The motion of a rigid disk-shaped particle with rounded edges, which fits closely in the space between two parallel flat plates, and which is suspended in a viscous fluid subject to an imposed pressure gradient, is analysed. This problem is relevant to the squeezing of red blood cells through narrow slot-like channels which are found in certain tissues. Mammalian red cells, although highly flexible, conserve volume and surface area as they deform. Consequently, a red cell cannot pass intact through a channel which is narrower than some minimum width. In channels that are just wide enough to permit cell passage, the cell is deformed into its 'critical' shape: a disk with rounded edges. In this paper, the fluid mechanical aspects of such motions are considered, and the particle is assumed to be rigid with the critical shape. The channel cross-section is assumed to be rectangular. The flow of the suspending fluid is described using lubrication theory. Use of lubrication theory is justified by considering the motion of a circular cylinder between parallel plates. For disk-shaped particles, approximate solutions are obtained by applying lubrication equations throughout the flow domain. In the region beyond the particle, this is equivalent to assuming a Hele-Shaw flow. More accurate solutions are obtained by including effects of boundary layers around the particle and at the sides of the channel. Pressure distributions and particle velocities are computed as functions of geometrical parameters, and it is shown that the particle may move faster or slower than the mean velocity of the surrounding fluid, depending on the channel dimensions.


We present an accurate and efficient discretization approach for the adaptive discretization of typical model equations employed in numerical weather prediction. A semi-Lagrangian approach is combined with the TR-BDF2 semi-implicit time discretization method and with a spatial discretization based on adaptive discontinuous finite elements. The resulting method has full second order accuracy in time and can employ polynomial bases of arbitrarily high degree in space, is unconditionally stable and can effectively adapt the number of degrees of freedom employed in each element, in order to balance accuracy and computational cost. The p-adaptivity approach employed does not require remeshing, therefore it is especially suitable for applications, such as numerical weather prediction, in which a large number of physical quantities are associated with a given mesh. Furthermore, although the proposed method can be implemented on arbitrary unstructured and nonconforming meshes, even its application on simple Cartesian meshes in spherical coordinates can cure effectively the pole problem by reducing the polynomial degree used in the polar elements. Numerical simulations of classical benchmarks for the shallow water and for the fully compressible Euler equations validate the method and demonstrate its capability to achieve accurate results also at large Courant numbers, with time steps up to 100 times larger than those of typical explicit discretizations of the same problems, while reducing the computational cost thanks to the adaptivity algorithm.


Till now, Three Gorges Project has been built for about 15 years. The land use/land cover changes (LUCC)and environment changes in Three Gorges Reservoir Region has always been the focus issues, which is the reason of the paper. Mastering the rule of LUCC in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, firstly, is of advantage to wake up to the potential problems in Three Gorges construction, secondly, can provide reference to the sustainable land planning and administration of reservoir region. The Remote Sensing (RS) method provides abundant and real-time information, and Geographic Information System (GIS) has powerful functions in data processing and spatial analysis. The combination of RS and GIS has inestimable advantages compared with the traditional methods, and is highly effective in monitoring dynamic changes of the land use/land cover. In the paper, the realizing steps and methods of how to monitor the land use dynamic changes by RS and GIS are provided.


The distribution of lichen species in upland regions of Aberdeenshire, Scotland, is investigated along a landuse gradient from natural forest to intensive agriculture. Quantitative data on lichen communities on saxicolous, epiphytic and terricolous substrata were collected from 16 hectares in one km2 in each landuse type. Multivariate analyses, NMDS and Cluster analysis were used to identify lichen communities associated with environmental factors including landuse, substratum type and age. The epiphytic community of native pinewoods was distinguished from all others by the highest species richness, the presence of indicators of ecological continuity and the absence of nitrophytes, while the epiphytic communities of farmland were distinguished by absence of acidophytes and a high contribution of nitrophytes. Plantations of conifers were distinguished by low species richness and an increase in tolerant species. Saxicolous communities were frequent on walls in all sites except native pinewood, where saxicolous substrata were rare. Intensively farmed sites were distinguished by an increase in percentage contribution of nitrophytes. The high acidophyte contribution in all sites suggests that crustose species of acid rocks may not respond rapidly to an increase in applied nitrogen. In landscapes where tree cover is sparse or non-existent combined assessment of habitat diversity and nitrophyte indicator species can be used to assess changes associated with agricultural intensification.


Abstract The Rhagoletis pomonella species group has for decades been a focal point for debate over the possibility of sympatric speciation via host shift. Here I present the first extensive analysis of genetic (allozyme) divergence in the pomonella group, including all known taxa/populations except the allopatric Mexican population of R. pomonella. The phylogeny is estimated for all four described species (pomonella, mendax, zephyria, and cornivora) plus two undescribed species (the "flowering dogwood fly" and "sparkleberry fly"). Allozyme data for two additional populations of uncertain status (the "plum fly" and "mayhaw fly") are presented for the first time. Two data sets were analyzed, one for 17 loci from 77 populations and one for an additional 12 loci for a subset of 12 of these populations, with more than 4000 flies analyzed in total. Interspecific Nei unbiased genetic distances were generally small, being as low as 0.040. No fixed autapomorphic alleles beyond those already known for R. cornivora and R. zephyria were revealed in the new data, but several loci displaying frequency patterns useful in discriminating the species were discovered. The phylogenetic placement of the flowering dogwood fly differed depending on whether a molecular clock was assumed (UPGMA of Nei distance) or not assumed (frequency parsimony) for tree building. Other than this, however, trees under either assumption were essentially identical. The best tree was used to test the prediction of the sympatric speciation hypothesis that sister taxa should be broadly sympatric. This prediction was not rejected, but the best tree was weakly supported by bootstrap analysis. An unexpected finding was that R. pomonella populations representing ends of its strong latitudinal clines did not cluster together. One possible explanation is that the current R. pomonella is the result of a genetic fusion of two previously isolated, genetically differentiated populations. Such a fusion prior to the origin of the other species in the group could contribute to the poor resolution of the phylogeny. Corresponding Editor: T. Markow


Hydrocarbonate-chloride-sodium mineral water has a prokinetic effect, reduces lithogenicity of bile and decreases the level of glycoproteins in biological fluids improving their rheological characteristics. Saline "rapa" baths decrease intragastric pH, stimulate pancreatic secretion, normalize mucus composition and activate protective-adaptive mechanisms of organism. Pelotherapy modulate gastric juice acidity making antigelicobacteria effect and decrease glycoproteins concentration of digestive sectets.


BACKGROUND
Among patients with chronic heart failure, angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce mortality and hospitalization, but the role of a renin inhibitor in such patients is unknown. We compared the ACE inhibitor enalapril with the renin inhibitor aliskiren (to test superiority or at least noninferiority) and with the combination of the two treatments (to test superiority) in patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction.

METHODS
After a single-blind run-in period, we assigned patients, in a double-blind fashion, to one of three groups: 2336 patients were assigned to receive enalapril at a dose of 5 or 10 mg twice daily, 2340 to receive aliskiren at a dose of 300 mg once daily, and 2340 to receive both treatments (combination therapy). The primary composite outcome was death from cardiovascular causes or hospitalization for heart failure.

RESULTS
After a median follow-up of 36.6 months, the primary outcome occurred in 770 patients (32.9%) in the combination-therapy group and in 808 (34.6%) in the enalapril group (hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85 to 1.03). The primary outcome occurred in 791 patients (33.8%) in the aliskiren group (hazard ratio vs. enalapril, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.10); the prespecified test for noninferiority was not met. There was a higher risk of hypotensive symptoms in the combination-therapy group than in the enalapril group (13.8% vs. 11.0%, P=0.005), as well as higher risks of an elevated serum creatinine level (4.1% vs. 2.7%, P=0.009) and an elevated potassium level (17.1% vs. 12.5%, P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
In patients with chronic heart failure, the addition of aliskiren to enalapril led to more adverse events without an increase in benefit. Noninferiority was not shown for aliskiren as compared with enalapril. (Funded by Novartis; ATMOSPHERE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00853658.).


BACKGROUND
Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by dystonia, parkinsonism, and iron accumulation in the brain. Many patients with this disease have mutations in the gene encoding pantothenate kinase 2 (PANK2); these patients are said to have pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration. In this study, we compared the clinical and radiographic features of patients with Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome with and without mutations in PANK2.

METHODS
One hundred twenty-three patients from 98 families with a diagnosis of Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome were classified on the basis of clinical assessment as having classic disease (characterized by early onset with rapid progression) or atypical disease (later onset with slow progression). Their genomic DNA was sequenced for PANK2 mutations.

RESULTS
All patients with classic Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome and one third of those with atypical disease had PANK2 mutations. Whereas almost all mutations in patients with atypical disease led to amino acid changes, those in patients with classic disease more often resulted in predicted protein truncation. Patients with atypical disease who had PANK2 mutations were more likely to have prominent speech-related and psychiatric symptoms than patients with classic disease or mutation-negative patients with atypical disease. In all patients with pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration, whether classic or atypical, T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed a specific pattern of hyperintensity within the hypointense medial globus pallidus. This pattern was not seen in any patients without mutations.

CONCLUSIONS
PANK2 mutations are associated with all cases of classic Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome and one third of cases of atypical disease. A specific MRI pattern distinguishes patients with PANK2 mutations. Predicted levels of pantothenate kinase 2 protein correlate with the severity of disease.


Introduction Frequency rates of severe injury including fatality as well as occupational diseases are notably higher in construction than other industries. Studies also indicate that safety performance of construction industry gets adversely affected due to various factors including inherent nature of high risk activities, deployment of large number of unskilled people, heavy machinery as well as demographic factors. India, with nearly 1.3 billion population, tremendous ethnic and linguistic diversity, high ratio of younger people, is poised for all-round growth. With focus of development of infrastructure, construction sector is the one which is going to boom and sustain the same for several years. Construction workers keep moving from one place to the other to pursue their profession. Prior to joining the trade, a miniscule of them receive some formal skill training and safety training which are essential for safe working. Consequently a large portion of them get set to pick-up the trade-skills on-the-job, which compounds the challenges to ensuring a safe working at site. Methods In this study, spanning over 24 months duration, involving more than 10 000 workers from multiple project sites, factors associated with 'risk perception', emerges as one of the most common causative contributors for various recordable injury cases.2 Results The study highlights that, misplaced risk perception by the individuals associated with the activities at various levels, have acted as the 'trigger', directly or indirectly, leading the event chain to injury outcome. Conclusion Subsequently, focused efforts are planned for mitigation, by improving risk awareness among all concerned team members, through various methods, including on-the-job, class-room training and experiential learning associated with activity related hazards and consequences. This paper describes facets of risk perception, its role in risk mitigation and demonstrate effectiveness of awareness programs as well as other initiatives in optimising risk perception for incident prevention.


Nanofluids (Nfs) are considered as an effective working media in different thermal processes. Over the years, much attention has been paid to the problem of nanoparticle stability in base fluids in an unconfined area of research, especially in the field of thermal applications. There is still concern about the stability of nanoparticles and their effects on the transport properties and thermal performance in thermal systems. In the present paper, the transport properties and thermal behavior of ethylene glycol-water/ SiO2 binary Nfs are investigated in two sections, considering the effect of particle stability and size growth. The first section covering the experimental work, which includes the preparation and characterization of the Nfs where different percentages of base fluids at different pH values are used for this purpose. The characterization of the Nfs explains the effect of the zeta potential on the particle size distribution and the hydrodynamic diameter of suspended particles. The second section involves the theoretical study, where the transport properties and thermal behavior of the Nfs are estimated taking into consideration the effect of the particle stability and size growth. It is found that the binary Nfs that contain different types of base fluids show different stability behavior at different pH values at the same particle concentration. Ethylene glycol-water/ SiO2 binary Nfs at pH = 9 contain a low hydrodynamic diameter of suspended particles, and Nfs have good stability behavior. On the other hand, the Nfs at pH = 2 contain the maximum size of the particle hydrodynamic diameter. The Nfs that include 25% water + 75% ethylene glycol show a better stability behavior in comparison with other types of Nfs that included 75% water + 25% ethylene glycol. Particle size growth shows a significant effect on the transport properties (thermal conductivity and viscosity) as well as the particle-fluid interaction Nusselt number, Biot number, and convection heat transfer coefficient.


Glomerular damage in nephrotoxic nephritis is mediated by circulating cells (neutrophils, platelets, and macrophages) infiltrating the glomerular tuft and responsible for the inflammatory reactions. It has been suggested that inflammatory cells may participate in glomerular inflammation through the synthesis and release of eicosanoids derived from the metabolism of arachidonic acid. On the other hand, old data and recent evidence indicate that eicosanoids derived from renal arachidonic acid metabolism play an important role in maintaining hemodynamics, especially in disease conditions. We wanted to evaluate the differential role of arachidonic acid metabolites derived from circulating or renal cells on the evolution of nephrotoxic nephritis. We used a nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, aspirin, which blocks eicosanoid synthesis both in circulating cells and in renal tissue, as compared with a selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, sulindac, which inhibits arachidonic acid metabolism in circulating cells, partially sparing renal cyclooxygenase. Aspirin, at a dosage that almost completely inhibits both circulating cell and renal arachidonate metabolites, worsens the morphologic expression of rabbit nephrotoxic nephritis and negatively influences the clinical course of the disease. Sulindac, at a dose that suppresses circulating platelet cyclooxygenase activity by 90%, but only partially affects renal prostaglandin synthesis, prevents extracapillary proliferation and reduces proteinuria without negative influence on glomerular hemodynamics.


Objective:To investigate the effect of sleep disturbances on functional and social outcomes after mild traumatic brain injury. Setting:Outpatient traumatic brain injury clinic in a tertiary trauma center. Participants:A total of 374 mild traumatic brain injury patients were assessed within 3 months of injury and followed up every 3 months for 1 year. Design:Analysis of a historical cohort in a naturalistic clinical setting. Main measures:At each visit, symptoms of concussion and psychological distress and indices of functional and social outcomes were measured with the Rivermead Postconcussion Questionnaire, 28-item General Health Questionnaire, and Rivermead Head Injury Follow-up Questionnaire, respectively. Changes in outcome scores over time were explored using repeated measures analysis of variance and compared between subjects with persistent (SD) and recovered (SR) sleep disturbances. Predictors of functional/social outcome were determined using linear regression. Results:The percentages of subjects reporting sleep disturbances at each time point were 71.9%, 57.2%, 55.1%, and 53.7%, respectively. For functional and social outcomes, significant effects of time (F3,315 = 9.54; P < .001), group (SD vs SR) F1,317 = 5.32; P = .022, and time X group interaction F3,315 = 4.14; P = .007 were found. Persistent sleep disturbance (P = 0.011) and higher symptom burden at 6 months postinjury (P < .0001) were independent predictors of poorer outcome. Conclusion:Sleep disturbance, independent of psychological distress, is an important prognostic factor of functional and social outcomes after mild traumatic brain injury.


In this paper we present two methods based on neural networks (NN) for resolution of nonlinear systems optimal control with arbitrary performance index. We have used the minimum time index as an example. Both methods solve the optimal problem for a region of the state space by means of a multistage optimization through a NN chain. Each NN has a fully connected feedforward multilayer structure and the training algorithm for the NN chain is the backpropagation. The chain structure is different for each method, as well as the discretization procedure: classical and block pulse function.<<ETX>>


The Timing Counter of the MEG (Mu to Electron Gamma) experiment is designed to deliver trigger information and to accurately measure the timing of the in searching for the decay . It is part of a magnetic spectrometer with the decay target in the center. It consists of two sectors upstream and downstream the target, each one with two layers: the inner one made with scintillating fibers read out by APDs for trigger and track reconstruction, the outer one consisting in scintillating bars read out by PMTs for trigger and time measurement. The design criteria, the obtained performances and the commissioning of the detector are presented herein.


On 16 January 2003, the WTO Appellate Body issued its report on United States – Continued Dumping And Subsidy Offset Act Of 2000 (WTO Doc. WT/DS217 and 234/AB/R). In this report, the Appellate Body condemned the so-called US Byrd Amendment by finding that it was inconsistent with the US obligations under the WTO Agreements on Antidumping (AD) and Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM).


In this paper, design characteristics of cross slot coupling have been explored and realized in a proposed dual-layer SIW prototype for bandwidth enhancement at 10.0 GHz. The assembled prototype consists of two SMA-microstrip input/output interface with low-loss microstrip-taper via transition and two manually stacked SIW structures electrically connected via a small cross slot coupling design. The proposed dual-layer SIW structure is designed using CST software and fabricated using conventional Printed Circuit Board (PCB) manufacturing process on Rogers 4003 C with  = 3.38 and  = 0.813 mm. The close agreement between simulated and measured results is observed within a frequency range studied of 9.2 GHz to 11.2 GHz with 19.0 % bandwidth performance. The used of cross slot coupling design in the assembled dual-layer SIW structure indicated 9.0 % bandwidth enhancement compared to the conventional multilayer design with rectangular slot coupling. The assembled dual-layer SIW structure with cross slot coupling design shows potential in several RF applications such as radar and satellite communication.


The use of crude oil as the feedstock for gasoline production has a major drawback due to depleting oil deposits. On the contrary, natural gas is available in abundance; therefore, it is considered to be a more attractive alternative source for gasoline production. Extensive research efforts have been devoted to the direct conversion of methane to higher hydrocarbons and aromatics. The transformation of methane to higher hydrocarbons and aromatics has been studied under oxidative and non-oxidative conditions. The chemical equilibrium compositions of methane oxidation to higher hydrocarbons have been calculated using the minimum total Gibbs energy approach. The results showed that the conversion of methane increased with oxygen concentration and reaction temperature, but decreased with pressure. In term of catalyst development, it was found that the W-H2SO4/HZSM-5 catalyst prepared with acidic solution showed the highest activity for the conversion of methane to gasoline in the absence and presence of oxygen. The performance of the Li modified W/HZSM-5 catalyst was improved which was attributed to the suitable amount of BrA¶nsted acid sites in the catalyst. The dual reactor system which consisted of OCM and oligomerization reactors was also investigated. The result yielded liquid fuels comprising of C5-C10 aromatics and aliphatics hydrocarbons. In another approach dual bed system was studied and it was found that Ni/H-ZSM-5 was a suitable catalyst for the conversion of methane to gasoline products. Kinetic studies on methane conversion in the presence of co-feeds ethylene and methanol to produce higher hydrocarbons in gasoline range was performed. The reaction rate increased when methane concentration in the feed mixture decreased. The correlation between experimental and calculated reaction rate indicates that the model fits the data well.


We describe the synthesis and structure–property relationships of two branched electroactive monomers containing carbazole core, 2,5-di(2-thienyl)-1H-pyrrole, differentiated by the length of side alkyl chains (DSNSC-1 and DSNSC-2). Structural identification of initial compounds and products were carried out by using FT-IR and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The electroactive materials DSNSC-1 and DSNSC-2 were directly coated on to ITO glass surface by using electrochemical polymerization process. The results clearly indicate that the length of side alkyl chain has a major impact on optical and electrochemical properties of these polymers. Poly-DSNC-2 with longer side alkyl chain exhibits a high contrast ratio (ΔT% = 68% at 850 nm), a response time of about 0.8 s, and high coloration efficiency (352 cm2 C–1) and retained its performance by 97.1% even after 5000 cycles.


In this paper two ways of generalizing compactness are studied. We may consider various types of refinements of open covers, such as countable open refinements, locally finite open refinements, etc. In another direction, countably compact spaces may be characterized as having the property that any sequence has a cluster point. Spaces which require that certain sequences have cluster points, such as ^-spaces, mJ-spaces, and g-spaces, will be referred to as generalized countably compact spaces.


Mathematical thinking is in high demand in the global market, but approximately six percent of school-age children across the globe experience math difficulties (Shalev, et al., 2000). The home math environment (HME), which includes all math-related activities, attitudes, beliefs, expectations, and utterances in the home, may be associated with children's math development. In order to examine the relation between the HME and children's math abilities, a preregistered meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the average weighted correlation coefficient (r) between the HME and children's math achievement and how potential moderators (i.e., assessment, study, and sample features) might contribute to study heterogeneity. A multilevel correlated effects model using 631 effect sizes from 64 quantitative studies comprised of 68 independent samples found a positive, statistically significant average weighted correlation of r = .13 (SE = .02, p < .001). Our combined sensitivity analyses showed that the present findings were robust, and that the sample of studies has evidential value. A number of assessment, study, and sample characteristics contributed to study heterogeneity, showing that no single feature of HME research was driving the large between-study differences found for the association between the HME and children's math achievement. These findings indicate that children's environments and interactions related to their learning are supported in the specific context of math learning. Our results also show that the HME represents a setting in which children learn about math through social interactions with their caregivers (Vygotsky, 1978), and what they learn depends on the influence of many levels of environmental input (Bronfenbrenner, 1979) and the specificity of input children receive (Bornstein, 2002). Public Significance Statement: The findings of this meta-analysis suggest that children's home math environments (e.g., parent-child math interactions) are positively associated with children's math achievement. To promote children's math skills, it may be beneficial to support parents in providing positive home math experiences for their children.


Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a physiological regulator of glucose homeostasis and energy balance. However, the role of PTP1B in pancreatic endocrine function remains largely unknown. To investigate the metabolic role of pancreatic PTP1B, we generated mice with pancreas PTP1B deletion (panc-PTP1B KO). Mice were fed regular chow or a high-fat diet, and metabolic parameters, insulin secretion and glucose tolerance were determined. On regular chow, panc-PTP1B KO and control mice exhibited comparable glucose tolerance whereas aged panc-PTP1B KO exhibited mild glucose intolerance. Furthermore, high-fat feeding promoted earlier impairment of glucose tolerance and attenuated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in panc-PTP1B KO mice. The secretory defect in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was recapitulated in primary islets ex vivo, suggesting that the effects were likely cell-autonomous. At the molecular level, PTP1B deficiency in vivo enhanced basal and glucose-stimulated tyrosyl phosphorylation of EphA5 in islets. Consistently, PTP1B overexpression in the glucose-responsive MIN6 β-cell line attenuated EphA5 tyrosyl phosphorylation, and substrate trapping identified EphA5 as a PTP1B substrate. In summary, these studies identify a novel role for PTP1B in pancreatic endocrine function.


Background: Diabetes mellitus type 2 is incurable but can be controlled by control blood sugar and improves the quality of life of diabetics. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus based on the diagnosis of doctors and the age of ≥15 years in Banten Province increased in 2013 by 1.3% while in 2018 by 2.2% (Riskesdas, 2018). The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of the CDMT2 application model on the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: The method in this study is one group of pretest posttest. Sampling techniques in this study used total sampling with a total of 384 respondents with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Banten. The instruments used were the DQOL questionnaire and the cdmt2 application model. Results: Results from quantity analysis using Simple Paired T-Test showed the influence of cdmt2 application model on the quality of life of DM sufferers (value P = 0.000) P <0.05. Cdmt2 application has a real effect on the quality of life of dm type 2 sufferers. Conclusion: The Cdmt2 application model has a noticeable effect on the quality of life of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus health promotion related to type 2 diabetes mellitus.


Objective Prior work indicates a robust relationship between coffee consumption and lower depression risk, yet no research has examined links with psychological well-being (e.g., happiness, optimism). This study tested whether coffee intake is prospectively associated with greater psychological well-being over time. Secondarily, associations in the reverse direction were also examined to determine whether initial levels of psychological well-being were related to subsequent coffee consumption. Methods Among women in the Nurses' Health Study, coffee consumption was examined in 1990 and 2002 in relation to sustained levels of happiness reported across multiple assessments from 1992–2000 (N = 44,449) and sustained levels of optimism assessed from 2004–2012 (N = 36,729). Associations were tested using generalized estimating equations with a Poisson distribution adjusted for various relevant covariates. Bidirectional relationships were evaluated in secondary analyses of baseline happiness (1992) and optimism (2004) with sustained moderate coffee consumption across multiple assessments through 2010. Results Compared to minimal coffee consumption levels (<1 cup/day), moderate consumption (1–3 cups/day) was unrelated to happiness, whereas heavy consumption (≥4 cups/day) was associated with a 3% lower likelihood of sustained happiness (relative risk, RR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.95–0.99). Only moderate coffee consumption was weakly associated with a greater likelihood of sustained optimism (RR1-3cups/day = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.00–1.06). Secondary analyses showed high levels of optimism but not happiness levels were modestly associated with increased likelihood of sustained moderate coffee intake (RRoptimism = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02–1.10; RRhappiness = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.99–1.04). Conclusions Associations between psychological well-being and coffee consumption over up to two decades were largely null or weak. Although coffee consumption may protect individuals against depression over time, it may have limited impact on facets of psychological well-being.


In 2012, the Journal of Occupational Science featured two Special Issues on Occupation, Well-being and Immigration. Given interest in the topic, we are pleased to announce a second call for papers on the same topic. The background to the Special Issue is globalization of nations' economies and trade agreements, which has opened up borders for movement of goods, services, and people. The movement of people has not been without controversies and, more than ever, immigration is attracting headlines the world over. It remains the case that the majority of migrants move from less developed to more affluent countries. While reasons for immigration are complex, with some people choosing to immigrate for better work opportunities, many others are fleeing persecution and conflict, seeking refuge and asylum in order to survive. Regardless of the reasons for immigration, moving to a country with unfamiliar cultural norms, behaviours, and expectations poses a number of threats to health and well-being. How people live their daily lives influences their health and the transition from a familiar to an unfamiliar environment potentially impacts people's means and ability to engage in meaningful occupations. This call for papers is for theoretical, research or conceptual papers that address the intersections of immigration and human occupation. Examples of relevant topics are:


In this article we analyze the different demographic patterns defining the population in the province of Alicante [Spain]. The behaviour of the demographic factors in the past and in the present is studied here and a series of models are put into practice in order to foresee the future pattern of population....The result shows either the effect of a possible ageing in an already aged population as is the case of the province of Alicante or what the job market would have to endure if the above mentioned ageing took place increased by the possibility of an inmigration of an older population. (SUMMARY IN ENG AND FRE) (EXCERPT)


Ad-hoc networks, due to their improvised nature, are frequently established in insecure environments, which makes them susceptible to attacks. These attacks are launched by participating malicious nodes against different network services. Routing protocols, which act as the binding force in these networks, are a common target of these nodes. Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) is one of the widely used routing protocols that is currently undergoing extensive research and development. AODV is based on distance vector routing, but the updates are shared not on a periodic basis but on an as per requirement basis. The control packets contain a hop-count and sequence number field that identifies the freshness of routing updates. As these fields are mutable, it creates a potential vulnerability that is frequently exploited by malicious nodes to advertise better routes. Similarly, transmission of routing updates in clear text also discloses vital information about the network topology, which is again a potential security hazard. In this paper we present a novel and pragmatic scheme for securing the ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing protocol that protects against a number of attacks carried out against mobile ad-hoc wireless networks


Fishes are social organisms and form social groups in some stage of their life cycle. Loose aggregations of fishes forming a social assembly are called shoals. Fish that join with a shoal usually gains a wide variety of benefits. In the present study, the onset of shoaling behaviour in a freshwater fish, Puntius sarana subnasutus was tested using induced breeding technique. In dichotomous choice test, 10-days-old (mean body length = 9 mm) larvae and 20, 30 and 40days-old juveniles (Mean body length 2.8, 3.1, 4.6 cm respectively) were given the opportunity to swim near shoals of ten fish or a single fish. The larvae on their completion of fin-ray development and start of scale formation to attainment of sexual maturity is said to be juveniles. When introduced into the experimental arena, the larvae as well as the juveniles demonstrated shoaling behavior, swimming near a group of fish rather than a single fish. The fish clearly exhibited an increasing preference to associate with a group corresponding to an increase in their age and the juveniles when become 40-days old, showed little preference for a single fish. The significance of developmental process in shoaling preference of fishes is discussed.


Security engineering involves systematically applying the accumulated experience and best practices, such as regulatory security requirements, to identify a repeatable solution that is cost-effective, continuously improved, and fulfills security expectations of the stakeholders. However, security principles and regulatory requirements are rarely applied systematically during system design. We outline a stepwise process to extract domain concepts and apply a lightweight formal modeling language, Alloy, for the representation of regulatory requirements as early security patterns. These patterns, as a collection of constraints describing regulatory requirements provide a template for the systematic integration and analysis of these constraints in a system context. Each pattern defines a constrained solution space that can be enforced in subsequent phases of secure system development, testing and operation.


Respiratory quinones and the ability to use fumarate as a terminal electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration were investigated in 49 bacterial strains representing a variety of conventional Flavobacterium or Cytophaga species. The organisms examined were subdivided into two categories according to their quinones. (i) Ubiquinones are used by the neotype strain of Flavobacterium aquatile and by cultures representing F. acidificum, F. capsulatum, F. devorans, F. halmephilum, and some unnamed Flavobacterium species. (ii) Menaquinones are produced by both typical Cytophaga strains and many so-called Flavobacterium or "Flavobacterium/Cytophaga" cultures. Several members of category ii exhibited low to medium reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-fumarate reductase activities when grown in unaerated complex media supplemented with fumarate. In addition, with F. meningosepticum, "group IIb" organisms, and a strain of F. odoratum, the yields of oxygen-limited growth were markedly increased by fumarate, indicating an energetic use of fumarate respiration. On the basis of these findings, restriction of the genus Flavobacterium to "low-guanine-plus-cytosine" organisms containing ubiquinones and resembling F. aquatile is proposed. The incorporation of some former "flavobacteria" into a natural group of organisms containing menaquinones and placement in the vicinity of the C. hutchinsonii guanine-plus-cytosine ratio are discussed.


Alternative splicing multiplies genomic coding capacity and regulates proteomic composition. A well-studied example of this plasticity leads to the synthesis of functionally distinct isoforms of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-2 (FGFR2). The regulation of this isoform diversity necessitates the silencing of FGFR2 exon IIIb, which is mediated by flanking intronic splicing silencers and the polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB). To visualize this splicing decision in vivo, we developed mice harboring a green fluorescent protein construct that reports on the silencing of exon IIIb. The animals also harbor a red fluorescent protein reporter of constitutive splicing as an allelic control. This dual reporter system revealed that in various organs and cell types the silencing of exon IIIb required the intronic silencers. In neurons, which do not express PTB, we observed robust silencer-dependent repression of exon IIIb, suggesting that the neural paralog, brain PTB, can take over this function. In the epidermis, however, the intronic silencers were not required for efficient silencing. This work provides a first glimpse at splicing regulation among different cell types in vivo and promises the drafting of an anatomic map of splicing decisions.


OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the functional performance of preschool children born with different degrees of prematurity and low birth weight who are follow in a care specialized service. METHODS: A cross-sectional study, which used the Pediatric Evaluation Disability Inventory- PEDI, an interview structured for caregivers that assesses children's functional abilities and independence level, in the areas of self-care, mobility and social function. The test was achieved with 98 participants divided into three groups according to the degree of prematurity and according to birth weight. It was used the chi-square test and the variance analys is to verify the association and the difference between groups according the degrees of prematurity (three) or birth weight (three) and the PEDI. In all analysis it was considered the significant level of α = 0,05. RESULTS: There was found a delay of 10,2%, 12,2% and 14,3% in the functional abilities in the areas of self-care, mobility and social function, respectively, and of 11,2%, 19,4% and 15,3% in the assistance level received from the caregivers (independence), in the same areas. It was not found statistically significant differences or associations between groups of different degrees of prematurity or birth weight and the PEDI performance. CONCLUSION: Premature and low birth weight children demonstrated high rates of delay in functional performance at preschool age that did not vary in magnitude among different degrees of prematurity and low birth weight, suggesting that exist others factors contributing to the development outcome at this age.


Drama managers guide a user through a story experience by modifying the experience in reaction to the user's actions. Search-based drama management (SBDM) casts the dramamanagement problem as a search problem: Given a set of plot points, a set of actions the drama manager can take, and an evaluation of story quality, search can be used to optimize the user's experience. SBDM was first investigated by Peter Weyhrauch in 1997, but little explored since. We return to SBDM to investigate algorithmic and authorship issues, including the extension of SBDM to different kinds of stories, especially stories with subplots and multiple endings, and issues of scalability. In this paper we report on experiments applying SBDM to an abstract story search space based on the text-based interactive fiction Anchorhead. We describe the features employed by the story evaluation function, investigate design issues in the selection of a set of drama management actions, and report results for drama managed versus unmanaged stories for a simulated random user


Littlemoor Wishes was a £12,500 Arts Council funded open-call commission to produce an art project with the Littlemoor Community in Dorset. The project emerged through discussion with road builders and local councillors, examining the ways in which local people make visual and narrative connections across the large physical division within their community, which marked the arrival of the new Relief Road.
Responding to a renascent interest in craft as it relates to socially engaged art practice the project involves craft based traditions and activist practices, which employ tactics of 'craftivism' (a term coined by Betsy Greer combining craft and activism), placing an emphasis on interaction and participation in the wider social realm.
The final outcome resulted in three beaded tie clips and laser cut neoprene tags in a small transparent clip seal bag, individually posted to each 2400 Littlemoor households. A pen was provided for collective community writings onto the tags and instructions to tie them to the temporary metal Heras fencing skirting the four mile perimeter of the Relief Road works.
The tradition of coming together to make, particularly in terms of textiles as a group endeavour (such as quilting) is co-opted within Littlemoor Wishes, building on previous projects using collective wishes and questions. Subverting the usual praxis of commercial craft kits, Littlemoor Wishes adopts the relational and social nature of crafted objects that disrupt codes of consumerism. Accessed through the constructed Heras fencing the individual voice is re-valued as a creative gesture against a shifting backdrop of road building, igniting collective ownership during a period of significant environmental change within the community. The work became a form of witnessing everyday people's concerns, and is re-staged for the format of a publication of the same name, University of Huddersfield Press [paperback ISBN 978 186218 082 6; 57 pages].


The use of millimeter wave for Defence communications can offer a number of benefits to the user. Apart from the benefit of wider capacity, millimeter wave also offers ability to provide secure and survivable communication in the presence of enemy threats. In this paper, some of the important benefits for Defence communication are reviewed. An overview of millimeter wave military communication applications, technology development, present status and trends are also given.


How do interventions by the UN Security Council and the International Criminal Court influence representations of mass violence? What images arise instead from the humanitarianism and diplomacy fields? How are these competing perspectives communicated to the public via mass media? Zooming in on the case of Darfur, Joachim J. Savelsberg analyzes more than three thousand news reports and opinion pieces and interviews leading newspaper correspondents, NGO experts, and foreign ministry officials from eight countries to show the dramatic differences in the framing of mass violence around the world and across social fields. "A pathbreaking examination of the multiple international narratives around Darfur by human rights advocates, humanitarians, journalists, and diplomats. Thorough and rigorous—an essential contribution to the scholarship." — ALEX DE WAAL, Executive Director, World Peace Foundation at the Fletcher School, Tufts University "Darfur is the modern genocide that refuses to end, and this volume gives this mass atrocity the attention it deserves. It does so in highly original ways, including an unprecedented global analysis of media coverage, activism, and advocacy." — JOHN HAGAN, John D. MacArthur Professor of Sociology and Law at Northwestern University and Co-Director of the Center on Law and Globalization at the American Bar Foundation in Chicago "Joachim Savelsberg's engagement with the critics of the human rights regime, coupled with his analysis of media representations and their national variations (and similarities), provides a perspective that is more encompassing than anything I am aware of." — DANIEL LEVY, Professor of Sociology at Stony Brook University JOACHIM J. SAVELSBERG is Professor of Sociology and Law and Arsham and Charlotte Ohanessian Chair at the University of Minnesota. He is the coauthor of American Memories: Atrocities and the Law and author of Crime and Human Rights: Criminology of Genocide and Atrocities .


Proceeding from the perspective of "innocentrism" (that is, the idea that exoneration of the "innocent" ought to be privileged over other values in the criminal justice system), I suggest eight proposals for reform: (1) researching the frequency and causes of wrongful conviction; (2) allowing waiver of rights for greater freedom to raise post-conviction innocence claims (Professor Gross's proposal in this symposium); (3) improving the implementation of existing rules on disclosing exculpatory evidence; (4) increasing resources for defense counsel and prosecutors to focus on issues relating to actual innocence; (5) abolishing the Fourth Amendment exclusionary rule; (6) replacing the Miranda regime with a system of videotaping custodial interrogation; (7) barring prisoners from filing for habeas relief without a colorable claim of actual innocence; and (8) requiring defense attorneys to directly ask their clients if they are actually innocent. These discriminating proposals offer a far greater prospect of providing help to the innocent without blocking conviction of the guilty. A common theme underlying many of them is that they reorient the focus of the criminal justice system away from procedural issues and toward substantive issues of guilt or innocence. Sadly, Bakken's proposals seem to offer too much procedure and not enough substance, a recipe for helping the guilty. The truly innocent will benefit in a system that values substance over procedure.


Hyphomicrobium X grows on methylamine as sole source of carbon, energy and nitrogen. The uptake of the compound occurred via a single inducible transport system irrespective of whether methylamine was used as a carbon and energy source or a nitrogen source only. The transport system had the following properties: temperature optimum 30 "C, pH optimum 7.0, K,,pprox. 70-100 nM, V,,, 12.5 nmol min(mg dry weight)Methylamine uptake was inhibited by azide, cyanide, N-ethylmaleimide and carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl-hydrazone. The uptake was not inhibited by ammonium ions, was slightly inhibited by amino acids and amides but was competitively inhibited by short-chain alkylamines (Ki ethylamine 200 nM). Cells grown on formate, methanol or ethanol as C-source and ammonium sulphate as N-source did not possess the transport system but this could be induced by the presence of methylamine for 4550 min. The addition of formate, methanol or ethanol to methylamine-grown cells did not affect the rate of methylamine uptake. Bacteria pre-grown on dimethylamine or trimethylamine transported methylamine into the cells at rates of 99% and 52%, respectively, when compared to rates with cells pre-grown on methylamine.


Abstract Media and digital literacy are being increasingly recognized as a fundamental competence for teachers of 21st century, but teachers' professional development is still far from coping with this emerging need. This paper aims at providing some recommendations for integrating media literacy into in-service teacher training programs. To this purpose, it will present the results of the experimentation carried out in three European training institutions within the framework of the European project e-MEL (e-Media Education Lab, 2014–17). The overall training process was monitored and evaluated ex-ante, ongoing and ex-post. This paper illustrates and discusses the main findings of the experimentation focusing on strengths and challenges for implementing a teacher training program on digital and media literacy. It concludes with some recommendations and more general reflections on future research directions.


Two recent matched cohort studies from the USA and Norway published in 2014 have raised some concerns related to the long-term safety of kidney living donation. Further studies on the long-term risks of living donation have since been published. In this position paper, Developing Education Science and Care for Renal Transplantation in European States (DESCARTES) board members critically review the literature in an effort to summarize the current knowledge concerning longterm risks of kidney living donation to help physicians for decision-making purposes and for providing information to the prospective live donors. Long-term risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) can be partially foreseen by trying to identify donors at risk of developing 'de novo' kidney diseases during life post-donation and by predicting lifetime ESRD risk. However, lifetime risk may be difficult to assess in young donors, especially in those having first-degree relatives with ESRD. The study from Norway also found an increased risk of death after living donor nephrectomy, which became visible only after >15 years of post-donation follow-up. However, these findings are likely to be largely the result of an overestimation due to the confounding effect related to a family history of renal disease. DESCARTES board members emphasize the importance of optimal risk–benefit assessment and proper information to the prospective donor, which should also include recommendations on health-promoting behaviour post-donation.


Lithium titanate, Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) is a promising candidate as lithium ion battery anode material. In this investigation, LTO was synthesized by a solid state method using TiO2 xerogel prepared by the sol-gel method and lithium carbonate (Li2CO3). Three variations of Li2CO3 content addition in mol% or Li2CO3 molar excess were fabricated, i.e., 0, 50 and 100%, labelled as sample LTO-1, LTO-2 and LTO-3, respectively. The characterizations were made using XRD, FESEM, and BET testing. These were performed to observe the effect of lithium excess addition on structure, morphology, and surface area of the resulting samples. Results showed that the crystallite size and surface area of each sample was 50.80 nm, 17.86 m2/gr for LTO-1; 53.14 nm, 22.53 m2/gr for LTO-2; and 38.09 nm, 16.80 m2/gr for LTO-3. Furthermore, lithium excess caused the formation of impure compound Li2TiO3, while a very small amount of rutile TiO2 was found in LTO-1. A near-pure crystalline Li4Ti5O12 compound was successfully synthesized using the present method with stoichiometric composition with 0% excess, indicating very little Li+ loss during the sintering process.


Background: Many online interventions designed to promote health behaviors combine multiple behavior change techniques (BCTs) and additional modes of delivery (MoD, e.g. text messages) to maximize effectiveness. Also, usability factors may influence effectiveness. This study aims to identify synergistic effects of BCTs, MoDs and usability factors. Methods: A re-analysis of data from Webb (2010) was performed. Eighty interventions ((g ) ¯ = 0.16) were included, targeting a variety of health behaviors. 26 BCTS and 11 MoDs were coded in the interventions, and a usability taxonomy was developed. Meta-CART (Classification and Regression Trees) analyses were performed using the BCTs and MoDs as predictors, and effect size as outcome. Findings: Meta-CART identified one synergistic effect: Interventions that included barrier identification/ problem solving and prompted participants to plan social support/ social change but did not provide normative information about the behavior of others had an average effect size of 0.25 (95%CI=0.08-0.42). No synergistic effects were found for MoDs, or MoDs combined with BCTs. Discussion: The present analyses provide guidance on developing effective online interventions for promoting health behavior change. Only one combination was effective, indicating most BCTs did not have synergistic effects above their univariate effect found by Webb et al.


The notochord defines the axial structure of all vertebrates during development. Notogenesis is a result of major cell reorganization in the mesoderm, the convergence and the extension of the axial cells. However, it is currently not known how these processes act together in a coordinated way during notochord formation. Analysing the tissue flow, we determined the displacement of the axial mesoderm and identified, relative to the ectoderm, an actively-migrating notochord tip cell population and a group of trailing notochordal plate cells. Molecularly, these tip cells express Protocadherin18a, a member of the cadherin superfamily. We show that Pcdh18a-mediated recycling of E-cadherin adhesion complexes transforms these tip cells into a cohesive and fast migrating cell group. In turn, these tip cells subsequently instruct the trailing mesoderm. We simulated cell migration during early mesoderm formation using a lattice-based mathematical framework, and predicted that the requirement for an anterior, local motile cell cluster could guide the intercalation of the posterior, axial cells. Indeed, grafting experiments validated the predictions and induced ectopic notochord-like rods. Our findings indicate that the tip cells influence the trailing mesodermal cell sheet by inducing the formation of the notochord.


Preparation of chromosome spreads and karyotype analysis in Blicca bjoerkna transcaucasica were carried out using 0.01% solution of colchicines and Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) (20 µg g -1 body weight). The gill and kidney tissues were collected and let to stand in a hypotonic solution of 0.075 M KCl and then treated with a fixative (Carnoy's solution) in three steps. The chromosomes spreads were then stained with 5% Giemsa solution for 20 min and examined under a light microscope. Appropriate metaphase plates were photographed in order to prepare karyotype. The size of the chromosomes (short and long arms), relative length of chromosomes and centromere index were calculated. Chromosome spreads from gill tissue cultures which were colchicine treated with PHA, had a well defined size, shape and number of chromosomes for karyotype analysis. Based on the 76 metaphase plates studied, chromosome count in 59 metaphase plates was 2n=49.74±0.25. By arranging homologous chromosomes beside each other the chromosome formula was calculated as 6 pairs of Metacentric, 10 pairs of Sub-Metacentric and 9 pairs of Sub-Telocentric (2n=6M+10+Sm+9St) and the chromosome arm number (NF) was 100. The largest chromosome in this species was a pair of metacentric chromosomes. On the basis of the number and type of chromosomes, the karyotype obtained for this species conformed to the findings of other researchers, but the chromosome formula was different, which could be attributed to the existence of different populations for this species.


The article proposes a method for predicting the stress-strain state of the vertical shaft lining in saliferous rocks at the drift landing section. The paper considers the development of geomechanical processes in the saliferous rock in the landing area, the support is viewed as a two-layer medium: the inner layer is concrete, the outer layer is compensation material. With this in view, the paper solves the problem of continuum mechanics in a spatial setting, taking into account the long-term deformation of salts and the compressibility of the compensation layer. Long-term deformation of saliferous rocks is described using the viscoplastic model of salt deformation into the numerical model, and the crushable foam model to simulate the deformation of the compensation layer. This approach considers all stages of the deformation of the compensation layer material and the development of long-term deformations of saliferous rocks, which makes it possible to increase the reliability of the forecast of the stress-strain state of the vertical shaft lining.


The growth performance, food pattern, and iron and zinc status of 80 rural Beninese school-age children were assessed in a post-harvest and in a pre-harvest season. The foods as eaten by the children were analysed chemically with special reference to iron, zinc, and phytate contents. The children show a poor growth performance and many of them can be classified as stunted (small for height). This suggests that the children suffer from a long-term marginal food intake, quantitatively and qualitatively. This is confirmed by the food intake and food analysis results which underline that the iron and zinc bioavailability is poor because of the presence of high levels of antinutritional factors as phytate. The low iron bioavailability is undoubtedly one of the causes of the high prevalence of anaemia among these children. To improve iron and zinc status of children, more attention should be given to improving bioavailability of these minerals.


INTRODUCTION
Globally an estimated 1 in 16 women per year experience an unwanted pregnancy (UWP). In the Netherlands, general practitioners (GPs) play an important role in providing care for women with UWP; however, it is unknown how many of these women consult their GP about the pregnancy. UWPs are a major life experience with a possible influence on mental health. Data that GPs register about UWPs, psychosocial problems, and contraceptive use could give more insight into care needs.

AIMS
To create an overview of (i) the prevalence of UWPs in general practice, (ii) the prevalence of psychosocial problems in women with UWP, and (iii) contraceptive use of women with UWP.

METHODS
GP registration data were analysed from 58 general practices located in Northern Netherlands between 2015 and 2019. Patient files were checked for registration of ICPC and ATC codes concerning pregnancy, psychosocial health, and contraceptive use. Chi-square and Fisher's exact test were used to calculate differences between women with a UWP and women with a wanted pregnancy (WP). An analysis of registration dates was conducted to determine when the psychosocial problems were registered in relation to the pregnancy.

RESULTS
Of female patients of reproductive age, 1.6% had a UWP and 11.8% had a WP. Women with a UWP reported statistically significantly more psychosocial problems. Furthermore, statistically significantly more contraceptive methods were prescribed to women with UWP compared with both women with WP and women without pregnancy.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
The finding that women with UWP experience more psychosocial problems can be used to improve aftercare and can be incorporated into current guidelines for GPs.


Entanglement breaking channels are quantum channels transforming entangled states to separable states. Despite a detailed discussion of their operational structure, to be found in the literature, studies on dynamical characteristics of this type of maps is yet limited. We consider one of the basic questions: for Lindblad-type dynamics, when does a given channel break entanglement? We discuss the finite-dimensional case where the quantification of entanglement via entanglement witnesses is utilized. For the general setup, we use the method of quantum speed limit to derive lower bounds on entanglement breaking times in terms of an input state, the dynamical map and the witness operator. Then, with a particular choice of the input state and the entanglement witness, the bounds for the breaking time are turned to solely reflect the characteristics of the dynamics.


Given here is a brief description of the Gottingen Wind Tunnel for the testing of aircraft models, preceded by a history of its development. Included are a number of diagrams illustrating, among other things, a sectional elevation of the wind tunnel, the pressure regulator, the entrance cone and method of supporting a model for simple drag tests, a three-component balance, and a propeller testing device, all of which are discussed in the text.


This study investigated how academic librarians in Olabisi Onabanjo University (OOU) Library, Nigeria used smart phones to embrace academic library services and routines. Questionnaire method was employed to collect data for the study. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The study revealed that the academic librarians of the university had and used smart phones for personal and official purposes, though the use for personal activities were more pronounced than for library services. The study further revealed that status of the academic librarians does not influenced smart phones used amongst other findings. Many recommendations were proffered amongst which were adoption of mobile technology for library applications and services as well as adoption of smart phone use by academic librarians to offer and enhance library mobile services and routines.Keywords: Academic librarians, University libraries, Smart phone use, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun State, Nigeria


In unsplittable network flow problems, certain nodes must satisfy a combinatorial requirement that the incoming arc flows cannot be split or merged when routed through outgoing arcs. This so-called no-split no-merge requirement arises in unit train scheduling where train consists should remain intact at stations that lack necessary equipment and manpower to attach/detach them. Solving the unsplittable network flow problems with standard mixed-integer programming formulations is computationally difficult due to the large number of binary variables needed to determine matching pairs between incoming and outgoing arcs of nodes with no-split no-merge constraint. In this paper, we study a stochastic variant of the unit train scheduling problem where the demand is uncertain. We develop a novel decision diagram (DD)-based framework that decomposes the underlying two-stage formulation into a master problem that contains the combinatorial requirements and a subproblem that models a continuous network flow problem. The master problem is modeled by a DD in a transformed space of variables with a smaller dimension, leading to a substantial improvement in solution time. Similar to the Benders decomposition technique, the subproblems output cutting planes that are used to refine the master DD. Computational experiments show a significant improvement in solution time of the DD framework compared with that of standard methods. Funding: This work was supported by the Iowa Energy Center [Grant 20IEC005]. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2022.1194 .


The area of cements in dentistry is steadily growing with the introduction of new systems that need to be cemented to the tooth, e.g. new inlays and crowns. With the better properties of the implants there is a need for new cements with high bond strength, good esthetic and mechanical properties. The bioactive minerals have not been explored as dental cement. This paper investigates the strength, setting time and film thickness of a novel dental cement based on the biomineral Marokite (calcium aluminate) as bonding system. The reactive Marokite powder is mixed with glass filler (ratio of 1.9 by volume) and water (ratio of 0.4 by weight) to a paste, which hardens within 6 minutes and has a working time of 2 minutes. The compressive strength reaches 143 MPa after 24 hours and the flexural strength almost 40 MPa. When the film thickness is measured at the end of the working time it is about 50 µm. Compared to glass ionomer cement (Fuji Cem) and zinc phosphate cement (Harvad) the biomineral system has higher strength and comparable setting time and film thickness. The investigation shows that it is feasible to develop dental cements based on biominerals, in this case a Marokite based material. The cement complies with the given standards.


OBJECTIVES
Ambivalence is regarded as a key target for psychotherapeutic change. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a brief expressive writing intervention for reducing distress about goal ambivalence.

DESIGN
A sample of 40 undergraduate students were randomly allocated to an experimental 'expressive writing' condition or a control condition.

METHOD
Participants rated their ambivalence about the 10 most important goals they were currently pursuing and rated how distressing they found these feelings of ambivalence. Participants then completed three short expressive writing sessions on consecutive days. Participants in the experimental condition participants wrote about their deepest thoughts and feelings relating to their ambivalence, and participants in the control condition wrote about how they had spent their time that day or week.

RESULTS
When controlling for baseline distress about ambivalence, there was a significant effect of writing condition on distress about ambivalence at follow-up; individuals who wrote about their ambivalence experienced a significant reduction in their level of distress about ambivalence.

CONCLUSION
It was concluded that expressive writing might represent an analogue of therapeutic approaches to encourage acceptance of ambivalence.


2205 duplex stainless steel is often welded on the surface contact of the corrosive media in projects to prevent stress corrosion in petrochemical facilities. To explore the application scope and feasibility of the solution ,two welding processes (automatic welding and manual welding), three kinds of the common corrosion environment (saturated hydrogen sulfide, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride) are studied by constant load tensile and micro-fracture analysis methods. its stress corrosion is evaluated comprehensively and the mathematical model of stress–life is established based on the experimental results. The results indicate that constant tensile load threshold sth automatic welding is the 0.45RP0.2, manual welding is the 0.4RP0.2 in saturated H2S environment, and the difference is 17%; all the samples remain intact after 96 hours in 0.9RP0.2 stress test of the calcium chloride environment, which shows excellent resistance to chloride stress corrosion. But the material doesn't work well in the environment of boiling magnesium chloride solution.


Acto-myosin contractility is an essential element of many aspects of cellular biology, and manifests as traction forces that cells exert on their surroundings. The central role of these forces makes them a novel principal therapeutic target in diverse diseases. This requires accurate and higher capacity measurements of traction forces; however, existing methods are largely low throughput, limiting their utility in broader applications. To address this need, we employ Fourier-transform traction force microscopy in a parallelized 96-well format, which we refer to as contractile force screening (CFS).Critically, rather than the frequently employed hydrogel polyacrylamide (PAA), we fabricate these plates using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) rubber. Key to this approach is that the PDMS used is very compliant, with a lower-bound Young's modulus of approximately 0.7 kPa. We subdivide these monolithic substrates spatially into biochemically independent wells, creating a uniform multiwell platform for traction force screening. We demonstrate the utility and versatility of this platform by quantifying the compound and dose-dependent contractility responses of human airway smooth muscle cells and retinal pigment epithelial cells.


Partial nucleotide sequences (459 bp) of the groEL gene (encoding the 60-kDa heat shock protein, HSP60) from 23 contemporary isolates of Orientia tsutsugamushi isolated from patients with acute scrub typhus in Thailand were compared with 16 reference strain sequences to evaluate the potential of groEL as a conserved and representative target for molecular diagnostics.. Overall nucleotide identity within all available O. tsutsugamushi isolates (n = 39) was 98.8% (range: 95.0–100), reflecting a high degree of conservation; nucleotide identities were 67.5% and 65.6%, respectively, when typhus and spotted fever group rickettsiae were included.. A highly sensitive and quantitative real-time PCR assay was designed and evaluated using 61 samples, including buffy coats from patients in Thailand and Laos. Reliable and accurate quantitation of bacterial loads allows further investigation of other diagnostic methods and may lead to an improved understanding of the pathophysiology of acute scrub typhus, an important but under-recognized disease.


This report describes data and methodologies that the Economic Research Service has used to apply monetary values to changes in soil erosion. Values and methodology are clearly described so that analysts can apply the data to specific soil conservation projects. ERS has used the values to estimate soil conservation benefits of changes in farm programs and practices, but no analyses of farm programs or practices are provided here. The benefit values are regional dollar-per-ton measures of 14 different categories of soil conservation benefits. There are other soil conservation benefit categories beyond those reported here, so a full accounting of benefits is not possible. As a result, monetary values derived from applications of these data are likely to be lower-bound estimates of the benefits or costs of changes in soil erosion. The data are thought to be detailed enough for national and regional estimates, but lack precision for smaller scale estimates.


RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FUNGICIDE SENSITIVITY AND CONTROL OF GUMMY STEM BLIGHT IN WATERMELON by ANNA THOMAS (Under the Direction of KATHERINE L. STEVENSON and DAVID B. LANGSTON, JR) ABSTRACT Baseline isolates of Didymella bryoniae were tested for sensitivity to penthiopyrad, tebuconazole and difenoconazole using mycelia growth assay. Based on the sensitivity distribution, a discriminatory concentration of 3.0 μg/ml was selected for future monitoring of shifts in sensitivity. Cross-resistance between boscalid and penthiopyrad was identified in field isolates of D. bryoniae and a potential for cross-resistance between DMIs is observed based on baseline sensitivity profile. Field experiments were conducted to establish a relationship between frequency of resistance and fungicide efficacy in managing gummy stem blight (GSB). Tebuconazole and chlorothalonil were proved to be most effective in managing GSB. A consistent negative association was observed between the frequency of resistance and disease control in the field. Isolation of D. bryoniae resistant to thiophanate-methyl from commercial seedlots helped explain the unpredictable development of fungicide resistance in watermelon fields. Results from this study will help manage GSB with efficient use of fungicides.


n The Federal Aviation Administration is modernizing the Air Traffic Control system to improve flight efficiency, to increase airspace capacity, to reduce flight delays, and to control operating costs as the demand for air travel continues to grow. Promising new surveillance technologies such as Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast and multisensor track fusion offer the potential to augment the ground-based surveillance and controller-display systems by providing more timely and complete information about aircraft. The resulting improvement in surveillance accuracy may potentially allow the expanded use of the minimum safe-separation distance between aircraft. However, these new technologies cannot be introduced with today's radar-separation standards, because they assume surveillance will be provided only through radar technology. In this article, we review the background of aircraft surveillance and the establishment of radar separation standards. The required surveillance accuracy to safely support aircraft separation with National Airspace System technologies is then derived from currently widely used surveillance systems. We end with flight test validation of the derived results, which can be used to evaluate new technologies.


The purpose of this paper is to study the strong and weak convergence of an implicity iteration process for strictly pseudocontractive semigroups in general Banach spaces. The results presented in this paper extend and improve recent results of some people. Zhang [{\it Acta Mathematica Sinica, English Series,} {\bf 26} 337-344 (2010)], Zhang [{\it Appl. Math. Mech. -Engl. Ed.}, {\bf 30}, 145-152 (2009)], Zhou [{\it Nonlinear Anal.}, {\bf 68}, 2977-2983 (2008)], Chen, et al. [{\it J. Math. Anal.,} {\bf 314}, 701-709 (2006)],  Osilike [{\it J. Math. Appl.,} {\bf 294}, 73-81 (2004)] and Xu and Oir [ {\it Numer. Funct. Anal. Optim.,} {\bf 22}, 767-773 (2001)].


Background We sought to examine the prognostic value of heart rate turbulence derived from electrocardiographic recordings initiated in the emergency department for patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) or unstable angina. Methods Twenty-four-hour Holter recordings were started in patients with cardiac symptoms approximately 45 minutes after arrival in the emergency department. Patients subsequently diagnosed with NSTEMI or unstable angina who had recordings with ≥18 hours of sinus rhythm and sufficient data to compute Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk scores were chosen for analysis (n = 166). Endpoints were emergent re-entry to the cardiac emergency department and/or death at 30 days and one year. Results In Cox regression models, heart rate turbulence and TIMI risk scores together were significant predictors of 30-day (model chi square 13.200, P = 0.001, C-statistic 0.725) and one-year (model chi square 31.160, P < 0.001, C-statistic 0.695) endpoints, outperforming either measure alone. Conclusion Measurement of heart rate turbulence, initiated upon arrival at the emergency department, may provide additional incremental value in the risk assessment for patients with NSTEMI or unstable angina.


Background We have previously demonstrated that women with threatened pre-term labour (PTL) who tested negative for fetal fibronectin (fFN) have a low risk of spontaneous pre-term birth (PTB) before 34 weeks gestation and reduced rates of hospital admission and corticosteroid administration.1 Aims To assess the performance of fFN 18months following its introduction to Ninewells Hospital, Dundee and to determine whether or not the initial benefits associated with fFN testing were sustained. Furthermore our aim was to assess whether or not a positive fFN test was a marker for other pathologies that might be associated with iatrogenic PTB. Methods Data were collected prospectively from all women who presented with PTL between 01/03/10-28/02/11. Information regarding outcomes was obtained from the maternity case notes and the local maternity database. Results 86 women had fFN testing. 12/86(14%) tested fFN-positive. 29/86(34%) required hospital admission [fFN-positive=11/12(92%) vs. fFN-negative=18/74(24%), p<0.0001]. 16/86(19.1%) received corticosteroids [fFN-positive=9/12(75%) vs. fFN-negative=7/74(9%), p<00001]. No patients received tocolysis. 8/86(9%) women delivered before 34 weeks gestation [fFN positive=4/12(33%) vs. fFN-negative=4/74(5%), p=0.01]. 2/86(2%) had spontaneous PTB before 34 weeks gestation [fFN positive=1/12(8%) vs. fFN-negative=1/74(1%), p=NS]. 6/86 (7%) had iatrogenic PTB before 34 weeks gestation [fFN positive=3/12(25%) vs. fFN-negative= 3/74(4%), p=0.03]. Conclusions In our population a negative fFN test is still associated with a low rate of spontaneous PTB before 34 weeks gestation. However a significant number of women with PTL will deliver before 34 weeks gestation for iatrogenic reasons. Our study suggests that fFN might be a marker for other pathologies associated with pre-term birth.


The latitudinal variations of the Subantarctic Front (SAF) and Southern Hemisphere atmospheric jet were investigated for the period of 1993-2016. Zonal wind velocity, sea surface height and temperature data were used to identify these features over the South Atlantic, South Pacific and Indian Oceans individually. During this period, the atmospheric jet migrated poleward 0.34°S decade-1 in the Atlantic, 0.28°S decade-1 in the Pacific and 0.14°S decade-1 in the Indian oceans. Previous works have shown that the poleward trend is due to the expansion of the tropical belt as a consequence of greenhouse gas increase and cooling of polar stratosphere due to ozone depletion. In addition the atmospheric jet strengthen in all three basins. The SAF represents the Antarctic Circumpolar Current northern boundary and was observed in average at 46.3°S (±0.5°) in the Atlantic, 54.3°S (±0.3°) in the Pacific and 46.6°S (±0.5°) in Indian Oceans. The SAF shows a poleward migration of 0.46°S decade-1 in the Atlantic, 0.20°S decade-1 in the Pacific and 0.27°S decade-1 in the Indian Oceans, which is attributed to the sea level increasing in the Southern Hemisphere due to thermal expansion. The SAF poleward trend is consistent with the positive trend of the Southern Annular Mode during the studied period. Moreover, the jet position is statistically significant correlated to the SAF position in each ocean basin. However, the coefficients are weak: +0.22 for the Atlantic, +0.17 for the Pacific and +0.21 for the Indian oceans. The latitudinal displacement of the SAF in the Pacific is inversely proportional to the El Nino-Southern Oscillations (ENSO). During El Nino years the SAF tend to be more poleward and during La Nina years more equatorward, with maximum correlation of 0.56, with ENSO leading by three months.


Background:Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role particularly mast cells, eosinophils, T lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and epithelial cells.Chronic bronchial asthma may cause pulmonary arterial hypertension which causes RV hypertrophy and dilatation as well as systolic and diastolic RV dysfunction. The level of right ventricular diastolic dysfunction depends on the degree of right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary vascular resistance. Aim of the study: The aim of this study wasto evaluatethe ventricular functions in patients with bronchial asthma using Traditional Echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging. Patients and methods:This was a cross sectional study that included thirty-eight patients with bronchial asthma. All patients were subjected to full history taking, clinical examination and they underwent Echocardiography. Results:Tricuspid and mitral E wave velocities were significantly lower among cases. Tricuspid and mitral A wave Velocities were significantly higher among cases. No significant differencewas found regarding any of the measured cardiac dimensions. No significant statistical difference regarding fractional shortening was found.Right ventricular myocardial performance (MPI) was higher in case group when compared to control group with no significant statistical difference. Conclusion:Early and late biventricular diastolic dysfunction was detectable in children with bronchial asthma using conventionalDoppler echocardiography. The absolute value of right ventricular tissue Doppler-derived MPI was increased in cases of bronchial asthma compared with control subjects although the difference did not reach statistical significance.


While many authors focus on the outcome of information systems (IS) investments, this paper explores management practices that support the deployment of IS investments so they can ultimately create value to the organisation. Such practices are defined as value management practices that facilitate the identification, creation, and capture of value in the deployment of IS investments. Very limited academic research has been oriented towards the identification of such value management practices. Moreover, the limited results are fragmented as many scholars investigate one single practice in isolation. Practitioner frameworks emerged in an attempt to integrate multiple value management practices, yet organisations still struggle with getting such practices and frameworks implemented and embedded into their organisations. In an attempt to contribute to the scarce literature, this research has executed a literature review and exploratory case study to identify and clearly define multiple individual value management practices. These findings are structured within the context of a conceptual framework that previously has been employed by IS scholars. As a result, the practices are categorised into structures, processes, and relational mechanisms and together constitute a new value management framework. In addition, this framework portrays the organisational level on which each value management practice can be operational, i.e. at individual IS investment level, portfolio level or enterprise level. By doing so, the value management framework creates a clear vision on the coherence and interrelationship of value management practices which might help organisations in the deployment and value creation of IS investments.


ABSTRACT From Bradyrhizobium japonicum highly reiterated sequence-possessing (HRS) strains indigenous to Niigata and Tokachi in Japan with high copy numbers of the repeated sequences RSα and RSβ (K. Minamisawa, T. Isawa, Y. Nakatsuka, and N. Ichikawa, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:1845–1851, 1998), several insertion sequence (IS)-like elements were isolated by using the formation of DNA duplexes by denaturation and renaturation of total DNA, followed by treatment with S1 nuclease. Most of these sequences showed structural features of bacterial IS elements, terminal inverted repeats, and homology with known IS elements and transposase genes. HRS and non-HRS strains ofB. japonicum differed markedly in the profiles obtained after hybridization with all the elements tested. In particular, HRS strains of B. japonicum contained many copies of IS1631, whereas non-HRS strains completely lacked this element. This association remained true even when many field isolates of B. japonicum were examined. Consequently, IS1631 occurrence was well correlated with B. japonicum HRS strains possessing high copy numbers of the repeated sequence RSα or RSβ. DNA sequence analysis indicated that IS1631 is 2,712 bp long. In addition, IS1631belongs to the IS21 family, as evidenced by its two open reading frames, which encode putative proteins homologous to IstA and IstB of IS21, and its terminal inverted repeat sequences with multiple short repeats.


Traumatic spondyloptosis is a serious injury usually caused by high-energy trauma; It consists of the anterior or posterior dislocation of 100% or more of the underlying vertebral body, which can become a total injury of the spinal cord, producing a neurological deficit; this type of injury represents stage 4 and 5 of Allen-Ferguson. Clinical case: A 50-year-old man who suffers a car accident, he receive frontal impact when he was a driver, colliding with the retaining wall, referred from another hospital to emergency room, managed with C7 hemicorpectomy, c7-t1 discectomy, spondylodesis with anterior plate (C6-T1), and posterior approach + Fascetectomies of C7-T1, facet joint screws C6 and transpedicular fixation of T1. Discussion: Subaxial cervical spondyloptosis is relatively rare clinical entity, a complete clinical examination is important in diagnosis, taking in considerations the injury mechanism. For treatment we have a multiple options, at this case anterior-posterior (360 degrees) treatment it was the better option for Us; however, must be personalized and consider the early rehabilitation of patient.


An expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor was adopted to incubate the sludge biogranule that could simultaneously achieve sulfate reduction and sulfide reoxidization to elemental sulfur for treating molasses distillery wastewater. The EGSB reactor was operated for 175 days at 35 °C with a pH value of 7.0, chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading rate of 4.8 kg COD/(m³ d), and sulfate loading rate of 0.384 kg SO(4)(2-)/(m³ d). The optimal operation parameters, including the oxidation reduction potential (ORP), recycling rate, and hydraulic retention time (HRT), were established to obtain stable and acceptable removal efficiencies of COD, sulfate, and higher elemental sulfur production. With an ORP of -440 mV, a recycling rate of 300%, and HRT of 15 h, the COD and sulfate removal efficiencies were 73.4 and 61.3%, respectively. The elemental sulfur production ratio reached 30.1% when the elemental sulfur concentration in the effluent was 48.1 mg/L. The performance results were also confirmed by the mass balance calculation of sulfate, sulfide, and elemental sulfur over the EGSB reactor.


Isomaltulose is a low cariogenic sweetener used as a substitute for sucrose in the food industry. In this study, isomaltulose production by Serratia plymuthica ATCC 15928 was performed using free and immobilized cells. Response Surface Methodology was employed to evaluate the influence of temperature, wet cell mass concentration and sucrose concentration during the conversion of sucrose into isomaltulose by free cells. After 2 h of reaction time in shake flasks, a high production of isomaltulose (85.23%) was obtained with a temperature of 25oC, wet cell mass of 20% (w/v) and sucrose solution of 25% (w/v). The free cells were reused during seven successive batches and resulted in efficient isomaltulose conversion between 83.74 and 67.37%. The production of isomaltulose by immobilized cells in calcium alginate was studied in a packed bed bioreactor during seven days in a continuous process. A conversion yield of sucrose into isomaltulose between 81.26 and 70.89% was obtained, using immobilized cells in calcium alginate SynthO 2% (w/v), sucrose solution of 35% (w/v), wet cell mass of 30% (w/v) and temperature of 25oC. The conversion of sucrose into isomaltulose remained high using free cells and using immobilized cells in calcium alginate during the period of execution of the experiments.

 Key words: Isomaltulose, glucosyltransferase, free cells, immobilized cells, Serratia plymuthica.


: Experimental facts, proving the presence of M3-cholinoreceptros in parasympathetic regulation of heart, are reviewed. Results of molecular biological and biochemical studies, showing existence of M3-cholinoreceptors in myocardium, are discussed. Physiological data, that demonstrates changes of action potential configuration due to M3-receptors activation, specific potassium current, linked with M3-receptors stimulation, and other evidence of functional importance of M3-receptros in myocardium, is analyzed. Studies dealing with cardioprotective role of M3-receptors are reviewed with special attention. The review widens our knowledge about molecular mechanisms of parasympathetic heart regulation.


In the 1970s there was a televised debate about the causes of inflation between Milton Friedman and Robert Neild (Professor of Economics at Cambridge University). Friedman kept quiet during Neild's twenty-minute presentation but congratulated him at the end on his most detailed exposition. Friedman had counted 26 different explanations, 20 of which were peculiar to the UK.

Turning to Neild, Friedman asked if he had noticed that inflation had also occurred in the US. Then came the crack, 'You appear to be satisfied if a theory works within twenty miles of Cambridge, England'. Friedman recognised that apparently plausible special explanations can always be invented after an event and general explanations are preferable.

A similar situation has occurred in the recent credit crunch with a number of special explanations advanced to account for why it came about: for example, too little regulation and mispriced risk. As we argue in this article, the real explanation is the rise of asset price inflation, the cause of which appears not to have been understood by the monetary authorities. Since the liberalisation of financial markets in the 1970s, successive governments in the UK and US have at times encouraged asset price inflation, with disastrous consequences.


: It is marked in the article that the average value of heart chronotropic reaction of athletes to vestibular irritation from different positions of a head and duration of sensory reactions are inversely related to exercise saturation of every kind of sport by angular accelerations. Severity of the systolic blood pressure reaction of various specializations athletes does not differ. Strength and frequency of hand movements of athletes increase on the background of the rotational load, and accuracy of the given efforts declines, but these changes are not related to their specialization. In the controls these rates are reduced, though their accuracy of effort is much greater than athlete's accuracy efforts.


In this study, microalloyed steels were joined by using the submerged arc welding method at different welding currents of 350 A, 400 A and 450 A. The effects of selected welding parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of welded materials were investigated. Tensile tests and microhardness measurements were performed. Microstructural changes have been identified in the welding zone. The results showed an increase in hardness and tensile strength depending on the current intensity. The heat affected zone was observed much wider with the increase in welding current.


The decade 1914-1924 was crucial in the career of Frank Lloyd Wright. He was at work on two major projects, the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo and the Barnsdall commission for Olive Hill in Los Angeles. The Imperial Hotel, although vast and impressive in its grandeur as a finished building supervised closely by Wright, is not as revealing as the Barnsdall commission of the process of transition that these years represent. During the decade Aline Barnsdall called upon Wright to design for her 45 buildings, of which 2 were major theaters (one for Chicago, one for Olive Hill); 2 were her own residences (one for Olive Hill, one for Beverly Hills); 16 were stores; 21 were houses; 1 was an apartment building; 1 an entrance pavilion; 1 a motion picture theater; and 1 a playhouse-kindergarten. In addition, he designed a master plan for her property that included the majority of these buildings and anticipated his later theories of planning as developed in Broadacre City. These buildings span the range of Wright9s designs from the late Prairie House to the fully worked out textile block system for concrete.


Pulse-triggered combustion instability constitutes a considerable problem in the design and operation of solid propellant rocket motors. Results from an experimental study involving 45 full-scale motor e rings are presented to provide guidance in motor design and a database for comparison with existing and future nonlinear theories. The repeatability of pulse-triggered instability along with the effect of variations in propellant formulation, operating pressure, grain cone guration, motor scale, and motor length were evaluated according to the parameters fraction of dc shift and wave strength. The stability rating of a cone guration based on these two different parameters was not always consistent; the fraction of dc shift was judged superior. It was shown that oxidizer particle size distribution and the presence of a stability additive affected pulse-triggered instability. In addition, it was shown that instability tended to increase with pressure, that cylindrical grains tended to be less stable than star grains, that shorter motors tended to be less stable than longer ones, and that smaller motors tended to be less stable than larger ones.


Based on the main problems of tunneling technology and equipment configuration in the south side main entry of Zhangcun colliery, the mechanized line, support way and cement injection technique were investigated and reformed to solve the problems, then a new tunneling technology in south side main entry was proposed. The practical application result show that using different forms of mechanized tunneling lines can improve the loading and transportation efficiency of rock drift tunneling, correspondingly, improve tunneling speed of rock roadway; the support way and cement injection technique in new technology has a positive effect, create a condition for shortening the time of supporting on working face and cement injection and improve the tunneling speed greatly; with the new technology, the work efficiency improved from 0.88m/worker to 0.2m/worker, and increased by 227%.The project of two main entry driving will be completed in a year, and the ventilation system will be formed a year and a half in advance. According to the annual per capita salary sixty thousand Yuan, it can save labor costs 6.12 million Yuan. The good technology and economic effectiveness will be obtained.


Functionalization of silicene on metal substrates represents a key step for applications of silicene in future nanoelectronic devices. We find similarities in the electronic bands of 2√3 × 2√3R30° silicene and other silicene superstructures such as √13 × √13R13.9° and 4 × 4, that is, silicene π electrons lose their two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb character while σ states turn out to be less interacting and moderately affected. Half-silicane with a prefect 1 × 1 periodicity is formed on Ag(111), with one silicon sublattice accommodating the hydrogen atoms. Hydrogenation rearranges the out-of-plane buckling of silicene on Ag(111), and the energy of silicon σ states is raised toward the Fermi level (EF) due to the change of the buckling configuration. The formation of half-silicane results in a new type of silicene monolayer with a large buckling height. Dehydrogenation occurs at moderate temperatures, demonstrating that such uniformly ordered and reversible hydrogenation may be useful for tuning the properties of silicene and for controllable hydrogen storage.