Abstract. Effective map use in the field is based on orientation in two spaces: in a physical or geographical space and in a representational, graphic space. When using a map the wayfinding process includes the identification of the user's geographical position in the field (starting point), the identification of the target and planning the route's connecting the two points. However, the initial direction of the user is very rarely the orientation of the map, so the problem of navigation with maps is the translation of the representational space into the user's actual situation. In other words, the projected or actual movement path during navigation must be transformed from one reference frame to the other. Spatial reference frame is a key issue in cartography and geovisualization. The transformation of the human subjects' body-centred, egocentric reference system into an object-centred, allocentric reference system is a complex task. Maps are cognitive tools, traditionally representing large configurational spaces in visual, graphic form (Torok 2019). They offer computational advantage over internal, human memory representation, organized into smaller spatial units. Apart from personal experience, learning from maps is a common practice (Meilinger et al. 2015). Supported by ubiquitous map services, prior to visiting unfamiliar places people consult maps to familiarize themselves, and this spatial learning results in memory structures with map-oriented reference frames. In modern societies the massive use of cartographic visualization in spatial thinking underlines the importance of modern cognitive cartographic research, resulting in new insights and consequences well beyond topographic map use (Zentai et al. 2006). Learning from maps influence the structure of the cognitive map. Increasing map use in modern information societies has strong effects on all spatial aspects of the human mind. Recent geo-visualizations, most importantly mobile navigational applications display maps with dynamic, head-up orientation and support the user by turn-by-turn voice navigation. Unfortunately, this practice does not support survey knowledge acquisition, cognitive map building and spatial memory training. The negative effect is decreasing navigational, or more generally spatial, ability of users of GPS navigational services. While the change of reference frame demands higher memory load for the human brain, the cost is compensated by the maintenance and development of human cognitive abilities. The North-is-up reference frame on cartographic maps is actually a rather modern cultural convention. However, we can trace its origin back to the astronomical-geometrical worldview of ancient Greek cosmology. The priority of north was adopted by Hellenic geography and became a classic tradition after the rediscovery of the 2nd c. work, a manual on making a map of the world by Ptolemy. He described the construction of the map in a geometric reference frame, in a north-oriented geographical coordinate system. Map making based on this new concept of geometric space had substantial influence on human spatial thinking from the Renaissance period on. Modern cartography is an Enlightenment project, and from the 19th century maps became common objects in European societies. In the 20th century cartographers and generations of map users were trained in geography with north-oriented maps, atlases – even globes were displayed with north on top. The representational history of cities in European cartography a case where cognitive cartographic issues strongly influenced cartographic practice and the importance of different reference frames is demonstrative. The modern city view as a new genre appears in the late 15th century and cities views were already popular at the time the Nuremberg Chronicle was printed with numerous illustrations (1493). However, how it is perhaps best exemplified by Sebastian Munster's German Cosmography (from 1544) while maps were oriented north or south, the cities were given in perspective. In the Chronicle Buda, the capital of the Kingdom of Hungary, is represented from the east, while Munster included another woodcut, a view of the city from the south. After the long period of the Turkish occupation new representations of the former Hungarian capital were constructed by military engineers in connection with the siege of Buda (1686), representing the campaign's target from military point of view. The cities Buda and Pest, stretching along the Danube, even in the 19th century they were represented with the river as a horizontal axis in landscape format views and maps. The significant change of the orientation of the city maps is the late 19th century, more specifically the period when topographic maps of the third military survey of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy became available. From this time on the historic material demonstrates that maps of Budapest (from 1872) are almost exclusively north-oriented. As a result of this process, generations learned geography from north oriented maps and school atlases. After our virtual reality experiments exploring spatial learning and navigation (Torok et al. 2018), in the present field experiment we tested the interaction of local and global reference frames, the sense of geographical North in a sample of young adults. We created an ecologically valid experimental setting by selecting a special location at ELTE university campus in Budapest. In an enclosed vista space, positioned near the river Danube and heading an easterly direction, our participants were asked first to point to North. With good visibility of the river, a major, structural landmark in the configuration of the city we were interested how the misleading direction of the Danube influenced their directional sense. While the general course of the river is north-south, at the site of the experiment the river course changes to northwest-southeast, with a deviation of 30–40° from true north. We expected that the direction of the only visible global landmark, and, of course all the local landmarks, would result in similar pointing errors. In the first test series they were asked to point/draw toward salient urban landmarks in the city, that is in environmental space. In the second test series they pointed towards important cities in a large, geographical space. Finally, they once again indicated the direction of true North in the same geographic space. Our results are consistent with previous research (Frankenstein et al. 2012) that the participants had a clear sense of geographical North learned from maps, moreover, contradicting our expectations, the misleading course of the Danube and local geometry had little effect on the overall high accuracy of pointing to North. However, a few result deviated from the average and suggested high individual differences, presumably due to different spatial thinking strategies of participants. Test subjects living longer in Budapest had a much better sense of North, supporting the importance of learned components in this directional knowledge. Our experiment in the physical world resulted in supporting evidence that North is present in human cognitive map as the cardinal direction for orientation. The implications of the results of our experiment should be considered relevant when designing new maps and user interfaces. Another important result, our experiment suggest that local and global reference frames are not separate systems, but structured hierarchically and integrated in spatial orientation tasks. Although egocentric view may support direct scene recognition and object identification cartographers should construct navigational maps with geographic reference frame as well, especially in the case of extensive and complex environmental/geographical spaces, because these are still learned first from north oriented maps. The long tradition of paper maps, the history of cartography has a lasting effect of human understanding of the physical and virtual worlds.


The goal of this work is to produce high yields of long-lived AQ(*-)/dA(*+) charge transfer (CT) excited states (or photoproducts). This goal fits within a larger context of trying generally to produce high yields of long-lived CT excited states within DNA nucleoside conjugates that can be incorporated into DNA duplexes. Depending upon the energetics of the anthraquinonyl (AQ) (3)(pi,pi) state as well as the reduction potentials of the subunits in particular anthraquinonyl-adenine conjugates, CT quenching of the AQ (3)(pi,pi*) state may or may not occur in polar organic solvents. In MeOH, bis(3',5'-O-acetyl)-N(6)-(anthraquinone-2-carbonyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine (AQCOdA) behaves as intended and forms a (3)(AQ(*-)/dA(*+)) CT state with a lifetime of 3 ns. However, in nonpolar THF the AQ(*-)/dA(*+) CT states of AQCOdA are too high in energy to be formed, and in DMSO a (1)(AQ(*-)/dA(*+)) CT state is formed but lives only 6 ps. Although the lowest energy excited state for AQCOdA in MeOH is a (3)(AQ(*-)/dA(*+)) CT state, for N(6)-(anthraquinone-2-methylenyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine (AQMedA) in the same solvent it is a (3)(pi,pi*) state. Changing the linking carbonyl in AQCOdA to methylene in AQMedA makes the anthraquinonyl subunit harder to reduce by 166 mV. This raises the energy of the (3)(AQ(*-)/dA(*+)) CT state above that of the (3)(pi,pi*) in AQMedA. The conclusion is that anthraquinonyl-dA conjugates will not have lowest energy AQ(*-)/dA(*+) CT states in polar organic solvents unless the anthraquinonyl subunit is also substituted with an electron-withdrawing group that raises the AQ-subunit's reduction potential above that of AQ. A key finding in this work is that the lifetime of the (3)(AQ(*-)/dA(*+)) CT excited state (ca. 3 ns) is ca. 500-times longer than that of the corresponding (1)(AQ(*-)/dA(*+)) CT excited state (ca. 6 ps).'


Purpose: To investigate the frequency of xenotropic murine leukemia virus (MLV) presence in human cell lines established from mouse xenografts and to search for the evidence of horizontal viral spread to other cell lines. Methodology: We examined xenograft tumor cell lines from 7 independent laboratories and 128 non-xenografted tumor cell lines. Cell line DNA was examined for mouse DNA contamination, and by three Taqman qPCR assays targeting the gag, env or pol regions of MLV. Sequencing was used for viral strain identification. Supernatant fluids were tested for reverse transcriptase (RT) activity. Results: Six of 23 (26%) mouse DNA free xenograft cultures were strongly positive for MLV and their sequences had greater than 99% homology to known MLV strains. Four of five available supernatant fluids from these viral positive cultures were strongly positive for RT activity. Three of these supernatant fluids were studied to confirm the infectivity of the released virions for other human culture cells. Of the 78 non-xenograft derived cell lines maintained in the xenograft culture-containing facilities, 13 (17%) were positive for MLV, including XMRV, a virus strain first identified in human tissues. By contrast, all 50 cultures maintained in a xenograft culture-free facility were negative for viral sequences. Conclusions: Human cultures derived after mouse xenografting frequently contain and release highly infectious xenotropic MLV viruses. Laboratories working with xenograft-derived human cultures should be aware of the risk of contamination with potentially biohazardous human-tropic mouse viruses and their horizontal spread to other cultures.


Exploring and evaluating findings from previous research is an essential aspect of all research projects enabling the work to be set in the context of what is known and what is not known. This necessitates a critical review of the literature in which existing research is discussed and evaluated, thereby contextualising and justifying the project. In this research note we consider what is understood by being critical when reviewing prior to outlining the key attributes of a critical literature review. We conclude with a summary checklist to help ensure a literature review is critical.


The Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) implemented in browsers to find information on Internet is a large part of the traffic caused by the browsers which are the predominant source of data communication in networks. The content of a website varies from static displays of a simple page to rich media applications along with a large number of third-party advertisements. While having the advantage of gathering as much information as possible for a user, websites also have the disadvantage of making it possible for an attacker to exploit its structure and
design. Any susceptible website if manipulated by an attacker with the injection of malicious software i.e. malware will have the potential to compromise a user's
machine along with sensitive information that he/she has. In order to investigate these security incidents, one needs to have a thorough analysis of HTTP network traffic streams as it provides a bigger picture of the request/ response mechanism along with the information of embedded requests if any.
However, with the complex structure of web pages, it is a huge manual effort to scan through hundreds of megabytes of HTTP streams extracted from packet capture tools. Differentiating from benign traffic to malicious traffic in such large size files makes it a slow and lengthy process. However, if this process can be automated by a tool which can extract HTTP streams from packet capture files, process and filter it and finally, provide a visual representation of the HTTP traffic flow over time efficiently, it can be beneficial for a forensic analyst to easily figure out the malicious traffic.
The main purpose of this thesis is to develop such a prototype which can effectively and efficiently visualize the flow(s) of HTTP traffic from websites with a partial focus on malicious advertisement- 'malvertising'. This paper describes the methodology used to extract the HTTP traffic from packet data and thereby using the data or metadata from the extracted information to visualize it in the form of a graph over time. The results show that it is even possible for large size files to clearly display the traffic flows efficiently with the ability to further analyze each node in the graph. It also shows that if malicious traffic is found, it can be traced back to its parent host and thereby, it is possible to understand the root cause.


Author(s): Lakew, Paulos Ashebir | Advisor(s): Brueckner, Jan K | Abstract: The present thesis is comprised of four essays that address important gaps in passenger- and cargo-airline research. Seminal studies in airline economics that rely on cross-section methods make critical homogeneity assumptions and preclude time-specific effects. The essays in this thesis use panel data, which allow for certain assumptions made by cross-sectional studies to be relaxed, while shedding light on the intertemporal features of air transport. The first chapter investigates the cost structure of air cargo carriers by applying a total cost model used in passenger-airline studies. Using quarterly panel data (2003-2011) on the domestic operations and costs of FedEx Express and UPS Airlines, empirical results indicate that the air cargo industry exhibits increasing returns to traffic density and constant returns to scale. Accounting for carrier-specific differences in cost structure and network size, FedEx is found to be more cost efficient than UPS (a finding that is reversed when network size is not controlled). Individually, UPS exhibits substantial economies of density and constant returns to scale while FedEx's cost structure is characterized by weak economies of density and constant returns to scale. Both carriers exhibit economies of size.The next three chapters embody papers that use quarterly panel data of city-level air traffic, airline delay, and socioeconomic variables. Spanning 10 years (2003-2012), the panel structure of the data permits the use of fixed effects to control for city-specific heterogeneity.The second chapter presents a paper prepared for the Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP). The study demonstrates the within-city traffic impacts of urban size, employment composition, and wages, providing new insights into the determinants of passenger and air cargo traffic. The essay also confirms that airport traffic is proportional to population, and that service-sector employment and higher wages induce passenger travel and goods movement. A city's share of manufacturing employment, however, only impacts air cargo traffic. Passenger enplanements exhibit more sensitivity to the proportion of urban workers providing non-tradable services, compared to the share of workers in tradable service jobs.The third chapter, co-authored with Andre Tok, examines the determinants of air cargo traffic in California. The study uses a shorter 7-year panel (2003-2009), and shows that service and manufacturing employment impact the volume of outbound air cargo. Total (domestic) air cargo traffic is found to grow faster than (proportionally to) population, while wages play a significant role in determining both total and domestic air cargo movement. Metro-level air cargo tonnage are also forecasted for the years 2010-2040, indicating that California's total (domestic) air cargo traffic will increase at an average rate of 5.9 percent (4.4 percent) per year in that period.The final chapter is co-authored with Volodymyr Bilotkach, and it provides the first evidence on the impact of airline delays on urban-sectoral employment. Controlling for unobserved city-specific differences, the empirical estimates of the effects of air traffic on total employment are comparable to previously reported measures. However, service-sector employment is found to be less sensitive to air traffic than other studies suggested. New evidence confirming that delays have a negative impact on employment is also provided, a finding that is robust to various model specifications.


Abstract. The inspection of optically rough surfaces searching for defects or other macroscopic features, or with the aim of characterizing roughness, are tasks well suited to optical techniques. We present the concept, the architecture, the mathematical modeling, the calibration, and some results of a device with episcopic coaxial illumination, specifically developed for surface inspections, which simultaneously renders both a coherent image and the energy spectrum of the complex reflection coefficient of a portion of the surface, precisely delimited by the illuminating laser spot. This concept is based on the well-known, single-lens, coherent image processing setup with beamsplitters added to insert the illuminating beam and to allow simultaneous access to the Fourier transform plane and to the image plane. Information about the resolved macroscopic features and the nonresolved surface microstructure (through the corresponding speckle signature) is obtained in both planes which enables different surface analysis strategies. The speckle sizes in the spectrum, and in the image, can be controlled by selecting the size of the illuminated area of the object and the lens aperture, respectively. Some envisaged applications are the detection and characterization of defects or macroscopic structures in rough surfaces, identification of authentication marks, evaluation of roughness parameters, and of speckle statistics.


The need for an in vitro 3D scaffold that can substitute specific tissue-types is becoming increasingly prevalent in tissue engineering and stem cell research. As a promising candidate for engineered complex 3D tissue scaffolds, hydrogels have emerged as synthetic or natural polymers with tissue-like stiffness, biocompatibility and high permeability for oxygen, nutrients and other water-soluble metabolites, similar to the native extracellular matrix. However, high-resolution characterization of hydrogels and their three-dimensional porous structures still remains a challenge. In this research, hydroxypropyl cellulose methacrylate (HPC-MA) hydrogels were examined for the first time through X-ray ultramicroscopy (XuM), an imaging technique based on phase contrast and with high spatial resolution, to visualise, reconstruct and analyse 3D porous structures. This Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) based X-ray system produced projection images of 1.67 μm pixel size, with distinguishable hydrogel membrane structures. In addition, reconstruction of the tomographic series provides the complete geometry of individual pores and their spatial distribution and interconnectivity, which play vital roles in accurate prediction of the hydrogel's porous structure prior to and during its implantation in vivo. By further incorporating Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), the elastic modulus of the hydrogel was determined and mechanical modelling of individual pores and the bulk scaffold also proved to be feasible. The commercialised platform we utilised offers prompt visualization and specialized simulation of customized 3D scaffolds for cell growth, which will be a unique application of tissue engineering in future personalized medicine.


Nonrepudiation is a security service that plays an important role in many Internet applications. Traditional two-party nonrepudiation has been studied intensively in the literature. This survey focuses on multiparty scenarios and provides a comprehensive overview. It starts with a brief introduction of fundamental issues on nonrepudiation, including the types of nonrepudiation service and cryptographic evidence, the roles of trusted third-party, nonrepudiation phases and requirements, and the status of standardization. Then it describes the general multiparty nonrepudiation problem, and analyzes state-of-the-art mechanisms. After this, it presents in more detail the 1-N multiparty nonrepudiation solutions for distribution of different messages to multiple recipients. Finally, it discusses advanced solutions for two typical multiparty nonrepudiation applications, namely, multiparty certified email and multiparty contract signing.


In this study the origins of premature transition due to oversuction in boundary layers are studied. An infinite row of circular suction pipes that are mounted at right angles to a flat plate subject to a Blasius boundary layer is considered. The interaction between the flow originating from neighbouring holes is weak and for the parameters investigated, the pipe is always found to be unsteady regardless of the state of the flow in the boundary layer. A stability analysis reveals that the appearance of boundary layer transition can be associated with a linear instability in the form of two unstable eigenmodes inside the pipe that have weak tails, which extend into the boundary layer. Through an energy budget and a structural sensitivity analysis, the origin of this flow instability is traced to the structures developing inside the pipe near the pipe junction. Although the amplitudes of the modes in the boundary layer are orders of magnitude smaller than the corresponding amplitudes inside the pipe, a Koopman analysis of the data gathered from a nonlinear direct numerical simulation confirms that it is precisely these disturbances that are responsible for transition to turbulence in the boundary layer due to oversuction.


Coke drums undergo cyclic operations typically in temperatures ranging from the ambient temperature to about 500°C. Generally, coke drums are fabricated from clad plates consisting of chromium-molybdenum low alloy steel as the base metal and ferritic stainless steel typically Type 410S stainless steel (TP.410S) as cladding material. TP.410S cladding material is used for protection against sulfide corrosion.
 Coke drums frequently display major cracking on the inside surface of their circumferential weld along the fusion line between restoration weld and the TP.410S cladding. Moreover, an array of cracks commonly referred to as "elephant skin" are typically observed proximity to the major cracks. These cracks have been reported by multiple papers, particularly in the API Technical Report 934-G, up to the present and primarily attributed to the thermal fatigue which occurs from the repeated thermal loads experienced during each operating cycle. When the existence of severe cracks is recognized, users are forced to schedule extensive repairs.
 The authors conducted fatigue tests employing coupons made from two kinds of cladding material, TP.410S and Alloy 625, which simulate the circumferential weld seam of coke drums. The paper summarizes the essential properties for the cladding material in order to delay cracking on the inside surface and proposes new common cladding materials which could be employed for coke drums based on test results.


Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an imaging technique that is used in hospitals worldwide. The images are acquired through the use of an MRI scanner and the clinical information is provided through the image contrast, which is based on the magnetic properties in biological tissue. By altering the scanner settings, images with different contrast properties can be obtained. Conventional MRI is a qualitative imaging technique and no absolute measurements are performed. At Center for Medical Imaging and Visualization (CMIV) researchers are developing a new MRI technique named synthetic MRI (SyMRI). SyMRI is based on quantitative measurements of data and absolute values of the magnetic properties of the biological tissue can be obtained.The purpose of this master thesis has been to take the development of SyMRI a step further by developing and implementing a visualization studio for SyMRI imaging of the human brain. The software, SyMRI Brain Studio, is intended to be used in clinical routine. Input from radiologists was used to evaluate the imaging technique and the software. Additionally, the requirements of the radiologists were converted into technical specifications for the imaging technique and SyMRI Brain Studio. Additionally, validation of the potential in terms of replacing conventional MRI with SyMRI Brain Studio was performed.The work resulted in visualization software that provides a solid formation for the future development of SyMRI Brain Studio into a clinical tool that can be used for validation and research purposes. A list of suggestions for the future developments is also presented. Future clinical evaluation, technical improvements and research are required in order to estimate the potential of SyMRI and to introduce the technique as a generally used clinical tool.


Unilateral recurrent nerve paralysis leads to glottic insufficiency, causing a significant lack of vocal ability. In contrast, bilateral palsies present with stridor on inspiration due to glottic stenosis. Most of the underlying lesions are iatrogenic, with thyroid surgery being the single most important causative factor. However, a variety of different reasons can lead to such a condition. Whenever aetiology is uncertain a complete diagnostic work-up is mandatory. Indirect laryngoscopy confirms the diagnosis. Laryngeal electromyography is of great value because it differentiates between paralysis and ankylosis of the cricoarytaenoid joint. Moreover, in many cases laryngeal electromyography provides a reliable prognosis of clinical outcome. While unfavorable results can be predicted with high accuracy, correct prognosis of complete recovery is more difficult. Speech therapy is the treatment of choice in case of unilateral recurrent nerve palsy. Only if a significant glottal gap persists medialization procedures may become useful for voice improvement. Endoscopic as well as open approaches are available for this purpose. Bilateral recurrent nerve palsies need to be addressed surgically in the vast majority of cases. Today, a variety of endoscopic techniques for widening the glottic airway are available. Compared to permanent tracheostomy these procedures have much less impact on the patient's quality of life and should be preferred whenever possible. Inevitably, voice quality is traded for airway normalisation. However, modern surgical techniques accomplish very tolerable phonatory results.


This paper reports our development of a communication robot for use in a shopping mall to provide shopping information, offer route guidance, and build rapport. In the development, the major difficulties included sensing human behaviors, conversation in a noisy daily environment, and the needs of unexpected miscellaneous knowledge in the conversation. We chose a network-robot system approach, where a single robot's poor sensing capability and knowledge are supplemented by ubiquitous sensors and a human operator. The developed robot system detects a person with floor sensors to initiate interaction, identifies individuals with radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags, gives shopping information while chatting, and provides route guidance with deictic gestures. The robot was partially teleoperated to avoid the difficulty of speech recognition as well as to furnish a new kind of knowledge that only humans can flexibly provide. The information supplied by a human operator was later used to increase the robot's autonomy. For 25 days in a shopping mall, we conducted a field trial and gathered 2642 interactions. A total of 235 participants signed up to use RFID tags and, later, provided questionnaire responses. The questionnaire results are promising in terms of the visitors' perceived acceptability as well as the encouragement of their shopping activities. The results of the teleoperation analysis revealed that the amount of teleoperation gradually decreased, which is also promising.


This study presents an integrated provenance record for ancient forearc strata in southern Alaska. Paleocene–Eocene sedimentary and volcanic strata >2000 m thick in the southern Talkeetna Mountains record nonmarine sediment accumulation in a remnant forearc basin. In these strata, igneous detritus dominates conglomerate and sandstone detrital modes, including plutonic and volcanic clasts, plagioclase feldspar, and monocrystalline quartz. Volcanic detritus is more abundant and increases upsection in eastern sandstone and conglomerate. U‐Pb ages of >1600 detrital zircons from 19 sandstone samples document three main populations: 60–48 Ma (late Paleocene–Eocene; 14% of all grains), 85–60 Ma (late Cretaceous–early Paleocene; 64%) and 200–100 Ma (Jurassic–Early Cretaceous; 11%). Eastern sections exhibit the broadest distribution of detrital ages, including a principal population of late Paleocene–Eocene ages. In contrast, central and western sections yield mainly late Cretaceous–early Paleocene detrital ages. Collectively, our results permit reconstruction of individual fluvial drainages oriented transverse to a dissected arc. Specifically, new data suggest: (1) Detritus was eroded from volcanic‐plutonic sources exposed along the arcward margin of the sampled forearc basin fill, primarily Jurassic–Paleocene magmatic‐arc plutons and spatially limited late Paleocene–Eocene volcanic centers; (2) Eastern deposystems received higher proportions of juvenile volcanic detritus through time from late Paleocene–Eocene volcanic centers, consistent with emplacement of a slab window beneath the northeastern part of the basin during spreading‐ridge subduction; (3) Western deposystems transported volcanic‐plutonic detritus from Jurassic–Paleocene remnant arc plutons and local eruptive centers that flanked the northwestern part of the basin; (4) Diagnostic evidence of sediment derivation from accretionary‐prism strata exposed trenchward of the basin fill is lacking. Our results provide geologic evidence for latest Cretaceous–early Paleocene exhumation of arc plutons and marine forearc strata followed by nonmarine sediment accumulation and slab‐window magmatism. This inferred history supports models that invoke spreading‐ridge subduction beneath southern Alaska during Paleogene time, providing a framework for understanding a mature continental‐arc/forearc‐basin system modified by ridge subduction. Conventional provenance models predict reduced input of volcanic detritus to forearc basins during progressive exhumation of the volcanic edifice and increasing exposure of subvolcanic plutons. In contrast, our results show that forearc basins influenced by ridge subduction may record localized increases in juvenile volcanic detritus during late‐stage evolution in response to accumulation of volcanic sequences formed from slab‐window eruptive centers.


We introduce an iterative method named GPMR for solving 2x2 block unsymmetric linear systems. GPMR is based on a new process that reduces simultaneously two rectangular matrices to upper Hessenberg form and that is closely related to the block-Arnoldi process. GPMR is tantamount to Block-GMRES with two right-hand sides in which the two approximate solutions are summed at each iteration, but requires less storage and work per iteration. We compare the performance of GPMR with GMRES and Block-GMRES on linear systems from the SuiteSparse Matrix Collection. In our experiments, GPMR terminates significantly earlier than GMRES on a residual-based stopping condition with an improvement ranging from around 10% up to 50% in terms of number of iterations. We also illustrate by experiment that GPMR appears more resilient to loss of orthogonality than Block-GMRES.


JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) has evolved to the de-facto standard file format in the web used for application configuration, cross- and same-origin data exchange, as well as in Single Sign-On (SSO) protocols such as OpenID Connect. To protect integrity, authenticity, and confidentiality of sensitive data, JavaScript Object Signing and Encryption (JOSE) was created to apply cryptographic mechanisms directly in JSON messages.
 We investigate the security of JOSE and present different applicable attacks on several popular libraries. We introduce JOSEPH (JavaScript Object Signing and Encryption Pentesting Helper) -- our newly developed Burp Suite extension, which automatically performs security analysis on targeted applications. JOSEPH's automatic vulnerability detection ranges from executing simple signature exclusion or signature faking techniques, which neglect JSON message integrity, up to highly complex cryptographic Bleichenbacher attacks, breaking the confidentiality of encrypted JSON messages. We found severe vulnerabilities in six popular JOSE libraries. We responsibly disclosed all weaknesses to the developers and helped them to provide fixes.


To which extent transportation fuels will reasonably be changed in the coming years? GPL and natural gas are expected to challenge conventional fuels, hydrogen and methanol are bounded to possible fuel cells development. Among others, security of supply, competitive economics and environmental protection issues will be the key to the changes in the coming years. But taking into account expected transportation development, liquid fuels from oil should prevail as the reference energy. Though most of technologies and catalysts needed for the future are still existing or under marketing plans, the industry has to cope with the growing share of middle distillates. Indeed future zero heavy fuel-oil refineries are technically feasible through many existing and recent technologies. However their potential profitability is weighed down deeply by the very high investments and operating costs which are tied up. Tomorrow's main gasoline challenges deal with sulfur in FCC gasoline, aromatics and olefins contents together with a possible ban of ethers, hampering future octane demand and its technical feasibility. In a similar way diesel oil issues for the future imply a very deep desulfurization with possible aromatics hydrogenation and rings opening in order to comply with cetane and polyaromatics ratings. Natural gas upgrading via syngas chemistry is still expected to open the way to clean fuels for the future via improved and integrated FT's GTL technologies which could as a matter provide most of future increases in clean fuels demand without decreasing the related fatal carbon losses as CO2. As an overall view, clean fuels production for the future is technically feasible. Advanced hydrorefining and hydroconversion technologies open the way to clean fuels and allow the best flexibility in the gasoline/middle distillates ratio. However, cost reduction remains a key issue since the huge investments needed are faced with low and volatile refining margins. In addition, CO2 fatal production is bounded with the extra-hydrogen production needed for clean fuels achievements and natural gas upgrading could bring other very clean fuels without solving CO2 emissions drawbacks. Consequently, every fuel specification improvement will have to be balanced with its bounded fatal carbon losses, as CO2, and its extra cost.


This research has studied data driven techniques for roll compensation for aircraft-borne
InSAR, for platforms where an accurate Inertial Navigation Unit (INU) is inappropriate
due to limitations on weight or cost, such as a low-cost civilian mapping system or a
miniature UAV. It is shown that for unknown topography, roll errors cannot simply be
filtered from the interferogram due to a fundamental ambiguity between aircraft roll effects
and certain types of undulating terrain. The solution to this problem lies in the differential
Doppler shifts of the signals received at the two antennas. These are proportional to the
aircraft roll rate and can be extracted by incoherent or coherent means and utilised to
reconstruct the aircraft roll history. This research analyses, experimentally evaluates and
further develops the incoherent Differential Doppler (DD) method for roll compensation,
developed to the proof-of-concept stage by A. Currie at QinetiQ (Malvern) and compares
this with the two-look method, which is a novel coherent technique developed, analysed
and experimentally evaluated as part of this PhD from an original idea proposed by Prof.
R. Voles of UCL. By means of empirical analysis, numerical simulation and real test data
from the QinetiQ C-Band InSAR, it is shown that the two-look method offers significant
advantages in sensitivity, frequency performance, robustness and efficiency of
implementation over the DD method, particularly at long range. The experimental results
also show that for the QinetiQ C-Band InSAR, the two-look method provides roll
compensation to a similar quality or better than provided by the on-board Litton-93 INU,
which has a specified accuracy of ±0.05°. Ambiguities in the roll rate estimates from other
motions are also shown to be small for this platform, and could be reduced further by
employing differential GPS track compensation.


Studies of the potential contamination of currency with parasites have not been given the interest it deserves. A lot has been done on microbial contamination of currency with viruses, bacteria and fungi. We therefore investigated the contamination of Nigerian currency with the eggs and cysts of parasites in Ojo local government, Lagos State, Nigeria. A Total of 100 samples of Nigerian currency (Naira) consisting of 20 pieces of lower denomination (N5-N10) were examined microscopically using the rinse method. The notes were grouped into dirty and dirty/mutilated. 59% were contaminated with the eggs and cysts of parasites. 18 (64.2%) of the dirty notes were contaminated while 41 (54.9%) of the dirty/mutilated notes were contaminated. Eggs and Cysts of five parasites were recovered. Eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides 38.9%, Hookworm 25.4%, Enterobius vermicularis 3.38%, Trichurus trichiura 10.1% and Cyst of Entamoeba histolytica 8.4%. There were also mixed infections (13.5%). Five Naira and Ten Naira notes were the most contaminated (23.7% each) while the least contaminated was N100 (15.2%). Citizens should be educated on ways of handling money through personal hygiene by not abusing, mishandling or mutilating the Naira. People should be encouraged to keep their money in wallets or purses and not on dirty surfaces. The Central bank of Nigeria should put in place and maintain a retrieval system which will ensure that mutilated notes do not remain in circulation for too long.


Over a significant period of time, efforts have been made towards a valid and accurate estimation of DI diesel engine NOx emissions. Considering the fact that experiments have a high cost in both time and money, modelling approaches have been developed in an effort to overcome these issues. It is well known that accuracy in the prediction of NOx emissions lies specifically on the accurate estimation of local temperature and O2 histories inside the combustion chamber that govern NOx formation, fulfilled by an accurate estimation of the combustion mechanism. To account for the actual effect of parameters that control NOx formation and overcome inefficiencies introduced from existing purely empirical models or artificial neural networks, valid only on the combustion systems for which they were developed [1], an alternative solution is the introduction of physically based semi-empirical models. Towards this direction, in the present work is presented and evaluated a new modelling approach, based on the combustion rate obtained from the measured cylinder pressure trace using Heat Release Rate Analysis. The model used is a semi-empirical two-zone one which makes use of the estimated elementary fuel mass burnt at each crank angle interval. The combustion process is considered to be adiabatic, while chemical dissociation is also considered. With this approach, temperature distribution throughout the combustion chamber is considered for, together with its evolution during the engine cycle. In addition, O2 availability is also considered for through the calculated charge composition. The result is an extremely fast computational model, combining the advantages of both empirical and physically based ones. In the present work is given a detailed validation of the model, from its application on two different types of diesel engines: a heavy-duty DI diesel engine and a light-duty DI diesel engine with pilot fuel injection. A significant number of cases where tested for both engine configurations, considering different operation points and variation of operating parameters, such as rail pressure and EGR. The twelve points of the European Stationary Cycle (ESC) were covered for the case of the heavy duty DI diesel engine, whilst for the light-duty DI engine a total number of forty-six operating points was studied. For both engine configurations the model reveals a very good predictive ability, considering for the effect of all operating parameters examined on NOx emissions. However, there is potential for improvement and development on its physical base for even more accurate predictions. The merits of good accuracy in prediction trends with varying engine operating parameters — even without calibration — and low computational time establish a potential for model use in engine development, optimization studies and model based control applications.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


Digital sovereignty has become a hotly debated concept. The current convergence of multiple crises adds fuel to this debate, as it contextualizes the concept in a foundational discussion of democratic principles, civil rights, and national identities: is (technological) self-determination an option for every individual to cope with the digital sphere effectively? Can disruptive events provide chances to rethink our ideas of society - including the design of the objects and processes which constitute our techno-social realities? The positions assembled in this volume analyze opportunities for participation and policy-making, and describe alternative technological practices before and after the pandemic.


Abstract This study was conducted to determine the selectivity of hooks (galvanized, tin, carbon, nickel) used for Atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda Bloch, 1793) in the Gallipoli Peninsula and the Dardanelles during the 2015 and 2018 fishing seasons (spring and autumn). The Atlantic bonito was fished with hooks of size 1/0, 2/0, 3/0, and 4/0. A total of 604 bonitos were caught, including 201 individuals using a galvanized hook, 194 individuals using a tin hook, 158 individuals using a nickel hook and 51 individuals using a carbon hook. A lower catch was obtained with hooks of size 4/0 (42 in total). The highest catch (100 total) was obtained with hooks of size 1/0 and a lower catch (19 in total) was obtained with hooks of size 4/0 in the case of tin hooks. In the case of nickel hooks, the highest catch (63 in total) was obtained with hooks of size 1/0 and a lower catch (eight in total) was obtained with hooks of size 4/0. The optimum catch length and curve width were calculated in relation to the size of hooks. It was determined that all hooks used in the experiments catch below the length allowed for fishing. It was therefore concluded that the use of the largest hooks would be preferable, with size 4/0 being the most suitable for maintaining the continuity of the species.


This review presents an overview of the developments in the epidemiology of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) during 2007 in Europe, the Far East and Asia, as well as some comments interpreting the various developments. The recent TBE situation in 29 European and four non-European countries is shown and discussed. The number of registered TBE cases from 1976 to 2007 in 19 European countries with endemic TBE is presented. Although criteria for TBE reporting vary from one country to another and it is necessary to account for unreported cases, an overall increase of TBE incidence during the last 30 years can clearly be established. Besides changes in climate and weather, a number of additional factors are probably responsible for this rise: increased exposition, partly due to socio-economical and political changes, and other factors that are for the most part unknown. In addition, the immunisation coverage in the population of some of the countries is discussed..


To understand the philosophy of the pragmatist philosopher Caroline Pratt (1867-1954) is a challenge I have struggled with for many years. Like pragmatism itself, Pratt's philosophy is elusive. This evasion is central to her intellectual thought. In reading her 1948 autobiography, I Learn From Children: An Adventure in Progressive Education, she reflects, "All my life I have fought against formula. Once you set down a formula, you are imprisoned by it…I would not be talked into marking out any blueprints for education, outside the school or in it. This refusal to formulate a 'system' made me a problem" (pg 58). Her commitment to keep ideas in "play" is what made her an exemplar of pragmatist thought. Ironically, her refusal to be imprisoned by any system, blueprint or formula has relegated her to the margins of pragmatist philosophy and progressive educational history.


Concentrations of the neuroactive steroid 3 a ,5a-tetrahydroprogesterone TH PROG or allopregnanolone and its precursors proges- . . terone PROG and 5a-dihydroprogesterone DH PROG have been measured in mouse brain throughout the oestrous cycle. Plasma PROG concentrations were also measured for comparison. At each stage, circadian fluctuations were found in the concentrations of brain PROG and its metabolites. Such fluctuations were greater than those attributable to any particular stage of the oestrous cycle. Over the . entire cycle, a significant correlation was found between brain TH PROG or DH PROG and PROG concentrations but not between brain . TH PROG or DH PROG and plasma PROG concentrations. There was also no correlation between endogenous TH PROG or DH . 33 PROG and activity of the 5a-reductase converting H-PROG to H-DH PROG in whole brain homogenates. Concentrations of another . neuroactive steroid, pregnenolone sulphate PREG S , in the brain during the oestrous cycle were in phase with plasma PROG but not brain PROG concentrations. Our results indicate that circadian and ovarian influences on the concentrations of PROG and its metabolite TH PROG in female whole mouse brain are caused predominantly by changes in the supply of PROG from within the tissue, whatever the contribution of peripheral sources. q 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.


SYNOPSIS. Herbert Spencer Jennings (1868-1947) succeeded W. K. Brooks as Director of the Zoological Laboratory at Johns Hopkins University in 1910. His scientific work in the next two decades included experimental genetics of protozoa and mathematical analysis of the linear arrangement of chromosomes. At the same time, Jennings was involved in philosophical discussions of the nature of biological thought. His point of view expressed the biologist's awareness of diversity and historical process, against both the excesses of vitalism and of the modern reductionist methods of physico-chemical biology. These philosophical discussions are seen against the background of his difficulty in building up the zoological laboratory at Johns Hopkins in the 1920s, when the university tried unsuccessfully to return to the ideal of pure research which had guided it under its first president. Moreover, Jennings faced strong competition for resources from within the university itself, especially at the medical school. His position illustrates the predicament of the modern general biologist in an environment increasingly dominated by the medical sci-


A number of Arab countries have been exposed to structural adjustment programs. Under the guidance of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, these programs are aimed at making various kinds of Arab socialist and mixed-economy regimes more "market-friendly," a policy that started in the 1950s and 1960s in countries like Algeria, Tunisia, Syria, and Egypt. Considering the mounting social tension that results from continuing population growth, urban agglomeration, and unemployment, it would be naive to expect—with Fukuyama—an "end of history" as most countries try to adopt market regimes and to strengthen civil society and parliamentary democracy. As Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406) well knew, economic and social change is a never-ending process. In the search for viable and sustainable strategies it may be stimulating to consider the insights of this great scholar of the Arab world who wrote 600 years ago. IBN KHALDUN'S SOCIAL SYSTEMS THEORY Ibn Khaldun was born in Tunis into an influential clan of South Arabian origin with substantial influence in Islamic Spain and, after the fall of Seville in 1248, in north-western Africa. He was exposed to the turmoils of his time. He held his first position in 1352 at the court at Tunis at the age of 20 and then went on to high political, administrative, diplomatic, and judicial posts in the service of various rulers in the Maghrib, Spain, and Egypt.


A Cyber-Physical System (CPS) has a tight integration of computation, networking and physicalprocess. It is a heterogeneous system that combines multi-domain consisting of both hardware andsoftware systems. Cyber subsystems in the CPS implement the control strategy that affects the physicalprocess. Therefore, software systems in the CPS are more complex.Visualization of a complex system provides a method of understanding complex systems byaccumulating, grouping, and displaying components of systems in such a manner that they may beunderstood more efficiently just by viewing the model rather than understanding the code. Graphicalrepresentation of complex systems provides an intuitive and comprehensive way to understand thesystem.OpenModelica is the open source development environment based on Modelica modeling andsimulation language that consists of several interconnected subsystems. OMEdit is one of the subsystemintegrated into OpenModelica. It is a graphical user interface for graphical modeling. It consists of toolsthat allow the user to create their own shapes and icons for the model.This thesis presents a methodology that provides an easy way of understanding the structure andexecution of programs written in the imperative language like C through graphical Modelica model.


Recent studies have shown that, while the available licensed radio spectrum becomes more occupied, the assigned spectrum is significantly underutilized. To alleviate the situation, cognitive radio (CR) technology has been proposed to provide an opportunistic access to the licensed spectrum areas. CR systems are able to serve the secondary users for detecting and utilizing so called spectrum holes by sensing and adapting to the environment without causing harmful effects or interference to the licensed primary users (PU). CR systems need to detect the presence of a primary user by continuously sensing the spectrum area of interest. Radiowave propagation effects like fading and shadowing often complicate sensing of spectrum holes because the PU signal can be weak in a particular area. Cooperative spectrum sensing is seen as a prospective solution to enhance the detection of PU signals. This paper studies distributed spectrum sensing in a cognitive radio context. We investigate a distributed energy detection scheme without using any fusion center. Due to reduced communication such a topology is more energy efficient. The PU signal is assumed to be in slow fading. A recursive distributed power estimation and detection scheme is proposed. The theoretical findings are verified through simulations.


The excessive use of tobacco products has been associated with various lesions in the oral cavity. Tobacco-associated lesions include tooth stains, abrasions, smoker's melanosis, acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis and other periodontal conditions, burns and keratotic patches, black hairy tongue, nicotinic stomatitis, palatal erosions, leukoplakia, epithelial dysplasia and squamous-cell carcinoma. A routine intraoral examination by a dental health professional can reveal most of these lesions at an early stage, and early intervention may prevent serious sequelae. Thus, detection of tobacco-associated lesions in conjunction with tobacco-use counselling by dental professionals has become the standard of care. The significance and treatment of nonmalignant tobacco-associated lesions are addressed in the first part of this two-part series. Malignant lesions, basic biopsy principles and prevention and intervention strategies are discussed in the subsequent part.


The strategy of using non-random groups to increase the efficiency of truncation selection is discussed. The present study, which considers extreme forms of non-rnadom groups, complements a previous study involving full-sib groups. It is shown that of the two kinds of non-randomness, i.e. that due to homozygosity or that due to homogeneity (as represented by cloning), the latter is the most effective. This suggests that with those plant crops in which intense competition among plants exists, use of clonal propagation to produce non-random groups should be investigated.


This study looked at how males and females were portrayed, based on the amount of skin shown in the clothing worn.  A Content analysis was performed on a sample of 20 randomly selected popular comics from the last 3 years.  Both male and female characters were rated on how much skin they showed in three clothing categories; neck line, sleeve length, and lower body.  Results showed that in all 3 categories, women consistently wore more revealing clothing.  The findings demonstraetd that the comic book industry is comparable to other forms of media, in the sexualization of female characters, by having them wear more revealing clothing.


In this modern era, there is a lot of technology improvement in pet cages and pet tagging. Manually operating a pet cage might not be really efficient for the modern world. Moreover, when the pets go missing it is always a hassle to know about their whereabouts. Hence, this cage is able to sense the pet when it is nearby by detecting the RFID embedded in the pet tag. If the pet goes missing or is outside the cage's vicinity, the owners should be able to obtain the pets location by using the GPS module with peer-to-peer LoRa WAN which is embedded in the pet tag. Previous research has primarily relied on either an automated pet cage or a GPS tracker with a short range. In this work, the RFID and GPS system implements peer-to-peer LoRa WAN in the pet tag which is able to unlock the pet cage and also help the owner to trackthe pet's location via a web-based maps by inserting the coordinates (latitude and longitude) obtained. The RFID RC522 is integrated with the Arduino UNO for the Arduino-based automatic pet cage. As for the peer-to-peer LoRa WAN GPS tracker, the RFM95W LoRa shield integrated with the Arduino UNO is used as the transmitter and receiver. The transmitter of LoRa WAN shield has a GPS tracker (NEO-6M) and the receiver LoRa WAN has an LCD display, so that the owner can obtain the coordinates of the pet. It is shown from this work that the LoRa WAN can transmit signals within a coverage area of up to 10 km.


BACKGROUND: There is strong evidence that cognitive skills and executive functions are skills that children need in order to successfully learn in school. Although executive function disorders are not considered a learning disability, weaknesses in executive functioning are often observed in students with learning disabilities or ADHD. Cognitive games are a type of educational games which focus on enhancing cognitive functioning in children with different profiles of cognitive development, including students with neurocognitive and/or learning disabilities. Self-regulation and metacognitive skills also play an important role in academic performance. OBJECTIVE: In this work, we highlight the need of monitoring and supporting metacognitive skills (self-regulation) in the context of a cognitive training game. We propose a system for self-regulated cognitive training for children which supports metacognitive strategies allowing the child to reflect on their own progress, weaknesses and strengths, self-arrange the training content, and thus to promote their self-regulated learning skills. METHODS: We provide a narrative review of research in cognitive training, self-regulated learning and explainable recommendation systems for children in educational settings. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Based on the review, an experimental testbed is proposed to explore how transparency, explainability and persuasive strategies can be used to promote self-regulated learning skills in children, considering individual differences on learning abilities, preferences, and needs.


3D equilibria with an anisotropic pressure component in the large helical device are analyzed with respect to their magnetic axis locations. The anisotropic extension of the 3D equilibrium solver variational moments equilibrium code, anisotropic neumann inverse moments equilibrium code, is used to compute fixed-boundary plasma equilibria based on a bi-Maxwellian distribution function describing the anisotropic particles. Different heating scenarios are assessed by means of parallel and perpendicular pressure anisotropies with different radial anisotropic pressure profiles imposed. A theoretical predicted scaling of the magnetic axis location with the auxiliary parameter βeq as predicted for classical stellarators and heliotrons by Hitchon [Nucl. Fusion 23, 383 (1983)] is found to be applicable to the large helical device in the case of a flat hot-particle profile for parallel or weak perpendicular dominated anisotropies with β ⊥ / β ∥ ≤ 2. For strong perpendicular or non-flat hot-particle profiles, a deviation from the predicted scaling of the magnetic axis location is found. Whereas center-peaked profiles show a stronger shift of the magnetic axis, edge-peaked profiles show no significant change of its radial location. High critical magnetic fields are identified as a necessary condition for strong perpendicular anisotropies. The observed deviations are ascribed to the magnetic field structure and negative pressure gradients. The invalidity of the theoretical predictions in the case of certain configurations is found to be caused by higher-order terms in the pressure components, which are not accounted for by the ordering on which the theory is based.


MATSUBARA, S. OKABE, K., Oucm, K. and OWADA, Y. Blood Purification of Bilirubin and Bile Acids by Plasma Exchange for Patients with Liver Failure. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1986, 150 (1), 83-90 To evaluate the efficacy of blood purification by plasma exchange in patients with liver failure, blood levels of total bilirubin and total bile acids, known to be a part of protein-bound toxins, were measured before and after plasma exchange. With one plasma volume exchange the percent reduction was 39 for bilirubin and only 25 for bile acids. The declining of the reduction efficiency appeared to be well correlated with the prolongation of the treatment time for bilirubin and the augmentation of the initial concentration for bile acids. These data suggested that the equilibration between intra-and extra-vascular pool takes place slowly for bilirubin and comparatively rapidly for bile acids, though they are both mostly bound to albumin in the blood. In addition, the presence of protein-bound toxins like bile acids, predominantely accumulated in the tissue, may make it more difficult to support patients with liver failure by only blood purification therapy with plasma exchange. plasma exchange ; protein-bound toxins ; bilirubin ; bile acids ; liver failure


Psychiatrists, more than most people, like to flirt with history, and nowhere is this more true than in the field of psychological trauma, where it has become de rigueur to introduce a chapter or book with an historical overview. More often than not these superficial, oversimplified accounts do little more than attempt to convince the reader that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as described in ICD–10 has existed since time immemorial. Recent conflict, global terrorism and renewed enthusiasm for the poetry of the First World War as well as the novels of authors such as Pat Barker and Sebastian Faulks have reawakened interest in war-related psychological trauma, leading to a more thoughtful critical analysis of the psychiatric morbidity arising from the major wars of the 20th century. This historical reappraisal suggests an altogether more complex picture, and has prompted a fascinating debate about the nature of PTSD: are the diagnostic symptoms and signs set out in modern classification of disease a constant and enduring function of the effects of trauma on the brain, recognised throughout history, be it in a returning soldier from the Trojan war described in Homer's Iliad (it takes the eye of faith to see PTSD in literature) or in a Vietnam veteran of the 1980s? Alternatively, is PTSD a phenomenon peculiar to the Vietnam era, and are the effects of trauma on the brain pathoplastically shaped by culture, politics and society's attitudes and belief systems? Was 'shell-shock' to First World War veterans what Gulf War illness is to contemporary British soldiers? Against this background, any more rigorous analysis of the sociology of psychological trauma and the effects of combat is to be welcomed. Hysterical Men describes the evolution of attitudes towards trauma and hysteria in 19th century German society and shows how these concepts influenced – and were themselves influenced by – the politics of post-Bismarck Germany and debates about Germany's national health, economic productivity and military strength. Arising from concerns that Germany's revolutionary pensions system would encourage a deluge of claims from the working (and presumed work-shy) classes following industrial accidents and fuelled by the epidemics of shell-shock in the Great War, male hysteria was seen as an affront to the German virtues of Teutonic masculinity. Weakness of personality and a lack of moral courage were seen as crucial ingredients in the genesis of post-traumatic psychopathology, rather than a traumatic event per se (a view that is debated to this day). As a result of these attitudes, German psychiatrists sought to turn these male hysterics into fit workers and loyal political subjects. American historian Paul Lerner's book is excellent: scholarly, carefully researched and well referenced. Hysterical Men explores the status of psychiatry in early 20th-century Germany as well as psychiatric attitudes to war: a potential 'cure' for the degeneration and moral weakness vilified by psychiatry and society alike. The heroic and increasingly desperate treatments used by psychiatrists – treatments often as dramatic as they were ineffective – are described, as well as the influence of the war on psychoanalytical thought. What this book does so effectively is illustrate the profound impact of politics, culture and social values on medicine, and remind us that none of us works in a social vacuum and how subject to external influence our clinical objectivity actually is. The book will appeal to readers of history and the philosophy of science, as well as giving depth and perspective to the PTSD debate. Most historical accounts of the psychiatry of the Great War are Anglocentric and it makes a refreshing change to read this fascinating account of the terrible toll of war on the vanquished.


A 62-year-old man presented with a history suggesting both dissociative fugue and a distinct fugue-like hallucination. The dissociative fugues included unplanned travel, loss of personal identity, inability to recall his past and amnesia for the fugue interval. The subjective fugues consisted of a stereotyped hallucination wherein he would travel to a social gathering place, meet his 'imaginary friends' and engage with them in conversation. He experienced the subjective fugues as if they were real, recognised them as hallucinations when he was normally conscious, and remembered them in great detail. A hallucinatory fugue episode occurred during video-EEG monitoring. The patient engaged in semipurposeful behaviour for which he had no memory, and the EEG demonstrated waking rhythms. Epilepsy, sleep disorder, factitious disorder and malingering were excluded from the differential diagnosis, leaving a patient with both dissociative and hallucinatory fugues, likely made possible by remote traumatic injury to limbic, arousal and motor circuits.


Research in oncology traditionally focuses on specific tissue type from which the cancer develops. However, advances in high-throughput molecular profiling technologies have enabled the comprehensive characterization of molecular aberrations in multiple cancer types. It was hoped that these large-scale datasets would provide the foundation for a paradigm shift in oncology which would see tumors being classified by their molecular profiles rather than tissue types, but tumors with similar genomic aberrations may respond differently to targeted therapies depending on their tissue of origin. There is therefore a need to reassess the potential association between pharmacological response and tissue of origin for therapeutic drugs, and to test how these associations translate from preclinical to clinical settings. In this paper, we investigate the tissue specificity of drug sensitivities in large-scale pharmacological studies and compare these associations to those found in clinical trial descriptions. Our meta-analysis of the four largest in vitro drug screening datasets indicates that tissue of origin is strongly associated with drug response. We identify novel tissue-drug associations, which may present exciting new avenues for drug repurposing. One caveat is that the vast majority of the significant associations found in preclinical settings do not concur with clinical observations. Accordingly, our results call for more testing to find the root cause of the discrepancies between preclinical and clinical observations.


The idea that playtexts were altered to produce shorter versions adapted to the poor conditions players supposedly found on the road was advanced by A. W. Pollard and J. Dover Wilson in 1919. Soon after, W. W. Greg expanded on their hypothesis, suggesting that traveling companies would have had to limit the "spectacular" and "elaborate" elements of their plays for provincial performance. Since then, many subsequent editors and critics have accepted this antiprovincial bias without testing its underlying assumptions. However, others have begun the process of revision, to which this study contributes by looking at the evidence provided by thirty-four plays linked to five companies of players known to have toured the provinces between 1586 and 1594. In particular, this survey shows that while some plays have only basic staging requirements, considerably more plays include just those elements that put most demands on a performance space—grand entrances, discovery scenes, action above, ascents to or descents from an upper level, and the appearance of large properties such as a throne or bed. If these staging requirements are representative of what was taken on the road by London companies, there is reason to believe that provincial performances were not quite so unsophisticated and that the places where plays were staged not necessarily so primitive as has often been claimed.


Micromixing of a highly viscous biosample with water using orbital shaking and microchannels is considered. Existing methods mix biosamples by only shaking microwells or by specially designed microstirrers which are ineffective or inapplicable for highly viscous materials, let alone small volumes at microliter or nanoliter levels. Our method mixes a viscous biosample with water in microwells using orbital shaking plus an innovative block which divides the microwells into two compartments and is built in with microchannels. The mixing method with the block in the microwell is efficient compared to mixing in the microwell without the block. In this paper, the design of the block is presented, the model of the flow of the biosamples in the microchannel is developed, the Reynolds number of the flow in the microchannel is calculated, and the dynamics of the mixing process is analyzed. Furthermore, a miniature wireless video sensor system is used to observe the mixing process which verifies the model of the flow in the analysis. Finally, x-ray diffraction experiments on mixing monoolein with water are presented. In each trial, x-ray diffraction is used to evaluate the results of mixing which confirms that the proposed approach is effective for mixing a highly viscous biosample with water.


The unequal-area facility layout problem (UA-FLP) is the problem of locating rectangular facilities on a rectangular floor space such that facilities do not overlap while optimizing some objective. The objective considered in this paper is minimizing the total distance materials travel between facilities. The UA-FLP considered in this paper considers facilities with fixed dimension and was motivated by the investigation of layout options for a production area at the Toyota Motor Manufacturing West Virginia (TMMWV) plant in Buffalo, WV, USA. This paper presents a mathematical model and a genetic algorithm for locating facilities on a continuous plant floor. More specifically, a genetic algorithm, which consists of a boundary search heuristic (BSH), a linear program, and a dual simplex method, is developed for an UA-FLP. To test the performance of the proposed technique, several test problems taken from the literature are used in the analysis. The results show that the proposed heuristic performs well with respect to solution quality and computational time.


ABSTRACT
The current theory suggests that in preeclampsia there is an increase in the lipid peroxidation products and leads to a decrease in the plasma antioxidants except uric acid and changes in the lipid profile levels, contributing to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. In this context, this study was undertaken to determine the changes in plasma levels of lipid peroxide, in women with preeclampsia. Objectives:.To measure the levels of serum malondialdehyde in pre-eclampsia in comparison with normal pregnancy. Materials and Methods: Study consisting of 30 preeclamptic and 30 healthy pregnant women. Fasting venous blood samples were collected during antepartum period and plasma level of malondialdehyde is estimated.Results: In the preeclamptic group malondialdehyde, a lipid peroxidation product was significantly increased. Conclusion:The findings of the present study are consistent with previous studies, suggesting that lipid peroxidation is important factors in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.


Fluorescence polarization immunoassays of the aminoglycoside antibiotics gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin in plasma and serum are described and shown to be clinically useful. The aminoglycoside tracers were prepared by reacting the parent compounds with 5-[(4,6-dichlorotriazin-2-yl)-amino] fluorescein. Antisera specific for the compounds were raised in rabbits by conventional procedures. Tracer, sample, and diluted antiserum are combined and, after a 15-min incubation at ambient temperature, the polarization of the fluorescence of the tracer is determined in a specially designed fluorometer. The assays are designed to give accurate trough (i.e., minimum during therapy) values and to be free of matrix effects. Severely icteric samples may interfere, but this can be overcome by blank subtraction. The performance of the assays with clinical specimens compared favorably with that of some commercially available assays.


: In slices of isolated rat hypothalamus, the dextrophenylalanine (d-Phe) 3x10(-3)M produced an inhibition of a 47% in the fractional release of 3H-NA to the preparations of Holtzman rats, and of 39% to the Wistar rats, when the concentration of d-Phe (in this last) was of 1x10(-2)M, pointing that the effectiveness of the d-Phe is variable with the employed rat root. The mentioned effect is calcium dependent, for it was antagonized when the Ca++ was incremented in the medium of 1,68mM (normal) to 2,6mM. Neither atropine, nor phenoxybenzamine interfer the effect to the d-Phe, showing that it will not be due to mechanisms of alpha-adrenergic or muscarinic cholinergic negative feedback. For the moment it cannot be interpretated that the d-Phe effect is performed through specific negative feed-back receivers, for the possible operability of other kind of receptors such as PGs angiotensin, morphinic, etc., has not been discarded yet.


We examine whether the quality of firms' internal information systems influences the relation between inflation shocks and corporate investment, as posited by imperfect information models. We first document a positive relation between inflation shocks and investment, consistent with nominal rigidity breaking the classical dichotomy, i.e., the prediction that nominal variables, such as inflation, do not affect real variables, such as corporate investment. Next, we use responses to the World Management Survey to directly measure firms' internal information system quality and find that higher internal information system quality mitigates the positive relation between inflation shocks and investment. This result suggests that internal accounting quality serves as a transmission channel through which aggregate nominal variables affect real variables at the firm level. Our findings are robust to using import competition, inheritance tax levels, education levels and the 8 EU Company Law Directive as instruments for internal information quality. JEL Classification: E22, E52, M41


Ligand‐gated ion channels (LGICs) are a group of diverse ion channels that are gated by ligands and play important roles in normal physiological and pathological conditions. Many of them are drug targets that have been pursued, are being pursued, and will likely be pursued in the future by pharmaceutical companies and academic groups for a variety of diseases. One of those LGICs is the GABAA receptor, a heterooligomeric chloride channel that can be blocked and modulated at various sites. In order to study the receptor's functional response to compounds, the manual patch‐clamp method provides a detailed but low‐throughput electrophysiological characterization. QPatch II, a next‐generation automated patch clamp machine that was recently developed by Sophion Bioscience, provides an automated electrophysiological study of ion channels. In this article, we use the GABAA receptor as an example for studying LGICs and describe two detailed protocols for using QPatch II to carry out pharmacological studies on the receptor. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Abstract A detailed study of the pre-Silurian geology of the Sierras de Córdoba, Eastern Sierras Pampeanas, is used to define the sequence of magmatic and metamorphic events during the Pampean orogeny. This primarily involved Early to Mid-Cambrian subduction and terrane collision at the western margin of Gondwana during the amalgamation of the super-continent. Evidence for this is based principally on new information concerning (a) regional mapping and field relations, (b) analysis of the structures, deformational history and meta-morphic evolution and (c) geochronology and geochemistry of the igneous and metamorphic rocks. The main events recognized are (1) Late Proterozoic break-up of Rodinia (Nd model ages of 1500 ± 200 Ma, inherited zircons 800–1400 Ma), (2) development of an Early Cam-brian passive margin sequence (Puncoviscana Formation and equivalents), (3) emplacement of metaluminous calc-alkaline granitoids (G1a, dated at 530 ± 3 Ma) as a result of NE-directed subduction, (4) crustal thickening, ophiolite obduction, compression and high-grade metamorphism (M2: 8.6±0.8 kbar, 810 ± 50°C, c.525 Ma) related to collision, and culmina-ting in (5) isothermal uplift and widespread low-P anatexis (M3, 4.0±0.5 kbar, 715 ± 15°C, c.520 Ma). The last event is responsible for the linked generation of highly peraluminous granites (G1b) and cordieritites. Subsequent emplacement into the accreted terrane of Ordovician trondhjemite-tonalites (500-470 Ma) and dextral wrench shear are interpreted as inner cordilleran counterparts of the Famatinian arc, which developed to the west along the newly-formed proto-Andean margin.


1. Starting pointSocial, educational and therapeutic potentials and benefits of drama and theatre activities especially in working with children and young people become widely recognized in Croatia during and immediately after the last wars in the region. The warfares of the 1990s, which invariably hit and lefttheir scars upon all societies in the region, in a way challenged numerous educationalists and socially aware artists to give their immediate professional and creative response to the social crisis. Many of them reacted on ethical impulse, without any previously learned lesson of how to act in such extreme situations, and spontaneously used and applied creative techniques and medium of drama and theatre in work with war-affected groups and communities. However, at that time a number of experts and professional associations working in the field of psycho-social assistance and therapy, often supported by international humanitarian organizations and institutions, has launched various emergency programmes to support war-affected groups in the war zones, refugee camps and settlements, in schools and other settings, as well as in communities affected by war and its consequences, and these projects extensively and very often primarily used drama and theatre techniques in their activities as their main methods.2. Purpose of the review articleStarting from this initial background of a general social fracture and crisis in which creative theatre and drama proceedings have proved as valuable and effective educational and therapeutic methods, this article will describe the development of contemporary drama education in Croatia with a focus on the main activities, goals and problems which emerged as important issues in the course of the last twenty years. Although this historical analysis is rather personal and mainly experience based, still it is my belief that my article can be considered a document that bear witness of constructive engagement of Croatian educationalists in building and establishing the contemporary drama pedagogy in Croatia as an organised system, as a verified methodology and, finally, as a recognized and appreciated educational profession.3. The pre-war roots of contemporary drama education in CroatiaAlthough the painful reality caused by the wars of the 1990s incited numerous educationalists, therapists and artists to react humanely and professionally to generally devastated social and family life and especially to disrupted childhood and education of practically all children in Croatia,i the awareness of the psycho-social, educational and therapeutic values of drama and theatre work with vulnerable groups could have been created not only by immediate evidences and positive effects recognized through these activities, but also thanks to the widespread creative drama practice with children and youth which existed in the pre-war period in Croatia, as well as in other parts of the former state, the practice which has been since the 1960s systematically fostered and gradually developed through the theatre education of teachers and leaders of the school theatre groups, through the school theatre festivals and through the work of several children's and youth drama/theatre studios of that period which were the hotbeds of children's scenic creativity, as it was then called. Based, on the one hand, upon this pre-war tradition of creative work with children and strongly instigated, on the other hand, by the immediate moral and professional demands of the aggravated war and post-war situation in which the majority of children lived, hence arose a great enthusiasm and willingness of numerous teachers, pedagogues, social workers, psychologists and art educators to participate and further educate themselves in drama and other creative activities which could be applied for educational and/or socio-therapeutic purposes. Since that time, i.e. immediately after the wars of 1990s, also the term drama education has gained the wider acceptance as a general concept which, although it often includes very different types and forms of drama and theatre work, has gradually acquired an increasing appreciation as socially and educationally valuable practice. …


In the China ADS (CIADS) proton accelerator, multipacting is an issue of concern for the superconducting cavities. The parallel codes Omega3P and Track3P, developed at SLAC under the support of the DOE SciDAC program, have been used to calculate the electromagnetic field distribution and to analyze the multipacting barriers of such cavities. In this paper, two types of 162.5 MHz half wave resonator cavities, HWR-010 (cylinder type with β of 0.10) and HWR-015 (taper type with β of 0.15) have been analyzed, and the results of the multipacting analyses show that the resonant electrons occur at different regions with different accelerating gradients. The two-point 1st order multipacting on the short plate has also been researched and discussed.


: Massive vaginal prolapse in ten post-hysterectomy women was treated by expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft along the course of the round ligaments to anchor the vaginal vault to the lateral abdominal wall. Concurrent enterocele repair was done as well as other indicated abdominal or vaginal operations. Satisfactory coitus was reported in all cases. The procedure is technically simple and provides an alternative to sacral suspension or sacrospinous ligament suspension of the prolapsed vaginal vault.


Abstract The correlation between the Bostwick degree and the static rheological properties of yield stress food fuids is first revisited and then reformulated in this work. The role of the yield stress in the free surface flow of the Bost-wick test is studied using dimensional analysis. Results from experiments on 48 different samples of yield stress fluids are considered and included to check the adequacy of the proposed correlation. Asymptotic dynamic behaviour is also presented and discussed as a mechanism of complete self similarity with respect of the dimensionless time. This approach would seem to support the opinions in favor of the yield stress as a key parameter, and thus offers an interesting new viewpoint useful to both future experiments on the Bostwick test and studies of 'dam-break' like dynamics.


Numerical simulation is an essential tool for investigation of seawater intrusion in coastal aquifer. For most groundwater modeling software, boundary condition along the beach is required. But it was normally assumed due to the uncertainty in the seawater – freshwater interface. Using FEFLOW, a groundwater simulation software based on finite element method, we investigated the intrusion scope and the exiting point of groundwater outflow under various boundary conditions. Seven cases were designed, among which three cases with boundary conditions of a freshwater layer over seawater, three cases with a triangle freshwater zone between seawater and the beach, and the last one without freshwater at the seawater boundary. Results showed that the last case has the longest intrusion scope. The scope of seawater intrusion is determined by both the horizontal water head gradient along the bottom of the aquifer and the vertical water head gradient along the beach. Both higher horizontal gradient and lower vertical gradient result in larger intrusion scope. In some circumstances, the vertical gradient has greater impact on seawater intrusion than the horizontal gradient, and act as the main power inhibiting seawater intrusion.


Search engines are used in the web as a tool for information retrieval. Web Server is a large warehouse of heterogeneous and unstructured data so that to filter out relevant information from people, a search engine is needed. Search engines usually consist of page repositories, indexing modules, query modules and ranking modules. Search engines do not work alone, besides that there is a web browser that supports the work of this search engine to be more optimal. A browser is software that is run on a user's computer (user) that displays web documents or information taken from a web server [1]. A browser is the type of intermediary the user uses most often. This paper aims to analyze three search engines namely Google, Yahoo, and Bing based on existing features. These features include web search, image search, video search, news search, route search, book search, change search settings, display number of views, shopping, language translator. Google stands as the best search engine among all search engines, which works using the Page Rank algorithm. Page Rank is a numerical value that determines the importance of a web page by calculating the number of backlinks.


Title Structural Analysis of Nuclear Stress Bodies Formed in Response to Thermal Stress [an abstract of dissertation and a summary of dissertation review] Author(s) アリ, マホモド カミス マホモド Citation 北海道大学. 博士(医学) 甲第13719号 Issue Date 2019-09-25 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/75800 Rights(URL) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Type theses (doctoral abstract and summary of review) Additional Information There are other files related to this item in HUSCAP. Check the above URL. File Information Mahmoud_Khamis_Mahmoud_Aly_abstract.pdf (論文内容の要旨)


Degenerate quantum gases of alkaline-earth-like elements open new opportunities in research areas ranging from molecular physics to the study of strongly correlated systems. These experiments exploit the rich electronic structure of these elements, which is markedly different from the one of other species for which quantum degeneracy has been attained. Specifically, alkaline-earth-like atoms, such as strontium, feature metastable triplet states, narrow intercombination lines, and a non-magnetic, closed-shell ground state. This review covers the creation of quantum degenerate gases of strontium and the first experiments performed with this new system. It focuses on laser-cooling and evaporation schemes, which enable the creation of Bose-Einstein condensates and degenerate Fermi gases of all strontium isotopes, and shows how they are used for the investigation of optical Feshbach resonances, the study of degenerate gases loaded into an optical lattice, as well as the coherent creation of Sr_2 molecules.


An AB-alternating copolymer is distinctly unique in comparison with other copolymers (e.g., random, gradient, and block) because the structure is uniform in terms of sequence: there is no composition distribution among the chains, and there are no consecutive sequence such as AA or AAA in one chain. Various types of alternating copolymers have been synthesized via strategic monomer design and advanced control of the copolymerization process. They exhibit the unique self-assembly behaviors and properties derived from the sequence, which are different from random or block copolymers in some cases. In this review, four topics related to alternating copolymers synthesized via chain-growth polymerization are reviewed: (1) how to control the alternating sequence; (2) sequence characterization; (3) self-assembly; and (4) functions.


Phytoene synthase (PSY) is a key regulatory enzyme of carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in plants. The present study examines the role of PSY in carotenogenesis and stress management in banana. Germplasm screening of 10 Indian cultivars showed that Nendran (3011.94 μg/100 g dry weight) and Rasthali (105.35 μg/100 g dry weight) contained the highest and lowest amounts of β-carotene, respectively in ripe fruit-pulp. Nendran ripe pulp also showed significantly higher antioxidant activity as compared to Rasthali. Meta-analysis of three banana PSY genes (MaPSY1, MaPSY2, and MaPSY3) was performed to identify their structural features, subcellular, and chromosomal localization in banana genome. The distinct expression patterns of MaPSY1, MaPSY2, and MaPSY3 genes were observed in various tissues, and fruit developmental stages of these two contrasting cultivars, suggesting differential regulation of the banana PSY genes. A positive correlation was observed between the expression of MaPSY1 and β-carotene accumulation in the ripe fruit-peel and pulp of Nendran. The presence of stress responsive cis-regulatory motifs in promoter region of MaPSY genes were correlated with the expression pattern during various stress (abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid and dark) treatments. The positive modulation of MaPSY1 noticed under abiotic stresses suggested its role in plant physiological functions and defense response. The amino acid sequence analysis of the PSY proteins in contrasting cultivars revealed that all PSY comprises conserved domains related to enzyme activity. Bacterial complementation assay has validated the functional activity of six PSY proteins and among them PSY1 of Nendran (Nen-PSY1) gave the highest activity. These data provide new insights into the regulation of PSY expression in banana by developmental and stress related signals that can be explored in the banana improvement programs.


The wake structure behind a wind turbine, generated by the spectral element code Nek5000, is compared with that from the finite volume code EllipSys3D. The wind turbine blades are modeled using the actuator line method. We conduct the comparison on two different setups. One is based on an idealized rotor approximation with constant circulation imposed along the blades corresponding to Glauert's optimal operating condition, and the other is the Tjffireborg wind turbine. The focus lies on analyzing the differences in the wake structures entailed by the different codes and corresponding setups. The comparisons show good agreement for the defining parameters of the wake such as the wake expansion, helix pitch and circulation of the helical vortices. Differences can be related to the lower numerical dissipation in Nek5000 and to the domain differences at the rotor center. At comparable resolution Nek5000 yields more accurate results. It is observed that in the spectral element method the helical vortices, both at the tip and root of the actuator lines, retain their initial swirl velocity distribution for a longer distance in the near wake. This results in a lower vortex core growth and larger maximum vorticity along the wake. Additionally, it is observed that the break down process of the spiral tip vortices is significantly different between the two methods, with vortex merging occurring immediately after the onset of instability in the finite volume code, while Nek5000 simulations exhibit a 2-3 radii period of vortex pairing before merging.


This paper reviews the literature on the psychological predictors of the problematic use of Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games (MMORPGs). Nineteen studies were included in the review and results are discussed in terms of seven broad areas; Play time, Demographic differences, Psychological wellbeing and mental health, Personality, Cognitive factors, Physiological factors and Gamer experience and motivations.

As a new area of research, the literature at present shows some limitations and inconsistencies across studies. Often factors have been considered in only one published paper, or findings are variable. The most consistent evidence suggests that increased play time is a significant risk factor for problematic use, along with mental health problems and poor psychological wellbeing. The strongest and most consistent predictor of problematic use identified so far appears to be the immersive use of MMORPGs in escaping from real life.
Further research should replicate these results and continue to investigate alternative possible risk factors. Longitudinal studies are imperative to differentiate confidently between risk factors and outcomes of problematic gaming, and group comparison studies should include problematic gamers, non-problematic gamers and a non-gaming control group to establish factors associated with problematic gaming specifically as oppose to gaming in general. Studies should consider the impact of age and location of the target population so that results are generalisable to the MMORPG population as a whole.

Implication for prevention and intervention of problematic gaming are discussed along with the implications of research in this area on the gaming industry.


SUMMARY The cell wall of hyphae of Thielaviopsis basicola consisted of an inner transparent layer and an outer electron-dense layer. The cell wall of the endoconidia was usually composed of a single transparent layer; at the tip of the endoconidia distal from the phialide the cell wall protruded into the cytoplasm. Hyphal tubes that contained endoconidia were devoid of cytoplasmic components. The only cytoplasmic component recognizable in the phialide was the endoplasmic reticulum. Two complex cell-wall systems were observed in chlamydospores. An outer cell wall enclosed the whole chlamydospore and each individual compartment possessed its own separate cell wall. Both cell walls were composed of an outer very electron-dense layer and an inner layer which appeared to be electron-transparent.


— Bicol is one of the most vulnerable regions in the Philippines due to its geographic location. Climate risks that lead to low rice productivity are intensified by large bodies of water such as the Bicol River Basin, covering three provinces and 43 municipalities in the region. The present study aims to assess the effects of integrated rice-duck farming (IRDF) in six farm sites from three municipalities (Baao, Canaman and Minalabac) in Camarines Sur situated along the BRB. Using Student's t-test, IRDF demonstrated significant results in Taban, Minalabac in terms of number of grains, number of tillers, number of panicles and the weight of grains in grams (p<0.05) compared to conventional farming. In contrast, no yield was recovered in San Fransisco, Baao where persistent flooding was observed during the cropping season. Post-harvest soil analysis demonstrated notable variation in phosphorus concentrations (highest in DCDR at 24.72 ppm and lowest in Mangayawan at 6.94 ppm) among other parameters. Water quality analysis revealed strong distinction in the amounts of PO 4 , at 36.34 ppm in Taban against 1.21 ppm in Sta. Eulalia, Baao. IRDF is an effective faming methodology when optimum conditions are present in farm communities. Nonetheless, IRDF is a promising strategy that can be instigated in policy frameworks to ameliorate rice productivity in climate-risk exposed farmlands.