Author(s): Davis, Samantha Lee | Advisor(s): Schmitt, Russell J; Holbrook, Sally J | Abstract: Coral reefs are currently threatened by both natural and human-driven disturbances, and climate change scenarios suggest that the health of future reefs is uncertain. To better inform management and preservation of coral reef ecosystems, it is critical that we understand the mechanisms that support recovery of coral habitat after coral mortality events. Macroalgae can inhibit coral recovery by preventing recruitment and growth of corals after a disturbance, leading to a shift in the dominant benthic community from coral to macroalgae. These macroalgal habitats do not support the same diversity of fish and other species as healthy coral reefs, and are thus undesirable on large scales. This dissertation addresses some processes that are important in the establishment and persistence of these macroalgal phase shifts. Through an enhanced understanding of macroalgal persistence, we may be able to identify (and protect) key species and processes that are critical to promoting coral reef recovery.I used the macroalga Turbinaria ornata as a model species to examine the potential for herbivore-algal feedbacks that can promote persistent macroalgal phase shifts. This species is perennial and patches appear to persist inter-annually once established. In areas where macroalgae is present, Turbinaria largely dominates the benthic community. Results of observational studies of tagged Turbinaria patches suggest that Turbinaria populations exhibit positive population growth (both number of adult thalli and patch area increased over a 2 year period). Several factors including high turnover rates of thalli, year-round reproduction, and a buffer of immature individuals that may act as a "seed bank" following a disturbance may contribute to the expansion of this species in the lagoons of Moorea.In addition, I used field experiments to assess the potential for associational refuge to provide a mechanism for Turbinaria persistence in the lagoons of Moorea. Results from these experiments suggest that an associational refuge may facilitate persistence of Turbinaria, as predation on small vulnerable individuals (l 2 cm in length) is reduced when associated with larger, less palatable adults. However, the significance of this refuge depends on the local abundance of browsing herbivores that can consume macroalgae. An associational refuge that results in higher recruit survival in the presence of herbivory could represent a self-reinforcement mechanism that could facilitate the establishment and multi-generational persistence of Turbinaria patches on coral reefs.To determine the effects of herbivore pressure on the development and persistence of a macroalgal community, I examined the effects of herbivores on mature (dominated by the late stage macroalga Turbinaria ornata) and early stage (dominated by turf algae) algal communities. Results suggest that the effects of herbivores depend upon the initial conditions of the benthic community, and this may have implications for management practices for disturbed, degraded and healthy reefs. Herbivores, particularly browsing fish that can consume mature macroalgae, appear to be limited in their capacity to remove established macroalgae. These critical species appear to be present in low abundance in some habitats, and are targeted as part of a local fishery. In contrast, other herbivores (grazers that consume turf algae and immature macroalgae) appear to readily limit the development of macroalgal communities. I also found that herbivores differentially influence the richness of macroalgal communities depending on the initial macroalgal community. Specifically, an initial presence of the mature macroalga, Turbinaria ornata, enhanced richness of macroalgal assemblage even as herbivore pressure increased. At the same level of herbivore pressure, communities with Turbinaria present had greater richness than communities that initially were dominated by turf algae, even after two years. Results from this experiment provide some of the first empirical tests of hysteresis (path-dependency) in reef recovery, and reinforce the importance of different herbivore functional groups at different points along the recovery trajectory.Overall, this research highlights characteristics of macroalgae and interactions between macroalgal and herbivore communities that can drive persistent macroalgal phase shifts in coral reef ecosystems. This information may be used to develop sustainable management and conservation strategies to preserve these valuable ecosystems and the services that they provide for local communities.


Neither the use of 0.25% plain bupivacaine for spinal analgesia in adults nor the use of doses of less than 10 mg bupivacaine has received much investigation. Nielsen et al.' conclude that the use of 0.5% plain solution of bupivacaine confers no advantages over the 0.25% solution, and McClure et a[.* suggest that the use of an adequate dose of local anaesthetic in a small volume gives a more predictable block. An earlier randomised (as yet unpublished) prospective study of 51 patients for surgery for fractured neck of femur showed that adequate analgesia was produced by using either 3 ml 0.5% or 3 ml 0.25% plain bupivacaine (M.V. Achwal and H.G,R. Balmer, personal communication). A feasibility study p a s carried out to determine whether 1.5 ml 0.5% plain bupivacaine was a suitable agent with the same anaesthetic technique, (the patient lies on the unaffected side and injection is through either the LZp3 or L3-4 interspace with a 22-G needle). Twelve patients were studied, the block was deemed to be acceptable when analgesia (testdd with an ethyl chloride spray) had extended to the TI, dermatome. A satisfactory block was achieved in 15 minutes in eight patients. None of these patients required further intra-operative analgesia or analgesia in the recovery room; the median height of the block was T,, (range T, to LJ. Analgesia had extended only to the L, dermatome by 15 minutes in the other four patients, and they were given a general anaesthetic. All required analgesia in the recovery room. Bupivacaine 7.5 mg is an adequate dose for spinal analgesia for fractured neck of femur in a volume of 3 ml and not in a volume of 1.5 ml. This challenges the proposition that dosage is more important than volume or concentration in the control of the spread of local anaesthetic solutions in the cerebrospinal fluid.3


Molecular dynamics simulations were used to model grain boundary sliding in stressed Fe–Ni bicrystals exposed to low energy neutron irradiation. We studied how sliding stress thresholds and sliding mechanisms changed with variations in the Ni boundary morphology and boundary geometry. Simulations corresponding to ordered boundary Ni distributions and coincident-site lattice (CSL) geometries relaxed stress through a dislocation-mediated sliding mechanism. Such a mechanism was found to follow Orowan's law, in which the stress relaxation rate is proportional to the dislocation velocity. Alternatively, simulations of disordered Ni distributions and non-CSL boundary geometries were described by a random shuffling process with time-dependent stress relaxation rate. Nevertheless, irrespective of the stress relaxation process followed by the bicrystals, after reaching equilibrium, the amounts of boundary displacement and stress relaxation were always found to be proportionally related. These observations might prove useful to groups working on building continuum (macroscopic) models of deformations in irradiated materials.


Earlier work [LGBJS06] presents an automaton-based non-interference monitoring mechanism for sequential programs. This technical report extends this work to a concurrent setting. Monitored programs are constituted of a set of threads running in parallel. Those threads run programs equivalent to those of [LGBJS06] except for the inclusion of a synchronization command. The monitoring mechanism is still based on a security automaton and on a combination of dynamic and static analyses. As in [LGBJS06], the monitoring semantics sends abstractions of program events to the automaton, which uses the abstractions to track information flows and to control the execution by forbidding or editing dangerous actions. All monitored executions are proved to be non-interfering (soundness).


ABSTRACT Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia is a sclerosing disease that affects the mandible, especially the alveolar process, and that is, in most cases, bilateral; however, in some cases it affects up to three or even four quadrants. During the disease, normal bone is replaced with a thinly formed, irregularly distributed tissue peppered with radiolucent areas of soft tissue. Newly formed bone does not seem to invade periodontal space, but, in several images, it is confused with the roots, without, however, compromising pulp vitality or tooth position in the dental arch. There is no replacement resorption, not even when the images suggest dentoalveolar ankylosis. Orthodontists should make an accurate diagnosis when planning treatments, as this disease, when fully established, is one of the extremely rare situations in which orthodontic treatment is contraindicated. This contraindication is due to: (a) procedures such as the installment of mini-implants and mini-plaques, surgical maneuvers to apply traction to unerupted teeth and extractions should be avoided to prevent contamination of the affected bone with bacteria from the oral microbiota; and (b) tooth movement in the areas affected is practically impossible because of bone disorganization in the alveolar process, characterized by high bone density and the resulting cotton-wool appearance. Densely mineralized and disorganized bone is unable to remodel or develop in an organized way in the periodontal ligaments and the alveolar process. Organized bone remodeling is a fundamental phenomenon for tooth movement.


This collection from a highly impressive international group of educational researchers explores epistemological, methodological, and ethical-political issues in the production of knowledge about educational phenomena in contemporary society. The book is organized in two sections. The first focuses on how the enterprise of knowledge production is being influenced by global discourses of educational accountability, evidence-based practice and policy, and quality assessment. The second section features material that focuses more specifically on reconceiving both methodological matters and the kinds of knowledge that demand attention in this climate. The book is unique in bringing together chapters by scholars well-known internationally for their original contributions to educational theory and research practice.


This paper focuses on the parametric behavior of a closed loop pulsating heat pipe in the presence of water as a working fluid. The experimental study was done in the presence of different vacuum pressures inside the heat pipe with 50 percent filling ratio. The temperature was measured through the DAQ system with help of Lab VIEW 15.1 software at 12 locations of heat pipe at variable power inputs (10W–70W). Thermal resistance and variation of temperature are used to predict the performance of the heat pipe. Thermal resistance of heat pipe decreases with decrease in vacuum pressure inside the heat pipe. This work is useful for the transfer of heat of electronic devices and integrated circuit technology due to the high coefficient of convective heat transfer in the presence of phase change of working fluid inside the heat pipe.


Banturejo that is located in Kecamatan Ngantang, Kabupaten Malang, East Java Province, has a potential commodity in fisheries. The local resident see this potential commodity as a business opportunity by producing several kind of food products. KOPWAN Srikandi, which is women corporation, sell food products from fresh fish material. One of the products is catfish (Pangasius pangasius) floss. The problem production is the quality of fish floss which contain high level of oil content. Therefore it makes shelf life of catfish floss is relatively short. "Spinner pulling oil" is an automatic removal oil device which is equipped by centrifugal force to reduce the high level of oil content and become a solution to solve the problems on a household industries. Spinner Pulling Oil equipped with timer that able to automation and dimensions used for the design are Length x Width x Height is 60 x 45 x 52 centimeters. The driving tool with an electric motor that is used has the power ¼ HP, 2.36 A with 220 V of voltage, 50 Hz, 1400 RPM (1 phase motor) and 200 watt so it can move the material basket with a capacity of 10 kg at a speed of 1076 RPM. Performance testing of spinner was carried out to determine the machine performance with trial to the machine and by doing the test of the oil content of sample after spinning. The sample of catfish floss was threatened with the difference time duration included 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 minutes. In this study, the time optimal and the power consumption of device was being analyzed. The optimal time of spinning was obtained in 6 min with 25,49% fat content.


Video algorithm (e.g. H.264, MPEG2/4 etc) requires tremendous amount of computation power and data bandwidth. This complexity depends on encoding vs. decoding mode, video standard, resolution, frame-rate and visual quality constraints. Many video architecture solutions typically use multiple processing elements (e.g. multiple DSPs or MCU, DSP/MCU with dedicated accelerators or FPGA etc) to achieve the high computation requirements for video algorithms. These architectures provide new challenges to video software's that are typically designed to run on a single processor. This paper presents software design for a video architecture using parallel processing elements. This paper explains following aspects in detail a) Software partitioning b) Algorithm specific optimizations c) Processor specific optimizations d) Efficient DMA/Cache usage e) Concurrent scheduling of all parallel processing elements. The given approach is explained with example of MPEG4 encoder on TMS320DM6446, which is Davincitrade family device from Texas Instruments Ltd. The given software architecture is scalable for various video standards (e.g. H.264, MPEG2/4 etc) as well as various parallel processing hardware solutions. The software achieves performance Dl@30 fsp on given device at less than 50% of DSP load.


In quantitative proteomics work, the differences in expression of many separate proteins are routinely examined to test for significant differences between treatments. This leads to the multiple hypothesis testing problem: when many separate tests are performed many will be significant by chance and be false positive results. Statistical methods such as the false discovery rate method that deal with this problem have been disseminated for more than one decade. However a survey of proteomics journals shows that such tests are not widely implemented in one commonly used technique, quantitative proteomics using two-dimensional electrophoresis. We outline a selection of multiple hypothesis testing methods, including some that are well known and some lesser known, and present a simple strategy for their use by the experimental scientist in quantitative proteomics work generally. The strategy focuses on the desirability of simultaneous use of several different methods, the choice and emphasis dependent on research priorities and the results in hand. This approach is demonstrated using case scenarios with experimental and simulated model data.


The Cholesky decomposition method is the gold standard used in the field of behavioral genetics. The method is popular because it is easy to program and solve. Using this method, researchers can explore individual differences in longitudinal relations of different variables across multiple time points. The method allows investigators to decompose variance into (1) unique genetic, shared and non-shared environmental effects that arise at specific time points as well as (2) overlapping genetic, shared and non-shared environmental effects that carry over from one time point to another. However, the method does not identify the mechanisms or origins underlying these effects. The current report focuses on application of the Cholesky decomposition method in the field of educational psychology. Specifically, it discusses individual differences in longitudinal relations between kindergarten letter knowledge, kindergarten phonological awareness, first grade word-level reading skills, and seventh grade reading comprehension.


Among 500 patients with bacteremia and fungemia, total mortality was 42%; about half of all deaths were attributable directly to infection. Mortality increased with age, but deaths unrelated to infection itself were responsible in part for this increase. Mortality was 2.6% among obstetric-gynecologic patients, 42% among medical patients, 49% among surgical patients, and 60% among transplant patients. The risk of death was especially high with enterococcal, facultative gram-negative, fungal, polymicrobial, or hospital-acquired sepsis; in the presence of shock, leukopenia, absolute granulocytopenia, or defined predisposing conditions (neoplasia, cirrhosis, and combinations of factors such as surgery and renal failure); and with a primary infected focus in the respiratory tract, the skin, a surgical wound, an abscess, or an unknown site. Body temperature was inversely related to mortality. Survival was increased by the use of appropriate antibiotics and, where applicable, additional therapeutic maneuvers (e.g., drainage). Multivariate analysis defined seven variables that independently influenced outcome: microorganism, blood pressure, body temperature, primary focus of infection, place of acquisition of infection, age, and predisposing factors. Although some adverse prognostic factors are not amenable to intervention, prevention of nosocomial bacteremia and fungemia and early reversal of hypotension may reduce the death rate from sepsis.


Spinal cord injury (SCI) results not only in paralysis; but it is also associated with a range of autonomic dysregulation that can interfere with cardiovascular, bladder, bowel, temperature, and sexual function. The entity of the autonomic dysfunction is related to the level and severity of injury to descending autonomic (sympathetic) pathways.
For many years there was limited awareness of these issues and the attention given to them by the scientific and medical community was scarce. Yet, even if a new system to document the impact of SCI on autonomic function has recently been proposed, the current standard of assessment of SCI (American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) examination) evaluates motor and sensory pathways, but not severity of injury to autonomic pathways.
Beside the severe impact on quality of life, autonomic dysfunction in persons with SCI is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Therefore, obtaining information regarding autonomic function in persons with SCI is pivotal and clinical examinations and laboratory evaluations to detect the presence of autonomic dysfunction and quantitate its severity are mandatory.
Furthermore, previous studies demonstrated that there is an intimate relationship between the autonomic nervous system and sleep from anatomical, physiological, and neurochemical points of view. Although, even if previous epidemiological studies demonstrated that sleep problems are common in spinal cord injury (SCI), so far only limited polysomnographic (PSG) data are available. Finally, until now, circadian and state dependent autonomic regulation of blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and body core temperature (BcT) were never assessed in SCI patients.
Aim of the current study was to establish the association between the autonomic control of the cardiovascular function and thermoregulation, sleep parameters and increased cardiovascular risk in SCI patients.


The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) has brought out changes in our daily life and has caused severe morbidity and mortality across the globe. Especially, post covid complications may remain a threat to the patient's life. It may also increase the burden on existing health infrastructure and the country's economy. This disease affects the respiratory system and other organ systems of the body, such as the cardiovascular system. The aim of the present narrative review is to understand how COVID-19 infection deranges vascular homeostasis, leading to endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness in the acute phase and following infection. To this effect, definite keywords were employed to obtain relevant information using PubMed database and Google Scholar search engines. It was documented that preexisting cardiovascular disease enhances morbidity in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, an elevated risk of development of new onset cardiovascular events has also been reported. Even a small amount of myocardial injury was significantly associated with death. The presence of virus in myocardial cells has also been documented. Furthermore, endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness were documented in the acute phase and 3–4 weeks to 4 months after COVID infection. The virus enters endothelial cells by binding with ACE2 "receptor" on its surface and deranges cellular machinery. It results in reduced conversion of Ang II to Ang (1–7). Accumulated Ang II then activates PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and regulates endothelial activation and production of IL-6 and reactive oxygen species (ROS). An imbalance between renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) and kallikrein kinin system (KKS) also occurs, which may cause endothelial dysfunction. It is understandable that the underlying pathophysiology of this altered arterial stiffness is multifactorial, involving various cellular and immunological biomolecules.


Anion transporters have shown potential application as anti-cancer agents that function by disrupting homeostasis and triggering cell death. In this research article we report switchable anion transport by gold complexes of anion transporters that are 'switched on' in situ in the presence of the reducing agent GSH by decomplexation of gold. GSH is found in higher concentrations in tumours than in healthy tissue and hence this approach offers a strategy to target these systems to tumours.


In this paper we introduce a new kind of feature - the multi-local feature, so named as each one is a collection of local features, such as oriented edgels, in a very specific spatial arrangement. A multi-local feature has the ability to capture underlying constant shape properties of exemplars from an object class. Thus it is particularly suited to representing and detecting visual classes that lack distinctive local structures and are mainly defined by their global shape. We present algorithms to automatically learn an ensemble of these features to represent an object class from weakly labelled training images of that class, as well as procedures to detect these features efficiently in novel images. The power of multi-local features is demonstrated by using the ensemble in a simple voting scheme to perform object category detection on a standard database. Despite its simplicity, this scheme yields detection rates matching state-of-the-art object detection systems.


Abstract Definite and demonstrative determiners in English share the same central semantics of uniqueness (e.g., Hawkins, 1991 ; Ionin, Baek, Kim, Ko, & Wexler, 2012 ; Wolter, 2006 ), but the computation of the semantics is constrained by different discourse conditions and determined by pragmatic knowledge, which pertains to the interface between semantics and pragmatics. This paper investigates whether L2 learners may have persistent difficulty in acquiring properties involving the semantics-pragmatics interface, by exploring the acquisition of L2 English definite and demonstrative determiners by advanced and near-native L1 Chinese learners of English. It also examines whether acquisition results are influenced by the learners' L1 Chinese, which lacks an article system but allows demonstrative determiners. The results from a forced-choice written task show that advanced learners were unable to distinguish between the two determiners in different discourse conditions; near-native-level L1 Chinese learners displayed a native-like preference for the definite determiner, but not for the demonstrative determiner. It is argued that convergence at the semantics-pragmatics interface is not impossible for L2 learners, but (un)acquirability may be constrained by asymmetries in the L1–L2 realizations of semantics-pragmatics mappings. The findings raise interesting questions for future research into factors that can influence the acquisition of external interfaces.


The crystallization of a model semicrystalline polymer, namely, poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT), was studied as a function of the curvature at the nanometric scale and substrate surface free energy (SFE). Nanostructured substrates with a controlled local curvature were prepared by deposition of a 235 nm SiO2 particle monolayer, and their SFE was modulated by functionalization with octadecyltrichlorosilane, followed by radiofrequency plasma oxidation. The crystallization of ultrathin P3HT thin films, on the curved portions of the substrate, was found to mostly depend on the substrate SFE, while spontaneous wetting occurred in all cases. The effect is analyzed in terms of the interplay of polymer wetting (affecting the interfacial free energy) and lamellar crystallization, implying the modulation of crystallization enthalpy, demonstrating that the balance between SFE minimization and crystallization enthalpy maximization governs the phenomenon. The results highlight the role played by the surface nanostructuri...


This study sought to understand the standpoints of farming families who have resisted or abandoned tobacco cultivation and also the perceptions of State representatives, civil society organizations and the tobacco industry regarding the implementation and the continuity of this cultivation in a producing region in southern Brazil. In this ethnographic study, 27 semi-structured interviews were conducted with farming families and key informants. Besides that, participant observation was conducted. For those who abandoned tobacco cultivation, the main reason mentioned was indebtedness, and for those who have never planted, the main reasons alleged were fear of indebtedness, a limited workforce or religious issues. State representatives and civil society organizations highlighted illusory financial returns as the main reason for tobacco cultivation. Tobacco industry representatives insisted on the difficulty of commercializing the production and the low price of foodstuffs as a stimulus to adhere to the integrated system. It is therefore concluded that the formation of associations and the development of crop rotation plans are important strategies to be adopted to facilitate the change of cultivation in order to promote better working and living conditions for the rural population.


The paper presents the finding of a study conducted in order to analyse the characteristics of flow in a real complex terrain in the vicinity of the Kristiansand Airport (Kjevik), Norway. The paper starts with a brief description of the governing equations, their numerical discretization and the safety criteria used by the aviation industry to classify turbulence as mild or extreme. Directional dependence of the flow characteristics in the region is studied followed by an attempt to validate the experience of the pilots operating in the region.


Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease attributed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has shown associations with various fungal opportunistic infections such as mucormycosis, invasive candidiasis, and aspergillosis, which have contributed to the mortality of the disease. In India, the incidence of mucormycosis had risen rapidly during the second wave. There is ample literature demonstrating the role of iron in the pathogenesis of mucormycosis. The hyperferritinemia associated with COVID-19 may have played a significant role in promoting the invasion and extent of the fungus. Aims and objectives The study aimed to analyze the association between serum ferritin levels and the extent of involvement of mucormycosis in patients affected with COVID-19. Methodology A single-center cross-sectional study was conducted using retrospective hospital record data. G*Power statistical analysis software was used to compute the sample size of 62 (31+31). The radiological data were used to determine the extent of involvement. Results A statistically significant difference was seen in levels of serum ferritin (p = 0.008) between the radiologically judged two groups of the mild extent of invasion of mucormycosis (rhinosinusitis) and severe extent of invasion (rhino-orbital/cerebral mucormycosis), with a severe extent seen with the group having higher levels of serum ferritin. Severe extent of invasion was seen in 53.6% of patients with diabetes mellitus and 62.5% of patients with both diabetes and hypertension. Conclusion The hyperferritinemia not only presents as a marker of the systemic inflammatory process in COVID-19 but also indicates increased free iron, which thereby aids the growth and extent of involvement by the fungus (Rhizopus oryzae). In individuals with diabetes and hypertension, the severity was greater. Controlling catastrophic outcomes in individuals with high serum ferritin levels necessitates extra caution.


"Heartsink" patients exasperate, defeat, and overwhelm their doctors by their behaviour. A group of such patients was followed up over five years in a general practice, and this paper describes what happened to them. As a group they were often in employment and in stable relationships, though women were over represented. Half the group were subjected to a management plan which seemed to make them less heartsink over the five year period. While heartsink patients often have serious medical problems, they are a disparate group of individuals whose only common thread seems to be the distress they cause their doctor and the practice. Heartsink as a phenomenon has features that are unique to general practice.


In this paper, we study the effect of the timing of puberty on educational achievement and examine to what extent the gender differences in the timing of puberty can explain gender differences in achievement. We use British cohort data that combine information on pubertal development with test scores, behavioral outcomes as well as final educational attainment and earnings. Controlling for age 7 cognitive skills and family background, we show that late pubertal development is associated with a slower rate of cognitive skill growth during adolescence. This disadvantage in cognitive development is also reflected in lower levels of educational attainment and earnings for late developed individuals. The number of late developing boys is however too small to explain more than a fraction of the gender gap in educational outcomes. Furthermore, we find no effects on self-discipline or other behavioral outcomes in adolescence, suggesting a mechanism wholly separate from other causes of the gender gap.


Background and aim of the work: The substitution of fish meal in fish feeds has been thoroughly studied subject in aquaculture nutrition. Among cereals, corn gluten is one of the most used vegetal protein in fish feeds. This study investigated the effect of high level corn gluten inclusion in rainbow trout nutrition and related effects on productive and quality of product. Methods: Three isoproteic (crude protein: 41%) and isoenergetic (19 MJ kg-1 of dry matter) diets were tested with graded level of corn gluten  inclusion (40, 50 and 60%).  Four hundred eighty rainbow trout (body weight : 50.7 ± 2.0 g) were utilised. At the end of experiment, productive traits, haematological analyses and quality analysis were carried out. Results: Considering the productive traits, statistically significant differences were found between fish fed with control and corn gluten diets. In all the measured parameters a similar pattern was visible showing main difference  between highest level of corn gluten inclusion GLU50 and fish meal fed fish, CTRL (Specific Growth Rate, GLU50:1.11 ± 0.1; GLU40: 1.14 ±  0.02ab, CTRL, 1.36 ±  0.1b;Food Conversion Rate, GLU50: 2.02 ±  0.1ab; GLU40: 1.82 ± 0.1ab, CTRL: 1.5 ±  0.1b). Conclusions: Productive and haematological data indicated that the maximum corn gluten inclusion was reached with 40%. Quality of product analysis indicated that the fillets of fish fed with an inclusion of 50% of corn gluten showed similar aroma features of control fish fillet.


The necessity of the compactness of the converters in many applications imposes the reduction of the size of their different components when it is possible. In this paper, the cascade of a grid connected voltage controlled rectifier and an inverter supplying a motor is considered and the effect of diminution of DC-link capacitor (C/sub 0/ on Fig.1) on the stability of the DC-link voltage is investigated using small-signal linearization and impedance criterion. The output impedance of the controlled rectifier is studied in both cases of DC-link voltage control (DC-VC) and DC-link energy control (DC-EC). The input impedance of the inverter-motor stage, for which the control is based on the classical field orientation, is also explained. In ideal case, if the power delivered by the controlled rectifier can track the load power, the DC-link voltage remains almost constant even in transitory state. Under this condition a low value of C/sub 0/ could ensure the stability of the DC-link voltage. Then, three methods of power load compensation, i.e. a decoupling matrix, a nonlinear feedback compensation and the feedback linearization technique, are proposed and studied for stabilizing the DC-link voltage. The results are illustrated by means of digital computer simulations of complete induction motor and controlled rectifier models with full order linear closed loop flux observer.


The key problems of nation- and state-building are revealed in the concept of the chronotope of the Ukrainian "long twentieth century," which is a hybrid projection of the "long nineteenth century." An essential feature of this stage in the history of Ukraine and Ukrainians is the realization of the intentions of socioeconomic, ethnocultural and political emancipation: in fact, the end of the Ukrainian revolution, which began in the context of World War I and the destruction of the colonial system. The third book tells about the contradictions of post-Soviet transit. The three modern revolutions, the development of "oligarchic republics," the subjectivization of Ukraine in the world through self-awareness of the European choice are visible manifestations of the final stage of the century-old Ukrainian revolution and anti-colonial liberation war. The essential transformations of the Ukrainian project are understood in the broad optics of post-totalitarian transit, the successful completion of which now rules for the national idea of Ukraine. For a wide audience.


The thesis examines a multi-site case study based upon an instance of educational innovation within a group of six primary schools located in an inner-urban area of Hartlepool, County Cleveland. The schools, selected by their LEA, participated in a three year Educational Support Grant Urban Project to: raise pupils' performance and teachers' expectations; Improve the schools' organisation, management and curriculum; involve parents, end explore other policies that might lead to the schools' improvement. The study is divided into four main sections. Chapter one explores a range of definitions of change and innovation through an examination of relevant literature. Attention is focussed on the concept of change and innovation, its major factors, stages and influences and its relationship to authority, leadership, power and negotiation in educational organisations. After a brief resume of the D.E.S, Educational Support Grant, (1984), and the Cleveland LEA's response, chapter two presents a case study rationale. The research process, embodied in this chapter, examines alternative methodologies before making a defence of qualitative case study incorporating illuminative evaluation strategies. Chapter three presents the evaluation of the Hartlepool Dockland Urban Project. The evaluation is divided into early, mid and late phases. Within the successive phases attempts are made to explore the climate of the Project schools. The progressively focussing process utilises a range of data collection, reduction and display techniques which are outlined in a conceptual framework. Each phase culminates in within and cross-site analyses, in the style of Miles and Huberman, (1984).The final chapter is in the form of summary and recommendations. Project schools, their leadership and staff, and the innovating institution are reviewed in the light of the evaluation and in conjunction with a critical analysis of the research methodology. In the final analysis recommendations for substantive areas of innovation and for evaluators lead into a description of possibilities and opportunities for future research and overall conclusions.


A proposed method of measuring the size of particles entrained in a flow of a liquid or gas would involve utilization of data from digital particle-image velocimetry (DPIV) of the flow. That is to say, with proper design and operation of a DPIV system, the DPIV data could be processed according to the proposed method to obtain particle sizes in addition to particle velocities. As an additional benefit, one could then compute the mass flux of the entrained particles from the particle sizes and velocities. As in DPIV as practiced heretofore, a pulsed laser beam would be formed into a thin sheet to illuminate a plane of interest in a flow field and the illuminated plane would be observed by means of a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera aimed along a line perpendicular to the illuminated plane. Unlike in DPIV as practiced heretofore, care would be taken to polarize the laser beam so that its electric field would lie in the illuminated plane, for the reason explained in the next paragraph. The proposed method applies, more specifically, to transparent or semitransparent spherical particles that have an index of refraction different from that of the fluid in which they are entrained. The method is based on the established Mie theory, which describes the scattering of light by diffraction, refraction, and specular reflection of light by such particles. In the case of a particle illuminated by polarized light and observed in the arrangement described in the preceding paragraph, the Mie theory shows that the image of the particle on the focal plane of the CCD camera includes two glare spots: one attributable to light reflected toward the camera and one attributable to light refracted toward the camera. The distance between the glare spots is a known function of the size of the particle, the indices of refraction of the particle material, and design parameters of the camera optics. Hence, the size of a particle can be determined from the distance between the glare spots. The proposed method would be implemented in an algorithm that would automatically identify, and measure the distance between, the glare spots for each particle for which a suitable image has been captured in a DPIV image frame. The algorithm (see figure) would begin with thresholding of data from the entire image frame to reduce noise, thereby facilitating discrimination of particle images from the background and aiding in the separation of overlapping particles. It is important not to pick a threshold level so high that the light intensity between a given pair of glare spots does not fall below the threshold value, leaving the glare spots disconnected. The image would then be scanned in a sequence of rows and columns of pixels to identify groups of adjacent pixels that contain nonzero brightnesses and that are surrounded by pixels of zero brightness. Each such group would be assumed to constitute the image of one particle. Each such group would be further analyzed to determine whether the image was saturated; saturated particle images must be rejected because the locations of glare spots in saturated images cannot accurately be determined. Within each unsaturated particle image, the centroids (deemed to be the locations) of the glare spots would be determined by means of gradients of brightness distributions and three-point horizontal and three-point vertical Gaussian estimates based on the brightness values of the brightest pixels and the pixels adjacent to them. If the brightness of a given particle image contained only one peak, then it would be assumed that a second glare spot did not exist and that image would be rejected.


In this paper, novel molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) based on Mn doped ZnS quantum dots (QDs) with molecular recognition ability were successfully synthesized by precipitation polymerization using 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP) as template, methacrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross-linker. The obtained materials (MIPs-ZnS:Mn QDs), which were composed of Mn doped ZnS QDs as phosphorescence signal and MIPs as molecular selective recognition sites, could sensitively and selectively recognize the template molecules by using the spectrofluorometer. After the experimental conditions were optimized, a linear relationship was obtained covering the range of 1.0–56 μmol L−1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9994. The developed method was applicable to routine trace determination of 2,6-DCP in real examples. This study also provides a general strategy to fabricate MIPs-coated QDs with excellent performance and is desirable for chemical sensor application.


Solid freeform fabrication (SFF) enables the fabrication of anatomically shaped porous components required for formation of tissue engineered implants. This article reports on the characterization of a three-dimensional-printing method, as a powder-based SFF technique, to create reproducible porous structures composed of calcium polyphosphate (CPP). CPP powder of 75-150 microm was mixed with 10 wt % polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymeric binder, and used in the SFF machine with appropriate settings for powder mesh size. The PVA binder was eliminated during the annealing procedure used to sinter the CPP particles. The porous SFF fabricated components were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, micro-CT scanning, X-ray diffraction, and mercury intrusion porosimetry. In addition, mechanical testing was conducted to determine the compressive strength of the CPP cylinders. The 35 vol % porous structures displayed compressive strength on average of 33.86 MPa, a value 57% higher than CPP of equivalent volume percent porosity made through conventional gravity sintering. Dimensional deviation and shrinkage analysis was conducted to identify anisotropic factors required for dimensional compensation during SFF sample formation and subsequent sintering. Cell culture studies showed that the substrate supported cartilage formation in vitro, which was integrated with the top surface of the porous CPP similar to that observed when chondrocytes were grown on CPP formed by conventional gravity sintering methods as determined histologically and biochemically.


It was a nice and cool evening in October 1958, when we were sitting in all safety and comfort in the Resthouse at Ranau. The sky had cleared up and Mt Kinabalu dominated the scenery in all its rugged majesty. Mr D.I. Nicholson, the Ecologist of Sandakan, and I were to start next day to climb the mountain. The preparations had been made, and, lingering around, my eye fell on a booklet on the table. It was "A Tragedy of Borneo 1941-1945", and its subtitle was "Kinabalu National Memorial Park Project". While reading, I became deeply impressed. The Tragedy of Borneo began seriously in September 1944. Then the 2400 prisoners, 1800 Australians and 600 Englishmen, who had been kept in a P.O.W. camp at Sandakan, were driven by the Japs westward, into the interior, along a murderous track 150 miles long through the heaviest country, on a daily ration of 2½ ounces of rice, while the stores in Sandakan were packed with International Red Cross parcels, and while the American planes came over high in the sky, using the Kinabalu as a land mark, unaware of the terrible things that were happening on the ground. When in August 1945 the death march ended at the foot of the Kinabalu, the Imperial Army of Japan had massacred all these men, except for six Australians who somehow had managed to escape. While we made the ascent, I saw Mr Nicholson busy collecting data for the setting out of a National Park. This will comprise the summit of the mountain, and a good deal of its slopes. In the booklet, which I was very glad to see now again on my desk, this is explained extensively. For its objective is to seek approval and support for the following aims: " 1) To commemorate in a more constructive way than War Graves Cemeteries are, by their nature, intended to do, a wartime disaster and recovery of deep national significance to Australia, Great Britain, and British Borneo. 2) To symbolize for posterity the close bonds of friendship, mutual respect, and common endeavour, which have always existed between the British and the indigenous people of Borneo, and which during World War II found frequent and courageous expression throughout the dreadful ordeal through which the country passed. 3) To focus historical interest on Kundasan (4000 ft) near Ranau on the slopes of Mt Kinabalu (13455 ft), the highest mountain in SE. Asia and the most imposing feature in all Borneo. Subject to other conditions being favourable, to work also towards the development of the area for the future benefit of native as well as British interests in Borneo."


Copper (I) oxide (Cu2O) is a potential material for the fabrication of low cost solar cells for terrestrial application. A detailed survey on the previous work so far carried out on Cu2O based solar cells has been presented. The aspects discussed include the fabrication of Schottky (metal/semiconductor) barrier Cu2O solar cells, where different low work function metals are used to form the Schottky barrier solar cells. The problems associated with the Cu2O Schottky barrier solar cells and efforts made at improving the performance of these solar cells are highlighted. Discussions on heterojunction solar cells with Cu2O have also been presented. Various transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) used in forming the heterojunction cells are mentioned, and successes and failures of using them highlighted. The technological developments of these cells are still in their infancy and the performance remains very poor. The root causes of this poor performance are analyzed and possible areas for future research in the field are outlined. Keyword: Copper (I) oxide, Solar cells, Solar cells, Schottky barrier sola cells


hormone: 2-3 U/I at 20 min and 2-5 U/I at 60 min. In addition, thyroxine concentration was low at 48 nmol/l (4 ug/100 ml) with inappropriately low thyroid stimulating hormone concentration (200 ,cg thyrotrophin releasing hormone test: thyroid stimulating hormone concentration at 0 min 2-4 mU/1, at 20 min 7-5 mU/i, and at 60 min 8-3 mU/l), the prolactin was slightly raised (200 ug thyrotrophin releasing hormone test: prolactin at 0 min 810 mU/l, at 20 min 1730 mU/1, and at 60 min 1240 mU/l). Cortisol showed no diurnal rhythm-midnight 63 nmol/l (2 ,ug/100 ml), 0800 68 nmol/l (2-5 ug/100 ml)-and a very poor response to hypoglycaemia (peak 280 nmol/l (10 ,ug/100 ml)). Growth hormone showed no response to hypoglycaemia. Urine osmolality increased during a short water deprivation test (plasma 291 mmol (mosmol)/kg; urine 762 mmol/kg). These tests confirmed that the patient had panhypopituitarism with preservation of posterior pituitary function only. Computed tomography of the pituitary fossa showed some enhancing tissue just above the sella posteriorly, and suprasellar cisternography showed a small rounded midline filling defect just anterior to the superior aspect of the dorsum sellae. These radiological studies showed a small midline mass just anterior to the tip of the dorsum sellae occupying the position of the pituitary stalk, suggesting the presence of a small hypothalamic tumour, probably a craniopharyngioma. There were no clinical features or investigation results to suggest a granulomatous or metastatic disease process. Treatment was started with hormone replacement, and within two weeks of a single injection of testosterone (Sustanon 250, 1 ml) the episodes of flushing ceased completely.


Molecular motion is often considered detrimental to luminescence because it favors
nonradiative decay. However, nothing is absolute, and molecular motion can also do useful work if
utilized properly. For example, photothermal therapy makes use of the heat generated in light
irradiation for cancer treatment. To further explore the merits of molecular motion, ortho-substituted
benzoic acids were used as model compounds to evaluate the importance of molecular motion to
luminescence in the solid state. It is verified that the twisting of the carboxylic acid group can activate
spin vibronic coupling to facilitate intersystem crossing to result in more efficient room temperature
phosphorescence (RTP). A five-state model is established to understand the ISC process and an
effective pre-twisted molecular design strategy is put forward for the development of efficient RTP
materials.


In order to achieve competitive advantage, organisations have to be strategic in their knowledge management. This specifically concerns the management of tacit knowledge, which is known as the intangible type of knowledge. Without an effective strategy for this, organisations stand the risk of losing valuable knowledge and expertise when employees leave the organisation. Research on how to manage tacit knowledge is limited. Therefore, this thesis has investigated the possibility of using organisational storytelling as a tool to manage tacit knowledge. Hence, the purpose with this thesis is to investigate whether organisational storytelling can be used as a strategy to manage tacit knowledge. This has been examined through a case study at SCA Packaging Sweden, which is a rare example of an organisation, which uses storytelling to share knowledge. Qualitative interviews and organisational stories have been analysed in order to investigate how storytelling can be used to create, retain and transfer tacit knowledge. The data collected has also been used to determine if organisational storytelling is effective when managing tacit knowledge. From our analysis we could conclude that SCA Packaging Sweden's usage of organisational storytelling creates, retains, and transfers knowledge within the organisation. In addition, our analysis has shown that the stories are rich in tacit knowledge. We can therefore argue that organisational storytelling can be an effective strategy to manage tacit knowledge.


OBJECTIVE
Eight amalgam alloys, 6 high-copper and 2 low-copper, were assessed for expansion via photoelastic resin.

METHOD AND MATERIALS
The photoelastic resin sheet was sectioned into 20 x 25-mm blocks, and two 4 x 8-mm holes were drilled into the resin. The amalgam alloys were hand condensed into the prepared holes. Test conditions for each alloy were (1) uncontaminated, (2) contaminated with 5 microL of Ringer's solution, and (3) contaminated with 5 microL of cell culture medium.

RESULTS
Contaminated high-copper amalgam alloys may exhibit expansion to varying degrees but do not show the classic delayed expansion. One spherical, nonzinc high-copper alloy showed no expansion, whether it was uncontaminated or contaminated, and 3 high-copper alloys with different amounts of zinc (0% to 1%) showed slight expansion when contaminated. One low-copper alloy displayed delayed expansion; within 17 days after initial expansion in the photoelastic resin, it had exceeded the greatest stress observed in any contaminated, high-copper zinc-containing alloy at 3 months.

CONCLUSION
Contamination of dental amalgam is to be avoided, but a zinc-containing high-copper amalgam will not exhibit classic delayed expansion even if contaminated.


The humanities background of the natural sciences
The cradle of our Western intellectual legacy is found in ancient Greece where philosophy witnessed the slow process of differentiation through which the various social sciences started to come into their own. Their interconnectedness precluded a separation between philosophy and the academic disciplines, explaining why throughout the subsequent history all the existing special sciences harboured schools of thought that reflected the influence of philosophical trends. Contemplate for example how the way in which Thomas Hobbes portrayed the "state of nature," namely as a battle of everyone against everyone (bellum omni contra omnes), influenced Charles Darwin in his conception of nature as a "struggle for existence." Stephen Gould even holds that natural selection essentially transposes the economic theory of Adam Smith to nature. Darwin struggled with the Enlightenment idea of progress although his theory as such does not leave any room for a purpose or goal. In all of this Gould discerns a paradox: the absence of a statement about general progress and the fossil record, crying out for "a rationale that will place progress into the center of evolutionary theory". Nineteenth century historicism succeeded the ideal of progress. It opened the way for unlimited change and transformation and at once highlights philosophical problems and insights already found in Greek philosophy. The all-important contribution of Plato was to realize that change always presupposes something persistent or enduring. This insight later on returned in the formulation of the law of inertia by Galileo and in the special theory of relativity by Einstein. Immanuel Kant articulated what he called the "law of the continuity of all change". However, it was the relationship between universality and what is individual that paved the way for the linguistic turn at the beginning of the 20th century. No science is possible of what is individual. Aristotle therefore had to introduce a universal secondary substance adjacent to his purely individual primary substance. While Plato actually stumbled upon a given law as order for things, Aristotle wrestled with the orderliness of things (such as the houseness of this house or the being a circle of this circle). Mediated by the space metaphysics of Parmenides' medieval philosophy eventually wrestled with the so-called ontic status of universals (universalia). Realistic metaphysics accepted a threefold existence of the universalia: ante rem as ideas in God's Mind, in re as their universal essential forms, and post rem as universal concepts in the mind of the human subject. By the beginning of the 13th century William of Ockham questioned the threefold existence of the universalia. Outside the human mind there is only a multiplicity of individual entities. Since nominalism rejected both a universal order for and a universal orderliness of things, it actually stripped reality of its laws and lawfulness, paving the way for Kant to introduce human understanding to fill this vacant position. He holds: "Understanding creates its laws (a priori) not out of nature but prescribes them to nature." Whereas Ray and Linnaeus continued the idea of types in their idealistic morphology (accepting universality outside the human mind in classifying plants and animals), Darwin and his followers adhere to nominalism, more recently articulated in a clear statement of Simpson: "Organisms are not types and do not have types." Not even modern mathematics escaped from the problem of universalia because (according to Fraenkel et al.) sets participate in the "well-known and amply discussed classical problem of the ontological status of the universals". Stegmuller even relates this problem to basic issues in mathematics as such - the three ontological positions, namely nominalism, conceptualism and platonism could be mapped upon "the quantitative categories finite totality (Gesamtheit) - denumerable infinite totality - non-denumerable infinite totality". Paul Bernays holds that the application of platonism in mathematics is so widespread that it is not an exaggeration to say that platonism reigns supreme in the field of mathematics. The remarkable and at once astonishing effect of the influence of the contest about universals in the modern natural sciences is that there is an abyss between nominalistic Darwinism and platonistic mathematics. All-in-all it is clear that the natural sciences were (and still are) thoroughly influenced by the humanities.
In hierdie artikel word ondersoek ingestel na die funderende rol van die geesteswetenskappe ten opsigte van die natuurwetenskappe. As toeligting hierop word enkele voorbeelde vermeld. Dink byvoorbeeld aan Thomas Hobbes wat die voorstaatlike natuurtoestand as 'n stryd van almal teen almal gesien het en daarmee 'n invloed op Darwin se "struggle for existence" uitgeoefen het. Hierdie invloed is versterk deur die historisme van die vroeg negentiende eeu waarin historiese veranderlikheid voorop gestel word. Plato het egter reeds ingesien dat verandering duursaamheid (konstansie) veronderstel - 'n insig wat Immanuel Kant sou verwoord in sy wet van die kontinuiteit van alle verandering. Plato se transendente idee en Aristoteles se algemene wesensvorme het sowel die idee van tipes as van universaliteit na vore gebring, wat op hul beurt tot die "universalia"- stryd van die laat-middeleeue sou lei, met die realisme (waaronder platonisme) en nominalisme as teegestelde pole. Dit is merkwaardig dat die moderne biologiese denke (neo-Darwinisme) nominalisties georienteerd is terwyl die moderne wiskunde oorwegend platonisties is.


We evaluated phenotypic and genotypic markers of drug resistance in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) at the time of virologic failure (VF) in subjects in the AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 388 (ACTG 388) who received lamivudine-zidovudine (or lamivudine-stavudine) and either indinavir, efavirenz-indinavir, or nelfinavir-indinavir. At VF, phenotypically susceptible HIV-1 was found in 55% of subjects in the nelfinavir-indinavir arm, compared with 22% in the indinavir arm (P=.006). Phenotypic resistance to lamivudine was less common in the efavirenz-indinavir arm (33% of subjects; P=.002) and the nelfinavir-indinavir arm (43%; P=.003), compared with the indinavir arm (78%). Isolated phenotypic resistance to efavirenz at VF occurred in HIV-1 recovered from 33% of subjects in the efavirenz-indinavir arm; 24% of the subjects had HIV-1 with both efavirenz and lamivudine resistance. Results of genotypic tests were similar. The lower frequency of resistance in the nelfinavir-indinavir arm likely reflects decreased drug exposure that is due to intolerance, which is consistent with the lower potency and tolerability of this combination in ACTG 388. The lower frequency of lamivudine resistance in the efavirenz-indinavir arm is consistent with reports in other studies of potent regimens. Thus, although dual resistance to efavirenz and lamivudine occurred at VF in the efavirenz-indinavir arm, this risk was relatively low when evaluated in the context of the potency and tolerability of this regimen.


Nowadays, there are many books aimed for children who are set as interesting as possible to attract and develop their reading skill as well as to give sources of knowledge and science. Usually, the attraction given is in the form of full picture and easy reading book which is specially made for children as beginner reader.. One of this kind of books is Seri Mengenal Hewan: Cerita Si Laba-laba which is a bilingual book specially made to attract as well as introduce English to the childre. However, does it really use a suitable language for children so that they are not easily bored because of the complexity of the language used? In this study, using Fry Formula and Graphic, and by analyzing the linguistics usage level and cultural side scoring column, the writer found that the readability of the source text (Bahasa Indonesia) is not suitable for children below sixth grade grade level of elementary school. Meanwhile, the readability in the target text is more suitable for children-but not less than the third grade level. However, the translation (English parts) needs some revision. After reading this study, hopefully the readers can be more careful in choosing bilingual books which have good readability quality.


This work develops a method for the construction of input-output systems capable of estimating the flows of goods and services among cities, having in view that the creation of accurate strategies depends on the regional peculiarities incorporated in the scope of the economic planning researches. The study innovates by combining geoprocessing with inputoutput theory elements, facilitating the interpretation of the information available on the extensive data set of interregional input-output systems. The analytical potential is showed through a panoramic evaluation of the Sao Paulo State supply and demand relations, and by the application of the estimated input-output system to a study of the regional impacts of the "Bolsa Familia" Program, an income transfer program from the Federal government. The results show that this program must be understood not only as a form of income transference, but also as a catalytic agent for decreasing the regional inequality inside the state.


In September 2014 the ECJ issued its decision in C-7/13 the Skandia case. The case con- cerned service transactions made between a main establishment in a third country and its Swedish branch. The branch was a member of a VAT group in Sweden. The ECJ estab- lished that the membership resulted in that the VAT group was considered as one taxable person which meant that the services was considered provided to the group itself and not the separate member. Therefore the transactions were deemed taxable. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the ECJ's assessment and judgment of the Skandia case, and how the decision affect art. 11 of the VAT Directive about VAT groups.The art. 11 of the VAT Directive provides a possibility for Member States of the EU to in- troduce rules that makes it possible for more than one person, if they meet certain criteria, to qualify as a single taxable person. In Sweden, these rules are implemented in chapter 6 a of the Swedish VAT Law. The rules on VAT groups have been further developed and in- terpreted by case law from the ECJ.The thesis shows that the Skandia case confirms some of the principles from previous case law, and develops new principles for the application of art. 11 of the VAT Directive. We draw the conclusion that the development of the law in relation to the ECJ's decision in the Skandia case, indicates that art. 11 of the VAT Directive should be assessed independently and not be influenced by other articles of the VAT Directive. We also believe that the Skandia case suggest that the territorial limitation of art. 11 means that a person must be physically established in a Member State to be able to be a member of a VAT group in that Member State. Finally, we draw the conclusion that the Skandia case indicates that the ECJ has taken inspiration from the international co-operation organ OECD. Such development is interesting because a correlation between these two organs would lead to a greater pre- dictability and legal certainty on an international level.


In this essay I aim to identify and explain the ways four young Muslims search for knowledge of Islam by using qualitative research interviews. The questions I intend to answer are: In what ways do young Muslims search for information of Islam? In what arenas do they search for information? And, why does their search for knowledge take these forms?In the light of works by Jonas Otterbeck and using theories put forward by Anthony Giddens and Philip Sutton, Goran Larsson and Ann Frisen I have answered the questions of the study.The results show that the three young men who are actively searching for knowledge of Islam do most of their searching on the internet. They do however consider their parents and close relatives, and the local and foreign imams to be the most reliable sources of information. Two of the young men also consider certain family friends their most important sources. What makes these sources authorities to the young people seems to be their apparent religious knowledge, experience and their religious way of life in general. Two of the young men consider connections to the Muslim world, especially Saudi Arabia, a sign of expertise among their sources.Socialization theory can partly explain why the young men search for knowledge of Islam among their close relatives and family friends. Their choices of authorities as sources may also be explained by a quest for a "true" Islam, which is a phenomenon among young Muslims born or raised in a non-Muslim country.


Homogenates of hindleg muscle were obtained from control and dystrophic male hamsters, 30 and 190 days of age, and were used to prepare the postmicrosomal pH5-supernatant fraction. The activity of this fraction in the incorporation of [14C]phenylalanyl-tRNA into peptides was increased in the dystrophic-muscle preparations. No such increase was found in brain or liver preparations from dystrophic hamsters. The increased capacity for aminoacyl-tRNA binding that was observed in preparations from dystrophic animals is discussed.


This paper aims to characterize the profile of the prospective IoT market in Indonesia. The primary data were collected in July 2018 through a comprehensive survey that sampled respondents representing the whole Indonesian population. The questionnaire was developed by extracting the 4 (four) main issues regarding which the potential users of the IoT technology may have concerns, i.e., willingness to use the IoT services, concerns related to rejection and worries about the IoT, the characteristics of the IoT hardware, and perceptions about the role of the IoT within the existing system. The results of the survey were analyzed to capture the profile of the prospective IoT market, and the strategic implications of the findings were considered. Several interesting results were found, ranging from answering the common question of what kinds of the IoT services are most anticipated to answering the delicate question of how the Indonesian people perceive the disruptive force that the IoT technology may exert. The contribution of this research is that it can be used as an initial guide or reference for regulators, the government and the IoT firms that will begin to deploy services in Indonesia.


Extensive debate surrounds the question of how regulators should respond to the externalization of risk associated with moral hazard in financial markets. The capacity of market actors to externalize risk is related to transactional complexity. Complexity, for example, augments reliance on valuation methods that can obscure risk, aggravating moral hazard. Recently, scholars and policymakers have articulated strategies for regulating transactional complexity that, this Article finds, reflect a shift from a contract law to a property law rubric for understanding financial products. This Article articulates this shift and assesses its regulatory implications. Some call for standardization of financial products. Others call for treating financial products like goods, to be regulated for public safety. But what justifies curtailing freedom of contract? While there are numerous theories of regulation, and of the relationship between law and markets, this Article contends that markets are legally constructed and that the private law doctrines that govern financial transactions present under-explored regulatory possibilities. It considers the extent to which financial products have property — distinguishable from contract — attributes, such that their regulation could fall within the justificatory ambit of property law doctrines that concern liquidity and soundness of markets. The normative implications of a property-oriented view of financial products are under-developed for want of the type of analysis that this Article begins. The problem of moral hazard could become less menacing if lawmakers were to effectively balance complexity and third-party concerns. This Article lays ground for further inquiry into how they might do so.


This is an investigation on the interaction between the subjective and objective occupational conditions in affecting the overall health of women workers in industries that have accommodated information technology. The sample consisted of 23 establishments and 630 women respondents. Results show that the most prevalent issues among workers in the electronics industry included the need to upgrade skills, repetitive and fast paced work, pressure at work, and work that entailed both physically and mentally demanding tasks. It was found that the overall good physical health of the workers was affected by these factors: overtime, mental work, close monitoring, medium industries, poor quality of work, and hazardous work (P.=0.05). Meanwhile, heavy physical workload, awkward positions, long hours of standing, tasks that produce pressure, pressure at work, limited rest breaks and low participation in benchmarking were variables found to be associated with body pains (P.=0.05). On the other hand, workers in the electronics industry with poor quality of work and exposure to hazards faced a higher risk of deafness. The same risk was also present among those that do have health and safety policies, and fair regular benefits (P.=0.05). The study has shown that work in the 21 st century in spite of being Information-Technology (IT) intensive is still beset with work and health issues. Contrary to the belief that IT is light and stimulating, assembly line workers have reported rather issues in both objective and subjective occupational conditions affecting their health.


IntroductionDamage to natural and cultural resources due to visitors' violation of protective rules is a major problem facing outdoor recreation management agencies. Such damage can have adverse psychological effects on visitors, as well as major impacts on organizational budgets (Heywood, Mullins, & Blower, 1984). One estimate of the cost of repairing and preventing resource and facility damage in outdoor recreation areas placed the total at over $500 million a year (Christensen, 1984).Various strategies have been developed to protect recreational resources from harmful behavior by visitors. These can be divided into two general approaches: direct management and indirect management (Lucas, 1982).Under a direct-management approach, visitor behavior is regulated overtly through strict enforcement of regulations and by threatening sanctions for rule violations (Namba & Dustin, 1992). Indirect management focuses on the use of information and education to promote voluntary conformance to protective rules (Gramana, Christensen, & Vander Stoep, 1992). The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of direct and indirect management strategies in promoting rule obedience in outdoor recreation contexts, and, further, to determine if a personality trait known as "social responsibility" mediates people's intentions to respond to direct and indirect approaches.Theoretical BackgroundIndirect Management and Prosocial BehaviorSeveral studies have evaluated the effectiveness of indirect management in reducing rule violations and damaging behavior in outdoor recreation settings. In a review of this research, Gramann and Vander Stoep (1987) argued that the results of these studies could be explained by prosocial behavior theory. Prosocial behavior is voluntary helping behavior carried out to benefit others without the incentive of material rewards for helping or the threat of probable punishment for not helping (Bar-Tal, 1982). Prosocial behavior often entails a sacrifice by the helper that may range from minor inconveniences to significant social, economic, and physical costs. Schwartz (1977) hypothesized that helping behavior is more likely to occur when potential helpers are made aware of the consequences of their helping (or not helping) for others, and when they feel personally responsible to help in specific situations. Schwartz referred to the first of these factors as "awareness of consequences," and to the second as "ascription of responsibility." In recreation settings, visitors routinely conform to regulations that are designed to protect people, facilities, and natural or cultural resources. However, at times visitors may feel that a compelling reason exists to disobey a protective regulation. For example, prohibitions against dumping "gray water' from recreational vehicles may be ignored if sanitary dump stations are full or are not provided. Gramann and Vander Stoep (1987) argued that when protective rules are obeyed voluntarily, despite a temptation to disobey them, a prosocial act has occurred. This is because obedience exacts a perceived cost to the conformer without the benefit of material compensation for obeying, and because in outdoor recreation settings the probability of being detected and punished for disregarding regulations is often very small (Christensen, Istvan, & Sharpe, 1992).Psychologists often distinguish between different types of prosocial actions (McGuire, 1994). Grace, Bell, & Sugar (1988) defined "spontaneous helping" as a decision to help strangers in surprise and/or emergency situations, while "asked-for" (or casual) helping entails a verbal or nonverbal request for help in a nonemergency situation. The second of these appears to correspond most closely to the types of actions that occur when people voluntarily obey protective regulations in recreation areas, even when there may be reasons to disobey.Prosocial behavior theory suggests that one key to promoting rule conformity in recreation areas is to use information and education to increase visitors' awareness of the negative consequences for resources of disobeying protective rules (Vander Stoep & Gramann, 1987). …


Metal structures in offshore facilities are usually protected from corrosion using Zn-Al coatings even though they are subjected to collective stress conditions. This paper evaluates a post-treatment called machine hammer peening and its effect on surface finish, induced residual stresses, and near-surface microstructure of thermally sprayed ZnAl4 coatings. As expected, coating roughness was reduced from about Rz = 53.5 μm in the as-sprayed condition to 10.4 μm after treatment and coating densification was revealed in the near-surface zone. Residual stresses, which were surprisingly compressive in the as-sprayed condition, were likewise affected by the peening process, reaching a maximum of 200 MPa. The influence of peening direction and other such parameters were also investigated as part of the study.


To make meaning of our experiences, our lives, and our selves may intuitively appear to be a solitary endeavor, a journey through time, memory, emotion, and the spaces that we have, do, and will inhabit in our lives. Or so a society based on rugged individualism might have us believe. This is particularly ironic because as teachers we are confronted daily by young people who need someone, often us, to assist them in navigating their feelings, confusion, emotions, and experiences. Often we do this by obtusely revealing something of ourselves, being careful, of course, to leave much safely tucked away, out of sight, forgotten, for in meeting our students we also confront ourselves. How much and in what context is that sense of need reciprocated? In our efforts to understand our subjectivities, our selves in relation to the world, we often turn to the life text of Other in the hope of deriving some meaning, some insight into thestill unfolding text in which our stories are inscribed and reinscribed. Anne Sexton's story represents one of those dissonant experiences in which we are forced to confront ourselves through exploring an often disturbingly familiar life, a life that may reveal so much about ourselves that we view the Other with disgust to repel the familiarity. A Stallybrass and White citation hauntingly rang through the psyche. "Disgust…always bears the imprint of desire" (p. 10). What is it that we find so desirous in that which we claim to find so disgusting? Anne Sexton the teacher represents for Salvio "a limit case of an exemplary teacher" which can "expose the insufficiency of viewing teaching and learning from normative standpoints" (p. 6). Yet we found Salvio's portrayal of Sexton validating in a way because we now know, we understand that are not alone. Salvio writes that Anne Sexton serves "as a foil for educators to declare themselves 'dissimilar' to her excessive, tormented pedagogy" (p. 24). She represents the ordinary Other against whom normal teachers judge themselves to be normal, the Other they need to identify themselves as normal, whatever 'normal' may be.


Objective: To assess whether 18F-florbetapir, a PET amyloid tracer, could bind vascular amyloid in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) by comparing cortical florbetapir retention during the acute phase between patients with CAA-related lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and patients with hypertension-related deep ICH. Methods: Patients with acute CAA-related lobar ICH were prospectively enrolled and compared with patients with deep ICH. 18F-florbetapir PET, brain MRI, and APOE genotype were obtained for all participants. Cortical florbetapir standard uptake value ratio (SUVr) was calculated with the whole cerebellum used as a reference. Patients with CAA and those with deep ICH were compared for mean cortical florbetapir SUVr values. Results: Fifteen patients with acute lobar ICH fulfilling the modified Boston criteria for probable CAA (mean age = 67 ± 12 years) and 18 patients with acute deep ICH (mean age = 63 ± 11 years) were enrolled. Mean global cortical florbetapir SUVr was significantly higher among patients with CAA-related ICH than among patients with deep ICH (1.27 ± 0.12 vs 1.12 ± 0.12, p = 0.001). Cortical florbetapir SUVr differentiated patients with CAA-ICH from those with deep ICH (area under the curve = 0.811; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.642–0.980) with a sensitivity of 0.733 (95% CI 0.475–0.893) and a specificity of 0.833 (95% CI 0.598–0.948). Conclusions: Cortical florbetapir uptake is increased in patients with CAA-related ICH relative to those with deep ICH. Although 18F-florbetapir PET can label vascular β-amyloid and might serve as an outcome marker in future clinical trials, its diagnostic value in acute CAA-related ICH seems limited in clinical practice.


In manufacturing-related industries, scheduling of resources and tasks play an important role in improving efficiency and productivityas well as reducing costs. Job shop scheduling problem (JSSP) concerns with the problem whereby there is only one machine that can process one type of operation. The flexible job shop scheduling problem (FJSSP) is an extension of t he job shop scheduling problem. FJSSP allows an operation to be processed by any machine out of a set of alternative machines. Thus, the objectives of this study are to analyze the production schedules and operations of the machines in FJSSP, to construct a load balancing constraint function, to formulate a Mixed Integer Goal Programming (MIGP) model to solve FJSSP with load balancing; and to propose an optimal production job shop scheduling strategies based on the solution model. The MIGP model formulated is to solve FJSSP with three objective functions, which are to minimize the makespan, the total machining time and the mean absolute deviation of the total machining time to achieve machine's load balancing. The model was solved by implementing the pre-emptive goal programming approach and using the Microsoft Excel Solver Add-Ins. The novelties of this study are the introduction of the objective function that minimizes the mean absolute deviation of the total machining time and therefore producing balanced load (total machining time) among machines used in the FJSSP. Data from benchmark problem instances for the general FJSSP with total flexibility by Kacem, Hammadi and Borne has been used in the computational experiments. Optimal solutions were found for the FJSSP involved. The results obtained proved that the proposed solution approach gives competitive results as compared to the metaheuristics approaches.


In this big data era, an enormous amount of personal and company information can be easily collected by third parties. Sharing the data with the public and allowing data users to access the data for data mining often bring many benefits to the public. However, sharing the microdata with the public usually causes the issue of data privacy. Protecting data privacy through noise-multiplied data is one of the approaches studied in the literature. This paper introduces the B-M L2014 Approach for estimating the density function of the original data based on noise-multiplied microdata. This paper shows applications of the B-M L2014 Approach and demonstrates that the statistical information of the original data can be retrieved from their noise-multiplied data reasonably while the disclosure risk is under control. The B-M L2014 Approach provides a new data mining technique for big data when data privacy is concerned.


Innovations are means of competition. A success in how an enterprise uses the innovation processes directly depends on its competitive ability and profitability level. Innovation performance is a level of using innovations. Under a competitive struggle in the market, progress in science and technology holds a specific place. Innovations define the economic success of an organization. It is not simple to have only a desire to increase the performance results, it is necessary to have a factor for organization survival, competitive ability and economic growth prospects preservation throughout the modern innovation world. The experience of the most developed countries shows that the one, whose activity is mainly based on using the innovation processes, becomes a winner in a fight for his client and the main purpose of organizations' strategic plan is to develop either a new product or services. The innovation performance of an enterprise can become one of the main factors for organizing the competitive strategic prospects of an enterprise, preserving and increasing its positions in the market. The topicality of the theme is very high, as introducing innovations in the activity of an enterprise and its competitive ability level in the market depend on the level of an organization's innovation performance. Keywords : innovation, innovation performance JEL Classifications : O14, O31, O32, O33


We present Spitzer photometric (IRAC and MIPS) and spectroscopic (IRS low resolution) observations for 314 stars in the Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems Legacy program. These data are used to investigate the properties and evolution of circumstellar dust around solar-type stars spanning ages from approximately 3 Myr–3 Gyr. We identify 46 sources that exhibit excess infrared emission above the stellar photosphere at 24 μm, and 21 sources with excesses at 70 μm. Five sources with an infrared excess have characteristics of optically thick primordial disks, while the remaining sources have properties akin to debris systems. The fraction of systems exhibiting a 24 μm excess greater than 10.2% above the photosphere is 15% for ages < 300 Myr and declines to 2.7% for older ages. The upper envelope to the 70 μm fractional luminosity appears to decline over a similar age range. The characteristic temperature of the debris inferred from the IRS spectra range between 60 and 180 K, with evidence for the presence of cooler dust to account for the strength of the 70 μm excess emission. No strong correlation is found between dust temperature and stellar age. Comparison of the observational data with disk models containing a power-law distribution of silicate grains suggests that the typical inner-disk radius is ≳ 10 AU. Although the interpretation is not unique, the lack of excess emission shortward of 16 μm and the relatively flat distribution of the 24 μm excess for ages ≲ 300 Myr is consistent with steady-state collisional models.


A young girl in a Texas town imagines that she is the movie cowboy Johnny Mack Brown. He is her ideal of perfection, someone who was a football hero and then the star of movies about a cowboy who stands up for good things. She tells her mother she is Johnny Mack Brown and denies her mother's suggestion that it's only pretend. She wears a scarf like the ones Johnny Mack Brown wore in movies. Assigned at school to write about a "rainy day," she tells about leaving a wet ball outside and coming inside to play with her brother's train. Later, she becomes an associate in a large New York law firm, discovers the importance of gender conformity in a "corporate" setting, and realizes that our small towns indulge us more than we know. In long nights working with other associates and legal assistants to produce corporate documents, she imagines herself wearing a scarf and working with a generous spirit with her colleagues. Her vision of Johnny Mack Brown redeems her work and yields inner riches, while complicating her life as an associate in a New York law firm.


Semantics of programming languages and interactive environments for the development of proofs and programs are two important aspects of Gilles Kahn's scientific contributions. In his paper "The semantics of a simple language for parallel programming" [11], he proposed an interpretation of (deterministic) parallel programs (now called Kahn networks) as stream transformers based on the theory of complete partial orders (cpos). A restriction of this language to synchronous programs is the basis of the data-flow Lustre language which is used for the development of critical embedded systems [14, 10]. We present a formalization of this seminal paper in the Coq proof assistant [4, 15]. For that purpose, we developed a general library for cpos. Our cpos are defined with an explicit function computing the least upper bound (lub) of an increasing sequence of elements. This is different from what Kahn developed for the standard Coq library where only the existence of lubs (for arbitrary directed sets) is required, giving no way to explicitly compute a fixpoint. We define a cpo structure for the type of possibly infinite streams. It is then possible to define formally what is a Kahn network and what is its semantics, achieving the goal of having the concept closed under composition and recursion. The library is illustrated with an example taken from the original paper as well as the Sieve of Eratosthenes, an example of a dynamic network.


OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the relationship between chronic renal failure (CFR) defined through HUGE (hematocrit, urea and gender) formula score and the patient's cardiovascular risk measured through cardiovascular disease antecedents such as ischemic cardiopathy, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral arterial disease.

DESIGN AND METHODS
The sample consisted of 2,831 subjects. Mean age was 51.2±14.7 years and 53.5% were female. Serum creatinine, urea, hematocrit and 24h proteinuria were analyzed. HUGE score was calculated from gender, urea and hematocrit. GFR was estimated from uncalibrated serum creatinine using the abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation (MDRD-4). UAE was measured in first morning urine sample.

RESULTS
Using HUGE formula 2.2% (n = 61) of subjects had CRF. Of them, 12 (19.7%) had cardiovascular disease history. Among patients without CRF (n = 2770), 194 subjects had history of previous cardiovascular diseases (0.07%; p < 0.001 Square Chi test). Using the MDRD-4 formula 4.0% of subjects (n = 113) had a GFR < 60 ml/min. Of them, 18 (15.9%) had cardiovascular disease history. Among patients without CRF (n = 2718), 188 subjects had history of previous cardiovascular diseases (0.07%; p < 0.001 Square Chi test). Odd's ratio for cardiovascular diseases using HUGE definition of CRF was 3.25 (p = 0.001, Mantel-Haenszel test). CFR was associated to higher pulse pressure (PP) and increased urinary albumin excretion.

CONCLUSIONS
A significant cardiovascular risk was associated to the diagnosis of CRF through HUGE formula. This relation was closer than the obtained using MDRD estimated GFR in spite of a bigger sample. HUGE formula seems to be a useful tool for diagnosing CRF and evaluate the cardiovascular risk of these patients.


Diamond-Like carbon (DLC) films were prepared under different bias voltage by direct current magnetic filter cathode vacuum arc deposition (DC-MFCVAD). Bias voltages changed from 0 to -200 V. The study intends to investigate the effect on the properties of DLC films for biomedical applications. X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) was used to investigate composition of the films. Nano-scratch tests were used to characterize effects of bias voltage to adhesion. Furthermore, the wettability of the DLC films was investigated by contact angle measurements using four common liquids. Finally, platelet adhesion experiments were done to evaluate the interaction of blood with DLC films. The results showed that the adhesion, wettability and hemo-compatibility of DLC films were affected by bias voltage.


The research topic selection was a result of  novel trends knowledge of textile printing design , and the nature of daily life, which has become dependent on the photography because of the rapid change of life ,events change around us and the desire to document them, so  technological progress helped in this in all tools and its ease of use. Textile printing designer have  to be in line with this changes and participation in it is not only the adoption of the Ancient  arts, where the emergence of new plastic arts must be known to create a common language between his art and the generation that receives his work then there wouldn't  a gap between them, and there are new sources of inspiration.
 This research focuses on the identification of aesthetic components in the composition of photographs and attempts to formulate them in a new way to suit their functional purpose. Accordingly, the research problem can formulate many questions that we can address by what are the general features of the photography daily life activities in modern photography? What is the use of the philosophy of daily compositions and activities in photographs in the textile printing design? The extent to which technology, photography techniques can be used? Does this field require further research and study of the scarcity of Arab and foreign research and studies? So The research aims to study and analyze models of daily life activities, photography, and preparing innovative designs suitable for Printing Textiles Hangings based on the aesthetic values resulting from the artistic study.
 Research Methodology: Study used analytical , and experimental approach.  analytic method.  . Results and Discussions: benefit from aesthetic values found in  photography work, which carries the meanings of sophistication and simplicity expressions of, and take advantage of the developments and modern technology in photography in created designs. Photography has gained momentum thanks to the attempts to expand the scope of artistic expression and has become a recognized means of artistic production in this age. It has also become an important  tool with designer and a powerful tool for the development of new designs for Printing Textiles Hangings. These are some proposed designs that show the researcher benefited from artistic construction In the photograph.


With a single antenna, it is rather difficult to discern an authentic GPS signal from a spoofing signal merely based on the time-domain waveforms especially when the two signals are off only slightly in time, frequency, and phase. The root-cause of vulnerability of all conventional GPS receivers to power-dominant creep-in spoofing attacks is their "myopic" architecture, which has only three correlators and cannot "see" far beyond ±1.5 chips until too late. When the spoofing signal is on top of the authentic signal, their summation moves the code and carrier error discriminators in a way similar to multipath except that one is location-dependent (multipath) while the other is persistent (spoofing). The fact is that the presence of a spoofing signal cannot eradicate the existence of an authentic signal even though it may overpower the latter. If a spoofing signal always aligns itself to the authentic signal, no harm is done. When a spoofing signal captures a receiver and starts to pull away, two correlation peaks will emerge in the time-frequency domain, one belonging to the spoofing signal and the other to the authentic signal. This fact has been used in the past for spoofing detection. In this paper, we go one step further to develop an all signal acquisition processing (ASAP) scheme that not only mitigates the effect of spoofing but also estimates the spoofing signal for spoofing intent analysis. This paper first details a spoofing simulator implementation that enables high-fidelity software-based injection of spoofing signals into live-sky GPS RF signal data. The ASAP scheme is then described, which provides a range protection level better than 1 chip (300 m) with the conventional correlator architecture. Similarly, the signals can also be separated at the output of 20 ms correlations if off in frequency by 25 Hz. Higher range protection level and tighter spectral separation are possible for a modified architecture. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the functionality and performance of spoofing detection, estimation, and mitigation.


Aliphatic alcohols inhibit the activity of bacterial agmatinase (E. C. 22.214.171.124). A correlation is demonstrated between the inhibition constant and the length of alcohol carbohydrate radical, and the presence of polar groups has decreased the inhibitory effect. The importance of hydrophobic interactions in the formation of agmatinase-substrate and agmatinase-inhibitor complexes is suggested. The increment of free binding energy within the homologous alcohol row is practically constant (0.5-0.7 kcal/mole). Comparison of deltaF amines and their respective alcohols makes possible to evaluate the contribution of electrostatic interaction in the formation of the enzyme-inhibitor complex. A correlation is observed between solubility of alcohols and their inhibitory effect.


This study analyses an Adaptive Trajectory Control (ATC) system in case of a sudden change in μ-max (maximum tyreroad friction coefficient) during an emergency lane change manoeuvre in order to maintain the driving safety. Autonomous front wheel steering (FWS) systems have been developed for emergency steering situations. The trajectory design is also a part of these systems. Moreover, in this study ATC has been designed by sensing μ-max to complete the emergency steering manoeuvre successfully. Therefore, the originality of this paper arises from the necessity of a trajectory change in case of a sudden change in μ-max to minimize the distance between the desired and the actual path. Suitable cases were designed by using a two-track model in IPG/CarMaker (MATLAB/Simulink). Results show that ATC could be used during an emergency steering manoeuvre in case of a sudden decrease in μ-max as it can be advantageous in certain critical traffic situations. Therefore, ATC could be used as an alternative system instead of Electronic Stability Program.


The purposes of this research are to learn the construction of Pancasila as an applied paradigm in suggesting policies of fair economy for developing saving habits of students in Bina Nusantara University Jakarta. The economy of Indonesia has expected high growth in accordance with Pancasila, which is the value of Indonesian's ideology such as religious values, culture, and norms that have been well-respected. This study used a qualitative descriptive method through interviews with ten millennial generation students. Data analysis techniques are using 'contents analysis' methods to explore and build meanings from the taken research data. Pancasila is the basic compass of the breath of economic movement. The values of Pancasila encourage to every citizen of the right to freedom of savings. The lifestyle of saving is one of the initial factors for economic growth in a society because it has social benefits. The family is the first place where the younger generation is formed. The results revealed that the role of parents, especially fathers, really took a role in financial character education in the family. Schools must also provide financial education to parents and students.