The photosensitivity in germanosilicate fibers at 193 nm is studied and compared with that at 240 nm. As previously shown, it is found that, without hydrogen sensitization, the initiation of the phenomenon is a one-photon process for a high germanium content fiber and a two-photon process for a low germanium content fiber. However, when the low germanium content fiber is previously loaded with hydrogen, it is observed that the photo-induced index change initial growth rate varies linearly with the fluence, invoking a one-photon process. It is shown that external strains applied to the fiber strongly influence the mechanisms of the photosensitivity at 193 nm. Finally, an aging study is carried out.


Background: Although people with dementia receive substantial care from informal sources, there is limited research available that investigates how these carers experience end-of-life care. Aim: This review aimed to identify what is currently known about carers' experiences of providing end-of-life care to a family member or friend with dementia and draw implications for palliative care policy and service provision. Design: A scoping literature review was conducted, first using a targeted key word search, followed by assessments of eligibility based on title and then abstract content. Data sources: Records were sourced through PsycINFO, PubMed and CINAHL databases. Peer-reviewed papers published between 2000 and 2016, reporting on data collected directly from carers, were included for review. Results: Carers' experience centred on relationships (with care recipients, family and friends and health care professionals) and the specific context of caring for someone with dementia. These broad categories of carers' experiences had clear influences on them personally, particularly in relation to their sense of self and their wellbeing. Conclusion: Palliative care services would benefit from ensuring holistic approaches to supporting people with dementia, their carers and wider family networks. Tailoring services to the specific context of dementia would enable effective, personalised support throughout extended periods leading up to care recipient death as well as through the challenges faced beyond bereavement.


Achlorophyllous unicellular microalgae of the genus Prototheca (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) are the only known plants that cause infections in both humans and animals, collectively referred to as protothecosis. Human protothecosis, most commonly manifested as cutaneous, articular, and disseminated disease, is primarily caused by Prototheca wickerhamii, followed by Prototheca zopfii and, sporadically, by Prototheca cutis and Prototheca miyajii. ABSTRACT Achlorophyllous unicellular microalgae of the genus Prototheca (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) are the only known plants that cause infections in both humans and animals, collectively referred to as protothecosis. Human protothecosis, most commonly manifested as cutaneous, articular, and disseminated disease, is primarily caused by Prototheca wickerhamii, followed by Prototheca zopfii and, sporadically, by Prototheca cutis and Prototheca miyajii. In veterinary medicine, however, P. zopfii is a major pathogen responsible for bovine mastitis, which is a predominant form of protothecal disease in animals. Historically, identification of Prototheca spp. has relied upon phenotypic criteria; these were later replaced by molecular typing schemes, including DNA sequencing. However, the molecular markers interrogated so far, mostly located in the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) cluster, do not provide sufficient discriminatory power to distinguish among all Prototheca spp. currently recognized. Our study is the first attempt to develop a fast, reliable, and specific molecular method allowing identification of all Prototheca spp. We propose the mitochondrial cytb gene as a new and robust marker for diagnostics and phylogenetic studies of the Prototheca algae. The cytb gene displayed important advantages over the rDNA markers. Not only did the cytb gene have the highest discriminatory capacity for resolving all Prototheca species, but it also performed best in terms of technical feasibility, understood as ease of amplification, sequencing, and multiple alignment analysis. Based on the species-specific polymorphisms in the partial cytb gene, we developed a fast and straightforward PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay for identification and differentiation of all Prototheca species described so far. The newly proposed method is advocated to be a new gold standard in diagnostics of protothecal infections in human and animal populations.


! Home-monitoring represents an innovative and growing health service area in which suitable conditions have to be created for the attending doctor and also for the patient. For this it is necessary to offer the technical supply and also to establish simultaneously organisational structures in the cooperation between the doctor and the patient based on prevalent experiences of general ambulant care. The medical care as a whole can be optimised to be more patient-orientated by integrating assistant medical staff and by establishing modern IT communication channels. The evolving home-monitoring in consideration of the doctor-patient experiences can contribute to an improvement in the patient ' s quality of life.


The physicochemical properties of the six sources of dietary fiber more commonly consumed in Mexico were studied. The knowledge of these properties may allow a prediction of the functional effect of the fibers on the GI tract. The content of dietary fiber varied from 43% in wheat bran (WB) to 87% in Psyllium plantago (PP). Glucomannan (GM) showed the highest proportion of soluble fiber (97%) followed by dried cactus from Opuntia sp (DC) (28%) and PP (13%), whereas WB and soy isolate (SI) showed the highest proportion of insoluble fiber (95 and 92%, respectively). PP and GM showed a higher water holding capacity and viscosity and a lower ion exchange capacity: we anticipate that these fibers would be more effective to regulate plasma levels of glucose and cholesterol in contrast, WB and SI with a lower water holding capacity and viscosity and a higher proportion of insoluble fiber would be more effective to increase fecal bulk. Fibers from DC and from cactus fiber isolate were intermediate in these responses.


This creative work is the outcome of preliminary experiments through practice aiming to explore the collaboration of a Dancer/choreographer with an Animator, along with enquiry into the intergeneration of motion capture technologies within the work-flow. The animated visuals derived from the motion capture data is not aimed at just re-targeting of movement from one source to another but looks at describing the thought and emotions of the choreographed dance through visual aesthetics.


This paper presents a processing concept for autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)-based concurrent detection and classification (CDAC) of mine-like objects. In the detection phase, the AUV seeks objects of interest using a simple energy detector combined with a peak tracking mechanism. Upon detection, the processing mechanism changes to a higher order spectral (HOS) classification process. The system is demonstrated through theory, simulation and at-sea experiments to have promise in reducing the false alarm rate of mine detections. The HOS classification mechanism is also shown to have some benefit over classical spectral estimation in all cases. Components of the system concept were also demonstrated live onboard the AUV during the Generic Oceanographic Array Technology Sonar (GOATS 2002) experiment off the coast of Italy, while others are demonstrated using a comprehensive AUV sonar simulation framework


Cold War Southeast Asia Edited by MALCOLM H. MURFETT Singapore: Marshal Cavendish Editions, 2012. Pp. 376. Bibliography, Notes, Index. doi:10.1017/S0022463413000118 This refreshing and challenging collection of essays invites a reassessment of the place of Southeast Asia in the Cold War. In approaching this question, the strategies followed by the authors vary. Some pursue issues particularly illustrative of the approach taken by the great powers to Southeast Asia, often employing unusual or not previously exploited sources. Thus Brian P. Farrell, focusing on American nuclear doctrine as it was applied to the region, considers in some detail the British response to American plans. Despite some scepticism of the utility of using nuclear weapons against a concerted Chinese invasion, and having in any case few forces of their own to contribute, the British nevertheless cooperated in the development of 'Plan 4' for collateral reasons: The British decision to pledge nuclear weapons to Plan 4 was a calculated risk, hoping to reap some political benefits without having to pay any military price. The prizes were information about American plans and intentions, and influence over American policy; the risk was to commit the UK to a conflict it might not support, by pledging forces it might not be able to deploy, to reinforce an ally upon whom it depended. (p. 121) In this case the Cold War seems certainly to have been a key determinant of British policy towards Southeast Asia. The book contains other similarly focused studies. Mining an archive of training papers produced by US military officers, Brian M. Linn explores the conceptions of Southeast Asia held by the coming generation of military leaders, in whose analyses Cold War assumptions were powerful but not always determining. Sutayut Osornprasop approaches the question of Thailand's position by way of Bangkok's policy of countering the communist movement in Laos, where Thai irregulars were active participants for 15 years. In addition to these issue-oriented pieces there are competent survey chapters of specific countries, including Bruce Lockhart on Cambodia and Laos, Ricardo T. Jose on the Philippines, and Tan Tai Yong on Singapore. A model of clarity as well as of documentary grasp is the chapter by the editor on the British military commitment to Malaysia and Singapore. One of the consistent themes in the book is the extent to which this period in Southeast Asia's history cannot be reduced to the machinations of external powers. Of all Southeast Asian nations, this generalisation might be thought to apply especially to Indonesia, usually held to be the core or essential nation of the region, its distinctiveness and independence reflected not least in its prominent membership during these years of the non-aligned movement. Indeed, in the book's chapter on Indonesia, this distinctiveness is represented as an objective which transcended regime type: 'in terms of his envisioned regional order, Soeharto was not fundamentally different from Sukarno: he sought to reduce the influence of extra-regional powers and at the same time enhance the ability of the regional members to be masters in their own house'. (p. 310) It is remarkable therefore that the chapter's author, Dewi Anwar Fortuna, in her overview of the Soeharto era, should characterise its policies as largely the reflection of external influences. …


The most common way of separating homophony from syncretism — which is a basic challenge for any inflectional analysis: to distinguish between accidental and systematic form-identity — is attributing only the latter to a coherent feature combination instantiating a natural class. Features predetermine which form-identities can or cannot be analyzed as natural-class syncretism . Hence, they are crucial for the restrictiveness and predictions of morphological grammar. However, most current theoretical frameworks (e.g.] Anderson 1992, Corbett & Fraser 1993, Halle & Marantz 1993, Stump 2001) do not make explicit their assumptions regarding the formal status of features. They miss out on state-of-the-art formalisms to introduce feature notations like Formal Concept Analysis (FCA, going back to Wille 1982, Ganter & Wille 1999) which provides a formal model of conceptualization in general. In this paper, I will show how FCA provides an all-embracing terminology to reproduce, visualize, and compare feature systems from different morphological frameworks, enables more precise and consistent morphological analyses, and crucially serves to rule out excessively powerful notations where the feature combinatorics are decoupled from the distributional facts they represent.


Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide with half a million of new cases every year. Cervical cancer is caused by oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs), with HPV16 and 18 being the most frequently detected types. Genital HPV infections are common in the general population although most infections are cleared before causing malignancy. However a small proportion of the infections evade the immune system, become persistent and may cause cervical lesions and even invasive disease. Being the causative agent for cervical malignancy, HPV is an obvious target for cervical cancer diagnosis and prevention. Current screening programs, primarily based on cervical cytology, produce millions of suspicious samples every year. Specific tools to identify highgrade disease in these samples are needed to increase specificity for malignancy and thereby reduce referral rates and overtreatment. In the current study, monoclonal antibodies were raised against the E7 oncoprotein. E7 is an absolute prerequisite of malignant transformation and the protein is expressed at increasing levels during cancer development. E7 is therefore a suitable marker for HPV-induced malignancy. Antibodies specific for the E7 protein of oncogenic HPV types were selected using immunological methods such as ELISA, Western blot, Immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. Phage display was used to identify antibody epitopes thereby predicting and verifying antibody specificity. Two of the antibodies, recognizing HPV16 and 18 E7 respectively, demonstrated strong staining of dysplastic cells in HPV-positive specimens in immunocytochemistry and may thus have the potential to be used in a clinical setting. Since the antibodies detect the protein in Liquid-based cytology, which normally leaves residual sample after standard cytology, E7 testing can easily be performed without recalling the patient for additional sampling. Immunological detection of the E7 oncoprotein is an attractive alternative for triage of suspicious and borderline cytology to highlight and identify the often rare dysplastic cells present in a cell scrape. E7 detection can further reduce subjectivity and be performed with only standard equipment and thereby make HPV-testing available also in less developed regions.


component of the Type I multiple endocrine adenoma syndrome, while phaeochromocytoma occurs in type II, the two syndromes appearing to be genetically distinct. I A Medline search failed to reveal any report of the association of these two tumors. According to Bowers, Cushing's syndrome and phaeochromocytoma can appear together, the former condition disappearing after removal of the adrenal tumour. 2 Though he stated that phaeochromocytoma and pituitary tumour may co-exist, he did not cite any case reports. The record presented here may be an example of the chance association of two rare conditions, but their very rarity points to the possibility of an underlying common origin.


This thesis reports on a study of seasonal employment in the tourist industry of Devon and Cornwall. The study is based upon official data, employer interviews and interviews with seasonal workers in eight organisations during the Su7n r of 1983. In the Summer months, the tourist industry is of considerable importance in the area both from a general economic point of view as well as a provider of employment. The real benefit of seasonal employment is, however, questioned sirce such large groups of people are left without work during the Winter months. Furthermore, working conditions for seasonal workers are poor from all points of view: working time, pay, training opportunities, Job security and promotion possibilities. High unemployment in the labour market and the personal characteristics of the sample makes for difficulties in obtaining more permanent work. Low expectations, aspirations and self-confidence towards work thus reflect a realistic attitude within this group, mostly working seasonally on a regular basis. Working conditions, prospects and the personal characteristics of the workers suggest that seasonal workers are firmly in a secondary position in the labour market. The sample suggests seasonal work more often being undertaken by women and that there are skews towards the younger and older age groups. The relatively high skill level of the sample indicates discrimination on the basis of ascriptive characteristics. Personal resources and the lack of worker collectives provide few opportunities for change. This is made more serious through seasonal work being largely hidden in statistics and unregistered by official agencies. Generally employment legislation and statutory rights are made with either the permanent worker or the fully unemployed in mind. For employers, this situation provides for a malleable, cheaý and flexible labour force that can be tappedand untapped at will. Although working conditions are not necessarily better during an economic boom, recession ensures that the labour reserve willing to work under such conditions is large. With continued recession, the incentives for cost-conscious employers to make use of cheap and flexible labour through casual or temporary employment may increase in a range of employment situations such as education, home-working and sub-contracting. Both public policy suggestions and employer incentives encourage such a trend. Although there are problems with generalising too widely from the data here, some effects of temporary or casual work contracts would apply universally. The study has taken a small step towards identifying such effects.


In an emergency department, many patients were admitted with abdominal pain. The problem is to made the right diagnosis between an acute abdomen that must be manage by a medical approach and an acute abdomen with immediate surgical treatment. We present the case of a 44 year-old man admitted in our emergency department with clinical signs of acute cholecystitis. After a new interrogation and the inadequacy of the diagnostic procedures a lead intoxication treated by a medical approach was diagnosed.


ABSTRACT As more techniques sensitive to the effects of poor effort are validated, clinicians are faced with the choice of which techniques to use and what to do in the case of discrepancies. We compared the groups identified by the Booklet Category Test (BCT) criteria published by Tenhula and Sweet (1996) and the effort-sensitive measures of the Word Memory Test (WMT; Green, Allen & Astner, 1996) in a large sample seeking compensation after suffering head injuries of varying levels of severity. Results revealed substantial differences between the groups identified by each technique as putting forth suboptimal effort. The groups identified by the WMT scored in a manner similar to samples identified by other investigators exhibiting poor effort. In contrast, the classifications based upon the Category Test decision rules appear to be confounded by true neurocognitive impairment, particularly in individuals who have suffered more severe brain injuries. Caution is warranted in using the Category Test decisio...


An anatomical symmetry of the bilateral organism and the functional assignment of brain hemispheres each to one side of the body are preconditions for sensorimotor brain localization. The invariant system elements necessary for this consist of "modules". These are associations of about 2 500 cortical cells in each case. When we refer to duality, we do not mean dualistically separated, but mutually assigned or mutually coordinated half-systems. The mainly decussated sensory and nervous systems of the vertebrates probably give rise to their rhythmic gait coordinated in relation to the axis of the body. Compared to such vital movements, human motor activity varies between voluntary action and involuntary expression. Cortical projection duplicates in the form of secondary or supplementary sensorimotor areas are ascribed hypothetically to an identifiable somatosensory sensation. A development leading to man is likely to have commenced as the brain halves of a pithecanthropus gained asymmetric degrees of freedom in relation to their somatotopic binding to the body. This phylogenetic differentiation led to a dual disjunction of the cerebral hemispheres which enabled a side-different "either/or" in human actions. Speech and thought as transitive order forms are also based on functional asymmetries of the human cerebrum.


This paper analyzes the coordination between medium-term generation planning and short-term operation in electricity markets. This coordination is particularly important from a practical point of view in order to guarantee that certain aspects of the operation that arise in the medium-term level are explicitly taken into account: limited-energy resources and obligatory-use resources. Three different approaches are proposed in order to guarantee that short-term decisions made by a generation company are consistent with its operation objectives formulated from a medium-term perspective. These approaches make use of technical and economic signals to coordinate both time scopes: primal information, dual information, and resource-valuation functions. This paper presents the main advantages and drawbacks of the three approaches and applies them to a case study that uses a conjectural-variation-based representation of the market.


The effects of nonmutagenic environmental exposures can sometimes be transmitted for several generations, suggesting transgenerational inheritance of induced epigenetic variation. Methyl donor supplementation of female mice during pregnancy induces CpG hypermethylation at the agouti viable yellow (Avy) allele in Avy/a offspring. Epigenetic inheritance occurs at Avy; when passed through the female germ line, Avy epigenotype is not completely "reset." We therefore tested whether diet‐induced epigenetic alterations at Avy are inherited transgenerationally. Female Avy/a mice were weaned onto either control (n=6) or a methyl‐supplemented diet (n=5). These F0 dams were mated with a/a males. All F1 and F2 Avy/a females were weaned onto the same diet as their mothers, then mated with a/a males. F1, F2, and F3 Avy/a offspring were classified for coat color, an indicator of Avy methylation. In total, 62 F1, 98 F2, and 209 F3 Avy/a mice were studied. As expected, average Avy/a coat color was darker in the supplemented group (P<0.01). However, there was no cumulative effect of supplementation across successive generations. These results suggest that, in the female germ line, diet‐induced Avy hypermethylation occurs in the absence of additional epigenetic modifications that normally confer transgen‐erational epigenetic inheritance at the locus.—Waterland R. A., Travisano, M., Tahiliani K. G. Diet‐induced hypermethylation at agouti viable yellow is not inherited transgenerationally through the female. FASEB J. 21, 3380–3385 (2007)


This paper explores a class of extended double-centered linkages and presents two novel multi-bifurcated double-centered metamorphic and reconfigurable mechanisms. Higher order kinematic analyses and singular value decomposition are combined to demonstrate the characteristics of multi-furcation and to reveal motion-branch transformation. These findings show that the presented double-centered linkages are able to evolve to distinct motion branches including two spherical 4R linkages, linesymmetric Bricard linkage or Bennett linkage. Furthermore, by exploring the local properties of singular configurations on geometric constraints and algebraic relationships, a systematic approach for the synthesis of the singular configurations can be designed to discover more novel multi-bifurcated metamorphic and reconfigurable mechanisms.


Purpose: The article aims to study whether the significant differences in the values appreciated at work exist among surveyed representatives of the generations co-existing on the Polish labor market. Design/Methodology/Approach: The article is based on a critical literature review of the subject and the authors' research. The study was conducted in November 2020 on a sample of 1009 respondents from all over Poland. The research method used was a diagnostic survey using a questionnaire using the Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) technique. The obtained data were then subjected to statistical analysis (mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, Tukey's posthoc test, Bonferroni correction test, Spearman correlation). Findings: The obtained results showed that regardless of the generational affiliation, the most critical EVP attributes are stability and security of employment, followed by relationships and high compensation and benefits. Although differences between given generation cohorts were confirmed, their emphasis was relatively moderate. Originality/Value: The need to consider the following was found. The demographic situation in Poland is designated by the process of progressive aging of the society, which results in the simultaneous presence of representatives of four generations of workers on the labor market - Baby Boomers, X, Y, and Z. Employers must be ready to address the challenges of creating the EVP strategy that can reconcile the requirements of different generations cohorts.


There has been a steady improvement in the survival of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. This has been the result of a more skilled surgical approach to these patients and the development of more effective chemotherapy with a better integration of both modalities in first-line treatment. The current optimal chemotherapeutic approach consists of a platinum compound together with paclitaxel. This recommendation is based upon level I evidence of two large randomized trials which established that the combination of paclitaxel-cisplatin was superior to cyclophosphamide-cisplatin. The long-term follow-up of one of these studies continues to show a significant difference in survival at 5 years. Neurotoxicity has been problematic with these regimens, in particular when paclitaxel was given with the higher dosed shorter infusion schedule, as was done in the European-Canadian Intergroup study. Several approaches to reduce this toxicity have been studied. Among these are the use of different paclitaxel infusion schedules, and the application of less neurotoxic platinum compounds. Weekly paclitaxel has a different toxicity profile than the higher dosed three-weekly schedules, with less neutropenia, alopecia, arthralgia and neurotoxicity. Four platinum compounds are currently marketed: cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, and nedaplatin. Of these only cisplatin, carboplatin, and nedaplatin have been approved for the treatment of patients with ovarian cancer (nedaplatin only in Japan). The equivalence of carboplatin and cisplatin has been suggested from trials without a taxoid. Three randomized studies of paclitaxel-carboplatin vs. paclitaxel-cisplatin concluded that paclitaxel-carboplatin is the preferred regimen in terms of (less) toxicity and, where studied, in terms of quality of life. So far, no difference in response rates or progression-free survival has been shown. More mature data on overall survival are awaited. Oxaliplatin (a diaminocyclohexane platinum compound) is of interest because it is only partially cross-resistant with cis- or carboplatin and devoid of severe bone marrow suppression, nephrotoxicity, or ototoxicity. Its dose-limiting toxicity is an unusual form of sensory neuropathy, which is cumulative and, contrary to cisplatin's neurotoxicity, generally reversible. Combinations with other active standard agents, as well as platinum compounds and/or taxoids, are feasible and have shown interesting activity. Similar to carboplatin and oxaliplatin, nedaplatin (cis-diammineglycolatoplatinum) can be given without hydration; its dose-limiting toxicity is myelosuppression, in particular thrombocytopenia. Although activity has been shown, no data from randomized comparative trials are available to allow a judgement on its potential advantages.


The mechanism of enzymatic browning of foods which in most cases affects adversely the quality of foods is briefly described. Enzymatic browning is in most cases connected with the action of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), which in the presence of oxygen hydroxylates colorless monophenols to o-diphenols which are subsequently oxidized to colored o-quinones. Through a series of nonenzymatic reactions, o-quinones are often converted irreversibly to brown polymeric pigments. In order to prevent the deteriorating effect of enzymatic browning, various inhibitors are applied during processing and storage of foods. The inhibition of enzymatic browning generally proceeds via the following three mechanisms: 1. Direct inhibition of polyphenol oxidase, 2. Nonenzymatic reduction of o-quinones which are formed by enzymatic oxidation of o-phenols to the derivatives of o-diphenols, and 3. Chemical modification or removal of phenolic substrates of polyphenol oxidase. The most efficient multifunctional agents in control of enzymatic browning of foods are various sulfites. However, their use is in many cases limited by sanitary regulations. For this reason a very intensive research in the development of sulfite alternatives is underway. The best known alternative to sulfite in control of browning of foods is L-ascorbic acid and its cheaper stereoisomer D-ascorbic acid commercially known as erythorbic acid. The other well known substitute to sulfites is 4-hexylresorcinol, a part of EverFresh formulation. Very active inhibitors of enzymatic browning are various chelating agents, which either directly form complexes with PPO, or react with its substrates. Example of an inhibitor which reacts with the copper containing prosthetic group of PPO is b-cyclodextrin. Other inhibitors of enzymatic browning which are commercially used are: sulfhydryl containing amino acids, specially cysteine and reduced glutation, inorganic salts, like sodium and zinc chloride, and honey which inhibits the browning of white grapes. As part of our own work, the effect of erythorbic acid applied under pressure or vacuum to the discoloration of fruit and vegetables and the importance of proper selection of cultivar are briefly described in this review.


Introduction: Plants, which are source of a large proportion of bioactive components, have been used for the treatment of several human ailments for thousands of years. Many herbal remedies are traditionally used as contraceptives, abortifacients, emmenagogue or oxytocic agents. The term "abortion" actually refers to any premature expulsion of a human fetus, whether naturally spontaneous or artificially induced. An abortifacient is a substance that induces abortion. In case of medical abortion techniques and usage of medicines, it has more disadvantages and side effects, but according to the studies medicinal plants have better compatibility with the human body that can cause abortion with different mechanisms. The purpose of this study is to review the medicinal plants and natural products used to induce abortions. Methods and Results: Searching keywords such as medicinal plant, natural compound, abortion and abortifacient resulted in many published articles. Many medicinal plants have been reported in literatures with antifertility effect and some of them reported as abortifacient which belonged to different plant families like Fabaceae ( Dolichos trilobus ), Apiaceae ( Apium graveolens), Amaryllidaceae ( Allium sativum ), Rutaceae ( Ruta graveolens ), Apocynaceae ( Holarrhena pubescens ) and etc. Based on the researches, medicinal plants can cause abortion with  different mechanisms including estrogenic activity, increases menstrual flow and induces abortion, Uterine stimulant, increase the risk of bleeding, Uterine Contraction, Uterotrophic activity and stimulant action on uterine muscles. Some articles were referred for citing the proved abortifacient effects of plants or isolated constituents in laboratory animals. Some of these phytoconstituents include Yuanhuacine from Daphne genkwa , Methyl aristolate from Aristolochia indica , Momorcochin from Momordica cochinchinensis , Plumbagin from Plumbago zeylanica . Conclusions: Abortion can be caused by abortifacient medicines or medicinal plants. Although using abortifacient pills or new techniques are faster, but since the medicines have disadvantages and side effects, it is beneficial to use plants. Some medicinal plants have abortifacient potential and there is a need to more clinical studies and newer techniques from these plants and their natural components. Key words: Abortion, Abortifacient, Medicinal plants, Natural compound


Carcinosarcoma is an aggressive neoplasm of the female genital tract, which comprises 1-2% of malignancies of the uterine corpus. Because of the broad range of differentiation exhibited by these tumors, the precise nature of the relationship between epithelial and stromal components in this unique tumor remain unclear. Previous studies have demonstrated that mutation and consequent overexpression of the tumor suppressor gene p53 occurs frequently in carcinosarcoma and is conserved from primary to metastastic sites. We examined p53 accumulation in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival sections in 19 cases previously shown to have mutations in the p53 gene and performed semi-quantitative analysis of the intensity of staining and relative density of positive cells and stromal and glandular elements. There was a high level of concordance of immunohistochemical staining for the p53 oncoprotein between glandular and stromal elements. These results further suggest a clonal origin for the diverse elements of carcinosarcoma.


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Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death and acquired disability in aged populations. Women are disproportionally affected by stroke, having a higher incidence and worse outcomes than men. Numerous preclinical studies have discovered novel therapies for the treatment of stroke, but almost all of these have been shown to be unsuccessful in clinical trials. Despite known sex differences in occurrence and severity of stroke, few preclinical or clinical therapeutics take into account possible sex differences in treatment. Reanalysis of data from studies of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), the only currently FDA‐approved stroke therapy, has shown that tPA improves stroke outcomes for both sexes and also shows sexual dimorphism by more robust improvement in stroke outcome in females. Experimental evidence supports the inclusion of sex as a variable in the study of a number of novel stroke drugs and therapies, including preclinical studies of anti‐inflammatory drugs (minocycline), stimulators of cell survival (insulin‐like growth factor‐1), and inhibitors of cell death pathways (pharmacological inhibition of poly[ADP‐ribose] polymerase‐1, nitric oxide production, and caspase activation) as well as in current clinical trials of stem cell therapy and cortical stimulation. Overall, study design and analysis in clinical trials as well as in preclinical studies must include both sexes equally, consider possible sex differences in the analyses, and report the differences/similarities in more systematic/structured ways to allow promising therapies for both sexes and increase stroke recovery. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


In this paper, the problem of maintaining the quality of service with respect to high communication cost, available bandwidth, and security is investigated in a mobile cloud environment. A Bayesian cooperative coalition game is formulated in which learning automata stationed at Radio frequency identification (RFID) readers are assumed as the players. These players form a coalition among themselves using newly defined payoff value function (PVF) based upon the communication cost, network bandwidth, and storage requirements. Each player in the game makes his best efforts to increase his individual PVF for which it selects one of the strategies from the strategy space using the conditional probability. For each action taken by the players, they may get a reward or a penalty from the environment according to which they update their action probability vector. Tags are arranged in acyclic directed graph, and a secure access control algorithm is proposed, which results a complexity of  $O(\log (n))$  in comparison with earlier solutions having the complexity of  $O(n)$ . The proposed scheme is evaluated in comparison with other schemes by extensive simulations using various metrics. The results obtained show that the proposed scheme is effective in maintaining the RFID-based secure data dissemination in the mobile cloud environment. In particular, there is a reduction of 20% in computational time, and overhead generated with an increase of more than 30% in packet delivery ratio.


Involving family practice residents in community medicine experiences can be a challenging task, and various programs have approached this curricular problem in different ways. The Cedar Rapids program has integrated the activities of the local Doctors Ought to Care (DOC) chapter into the residency with the goal of exposing residents to the concepts of community health education. DOC, a national organization interested in community health promotion and education, takes a lively approach to information sharing using image-based techniques.


Brown rice (BR) or unmilled rice is the whole grain of rice, from which the germ and outer layers containing the bran have not been removed. Brown rice seeds are rich in more nutritional components, such as dietary fibers, vitamins B and E, gamma (γ)-oryzanol and γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) than the ordinary milled rice grains. GABA or 4-aminobutyrate is a well known non-protein-based amino acid that is one of the major inhibitory neurotransmitters in the sympathetic nervous system. In the present study, the influence of brown rice varieties containing different GABA levels on blood cholesterol in Sprague-Dawley male rats was investigated. Quantitative analysis of GABA, Gamma oryzanol, dietary fiber, protein and fat was carried out using appropriate method. Hypercholesterolemia and elevation of LDL-cholesterol was successfully ameliorated by most of the brown rice diets (p < 0.05). A significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) between serum TC level and γ-oryzanol content of diets was observed. Moreover, a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) between serum LDL-C level and dietary fiber content of diets was observed. In contrast, there was no correlation between GABA content and TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and glucose levels. Although no correlation was found between GABA content and lipid profile suppression, this study suggests that the changes of blood cholesterol can be modulated by using brown rice varieties instead of polished rice in human diet. Even though GABA not played a role for prediction of lipid profile changes, this study was capable to show the hypercholesterolemic effect of brown rice verities.


This report is devoted to the investigation of self-organized microrelief morphology control and optimization of the microrelief processing leading to obtain hotosensitivity of solar cells (SC) enhancement. The use of the heterostructures (HS) with the corrugated interface as active element allows one to increase SC photoresponse due to the front surface reflection reduction (optical losses). Surface barrier HS of Au/GaAs were used as model structures to reveal general relationship between the scattered light intensity and morphology peculiarities of HS interfaces.


Corneal blindness is a major contributor of the blindness in the community. This study was done to know the frequency and etiopathogenesis of corneal blindness in tertiary health care centre. In our study, we included 75 eyes of 63 patients out of which 33 (52.4%) were males and 30 (47.6%) females. The age group included was from 4 to 83 years with mean age group of 43.67±22.89 years, 51 patients (80.9%) had unilateral corneal involvement and 12 patients (19.04%) had bilateral corneal involvement. The commonest cause of corneal blindness noted in our study was corneal opacity in 20 eyes (26.67%) along with infective and nutritional keratitis occurring in same percentage i.e 20 eyes (26.67%). Penetrating keratoplasty and its newer modifications are the mainstay treatment options for corneal opacity but it was done only in 10 eyes (50%). The biggest hurdle for reduced transplantation is lack of availability of good quality donor's tissue along with suitable recipient. The procurement of healthy corneas is the necessity of time and so is the awareness about eye donation in the community. Keywords: Corneal opacity, Penetrating keratoplasty, Eye donation


The constitutive equations, describing the relations between stresses and strains in the single layer graphene, were obtained based on the anisotropic theory. The equations showed that (1) there are 3 nonzero stress components in graphene for it is in the plane stress state; (2) there are 4 elastic constants independent in the constitutive equations describing the material properties of graphene; and (3) the normal stress merely results in normal strains if graphene in simple tension in primary directions but generates the normal strains and shear strains if in non-primary directions. In addition, the Hamilton method determining the 4 elastic constants in constitutive equations of graphene was introduced.


PURPOSE: Adjustment and quality of life were investigated in men with non-localised prostate cancer and their wives or partners as part of a longitudinal treatment study on quality of life and cognitive functioning associated with treatment for prostate cancer. METHODS: Patients were randomly assigned to treatment with leuprorelin, goserelin, cyproterone acetate, or close clinical monitoring. Patients were assessed with neuropsychological tests and self-report questionnaires at pre-treatment baseline and after 6 and 12 months of treatment (n=62). A community comparison group of men the same age without prostate cancer completed the same measures (n=15). Self-report data were provided by 27 partners of patients (60% response rate) and 5 partners of community comparison participants (42% response rate). RESULTS: Sexual dysfunction increased for patients on androgen-suppressing therapies, and emotional distress increased in patients assigned to cyproterone acetate or close clinical monitoring. Compared with pre-treatment, there was evidence of an adverse effect of leuprorelin, goserelin, and cyproterone acetate on cognitive function. The majority of participants currently had partners (73% of patients and 80% of comparison participants). Partners reported comparable or higher levels of distress than patients, and, like patients, reported decreased threat appraisals of cancer over time. CONCLUSIONS: In conjunction with results from the broader study, data from partners suggest that information and support for partners is important in addition to services for patients.


This paper aims to analyze the effect of earnings volatilty, net income and comprehensive income on stock prices on banking companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period of 2011 to 2016. This paper uses a quantitative approach by using secondary data consisting of 174 data of commercial banks on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, from 2011 to 2016 obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange website www.idx.co.id. and www.yahoofinance.com, The analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression. hese results indicate that net income has a positive and significant effect on the level 5% statistic of stock prices, and could be used by investors in conducting fundamental analysis to have relevant information. While earnings volatility and comprehensive income do not have an influence on stock prices, meaning that even though high earnings volatility and comprehensive income tend to have no value relevance to stock prices. Previous research has done a lot to tests of earning volatility, net income on stock prices, the results conclude that earnings volatility, net income affect stock prices. So the novelty in this study is to include a comprehensive income variable, because the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 1 changes the terminology of the income statement into a statement of comprehensive income.


This paper examines the impact of PST on the optimal production/marketing decisions of a grow-finish hog farm operation. The analysis evaluates PST from three angles: the feed efficiency effect, the leaner meat price effect, and the aggregate-supply-induced price effect. When limited to the feed efficiency effect only, the primary response to the new technology is to increase the animal turnover rate of the operation. When the leaner meat price effect is also included, marketing weight increases while turnover rate remains relatively unchanged. Additionally, if the increased aggregate supply depressed the market price by more than 10%, the benefits from improved feed efficiency and leaner meat will be completely dissipated. Aggregate price adjustments (reductions) of less than 10 percent maintained positive producer benefits resulting from improved feed efficiency and leaner meat.


BACKGROUND
Routine procedures are a large component of the caretaking day for preterm infants. Such procedures can have profound adverse effects on an infant's condition, to the point of disrupting normal growth and development. Despite this evidence, routine procedures are perpetuated in the neonatal ICU.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the physiological and behavioral effects of a supposedly beneficial procedure, a sponge bath, on premature infants.

METHODS
The study sample consisted of 14 preterm neonates with no neurological abnormalities at two tertiary neonatal ICUs. The ages of the subjects were 28.1 to 31.8 weeks postconception and 4 to 25 days after birth. The study was a prospective, quasi-experimental, repeated-measures design in which each infant acted as his or her own control. Oxygen delivery, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and behavioral responses were continuously recorded by computer or real-time videotape. Physiological and behavioral parameters were compared across three phases: 10 minutes before a bath (baseline), during a standardized bath, and 10 minutes after the bath.

RESULTS
Physiological and behavioral disruptions occurred throughout the bath phase and in many cases beyond that phase. These disruptions included significant increases in heart rate, cardiac oxygen demand, and frequency of behavioral motoric cues. Significant decreases in oxygen saturation also accompanied the bath. Nine infants required increased concentrations of ambient oxygen. A significant association was found between physiological components and the frequency and timing of behavioral motoric cues.

CONCLUSIONS
The results provide further evidence that routine care is not innocuous to neonates. Routine sponge bathing is not recommended for care of ill premature infants.


In this paper I reflect on the design of an appropriate methodological framework for my Ph.D.-project. Holism is widely recognised a vital concept for research on human-environment relationships. This is especially the case when agriculture's impact on land-scapes is studied. Thus, for my study on landscape changes following conversion to or-ganic farming, I discuss holism in terms of its relevance in principal and in terms of its actual practicability. I recognise that a holistic angle is decisive in order to analyse and understand the spatial and temporal dynamics of the landscape and the multitude forces and processes that have a bearing on them. Keeping a general holistic concept in mind can elucidate factors and processes that might be overlooked in a purely reductionistic ap-proach and a holistic concept can thus prevent from drawing inadequate and premature conclusions. Additionally, in order to explain spatial and temporal dynamics in the physi-cal landscape, I discuss the integration of quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantita-tive data can point to statistical tendencies and relations. However, the underlying causes and processes, especially when these concern human activities and decision taking, can only be detected with qualitative information. Based on these considerations I suggest a holistic framework for my study where quantitative and qualitative methods in a com-plementary sense can contribute to a to a profound description and understanding of landscape changes following conversion to organic farming.


The theory of wind tunnel boundary influence on the downwash from a wing has been extended to provide more complete corrections for application to airplane test data. The first section of the report gives the corrections of the lifting line for wing positions above or below the tunnel center line; the second section shows the manner in which the induced boundary influence changes with distance aft of the lifting line. Values of the boundary corrections are given for off-center positions of the wing in circular, square, 2:1 rectangular, and 2:1 elliptical tunnels. Aft of the wing the corrections are presented for only the square and the 2:1 rectangular tunnels, but it is believed that these may be applied to jets of circular and 2:1 elliptical cross sections. In all cases results are included for both open and closed tunnels.


An access control based on CSMA is suitably carried out using with the RTS / CTS method. RTS / CTS procedure is used with the case, in response to receiving the RTS information is transmitted by the CTS information, data is transmitted in response to receiving a CTS. CTS transmitting station determines a receivable transmission rate by measuring the quality of the received RTS signal and notifies the communicating station of destination of the CTS. The destination of the CTS communication station transmits the data in response to the CTS information. As the transmission rate for the data, is applied to the transmission speed indicated in the RATE field in the CTS.


A new type of warfare demanded a new type of response. Amid the jagged and broken setting, the metaphorical usage of the overwhelming effect of man's new and mechanised forms of warfare on the natural landscape became common. We have seen in Chapter 7 how this, in turn, could act as a trigger on some individuals to encompass a humanistic appreciation of the wrongness of war itself. An awareness of the conflict's malign effects seemed to reach beyond the desolation of Nature. There now occurred a perceived alteration of the steady progress of time itself, its linear structure sometimes compressed to give the effect that time had actually halted, as in Lieutenant Wyn Griffith's account of the battle of Mametz Wood.1 For some, the effects of the war seemed to turn time in upon itself, thereby unwinding the clock of human development to a darker age peopled by trench-dwelling brutes who had lost comprehension of what they were fighting over. This 'throw-back' concept was highlighted by H.S. Innes of the 23rd Battalion (later 20th), the Middlesex Regiment. At the battle front, H.S. Innes found himself comparing the area around the dug-outs of the front line with that around the 'outer dug-outs' further back and hence less affected by the physical effects of battle. The scene he observed at the front during the bleak winter of early 1917 was, 'the abomination of desolation. From eaves such as primitive man might have occupied we looked out over a shell battered valley.'2 He noted the few remaining trees on the hillside and the stench from the lower ground, and he likened the 'canyon' over which shells whirred incessantly to one from the bleakness of Arizona. By the end of the year, he wrote that the mud all around had become a normal feature of life and that, 'war without mud would not be war'. The unnatural and blighted landscape was once again linked directly to the war's effect on a way of life and a setting that became increasingly primordial with time. The story of H.S. Innes represents an awareness of the retardation of civilised values and the idea of man being transformed to an altogether more primitive state – in addition to the concept of individuality under threat and, as Innes put it, 'the importance of each man to himself' radically reduced.


Abstract This article presents managed honey bee colony loss rates over winter 2019/20 resulting from using the standardised COLOSS questionnaire in 37 countries. Six countries were from outside Europe, including, for the first time in this series of articles, New Zealand. The 30,491 beekeepers outside New Zealand reported 4.5% of colonies with unsolvable queen problems, 11.1% of colonies dead after winter and 2.6% lost through natural disaster. This gave an overall colony winter loss rate of 18.1%, higher than in the previous year. The winter loss rates varied greatly between countries, from 7.4% to 36.5%. 3216 beekeepers from New Zealand managing 297,345 colonies reported 10.5% losses for their 2019 winter (six months earlier than for other, Northern Hemisphere, countries). We modelled the risk of loss as a dead/empty colony or from unresolvable queen problems, for all countries except New Zealand. Overall, larger beekeeping operations with more than 50 colonies experienced significantly lower losses (p < 0.001). Migration was also highly significant (p < 0.001), with lower loss rates for operations migrating their colonies in the previous season. A higher proportion of new queens reduced the risk of colony winter loss (p < 0.001), suggesting that more queen replacement is better. All three factors, operation size, migration and proportion of young queens, were also included in a multivariable main effects quasi-binomial GLM and all three remained highly significant (p < 0.001). Detailed results for each country and overall are given in a table, and a map shows relative risks of winter loss at the regional level.


High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with mass spectrometry has become the method of choice for identifying and characterizing cell-expressed biomolecules. This technology has evolved so rapidly that efficient sample preparation in a high-throughput mode has become a rate-limiting step. Applications using C18 resin, 200 A pore size, and 15-microm bead size silica and sulfonated divinylbenzene particles were tested. The convenient, solvent-resistant, 96-well MultiScreen filter plates with the Multiscreen Column Loader provided efficient removal of salts and detergents and excellent sample recovery for small volumes. The 96-well simultaneous, uniform loading of dry powders, beads, or resins in 45-, 80-, or 100-microL volumes easily accommodates various media capacities and elution volumes. Recovered eluates demonstrated high well-to-well reproducibility during analyte adsorption, washing, and elution. Sample recovery was analyzed by HPLC for a variety of proteins, peptides, and proteolytic digests. The utility of MultiScreen 96-well mini-columns in performing sample clean-up was also demonstrated for HPLC and mass spectroscopy.


The paper is presented to develop a density based dynamic traffic signal system. The signal timing changes automatically on sensing the traffic density at the junction. Traffic congestion is a severe problem in many major cities across the world and it has become a nightmare for the commuters in these cities. Conventional traffic light system is based on fixed time concept allotted to each side of the junction which cannot be varied as per varying traffic density. Junction timings allotted are fixed. Sometimes higher traffic density at one side of the junction demands longer green time as compared to standard allotted time. The proposed system using a microcontroller of 8051 family duly interfaced with sensors, changes the junction timing automatically to accommodate movement of vehicles smoothly avoiding unnecessary waiting time at the junction. The sensors used in this project are IR and photodiodes are in line of sight configuration across the loads to detect the density at the traffic signal. The density of the vehicles is measured in three zones i.e., low, medium, high based on which timings are allotted accordingly. Further the project can be enhanced by synchronizing all the traffic junctions in the city by establishing a network among them. The network can be wired or wireless. This synchronization will greatly help in reducing traffic congestion. Keywords— Embedded System, Traffic system, PIC16F877, Congestion Control


The process of asymmetric organoautocatalysis appears to be a natural extension to asymmetric organocatalysis, and holds implications for models on the origin of biological homochirality. The discovery of asymmetric organoautocatalysis (i.e. the process in which the chiral product of a purely organic reaction acts as an organocatalyst for its own formation under conservation of its absolute configuration) and more recent reports on related systems are discussed in this review.


Unnecessary growth in health expenditures of developing countries in recent decades, and also the importance of physicians' behavior in health market, have made the factors of quality and duration of patient visits on one hand, and the theory of physician induced demand (PID) on the other hand, as two of the most important issues in health economics. Therefore, using data from questionnaires in 2016 and employing theoretical model of Jaegher and Jegers (2000) and hierarchical linear modeling methods (HLM), this study, examines the determinants of time spent in physician's office and investigates the theory of PID within Obstetricians in the East Azarbayjan province. The results show that physician induced demand (PID) exists in obstetrics. The results also indicate that obstetricians are "doctors tend to profit". In addition, this study supports the existence of the accessibility effect for those consumers in the higher physician density region. According to these results, it is suggested that in order to reduce competition and eliminate the effects of induced demand, student admission in obstetrics should be reduced, patient information on medical care should be increased, and government monitoring and control over the national health system must be increased


: The CASE (computer-automated structure evaluation) was used to gain an understanding of the basis of mutagenicity of heterocyclic amines. It was found that the activity of these molecules was dependent upon the amino connected with the carbon in the benzene cycle, and the position of nitrogens in the heterocycle was also important. Both the sensitivity and specificity of the CASE system established in my laboratory approached 1.00.


Turbidity currents containing kaolin particles were studied experimentally in a channel and the velocity and concentration profiles were measured using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter. These experiments were performed to investigate the depositional behaviour of turbidity currents. The suspended sediment flux was evaluated by experimental and analytical methods and the results of these two methods were in a good agreement. To evaluate the suspended sediment flux, it was necessary to recognize the suspended sediment zone from the upper shear layer region and near the bed depositional area as well. The method of determination of these areas is discussed. The effects of important parameters including the inlet Froude number and bed slope were also studied. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the non-dimensional sediment flux decreases at the vicinity of the hydraulic jump with the inlet Froude number, whereas an increase in the bed slope reduces the non-dimensional sediment flux.


Effect of sublingual nifedipine was evaluated in 39 cases of hypertensive emergencies (diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 120 mm Hg with impending organ failure, loss of vital function or death). It was found to be effective (95%), safe, with prompt (with 15 minutes) and predictable response (lowering of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure by 30% at the end of 3 hours), and few adverse effects. Its use in patients of cerebrovascular accident (24 cases) was found to be effective and safe without any significant clinical problem or increased mortality.


Abstract Subsets of pediatric cancers, including high grade glioma (pHGG), have high rates of uniquely long telomeres, associated with ATRX gene mutations and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). Ultimately, these cancers may benefit from a therapy stratification approach. In order to identify and further characterize pediatric brain tumors with telomere lengthening (TL), we determined the intratelomeric content in silico from paired WGS of 918 tumors from CBTTC Pediatric Brain Tumor Atlas (PBTA). The results were highly concordant with experimental assays to determine ALT in a subset of 45 pHGG tumors from the set. Overall, 13% of the PBTA cohort had telomere lengthening. We confirmed the highest rate of TL (37%) in the pHGG cohort (37/100 tumors; 30/82 patients). There was no statistical difference in age, gender or survival in subset analysis. As expected, the patient pHGG tumors with telomere lengthening were enriched for ATRX mutations (60%, q= 1.76e-3). However, 6 tumors without ATRX mutation also had normal protein expression, suggesting a different mechanism of inactivation or TL. The pHGG tumors with telomere lengthening had increased mutational burden (q=8.98e-3) and included all known pHGG cases (n=6) in the cohort with replication repair deficiencies. Of interest, the second highest rate of telomere lengthening was 9 subjects (24%) in the craniopharyngioma cohort. None of the craniopharyngioma tumors had ATRX mutations or low ATRX expression, and 55% of those with TL had CTNNB1 mutations. Finally, lower rates of telomere lengthening were found in medulloblastoma (10%), ependymoma (10%), low grade astrocytoma (8%) and ganglioglioma (7/47, 15%).


ABSTRACT High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) originates in the fallopian tube epithelium and is characterized by ubiquitous TP53 mutation and extensive chromosomal instability (CIN). However, direct causes of CIN, such as mutations in DNA replication and mitosis genes, are rare in HGSOC. We therefore asked whether oncogenic mutations that are common in HGSOC can indirectly drive CIN in non-transformed human fallopian tube epithelial cells. To model homologous recombination deficient HGSOC, we sequentially mutated TP53 and BRCA1 then overexpressed MYC. Loss of p53 function alone was sufficient to drive the emergence of subclonal karyotype alterations. TP53 mutation also led to global gene expression changes, influencing modules involved in cell cycle commitment, DNA replication, G2/M checkpoint control and mitotic spindle function. Both transcriptional deregulation and karyotype diversity were exacerbated by loss of BRCA1 function, with whole-genome doubling events observed in independent p53/BRCA1-deficient lineages. Thus, our observations indicate that loss of the key tumour suppressor TP53 is sufficient to deregulate multiple cell cycle control networks and thereby initiate CIN in pre-malignant fallopian tube epithelial cells. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.


Sir, In a recent editorial (1) reviewing ropivacaine and levobupivacaine, D'Angelo concludes that ''the new local anesthetics are not worth their cost'' because he considers them to be without any advantages relative to bupivacaine. I would like to challenge his position, certainly as it applies to ropivacaine. Relatively little has been published on levobupivacaine and most of the evidence that he reviewed relates to ropivacaine so it is on that drug which I wish to focus. Although the editorial is somewhat confusing and conflicts with views expressed in another editorial (2), a recent paper (3) and a letter to the editor (4), all with D'Angelo's name to them, the paper identifies correctly that decisions on the use of ropivacaine instead of bupivacaine must focus on two considerations: cardiotoxicity and motor block. Ropivacaine was developed to provide a less cardiotoxic agent following the identification of bupivacaine cardiotoxicity (5, 6). A whole range of in vitro and in vivo animal studies (7– 12) attest to the lower cardiotoxicity of ropivacaine, as do two human volunteer studies (13, 14). Further, it was shown recently that resuscitation of overdosed dogs was more successful after ropivacaine than bupivacaine (15). D'Angelo admits that ''there may be an increased risk of cardiac arrest when large doses of concentrated bupivacaine solutions are administered'', but that is just the situation when toxic complications are most common (16–18). Until now, more than 10 million patients have been treated with ropivacaine for surgery and pain management, but it is quite clear that accidental intravenous injection is a problem that has not gone away. I am informed that several cases of convulsion or cardiac arrhythmia, and even a few cases of cardiac arrest, have been reported to the manufacturer, AstraZeneca, but all patients except one (with severe cardiomyopathy and tight bilateral carotid stenosis) have responded favourably to standard therapy (19). I would accept that cardiotoxicity is most unlikely with the dilute solutions of bupivacaine used in labour, but that brings me to ropivacaine's other advantage, less motor block. D'Angelo's stark statistic that only 15 of 65 clinical studies showed a ''statistical reduction in motor block'' gives a very different impression to that which would be gained by a careful review of that literature. Such a review would not, in my view, support his interpretation that there is no clinically relevant difference in motor block between ropivacaine and bupivacaine. Indeed the statement is in direct conflict with a number of published studies (including his own (3)) which have shown similar analgesic effects, but less motor block with ropivacaine used in concentrations ranging from 0.25% to 0.08% in both labour and the post-operative period (20–24). D'Angelo has even defended strongly his own findings in subsequent correspondence (4). The cost–benefit evaluation of a new local anaesthetic requires an analysis that goes well beyond the actual unit cost of the drug. Labour studies have shown that more patients can void spontaneously and that the incidence of instrumental deliveries is lower with ropivacaine compared to bupivacaine at the same concentration (20, 22). There may have been other factors involved, but in D'Angelo's own obstetric study the intervention


We present a novel refinement relation (stuck-free conformance) for CCS processes, which satisfies the substitutability property: If an implementation I conforms to a specification S, then C[S] stuck-free implies C[I] stuck-free, on any selected names ~a and for all CCS contexts C. Stuck-freedom is related to the CSP notion of deadlock, but it is more discriminative by taking orphan messages in asynchronous systems into account. We prove that conformance is a precongruence, i.e., it is preserved by all CCS contexts, thereby supporting modular refinement. We distinguish conformance from the related preorders, stable failures refinement in CSP and refusal preorder in CCS. Finally, we consider a family of parameterized refinement relations that can be generated from the format of our definition of stuck-free conformance.


As an important operation for finding existing relevant patents and validating a new patent application, patent search has attracted considerable attention recently. However, many users have limited knowledge about the underlying patents, and they have to use a try-and-see approach to repeatedly issue different queries and check answers, which is a very tedious process. To address this problem, in this paper, we propose a new user-friendly patent search paradigm, which can help users find relevant patents more easily and improve user search experience. We propose three effective techniques, error correction, topic-based query suggestion, and query expansion, to improve the usability of patent search. We also study how to efficiently find relevant answers from a large collection of patents. We first partition patents into small partitions based to their topics and classes. Then, given a query, we find highly relevant partitions and answer the query in each of such highly relevant partitions. Finally, we combine the answers of each partition and generate top-k answers of the patent-search query.


We give a polyomino characterisation of recurrent configurations of the sandpile model on the complete bipartite graph Km;n in which one designated vertex is the sink. We present a bijection from these recurrent con- figurations to decorated parallelogram polyominoes whose bounding box is a m n rectangle. Other combinatorial structures appear in special cases of this correspondence: for example bicomposition matrices (a matrix analogue of set partitions), and (2+2)-free posets. A canonical toppling process for recurrent configurations gives rise to a path within the associated parallelogram polyominoes. We define a collection of polynomials that we call q;t-Narayana polynomials, the generating functions of the bistatistic (area;parabounce) on the set of parallelogram polyomi- noes, akin to Haglund's (area;hagbounce) bistatistic on Dyck paths. In doing so, we have extended a bistatistic of Egge et al. to the set of parallelogram polyominoes. This is one answer to their question concerning extensions to other combinatorial objects. We conjecture the q;t-Narayana polynomials to be symmetric and discuss the proofs for numerous special cases. We also show a relationship between the q;t-Catalan polynomials and our bistatistic (area;parabounce) on a subset of parallelogram polyominoes. R´ esum´


ABSTRACT In this paper, we introduce a new inertial self-adaptive parallel subgradient extragradient method for finding common solution of variational inequality problems with monotone and Lipschitz continuous operators. The stepsize of the algorithm is updated self-adaptively at each iteration and does not involve a line search technique nor a prior estimate of the Lipschitz constants of the cost operators. Also, the algorithm does not required finding the farthest element of the finite sequences from the current iterate which has been used in many previous methods. We prove a strong convergence result and provide some applications of our result to other optimization problems. We also give some numerical experiments to illustrate the performance of the algorithm by comparing with some other related methods in the literature.


This PhD project is set out to develop a type of hybrid journal air bearings with reduced reliance on the supply of compressed air for mobile turbomachinery applications. The research work covers hydrostatic and hybrid journal air bearings with non-compliant clearance boundaries. The approach adopted combined numerical analysis based on CFD and experimental verification of the designs.

The research can be divided into three sections. In the
first section, numerical approaches to model hydrostatic
and hybrid journal air bearings with a fixed clearance
boundary were developed based on finite difference method
(FDM) and finite volume method (FVM) respectively. In the
second and third section, theoretical and experimental
studies were performed on hydrostatic and hybrid journal
air bearings. Performance of the bearings was
investigated in non-rotational and rotational conditions.
The analysis on stability and natural frequencies of
rotor bearing system was performed using the linear
bearing model. The unbalance responses of the rotor in the test rig were predicted using non-linear transient analysis and measured experimentally from 50k rpm to 120k rpm in rotor speed. Through the theoretical and experimental investigations of the hybrid journal air bearings, the objectives of the project have been implemented and the aims have been met.


The authors review, refine, and attempt to formalize the emerging best-practice approach for the measurement of the market risk of a multi-asset-class, multi-strategy, fund of hedge funds portfolio. The approach involves a good level of transparency from the manager and the active participation of an independent fund administrator, an independent risk aggregator, the investor, and the manager. The approach is increasingly being adopted in the industry but there are challenges, such as obtaining timely, granular, and verified transparency from managers. Although the discussions in this article are in the context of traditional hedge funds (i.e., those that invest in publicly listed securities), the authors suggest steps that could be taken so as to expand the protocol to include more nontraditional hedge funds, such as those that invest in illiquid assets and carry idiosyncratic risks. Many of the elements outlined in this article are already well known in the industry but are underutilized, perhaps as a result of a lack of awareness or understanding between manager and investor.


Figure 2 is missing parts B and C. The authors have provided a corrected version below. Copyright: ß 2014 The PLOS ONE Staff. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


We measure the star formation efficiency (SFE), the star formation rate (SFR) per unit of gas, in 23 nearby galaxies and compare it with expectations from proposed star formation laws and thresholds. We use H i maps from The H i Nearby Galaxy Survey (THINGS) and derive H2 maps of CO measured by HERA CO-Line Extragalactic Survey and Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Association Survey of Nearby Galaxies. We estimate the SFR by combining Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) far-ultraviolet maps and the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey (SINGS) 24 μm maps, infer stellar surface density profiles from SINGS 3.6 μm data, and use kinematics from THINGS. We measure the SFE as a function of the free fall and orbital timescales, midplane gas pressure, stability of the gas disk to collapse (including the effects of stars), the ability of perturbations to grow despite shear, and the ability of a cold phase to form. In spirals, the SFE of H2 alone is nearly constant at (5.25 ± 2.5) × 10−10 yr−1 (equivalent to an H2 depletion time of 1.9 × 109 yr) as a function of all of these variables at our 800 pc resolution. Where the interstellar medium (ISM) is mostly H i, however, the SFE decreases with increasing radius in both spiral and dwarf galaxies, a decline reasonably described by an exponential with scale length 0.2r25–0.25r25. We interpret this decline as a strong dependence of giant molecular cloud (GMC) formation on environment. The ratio of molecular-to-atomic gas appears to be a smooth function of radius, stellar surface density, and pressure spanning from the H2-dominated to H i-dominated ISM. The radial decline in SFE is too steep to be reproduced only by increases in the free-fall time or orbital time. Thresholds for large-scale instability suggest that our disks are stable or marginally stable and do not show a clear link to the declining SFE. We suggest that ISM physics below the scales that we observe—phase balance in the H i, H2 formation and destruction, and stellar feedback—governs the formation of GMCs from H i.


The question of the role of modern law in triggering social change is of particular importance in societies where customs and norms support the marginalization of some social groups. The conventional view supported in the literature is that the success of the formal law is constrained by the system of informal rules and values which support the prevailing customs, and the law therefore appears as a 'dead letter'. It has been, therefore, largely recognized that the custom often acts as a powerful hindrance to equity-increasing changes. The first two chapters of the thesis aim at mitigating this pessimistic scenario. We develop two models which formally show that a progressive legal reform can, under certain conditions, shift the conflicting custom in the direction intended by the legislator. Formal law then acts as an outside anchor that exerts a 'magnet effect' on the custom. We illustrate our insights using examples on inheritance, marriage, and divorce in Sub-Saharan Africa and India. In the second chapter, we also show analytically that, under certain conditions, a gradual reform better serves the interests of the marginalized. We therefore argue that radicalism in legal reform may defeat its own purpose. One of the conditions to achieve the 'magnet effect' described in our models is the identification of agents with the new law. In the third chapter of the thesis, we focus on the adherence of agents to a pro-women legal reform in Morocco, the reform of the Family Code which is religious-inspired legislation. We use a unique database created from a survey we conducted in Morocco in 2008 to provide some evidence about the factors which drive conservative positions with respect to a progressive legal reform. In order to explain the identification of agents with the law, we mainly focus on three specific factors: education, location and religion. Contrary to what naive beliefs would suggest – rural men with a low level of education and an intense religious practice express a lower support of the new Family Code –, we find that there is no straightforward relation between the three aforementioned factors (education, location and religion) and the support of the new legislation. Rather paradoxically, conservative positions are observed among educated people, when they are very religious. Finally, in the last chapter, we use the same database as for chapter 3 in order to study intra-household decisions concerning children's education. We focus on the religiosity of both spouses in order to understand how this could impact on the participation of mothers in decisions. We use a measure of the intensity of religious practice as a proxy of parents' religiosity. We find a positive and significant correlation between the intensity of religious practice of the mothers and their participation in decisions concerning their daughters' education. This result is essentially true for poorly or non-educated women which suggest that religion acts as a substitute to education. Religious faith motivates mothers to participate in decisions concerning their daughters' education mainly and there exists a spillover effect that makes them more concerned with the education of their sons as well. We do not find a clear significant correlation between the intensity of the religious practice of the fathers and their wives' participation in decisions concerning their children's education. We essentially explain these main results by analyzing the action and the discourse of religious movements and associations active in Morocco.


Pain management is a significant challenge for both families and physicians following major orthopaedic surgery in children. A variety of psychosocial factors have all been documented to affect post-operative pain, including anxiety, catastrophizing and self-efficacy. Unfortunately, interventions attempting to address these different variables have been limited across pediatric orthopaedics.  In this article we review the psychosocial constructs that impact a child's ability to manage pain while recovering from pediatric orthopaedic surgery. Additionally, we will highlight some promising coping skills and resilience interventions to date as well as what the 'ideal' psychosocial intervention might encompass. By familiarizing our colleagues with the evidence behind each of these concepts, we hope to improve surgeon confidence in managing psychosocial issues and catalyze efforts aimed at addressing this important knowledge gap.


This paper proposes a new statistical model for the analysis of data which arrive at irregular intervals. The model treats the time between events as a stochastic process and proposes a new class of point processes with dependent arrival rates. The conditional intensity is developed and compared with other self-exciting processes. Because the model focuses on the expected duration between events, it is called the autoregressive conditional duration (ACD) model. Asymptotic properties of the quasi maximum likelihood estimator are developed as a corollary to ARCH model results. Strong evidence is provided for duration clustering for the financial transaction data analyzed; both deterministic time-of-day effects and stochastic effects are important. The model is applied to the arrival times of trades and therefore is a model of transaction volume, and also to the arrival of other events such as price changes. Models for the volatility of prices are estimated with price-based durations, and examined from a market microstructure point of view.


In this paper, we examine a modified Cross-Talk Resistant Adaptive Noise Canceller (CTRANC) structure that contains a delay unit on the primary channel to solve the causality constraint of conventional CTRANC. This Asymmetric CTRANC (ACTRANC) structure allows flexible alignment of noise source with the sensors array when the speech source is fixed in its position. Inserting delay unit on the primary path releases the placement of the noise sources and consequently, improves the capability of the structure in noise reduction. This can also be interpreted as the releasing causality constraint on the adaptive filters. We have shown that the best delay value in the structure is proportional to the propagation delay between reference and primary microphones (in terms of sample). Objective evaluations and informal listening tests demonstrate superior performance of the proposed method rather than conventional CTRANC.


Recent years have witnessed the success of the emerging hashing techniques in large-scale image retrieval. Owing to the great learning capacity, deep hashing has become one of the most promising solutions, and achieved attractive performance in practice. However, without semantic label information, the unsupervised deep hashing still remains an open question. In this paper, we propose a novel progressive generative hashing (PGH) framework to help learn a discriminative hashing network in an unsupervised way. Very different from existing studies, it first treats the hash codes as a kind of semantic condition for the similar image generation, and simultaneously feeds the original image and its codes into the generative adversarial networks (GANs). The real images together with the synthetic ones can further help train a discriminative hashing network based on a triplet loss. By iteratively inputting the learnt codes into the hash conditioned GANs, we can progressively enable the hashing network to discover the semantic relations. Extensive experiments on the widely-used image datasets demonstrate that PGH can significantly outperforms state-of-the-art unsupervised hashing methods.


Causal therapy of Crohn's disease up to now cannot be achieved due to the unknown etiology. However, randomized multicenter cooperative trials have demonstrated that adrenocorticoids and sulfasalazine are the most efficient basic therapeutics. In the acute attack additional supportive measures like hyperalimentation, transfusions or substitution of vitamins may become necessary. In contrast to former times a maintenance treatment is no longer justified. About 60% of all patients with Crohn's disease have to be operated because of complications of their disease. The knowledge of absolute and relative indications for surgery in Crohn's disease facilitates the decision. Therapy in Crohn's disease has to be differentiated in relation to severity of the disease and disease location.


The yeast mitochondrial genome is remarkably complex in terms of the organization of its genes and their modes of expression. The first indications of this came a number of years ago with the construction of detailed transcription maps of mtDNA in related yeast strains (Van Ommen and Groot 1977; Van Ommen et al. 1979), and we predicted at that time (Grivell et al. 1979) that RNA processing would play a central role in the regulation of mitochondrial gene expression. With the insights gained from DNA sequence analysis and transcript characterization, it is clear that this prediction has been amply fulfilled. In this paper we review what is known about a number of yeast mtRNAs and the various forms of processing they undergo in the hope that this will lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms that control the expression of this genome. TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION AND TRIMMING OF mtRNAS 15S and 21S rRNAs In human mtDNA, transcription is initiated at a single site on each strand and the genome is completely and symmetrically transcribed (Murphy et al. 1975). Differential control of gene expression is then achieved by a combination of transcription attenuation, control of the cleavages required to generate transcripts of individual genes, and the stability of the final products (see Attardi et al., this volume). In yeast, a greater scope of transcriptional controls exists, since Levens et al. (1980) have identified at least five possible promoter sites by means of the guanylyl transferase capping assay (Reeder et al. 1977)...


This paper analyses the conduct of monetary policy in an environment where households' desire to amass precautionary savings is influenced by fluctuations in the volatilities of disturbances that hit the economy. It uses a simple New Keynesian model with external habit formation that is augmented with demand and supply disturbances whose volatilities vary over time. If volatility fluctuations are ignored by policy, interest rates are set at a suboptimal level. The extent of 'policy bias' is relatively small but of greater importance the higher the degree of habit formation. The reason is that habit-forming preferences raise risk aversion, increasing the importance of the precautionary savings channel through which volatility fluctuations impact upon inflation and output.


There is scarce data pertaining to acute hepatitis C (aHC) infection in South America. We aimed to describe clinical characteristics and evolution of aHC in a South American cohort. A retrospective survey was conducted at 13 hepatology units. All patients ≥16 years old with aHC diagnosis were included. Demographic, clinical and outcome information were registered in a standardized ad hoc questionnaire. Sixty‐four patients were included. The majority were middle‐aged (median age: 46 years) and female (65.6%); most of them were symptomatic at diagnosis (79.6%). HCV‐1 was the most prevalent genotype (69.2%). Five patients had liver failure: three cases of severe acute hepatitis, one case of fulminant hepatitis and one case of acute‐on‐chronic liver failure. Nosocomial exposure was the most prevalent risk factor. Evolution was assessed in 46 patients. In the untreated cohort, spontaneous resolution occurred in 45.8% and was associated with higher values of AST/ALT and with the absence of intermittent HCV RNA viremia (P = 0.01, 0.05, and 0.01, respectively). In the treated cohort, sustained virological response was associated with nosocomial transmission and early treatment initiation (P = 0.04 each). The prevalence of nosocomial transmission in this South‐American cohort of aHC stresses the importance of following universal precautions to prevent HCV infection. J. Med. Virol. 89:276–283, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the influences of construction vibration, which is generated by structure demolition, on the structural safety and stability. As presented in the companion paper, the influences of construction vibration on the surrounding environment were assessed. In this paper, another issue is concerned. For this purpose, field measurements are conducted on site. Then the obtained data, mainly the structural strain are analyzed by the presented evaluation method and compared to the allowable strength values suggested by the existing code. It is found that the ground vibrations generated by demolition construction will not cause harmful effects on the structures.


Database management and querying skills are a key element of a robust information systems curriculum. The data structure and content of a useful pedagogically-oriented database should be realistic and lifelike, and the database should contain data that accurately depicts the business processes, functions, and entities of a realistic organization, organized in a way that demonstrates best practices in database design. Most database textbooks include some sample databases, but these are often relatively small and sparse of data. By contrast, Microsoft's Adventure Works (AW) database presents a robust, realistic, and comprehensive framework for many important educational objectives in an Information Systems curriculum. This paper introduces the AW business case and database, and illustrates several pedagogical uses in an undergraduate CIS program.


This is the diagnostic experiences as well as the surgical mode of treatment used in a 31 years old women suffering diversion of the inferior vena cava into the left atrium associated with atrial septal defect. The patient had been previously studied and operated thrice under conventional circumstances at different institutions in order to solve the septal defect. The hemodynamic solution had not been reached due to a missing pathological definition. The cineangiogram through the saphenous vein specified the left atrium form the inferior vena cava. Some considerations are made on the surgical methods used for the fourth operation, and in regard of the fact that the patient refused blood transfusion because of religious convictions (Jehova Witness).


Higher Education is shifting from teacher-centred to student-centred practices. Such new practices ought to make today's students into active and cooperative learners and give them more relevant, real challenges and hands-on experiences. Furthemore, these learning scenarios should equip the student with the skills, competences and character qualities to thrive in a meaningful future job. Hence, the classroom or learning space should be able to resemble a real work environment with social interaction and different types of teamwork to handle complex problem solving.

A holistic approach is needed to redesign and develop new learning spaces and to create new eco-systems for learning in order to handle more students than ever, attending higher education. Between 2000 and 2014, the number of students in higher education globally more than doubled to 207 million.

One concrete approach is to start with the basic problem many Universities are facing today.

Universities are in need of designs and definitions for lecture halls and classrooms that facilitate collaborative education practices next to informal study places. An easy way to transform current education space designs is by introducing new education buildings.

However, many stakeholders have their part in the design process of learning spaces. Experiences and ideas are mixed-up in the understanding, communication, definition, usage, evaluation and (re-)design.

This paper introduces three different approaches: 1) New campus plan for the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2) Cookbook Education Spaces from Delft University of Technology with prerequisite guidelines for architects and construction companies, and 3) JISC's awareness campaign visiting universities with live examples of active learning spaces called The Sticky Campus.

How can universities find common ground and understanding in the process of defining and redesigning learning spaces?


Abstract The science learning environment is an important factor in students' attitudes toward their science experiences in school, as well as toward science courses. This study compares how learning in different laboratory environments (hands-on or virtual) influences these attitudes for middle school (7th grade) students. Participants were 143 seventh-grade students from a public school. They were enrolled in four different seventh-grade science classes, all taught by a single teacher. Pretest and post-test responses were compared to investigate participants' attitudes toward different forms of laboratories and toward science courses. Data were gathered by giving students an attitude questionnaire (pretest and post-test) and by conducting interviews (post-test). Findings revealed that laboratory experiences have a strong impact on middle school students' attitudes toward science; after working with the laboratory environment (either hands-on, virtual, or in a combination) students had a more positive attitude toward science. Data based on the questionnaire revealed no differences in attitudinal improvement between hands-on, virtual, or combinations of these labs, although descriptive data suggested that virtual labs are more effective for attitude change than hands-on labs. This may be linked to students' overall, but slight, preference for virtual laboratories over hands-on laboratories, as became apparent from the interviews.


We propose the first regret-based approach to the Graphical Bilinear Bandits problem, where $n$ agents in a graph play a stochastic bilinear bandit game with each of their neighbors. This setting reveals a combinatorial NP-hard problem that prevents the use of any existing regret-based algorithm in the (bi-)linear bandit literature. In this paper, we fill this gap and present the first regret-based algorithm for graphical bilinear bandits using the principle of optimism in the face of uncertainty. Theoretical analysis of this new method yields an upper bound of $\tilde{O}(\sqrt{T})$ on the $\alpha$-regret and evidences the impact of the graph structure on the rate of convergence. Finally, we show through various experiments the validity of our approach.


Urban development is seen in this paper as the process of achieving more social justice in the city through changes both in social relations and in spatiality. Autonomy, in the sense used by Cornelius Castoriadis, is here regarded as the main parameter for the evaluation of processes and strategies for positive social change. Nevertheless, the Castoriadian philosophical notion of autonomy must first be made operational before it can be reasonably applied in empirical research or policy evaluations. The aim of the paper is to contribute to this operationalisation, specifically considering the role of urban planning and management in the realisation of urban development.


The patient, a 28 year-old female, received treatment for secondary amenorrhea two months before her first admission to our hospital. She was later found to have central type diabetes insipidus and acute myelomonocytic leukemia. A diagnosis of panhypopituitarism was established but there was no laboratory or radiological evidence of neuroleukemia. Complete remission was obtained after one course of induction chemotherapy. She received four more courses of chemotherapy including one course of high-dose cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) and 14-day granulocytic colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization. Then she received autologous PBSC transplantation (Auto-PBSCT). Unfortunately leukemia relapsed 4 months after transplantation. The patient expired soon due to severe electrolyte imbalance and sepsis. Throughout the whole course, her pituitary function was only partially recovered after treatment and there was no laboratory or radiological evidence of CNS leukemia.


Abstract Species catchability is an important parameter used to help optimise stock assessment modelling and the economic efficiency of commercial fishing operations. Previous studies have shown several physical oceanographic parameters, including ambient temperature, waves and currents, affect the catchability of spanner crabs (Ranina ranina) throughout the Indo-Pacific. Most notably in the Australian fishery, where oceanographic processes vary over space and time, a positive relationship between bottom boundary layer temperature (BBLT) and catch rates was observed. Here, we aimed to better understand how localised oceanographic processes affected this relationship in the southernmost South-East Queensland (SEQ) sector of the Australian fishery at seasonal and short temporal scales. Our results show cooler BBLT, upwelling-favourable alongshore wind stress and increased catch rates occurred during mating season in austral spring. At the end of austral summer, BBLT began warming, downwelling-favourable winds were dominant, and catch rates declined around the post-moult period. Outputs from the generalised linear models (GLMs) that separated these effects in each season show that, at shorter temporal scales, daily catch rates also increased with episodic BBLT cooling and upwelling-favourable alongshore wind stress, but only during austral autumn and winter. These new findings suggest that region-specific, short-term and seasonal variability of oceanographic processes responsible for changes in BBLT play an important role in influencing the catchability of spanner crabs. We suggest that the effects of region-specific physical oceanographic processes must be considered in future work when investigating the catchability of commercially important fisheries species fished over large spatial domains.