm-3. In the case of P the elemental ion was used. However, the adjacent mass of 30SiH influences the P peak as well as its background and has to be suppressed. This can be achieved by limiting the residual gas re-adsorption during the measurement resulting in a detection limit of about cP,min » 5×1015 cm-3. These measurement parameters were used to investigate a single crystal SiC bulk sample grown by the modified Lely method with intentional P doping and an N doped epitaxial SiC layer sample.


Aim: Breast cancer accounts for about 30% of all cancers in women. Breast cancer in women takes the fifth place in cancer-related deaths. In Europe, 180,000, and in the United States (USA), 184,000 new cases are determined annually. In this study, we aimed to contribute to future Turkey breast cancer map, that will be formed, by determining histologic distribution and prognostic determinants of breast carcinomas in our region. Materials and Methods: Mastectomy materials reveived between 2002-2017 were re-evaluated and prognostic factors were documented. Results: There were 423 cases. Most of the cases were invasive ductal carcinomas. Most of the cases were older than 51 years. There were lymph node metastases in the two thirds of the cases.Both estrogen and progesteron receptor positivity rate was 82%.Cerb B2 expression was defined in more than 80% of cases. Most of the cases were grade 2, and the ratio of grade 1 cases was very low. Conclusion: Most of the invasive breast cancer cases are invasive ductal carcinoma. Most of the tumors are 2-5 cm in dimensions. Estrogen and progesteron expression rates are lower, but axillary lymph node metastases rates are higher in high grade cancers.


We examine the passivity and stability of quasi-static partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) models. The impact of inaccuracies in the computed partial element values is considered as a possible source of time domain instabilities. Our analysis shows how existing partial element calculation routines, analytical and numerical, and the use of poor mesh generators can introduce large errors in partial element values. We also show how this affects the passivity and stability of the PEEC model. Theoretical constraints for passivity are derived which depend on accuracy of partial element values. The conditions are verified by performing practical PEEC model analysis.


The modern high current, high voltage pulsed accelerators utilize vacuum-post-hole convolutes to add the current of a number of parallel self Magnetic Insulated Transmission Lines (MITL) to a single one located very close to the centrally located load. The reason of course of using several parallel MITL's to transfer the current pulse from large, ~1.5 m, radii to the 1-2 cm load is to reduce the transfer inductance. For example, the vacuum chamber of the 24-26-MA Z machine has a 1.45-m radius vacuum section containing four parallel conical MITLs merging into one 6cm radial disc MITL adjacent to the centrally located load via a double post-hole convolute array located at 7.62 cm from the axis. Although special care has been taken to reduce the electrical stresses on the cathode hole surfaces in order to avoid electron emission, substantial current losses, 4-6 MA, are observed most probably due to plasma formation and the unavoidable magnetic nulls. In the proposed experiments we will study the behavior of only one convolute using the MYKONOS-V driver. MYKONOS-V is a Linear Transformer Driver (LTD) voltage adder composed of 5 nominally 1-MA cavities connected in series. The voltage adder radial A-K cavity is deionized water insulated. The experimental set-up is designed in such a way to reach conditions on the convolute very similar to those existing on Z. Most importantly, in contrast to Z, it provides full view of the convolute for optical and spectroscopic imaging and gives the flexibility and freedom to study various options in an effort to reduce the convolute losses without affecting the day-to-day Z experiments. This is going to be a dedicated convolute study experiment. The hardware design, numerical simulations and proposed diagnostics will be presented and discussed.


Markov chain Monte Carlo using the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm is a general method for the simulation of stochastic processes having probability densities known up to a constant of proportionality. Despite recent advances in its theory, the practice has remained controversial. This article makes the case for basing all inference on one long run of the Markov chain and estimating the Monte Carlo error by standard nonparametric methods well-known in the time-series and operations research literature. In passing it touches on the Kipnis-Varadhan central limit theorem for reversible Markov chains, on some new variance estimators, on judging the relative efficiency of competing Monte Carlo schemes, on methods for constructing more rapidly mixing Markov chains and on diagnostics for Markov chain Monte Carlo.


Spherical samarium doped ceria (Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9, SDC) powders having high specific surface area (SSA) were successfully synthesized by carbon-assisted spray pyrolysis (CASP). Saccharides, such as monosaccharides and disaccharides, or organic acids were used as carbon sources. The physical and chemical properties of these powders were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermo gravimetry-Differential Thermal Analysis (TG-DTA), and BET. Decarbonized powders obtained by this method exhibit spherical morphologies and nano- and submicron-sizes. The SSA of SDC obtained from CASP was more than seven times higher than that obtained from conventional spray pyrolysis (CSP). The SSA of the decarbonized SDC powders obtained by calcination at 900 °C was estimated to be approximately 70 m2/g by using the BET method. The relative density of SDC obtained from CASP was higher than that obtained from CSP. The relative density of the SDC pellet was highest (96 %) when it was sintered at 1400 °C.


Many health sciences librarians as well as other professionals attend conferences on a regular basis. This study sought to link an innovative peer review process of presented research papers to long-term conference outcomes in the peer-reviewed professional journal literature. An evidence-based conference included a proof-of-concept study to gauge the long-term outcomes from research papers presented during the program. Real-time peer review recommendations from the conference were linked to final versions of articles published in the peer-reviewed literature. The real-time peer review feedback served as the basis for further mentoring to guide prospective authors toward publishing their research results. These efforts resulted in the publication of two of the four research papers in the peer-viewed literature. A third presented paper appeared in a blog because the authors wanted to disseminate their findings more quickly than through the journal literature. The presenters of the fourth paper never published their study. Real-time peer review from this study can be adapted to other professional conferences that include presented research papers.


From the perspective of the Emmaus narrative in Luke 24, this thesis is a literary critical analysis of Jesus' table fellowship as an expression of the eschatological kingdom. Other themes in Luke's Gospel are interpreted as they relate to table fellowship and eschatology. The first two chapters establish the programmatic character of Luke 24. Chapters three through five examine the structure of the Emmaus narrative by analyzing five concentric circles (24:13-16, 31-33). Chapters six through twelve interpret the center circle divided into the colloquium (24:17-27), the breaking of the bread (24:28-30), and the conclusion (24:34-35). These chapters introduce the colloquium's setting, investigate the christology of the Emmaus disciples and Jesus' opponents, analyze Lukan meals and meal metaphors, and focus on the teaching and meal of Jesus at Emmaus. In eating with society's outcasts, Jesus teaches about the kingdom and the forgiveness of sins. His table fellowship provides a motive for the Jewish authorities to plot his death. The first time Jesus is recognized by faith as the crucified and now risen Messiah occurs in the Emmaus narrative of burning hearts from the teaching "on the road " and revelation "in the breaking of the bread." This culminates Jesus' table fellowship. The recognition of the risen Christ in Jesus at Emmaus is at the same time an acknowledgment of the presence of the eschatological kingdom in his table fellowship. Emmaus is the transition between the meals of Jesus and early Christian meals. Thus Emmaus is both the climax of Luke 24 and the Gospel. As an anamnesis of Jesus' entire table fellowship, it sets the pattern of Christian worship as one of teaching and eating.


The Paleocene (66–56 Ma) was a critical time interval for understanding the geological history in high palaeolatitudes after the end of Cretaceous event (recovery from mass extinction, palaeoclimate, global sea level changes, among others). The sedimentary succession from Seymour Island (Antarctic Peninsula) provides key reference material from this important phase of the early Cenozoic. A detailed age model is proposed for the Lopez de Bertodano Formation (LBF), Sobral Formation (SF) and Cross Valley–Wiman Formation (CVWF) based on a new magnetostratigraphic section which integrates previous dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphy, Iridium anomaly (K-Pg boundary), U-Pb zircon dating (airfall tuff) and strontium isotope values from macrofossils. The new composite magnetostratigraphic section, which includes the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, has been correlated to the GPTS from C29r up to C24r. The top of the LBF is confirmed as latest Maastrichtian to earliest Danian (~65.4 Ma) in age. The overlying SF is mostly Danian in age (~65.2– ~63 Ma) and CVWF is Selandian–Thatenian (~61.3–56.9 Ma). LBF, SF and CVWF are unconformity-bounded units (alloformations) that record the geological evolution of the James Ross Basin during a period of relative decreasing tectonism but coeval with volcanic activity. Unconformity based internal units have been recognized, dividing each formation into allomembers (LBF: Molluscan and Cenozoic; SF: A, B and C; CVWF: Diaz, Aranado, Bahia Pinguino). The new age model allows correlation of base-level changes with eustatic sea-level fluctuations. The bases of the SF and CVWF are correlated with the 65.3 and 61.5 Ma sea level lowstands. Citation:Montes M, Beamud E, Nozal F, et al. Late Maastrichtian–Paleocene chronostratigraphy from Seymour Island, James Ross Basin, Antarctic Peninsula: Eustatic controls on sedimentation. Adv Polar Sci, 2019, 30(3): 303-327, doi: 10.13679/ j.advps.2018.0045


We consider the propagation of massive-particle de Broglie waves in a static, isotropic metric in general relativity. We demonstrate the existence of an index of refraction that governs the waves and that has all the properties of a classical index of refraction. We confirm our interpretation with a Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin solution of the general-relativistic Klein–Gordon equation. Finally, we make some observations on the significance of the optical action.


The relationship between headache that matches cervical origin pain patterns, occupation, gender, age, and hours of work is examined in a randomly sampled, never-injured population. Although gender was established as a significant factor in the association between occupation and headache, age and hours of work were shown to have no effect. Women working in managerial and professional occupations had a significantly higher risk of cervical origin headache when compared with women working in either clerical or blue collar occupations. A similar association for men was not noted.


In the present study, some acetamide derivatives were synthesized and their potential analgesic activities were investigated. N-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-2-[(1-substituted-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thio]acetamide derivatives were obtained by the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 2-chloro-N-(benzothiazole-2-yl)acetamides with appropriate tetrazol-5-thioles. The chemical structures of the compounds were elucidated by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and FAB+-MS spectral data and elemental analyses. The prepared compounds were investigated for their potential analgesic properties against thermal, mechanical and chemical nociceptive stimuli using hot-plate, tail-clip and acetic acid-induced writhing tests, respectively. The assessment of motor coordination was carried out using Rota-Rod test. Tested compounds applied at 100 mg/kg doses caused significant decrease in acetic acid-induced writhing responses and increase in hot-plate and tail-clip latencies. None of the compounds exhibited destructive effect on motor coordination of the mice in Rota-Rod performance.


Abstract In April 1983, the "Fourth World Conference on Transport Research" was held in Hamburg. For a period of four days, experts from all parts of the world discussed transport research and planning problems. The discussions were divided into eight so‐called 'sub‐topics'. Fortunately, one of the sub‐topics, 'Man and his Transport Behaviour' (chaired by Moshe Ben‐Akiva, U.S.A. and Werner Brog, Federal Republic of Germany) dealt with the individual and his behaviour. This complemented the traditionally supply‐oriented thinking of the transport planners by introducing the demand component which had frequently been neglected in the past. Since the view has become increasingly widespread that transport is meant to serve people, and thus, that research should emphasize the (potential) users of the transport system, the number of papers submitted and presented on this sub‐topic was especially large. However, the number of papers which could be included in the 'Conference Proceedings' was limited and this woul...


Cooling Methods for High-Power Electronic Systems Thermal management is a crucial step in the design of power electronic applications, especially railroad traction and automotive systems. Mass/size parameters, robustness and reliability of the power electronic system greatly depend on the cooling system type and performance. This paper presents an approximate parameter estimation of the thermal management system required as well as different commercially available cooling solutions. Advantages and drawbacks of different designs ranging from simple passive heatsinks to complex evaporative systems are discussed.


Density, biomass and fish-habitat correlations were estimated for selected species of herbivorous fish on crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS) impacted and control reefs in the central Great Barrier Reef. The objective was to investigate a long-term numerical and/or biomass response to increased food availability (algal turfs) on COTS affected reefs. Out of 14 variates investigated, 2 showed evidence of a numerical response on COTS affected reefs. Importantly, total number of individuals and total biomass showed no response. Instead, a negative effect (i.e. higher abundances on control reefs) was detected for Zebrasoma scopas, although thls was attributable to very high abundances on one of the non-impacted reefs (Coil). Density of Sjganus corallinus was higher on COTS impacted reefs; however, this was not greater than variability over time. On COTS affected reefs, there was a negative correlation of herbivorous fish with thick turf algal abundance and a positive correlation with live coral cover, whereas on non-affected reefs, there were a similar number of positive and negative correlations w ~ t h thick turf algae and live coral. Additionally, a distinct cross-shelf trend in length frequency of Acanthurus nigrofuscus was observed. Differences in food availability, wave energy and intraspecific competition were hypothesized to be important factors In this observed distribution.


Six new co-crystals of theophylline with some substituted carboxylic acids, amides and one active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) have been synthesized. These new theophylline (THP) co-crystals with picolinamide (PIC), 3,4-dichlorobenzoic acid (DCB), 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoic acid (4Cl3NB), 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzoic acid (4F3NB), p-hydroxybenzamide (HBEN) and acetazolamide (ACZ) were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. THP–PIC, THP–DCB, THP–4Cl3NB and THP–4F3NB adopt 2D flat structures, while the other two, THP–ACZ and THP–HBEN, are 3D interlocked structures. The co-crystals having a 2D structure show shearing behaviour on application of a mechanical stress in a qualitative sense, whereas the interlocked crystals are associated with brittleness in nature. This series of co-crystals give a better picture of the structure–property correlation on the basis of inherent crystal packing. The presence of strong intralayer interactions and weak interlayer interactions in 2D layered crystals is crucial in imparting softness in THP–DCB, THP–PIC, THP–4Cl3NB and THP–4F3NB.


Abstract. This paper examines the results of image enhancement and point cloud filtering on the visual and geometric quality of 3D models for the representation of underwater features. Specifically it evaluates the combination of effects from the manual editing of images' radiometry (captured at shallow depths) and the selection of parameters for point cloud definition and mesh building (processed in 3D modeling software). Such datasets, are usually collected by divers, handled by scientists and used for geovisualization purposes. In the presented study, have been created 3D models from three sets of images (seafloor, part of a wreck and a small boat's wreck) captured at three different depths (3.5m, 10m and 14m respectively). Four models have been created from the first dataset (seafloor) in order to evaluate the results from the application of image enhancement techniques and point cloud filtering. The main process for this preliminary study included a) the definition of parameters for the point cloud filtering and the creation of a reference model, b) the radiometric editing of images, followed by the creation of three improved models and c) the assessment of results by comparing the visual and the geometric quality of improved models versus the reference one. Finally, the selected technique is tested on two other data sets in order to examine its appropriateness for different depths (at 10m and 14m) and different objects (part of a wreck and a small boat's wreck) in the context of an ongoing research in the Laboratory of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.


"21st Century Criminology: A Reference Handbook" provides straightforward and definitive overviews of 100 key topics comprising traditional criminology and its modern outgrowths. The individual chapters have been designed to serve as a 'first-look' reference source for most criminological inquires. Both connected to the sociological origins of criminology (i.e., theory and research methods) and the justice systems' response to crime and related social problems, as well as coverage of major crime types, this two-volume set offers a comprehensive overview of the current state of criminology. From student term papers and masters theses to researchers commencing literature reviews, "21st Century Criminology" is a ready source from which to quickly access authoritative knowledge on a range of key issues and topics central to contemporary criminology.


Refractory hypertension (RfHTN) is an extreme phenotype of antihypertensive treatment failure defined as lack of blood pressure control with ≥5 medications, including a long-acting thiazide and a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. RfHTN is a subgroup of resistant hypertension (RHTN), which is defined as blood pressure >135/85 mm Hg with ≥3 antihypertensive medications, including a diuretic. RHTN is generally attributed to persistent intravascular fluid retention. It is unknown whether alternative mechanisms are operative in RfHTN. Our objective was to determine whether RfHTN is characterized by persistent fluid retention, indexed by greater intracardiac volumes determined by cardiac magnetic resonance when compared with controlled RHTN patients. Consecutive patients evaluated in our institution with RfHTN and controlled RHTN were prospectively enrolled. Exclusion criteria included advanced chronic kidney disease and masked or white coat hypertension. All enrolled patients underwent biochemical testing and cardiac magnetic resonance. The RfHTN group (n=24) was younger (mean age, 51.7±8.9 versus 60.6±11.5 years; P=0.003) and had a greater proportion of women (75.0% versus 43%; P=0.02) compared with the controlled RHTN group (n=30). RfHTN patients had a greater left ventricular mass index (88.3±35.0 versus 54.6±12.5 g/m2; P<0.001), posterior wall thickness (10.1±3.1 versus 7.7±1.5 mm; P=0.001), and septal wall thickness (14.5±3.8 versus 10.0±2.2 mm; P<0.001). There was no difference in B-type natriuretic peptide levels and left atrial or ventricular volumes. Diastolic dysfunction was noted in RfHTN. Our findings demonstrate greater left ventricular hypertrophy without chamber enlargement in RfHTN, suggesting that antihypertensive treatment failure is not attributable to intravascular volume retention.


The Arctic region has increasingly come to be seen in a new light because of the global transformations resulting from the disruptive challenges of climate change and shifting global political, social and economic patterns. The harsh environmental conditions there have long constrained economic activity. The climate crisis, while having a negative impact on the region in some senses, opens up new prospects for development in others. The Arctic has become a geopolitical hot spot where global and regional players seek to increase their influence. On one side, the Arctic possesses vast natural resources and increasingly will be an important global source of bio-resources. The area is also one of geopolitical tension. On the other side, the Arctic represents a "temperature gauge" for distant pollution and waste in the sea. At the same time, powerful voices from supranational institutions are putting heavy pressure on preserving the Arctic as a kind of "nature protected area" with s evere restrictions on economic activity and human impact. This paper draws attention to the tension between the regional interest in maintaining and developing a socially, economically and biologically sustainable area of human settlement and the more detached interest in preserving the Arctic as a nature reserve. The study approaches Arctic development from a social, ecological and environmental point of view, mapping key development drivers and the changing geopolitical context. The research utilizes scenario methodology and qualitative expert interviews combined with comprehensive literature studies. Four scenarios illustrate how the Arctic might look in 2050 and what the implications might be for the sustainable development of the region from the economic, social and environmental perspectives.


Organisms can protect themselves against parasite‐induced fitness costs through resistance or tolerance. Resistance includes mechanisms that prevent infection or limit parasite growth while tolerance alleviates the fitness costs from parasitism without limiting infection. Although tolerance and resistance affect host–parasite coevolution in fundamentally different ways, tolerance has often been ignored in animal–parasite systems. Where it has been studied, tolerance has been assumed to be a genetic mechanism, unaffected by the host environment. Here we studied the effects of host ecology on tolerance and resistance to infection by rearing monarch butterflies on 12 different species of milkweed food plants and infecting them with a naturally occurring protozoan parasite. Our results show that monarch butterflies experience different levels of tolerance to parasitism depending on the species of milkweed that they feed on, with some species providing over twofold greater tolerance than other milkweed species. Resistance was also affected by milkweed species, but there was no relationship between milkweed‐conferred resistance and tolerance. Chemical analysis suggests that infected monarchs obtain highest fitness when reared on milkweeds with an intermediate concentration, diversity, and polarity of toxic secondary plant chemicals known as cardenolides. Our results demonstrate that environmental factors—such as interacting species in ecological food webs—are important drivers of disease tolerance.


The multi-dimensional and dynamic nature of rangeland
degradation makes accurate assessment a difficult challenge. Existing assessment methods rarely integrate
different components of land degradation and local communities rarely participate, or derive results that can improve the sustainability of their land management.
Sustainability indicators offer one solution to this problem. They can be used by a
range of stakeholders to derive multi-disciplinary information that can be used to both monitor and respond
to environmental change. However,it is increasingly claimed
that existing sustainability in dicators provide few benefits to local users who, as a consequence rarely apply them. The thesis therefore starts by reviewing land
degradation causes and theoretical models in semi-arid
rangelands and critically evaluates a range of degradation
assessment methods in the semi-arid rangelands of
Botswana. This shows that multi-source,multi-scale land degradation assessment can provide more accurate and
reliable results than the use of any single technique
alone. This information is used to identify potential land degradation "hotspots",and a learning process for sustainability assessment is developed and tested in three of these problem areas. The process is designed to facilitate two-way and meaningful interaction between local communities, researchers and policy-makers to monitor
environmental sustainability and respond appropriately.
Application of the process identified a range of innovative management options that could prevent,reduce, reverse or help rangelands takeholders adapt to land degradation.Communities identified a wide range of sustainability indicators, the majority of which were
validated through field-based research. Local knowledge
was more holistic than many published indicator lists for monitoring rangelands, encompassing vegetation,soil,
livestock,wild animal and socio-economic indicators.By building on local knowledge,the indicators and management options were familiar to land users who could apply them
without specialist training or equipment. Indicators and
management options were integrated in a manual-style
Decision Support System designed to help land managers easily monitor progress and adapt management to
reach sustainability goals. These findings emphasise the value of local knowledge in rangeland monitoring and management. However, they also emphasise the need to
integrate this with the knowledge of researchers, and open dialogue about environmental sustainability between communities, researchers and policy-makers.
By combining qualitative insights from participatory research with more top-down empirical research it has been possible to produce more accurate and relevant results
than either approach could have achieved alone. However, the future success of this work depends to a large extent on institutional reform in Botswana, as many of the
management options are only likely to be effective under common property land tenure.


Abstract : By the use of intracellular electrodes a presynaptic effect of HC-3, hemicholinium no. 3, was shown at the mammalian neuromuscular junction. This effect was demonstrable only when the transmitter was released from the motor nerve terminals at a high rate and consisted of a progressive decline in the size of the miniature end-plate potentials and in the quantal components of the end-plate potentials as the transmitter was released. Releasing the transmitter by nerve stimulation or by increased potassium ion concentration were equally effective in eliciting the phenomenon. Post-synaptic chemosensitivity as measured by bath application of carbachol was the same before and after the quantal units had become small as a consequence of stimulation of transmitter release in the presence of HC-3. The effect is attributed to an inhibition of ACh synthesis by HC-3, the quanta becoming smaller in size as the presynaptic stores of ACh become depleted. It is suggested that the amount of releasable ACh in the motor nerve terminals can be estimated from the sum of all endplate potentials and/or miniature end-plate potentials that can be elicited after blockade of ACh synthesis. (Author)


This volume reports on two main excavations at The Parks (1998) and London Road (1997-1998) carried out in Godmanchester (Cambridgeshire), plus a series of other smaller investigations. Excavations at both sites revealed prehistoric activity although the main focus was on the Romano-British evidence. At The Parks this included a 4th-century cemetery, evidence for early Romano-British land-division and 2nd- to 3rd-century pottery production, and at London Road evidence was revealed for ditched enclosures, a timber-framed building and industrial and livestock activities. A general overview and synthesis of the evidence, which includes a series of small finds, pottery and environmental reports, is given at then end.


Personal informatics research helps people track personal data for the purposes of self-reflection and gaining self-knowledge. This field, however, has predominantly focused on the data collection and insight-generation elements of self-tracking, with less attention paid to flexible data analysis. As a result, this inattention has led to inflexible analytic pipelines that do not reflect or support the diverse ways people want to engage with their data. This paper contributes a review of personal informatics and visualization research literature to expose a gap in our knowledge for designing flexible tools that assist people engaging with and analyzing personal data in personal contexts, what we call the personal informatics analysis gap. We explore this gap through a multistage longitudinal study on how asthmatics engage with personal air quality data, and we report how participants: were motivated by broad and diverse goals; exhibited patterns in the way they explored their data; engaged with their data in playful ways; discovered new insights through serendipitous exploration; and were reluctant to use analysis tools on their own. These results present new opportunities for visual analysis research and suggest the need for fundamental shifts in how and what we design when supporting personal data analysis.


The unidirectional solidification technology by a zone melting method was performed to obtain the large single domain YBCO. The interface morphology and chemical composition at the growth front of the YBCO crystal were investigated in order to make clear the growth characteristic of the YBCO crystal during melting growth by unidirectional solidification. It was found that YBCO crystal would cease growing when yttrium was depleted in the liquid phase at the YBCO crystal growth front. For maintaining the continuous growth of YBCO crystal, compositions of Y, Ba and Cu in raw samples have to be adjusted so as to make yttrium rich in the liquid phase at the YBCO crystal growth front during the melting growth process. It is very useful for the study on the mechanism of the YBCO crystal growth.


This chapter forces us to confront an issue that has long haunted education technology focused reformers ? what if we build it and nobody comes? Will learning objects end up alongside programmed learning machines, educational television, and video conferencing as technologies that were cool in their day, but never had anywhere near the impact on formal education that was predicted by early proponents. Perhaps the best way to ensure valued and valuable use of any technology is to ensure that lessons learned from early implementations are recycled back into design of subsequent products. Fortunately, we are yet in early times in the development of objects and thus the potential for both incremental and substantive change to the way we design and use these latest techniques is great. As importantly, the design and construction processes related to educational objects use and adoption are much different than the monolithic models of earlier technologies. Educational objects promise a flexibility of design and implementation that allows for and even demands creative input from both professional designers and practicing teachers. Thus, articles such as this one by Littlejohn, Jung and Broumley that not only document issues and concerns of early adopters but further provide new design models and heuristics are especially valuable.


The eucalypt forests of temperate eastern Australia contrast with many forests in tropical Australia, Asia, Africa and Central America in terms of degrees of sclerophylly, concentrations of nutrients in foliage, types and amounts of chemical challenges posed for herbivores, and the range of alternatives to foliage as food. Comparisons between digestive strategies employed by arboreal herbivorous marsupials and primates inhabiting these forests reveal several trends : (i) foregut-fermenters occur only in tropical and sub-tropical forests, whereas caecum and caecum-colon fermenters occur in both temperate eucalypt and the tropical forests ; (ii) the arboreal marsupials and primates (koalas, greater gliders, ringtail possums and sportive lemurs) that are the most folivorous are caecum or caecum-colon fermenters with colonic specializations for selective retention of small particles of digesta ; (iii) no caecum or caecum- colon fermenters lacking colonic separation mechanisms achieve consistently high degrees of folivory ; (iv) even the most folivorous foregut-fermenting arboreal marsupials (tree kangaroos) or primates (colobus monkeys) include a substantial proportion of high-quality components (fruits or seeds) in their diet. Caecum or caecum-colon fermentation with colonic separation is postulated to be essential for a high degree of folivory in small mammals because it offsets potential limits on intake of high-fibre food and minimizes losses of faecal nitrogen that otherwise would be prohibitive. This digestive strategy is common among folivores in eucalypt forests because the low abundance of large seeds and fleshy fruits limits folivory-frugivory and folivory-granivory. Foregut fermentation employing a sacciform/tubiform forestomach (as in tree kangaroos and colobus monkeys) is postulated to be optimal for mixed leaf/fruit and leaf/seed diets that are available in many tropical forests, assuming it allows high-fibre meals to be retained for microbial fermentation while permitting low-fibre meals to pass rapidly to the hindstomach for acid/enzymic digestion. However, foregut fermentation appears innappropriate for either primary frugivory or exclusive folivory due to the inefficiency of microbial digestion of simple sugars and constraints on microbial fermentation as a primary energy source for small mammals.


The UK referendum of 23rd June 2016 was a significant caesura in the history of the European integration process. The so called «Brexit» hit the Union during a complex and challenging situation. With regard to recent developments, the EU Commission introduced a white paper on the future of Europe on 1st March 2017, which sets out possible paths for the future of Europe and offers five scenarios for the Union's evolution by the year 2025.
The 9th network conference aimed to give an overview of the current reform proposals and opened a discussion amongst scholars for possible future structures of the EU.


The blockade of immune checkpoint receptors has made great strides in the treatment of major cancers, including melanoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, renal, and lung cancer. However, the success rate of immune checkpoint blockade is still low and some cancers, such as microsatellite‐stable colorectal cancer, remain refractory to these treatments. This has prompted investigation into additional checkpoint receptors. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) is a checkpoint receptor expressed by a wide variety of immune cells as well as leukemic stem cells. Coblockade of Tim-3 and PD-1 can result in reduced tumor progression in preclinical models and can improve antitumor T-cell responses in cancer patients. In this review, we will discuss the basic biology of Tim-3, its role in the tumor microenvironment, and the emerging clinical trial data that point to its future application in the field of immune-oncology.


Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The limited treatment options and poor prognosis of HCC patients underscore the importance of developing new therapeutic strategies. Infection with HBV and HCV are the major risk factors for developing HCC. While the precise molecular mechanisms that link HBV and HCV infections to the development and progression of HCC are not entirely understood, increasing evidence indicates that stimulation of angiogenesis by these viruses may contribute to HCC malignancy. In this review, we summarize the progress in understanding the role of HBV and HCV infection in liver and HCC angiogenesis, the mechanisms applied by these viruses to deregulate the angiogenic balance and the potential therapeutic options that come with this understanding.


Traditional marine lighting with low efficiency has been gradually replaced by high-efficiency electronic lighting equipment. However, these electronic lighting equipment are mainly for land use, and ignore unique lighting requirements of marine use, such as, temperature, vibration, etc. To confirm the applicability of land-use electronic light sources in a marine environment, several existing commercial electronic lamps are selected in this paper to replace traditional on-board light sources and then land and on-board tests are conducted according to maritime lighting regulations for comparison with traditional light sources in terms of performance. According to information in the test results, in response to the introduction of electronic lamps, existing ship lighting rules should be appropriately strengthened in terms of lighting and vibration test requirements. Meanwhile, general land-use electronic lamps should be strengthened with respect to vibration and lumens depreciation due to engine room environment. The analysis results can assist shipyards and ship owners in the selection of suitable electronic lamps, and can provide useful information to lighting equipment manufacturers for the development of lighting equipment that are suitable for electronic light sources for marine use.


As the welfare-reform debate begins to boil, the place to begin is with an elemental fact: no child in America asked to be here.
 Each was summoned into existence by the acts of adults. And no child is going to be spiritually improved by being collateral damage in a bombardment of severities targeted at adults who may or may not deserve more severe treatment from the welfare system.
 Phil Gramm says welfare recipients are people "in the wagon" who ought to get out and "help the rest of us pull." Well. Of the 14 million people receiving Aid to Families with Dependent Children, 9 million are children. Even if we get all these free-riders into wee harnesses, the wagon will not move much faster.


Turmeric is a member of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae). It contains i) curcumin, ii) demethoxycurcumin, and iii) bisdemethoxycurcumin. Curcumin is the active component in the turmeric and has promising pharmacological properties. Despite promising clinical potentials, it has limited clinical use due to poor bioavailability. Thus, improving the water-solubility and bioavailability of curcumin are very interested. One of the approaches to overcome low bioavailability of curcumin is the formulation of curcumin into nanoscale drug delivery systems working as nanocarriers. They are emerging strategies for therapeutic agents that cannot be used effectively as conventional drug formulations. In addition, they have many advantages such as improving the stability, ease of preparation, reducing the dose, reduction of side effects, and solubility enhancement. For this purposes, the aspects and role of nanoscale drug delivery systems in the solubility enhancement of curcumin was presented and discussed in this review.