In the continued pursuit of providing a means of attaining wellbeing for all members of the campus community, collegiate recreation professional organizations encourage practitioners in the field to recognize the inequities influencing underrepresentation and make conscious, strategic actions towards alleviation of constraints. Students with marginalized identities—such as trans-identities—can experience barriers and constraints that complicate and sometimes entirely prevent them from participation in collegiate recreation programs and services (CRS). Research consistently demonstrates that students who participate in CRS experience a multitude of benefits (Artinger, et al., 2006; Belch et al., 2001; Forrester, 2015; Haines, 2001; Lower, Turner, & Petersen, 2013). However, limited and barred participation in CRS inhibits students' ability to attain the benefits of involvement. Studies reliably identify constraining and barring factors that complicate and block transgender students from experiencing positive benefits of their campus-life experience at the same level as their non-marginalized, cisgender counterparts. These factors include genderism, discrimination, and harassment (Beemyn, 2008; Beemyn et al., 2005; Blumenfeld and Youth, 2005; Carter, 2000; Daly et al., 2015; Rankin, 2004). Research specific to transgender students' unique collegiate recreation experience is severely lacking (Daly et al., 2015; Patchett and Foster, 2015). This disparity means that practitioners in the field are making programming and policy decisions that lack data-driven or theory illustrative sources of foundational information on which to best promote benefit attainment. The purpose of this study was to explore the intersection of three factors: benefits of CRS involvement, constraints and barriers to participation in CRS, and transgender identities. In seeking to explore this intersection, this study utilized nine participants who identify as transgender (n=9). Participants took part in a one-hour, open-ended, semi-structured interview. The resulting transcripts underwent a two-part, cyclical analysis to identify and explore common themes and phenomenological essence. The results of this intersection's exploration addressed a gap in literature regarding trans-inclusivity and collegiate recreation; these results may aid NIRSA: Leaders in Collegiate Recreation and collegiate recreation practitioners in better understanding an underserved population in CRS. INDEX WORDS: Transgender, Collegiate Recreation, Gender Identity, Inclusion BENEFITS AND CONSTRAINTS OF PARTICIPATION IN COLLEGIATE RECREATION PROGRAMS AND SERVICES FOR TRANS-IDENTIFYING STUDNETS by JENNIFER A. PECORARO


RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVE
This study aims to assess the use of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) among health professionals and factors related to their uptake in clinical practice.

METHODS
Cross-sectional study based on an online survey conducted among primary care (PC) and hospital-based care (HC) doctors in Spain in 2011. Questionnaire development included adaptation of similar surveys and contextualization through a qualitative study. After a pilot study and review, the final survey contained five domains: demographics, involvement in CPGs, consultation of CPGs, perceptions and attitudes regarding CPGs and Spanish NHS CPGs Programme. Professionals from selected health care centres in seven regions were contacted by email with an invitation and link to the Web-based questionnaire. We analysed between-group differences and explored potential predictors of CPGs use by means of a logistic regression.

RESULTS
Six hundred seventy-six doctors responded to the survey (27.7% response rate). 47.1% were PC and 49.5% were HC doctors. 32.5% stated previous involvement in CPGs and 56.5% stated training in research methodology. 67.5% of the surveyed professionals reported using CPGs more than one time per week. The use of a system for classifying the quality of evidence (62.3%) and for grading the strength of the recommendations (58.6%), as well as the use of a rigorous methodology (49.6%), were the most frequently reported aspects related to CPG credibility. The lack of time (56.4%), especially in PC (65.3% versus 49.5% in HC; P < 0.001), and the absence of brief and easily accessible format (42.2%) were the main reported barriers to using CPGs. None of the studied factors showed statistically significant association in the logistic regression model.

CONCLUSIONS
Study results suggest that, in general, Spanish doctors trust and use CPGs frequently. To improve uptake by health professionals and to overcome existing barriers, CPGs should be rigorously developed and made accessible at the point-of-care in user-friendly electronic formats. Due to the low response rate, findings should be extrapolated with caution.


The composition dependence of yield strength and elongation of the Mg-Zn-Y ternary alloy system were investigated. Yield strength was found to increase with the increasing Zn and Y contents, while elongation decreased in Zn- and Y- rich- regions in the system. The composition ratio of Zn to Y, both of which shows large elongation and comparatively high yield strength, was 1:1 in the Mg-rich region of the alloy system. Mg98Zn1Y1, Mg96Zn2Y2, and Mg94Zn3Y3 (at.%) cast alloys exhibited yield strength of 107, 129, and 173 MPa, and elongations of 17, 8, and 12 %, respectively. These alloys consist of Mg-, LPO-, and Mg3Zn3Y2- phases. We also prepared Mg-Zn-Y alloy sheets by hot rolling using cast alloys, and we investigated their microstructure and mechanical properties. The Mg98Zn1Y1, Mg96Zn2Y2, and Mg94Zn3Y3, alloy sheets exhibited yield strength of 276, 319, and 379 MPa, and elongations of 12, 11, and 8 %, respectively. After annealing at 673 K for 3 h, large elongations above 20 % were achieved both of the Mg98Zn1Y1 and Mg96Zn2Y2 alloy sheets.


The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Extraction Procedure (EP) is designed to simulate the leaching action of rain and groundwater in the acidic environment present in mixed landfills or open dumps. The objective of the present project is to compare concentrations of selected constituents obtained in the extraction testing with the concentrations of the same materials in leachate obtained from a large-scale industrial/municipal waste co-disposal test, that simulates conditions in an actual landfill. The EPA Extraction Procedure was run on specimens of three industrial wastes: a sludge from an electroplating operation, a chlorine production sludge, and a glass etching (calcium fluoride) sludge. These same sludges were also tested by adding approximately one metric ton (dry weight) of industrial wastes to two metric tons (dry weight) of municipal wastes and leaching the combined wastes. Both extractant and leachate were analyzed for arsenic, cadmium, total chromium, copper, mercury, nickel, lead, selenium, and zinc. There was a remarkable lack of correspondence between the concentrations appearing in the extractants and in the leachates. In most cases, the concentrations observed in the leachates were higher than the concentrations observed in the extractant. However, for some metals where redox and the availability of sulfide ion strongly affect oxidation states and solubility, the concentrations in the aerobic extractant were much higher than in the anaerobic leachate. If the goal of extraction testing is to simulate the effects of a landfill environment on a hazardous waste, additional test development may be required. Present test procedures did not always accurately predict the loss of constituents measured in this study.


IMPORTANCE
Sense of agency is associated with a sense of responsibility, which is essential to performing goal-directed occupations.

OBJECTIVE
To reach consensus on a set of extrinsic feedback statements that have the potential to create a sense of responsibility among patients with neurological disorders in the course of performing daily or social occupations.

DESIGN
Anonymous Delphi study with two rounds with international experts and one round with Irani patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).

SETTING
Electronic survey.

PARTICIPANTS
One hundred experts and 73 patients with idiopathic PD.

OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Experts and patients anonymously rated (5 = strongly agree/very effective, 4 = agree/effective, 3 = neither agree nor disagree/uncertain, 2 = disagree/ineffective, 1 = strongly disagree/very ineffective) their level of agreement with each survey statement and the effectiveness of each statement in creating a sense of responsibility in the course of performing daily or social occupations. Consensus was set as an interquartile range of ≤1 and ≥70% agreement in two adjacent categories of a Likert scale.

RESULTS
In the experts' first round, consensus was reached on the level of agreement and effectiveness of 18 statements. In the second round, final consensus was achieved on all statements. In the one patient round, patients reached consensus on all statements. Finally, 34 statements were rated as 4 or 5 in terms of agreement and effectiveness, based on the opinions of experts and patients.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
This study has produced a collection of feedback statements that might be useful in occupation-based interventions. What This Article Adds: Extrinsic responsibility feedback delivered while administering occupation-based interventions may increase volition, motivation, and engagement.


Modeling nonstationary processes is of paramount importance to many scientific disciplines including environmental science, ecology, and finance, among others. Consequently, flexible methodology that provides accurate estimation across a wide range of processes is a subject of ongoing interest. We propose a novel approach to model-based time–frequency estimation using time-varying autoregressive models. In this context, we take a fully Bayesian approach and allow both the autoregressive coefficients and innovation variance to vary over time. Importantly, our estimation method uses the lattice filter and is cast within the partial autocorrelation domain. The marginal posterior distributions are of standard form and, as a convenient by-product of our estimation method, our approach avoids undesirable matrix inversions. As such, estimation is extremely computationally efficient and stable. To illustrate the effectiveness of our approach, we conduct a comprehensive simulation study that compares our method with other competing methods and find that, in most cases, our approach performs superior in terms of average squared error between the estimated and true time-varying spectral density. Lastly, we demonstrate our methodology through three modeling applications; namely, insect communication signals, environmental data (wind components), and macroeconomic data (US gross domestic product (GDP) and consumption).


Purpose: X-ray computed tomography angiography (CTA) is the modality of choice to noninvasively monitor and diagnose heart disease with coronary artery health and stenosis detection being of particular interest. Reliable, clinically relevant coronary artery imaging mandates high spatiotemporal resolution. However, advances in intrinsic scanner spatial resolution (CT scanners are available which combine nearly 900 detector columns with focal spot oversampling) can be tempered by motion blurring, particularly in patients with unstable heartbeats. As a result, recently numerous methods have been devised to improve coronary CTA imaging. Solutions involving hardware, multisector algorithms, or β-blockers are limited by cost, oversimplifying assumptions about cardiac motion, and populations showing contraindications to drugs, respectively. This work introduces an inexpensive algorithmic solution that retrospectively improves the temporal resolution of coronary CTA without significantly affecting spatial resolution. Methods: Given the goal of ruling out coronary stenosis, the method focuses on "deblurring" the coronary arteries. The approach makes no assumptions about cardiac motion, can be used on exams acquired at high heart rates (even over 75 beats/min), and draws on a fast and accurate threedimensional (3D) nonrigid bidirectional labeled point matching approach to estimate the trajectories of the coronary arteries during image acquisition. Motion compensation is achieved by employing a 3D warping of a series of partial reconstructions based on the estimated motion fields. Each of these partial reconstructions is created from data acquired over a short time interval. For brevity, the algorithm "Subphasic Warp and Add" (SWA) reconstruction. Results: The performance of the new motion estimation–compensation approach was evaluated by a systematic observer study conducted using nine human cardiac CTA exams acquired over a range of average heart rates between 68 and 86 beats/min. Algorithm performance was based-lined against exams reconstructed using standard filtered-backprojection (FBP). The study was performed by three experienced reviewers using the American Heart Association's 15-segment model. All vessel segments were evaluated to quantify their viability to allow a clinical diagnosis before and after motion estimation–compensation using SWA. To the best of the authors' knowledge this is the first such observer study to show that an image processing-based software approach can improve the clinical diagnostic value of CTA for coronary artery evaluation. Conclusions: Results from the observer study show that the SWA method described here can dramatically reduce coronary artery motion and preserve real pathology, without affecting spatial resolution. In particular, the method successfully mitigated motion artifacts in 75% of all initially nondiagnostic coronary artery segments, and in over 45% of the cases this improvement was enough to make a previously nondiagnostic vessel segment clinically diagnostic. © 2012 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4725712]


Making silicon shine bright Silicon is the workhorse of the semiconductor electronics industry, but its lack of optical functionality is a barrier to developing a truly integrated silicon-based optoelectronics platform. Although there are several ways of exploiting nonlinear light-matter interactions to coax silicon into optical functionality, the effects tend to be weak. Otterstrom et al. used a suspended silicon waveguide racetrack structure to stimulate the stronger nonlinear effect of Brillouin scattering and achieve lasing from silicon. The ability to engineer the nonlinearity and tune the optical response through the design of the suspended cavity provides a powerful and flexible route for developing silicon-based optoelectronic circuits and devices. Science, this issue p. 1113 Brillouin scattering is exploited to develop a silicon laser. Brillouin laser oscillators offer powerful and flexible dynamics as the basis for mode-locked lasers, microwave oscillators, and optical gyroscopes in a variety of optical systems. However, Brillouin interactions are markedly weak in conventional silicon photonic waveguides, stifling progress toward silicon-based Brillouin lasers. The recent advent of hybrid photonic-phononic waveguides has revealed Brillouin interactions to be one of the strongest and most tailorable nonlinearities in silicon. In this study, we have harnessed these engineered nonlinearities to demonstrate Brillouin lasing in silicon. Moreover, we show that this silicon-based Brillouin laser enters a regime of dynamics in which optical self-oscillation produces phonon linewidth narrowing. Our results provide a platform to develop a range of applications for monolithic integration within silicon photonic circuits.


Background The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the BRAF V600E gene mutation and the RET/PTC gene rearrangement in the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in 50 patients from Inner Mongolia. Material/Methods Clinical data, blood, and tissue samples were obtained from 50 patients with PTC and ten patients with benign thyroid adenoma. Expression of BRAF V600E, RET/PTC, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)1, CXCL2, C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)2, and CCL3 were measured using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Of the 50 patients with PTC, 37 patients expressed the BRAF V600E gene mutation, eight patients expressed RET/PTC, and five patients showed concomitant BRAF V600E and RET/PTC. Time to recurrence for patients with PTC with BRAF V600E was significantly increased compared with patients with concomitant BRAF V600E mutation and RET/PTC rearrangement (P<0.05). Expression of BRAF V600E, RET/PTC, and concomitant expression of BRAF V600E and RET/PTC were significantly associated with patient age and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Serum levels of NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β and CCL3, and tumor tissue levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, CXCL2 and CCL2 in patients with PTC were significantly increased compared with patients with benign thyroid adenoma, before and after surgery (P<0.05). Conclusions Expression of the BRAF V600E mutation and RET/PTC translocation promoted the activity of NF-κB, expression of inflammatory mediators, and lymph node metastases in patients with PTC.


A periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) optical parametric oscillator using a simple grazing-incidence grating cavity configuration (GIOPO) for broad and fast wavelength tuning has been developed for the mid-infrared region. The GIOPO is capable of producing /spl sim/100 mW of infrared power with a bandwidth of 0.2 cm/sup -1/ at 3000 nm. Since pressure-broadened linewidths are in the range of a few tenths of a wavenumber, the GIOPO output bandwidth is suitable for exciting single well-separated rotational lines of many gases under typical atmospheric conditions. We have used the highly sensitive technique of photoacoustic detection coupled with this compact all solid-state GIOPO developed in our laboratory to achieve ppb level detection and analysis of gaseous molecules. Result shows a photoacoustic spectrum taken with 1 ppmV of C/sub 2/H/sub 4/ in comparison with a FTIR spectrum. The PA spectrum has a resolution of 0.2 cm/sup -1/, clearly distinguishing the rotational structure of the molecule. A plot of the PA signal as a function of C/sub 2/H/sub 4/ gas concentration is also obtained. A linear relationship between the C/sub 2/H/sub 4/ concentration and the PA signal is established over at least two decades of gas concentration. A minimum sensitivity of 10 parts in 109 by volume (10 ppbV) C/sub 2/H/sub 4/ in nitrogen was obtained in the direct measurement. The current limit on the detection sensitivity is determined by the background, noise and the accuracy is mainly determined by calibration errors involved in the gas mixing procedure. In order to improve on the sensitivity, a multipass cell arrangement is being designed.


We study the non-equilibrium dynamics of domain walls in real time for φ 4 and Sine Gordon models in 1 + 1 dimensions in the dilute regime. The equation of motion for the collective coordinate is obtained by integrating out the meson excitations around the domain wall to one-loop order. The real-time non-equilibrium relaxation is studied analytically and numerically to this order. The constant friction coefficient vanishes but there is dynamical friction and relaxation caused by off-shell non-Markovian effects. The validity of a Markovian description is studied in detail. The proper Langevin equation is obtained to this order, the noise is Gaussian and additive but colored. We analyze the classical and hard thermal loop contributions to the self-energy and noise kernels and show that at temperatures larger than the meson mass the hard contributions are negligible and the finite temperature contribution to the dynamics is governed by the classical soft modes of the meson bath. The long time relaxational dynamics is completely dominated by classical Landau damping resulting in that the corresponding time scales are not set by the temperature but by the meson mass. The noise correlation function and the dissipative kernel obey a generalized form of the Fluctuation-Dissipation relation.


Lithologic and isotopic changes of one stalagmite (224 mm in length) from Heilong Cave, Central China, are investigated here in order to explore multiple proxies of monsoon climate. High uranium concentrations (6–10 ppm) ensure Th-230 dates precisely and resultant chronology ranges from ~790 to 1780 AD across the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) to Little Ice Age (LIA). Annually resolved oxygen and carbon isotopic data, gray level and elemental Sr are highly related to macroscopic lithologic changes. A lamination sequence is composed of alternations of white-porous and dark-compact calcite clearly discerned on the polished surface. The dark-compact laminae have low values of gray level, high Sr and δ 13 C values, indicating periods of low growth rate under dry climate conditions, and vice versa for the white-porous laminae. This suggests that changes in hydrology, matter input of drip water and crystallization process were controlled by cave environments and climates. The alternation of dry and wet periods with a significant periodicity of ~90 yr, as indicated by spectral analyses of the multiple proxies, is further supported by a reconstructed precipitation index from historical documents and instrumental data extending back to 1470 AD. A strong coherence between monsoon proxy of calcite δ 18 O and the other proxies was observed during the LIA but not during the MWP. This is likely due to changes in atmospheric circulation pattern at the boundary of MWP/LIA. When the Intertropical Convergence Zone shifted southward during the LIA, summer monsoon precipitation at the cave site was probably dominated by the Mei-Yu, resulting in water vapor mainly originated from adjacent oceanic sources.


The reactivity of the bis(pentalene)dititanium double-sandwich compound Ti2Pn † 2 (1) (Pn † = 1,4{SiPr3}2C8H4) with CO2 is investigated in detail using spectroscopic, X-ray crystallographic, and computational studies. When the CO2 reaction is performed at −78 °C, the 1:1 adduct 4 is formed, and low-temperature spectroscopic measurements are consistent with a CO2 molecule bound symmetrically to the two Ti centers in a μ:η,η binding mode, a structure also indicated by theory. Upon warming to room temperature the coordinated CO2 is quantitatively reduced over a period of minutes to give the bis(oxo)-bridged dimer 2 and the dicarbonyl complex 3. In situ NMR studies indicated that this decomposition proceeds in a stepwise process via monooxo (5) and monocarbonyl (7) doublesandwich complexes, which have been independently synthesized and structurally characterized. 5 is thermally unstable with respect to a μ-O dimer in which the Ti−Ti bond has been cleaved and one pentalene ligand binds in an η fashion to each of the formally Ti centers. The molecular structure of 7 shows a "side-on" bound carbonyl ligand. Bonding of the double-sandwich species Ti2Pn2 (Pn = C8H6) to other fragments has been investigated by density functional theory calculations and fragment analysis, providing insight into the CO2 reaction pathway consistent with the experimentally observed intermediates. A key step in the proposed mechanism is disproportionation of a mono(oxo) di-Ti species to yield di-Ti and di-Ti products. 1 forms a structurally characterized, thermally stable CS2 adduct 8 that shows symmetrical binding to the Ti2 unit and supports the formulation of 4. The reaction of 1 with COS forms a thermally unstable complex 9 that undergoes scission to give mono(μ-S) mono(CO) species 10. Ph3PS is an effective sulfur transfer agent for 1, enabling the synthesis of mono(μ-S) complex 11 with a double-sandwich structure and bis(μ-S) dimer 12 in which the Ti−Ti bond has been cleaved.


Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive disorder, which is characterized by severe mental retardation, microcephaly and seizures. The symptoms of this disease can be prevented if detected soon after birth. Therefore, blood Phenylalanine (Phe) measurement is essential for the early diagnosis, treatment and dietary monitoring of PKU patients. The goal of this research was to introduce a rapid, precise and effective enzymatic colorimetric method using the recombinant Bacillus badius phenylalanine dehydrogenase (PheDH; EC 18.104.22.168) for the quantitative determination of Phe in dry-blood spots. This test was based on the enzymatic reaction of PheDH coupled with an artificial electron acceptor system composed of phenazine methosulfate (PMS) and iodonitro tetrazolium chloride (INT). This assay system contained PMS to transfer the electrons of NADH to INT, enabling the formation of formazan with an absorbance at 490 nm. Calibration curve was plotted and the experimental data were fitted by linear regression analyze. The regression equation and correlation coefficient (R 2 ) were Y= 0.0109x + 0.032 and R 2 =0.996, respectively. This method showed a recovery in the range of 95.1%-102.6% and had the limit detection of 0.5 mg/dl for Phe. The between run coefficients of variation (CVs) mean was between 3.8% and 9.1%. The within-run CVs was between 8.5% and 18.6%. Furthermore, no interferences from other amino acids and Phe derivatives were observed. Altogether, we here presented a quick and reliable enzymatic colorimetric assay for application in newborn screening and monitoring of PKU patients.


Vitrification may alter the cytoskeleton (microtubule, meiotic spindle, microfilament, etc.) and the subsequent fertilization rate of in vitro derived bovine oocytes. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of vitrification and post-thawing incubation periods on the cytoskeleton and fertilization rate of in vitro matured (IVM) bovine oocytes. Following 22 h of IVM, 184 fresh matured oocytes (MO) were immediately fertilized in vitro and served as a control. The remaining MO (1009) were then vitrified by the solid surface vitrification method. Immediately after thawing, MO were incubated in maturation medium in 5% CO2 at 39 °C for 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min respectively. Following incubation, half of the MO from each vitrifiedthawed treatment group (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min) was stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated (FITC) and propidium iodide (PI) to evaluate the microtubule and DNA or spindle under laser-scanning confocal microscopy. The remaining half from the vitrified-thawed MO treatment groups was washed three times in Brackett and Oliphant's fertilization medium and in vitro fertilized. Cleavage and blastocyst rates were recorded 48 h post-fertilization. Results demonstrated that vitrification damaged MO zona pellucida (ZP), microtubule (MT), meiotic spindle (MS), and caused chromosomal fragmentation. Both the cleavage (84%) and blastocyst rates (50%) of the control group were significantly higher compared to the vitrifiedthawed treatment groups. However, extending the incubation period of vitrified MO to 120 min after thawing (prior to fertilization) improved cleavage (65%) and blastocyst (13%) rates 48 h post-fertilization. Fertilizing vitrified MO immediately (0 min group) after thawing resulted in the lowest cleavage (42%) and blastocyst (1.9%) rates. In conclusion, vitrification reduces the subsequent fertilization rate of MO, however, a prolonged post-thawing incubation period (120 min) improves survival, cleavage and blastocyst formation rates, and enhances the reorganization of MO's cytoskeleton (MT and MS).


The purpose of this study is to investigate object relational and interpersonal functioning among self-injuring and non-injuring college students. It was hypothesized that self-injury would be associated with more pathological object relational functioning as measured by the Mutuality of Autonomy (MOA) and Social Cognition and Object Relation Scale (SCORS). Additionally, it was hypothesized that self-injurers would evidence significantly more global interpersonal distress on the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-32 (IIP-32), as well as show elevations in four of the subscales of the IIP-32; self-sacrifice, non-assertiveness, over-accommodation, and interpersonal neediness. Lastly, a number of publications suggest that childhood abuse is a significant risk factor for later developing self-injurious behaviors. This study hypothesized that object relational functioning as measured by the SCORS and MOA would account for additional variance in self-injury even after abuse is taken into account. A survey of 413 college undergraduates indicated that approximately 18.6% of the sample had self-injured at least once, and rates of self-injury were not significantly different across gender. All 77 of the individuals with a history of self-injury and 77 randomly selected individuals with no history of self-injury were re-contacted and invited to participate in further research. In total, 44 self-injuring and 34 non-injuring individuals took part in the second phase of research. Each of the 78 participants completed the IIP-32, SCORS and the MOA. Findings indicate that individuals with a history of self-injury evidenced significantly more pathological scores on the MOA than individuals with no such history. Results only partially supported the hypothesis that self-injury would be related to significantly more iv pathological scores on the SCORS, with only one subscale of the SCORS being significantly related to self-injury. Participants with a history of self-injury also endorsed more interpersonal distress on the IIP-32 than did non-injuring participants. In addition, self-injurers were more likely to endorse a pattern of interpersonal functioning characterized by self-sacrifice, interpersonal neediness, non-assertiveness and overaccommodation than were individuals with no history of self-injury. Results of a hierarchical regression did not support the final hypothesis.


Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is presented as a dissociative identity clinical picture, accompanied by emotional disturbances such as depression, anxiety and apathy that lead to quality of life deterioration. Likewise, PTSD affects cognitive domains such as information processing (attention), evocation, consolidation and storage (memory), inability of individuals to plan, organize and direct their immediate behavior (executive functions), visual spatial, visual constructive and sensorial integration skills alterations have also been found. It was found that the prefrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus, limbic system, amygdala often have volumetric decrease in each of their structures, generating clinical symptoms of posttraumatic alexithymia, where the subject is unable to adequately respond to environmental stimuli, has problems in working memory, episodic memory and flash backs states that only accentuate behavioral problems presented in subjects with a diagnosis of PTSD. It is important that new lines of research focus on functional aspects of Neurorehabilitation, with the aim of improving the quality of life for the subjects, and thus preventing PTSD from becoming a mental health problem. At the end of the review there is an integrative proposal that aims to improve social, individual and familiar aspects of people with PTSD.


In a refreshingly clear and comprehensive decision issued towards the end of its 2004 Term, the Supreme Court explained in Lingle v. Chevron (2005) that the Takings Clause requires compensation only for the effects of a regulation on an individual's property rights. Under the substantive due process doctrine, by contrast, courts engage in a deferential inquiry into both a regulation's validity and the means by which the regulation attempts to meet the government's objective. Lingle's explanation appeared to cast doubt on the doctrinal foundation and reach of Nollan v. California Coastal Commission (1987) and Dolan v. City of Tigard (1994), two regulatory takings decisions that reviewed "exactions," regulatory conditions placed on proposals to develop land. These decisions required courts to apply the heightened scrutiny of their "nexus" and "proportionality" tests to review not only the challenged condition's effects but also its validity and means. In a somewhat oblique final section of Lingle that could be dismissed as non-binding dicta, the Court characterized its exactions jurisprudence as a limited effort to protect owners from extortionate exactions that single out individual property owners and confiscate their land and right to exclude the public. Lingle explained that the Court's rigorous tests for exactions, and their focus on regulatory means, apply only when an exaction's effects constitute a clear taking of property. Lingle's description of its exactions decisions left important matters open for debate - matters that this Article attempts to resolve. Lingle's narrow characterization of its exactions decisions is not dicta because Lingle aimed to provide a comprehensive, unifying explication of the entirety of the Court's takings jurisprudence; and even if dicta, Lingle repeats similar statements in recent decisions about the limited nature of Nollan and Dolan and therefore makes plain what the Court assumes it has already settled. Furthermore, when read as Lingle requires, Nollan and Dolan fit within the broader approach to the Takings Clause that the Court articulated in Lingle and its other Takings Clause decisions from the same term, San Remo Hotel v. City and County of San Francisco (2005) and Kelo v. City of New London (2005). A narrow understanding of Nollan and Dolan is thoroughly consistent with the Court's effort to establish an institutionalist approach to the Takings Clause that defers to the properly derived decisions of competent, settled institutions. Nollan and Dolan can be read narrowly because judicial enforcement of the federal constitution is merely one institutional check among a web of public and private institutions that constrain local regulatory discretion. The powerful constitutional protection that "nexus" and "proportionality" provide may be limited, but in their shadow public actors in state courts and legislatures and in local governments, as well as voters, property owners, developers, and homebuyers offer a more complex, responsive, and locally sensitive web of legal, political, and market controls than the broad, formal rules established in Nollan and Dolan.


Plasma concentrations of prolactin and testosterone were measured weekly, from November 1976 to December 1977, respectively in 29 and 10 Ouled-Djellal rams penned in the Algeria area. Plasma prolactin and testosterone levels exhibited concomitant seasonal variations: they were low in November-December, then they increased from January to maximal values in summer through two steps, the first in February-March, the second in June-July. Taken all around, the hormones changes paralleled those of photoperiod. The synchronism in annual variations of prolactin and testosterone secretory patterns is a feature of the Ouled-Djellal ram. Results are discussed in relation to effects of prolactin on testicular activity.


[1] The late Eocene through earliest Oligocene (40–32 Ma) spans a major transition from greenhouse to icehouse climate, with net cooling and expansion of Antarctic glaciation shortly after the Eocene/Oligocene (E/O) boundary. We investigated the response of the oceanic biosphere to these changes by reconstructing barite and CaCO3 accumulation rates in sediments from the equatorial and North Pacific Ocean. These data allow us to evaluate temporal and geographical variability in export production and CaCO3 preservation. Barite accumulation rates were on average higher in the warmer late Eocene than in the colder early Oligocene, but cool periods within the Eocene were characterized by peaks in both barite and CaCO3 accumulation in the equatorial region. We infer that climatic changes not only affected deep ocean ventilation and chemistry, but also had profound effects on surface water characteristics influencing export productivity. The ratio of CaCO3 to barite accumulation rates, representing the ratio of particulate inorganic C accumulation to Corg export, increased dramatically at the E/O boundary. This suggests that long-term drawdown of atmospheric CO2 due to organic carbon deposition to the seafloor decreased, potentially offsetting decreasing pCO2 levels and associated cooling. The relatively larger increase in CaCO3 accumulation compared to export production at the E/O suggests that the permanent deepening of the calcite compensation depth (CCD) at that time stems primarily from changes in deep water chemistry and not from increased carbonate production.


Purpose We investigated balanoposthitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes following sexual intercourse to reveal an efficient diagnosis and treatment. Materials and Methods: Five male patients complaining of genital inflammation after sexual intercourse were diagnosed as balanoposthitis arising from Streptococcus pyogenes infection between 2008 and 2012. The clinical characteristics were retrospectively reviewed. Results Three cases presented with marked pyoedema of the glans and foreskin mimicking gonococcal or chlamydial urethritis. The remaining two cases presented with papules, scabs and erosions without discharge, which were similar to candidiasis or genital herpes. All cases were diagnosed as balanoposthitis arising from Streptococcus pyogenes infection, which was confirmed by cultures of genital area. Two of them underwent biochemical testing of rapid antigen detection (StatCheck Strep A IITM, Kainos Ltd., Japan) with bacterial culture examination, and identified as streptococcal balanoposthitis at the initial visit. Three cases were successfully treated with penicillin. Antibiotic susceptibility revealed that all cases were fluoroquinolone intermediate resistant patterns Conclusion Streptococcal balanoposthitis has rarely been reported, and has not been recognised as a sexually transmitted infection. Because of common appearances and symptoms, it may have a higher prevalence than previously considered. These cases could be divided into two categories in terms of clinical characteristics,"discharge dominant type" and "eruption dominant type". Rapid antigen detection of Streptococcus pyogenes should be attempted to use as first diagnostic tool for male genital inflammation for proper antibacterial therapy.


We contribute a systematic review of online visualizations of the Bitcoin blockchain. Bitcoin is currently the most active cryptocurrency with the largest market share among other cryptocurrencies. It has attracted a large user base and more and more businesses are beginning to accept Bitcoin as payment. While there are still relatively few visualization research papers on Bitcoin, a growing number of online tools visualize data about the Bitcoin blockchain. We provide a first systematic assessment of these online tools to inform future research efforts on making the Bitcoin blockchain more accessible.


Abstract
 This chapter includes information on: authentic identification; geographical distribution; risk of introduction; host ranges; symptoms; biology and ecology; planting material liable to carry the nematode; chance of establishment; likely impact; phytosanitary measures; and a detailed account of diagnosis procedures, such as sampling, isolation/detection and identification with morphological and molecular characterization, of invasive plant-parasitic Meloidogyne species.


Iran's controversial presidential election of 2009 produced a profound crisis of authority for the regime in Tehran. This book examines the political context in which the election was held and analyzes the claims of electoral fraud. It describes the consequences of the election and the resulting crisis for the country's political system. Ali Ansari also points out the wider implications of the election for Iran's relations with the outside world and for the question of its nuclear goals. Contents 1. Introduction 2. The 2009 Presidential Election: The Background 3. The 2009 Presidential Election Campaign 4. Groundhog Day: From the Sublime to the Ridiculous 5. Fallout 6. Longer-Term Consequences and Policy Implications 7. Conclusion Praise for Crisis of Authority ""Ali Ansari is rightly acclaimed as one of the most astute observers of modern Iranian society and politics. His combination of historical erudition and political savvy about the labyrinthine structure of power in Iran make his observations on the June 2009 contested election a must-read for anyone interested in the fate of that beleaguered nation and that pivotal event."" -Abbas Milani, Hamid and Christina Moghadam Director of Iranian Studies, Stanford University ""With a precise analytical scalpel, Ali Ansari cuts through the official myths of Iran's controversial 2009 presidential election. This indispensable guide gets to the heart of the most serious political crisis faced by the Islamic Republic, and puts the vote and its violent aftermath into critical historical context. Revolutionary Iran will never be the same, and Ansari -for many years among the most sophisticated observers of Iranian politics -tells us why.'"" -Scott Peterson, author of Let the Swords Encircle Me: Iran -A Journey Behind the Headlines


The presence of marine strata in the Itoshiro Subgroup of the Tetori Group has attracted much attention recently. The marine deposits within the Kuwajima Formation of the Itoshiro Subgroup in the Setono area, Hakusan City of Ishikawa Prefecture, was recognized based on the sedimentary facies analysis and the occurrence of ichnofossils of limuloids (Matsuoka et al., 2009). A tuff bed overlying limuloid ichnofossils indicated an U-Pb age of 130±0.8 Ma (Kusuhashi, 2008). Thus, the marine Kuwajima Formation in the Setono area is one of a few horizons where their stratigraphy, sedimentary environments, and numerical age have been recognized. We conducted the sedimentary facies analysis in this area, and extracted radiolarians and sponge spicules from 2 marine horizons. Radiolarians show drop-like outlines, which are common in the Jurassic and Cretaceous intervals, under an optic microscope. Sponge spicules are mainly composed of diactinal megascleres with blunt to rounded ends. This is the first record of marine microfossils of the middle Early Cretaceous age from the Tetori Group, suggesting the future contribution of radiolarian biostratigraphy and/or paleoenvironmental reconstruction using these fossils to the Itoshiro Subgroup. Other marine to brackish water megafossils from this area are also examined: a shell accumulation of Myrene (Mesocorbicula) tetoriensis with a small amount of Ostreidae gen. et sp. indet. in the studied sequence, and a belemnite fossil in sandstone float boulder, which probably suggests the presence of another marine horizon in this area.


Star flowers are flowers that differ from normal Vitis flowers in that the calyptra breaks open from the top like the flowers of most other species plants. This is the first report of the occurrence of star flowers in Turkey. Star flowers were observed in Cardinal (Vitis vinifera L.). The structural features are compared to normal flowers. A genetic analysis using RAPD-PCR was performed to determine if there was a genetic difference between the vines nearing two flower types. There were some minor morphological differences, but RAPD analysis did not show any genetic dissimilarities. Inflorescences appeared more compact on star flowered vines due to shorter pedicels in flowers. Fruit set was also extremely low. This formation is reported in different regions of the world on different cultivars. This might be more common that previously thought. It warrants further research.


This paper addresses new questions around media performance as a result of the rise of centralized content portals such as iTunes or MySpace. We first describe the rise of centralized content portals in different media industries, and discuss how these portals are creating a dominant position for themselves by using lock-in strategies. Then we describe the concept of media market performance, and discuss two important media performance concepts: access and diversity. Using scenario analysis, this paper describes three learning scenarios that outline the effects of different configurations of centralized content portals on behavior of publishers, users and advertisers, and through that content on access to and diversity of content.


The 'microcausality' condition in quantum field theory is typically resented and justified on the basis of general principles of physical causality. I explore in detail a number of alternative causal interpretations of this condition. I conclude that none is fully satisfactory, independent of further and controversial assumptions about the object and scope of quantum field theories. In particular the stronger causal readings require a fully reductionist and fundamentalist attitude to quantum field theory. I argue, in a deflationary spirit, for a reading of the 'microcausality' condition as mere boundary condition, inspired by Relativity, that different possible formulations of quantum field theory must obey


Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical material were very variable in their sensitivity to the bactericidal action of normal serum mediated by the complement system. Fifty per cent killing end points ranged from 0.015 ml to greater than 0.4 ml. Most of the strains with relatively greater sensitivity to serum were isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis. Immunization of rabbits resulted in antisera with enhanced levels of bactericidal antibody, except with one strain which was resistant to the bactericidal action of normal serum and antiserum. When P. aeruginosa was cultivated at 41 C instead of at 37 C, it was significantly more sensitive to serum and to several antibiotics, thereby implicating fever as a host defense mechanism in Pseudomonas infections. In contrast to their heterogeneity to serum bactericidal activity, the strains were relatively homogeneous in their sensitivity to polymyxin, with no apparent association between their sensitivity to the two antimicrobial agents.


The following article from Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, "Epidemiological evaluation of intraoperative antibiosis as a protective agent against endophthalmitis after cataract surgery" by F. Krummenauer, S. Kurz and H.B. Dick, published online on July 11 2006 inWiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor and Publisher. The retraction has been agreed due to a significant overlap between the content of this article and another entitled "Epidemiological and health economical evaluation of intraoperative antibiosis as a protective agent against endophthalmitis after cataract surgery", by F. Krummenauer, S. Kurz and H.B. Dick previously published in the European Journal of Medical Research Volume 10, Issue 2, Pages 71–75, 2005.


Deciphering mysteries of the structure-function relationship in cortical folding has emerged as the cynosure of recent research on brain. Understanding the mechanism of convolution patterns can provide useful insight into the normal and pathological brain function. However, despite decades of speculation and endeavors the underlying mechanism of the brain folding process remains poorly understood. This paper focuses on the three-dimensional morphological patterns of a developing brain under different tissue specification assumptions via theoretical analyses, computational modeling, and experiment verifications. The living human brain is modeled with a soft structure having outer cortex and inner core to investigate the brain development. Analytical interpretations of differential growth of the brain model provide preliminary insight into the critical growth ratio for instability and crease formation of the developing brain followed by computational modeling as a way to offer clues for brain's postbuckling morphology. Especially, tissue geometry, growth ratio, and material properties of the cortex are explored as the most determinant parameters to control the morphogenesis of a growing brain model. As indicated in results, compressive residual stresses caused by the sufficient growth trigger instability and the brain forms highly convoluted patterns wherein its gyrification degree is specified with the cortex thickness. Morphological patterns of the developing brain predicted from the computational modeling are consistent with our neuroimaging observations, thereby clarifying, in part, the reason of some classical malformation in a developing brain.


Haematological malignancies are heterogeneous groups of cancers of the bone marrow, blood or lymph nodes, and while therapeutic advances have greatly improved the lifespan and quality of life of those afflicted, many of these cancers remain incurable. The iron-dependent, lipid oxidation-mediated form of cell death, ferroptosis, has emerged as a promising pathway to induce cancer cell death, particularly in those malignancies that are resistant to traditional apoptosis-inducing therapies. Although promising findings have been published in several solid and haematological malignancies, the major drawbacks of ferroptosis-inducing therapies are efficient drug delivery and toxicities to healthy tissue. The development of tumour-targeting and precision medicines, particularly when combined with nanotechnologies, holds potential as a way in which to overcome these obstacles and progress ferroptosis-inducing therapies into the clinic. Here, we review the current state-of-play of ferroptosis in haematological malignancies as well as encouraging discoveries in the field of ferroptosis nanotechnologies. While the research into ferroptosis nanotechnologies in haematological malignancies is limited, its pre-clinical success in solid tumours suggests this is a very feasible therapeutic approach to treat blood cancers such as multiple myeloma, lymphoma and leukaemia.


In this work, simulation techniques have been implemented to study the sound fields of a multi-configurable performance enclosure by creating computer acoustic 3D-models for each room configuration. The digital models have been tuned by means of an iterative fitting procedure that uses the reverberation times measured on site for unoccupied conditions with the orchestra shell on the stage. The initial virtual acoustic model is validated by comparing the other monaural and binaural acoustic parameters measured in the room in terms of their perception differential threshold. The procedure is applied to The Maestranza Theatre of Seville, built for the Universal Exhibition in 1992. The spatial distribution of the acoustic parameters in the audience area of the venue by measured parameters and simulation mappings enables the establishment of three zones of acoustic comfort, which are corroborated by the values of the Ando-Beranek function which provide a global quality coefficient of each zone.


The purpose of this paper is to enhance understanding of how the models of national culture have been used in Information Systems research. Using the top 10 ranking journals, as defined by the Association of Information Systems, we review and categorise 60 papers published over the past 15 years. The essential criterion for selection was that they applied different models of national culture. The findings show that the number of national culture models used in IS research has increased over the years and most of these studies were conducted using a survey. As expected, Hofstede's dimensions of national culture have been used widely in IS research. It has also been found that models of national culture have been used for various purposes, namely management information systems, communication, knowledge management, project management, IT infrastructure, quality management systems, risk management, leadership, supply chain management and technology acceptance model. We note that in this era of globalisation the increased use of national culture to frame IS research is necessary to understand why IS initiatives may be successful in one country but not realised in another.


For many higher-frequency (500-2000MHz) near–surface ground-penetrating radar applications the magnetic properties of the subsurface are considered unimportant or negligible. However, if significant amounts of magnetically lossy minerals are present, such as magnetite, hematite, maghemite and/or iron in its free state, the influence of these individual components on the GPR signal attenuation or propagation velocity cannot be ignored. In an attempt to obtain an element of quantitative control on the attenuation/propagation characteristics of such materials, the results of a dielectric spectroscopy investigation into mixtures of quartz and micro-to-nano scale magnetite is presented where the relative attenuation enhancement (in decibels per metre – dB/m) and velocity retardation (in percent velocity difference) is given for a range of volume percent, 'generic' magnetite/quartz mixtures. The results indicate that even small amounts of magnetite can produce significant degrees of loss and velocity reduction and at the higher frequencies associated with near-surface GPR, any observed dispersion behaviour will be predominantly controlled by the magnetic loss characteristics rather than frequency-dependent variations in propagation velocity.


AIM
Zygomycosis is a severe angioinvasive infection caused by Zygomycetes. We retrospectively investigated 16 cases of zygomycosis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The data of patients, who had been followed between 2004 and 2010 in 8 tertiary-care teaching hospitals, were reviewed. Demographic characteristics, underlying diseases, and clinical signs and symptoms of the patients, as well as diagnostic methods, data obtained by radiological imaging methods, and the therapies, were recorded. Therapeutic approaches, antifungal agents and duration of use, and the characteristics of the cases were identified.

RESULTS
The study included 11 female and 5 male subjects. The most common symptoms and clinical signs were fever (n = 9) and retro- orbital pain (n = 7). Rhinocerebral zygomycosis was the most common form. The mean time elapsed for diagnosis was 14.26 + 13.96 (range: 2-52) days. Antifungal therapy was given to 15 patients (94%). In addition to antifungal therapy, 12 patients underwent surgical intervention 1 to 4 times. The mean duration of receiving antifungal therapy was 61.4 + 58.02 (range: 1-180) days. The median duration of treatment was 62.5 (range: 42-180) days in survivors.

CONCLUSION
Zygomycosis is an infectious disease with high mortality despite antifungal therapy and surgical interventions.


Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of ginger on chemotherapy-induced nausea and/or vomiting. Design: The study was carried out on cancer patients receiving chemotherapeutic agents in the haematology clinic of a training hospital between March 01, 2011 and July 29, 2011. Subjects: The study group was composed of intervention (n=15) and control (n=30) patients. Approval from the ethics committee, informed consent from the patients and permission from the hospital management were obtained. Intervention: Control patients received antiemetic drugs for ethical reasons and intervention patients received ginger tablets (800 mg). Outcome Measure: Data were collected using the Identification Form for Descriptive Characteristics, which was prepared by the researchers. SPSS 15.0 was used for data assessment. Results: Statistical analysis revealed no differences in the characteristics of the intervention and control groups (p>0.05). A significant difference was found between the groups receiving ginger and antiemetics, suggesting that ginger is effective for treatment of nausea and vomiting (p<0.05). Conclusion: Results of the present study suggest that ginger is effective for reducing chemotherapy-induced nausea and/or vomiting and they should be confirmed in future studies that include more patients with a haematological cancer.


In this paper we investigate image classification with computational resource limits at test time. Two such settings are: 1. anytime classification, where the network's prediction for a test example is progressively updated, facilitating the output of a prediction at any time; and 2. budgeted batch classification, where a fixed amount of computation is available to classify a set of examples that can be spent unevenly across "easier" and "harder" inputs. In contrast to most prior work, such as the popular Viola and Jones algorithm, our approach is based on convolutional neural networks. We train multiple classifiers with varying resource demands, which we adaptively apply during test time. To maximally re-use computation between the classifiers, we incorporate them as early-exits into a single deep convolutional neural network and inter-connect them with dense connectivity. To facilitate high quality classification early on, we use a two-dimensional multi-scale network architecture that maintains coarse and fine level features all-throughout the network. Experiments on three image-classification tasks demonstrate that our framework substantially improves the existing state-of-the-art in both settings.


The present study aimed to determine the level of mindfulness for both bilingual and monolingual students, and to examine the significant differences in the level of mindfulness, attributed to the variables of language, sex, and the interaction between them. To achieve the aim of the study, two schools were selected randomly, one from bilingual schools, and the other one from monolingual schools of Jerusalem area. The sample consisted of (80) male and female students, (40) were students from the twelfth grade of bilingual schools, half male, and half female. And (40) students from the twelfth grade from single-language schools; half male and half female. To achieve aim of the study, the descriptive approach was used, and the five faces of Mindfulness Scale (Baer et al., 2006) was applied, after translating and verifying it's validity and reliability. Results showed that the mindfulness level of Bilingual students was "mean", and that the "Observation" dimension comes in the first rank, with "high level"; while the "Non-Judgment" came in the last rank, at a "mean" level. Results also indicated that the level of mindfulness of monolinguals was "mean" and that "observation" dimension comes first with first with "mean" level, while the "Non- Judgment" came last at a "mean" level. The study also revealed significant differences in Mindfulness due to language, in favor of bilingual students. Whereas, results, indicated no significant differences in all dimensions of Mindfulness, due to the language, except for the "Observation" and "Description" dimensions, in favor of bilinguals. Results also revealed no significant differences in all dimensions of Mindfulness, except, the "Observation'' dimension, due to sex, in favor of females. Results also showed no significant differences due to the interaction between language and sex in all dimensions of Mindfulness.


This study primarily aimed to generate basic data that is essential for the management and conservation efforts for the two economically-important fish species of Lake Lanao, Philippines. Specifically, it aimed to assess some aspects of the reproductive biology of the two species (Puntius tumba and Anabas testudineus) that are endemic and threatened, respectively. Monthly assessment was carried out to determine variations in sex ratio, gonadosomatic index (GSI), and stages of oocyte maturation as a measure to determine absolute fecundity (AF). Both species showed a female-favored population in most times of the year except in July for P. tumba and March and June for A. testudineus. The five stages of oocytes maturation were immature, maturing, mature, ripe, and spent. The peaks in GSI and estimated AF in May, August and September indicate the approximate spawning periods of P. tumba while the peaks in GSI and estimated AF in November, March and April indicate the spawning periods of A. testudineus. No significant relationships were observed between the GSI to the body and gonad lengths and between fecundity with those of the body and gonad lengths which indicate constancy of body length despite periodic variations of fecundity. In conclusion, the breeding-to-maturation periods were predicted to be in September to April for P. tumba and June to October for A. testudineus. This conservative estimate could be less predictive for P. tumba than that of A. testudineus as limited samples for P. tumba were obtained in most of the months.


Software Quality Assurance (SQA) is a resource constrained activity. Research has explored various means of sup-porting that activity. For example, to aid in resource investment decisions, defect prediction identifies modules or changes that are likely to be defective in the future. To support repair activities, fault localisation identifies areas of code that are likely to require change to address known defects. Although the identification and localisation of defects are interdependent tasks, the synergy between defect prediction and fault localisation remains largely underexplored.We hypothesise that modifying code that was suspicious in the past is riskier than modifying code that was not. To validate our hypothesis, in this paper, we employ fault localisation, which localises the root cause of a program failure. We compute the past suspiciousness score of code changes to each fault, and use those scores to (1) define new features for training defect prediction models; and (2) guide the next actions of developers for a commit labelled as fix-inducing. An empirical study of three open-source projects confirms our hypothesis. The new suspiciousness features improve F1 score and balanced accuracy of Just-In-Time (JIT) defect prediction models by 4.2% to 92.2% and by 1.2% to 3.7%, respectively. When guiding developer actions, past code suspiciousness successfully guides developers to a defective file, inspecting two to nine fewer files on average, compared to the baselines based on previous findings on past faults. These results demonstrate the potential of synergies of fault localisation and defect prediction, and lay the groundwork for explorations of that combined space.


Of 3,200 cultures of Escherichia coli isolated from streams in Pennsylvania over a 7-year period, 82.46% or 2,639 were O serogrouped. The largest number of cultures (33.4%) belonged to O groups 1 to 26, and the second highest number (16.8%) belonged to O groups 60 to 88. The individual E. coli O groups most frequently isolated were ADO3, 18ac, 2a, 3, 7, 73, 139, and OX13. Practically every known standard E. coli O group was found in the streams. It was not possible to identify the K and H antigen of every E. coli isolate. Serotypes of E. coli O2a:K1:H6, O26:K60:H11, O55:K59:H27, O86:K62:H2, 112ab:K68:H2, 125ab:K70:H21, 128ab:K67:H2, and O138:K81:H14 known to be pathogenic for humans and animals were identified. Cultures having the same K antigen but a different H antigen for enteropathogenic E. coli O groups 6, 18ab, 18ac, 111ab, 126, 127a, 139, 141, and 147 were also isolated.


As network grows in complexity, types of management data become so diverse that the SNMP protocol exceeds the demands of network management. Therefore, the NETCONF protocol appears, which is a network configuration protocol, making use of XML in encoding. Under these circumstances, we have developed an open experimental platform environment for NETCONF protocol, BUPT-NEP (BUPT NETCONF Experimental Platform). In this paper, the monitoring module is focused. In order to get its hands-on experience, find out its advantage and disadvantage, give the direction to improve it, we present our design, implementation and analysis of this module based on our BUPT-NEP platform.


In Die Rifāʽīya Boris Liebrenz explores the book culture of Ottoman Syria (16th to 19th century) through a unique Damascene private library and asks about the practice of producing and transmitting knowledge, as well as the nature of the reading audience.


Epitaxial La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 thin films grown on LaAlO3 (001) substrates were irradiated with low-energy 120-keV H+2 ions over doses ranging from 1012 ions/cm2 to 1017 ions/cm2. The irradiation suppresses the intrinsic insulator—metal (I—M) transition temperature and increases the resistance by reducing the crystallographic symmetry of the films. No irradiation-induced columnar defects were observed in any of the samples. The specific film irradiated at a critical dose around 8 × 1015 ions/cm2 is in a threshold state of the electric insulator where the I—M transition is absent. In an external field of 4 T or higher, the I—M transition is restored and thus an enormous magnetoresistance is observed, while a negative temperature coefficient resumes as the temperature is reduced further. Magnetic relaxation behavior is confirmed in this and other heavily irradiated samples. The results are interpreted in terms of the displacement of oxygen atoms provoked by ion irradiation and the resulting magnetic glassy state, which can be driven into a phase coexistence of metallic ferromagnetic droplets and the insulating glass matrix in a magnetic field.


VANDELS is an ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey designed to build a sample of high-signal-to-noise ratio, medium-resolution spectra of galaxies at redshifts between 1 and 6.5. Here we present the final Public Data Release of the VANDELS Survey, comprising 2087 redshift measurements. We provide a detailed description of sample selection, observations, and data reduction procedures. The final catalogue reaches a target selection completeness of 40% at iAB = 25. The high signal-to-noise ratio of the spectra (above 7 in 80% of the spectra) and the dispersion of 2.5 Å allowed us to measure redshifts with high precision, the redshift measurement success rate reaching almost 100%. Together with the redshift catalogue and the reduced spectra, we also provide optical mid-infrared photometry and physical parameters derived through fitting the spectral energy distribution. The observed galaxy sample comprises both passive and star forming galaxies covering a stellar mass range of 8.3 < Log(M*/M⊙) < 11.7.


Color mapping, which involves assigning colors to the individual elements of an underlying data distribution, is a commonly used method for data visualization. Although color maps are used in many disciplines and for a variety of tasks, in this study we focus on its usage for visualizing luminance maps. Specifically, we ask ourselves the question of how to best visualize a luminance distribution encoded in a high-dynamic-range (HDR) image using false colors such that the resulting visualization is the most descriptive. To this end, we first propose a definition for descriptiveness. We then propose a methodology to evaluate it subjectively. Then, we propose an objective metric that correlates well with the subjective evaluation results. Using this metric, we evaluate several false coloring strategies using a large number of HDR images. Finally, we conduct a second psychophysical experiment using images representing a diverse set of scenes. Our results indicate that the luminance compression method has a significant effect and the commonly used logarithmic compression is inferior to histogram equalization. Furthermore, we find that the default color scale of the Radiance global illumination software consistently performs well when combined with histogram equalization. On the other hand, the commonly used rainbow color scale was found to be inferior. We believe that the proposed methodology is suitable for evaluating future color mapping strategies as well.


We have cloned from Neisseria gonorrhoeae MS11 the gene encoding a methylase that modifies the sequence GCCGGC. The corresponding restriction enzyme was also encoded by this clone. Sequence analysis demonstrated that the methylase shares sequence similarities with other cytosine methylases, but the sequence organization of M.NgoMI is different from that seen for other cytosine methylases. A deletion was introduced into the chromosome of N. gonorrhoeae MS11 to produce strain MUG701, a strain that is inactivated in both the methylase and the restriction genes. Although this strain no longer methylated its DNA at the NgoMI recognition sequence, cells were viable and had no other significant phenotypic changes. Transformation data indicated that MS11 does not produce enough restriction activity to block plasmid transformation in the gonococcus, even though restriction activity could be demonstrated in E. coli containing the cloned gene.


Solar radiation at ground level is a necessary input for several applications as potential solar energy assessment, agronomic or meteorological related studies. Images from meteorological geostationnary satellite, once properly processed, can provide solar radiation maps. Several solar atlases with a wide geographical coverage have been built by this process. These maps are more accurate than those made from interpolations of ground measurements. Nevertheless, their spatial resolution - about 10 km over mid-latitude in the best cases - are not sufficient for taking into account spatial variability of the irradiation due to the orographic effects in a local scale. Among these atlases, HelioClim is a GIS providing daily irradiation maps over Europe, Africa and Atlantic Ocean from 1985 up to now. It was developed from a processing on Meteosat images needing a digital terrain model (DTM) as input. HelioClim use the TerrainBase DTM, its spatial resolution is about 1 km. Irradiation maps produced by HelioClim have a spatial resolution of 10 km in our latitudes. In our work, we integrate a digital terrain model (DTM) of very high resolution (10 m) covering the Ouneine valley (Morocco) with HelioClim outputs into a GIS and we derive solar radiation maps. Spatial resolution of these maps is the same as the DTM. We built 12 maps of monthly mean of daily global irradiation for each month of a year. These monthly means have been computed from daily irradiation between 1997 and 2002. We made comparisons between these maps and ground measurements. We found a relative root mean square error (RMSE) of 7.5 % for July and 5 % for January. HelioClim using TerrainBase presents for monthly mean of daily irradiation a relative RMSE of 10 % for January and 13 % for July. Integration of HelioClim and a high resolution DTM into a GIS permits to produce accurate solar irradiation maps. Spatial variability of terrain elevation is better taken into account. Such GIS are convenient tools for mapping solar irradiation in mountainous area.


Typical datasets used for style transfer in NLP contain aligned pairs of two opposite extremes of a style. As each existing dataset is sourced from a specific domain and context, most use cases will have a sizable mismatch from the vocabulary and sentence structures of any dataset available. This reduces the performance of the style transfer, and is particularly significant for noisy, user-generated text. To solve this problem, we show a technique to derive a dataset of aligned pairs (style-agnostic vs stylistic sentences) from an unlabeled corpus by using an auxiliary dataset, allowing for in-domain training. We test the technique with the Yahoo Formality Dataset and 6 novel datasets we produced, which consist of scripts from 5 popular TV-shows (Friends, Futurama, Seinfeld, Southpark, Stargate SG-1) and the Slate Star Codex online forum. We gather 1080 human evaluations, which show that our method produces a sizable change in formality while maintaining fluency and context; and that it considerably outperforms OpenNMT's Seq2Seq model directly trained on the Yahoo Formality Dataset. Additionally, we publish the full pipeline code and our novel datasets.


Abstract Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences, which serve as DNA barcodes, have been used to associate immature and adult stages of insects and to delineate species. The partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences for South Korean Megaloptera (all known in the adult stage) were tested to identify undetermined larvae as a rapid and effective method from 31 specimens (16 adults and 15 larvae). The COI gene sequences distinguished all six known Megaloptera species, with a low genetic distance between larvae and adults (0.50±0.21%). Based on the COI gene sequences, we associated five types of larvae with known adults including the following four species of newly described larval stages: Sialis annae Vshivkova, 1979 (Megaloptera: Sialidae); Neochauliodes formosanus (Okamoto, 1910) (Megaloptera: Corydalidae); Parachauliodes asahinai Liu et al., 2008 (Megaloptera: Corydalidae); and Protohermes xanthodes Navás, 1913 (Megaloptera: Corydalidae). The known larval stage of Sialis koreana Jung and Bae, 2012 (Megaloptera: Sialidae) was confirmed, and the morphological variation in the male genitalia of Sialis longidens Klingstedt, 1932 (Megaloptera: Sialidae) is discussed. A larval key to the six South Korean species of Megaloptera is provided.


Until the recent financial crisis, it was widely believed that adding real estate investment trusts (REITs) to a mixed-asset portfolio expanded the efficient frontier and provided superior risk-adjusted returns. More recent evidence suggests that REITs may have higher volatility, Value at Risk (VaR), and expected shortfall (ES) than equities in times of increased market volatility, precisely when the stabilizing properties of REITs are most desirable. This study expands on the emerging literature with two contributions. First, it examines the impact of REITs on the VaR of a portfolio of stocks and bonds over the last two decades. Second, a new, more accurate method of estimating VaR, Conditional Autoregressive Value at Risk (CAViaR), is used. The more accurate VaR estimates show that adding REITs to the portfolio has no significant impact on VaR until after the financial crisis begins. After the financial crisis begins, adding REITs to a portfolio of stocks and bonds dramatically increases VaR. The results have significant implications for portfolio selection.


A 1.9-kb cloned fragment of chromosomal DNA randomly selected from a Helicobacter pylori cloned library was evaluated as a potential probe. The probe detected 19 of 19 H. pylori strains and yielded a specificity of 98.7% when tested against 306 other bacterial strains representing 32 different species. False-positive results with non-H. pylori strains were due to the presence of contaminating vector sequences. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed by using 20-base oligonucleotide primers homologous to a portion of the 1.9-kb fragment. The PCR assay amplified a 203-nucleotide-pair product which was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and Southern hybridization by using a third 20-base 32P-labeled oligonucleotide complementary to a region of DNA between the primers. The PCR assay was 100% sensitive, detecting all 35 H. pylori strains tested, and did not amplify sequences in several closely related species. The assay was sensitive for as little as one copy of the cloned plasmid DNA or 100 H. pylori bacterial cells. To evaluate the PCR assay for clinical samples, gastric biopsy and aspirate specimens were tested by PCR, and the results were compared with those of microbiologic culture and histologic examination. In fresh biopsy specimens, H. pylori sequences were detected by PCR in 13 of 14 (93%) positive tissues and 0 of 19 negative tissues. In gastric aspirate specimens, 11 of 13 (85%) positive tissues were positive by PCR. H. pylori DNA was detected in 1 of 14 aspirate specimens negative by culture, histology, and PCR of the accompanying biopsy tissue. PCR is a rapid, accurate, and sensitive method for the detection of H. pylori.


Introduction The Chinese Role 2 Hospital (CHN-Role 2H) Medical Treatment Facility (MTF) was founded in July 2013 as part of the Chinese commitment to Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA). It provides medical care for approximately 5200 personnel of the whole Sector East of MINUSMA including UN military personnel, UN police and UN civilian staff. The aim of this study was to determine the orthopaedic surgical activity over a 4-year period to facilitate the training of future Chinese military surgical teams. Materials and methods Surgical records of all patients operated on at the CHN-Role 2H between 28 March 2014 to 28 March 2018 were identified, and all orthopaedic activity were analysed. Results During this period, 1190 patients underwent 2024 surgical procedures. Orthopaedic procedures represented 961/2024 (47.5%) of all the procedures. Battle injury (BI) represented 43% of patients. Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) were responsible for 15.8 % casualties. Fractures (49%) and soft tissue injures (43%) were the most common injuries, with 61% of the fractures being open. Damage control surgery including debridement (23.52%) and external fixation (17.90%) were the most frequently performed interventions. Conclusion Orthopaedic surgery is the most frequently performed surgery in the CHN-Role 2H in Mali. The complexity and severity of injuries demonstrate the urgent need for tailored training and extended skill sets for deploying military orthopaedic surgeons.


The figure most commonly used as benchmark for the output of machinery before WW I is based on an estimate by the Association of German Machinery Producers (VDMA). It estimated that all German firms together had sold machines worth 2,800 million Marks in 1913. Using a recently detected detailed report, filed in the Federal Archives in Berlin-Lichterfelde, on the internal statistics of VDMA results in alternative figures for the benchmark year 1913. Besides the original figure of VDMA two different new benchmark figures are presented here, namely 2,700 m. M (VDMA modified) and 2,600 m. M (according to Rech). The two new benchmark figures for 1913, in combination with a new production index, yield two time series for German machinery output between 1909 and 1918.


Indocyanine green (ICG) is increasingly being used in digestive oncology. In colorectal cancer, ICG can be used to detect lymph node metastasis and hepatic metastasis on the surface of the liver. In peritoneal carcinomatosis, it was previously suspected that the diffusion of ICG in the tumor mass was due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect; however, this phenomenon has not been clearly demonstrated. Using bevacizumab, an antibody directed against vascular endothelial growth factor that consequently inhibits neoangiogenesis, we sought to confirm the mode of ICG diffusion. We compared the fluorescence of peritoneal carcinomatosis nodules from patients who had previously received bevacizumab during their oncologic treatment with those who did not receive this therapy. The sensitivity of the carcinomatosis nodule fluorescence was higher in the patients who did not receive bevacizumab compared with those who received the drug (76.3% and 65.0%, respectively). The rate of false-negative results was higher in the bevacizumab group than in the group that did not receive the drug (53.8% and 42.9%, respectively). Using bevacizumab, we demonstrate that the enhanced permeability and retention effect causes ICG accumulation in peritoneal carcinomatosis resulting from colorectal cancer.


How do healthcare organizations (from small Practices to large HDOs) evaluate adherence to the cybersecurity and privacy protection of Medical Internet of Things (MIoT) 3 used in clinical settings? This paper suggests an approach for such evaluation using National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) guidance. Through application of NISTIR 8228 Expectations it is possible to quantitatively assess cybersecurity and privacy protection, and determine relative compliance with recommended standards. This approach allows organizations to evaluate the level of risk a MiOT device poses to IT systems and to determine whether or not to permit its use in healthcare/IT environments. This paper reviews the current state of IoT/MiOT cybersecurity and privacy protection using historical and current industry guidance & best-practices; recommendations by federal agencies; NIST publications; and federal law. It then presents similarities and differences between IOT/MiOT devices and "traditional" (or classic) Information Technology (IT) hardware, and cites several challenges IoT/MiOT pose to cybersecurity and privacy protection. Finally, a practical approach to evaluating cybersecurity and privacy protection is offered along with enhancements for validating assessment results. In so doing it will demonstrate general compliance with both NIST guidance and HIPAA/HITECH requirements.


Objective: Hypertension is a global health concern. A better understanding of sex differences in the comorbidities of patients with arterial hypertension could yield treatments that are better tailored to the individual. The objective of the study was to investigate sex differences in the comorbidities of hospitalized hypertensive patients. Design and method: The study included 200 patients with arterial hypertension consecutively hospitalized in the Internal Medicine Clinic of a University Emergency Hospital, in 2015. We analyzed data from the hospital record database, using Analyse-IT software. Results: The distribution by sex: 122 men (61.60%) and 78 women (38.40%). Women were younger than men (mean age 62.2 ± 11.2 years versus 68.4 ± 12.3 years). The comparative distribution of comorbidities in women and men: dyslipidemia (62.5% vs 55%), left ventricle hypertrophy (54.4% vs 50.5%), diabetes (37.5% vs 21%), heart failure (34.4% vs 42.6%), obesity (34.4% vs 25%), coronary heart disease (32.8% vs 27.4%), chronic kidney disease (31.8% vs 26.1%), sleep apnea syndrome (14% vs 1%), hyperuricemia (2.3% vs 1%). We did not find a significant difference in the severity of hypertension between men and women (p = 0.49), nor in the grade of obesity, left ventricular hypertrophy, frequency of heart failure, chronic kidney disease or coronary heart disease. Instead, we have found a statistically significant higher frequency of diabetes in women (p = 0.03). Also, the frequency of sleep apnea was higher in women (p = 0.003). The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was similar in women and men (57.5% vs 56%). Conclusions: Hypertensive women in our study were younger than men. The severity of hypertension was similar in both genders. Women had a higher frequency of diabetes and sleep apnea.


The concept of resource recovery, particularly from waste has recently gained much attention and popularity. The aim of this study was to quantify the potential economic and environmental benefits of recovering nutrients and energy from faecal sludge (FS). The empirical data were collected from three unplanned settlements of Dar es Salaam City at Keko, Kipawa and Manzese. Two scenarios were developed to recover nutrients and energy. The estimations of potential amounts of compost and char briquettes were performed by using the resource value mapping (REVAMP) tool. Results from REVAMP indicated daily economic benefits across the study areas ranging between 680 and 950 USD for energy and up to 7,000 USD for nutrients recovered, based on the faecal sludge composition. In general, FS derived compost was found more profitable than FS derived briquettes. The analyzed environmental benefits include saving the estimated to 5 hectares of forest area from being cut when substituting the use of wood charcoal with FS-derived briquettes. Since the composting process resulted to be more profitable option between the two, this study recommends the adoption and scaling up. However, guidelines and standards should be developed for proper practices.
Keywords: Faecal sludge; resource recovery; resource value mapping; briquettes; compost; economic benefits; environmental benefits


The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 ("ARRA") is enormous in volume and scope, touching everything from executive compensation paid by past and future recipients of funds under the Troubled Assets Relief Program ("TARP") and nationwide broadband services development to the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act ("COBRA") Continuation Health Coverage, and the New Construction, Substantial Rehabilitation, and Loan Management Programs administered by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development ("HUD"). The ARRA has followed the trend of predecessor spending bills that have sought to pump lifeblood into the American economy during times of instability and financial crisis by force-feeding the government contracts machine. As with previous economic downturns, the federal government is looking to contractors to stave off the tide of recession. Economists note that, in the end, government spending is meant to entice other economic agents to start spending. One segment of this broad group of economic agents is private sector contractors, which include construction and engineering companies. As such, the ARRA has been described as "good news for government contractors." This article considers the ARRA's impact on contractors operating in international, federal, and state and local procurement sectors while attempting to identify the emerging trends in compliance and reporting requirements, competition requirements, domestic preference regulatory requirements, and heightened transparency and oversight requirements.


Abstract Evaluation of: Moreno-Navarrete JM, Catalȥn V, Whyte L et al. The l-a-lysophosphatidylinositol/ GPR55 system and its potential role in human obesity. Diabetes 61(2), 281–291 (2012). GPR55, first identified as an orphan G?protein-coupled receptor, was initially suggested to be the 'atypical' cannabinoid receptor but later lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) was recognized as its principal endogenous agonist. In the evaluated study,the LPI–GPR55 system in adipose tissue was examined. GPR55 is expressed in white adipose tissue and its expression is higher in visceral than in subcutaneous fat. GPR55 expression is higher in obese than in lean subjects, and in the obese group is greater in diabetic than in nondiabetic patients. In addition, plasma LPI concentration is increased in obese individuals. In vitro, LPI increases intracellular Ca2+ concentration and stimulates the expression of PPAR?g and genes involved in fatty acid synthesis. In contrast to human adipocytes, LPI has no effect on triglyceride accumulation in rodent adipocytes and adipose tissue GPR55 expression is downregulated in both leptin-deficient mice and rats made obese by a high-fat diet, indicating that the role of GPR55 in adipose tissue is species specific.


We propose a method to estimate depth from three wide-baseline camera images using belief propagation. With this method, message propagation is restricted to reduce the effects of boundary overreach, and max and min values and kurtosis of message energy distribution are used to reduce errors caused by large occlusion and texture less areas. In experiments, we focused on scenes of the traditional Japanese sport of sumo and created 3D models from three HD images using our method. We displayed them on a 3D display using the principle of integral photography (IP). We confirmed from the experimental results that our method was effective for estimating depth.


Abstract A reduction in population size due to habitat fragmentation can alter the relative roles of different evolutionary mechanisms in phenotypic trait differentiation. While deterministic (selection) and stochastic (genetic drift) mechanisms are expected to affect trait evolution, genetic drift may be more important than selection in small populations. We examined relationships between mature adult traits and ecological (abiotic and biotic) variables among 14 populations of brook trout. These naturally fragmented populations have shared ancestry but currently exhibit considerable variability in habitat characteristics and population size (49 < N c < 10,032; 3 < N b < 567). Body size, shape, and coloration differed among populations, with a tendency for more variation among small populations in both trait means and CV when compared to large populations. Phenotypic differences were more frequently and directly linked to habitat variation or operational sex ratio than to population size, suggesting that selection may overcome genetic drift at small population size. Phenotype–environment associations were also stronger in females than males, suggesting that natural selection due to abiotic conditions may act more strongly on females than males. Our results suggest that natural and sexual‐selective pressures on phenotypic traits change during the process of habitat fragmentation, and that these changes are largely contingent upon existing habitat conditions within isolated fragments. Our study provides an improved understanding of the ecological and evolutionary consequences of habitat fragmentation and lends insight into the ability of some small populations to respond to selection and environmental change.


A new simulation approach using Advanced Distinct Element Method (ADEM) was proposed to predict the compression behavior and the characteristic of the compact. Relationship between compression load and compressive strength of compact have been analyzed. The breakage behavior and discrete motion of particles during compression was simulated by ADEM. ADEM parameters represent the property of samples, it was determined to fit the experimental results of load-displacement curve obtained by single particle compression test. Internal structure of compact was measured by X-ray CT imaging, information of particle breakage and density distribution was obtained. High density compact could make as a result of high compression load, on the other hand, compressive strength of compact decrease when the compression load was much high. There was optimum condition to obtain the tough compact. Simulation analysis could visualize the compression behavior of compact, fine powder ratio suggest the optimum compression load for powder compact.


Thermoacoustic instabilities are a limitation on the operability of any combustion system, especially under lean fuel conditions. The ability to avoid or eliminate rumble, especially at an early stage of the development of a combustion system, is a useful capability. The occurrence of thermoacoustic modes can be predicted by an acoustic network of the combustion system, where the aerodynamic/flame interaction is described by a flame transfer function. In the EC funded KIAI project a series of tasks were performed to measured flame transfer functions of lean fuel injectors with the aim of predicting thermoacoustic Eigen modes in a full annular combustion rig.The linear flame transfer functions, of the injector, were measured at Cambridge University on a single intermediate pressure sector siren rig via OH* and CH* chemiluminescence and unsteady pressure measurements. These flame transfer functions were implemented in a low order acoustic network of the rig in the form of an inverse FFT method. The acoustic network uses linear perturbation theory, where the Eigen modes are solved by satisfying the acoustic boundary conditions. Alternatively, the acoustic network can be used to predict the forced pressure response of the system. Finally, the network was used to predict the frequencies, stability and spectra in a full annular combustor rig, utilising the same injector.Copyright © 2014 by Rolls-Royce plc


When the Mississippi River reaches 87.9 m (290 ft) above sea level near New Madrid, Missouri, bottomlands adjacent to the river and farmland, roads, ditches and wetlands begin to flood. Concurrently, at the lower end of the New Madrid Floodway the rising Mississippi backs up into Main Ditch (figure 1), the 454 m (1,500 ft) gap in the frontline levee designed to drain the Floodway and St. Johns Levee and Drainage District to the river (figure 2). When this occurs, the Main Ditch gates on the setback levee (figure 3) are closed to protect the St. Johns Bayou basin from Mississippi River backflow. However, with the Main Ditch gates closed, precipitation within the basin has no outlet as it drains to the Main Ditch channel. This causes tributary streams to back up and flood a substantive portion of agricultural lands and the town of East Prairie, Missouri. For example, the 19 cm (7.5 in) of rain during the first three days of May of 2011 backed up local floodwater in the St. Johns Bayou basin all the way to East Prairie. The construction of the Commerce to Birds Point to New Madrid levees (figure 2) artificially separated lands within St.…


Relict majorite, recognized petrographically and confirmed by in situ laser-ablation microprobe analyses, is reported from eclogites of the Tso Morari Complex, India, and represents the first record of relict majorite in the Himalaya. Previous studies have established that the Tso Morari Complex eclogites represent continental metamorphosed basic rocks within the sequence of paragneisses and metapelites interbedded with granitic augen gneisses. Our study provides evidence for subduction of the Indian continental crust to majorite-forming depths (∼200 km), and even more significant, its exhumation from such depth without being completely overprinted. This estimated depth is almost double the previous depth approximations and hence has important implications on the estimation of the angle of subduction and average rates of exhumation of the Indian plate in the Himalayan collisional zone.


This study aims to examine the effect of fiscal decentralization on economic growth and social welfare. Samples of the research were districts / cities by province in Indonesia except Jakarta. This research is utilizing secondary data from Central Statistics Agency within period from 2005 until 2011. Data were analyzed by applying stuctural Equation Modeling (SEM) through AMOS program. Results of the research indicate that first, fiscal decentralization has negative and significant effect on economic growth; second, economic growth has positive and significant impact on social welfare; and third, fiscal decentralization has positive and significant impact on social welfare.


With I3C cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) NMR it is demonstrated that the anhydrous forms of DL- and L-DPPC show pronounced packing differences in both the headgroup region and the hydrocarbon part of the bilayer. In DL-DPPC the acyl chains and more specifically their end groups are more closely packed than in the L modification. The anhydrous L- and DL-DPPC structures show a completely different behavior toward the addition of 1 equiv of water. DL-DPPC is far less hygroscopic and forms small domains of dihydrated and anhydrous DPPC as was concluded from the combined results of the NMR and a DSC study. The dihydrated form of DL-DPPC is arranged according to a similar structure as is observed for anhydrous L-DPPC. On the other hand, L-DPPC did not show any packing changes in the acyl chains on going from the anhydrous state to the hydrated forms. These results reveal that stereospecific interactions can be responsible for different lipid packing modes and hence in their behavior toward the uptake of water.


Most of the existing commercial Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) products are signature-based but not adaptive. In this paper, an adaptive NIDS using data mining technology is developed. Data mining approaches are used to accurately capture the actual behaviour of network traffic, and the portfolio mined is useful for differentiating 'normal' and 'attack' traffics. On the other hand, most of the current researches use only one engine for detection of various attacks; the proposed system, which is constructed by a number of agents, is totally different in both training and detecting processes. Each of the agents has its own strength in capturing a kind of network behaviour and hence the system has strength in detecting different types of attack. In addition, its ability in detecting new types of attack and its higher tolerance to fluctuations were shown. The experimental results showed that the frequent patterns mined from the audit data could be used as reliable agents, which outperformed the traditional signature-based NIDS.


An outrigger system is an effective structural scheme that is commonly used in high‐rise construction to increase the stiffness of concrete core walls and to reduce the moment demand within the walls. Despite the on‐going use of outrigger systems around the world, a formal seismic design procedure is yet available. This paper presents an equivalent energy design procedure (EEDP) to design outrigger systems for seismic applications. Three prototype outrigger‐wall buildings of various heights are designed for Vancouver, Canada. Detailed finite element models are developed to assess the seismic performance of the prototype buildings and to assess the safety using the FEMA P695 methodology. The result shows that EEDP is an efficient method to design outrigger systems which results in structures that can achieve sufficient margin of safety against collapse and satisfy multiple performance objectives at different seismic hazard levels.


We demonstrate a simple scheme to multiply the repetition rate in an actively mode-locking fiber laser by using a phase modulated optical fiber loop mirror (PMOLM). The PMOLM can convert phase modulation to amplitude modulation at double the modulation frequency. In principle, it is easy to double the repetition rate. However, the PMOLM also induces residual chirp which can disable this method in some cases. Numerical simulation shows that the best results can be obtained when the intracavity dispersion is negative and the modulation frequency is an odd harmonic of half of the cavity fundamental frequency. This agrees with the experimental results, in which an 80-GHz 1.74-ps transform limited pulse was obtained. By using rational harmonic modulation which requires detuning the modulation frequency and adjusting the modulation index, the repetition rate can be increased by three or four times.