Sub-wavelength confinement of light in nonlinear hyperbolic metamaterials due to formation of spatial solitons has attracted much recent attention because of its seemingly counter-intuitive behavior. In order to achieve self-focusing in a hyperbolic wire medium, a nonlinear self-defocusing Kerr medium must be used as a dielectric host. Here we demonstrate that this behavior finds natural explanation in terms of analogue gravity. Wave equation describing propagation of extraordinary light inside hyperbolic metamaterials exhibits 2+1 dimensional Lorentz symmetry. The role of time in the corresponding effective 3D Minkowski spacetime is played by the spatial coordinate aligned with the optical axis of the metamaterial. Nonlinear optical Kerr effect bends this spacetime resulting in effective gravitational force between extraordinary photons. In order for the effective gravitational constant to be positive, negative self-defocusing Kerr medium must be used as a host. If gravitational self-interaction is strong enough, spatial soliton may collapse into a black hole analogue.


Aim: Grape seed extract (GSE) is considered a herbal alternative and has been noted for its remineralization potential. Thus, this systematic review is to analyze the in-vitro remineralization effectiveness of the natural remineralizing agent, GSE, helping to reinstate new investigative possibilities in the field of restorative dentistry. Materials and Methods: This systematic review was undertaken using objectives and transparent methods as per the PRISMA guideline and was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021269585). Studies that had assessed the remineralizing efficacy of GSE on human primary teeth for the past 20 years published in English language were included. Electronic and manual searches were conducted to identify suitable citations, and electronic search was performed using various databases such as PubMed, Trip Database, Google Scholar, EBSCOhost Database, Scopus, and Web of Science. Those articles that were written in English and those that had full text available were considered because of its use in dentistry, whereas unpublished data and literature written in other languages and articles with only abstracts were excluded. The search was focussed on the effect of GSEs on primary teeth. Results: The search identified 446 citations, and 12 articles were chosen and reviewed in full texts, among which 2 relevant citations met the eligibility criteria for the final inclusion in the systematic review. The studies were of good quality and meta-analyses showed inconsistent evidence on the remineralization potential of GSE when compared with fluoride [mean difference: 16.63 (95% confidence interval: -62.48, 95.73); P = 0.004]. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study, the findings of this systematic review suggest that GSE has a remineralizing effect on primary teeth but strong literature-based clinical evidence in favor of GSE is lacking and also the remineralizing effectiveness is lesser when compared with fluoride. This reinforces the need for further in-vivo, in-vitro, and comparative clinical studies.


First arrival time picking is one of the critical processing steps of acoustic emission (AE)/microseismic (MS) monitoring for studying rock fracture processes. Because of massive monitoring data, the automatic arrival time picking technique is particularly desired. Inspired by recent successful applications of machine learning (ML) in earthquake phase identification, we propose a deep learning (DL)-based P-wave first arrival time picking method named AE Network (AEnet) for laboratory AE monitoring data. Our approach consists of two steps: classification and picking. The convolutional neural network (CNN) is used to classify each sample point of acoustic waveforms into either noise or signal. Different from prior DL-based phase picking studies using raw waveforms, we combine the waveform and high-order statistics as the input to enrich the input data features and accelerate the CNN model learning process. Our approach is examined using the laboratory AE monitoring data and the performance of each component of AEnet is also analyzed. The results show that the CNN model can classify the sample points accurately for the picking procedure. With this classification result, we pick the first arrival time of each trace using the curve fitting method and an unsupervised clustering algorithm. To evaluate the performance of AEnet, we apply Akaike Information Criterion-Short Term Averaging/Long Term Averaging Method (AIC-STA/LTA), one of the most popular and traditional picking methods, on the same waveforms and use the manual picks as the reference. Error analysis results show that AEnet outperforms AIC-STA/LTA.


The proposed research is derived from a commonly encountered teaching problem in Physiotherapy practice, spinal palpation. Spinal palpation is an essential skill that all
physiotherapy students need to be able to perform safely and effectively. This skill is difficult to attain and success and competence usually follows years of supervised practice.
This research is focussed on the design, development and manufacture of a 'haptic device' which simulates palpation of a spine.
Physiotherapy students learn to appreciate how the human spine feels and moves when pressure is applied to it through the fingertips, thumbs and small bones in the hand. It is an
essential technique that all physiotherapists need to be able to do. An appreciation of how the spine responds to palpation is essential in forming an understanding of a patient's
problems, however teaching this skill as an instructor to pre-registration and post registration physiotherapy students/professionals is a difficult concept. It involves precise handling
skills, cognitive appreciation and experiential practice. It is often time consuming for the teacher and currently it is difficult to check whether understanding has occurred. To date
nothing has been developed to address this problem. Within the literature there is little standardization of approach and no specific model for using spinal simulation when teaching
manual skills, that has been evaluated empirically.


Abstract. Atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), are important climate forcing agents due to their significant impacts on the climate system. The present study brings out first continuous measurements of atmospheric GHGs using high-precision LGR-GGA over Shadnagar, a suburban site of Central India during the year 2014. The annual mean CO2 and CH4 over the study region are found to be 394 ± 2.92 and 1.92 ± 0.07 ppm (μ ± 1σ) respectively. CO2 and CH4 show a significant seasonal variation during the study period with maximum (minimum) CO2 observed during pre-monsoon (monsoon), while CH4 recorded the maximum during post-monsoon and minimum during monsoon. Irrespective of the seasons, consistent diurnal variations of these gases are observed. Influences of prevailing meteorology (air temperature, wind speed, wind direction, and relative humidity) on GHGs have also been investigated. CO2 and CH4 show a strong positive correlation during winter, pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon with correlation coefficients (Rs) equal to 0.80, 0.80, 0.61, and 0.72 respectively, indicating a common anthropogenic source for these gases. Analysis of this study reveals the major sources for CO2 are soil respiration and anthropogenic emissions while vegetation acts as a main sink, whereas the major source and sink for CH4 are vegetation and presence of hydroxyl (OH) radicals.


ABSTRACT
 The seasonal pattern of adult fly production in both fresh and aged biosolid cake was established by the exposure of biosolid cake to natural conditions in the central coastal region of Perth, Western Australia, over the course of a year. Relationships between fly emergence and six factors (weeks exposed, pH, NH4, rainfall, temperature, and moisture) suspected of facilitating the attraction of adult flies to biosolid cake were measured. The aim was to study the production of adult flies with regard to weeks exposed in different seasons to establish a "best practice" storage procedure for aged biosolid cake. Four fly species were collected during the study; Musca domestica L. (house fly), Stomoxys calcitrans L. (stable fly), Fannia canicularis L. (lesser house fly), and Muscina stabulans (Fallén) (false stable fly). Of the 5,303 flies identified, >97% of these were either M. domestica or S. calcitrans. Adult flies emerged from biosolid cake all year round with a sharp decline in winter. The number of emerged flies peaked in summer (3,163 flies) and declined during autumn (1,545 flies) and spring (532 flies). Significant positive relationships were observed between the number of adult flies emerging from biosolid cake and ambient temperature, NH4 content, and weeks exposed. Higher ambient temperatures and a higher NH4 content of the biosolid cake were associated with increased number of adult flies emerging from the biosolid cake. Similarly, the majority of flies emerged from biosolid cake in the first 10 wk of exposure to fly activity.


Background Despite the available research findings, recommendations and the South African Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA) (Act 85 of 1993), there are still challenges with regard to the implementation of selected sections and regulations of the OHSA. This is evidenced by the occupational injuries and illness claims registered with the compensation fund (South Africa, Department of Labour 1993). Objectives To determine the extent to which the OHSA was implemented at an academic hospital in Johannesburg, from the senior professional nurses and nursing managers' perspective, and to describe recommendations in order to facilitate the implementation of the Act. Methods A contextual, quantitative, exploratory and descriptive survey was conducted. A purposive sampling method was used to select the participants that met the inclusion criteria. A structured Likert-scale questionnaire was used to collect data (Brink 2011). Stata version 12 was used to analyse the data. Cronbach's alpha, with a cut-off point of 0.7 was used to test for internal consistency. Ethical considerations were strictly adhered to. Results are presented in the form of graphs, frequency distributions and tables. Results The study revealed that overall there is 93.3% non-implementation of the selected sections and regulations of the OHSA. These results have serious implications on the health and safety of employees in the workplace. Conclusion The study recommends that the replication of the study should be conducted in order to determine the extent of implementation of the selected sections and regulations of the OHSA in other government institutions.


MOTIVATION
Reliable structural modelling of protein-protein complexes has widespread application, from drug design to advancing our knowledge of protein interactions and function. This work addresses three important issues in protein-protein docking: implementing backbone flexibility, incorporating prior indications from experiment and bioinformatics, and providing public access via a server. 3D-Garden (Global And Restrained Docking Exploration Nexus), our benchmarked and server-ready flexible docking system, allows sophisticated programming of surface patches by the user via a facet representation of the interactors' molecular surfaces (generated with the marching cubes algorithm). Flexibility is implemented as a weighted exhaustive conformer search for each clashing pair of molecular branches in a set of 5000 models filtered from around approximately 340,000 initially.

RESULTS
In a non-global assessment, carried out strictly according to the protocols for number of models considered and model quality of the Critical Assessment of Protein Interactions (CAPRI) experiment, over the widely-used Benchmark 2.0 of 84 complexes, 3D-Garden identifies a set of ten models containing an acceptable or better model in 29/45 test cases, including one with large conformational change. In 19/45 cases an acceptable or better model is ranked first or second out of 340,000 candidates.

AVAILABILITY
http://www.sbg.bio.ic.ac.uk/3dgarden (server).


Normal 0 0 1 496 2783 63 17 3478 11.1539 0 0 0 This ethnographic approach with socio-historical and religious emphasis focuses on the Mission view of Messianic Jewish women in Ukraine circa 2000. The approach highlights especially the meaning of socio-historical and religious factors in the emergence of the Mission view of Messianic Jewish women. Ukraine, the location of this study case, is an ex-Soviet country of about 48 million citizens with 100 ethnic nationalities. Members of the Jewish faith form one of those ethnic groups. Following the Russian revolution in 1989 and then the establishing of an independent Ukraine in 1991, the country descended into economic disaster with many consequent social problems. Women, children and families were the most vulnerable groups in society and it was within these, and additionally in answer to an emotional vacuum and failure of female activism that an interest and commitment to Religion returned after about 70 years exile. Messianic Judaism emerged in Ukraine during the late 1980s. The purpose of this study is to describe the content of the Mission view: family welfare. This study addresses the following questions concerning the Messianic Jewish Movement: 1) What is the Mission view of Messianic Jewish women? 2) Why and how did it emerge? 3) How do women produce family welfare according to this Mission view? 4) What are the ideal types of Messianic Jewish women for contributing welfare to society? Under Soviet Communist rule Ukrainian Jewry lost their religion, culture and lifestyle. In order to survive they assimilated. Jewish women became part of the work force and the institution of the Jewish family as a centre of Jewish community life collapsed. Religious Jewish women became secular Soviet citizens. This study describes Jewish women in the midst of past and present evolving suffering. The Mission view presents an ideal model within the context of welfare for the role of Jewish women and Jewish family life for the future. This study is theoretical. However, it also uses empirical material, which consists of discussions with 47 persons and questionnaires completed by 33 members. Theoretical sources consist of written literature such as academic studies and articles (mainly representing Jewish tradition), documents, statistics, and ten memoirs. The ethnographic approach includes the use of the theoretical frame, the OOM (the Organization Onion Model), which has been developed by sociologist of religion and cultural anthropologist Muukkonen (2000). The results of this ethnographic analysis show that the Mission view focuses on three tasks of family welfare: to create integrity at home and in the family, to rear children in order for them to grow into persistent, resilient human beings, and to continue and maintain Jewish lifestyle in the family. The generated Mission view includes the ideal of authentic Jewish women who want to produce welfare for the Jewish family. This analysis opens up new perspectives concerning family welfare in Jewish families. [This an edited excerpt from Ikonen's Ph.D. Thesis of the same title, submitted to the University of Tampere, Finland, 2013. The full text of the thesis can be found by clicking on the following link http://tampub.uta.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/67982/978-951-44-9060-6.pdf?sequence=1 ]


Lim mineralization protein-3 (LMP3) induces osteoblast differentiation by regulating the expression and activity of certain molecules involved in the osteogenic cascade, including those belonging to the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family. The complete network of molecular events involved in LMP3-mediated osteogenesis is still unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the genome-wide gene expression profiles in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) induced by exogenous LMP3 to mediate osteogenesis. For this purpose hMSC were transduced with a defective adenoviral vector expressing the human LMP3 gene and microarray analysis was performed 1 day post-adenoviral transduction. Cells transduced with the vector backbone and untransduced cells were used as independent controls in the experiments. Microarray data were independently validated by means of real-time PCR on selected transcripts. The statistical analysis of microarray data produced a list of 263 significantly (p < 0.01) differentially expressed transcripts. The biological interpretation of the results indicated, among the most noteworthy effects, the modulation of genes involved in the TGF-beta1 pathway: 88 genes coding for key regulators of the cell cycle regulatory machinery and 28 genes implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation along with the development of connective, muscular, and skeletal tissues. These results suggested that LMP3 could affect the fine balance between cell proliferation/differentiation of mesenchymal cells mostly by modulating the TGF-beta1 signaling pathway.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Liver transplantation for terminal liver failure enables patients to look forward to many years of good quality life. As a result, more and more of the often still relatively young transplant recipients inquire about the possible risks to a child procreated after transplantation. PATIENTS AND METHODS During 9.5 years (between September 1988 and April 1998) 1000 liver transplantations were performed on 911 patients (374 females, 537 males) at our hospital. The potential for parenthood existed for 163 women (aged between 16 an 46 years) and 520 men. 14 children were born of 14 women, six pregnancies ended in spontaneous abortion or miscarriage and three other women are now pregnant. Seven men reported paternity of eight children after transplantation. All data were collected prospectively. RESULTS Six of the 14 births (42.9%) proceeded normally, but up to three complications developed in the other eight (57.1%). Six women (35.7%) developed hypertension during the pregnancy. There was no case of transplant dysfunction or toxaemia of pregnancy. Half the births were by caesarean section. Premature births occurred in two women (14.3%); four children were underweight (< 2500 g) at birth (28.6%). The seven men, at a mean age of 44 (7-75) months after transplantation, fathered eight children, at present aged between 11 months and 6 years, all of whom have developed normally. The 13 children of the post-transplantation mothers are also without malformation or abnormal development. One child's development is retarded due to a fetal alcohol syndrome resulting from the mother's post-transplantation alcohol abuse during pregnancy. All the patients are well at present and live with their children. CONCLUSIONS Both men and women can procreate at a relatively low risk to the off-spring. But for this to happen, an informed decision for parenthood must be made by the prospective parent together with her/his partner and the doctor in charge, she/he must be in good physical condition with stable transplant function, and there must be frequent interdisciplinary monitoring during any post-transplantation pregnancy.


The objectives of the study are twofold. First, we aim to examine the most influential socio-economic indicators to explain energy consumption in Republic of Serbia. The second objective is to develop models that are able to predict the future energy consumption in the Republic of Serbia. This could be the first important step towards proper energy management in the country. Several potential socio-economic indicators are selected to be the independent variables. Regression analysis is conducted to select the most relevant independent variables as well as building the multiple linear regression (MLR) models. In addition, an artificial neural networks (ANN) model is developed as a comparison. Finally, the energy demand is projected to the year 2022. It is found that both models show the declining trend with respect to the current level of energy consumption.


Background
Right-sided metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients have poor prognosis and achieve limited benefit from first-line doublets plus a targeted agent. In this unplanned analysis of the TRIBE study, we investigated the prognostic and predictive impact of primary tumor sidedness in mCRC patients and the differential impact of the intensification of the chemotherapy in subgroups defined according to both primary tumor sidedness and RAS and BRAF mutational status.

Patients and methods
Patients were randomized to receive upfront 5-fluoruracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) plus bevacizumab or 5-fluoruracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan (FOLFOXIRI) plus bevacizumab. Tumors were defined as right- or left-sided if they originated from the caecum to the transverse colon or within the splenic flexure and beyond, respectively. Patients with available information about both primary sidedness and RAS and BRAF status were included in the present analysis. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and RECIST response rate were assessed according to tumor location and RAS and BRAF mutational status.

Results
Information about primary sidedness and RAS and BRAF status was available for 358 (70.5%) out of 508 randomized patients. Patients with right-sided tumors (N = 173) presented shorter OS [23.7 versus 31.0 months, HR = 1.42 (95% CI 1.09-1.84), P = 0.010] and a trend toward shorter PFS [10.2 versus 11.5 months, HR = 1.24 (95% CI: 0.98-1.56), P = 0.083] than those with left-sided tumors (N = 185), but these associations were no longer evident when adjusting for RAS and BRAF status. Patients with right-sided tumors achieved more relative benefit from the intensification of the chemotherapy backbone in terms of both PFS (HR = 0.59 versus 0.89, P for interaction = 0.099) and OS (HR = 0.56 versus 0.99, P for interaction = 0.030) and this advantage was independent of their RAS and BRAF status.

Conclusions
FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab may be regarded as a preferred first-line treatment option for clinically selected patients with right-sided metastatic colorectal cancer irrespective of their RAS and BRAF mutational status. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00719797.


The December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami wrecked thousands of lives, homes, and livelihoods - losses that could have been avoided with timely and better information. A resource such as information is needed at a fundamental level much like water, food, medicine, or shelter. This dissertation examines the development of the Thai information society, in terms of the share of information workforce and the level of diffusion of information and communication technologies (ICT), as well as, the role of the Thai information society in response to the tsunami disaster. The study combined the historical and political economy analyses in explaining factors influencing the growth of information workforce and the development of ICT in Thailand. Interviews conducted in 2007-08 revealed the Thai information society responded to the 2004 Tsunami - the first global internet-mediated natural disaster - in two areas: on-site assistance in collecting and recording identification information of tsunami disaster victims and on-line dissemination of disaster relief information. The effectiveness of ICT institutions in providing the tsunami disaster relief efforts and increasing the development of the information society were assessed using statistical procedures analyzing the perceptions of the Internet-based survey respondents. The disaster effects on survey respondents were also assessed. The study's findings include: (1) the Thai information sector development pattern confirmed a key difference between development patterns of information sectors in developed and developing countries, (2) the increasing number of Thai information workers was due more to the expansion of government than the expansion in the manufacturing and service sectors during the 1997-98 Asian financial crisis, (3) Thailand's expansion of ICT infrastructure was influenced not only on the basis of economic profitability but also by political desirability, and (4) volunteers were crucial in humanitarian aid and disaster relief.


Hudson-70 was the last big multidisciplinary global oceanographic expedition. Organized by the Bedford Institute of Oceanography (BIO), based in Nova Scotia, this epic eleven-month voyage lasted from November 1969 to October 1970, involved 128 scientists from five countries, and traversed five oceans. Enroute, the CSS Hudson steamed 56,000 nautical miles and became the first ship to circumnavigate the Americas. A huge amount of new oceanographic information in all disciplines was collected in environments ranging from tropical to polar. Major highlights are summarized. General overviews of the expedition were published in three books and the results of individual studies were reported in over 50 scientific publications. Hudson-70 was a major Canadian oceanographic accomplishment, truly worthy of celebrating fifty years later.


We readily isolated insertions of the carbenicillin resistance element Tn401 into the TOL plasmid in Pseudomonas putida. Hybrid TOL::Tn401 plasmids stably express the Cbr phenotype in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Whereas the replicative and conjugative functions are expressed in both hosts, the ability to grow on m-toluate is only expressed in the Pseudomonas species.


The importance of nursing research in professional practice is widely accepted, yet research findings have had little influence on practice. The problems of dissemination, education and change influence the utilisation of research findings. The professional integrity of nursing is threatened by the lack of research utilisation.


The establishment of a platform architecture is a critical task but there is no methodological support for this in the first phases of development. There are several approaches for evaluating designs and architectures when an initial design is present, however, not for the phases foregoing the embodiment of ideas into concepts. This paper fills this void by introducing a new design methodology for modelling, assessing and narrowing down the architectural design space. It allows exploration of more alternatives in the earliest phases of development, which ultimately may produce better designs. The result is a design space of a manageable and desirable size for subsequent embodiment and detailed design with traditional engineering tools. The advantage is that feasibility of the candidate platforms have been established to a high degree of certainty. The approach is illustrated with a case of redesign showing how a manufacturer of parts for a jet engine can use the methodology to model and assess platform concepts in the earliest phase of development.


Sparse representation (SR) is a novel pattern recognition method. The algorithm of SR usually performs well. However, in processing a massive concurrent recognition task, SR has a very high computational cost because every test sample has to seek to an optimal linear combination of all the training samples. To this end, we propose a novel method which can perform well without needing to seek a linear combination of all the training samples for every test sample. Our proposed method can be divided into two steps: the first step of the proposed method uses c-means clustering to categorize the test sets into c subsets and then calculates K nearest neighbors for each class centre from all the training samples. The second step represents test samples located in each subset as a linear combination of the according K nearest neighbors and uses representation result to perform ultimate classification. A large number of experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is promising.


ABSTRACT Drawing on the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm and the top management team (TMT) structural power framework, we investigate the relationship between Chief Information Officer (CIO) structural power and forward-looking firm performance. In addition, we examine the contingency roles of market turbulence, industry IT intensity, and operating efficiency in shaping the above relationship. Using a sample of 7,185 firm-year observations and a panel fixed-effects model, we find that CIO structural power is positively associated with forward-looking firm performance (proxied by Tobin's q). Further, our results suggest that the benefits of CIO structural power are higher under greater market turbulence, higher industry IT intensity, and greater operating efficiency. Our empirical results imply that the board of directors should consider endowing CIOs with a higher structural power, especially when an organization faces greater volatility in industry sales, competes in a more IT-intensive industry, and operates at a more efficient level. This research contributes to the RBV literature and integrates RBV and structural power frameworks to offer newer insights into the contemporary role of an important TMT member, the CIO.


Hybrid systems composed of living cells and nanomaterials have been attracting great interest in various fields of research ranging from materials science to biomedicine. In particular, the interfacing of noble metal nanoparticles and bacterial cells in a single architecture aims to generate hybrid systems that combine the unique physicochemical properties of the metals and biological attributes of the microbial cells. While the bacterial cells provide effector and scaffolding functions, the metallic component endows the hybrid system with multifunctional capabilities. This synergistic effort seeks to fabricate living materials with improved functions and new properties that surpass their individual components. Herein, we provide an overview of this research field and the strategies for obtaining hybrid systems, and we summarize recent biological applications, challenges and current prospects in this exciting new arena.


A versatile assessment technique used in classroom for quick and simple feedback is 'One-Minute paper'. It provides real-time feedback from class and enables the teacher to find out if students have recognized the main points in a class session. The objectives of the study were to employ one-minute paper for post-graduate students during a continuous medical education (CME) program lecture, to assess its effectiveness for achievement of objectives and learning ability of the students, to analyze the questioning pattern of the students for the topic and to obtain feedback on participant's perception on use of 'one-minute paper'. The study was employed for one-hour lecture in CME program for post-graduate students. One-Minute paper was employed for the topic 'Phenylketonuria'. The lecture was sub-divided into five components and the response sheet was designed accordingly. The delivery time for each component varied between 8 to 12 minutes. At the end of each component, 2 minutes was given for the participants to respond to two questions - what was the most important thing they learnt during this session and what important question remains unanswered? Analysis of response was carried out to know achievement of objectives, association of learning ability and questioning pattern. Response to the learning ability showed that 80 to 90% of the participants responded satisfactorily to all the components. Questioning pattern was least for component 3 of the lecture. Questioning skills showed that most questions were in stage 1, 4 and 5. Participants reflected that the use of 'one-minute paper' was thinking centered, engaged them throughout the topic and provided liberty for them to ask questions. One-minute paper is inexpensive, easy to use, and an instant assessment means, which reflects the achievement of learning objectives. It is a thinking centered assessment tool, which gives ample opportunity to the learner for active learning. Keywords : One-Minute paper; Questioning pattern; Questioning skills; Thinking centered


Israeli politics and policymaking reflect themes long imbedded in Jewish culture. The concepts of Chosen People and Promised Land, and their meaning in Christian as well as Jewish religious traditions, assure that Israel is perpetually in the international spotlight. They also impose a sense of distinctiveness on the Israeli population. Some Israelis trumpet their country's accomplishments with unrestrained superlatives. Social critics accuse Israel of having the worst of the world's conditions. In this they reflect another trait that seems to have been inherited from the ancients: the prophetic tradition of extreme self-criticism. In reality, much of what occurs in Israel is similar to what occurs in countries that share its characteristics: democracy, western culture, and an advanced level of economic development. Such an idea may seem bizarre alongside headlines about suicide bombings and the country's aggressive defensive posture. This misses what is normal about Israel. In Israel policymakers weigh benefits and costs of various options, and generally choose something moderate, just as they do elsewhere. But this reality does not dim the rhetoric of politics, where hyperbole frequently seems more evident than rational discourse. Sharkansky discusses three central issues in Israeli public affairs: religion, national security, and social policy. He describes how policymakers relate to these issue and themes. Major problems may not be solved, but they are managed in a way that is tolerable. It is in this trait that Israel resembles other western democracies. In sum, biblical themes affect Israel's political rhetoric more than they affect the way officials actually work out their problems. Pragmatic coping with worldly realities generally overcomes emotional expressions that convey ingredients of spirituality.


Pressure pulsation in the scroll compressor was analyzed with three dimensional FLIC (flow in cell) method which was a kind of finite volume method.
 In advance of analyses, the grid generation method for numerical analysis was established in the scroll compression chamber.
 According to compression progress, grids in compression chambers are transformed and each conservation quantity which transport through the grid boundary was adjusted by moving boundary velocity.
 The overset grid was used between compression chamber and discharge port.
 In the overset grids, grids nodes of the discharge port are not located in same points of the compression chamber grid nodes. In this case the conservation quantity on the boundary is interpolated between every adjacent grids. However, we simplified interpolation with treating the discharge port as one grid.
 Using this program, it is possible to predict the suction pressure pulsation, the compression pressure pulsation and the discharge pressure pulsation in the scroll.
 Finally the supercharging construction using the suction pressure pulsation was developed and it is confirmed the supercharging effect of the suction path shape and the suction path length experimentally.


The IBM POWER8™ processor was designed for high performance on traditional server workloads as well as big data, analytics, and cloud workloads. In this paper, we describe key performance features of the IBM POWER8 processor. These include hardware assists that allow the POWER8 processor to automatically adapt to changing workloads by dynamically monitoring and tuning itself, enhancements to hardware instrumentation for performance monitoring, and performance improvements for encryption, virtualization, and I/O. We also describe the performance characteristics of a wide variety of applications, and we present the results of these applications running on POWER8 processor-based systems compared with previous generations of IBM Power Systems™.


Coronary artery disease is a major problem worldwide causing 7.2 million deaths worldwide annually, resulting from vascular occlusion, myocardial infarction and its complications. Stent implantation is a percutaneous interventional procedure that mitigates vessel stenosis, providing mechanical support within the artery. However, stenting causes physical damage to the arterial wall. It is well accepted that a valuable route to reduce in-stent re-stenosis can be based on promoting cell response to nano-structured stainless steel (SS) surfaces such as, for example, by patterning nano-pits in SS. In this regard patterning by Focussed Ion-Beam (FIB) milling offers several advantages for flexible prototyping (i) practically any substrate material that is able to withstand high vacuum conditions of the microscope chamber can be used, (ii) there is high flexibility in the obtainable shapes and geometries by modulating the ion beam current and the patterning conditions, (iii) reduced complexity of the pattering process e.g. it is a single-step process with a possibility of real-time monitoring of the milling progression. On the other hand FIB patterning of polycrystalline metals is greatly influenced by channelling effects and re-deposition. Correlative microscopy methods present an opportunity to study such effects comprehensively and derive structure-property understanding that is important for developing improved pattering. In this report we present a FIB patterning protocol for nano-structuring features (concaves) ordered in rectangular arrays on pre-polished 316L Stainless Steel (SS) surfaces. An investigation based on correlative microscopy approach of the size, shape and depth of the developed arrays in relation to the crystal orientation of the underlying SS domains, is presented. The correlative microscopy protocol is based on cross-correlation of top-view Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).Various dose tests were performed, aiming at improved productivity by preserving nano-size accuracy of the patterned process. The optimal FIB patterning conditions for achieving reasonably high throughput (patterned rate of about 0.03 mm 2 per hour) and nano-size accuracy in dimensions and shapes of the features, are discussed as well.


urINg a brIef sojourN IN ParIs sometIme betweeN LeNt of 1139 aNd earLy 1140, bernard of Clairvaux (1090-1153), the famed Cistercian abbot, spiritual master, and ecclesiastical reformer addressed a group of scholars and student clerics on the theme of conversion. the tenor and substance of this appeal survives in revised and finished form in the Ad clericos de conversione, a "treatise in the form of a sermon" that shows Bernard's highly-refined rhetorical skills and legendary ability to persuade at their best.1 If this extended version is anything to judge by, the Doctor Mellifluus presented his receptive (but potentially critical) scholastic audience with challenging ideas and captivating images that deeply penetrated their hearts. so effective were his words that a large group of his listeners followed him from Paris to his monastery in Clairvaux, where they became novices and professed their vows as Cistercian monks one year later.2 the enormity and suddenness of this response was probably due, at least in part, to bernard's great sensitivity to the situation of his audience and to the care with which he laid out for them, step by step, the inner workings of his patented psychology of conversion. Also of great importance was the insightful and highly creative correlation he made between the process of conversion itself and the eight beatitudes from jesus' sermon on the mount (mt 5:3-10).


When I worked for the Manhattan District Attorney's Office in the early 1980s, criminal sentences were consistently and dramatically too lenient. Though those years marked the ebb tide for the rehabilitative ideal of punishment and indeterminate "zip-to-ten" sentences, only career felons and those convicted of the most serious crimes were candidates for the sentences they justly deserved. The problem was not all theoretical; the chief difficulty was the simple lack of custodial space. With the city jail at Riker's Island bulging at the seams and prison space upstate scarce, the situation could best be described as get-out-of-jail-free for all but the most dangerous offenders. Most people, however, were furious about crime and seemed to have collectively decided that they would do whatever was required to retake the streets, the parks, and the subways, almost all of which were hazardous after dark and some of which continued to be dangerous even during the day. This "get-tough" attitude towards crime matured shortly after Charles Bronson, as Paul Kersey in Death Wish, attempted to single-handedly eliminate crime from New York's streets. (1) Hamstrung by apparently silly rules of constitutional etiquette and bureaucratic sclerosis, the police were eclipsed in the mind of the public by the cold-blooded Everyman, bound only by the law of the jungle and some elusive sense of justice. (2) Ultimately, popular demand required greater sentences for career criminals, a corresponding increase in prison capacities, and more police officers patrolling the streets. I do not mean to criticize the results of the aggressive policies adopted during that period. But I do mean to argue that deterrence and incapacitation are not adequate bases for sentencing those convicted of crimes. Neither, ultimately, is rehabilitation. These goals may contribute to a sound account of punishment--they may be secondary aims of punishment--but none can, on its own, morally justify punishment. (3) Only retribution, a concept consistently misunderstood or entirely forgotten during the time I practiced criminal law, justifies punishing criminals. My aim in this paper is to present retribution as the morally justifying aim of punishment. The need to do so is well demonstrated by a dreary episode from my experience before a certain judge in the New York City Criminal Court. Also a professor at a local law school, this judge was known as a notoriously soft sentencer; indeed, he seemed to have missed his calling to either social work or psychoanalysis. Near the close of one particularly frustrating day in his courtroom, I recalled a principle of successful debate whereby one embraces the stated goals of the opposition and then explains that his proffered means are the best means to achieve those goals. Consequently, during sentencing, I argued that the best way to "help" this particular defendant was the distinctive way that criminal justice, insofar as it meant to "help" defendants at all, characteristically helped them: not by sending them to some bogus program, but by punishing them. The accused had incurred a debt to society which he had to repay. By punishing the defendant, the judge would set things right between him and the community. The judge said nothing, instead seemingly coming unstuck in time. His blank, uncomprehending stare struck me much as the empty look of a lobotomized bovine: vacant, confused, and unknowing. I had clearly gone beyond his experience, and beyond that of most sitting judges at that time. I suspect that many people fail to understand the concept of retribution even today. I. COMMON MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT RESTITUTION First, retribution is not lex talionis, the law of retaliation, or "an eye for an eye." (4) A few societies may have tried to apply such a norm literally, but I doubt that any has actually done so consistently. Rather, societies typically deprive criminals of human resources--time, limb, life, or money--which have no relation to the particular criminal harm. …


Chemical investigation of Streptomyces sp. KIB 015, an endophyte from the plant Panax notoginseng, led to the discovery of two novel labdane diterpenes, labdanmycins A (1) and B (2). In order to reveal the biosynthesis of labdanmycins, the genome of S. sp. KIB 015 was sequenced and a lab gene cluster encoding GGPP synthase, class II cyclase, class I cyclase, and cytochrome P450s was confirmed to be involved in labdanmycin biosynthesis by heterologous expression and gene inactivation experiments. Biogenetic precursor raimonol (3) was isolated from the gene labE inactivation mutant strain S. sp. KIB 015 ΔlabE, which suggested that P450 enzyme LabE is responsible for oxidizing the C-20 methyl group of 3 to an aldehyde or carbonyl group to afford 1 and 2. Additional two new labdane diterpenes (4 and 5) were also isolated from the mutant S. sp. KIB 015 ΔlabE. The chemical structures of 1–5 were elucidated on the basis of extensive NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses.


Vibration isolation systems based on hybrid electromagnets, consisting of electromagnet and permanent magnet, have a potential usage in many industrial areas, such as clean room design, transportation, semiconductor manufacturing, suspension systems, and robotic surgery due to providing mechanical contact free vibration isolation. Using permanent magnets in the electromagnet structure has some crucial advantages, such as a minimized volume and a more compact structure. Furthermore, the essential force for levitation of vibration isolation stage can be generated by only the permanent magnet(s), which means, by using hybrid electromagnets, magnetic levitation can be achieved with considerably low energy consumption against possible vibrations. This property is called zero-power behavior. However, the main problems of magnetic levitation process are as follows: it has highly nonlinear nature even if it can be linearized; it has unstable pole(s), which makes the system vulnerable in terms of stability. In recent years, linear matrix inequality-based design of controllers has received considerable attention and become very popular due to their ability to satisfy multiobjective design requirements. However, an observer-based H2 controller design for a vibration isolation system having hybrid electromagnets has not been considered yet. Therefore, the linear matrix inequality-based controller is employed to minimize the effect of disturbances on the following objectives, such as vibration isolation, zero-power property, and protection of the levitation gap. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown with the numerical simulation studies and compared with classical Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) approach.


A considerable amount of research has been devoted to the subject of attenuation of motion resulting from the geometrical and material dampings on soil medium. However, there are very few studies available on the effect of attenuation of rockmass at the moment. In this study, the loss of the amplitude (A) or energy vibration due to the geometrical and material dampings of Rayleigh waves were estimated by SASW method. The results of measurements were analyzed in the frequency domain and the attenuation characteristics of rockmass were studied in term of a frequency-independent attenuation coefficient (0), by applying Bornitz equation. The experimental curve is fitted to a corresponding theoretical curve, in order to obtain afrequency-independent attenuation coefficient (a). The aim of this survey is to characterize the attenuation coefficient of surface waves on rockmass, as a result of discontinuity spacing using the SASW method.


"This is an accessible and insightful book about how to achieve a successful academic career. Wise and witty, easy-to-apply, it presents advice and guidance on teaching, research and networking ...A much needed book." Dr Ming Cheng, Senior Research Fellow, the Centre for Learning and Teaching, University of Brighton, UK "All academic staff should get a copy of this book on day one as part of orientation! It is well written, practical and easy to read. I will use this book as a road map for my whole career." Dr Rhonda Clifford, Deputy Director, Division of Pharmacy, University of Western Australia, Australia "This is a book that is long overdue! While it will be particularly appealing to early career academic and should be recommended reading for all 'new academics', it will also have wider and broader appeal for all academic leaders and managers interested in building a culture of effective, engaged academics who can achieve their full career potential, and thereby contribute to the success of the institution." Professor Lorraine Stefani, Director, Centre for Academic Development, University of Auckland, New Zealand Are you looking to build a successful academic career? Written by an experienced author, this insightful handbook gives a comprehensive overview of academic work, from the starting point of seeking employment to moving into leadership roles. In today's competitive academic environment, you need to be able to operate strategically as a teacher, researcher and leader to establish yourself and progress. This book shows you how to take ownership of your career, build a strong support base and integrate regular evaluative and reflective practices to monitor the success of your career strategy. The book: Explains the broader higher education context and the way academics are assessed and evaluated Explores the key support strategies that can be accessed, including mentors and sponsors Includes practical checklists and tips on academic practices, including grant seeking, publishing, teaching, networking and managing research projects Examines critical issues such as dealing with difficult academic cultures and bullying


In this paper we study a hydrodynamic system describing two interacting fluids, which can be seen as a toy model to start an investigation on the so called two-fluid models arising in superfluidity and Bose-Einstein condensates at finite temperatures. We show global existence of finite energy weak solutions, by using a fractional step argument which combines the study of a Cauchy problem for an appropriate nonlinear Schrödinger equation and the polar factorisation techinque. The convergence of the sequence of approximate solutions is then proved by using the dispersive properties of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation.


Background and Hypothesis:  Component loosening and instability are the leading causes of revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of this study was to compare patient-reported outcomes after revision THA based on failure etiology. We hypothesized that outcomes would differ based on reason for revision.
Project Methods: 187 consecutive revision THAs performed between 2010 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Prospectively collected preoperative and minimum one-year Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score/HOOS Jr., UCLA Activity Level, WOMAC Index, and patient satisfaction were assessed based on failure etiology.  Demographic variables and covariates were accounted for including sex, age, BMI, ASA classification, heart disease, lumbar spine pathology, narcotic use, fibromyalgia, depression, and autoimmune arthritis.
Results: Latest UCLA activity level did not differ based on failure etiology (p=0.381). However, the degree of improvement in activity level was higher (p= 0.04) in patients revised for loosening, instability, and infection compared to ALTR and polyethylene wear. HOOS Jr (p=0.949) and WOMAC total (p=0.147) scores did not differ based on failure etiology at latest follow-up, although patients revised for loosening had greater WOMAC improvement compared to all other groups except polyethylene wear (p=0.016). Satisfaction did not vary based on failure etiology (p=0.365), and demographic and covariates were unrelated to outcomes (p[Symbol]0.165).
Conclusion and Potential Impact: We observed that patient-reported outcomes following revision THA vary based on revision reason and activity level improvement is mitigated patients revised for ALTR and poly wear.  These findings may help surgeons and patients alike set expectations for recovery following revision THA.


This article presents the simulation analysis on the effectiveness of impact reduction control based magneto-rheological elastomer isolator device (MREID). The MREID is one of the impact isolator devices that produce controllable stiffness by controlling the input current supply to the device coil. In order to control the input current for MREID, a hybrid control structure combining the skyhook and active force control strategy (HYSAFC) is proposed. Firstly, the characteristics of MREID in squeeze mode are investigated systematically in order to establish the relationship between the supply input current to the subsequent force and impact energy within the MREID. The proposed control strategy is used for force tracking control in determining the amount of input current to be applied to the MREID. The desired input current is determined by a current generator that is developed using inverse ANFIS technique which will regulate the current amount based on the desired force and impact energy. The effectiveness of the actively controlled MREID is evaluated using MATLAB simulations by comparing the performance of the MREID controlled by skyhook control against a passive damper. It is shows that the proposed controller recorded better response compared to skyhook controller, thus improving the stability and the effectiveness in controlling the MRE isolator device.


A fresh and stimulating analysis of the relationship between domestic and foreign policy in Russia before the First World War, now available in English for the first time. "By far the most perceptive, knowledgeable, and intelligent work on the last half century of imperial Russia in print."-Theodore H. Von Laue, Russian History "This important, tightly packed book ...analyzes the basic problems of Russian imperialism thoroughly and with enormous erudition...Scholars concerned with imperialism and Russian domestic and foreign problems will welcome this thought-provoking work."-David MacKenzie, American Historical Review "A convincing and important analysis of the mutual dependence of autocratic domestic and foreign politics...This book ought to be the occasion for a renewed and wide discussion of Russian imperialism and should give rise to further studies of the question."-Alan Kimball, Slavic Review "This is a remarkably good book. Good in many respects-quality of research and writing, breadth of view, command of the facts, balance and penetrating in judgment, familiarity with relevant theory...The book represents a revived and deepened historicism."-Paul W. Schroeder, Journal of Modern History "Geyer presents a detailed and integrated chronological analysis of the interaction between domestic and international developments under the last three Tsars."-Choice "In the historians' art of analytic synthesis he has no peer among specialists in Russian history."-Theodore H. Von Laue, Slavic Review


The principles of gallium arsenide diode lasers are described and the history of developments is sketched. The importance of threshold current density is emphasised and it is shown that confinement of carriers is improved in heterojunctions using gallium-aluminium inter-layers. The separate requirements for confining photons, on the one hand, and carriers on the other, are indicated and it is suggested that threshold current densities as low as 1000 amperes/sq cm are possible in double threshold structures. It is also pointed out that the thinnest active zones, requiring high outgoing photon densities, cannot readily be used because of rapid optical degradation


Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), caused by the PPR virus (PPRV), a Morbillivirus from the family Paramyxoviridae , is a well-recognised disease of small ruminants (Gibbs and others 1979) of exceptional importance in affected countries (OIE 2012). It also affects many species of wild small ruminants (Gur and Albayrak 2010), and was found to cause significant losses in captive wild hoofstock throughout the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in 2005/2006 and 2008/2009 (Kinne and others 2010). Such outbreaks might represent a significant extinction threat to valuable populations in the area. Because culling is not desirable, prophylactic approaches to disease protection, such as effective vaccination programmes are to be favoured.

Although a live attenuated vaccine has been shown to be protective in domestic small ruminants, (Diallo and others 1989), there are no documented reports of PPRV vaccine trials in exotic hoofstock. The purpose of this study was to investigate and document seroconversion in one species of wild ungulate, the Arabian oryx ( Oryx leucoryx ) in response to inoculation with a commercially available PPRV vaccine.

Fifteen healthy (based on physical exam and haematology) Arabian oryx from a private wildlife collection in Dubai, UAE (8 males; 7 females; 11–32 months old), were used in this study. For sampling, animals were restrained using a runway-drop chute system (Tamer; Fauna Research, USA) as described by O'Donovan and Bailey …


The reported psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related public health measures included a decline in cognitive functioning in older adults. Cognitive functioning is known to correlate with the lexical and syntactic complexity of an individual's linguistic productions. We examined written narratives from the CoSoWELL corpus (v 1.0), collected from over 1,000 U.S. and Canadian older adults (55+ y.o.) before and during the first year of the pandemic. We expected a decrease in the linguistic complexity of the narratives, given the oft-reported reduction in cognitive functioning associated with COVID-19. Contrary to this expectation, all measures of linguistic complexity showed a steady increase from the pre-pandemic level throughout the first year of the global lockdown. We discuss possible reasons for this boost in light of exiting theories of cognition and offer a speculative link between the finding and reports of increased creativity during the pandemic.


The majority of current research in Automated Essay Scoring (AES) focuses on prompt-specific scoring of either the overall quality of an essay or the quality with regards to certain traits. In real-world applications obtaining labelled data for a target essay prompt is often expensive or unfeasible, requiring the AES system to be able to perform well when predicting scores for essays from unseen prompts. As a result, some recent research has been dedicated to cross-prompt AES. However, this line of research has thus far only been concerned with holistic, overall scoring, with no exploration into the scoring of different traits. As users of AES systems often require feedback with regards to different aspects of their writing, trait scoring is a necessary component of an effective AES system. Therefore, to address this need, we introduce a new task named Automated Cross-prompt Scoring of Essay Traits, which requires the model to be trained solely on non-target-prompt essays and to predict the holistic, overall score as well as scores for a number of specific traits for target-prompt essays. This task challenges the model's ability to generalize in order to score essays from a novel domain as well as its ability to represent the quality of essays from multiple different aspects. In addition, we introduce a new, innovative approach which builds on top of a state-of-the-art method for cross-prompt AES. Our method utilizes a trait-attention mechanism and a multi-task architecture that leverages the relationships between each trait to simultaneously predict the overall score and the score of each individual trait. We conduct extensive experiments on the widely used ASAP and ASAP++ datasets and demonstrate that our approach is able to outperform leading prompt-specific trait scoring and cross-prompt AES methods.


A novel isocratic reverse phase liquid chromatography method for determination of Asenapine Maleate was developed and validated after optimization of various chromatographic conditions.A Hiber C18, 5 μm column having 250×4.6 mm i.d., with mobile phase containing 0.05 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate : acetonitrile (60:40, v/v, pH 2.7 adjusted with 1% o-phosphoric acid) was used. The flow rate was 1.0 mL min and effluents were monitored at 270 nm. The retention time of asenapine was 4.2min. The linearity for Asenapine maleate was in the range of 0-150 μg mLwith coefficient of correlation 0.999. The proposed method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness.


We demonstrate coherent control of time domain ferromagnetic resonance by all electrical excitation and detection. Using two ultrashort magnetic field steps with variable time delay we control the induction decay in yttrium iron garnet (YIG). By setting suitable delay times between the two steps the precession of the magnetization can either be enhanced or completely stopped. The method allows for a determination of the precession frequency within a few precession periods and with an accuracy much higher than can be achieved using fast fourier transformation. Moreover it holds the promise to massively increase precession amplitudes in pulsed inductive microwave magnetometry (PIMM) using low amplitude finite pulse trains. Our experiments are supported by micromagnetic simulations which nicely confirm the experimental results.


Interference aligment in cognitive radio networks has recently been studied in the literature to improve the system performance. This paper investigates the performance of interference alignment based cognitive radio network under interference leakage. The closed-form mathematical expressions of the average data rate and the outage probabilty are derived under the interference leakage of the secondary network users on the primary network. The theoretical analyses for wireless communication channel is presented considering with different signal to noise ratio values under Rayleigh fading channel.


This paper re-evaluates certain core understandings of Hindu nationalism in Britain through the analysis of a disputed 2006 art exhibition in London. It considers the two main protagonists objecting to the M. F. Husain show: the representative umbrella organisation, the Hindu Forum of Britain, and the web- and protest-based group, Hindu Human Rights. In particular, the paper considers the relationship between these groups, the government, and the Hindu nationalist movement in India. The central role played by performative tropes of outrage and offence in the public representation of Hinduism is explored. It is argued that a reconceptualisation of diasporic Hindutva is required. Firstly, whilst still connected to India in various ways, Hindu nationalism in Britain has outgrown the institutional and ideological boundaries of the Sangh Parivar. It is proposed that these idiosyncratic inflections of transnational Hindutva might be termed 'neo-Hindutva'. Secondly, it is suggested that the M. F. Husain protests, and subsequent activities of the Hindu Forum, indicate that Hindutva has become mainstreamed and normalised in the UK. Whilst elements of this narrative are distinctly domestic, we must also understand the transnational context which is intrinsically linked, discursively and practically, to India.


During the month of January you have received from the Central Office of the American Academy of Pediatrics, two books that we believe will be of great value to you if properly used.
 The first of these is a Fellowship list for 1962, which gives the alphabetical and geographic listing of all of the Fellows of the Academy. It also contains a list of the officers, the District and State Chairmen and the National Committee Members, Liaison Representatives to National Organizations, and, at the end of the book, a copy of our Constitution and By-laws.
 Since all the Fellows listed herein have met the basic requirements for Fellowship in the Academy, this directory may be used with confidence in the referring of patients who have moved from one area to another. The Central Office deserves great credit for the speed and accuracy with which it prepares this valuable list and places it in the hands of the membership.
 The other book is entitled "Annual Reports of Committee and Liaison Representatives."
 This compilation of the annual reports of all of our National Committees and of our Liaison Representatives was first made available to the membership in 1957 and has been sent out annually ever since.
 In it you will find not only the usual succinct, factual, and extremely informative reports of the Executive Director and the Secretary but also the reports of 17 National Committees, 6 Section Committees, and 22 Liaison Representatives.
 These reports are of importance and great inteest not only to the more than 250 Fellows of the Academy whose work as Committee members and Liaison Representatives made them possible, but also to the more than 6,000 others in whose name this work was done.


Complaints of diminished hearing or reduced speech discrimination frequently accompany temporomandibular dysfunction. There is no consensus as to the mechanism of their occurrence or the alteration of these symptoms with the treatment. We studied 12 subjects with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (treated surgically) and nine subjects with myofascial pain disorder (treated medically), and we found no difference between the groups in pretreatment audiometric findings or in their degree of otologic symptoms. Similarly, there were no differences in posttreatment audiometric measures and there were no significant treatment effects. Furthermore, there was no correlation between subjects' complaints of reduced hearing sensitivity or discrimination and audiometric results. The apparently significant reduction in symptoms experienced by some subjects in the absence of audiometric change suggests the operation of unmeasured factors in their response to treatment.


This case is intended for use by undergraduate students studying agricultural economics, agribusiness, animal science, or food science. Junior level class standing, or higher, would be beneficial. The learning outcomes sought from this case are for students to: (1) distinguish between a commodity marketing system versus a vertically integrated brand; (2) understand the first-mover advantages that have been realized by CAB; and (3) understand the problem of Angus confusion and then explore its possible solutions. A teaching note associated with this case expands upon the above. The note incorporates an excel-formatted data set. With this information, the case can be customized by the professor for use as an exercise; therefore making the case suitable for use in a quantitative analysis class in agricultural economics.


When I learned about a concerted campaign against Australian vaccination critics, I decided to intervene in the debate. As a result, some proponents of vaccination turned on me, making abusive comments and complaining to university officials. At several points in this experience, I had to make choices about how to intervene or respond. STS perspectives offered valuable insights for understanding the dynamics of the controversy but provided little guidance for making decisions. Some reasons are offered for why STS lacks tools for guiding practical action in such situations.


Abstract. Nowadays, the study of the upper atmosphere is increasing, mostly because of
the need to understand the patterns of Earth's atmosphere. Since studies on
global warming have become very important for the development of new
technologies, understanding all regions of the atmosphere becomes an
unavoidable task. In this paper, we aim to analyze the temperature
variability and its trend in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT)
region during a period of 12 years (from 2003 to 2014). For this purpose,
three different heights, i.e., 85, 90 and 95 km, were focused on in order to
investigate the upper atmosphere, and a geographic region different to other
studies was chosen, in the southern region of Brazil, centered in the city of
Santa Maria, RS (29 ∘ 41 ′ 02 ′′  S; 53 ∘ 48 ′ 25 ′′  W). In
order to reach the objectives of this work, temperature data from the SABER
instrument (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry),
aboard NASA's Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics Dynamics (TIMED)
satellite, were used. Finally, two cases were studied related to distinct
grids of latitude/longitude used to obtain the mean temperature profiles. The
first case considered a grid of 20 ∘ ×  20 ∘ lat/long,
centered in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. In the second case, the region was
reduced to a size of 15 ∘ ×  15 ∘ in order to compare
the results and discuss the two cases in terms of differences or similarities
in temperature trends. Observations show that the size of the geographical
area used for the average temperature profiles can influence the results of
variability and trend of the temperature. In addition, reducing the time
duration of analyses from 24 to 12 h a day also influences the trend
significantly. For the smaller geographical region
(15 ∘ ×  15 ∘ ) and the 12 h daily time window
(09:00–21:00 UT) it was found that the main contributions for the
temperature variability at the three heights were the annual and semi-annual
cycles and the solar flux influence. A smaller trend
( − 0.02  ±  0.16 % decade −1 ) was found at 90 km height and
small positive trends (0.58  ±  0.26 % and
0.41  ±  0.19 % decade −1 ) were found at altitudes of 85 and
95 km, respectively.. Keywords. Atmospheric composition and structure (middle atmosphere – composition and chemistry; pressure, density, and temperature) – meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (climatology)


In the high-dimensional sparse modeling literature, it has been crucially assumed that the sparsity structure of the model is homogeneous over the entire population. That is, the identities of important regressors are invariant across the population and across the individuals in the collected sample. In practice, however, the sparsity structure may not always be invariant in the population, due to heterogeneity across different sub-populations. We consider a general, possibly non-smooth M-estimation framework, allowing a possible structural change regarding the identities of important regressors in the population. Our penalized M-estimator not only selects covariates but also discriminates between a model with homogeneous sparsity and a model with a structural change in sparsity. As a result, it is not necessary to know or pretest whether the structural change is present, or where it occurs. We derive asymptotic bounds on the estimation loss of the penalized M-estimators, and achieve the oracle properties. We also show that when there is a structural change, the estimator of the threshold parameter is super-consistent. If the signal is relatively strong, the rates of convergence can be further improved and asymptotic distributional properties of the estimators including the threshold estimator can be established using an adaptive penalization. The proposed methods are then applied to quantile regression and logistic regression models and are illustrated via Monte Carlo experiments.


In silico analysis of amino acid sequences of some aromatic and aliphatic microbial nitrilases for certain physiochemical properties and specificity to aromatic or aliphatic nitriles has been done. The multiple sequence alignment analysis of amino acid sequences has shown clear differences between aromatic and aliphatic nitrilases in terms of position specific presence of conserved amino acid. Statistical analysis of most of the physiochemical parameters did not show any clear distinction between the two nitrilases. In aromatic nitrilases the conserved amino acid residues besides active site domain triad (Glu, Lys, Cys) were His-129, Asn-168 and Arg-174 and these were replaced by Arg-129, His -168 and Lys-174 in aliphatic nitrilases. The physiochemical properties of these two groups of nitrilases also differed e.g. as compared to aliphatic nitrilases, aromatic nitrilases have lesser number of amino acid residues, lower molecular mass, higher pI values, higher content of Ala and Cys residues.


As in many disciplines, technological developments are followed in order to keep up with the digital age in education-teaching processes. With the developing technology, new approaches and trends in education and training are emerging. In order to educate individuals who can read and write entrepreneurship and technology appropriate for 21st century skills, different education systems have been emerged. One of them is Lego-Based educational robotic applications. The aim of this study is to reveal the effects of Lego-based educational applications on students' spatial visualization and mental rotation skills. Research was conducted on 6th grade students at a private school in Amasya, Turkey, within the scope of information technologies courses. The research was conducted pre-test post-test with control group quasi-experimental design and 26 students participated. At the end of the study, there were differences in the measured variables between the groups. At the same time, there were statistically significant differences in mental rotation performance of students who took the course with Lego-based educational applications. Moreover, results show that there is significant difference between groups in spatial visualization skills of the students in favor of experimental group. In light of the findings of the study, it is recommended that this study conducted on different levels of student groups for longer periods.


This study is focused on the synthesis of chromate anion imprinted sorbent supported on silica gel for nonchromatographic Cr speciation in surface waters. The preparation procedure is based on grafting of 3-methyl-1-trimethoxysilylpropylimidazolium, preliminarily coordinated to CrO$_{4}^{2-}$ as a template ion, onto the surface of silica gel. Sorption and desorption characteristics of surface-imprinted sorbent toward Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were examined by batch solid-phase extraction. An excellent separation of Cr(VI), selectively retained on the sorbent, from Cr(III) remained in the solution, was achieved at pH 2-3 for 20 min. A freshly prepared mixture of ascorbic acid and nitric acid was selected as the most efficient eluent for quantitative desorption of the retained Cr(VI). An analytical procedure for Cr speciation in surface waters was developed and validated through analysis of certified reference materials. Detection limits achieved and relative standard deviations for typical concentration levels of Cr(VI) in surface waters matched the requirements of analytical procedures used in monitoring programs.


In this paper we describe the concept, design, and implementation of Murmur, an interactive kinetic display made of one hundred computer CPU fans. Murmur responds to sound input from its environment via embedded microphones to produce patterns on a reactive surface. The reactive surface consists of hinged paper pieces situated in front of each fan. When activated by sonic elements in the environment, including sounds intentionally generated by an interactor, Murmur responds by turning on and off its fans in a sequence. The wind pressure generated by the movement of the fans stimulates the surface, forcing the paper up and out to create a variety of dynamic patterns. Each pattern represents characteristics of the sonic environment. We also analyze the feedback received from the interactors and discuss the possible ways of making the interaction more immersive.


dent on an angiogenic process that probably involves vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Expressions of mRNA coding for the different forms of VEGF were analyzed in surgical specimens from human astrocytomas. Low levels of placental growth factor (PGF) and VEGFC mRNA were observed in polymerase chain reaction, but not in Northern blot experiments. VEGF mRNA was found in some but not all grade and grade IV astrocytomas. VEGFB mRNA was observed in all tissue samples analyzed irrespective of the tumor grade. A new splice variant of VEGFB (VEGFB155) that lacks exons 5 and 6 is described. Expressions of VEGF mRNA in cultured glioblastomas cells were upregulated by hypoxia, but the sensitivity of the cells to hypoxia was reduced as compared with normal rat astrocytes. VEGF expression was depressed by dexamethasone. Expressions of VEGFB mRNA were affected neither by hypoxia nor by dexamethasone. The results indicate a coexpression of VEGF mRNA and VEGFB mRNA in human astrocytomas. Expression of VEGFB is markedly different from that of VEGF. Possible roles of VEGFB as a cofactor for hypoxia-induced angiogenesis in human astrocytomas are discussed. Neuro-Oncology 2, 80-86, 2000 (Posted to Neuro-Oncology [serial online], Doc. 99-33, March 7, 2000. URL <neuro-oncology.mc.duke.edu>)


The transformation of normal urothelium into histologically different neoplastic states has been well characterized, and current clinical management of both superficial and invasive bladder cancer has benefited from recent scientific discoveries. The ability to define novel treatment strategies including surgical, chemotherapeutic, and gene therapies relies on our understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying human bladder carcinogenesis. Many in vitro culture systems and in vivo animal models have been developed over recent years, which have been used to define key molecular events that are associated with the development of bladder cancer. The biological pathways through which normal urothelium may progress to superficial or invasive disease will be discussed in the framework of recent advances in the field.


In 1997, Ontario implemented a competitive bidding process for purchasing home care services, with the twin objectives of lowering costs and increasing service quality. The authors of this study performed regression analyses to ascertain the relationship between measures of competition, profit status of providers and nursing wages for community-based RNs and LPNs between 1995/1996 and 2000/2001. Using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index as a measure of competition, we observed that only RN wages significantly increased as competition in home care increased. Furthermore, for-profit agencies paid significantly lower RN wages than their not-for-profit counterparts. By contrast, LPN wages declined over the sample period and did not differ markedly across provider types. The relative distribution of for-profit and not-for-profit agencies changed dramatically over the study period, with large increases in the number and volume of for-profit contracts. The results indicate that (a) greater competition in the home care sector resulted in upward pressure on RN wages independent of the profit status of the provider and (b) the increase appears to have been constrained by the increased presence of for-profit providers over the study period. The results highlight the role of profit status in provider behaviour, even in the context of publicly funded home care services. This finding has implications for both provider mix and the remuneration of nurses.


The EURopean Illicit TRAfficing Countermeasures Kit project is part of the 6th European Union Framework Program, and aims at developing a neutron inspection system for detecting threat materials (explosives, drugs, etc.) in cargo containers. Neutron interaction in the container produces specific gamma-rays used to determine the chemical composition of the inspected material. An associated particle sealed tube neutron generator is developed to allow precise location of the interaction point by direction and time-of-flight measurements of the neutrons tagged by alpha-particles. The EURITRACK project consists in developing: a transportable deuterium-tritium neutron generator including a position sensitive alpha detector (8×8 matrix of YAP:Ce crystals coupled to a multi-anode photomultiplier), fast neutron and gamma-ray detectors, front-end electronics to perform coincidence and spectroscopic measurements, and an integrated software which manages neutron generator and detectors positioning, data acquisition and analysis. Hardware components have been developed and tested by the consortium partners. Current status of this work and provisional performances of the system assessed by Monte Carlo calculations are presented.


The question of using the mean squared error (MSE) measure as a quality criterion in image processing is addressed. The MSE was evaluated as a measure of perceived similarity between an original and processed picture by comparing computed MSE values with similarity judgements. In addition, several other measures that weighted the error in accordance with assumed properties of the visual system were studied. The results obtained indicated that MSE is not very valid as a quality criterion for pictures reproduced for human viewing and the improved measures could be derived by weighting the error in accordance with assumed properties of the visual system. However, none of the tested measures were valid for all kinds of pictures. Thus picture properties also had to be incorporated in subjective error measures.


Little is known about how patients make the critical decision of choosing a transplant center. In the United States, acceptance criteria, waiting times, and mortality vary significantly by geography and center. We sought to understand patients' experiences and perspectives when selecting transplant centers. We included 82 kidney transplant patients in 20 semi‐structured interviews, nine focus groups with local candidates, and three focus groups with national recipients. Sites included two local transplant centers in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and national recipients from across the United States. Transcripts were analyzed by two researchers using a thematic analysis. Several themes emerged related to priorities and barriers when choosing a center. Patients were often unfamiliar with options, even with multiple local centers. Patients described being referred to a specific center by a trusted provider. Patients prioritized perceived reputation, comfort, and convenience. Insurance coverage was both a source of information and a barrier to options. Patients underestimated differences across centers and the effects on being waitlisted and receiving a transplant. Barriers in decision making included an overwhelming scope of information and difficulty locating information relevant to patients with unique medical needs. Informed decisions could be improved by the dissemination of understandable information better tailored to individual patient needs.


Author(s): Li, Kun | Advisor(s): Chang-Hasnain, Constance J. | Abstract: Integrated optoelectronics has demonstrated its great potential in numerous fields. In the past decade, its applications have rapidly expanded from the conventional long-haul optical communication to emerging areas such as data center, consumer electronics, energy harnessing, environmental sensing, and biological imaging. This revolutionary progress benefits from the advancement in light generation, manipulation, detection and its interaction with other systems. Device innovation is the key in this advancement. My dissertation discusses this innovation from two aspects: the integration of nanomaterials and the incorporation of metastructures in optoelectronic devices. The first topic focuses on material integration to facilitate on-chip optoelectronic devices. As microprocessors become progressively faster, chip-scale data transport has turned progressively more challenging. Optical interconnects for inter- and intra-chip communications are required to reduce power consumption and increase bandwidth. Integrating III-V compound semiconductors with superior optical proficiencies onto the silicon-based microelectronic backbone can pave the way towards a highly compact optoelectronic platform, combing the strengths of both materials. The direct growth of III-V micropillars on silicon substrate in the unique growth mode and under CMOS-compatible condition can yield single-crystal structures in sizes exceeding lattice-mismatched critical dimensions. These micropillars overcome the drawbacks of conventional nanowires, thus are endued with superior optical characteristics for on-chip lasers, photodetectors, and cost-effective solar cells. I will discuss the optical characterization of InP micropillars directly grown on silicon, and the optimization of their optical properties. The excellent material quality and device performance of these InP micropillars show promise for a variety of integrated optoelectronic devices. The second topic centers at the function integration enabled by high-contrast subwavelength grating (HCG), on the platform of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). VCSELs are key light sources in integrated optoelectronics, with the advantages of low power consumption, low packaging cost, and ease of fabrication into arrays for wafer-scale testing. Mode-hop-free, fast and widely tunable VCSELs are also an ideal candidate for the emerging swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) as well as light detection and ranging (LiDAR) applications. I will investigate how HCG, an ultrathin monolithic layer of sub-wavelength metastructure, can function as a highly reflective broadband mirror to facilitate lasing of VCSEL. Widely tunable HCG-VCSELs emitting at 1060-nm are demonstrated, a prevalent light source in SS-OCT for 3D eye imaging. Besides functioning as a tunable mirror, the HCG can also be designed as an integrated beam-shaping element at the same time. The rich properties and the large design space of HCG enable direct tailoring of the output beam features of VCSELs, such as transverse-mode control and far-field emission patterning with angular and spatial modulations by HCG. This opens new avenues for direct laser beam shaping with a monolithic optical element for integrated optoelectronics.


Verifiable Searchable Symmetric Encryption, as an important cloud security technique, allows users to retrieve the encrypted data from the cloud through keywords and verify the validity of the returned results. Dynamic update for cloud data is one of the most common and fundamental requirements for data owners in such schemes. To the best of our knowledge, the existing verifiable SSE schemes supporting data dynamic update are all based on asymmetric-key cryptography verification, which involves time-consuming operations. The overhead of verification may become a significant burden due to the sheer amount of cloud data. Therefore, how to achieve keyword search over dynamic encrypted cloud data with efficient verification is a critical unsolved problem. To address this problem, we explore achieving keyword search over dynamic encrypted cloud data with symmetric-key based verification and propose a practical scheme in this paper. In order to support the efficient verification of dynamic data, we design a novel Accumulative Authentication Tag (AAT) based on the symmetric-key cryptography to generate an authentication tag for each keyword. Benefiting from the accumulation property of our designed AAT, the authentication tag can be conveniently updated when dynamic operations on cloud data occur. In order to achieve efficient data update, we design a new secure index composed by a search table ST based on the orthogonal list and a verification list VL containing AATs. Owing to the connectivity and the flexibility of ST, the update efficiency can be significantly improved. The security analysis and the performance evaluation results show that the proposed scheme is secure and efficient.


Background The factors associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are not completely clear. Some studies have shown that patients with a narrow intercondylar notch have a predisposition for ACL tears. Purpose To determine the relationship between the α angle and intercondylar notch width measurements and ACL tears. Study Design Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods A total of 530 patients (308 with ACL rupture, 222 with healthy ACLs) were included in this study. The α angle and intercondylar width were measured from magnetic resonance images (MRIs). Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the influence of the variables on ACL status (normal or torn). Odds ratios (ORs) and their respective 95% CIs were also calculated. Results No significant differences in patient age and the affected knee were found between patients with normal or torn ACLs. The mean α angle was higher in patients with a torn ACL than in those with an intact one (57.5° ± 5.5° vs 56.2° ± 4.5°; P = .009). Intercondylar width was significantly lower in patients with a torn ACL than in those with an intact one (18.2 ± 3.1 vs 19.5 ± 3.6 mm; P < .001). A highly significant difference between men and women was found for mean intercondylar notch width (19.3 ± 3.3 vs 17.4 ± 3.1 mm; P < .001). In a logistic regression model, sex, intercondylar width, and α angle were statistically significant when adjusted for age. Conclusion Study results suggest that the ACL tears are associated with a narrow intercondylar notch and a high α angle, and that tears occur more frequently in men than in women. Clinical Relevance The model proposed in this study could be used by the physician in the medical office as a tool to identify the risk factors that may predispose a patient for a potential ACL tear.


This prospective cohort study was conducted at the Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka during January 2003 to December 2005. Thirty patients with locally advanced stage III and stage IV squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck were treated with a short course palliative radiotherapy (30 Gray in 10 fractions over 2 weeks). All (100%) patients with pain and 90% of patients with dysphagia, dyspnoea and disturbed sleep had greater than 50% relief in symptoms after radiotherapy. Dysphonia and cough were satisfactorily relieved in more than 60% of cases. Eight of 30 lesions in this study had complete response; 14 lesions had a partial response; 4 lesions had no response; 2 lesions progressed under treatment. Response could not be assessed in two patients. Acute and late reactions were acceptable. After palliative radiotherapy 8(27%) patients were eligible for dose escalation and received further radiotherapy upto radical dose equivalent. It was concluded that short course palliative radiotherapy regimen evaluated is an effective treatment modality for sustained symptoms relief with good response rates and acceptable toxicity in locally advanced head-neck cancer. Key words: Palliation; radiotherapy; short course; head and neck cancer. DOI: 10.3329/jafmc.v6i1.5986 Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh Vol.6(1) 2010 p.16-20


Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between cord arterial blood gas (ABG) indices and early neonatal complications in neonates born with fetal distress and also the threshold level of measured values for the risk assessment of complications. Materials and Methods: 221 mothers with fetal distress who met our inclusion criteria participated in this 12 month cross-sectional study in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences from 2015 to 2016 . Blood samples were taken from umbilical artery of the neonates after birth. Early perinatal complications and their association with PH and BE at birth and 8 hours later and also the diagnostic values of the afore mentioned values were evaluated. Results: 221 pregnant mothers at 37-41 weeks of gestation (mean gestational age of 38 weeks and 4 days) who had developed fetal distress during hospitalization were entered into the study. Seizure (p<0/01), jaundice (p<0/015), gasterointestrinal complication (p<0/01) ,NICU haspitalization ≥ 1 week (p< 0/001) were significantly higher in the neonates with PH<7/2. Seizure (p<0/01), gastero intestinal complication ( p=0/049). NICU hospitalization ≥ 1 weak (p<0/001) were significantly higher in the neonates with BE < -14. The highest diagnostic accuracy rates for respiratory complications (85%) was related to BE measured 8 hours after birth. The highest diagnostic accuracy rates for seizure (88%) and gastrointestinal (77%) complications were related to PH measured 8 hours after birth. But for renal complications (82%) and jaundice (60%) it was associated with PH at birth. Conclusion: PH and BE can be used as reliable predictors for some early neonatal complications.


SUMMARY: Thiamin-grown cells of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis exhibited decreased activity of NAD-linked glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD-GDH) and, in contrast, increased activity of NADP-linked glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP-GDH), as compared with control cells. Normal levels of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activities were restored by adding pyridoxine. δ-Aminolaevulinate also prevented the thiamin-induced decrease in NAD-GDH activity, but had no effect on the increase in NADP-GDH activity. NAD-GDH activity was decreased similarly under anaerobic conditions, but NADP-GDH activity was little affected. High concentrations of glucose brought about a decrease in NAD-GDH activity and an increase in NADP-GDH activity, as observed in the thiamin-grown cells. When glycerol was used as carbon source in place of glucose, the thiamin effect on GDH activities was not marked. These results suggest that GDH enzymes are independently controlled by thiamin. NAD-GDH activity is decreased mainly through the thiamin-induced respiratory deficiency, and the increase in NADP-GDH activity is due to the thiamin-enhanced glucose effect. Amino acid metabolism seemed not to be involved in the thiamin effect on GDH activities since the intracellular pools of NH4
+ and glutamate were not altered by thiamin. The activities of glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase were not influenced greatly by thiamin, unlike the activity of δ-aminolaevulinate synthase.


While there have been very few national surveys of American Jews, two that we do have are from the same period, 2000–01. They were conducted by different researchers using different sampling methods. Known as the NJPS and the AJIS, these surveys are now available as public-use datasets, but they have not yet been systematically compared. This paper first describes what modifications in sample composition must be made to meaningfully compare the surveys' results. Then it reviews basic demographic and cultural orientations of respondents; on most measures, the samples are quite similar. The paper stresses that both surveys can be thought of as samples of Americans of recent Jewish origin; and in both surveys, a large minority of people have both Jewish and non-Jewish origins (typically as the products of parental intermarriage). Many of these respondents do not report themselves Jewish by religion; indeed, many declare that they are Christians. One notable feature of the surveys is that the AJIS sample includes modestly more people of Jewish origin who do not identify themselves as Jewish by religion today. The paper concludes by urging the importance of asking all respondents who did not declare themselves Jewish by religion the question, "Do you consider yourself Jewish in any way?"


Nuclear genotype, growth phase, and the presence of metal ions all proved to be important in controlling the lethal effects of phleomycin in eukaryotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Among 120 normal and radiation-sensitive strains compared for their sensitivities to lethal effects of phleomycin, all mutant strains exhibiting enhanced sensitivities to phleomycin killing were also sensitive to killing by ionizing radiation. Mutants exhibiting sensitivities to phleomycin similar to normal strains of the same ploidy were sensitive to ultraviolet radiation. We conclude that cellular recovery from phleomycin-induced damage in yeast depends upon the function of some or all of 13 independent genes and upon at least some of the same steps in cellular pathways for the biological repair of damage by ionizing radiation. In this respect, the action of phleomycin is similar to the action of its structurally similar analog, bleomycin, even though phleomycin was substantially more cytotoxic. Stationary-phase haploid yeast cells were more sensitive than exponentially growing cells to killing by phleomycin. Survival of stationary-phase yeast was reduced to 0.3 +/- 0.07% (S.E.) after 20-min exposures to phleomycin (1 microgram/ml; approximately 6.7 x 10(-7) M), but lethal effects of phleomycin were completely eradicated (98% survival) by the presence of 0.05 M ethylenediaminetetraacetate during the treatment period. The inactivation indicates an important role for one or more metal ion(s) in the in vivo toxicity of the phleomycin-bleomycin group of anticancer antibiotics.


ERP-Enterprise Resource Planning is an advanced management tool, which can provide effective service for enterprise purchasing manufacturing, marketing and goods circulation etc. The fast changes of market and drastic competition between enterprises request ERP system can support enterprise Business Process Reengineering and reconstructed business process. This paper analyzes the disadvantages of traditional ERP system, the request of Business Process Reengineering, then brings forward a workflow based method for analyzing, building, developing and executing ERP system. The research of this thesis is built on J2EE application platform, the application model, component implementing and work mechanism of workflow in ERP system.


Electro Mobility (eMobility) involves deploying Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and electric technologies in vehicles to enable electric propulsion of vehicles referred to as Electric Vehicles (EVs). EVs are key infrastructure for achieving a sustainable energy future since EV usage can support in achieving CO2 reduction. However, the deployment of EVs for eMobility is highly dependent on data integration of mobility solutions from different stakeholders involved in urban transportation. Respectively, data integration from different mobility services will result to cost reduction and create valued added services to citizens. Therefore, there is need to achieve data integration not only for physical systems but for all domains in providing mobility related services that can be synergically applied to citizens and stakeholders in order to develop innovative solutions at district and urban level. Therefore, this study adopts Enterprise Architecture (EA) for digital transformations of eMobility services for sustainable transportation. Action research methodology was employed and secondary data from the literature was presented in the industrial data space reference architecture to initially validate digital transformation of electro mobility. Findings from this study reveal that EA support digital transformation of eMobility in managing data integration to support cities to implement sustainable transportation services.