The authors report the results of a study on the impact of resistive bridging faults on triple modular redundancy (TMR)-based quasi-delay-insensitive (QDI) asynchronous countermeasures, which is used to provide a secure circuit against power analyses. They have carried out the present study on CADENCE using a resistive bridges fault model. They show that the resistive bridge faults can have serious impacts on the security of integrated circuits and it is possible to discover the secret data. Based on the bridges resistance value, there are three operating intervals of secure circuits, in which TMR-based QDI may or may not function correctly in the presence of two resistive bridge faults depending on the interval of the resistance value.


There has been a significant investment in research to define exposures and potential hazards of pharmaceuticals in freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. A substantial number of integrated environmental risk assessments have been developed in Europe, North America and many other regions for these situations. In contrast, comparatively few empirical studies have been conducted for human and veterinary pharmaceuticals that are likely to enter coastal and marine ecosystems. This is a critical knowledge gap given the significant increase in coastal human populations around the globe and the growth of coastal megacities, together with the increasing importance of coastal aquaculture around the world. There is increasing evidence that pharmaceuticals are present and are impacting on marine and coastal environments. This paper reviews the sources, impacts and concentrations of pharmaceuticals in marine and coastal environments to identify knowledge gaps and suggests focused case studies as a priority for future research.


A survey process was begun in 1983 collecting and examining state statutes governing Partial Hospitalization programs. Data were collected from 37 states and the Country of Canada, which were then analyzed into the categories of definition, goals, target population, length of stay, frequency of patient participation, duration of a program day, program services, staffing, and documentation and quality assurance. The results revealed a great diversity of the operationalization of the treatment modality of partial hospitalization through state statutes. There is a clear need for increased levels of clarity and uniformity of this treatment mode.


In the study of popular music reception, ageing audiences have never been a major focus of attention. Occasional references to ageing audiences that do appear, both in academic and popular texts, often tend to cast such audiences in a negative light - as cultural misfits or overgrown teenagers. It could, however, be argued that such representations of ageing popular audiences are increasingly out of step with contemporary urban contexts in which definitions of ageing and generational boundaries are radically shifting. Indeed, in this sense popular music may be argued to take on a critical new significance as a form of cultural authority through which ageing individuals construct and articulate identities in everyday urban life. Utilising ethnographic data generated in three specific urban contexts, Canterbury (UK), Lille (France) and Adelaide (Australia), this chapter examines the cultural responses of middle-aged individuals to contemporary popular music genres such as rock, punk and dance music.


The technology helps in embryonic its way into Intelligence in the form of intelligent mirrors which is an incorporation of both computer aided services and the mirror which acts as a user interface. It is of a wall fixed mirror which displays appropriate details according to the user specification. The features in the intelligent mirror includes of data retrieval through the voice instruction, remote accessing, and unobtrusive interface for home environment and casting of the data in the phone. The Raspberry pi 3b+ is integrated with the HDMI Monitor screen along with the two-way mirror. The AI helps in the retrieval of the dynamic search. Keywords-Artificial Intelligence, Raspberry pi 3b+, Mirror, Voice Instruction


Abstract. Agroforestry is an increasingly popular farming system enabling agricultural diversification and providing several ecosystem services. In agroforestry systems, soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks are generally increased, but it is difficult to disentangle the different factors responsible for this storage. Organic carbon (OC) inputs to the soil may be larger, but SOC decomposition rates may be modified owing to microclimate, physical protection, or priming effect from roots, especially at depth. We used an 18-year-old silvoarable system associating hybrid walnut trees (Juglans regia  ×  nigra) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum) and an adjacent agricultural control plot to quantify all OC inputs to the soil – leaf litter, tree fine root senescence, crop residues, and tree row herbaceous vegetation – and measured SOC stocks down to 2 m of depth at varying distances from the trees. We then proposed a model that simulates SOC dynamics in agroforestry accounting for both the whole soil profile and the lateral spatial heterogeneity. The model was calibrated to the control plot only. Measured OC inputs to soil were increased by about 40 % (+ 1.11 t C ha−1 yr−1) down to 2 m of depth in the agroforestry plot compared to the control, resulting in an additional SOC stock of 6.3 t C ha−1 down to 1 m of depth. However, most of the SOC storage occurred in the first 30 cm of soil and in the tree rows. The model was strongly validated, properly describing the measured SOC stocks and distribution with depth in agroforestry tree rows and alleys. It showed that the increased inputs of fresh biomass to soil explained the observed additional SOC storage in the agroforestry plot. Moreover, only a priming effect variant of the model was able to capture the depth distribution of SOC stocks, suggesting the priming effect as a possible mechanism driving deep SOC dynamics. This result questions the potential of soils to store large amounts of carbon, especially at depth. Deep-rooted trees modify OC inputs to soil, a process that deserves further study given its potential effects on SOC dynamics.


Abstract A sample of an ordinary chondrite fall, Allegan, was shown by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy to be unweathered. Using aerated deionized water at 25° and 0 °C, and in one case with dissolved salts added, an attempt was made to simulate meteorite weathering processes in the hot and cold desert environments where these samples accumulate. The progress of artificial oxidation was monitored by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, and the final products were analyzed by neutron activation. The results confirm weathering mechanisms proposed for naturally weathered meteorites and suggest that temperature is the major factor controlling the stability of the observed oxide mineral assemblage. Akaganéite was observed as a major oxidation product in the experimentally weathered sample. This finding is interesting because it is widely accepted that β-FeOOH requires Cl- for stability: The sample weathered in deionized water showed only trace amounts of Cl- in both the fresh and weathered meteorite. We suggest that both Cl- and OH- may be effective in filling tunnel sites and that a complete solid solution is possible between these end-members. In addition, a calculated formation age of 4.59 ± .05 Ga and a cosmic-ray exposure age of 5.7-6.2 Ma, was derived from neutron activation analyses of the weathered sample. These ages are consistent with independent measurements made on samples of fresh Allegan, although small sample weights mean that the results should be treated with caution. However, the similar ages obtained in the weathered sample indicates that a wider spectrum of cosmochemical analyses is possible with weathered meteorites than previously thought and that congruent dissolution occurs during meteorite weathering.


Flavonoids normally accumulate in plants as O-glycosylated derivatives, but several species, including major cereal crops, predominantly synthesize flavone-C-glycosides, which are stable to hydrolysis and are biologically active both in planta and as dietary components. An enzyme (OsCGT) catalyzing the UDP-glucose-dependent C-glucosylation of 2-hydroxyflavanone precursors of flavonoids has been identified and cloned from rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica), with a similar protein characterized in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). OsCGT is a 49-kDa family 1 glycosyltransferase related to known O-glucosyltransferases. The recombinant enzyme C-glucosylated 2-hydroxyflavanones but had negligible O-glucosyltransferase activity with flavonoid acceptors. Enzyme chemistry studies suggested that OsCGT preferentially C-glucosylated the dibenzoylmethane tautomers formed in equilibrium with 2-hydroxyflavanones. The resulting 2-hydroxyflavanone-C-glucosides were unstable and spontaneously dehydrated in vitro to yield a mixture of 6C- and 8C-glucosyl derivatives of the respective flavones. In contrast, in planta, only the respective 6C-glucosides accumulated. Consistent with this selectivity in glycosylation product, a dehydratase activity that preferentially converted 2-hydroxyflavanone-C-glucosides to the corresponding flavone-6C-glucosides was identified in both rice and wheat. Our results demonstrate that cereal crops synthesize C-glucosylated flavones through the concerted action of a CGT and dehydratase acting on activated 2-hydroxyflavanones, as an alternative means of generating flavonoid metabolites.


Born of PKB is real form of attitude of NU when governmental pressures response of New Order. Pluralities membership and sympathizer of PKB of academician, intellectual, kyai, santri, moslem, non moslem, NU, non NU. Not to mention the mass bases of which so level strength
under (because PKB born from NU which the was follower majority of residing in rural). As party which born from religious social organization it is of course in it (Condition PKB) with religion values. On the way him PKB also accommodate importance of woman pass an autonomy body that named by DPC PPKB (Pergerakan Perempuan Kebangkitan Bangsa).
Guarantee proxy of woman through quota 30% which fought for KPI (Koalisi Perempuan Indonesia) and idea institute in Indonesia become important movement and have to be continued.
Quota manifestation 30% is to special action whereas to quicken equation manifestly between woman and men, specially in the field of politics, as a policy of state. Thereby, quota 30% is woman rights. This research intend to choose PKB as research object with consideration of
existence of PKB which born from NU where in organization like NU where proxy of woman still assumed taboo.
This Formula research internal issue is how far woman participation in political party of Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB). This Research is descriptive research is fact finding with correct interpretation as a mean to make description of is image of or painting systematically, factual and accurate, concerning facts, nature of and also relation between phenomenon which is accurate to
be, investigated. Technique data collecting through (1) Observation (2) Interview (3) Documentation. Analysis Data in this research is descriptive qualitative, that is depicted the breakdown oves pursuant to data which is on research object.
After conducted by research obtained result of as following: (1) Performing a campaign by planning and directional which conducted simultaneously to win public opinion, because that thing is to represent capital which is very worth in face of general election to come. (2) As
legislative member, for the agenda of seeking and stipulating of legislative member candidate which with quality, process is step which was very determined PKB in determining itself as people hungering party in legislative institute, ad for mounted by center and in area.


ABSTRACT: This study supports providing solutions to foster student character in the Ambon IAIN environment based on the Living Values Education program. This research is a qualitative descriptive type with instruments of interview (interview) and FGD (focus group discussions), the LVE material used is the values of peace, appreciation, love, unity and divinity (religious). The subjects of this study were the third semester FITK IAIN Ambon students consisting of majors namely Islamic Education and Biology Education which were filled with 23 people and 2 lecturers from two majors. This study uses descriptive narrative analysis. The results of the study provide an overview of Life Values Education must be carried out and developed in everyday life. Whether it is a character building course that is integrated with all existing courses before all teaching staff (lecturers) become role models for students. As well as students realize that the value must be grown in themselves as self control to encourage each learning.
Keywords: Character Building, Life Value Education


Balance transformers can usually eliminate the zero sequence current and suppress the negative sequence current. This paper develops a novel approach for balance transformers, which is different from the traditional one with two-phase or three-phase symmetrical windings. First, the basic principle and the connected scheme of the transformer are clarified. Second, this paper derives the relationship between the primary and the second windings from a mathematical model for the new approach. Third, the balance condition (i.e. the neutral current in the primary side is zero) and the decoupling condition of the two-phase system are also obtained. Finally, the correctness and feasibility of the new approach are verified by the experimental results of a 1-kVA model transformer. Compared to the traditional balance transformers, the new approach has better performance and can be applied to the two-phase or single power supply, such as the traction power supply in electric railway.


Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the long-term effects of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections on ocular surface and anterior segment parameters. A comparison was performed of the treated eye and the fellow healthy eye. Methods: The study group included patients who had received at least 3 intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents (bevacizumab, ranibizumab, or aflibercept) for retinal vascular disorders. All of the subjects were treated in only 1 eye. A complete ophthalmological examination, including evaluation of tear break-up time (TBUT), the Schirmer 1 test, the Oxford Grading Scale, and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, corneal topography, and specular microscopy were performed in both eyes 1 month after the last injection. Results: In this study, 49 eyes of 49 patients who underwent regular intravitreal injection in 1 eye were enrolled. The mean age was 63.85±9.8 years (range: 29-86 years). A mean of 4.06±1.7 (range: 3-11) injections were administered. There was no significant difference in the intraocular pressure, TBUT, Schirmer 1, fluorescein staining, or specular microscopy parameters (p>0.05). The mean non-invasive TBUT first and average values; the central, thinnest, and apex corneal thickness measurements; the anterior chamber depth, irido-corneal angle, corneal volume, and keratometry values were similar in each individual (p>0.05 for all parameters). The mean OSDI score was 27.5±17.6 for the injected eyes and 15.9±12.9 for the non-injected eyes (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Intravitreal anti-VEGF injections had no effect on ocular surface, corneal endothe-lium, and anterior segment parameters.


Superposition and calibrated attenuator methods are often used to determine the nonlinearity of photodetectors. A variation of these methods is described and applied to the calibration of optical pyrometers. This scheme allows a considerable reduction in the time needed for the measurement because only three independent sets of measurements are required, without any need to realize an accurate radiance scale on the sources.


An evidence-based practice literature search was done to determine if music therapy during painful procedures could decrease distress in children. Literature was obtained from two electronic databases. Twenty-five articles were initially found through the search engines. Five of these articles were further evaluated based upon relevance to the research question. The studies were evaluated through consistent methods including setting, sample, purpose, design, findings, and limitations. Each study strength on the evidence hierarchy was identified. Four studies had moderately strong evidence while one study had moderately weak evidence. Each had significance for the use of music as a pain management technique, but three of the studies had no statistical significance. A significant reduction was found in preoperative anxiety before various procedures, such as ophthalmology, dentistry, surgery, urology, etc. Overall, data supports the use of music during painful procedures in children as an additive method to other pain managements.


Although many studies of personality and aggression focus on multidimensional traits and higher order personality disorders (e.g., psychopathy), lower order, unidimensional traits may provide more precision in identifying specific aspects of personality that relate to aggression. The current study includes a comprehensive measurement of lower order personality traits in relation to three forms of aggression: reactive, proactive, and relational. Traits related to interpersonal antagonism and impulsivity, especially impulsive behavior in the context of negative affect, were consistently related to aggression across multiple indices. These findings suggest that certain lower order traits are of critical importance to understanding who engages in aggressive behavior and why this behavior occurs.


In-vehicle tires there are essential components, one of it is a wire that supports the tire, there are several types of tire wire, one of it is brass plated tire steel cord. The object of brass plated steel cord tire has a micro-size below 1mm and a wave shape. In checking the quality of brass plated steel cord tire is usually measured manually by experienced experts, the manual measurement process sometimes experiences inaccuracies due to visual fatigue factors. Moreover, measurements must be repeated for the future so that it takes longer. The development of application technology using image processing is increasingly widespread, but the use of quality detection in steel cord and brass cord using image processing is are currently not found. The first step before taking an image measurement on brass plated tire steel cord is to test the similarity of the acquisition image with the data ground truth image on the brass plated steel cord tire so that it can be ascertained that the measurement stage can be done. The method used is related to the similarity test of this image using the similarity Dice algorithm. The results of the similarity test use Dice on 30 samples by comparing the data of Image Acquisition and Data Ground Truth. The truth brass plated tire cord has an average value of 99%. It can be concluded that the object edge detection of the image of brass plated tire steel cord has high accuracy for measuring using image processing techniques.


Cytoplasmic dynein 1 (hereafter referred to simply as dynein) is a dimeric motor protein that walks and transports intracellular cargos towards the minus end of microtubules. In this article, we formulate, based on physical principles, a mechanical model to describe the stepping behaviour of cytoplasmic dynein walking on microtubules from the cell membrane towards the nucleus. Unlike previous studies on physical models of this nature, we base our formulation on the whole structure of dynein to include the temporal dynamics of the individual subunits such as the cargo (for example, an endosome, vesicle or bead), two rings of six ATPase domains associated with diverse cellular activities (AAA+ rings) and the microtubule-binding domains which allow dynein to bind to microtubules. This mathematical framework allows us to examine experimental observations on dynein across a wide range of different species, as well as being able to make predictions on the temporal behaviour of the individual components of dynein not currently experimentally measured. Furthermore, we extend the model framework to include backward stepping, variable step size and dwelling. The power of our model is in its predictive nature; first it reflects recent experimental observations that dynein walks on microtubules using a weakly coordinated stepping pattern with predominantly not passing steps. Second, the model predicts that interhead coordination in the ATP cycle of cytoplasmic dynein is important in order to obtain the alternating stepping patterns and long run lengths seen in experiments.


Whiplash injuries may occur in low speed rear crashes. Many consumer and insurance organizations use the BioRID-II dummy as test device, to assess the risk of whiplash injuries in car accidents. An LS-DYNA model of the BioRID-II dummy has been developed by DYNAmore GmbH in cooperation with the German Automotive Industry. This paper describes the current validation state and shows the latest modifications of the BioRID-II model. The emphasis is to discuss observations made during validation. Additionally, the paper describes a robustness study of a validation load case. Robustness studies are performed during validation in order to investigate dependencies and stability of the measured quantities. For this a Monte Carlo Analysis using LS-OPT (7) is applied and statistical quantities are evaluated and displayed.


P Tate. Radcliffe Publishing, 2006, £21.95, pp 136. ISBN 9781846191541

Deciding on whether to review a book of general interest is always a problem: you need to read it to know. So I read Peter Tate's collection of articles from Education for Primary Care . As the author would say, let me declare an interest—I am not a clinician. But, like all medically qualified non-clinicians, I might have been and thus books like this have an appeal. The author has had a long career as a general practitioner, …


Determinations of iron content and dry-weight measurements on samples of Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase were coupled with sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoresis studies of both the native protein and covalently cross-linked oligomers in order to estimate the enzyme's molecular weight and spectral absorption coefficients. A value of epsilon(ox.) (410)=282x10(3) litre.mol(-1).cm(-1) was calculated for a dimeric protein molecule having a total molecular weight of 122000 (based on iron analysis). Steady-state kinetic observations of the enzyme-catalysed oxidation of reduced azurin by nitrite indicated a marked increase in enzyme inactivation as the pH was raised from 5.7 to 7.2. Since NO, a product of the nitrite reductase activity of Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase, is known to bind to the enzyme, a study was undertaken to try to assess the potential of NO as a product inhibitor. Investigations showed that samples of the oxidized protein at pH values 4, 5 and 6 bound NO to both haem c and d(1) components, but oxidized enzyme samples at pH7 and above formed their reduced ligand-bound forms when placed under an atmosphere of the gas. Ascorbate-reduced enzyme samples at pH4, 5, 6 and 7 were also found to bind NO at both haem components, although at pH7 the rate of haem c binding was very slow. At pH8 and 9 only the ferrohaem d(1) bound NO. Titration experiments on the reduced protein over the pH range 5-7, with nitrite as a precursor of NO, showed that the haem d(1) had a much higher affinity than the haem c: experiments at pH5.2 and 5.9 with NO-equilibrated solutions revealed the same pattern of behaviour with the oxidized enzyme.


This article examines how research on the agriculture and agrifood systems mobilizes the concept of Innovation System (IS). A literature review on the IS provides an analytical framework for determining its theoretical frame of reference, its area of application and its uses. Based on this framework, a bibliometric analysis of international journals on innovation and agriculture reveals the existence of four knowledge communities, each of which addresses a specific angle of how the IS concept is applied to deal with the specific dimensions of innovation in the agricultural / agrifood sector. The current challenge is to promote exchanges between these communities, particularly between the one that applies an evolutionary approach and the epistemic community, which seeks to build its own concepts originating from the farming system approach and rural sociology.JEL Codes: O31, O39, Q10, Q16


Although sediment and erosion control laws in Georgia have been in existence for over 20 years, sediment from construction sites continues to impact surface water quality. Developers are sometimes unaware of the most effective type or design of an erosion control for a given site. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to recommend programs to help developers implement the most effective erosion controls for construction sites through a comparison of existing programs in the Atlanta and Charlotte metropolitan regions. Both local municipalities and advocacy groups have developed programs to help developers implement the most effective erosion controls at construction sites. Most of these programs focus on educating the developer and its contractors. Recommendations for additional programs include continuing required education, the creation of a regional erosion/sedimentation authority, required monitoring, and the use of erosion control as a selling point.


In urban environments nowadays there are a multitude of mobile devices that have several ways of communicating with each other, which become more and more powerful and used in every day activity. The most important characteristic of these devices is that they can supply useful information for a detailed vision of the area that they cover, especially when they travel a large distance. By gathering all this particular data and then processing it, we can obtain a global image of different aspects like traffic flow, pollution, weather condition, and all this with the help of the mobile users. In this paper we present a middleware for sensing data in Vehicular Adhoc Networks that uses the OSGi framework and tries to simplify the work made by application programmers by using the API prototype provided. This concludes in building, deploying and maintaining applications that will process the data acquired from sensors and deliver real-time information useful to the users.


ABSTRACT This article discusses an important political conflict of historical knowledge between Chinese and Anglophone academia. By exploring divergent perspectives either on long-term and coherent narratives of China or short-term and differentiated narratives of China through the founding issues of Historical Review (Lishi pinglun) established by the Chinese Academy of History in 2020, this article illustrates a 'battle' of narratives derived from different regimes of historical knowledge, either officially institutionalized in contemporary China or unofficially constituted in Anglophone academia. Specifically, by critically evaluating the discursive constructions of identity-driven historical narratives of both sides, this article gives a serious consideration to the Historical Review's mission against the deconstructionist historical narratives. In so doing, I argue that even if it is true that the Historical Review contributors are nationalists and thus help radicalize Chinese nationalism, the liberalist deconstructionist historians of China in English academia are not free from the same types of 'political contaminations' by lighting the excessive fires of China bashing.


We formulate a generalization of Higgs effective field theory (HEFT) including an arbitrary number of extra neutral and charged Higgs bosons---a generalized HEFT (GHEFT)---to describe nonminimal electroweak symmetry breaking models. Using the geometrical form of the GHEFT Lagrangian, which can be regarded as a nonlinear sigma model on a scalar manifold, it is shown that the scalar boson scattering amplitudes are described in terms of the Riemann curvature tensor (geometry) of the scalar manifold and the covariant derivatives of the potential. The coefficients of the one-loop divergent terms in the oblique correction parameters $S$ and $U$ can also be written in terms of the Killing vectors (symmetry) and the Riemann curvature tensor (geometry). It is found that the perturbative unitarity of the scattering amplitudes involving the Higgs bosons and the longitudinal gauge bosons demands that the scalar manifold be flat. The relationship between the finiteness of the electroweak oblique corrections and the perturbative unitarity of the scattering amplitudes is also clarified in this language: we verify that once the tree-level unitarity is ensured, the one-loop finiteness of the oblique correction parameters $S$ and $U$ is automatically guaranteed.


Ray tracing is used to calculate the acoustical and structural response of smooth, elastic shells of nonseparable shape. The frequency range of interest is below flexural coincidence but still high enough that asymptotic methods are applicable. The structure and development of ray‐like solutions on arbitrarily doubly curved shells is reviewed with a discussion of two mechanisms: (1) a ''background'' response determined by the local inertial impedance, and (2) phase matching to longitudinal and shear waves. The background response can be approximated by specular reflection, but the membrane waves require global treatment over the whole structure. After first calculating the coupling curves, which are the closed loci defined by phase matching with the incident wavefield, ''pressure'' rays are then sent out over the shell with each ray and its amplitude evolving according to a ray equation and a transport equation. Illustrative examples of ray paths and ray‐tube areas will be presented for ellipsoidal and quasicylindrical shells. The use of the Gaussian beam summation method to describe the wavefields will be discussed. Numerical comparisons are made with the exact results for the canonical geometries, and extensions to nonseparable shapes and discontinuous shells will be shown and discussed. [Work supported by ONR.]


A location aware MobiFeed system enables convenient customers to share geo-marked customer delivered messages, e.g., a customer can get nearby messages that are the most noteworthy to her. Existing LANF structures simply send the most appropriate geo-marked messages to their customers. Shockingly, the genuine confinement of such a present approach is, to the point that, a news reinforce may contain messages related to a comparable territory (i.e., reason for interest) or a comparative order of regions (e.g., food, incitement or wear). We battle that varying qualities is a basic component for zone careful news sustains in light of the way that it helps customers find new places additionally, exercises. In this paper we propose MobiFeed framework which permit the client to choose the classification and in view of that classification client can get news of his/her decision.


Multiscale methods are a robust and accurate alternative to traditional upscaling methods. Multiscale methods solve local problems to numerically construct a set of basis functions that later can be used to compute global solutions that describe the flow on both the coarse computational scale and the underlying fine parameter scale. This way, one is able to account for both effective coarse-scale properties and sub-scale variations. The methods are particularly efficient when the flow field must be updated repeatedly. Because temporal changes in the flow equations are moderate compared to the spatial variability, it is seldom necessary to recompute basis functions each time the global flow field is recomputed. Herein, we discuss and compare two ways of extending a multiscale mixed method that was originally developed for incompressible flow to compressible flow. The first approach is based upon a mixed residual formulation with a fine-scale domain-decomposition corrector. The second approach is to associate more than one basis function for each coarse face and coarse cell and use bootstrapping to dynamically build a basis function dictionary that spans the evolving flow patterns. We present and discuss several numerical examples, from simplified 1D cases to 3D cases with realistic reservoir geometries.


This paper describes a method that was implemented for computing responses of series compensation capacitors with MOV protection in a real-time simulator for relay testing. The salient feature of the method is that the complete circuit is modeled as a single component. Accuracy of the method was verified through extensive comparisons against the full EMTP model. Achievement of the required speed of computation was tested through real-time simulations. The application is to transmission line overvoltage protection. >


In clinical settings, relatively little attention has been paid to the personal domain in neglect syndrome. This is in contrast to the important role that this aspect can play in rehabilitation training for patients who show neglect syndrome. We propose a simple task, the Fluff Test, which consists of an own body exploration with one's eyes closed. Analyses of 27 brain-damaged patients, 11 left braindamaged patients, and a group of 38 control subjects provide evidence that the Fluff Test can be used to assess deficits of body representation in neglect syndrome. This task has high test-150;retest reliability and is intended to compensate for the lack of measures evaluating patients' defective processing of one side of the body.


In this study, the presence of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and other mycoplasmas was investigated by culture and PCR in the nasal swab samples of 692 goats with nasal discharges in 44 different flocks in eastern Turkey. The results showed that approximately 41% (18/44) of the flocks and 11% (75/692) of the goats harbored Mycoplasma agents. Among the Mycoplasma species; M. ovipneumoniae was the most prevalent species detected within 29.5% (13/44) of the flocks and 8.1% (56/692) of the goats. Mycoplasma arginini was also detected solely or in combination with M. ovipneumoniae in 18.2% (8/44) of the flocks and 1.9% (13/692) of the goats with nasal discharges. None of the samples were determined to be positive in the M. mycoides cluster and Mycoplasma agalactiae specific PCR analyses. The remaining 12 samples could not be identified at species level. Because the investigation of other agents which may cause respiratory problems such as Mannheimia was beyond the scope of this study, it is not possible to establish strong association between M. ovipneumoniae and disease. However, it may be logical to put forward that this agent might be the main cause of respiratory problems in at least three flocks in which the isolation rates of 50% or higher were obtained.


We have developed a methodology for predicting combustion and emissions in a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engine. This methodology combines a detailed fluid mechanics code with a detailed chemical kinetics code. Instead of directly linking the two codes, which would require an extremely long computational time, the methodology consists of first running the fluid mechanics code to obtain temperature profiles as a function of time. These temperature profiles are then used as input to a multi-zone chemical kinetics code. The advantage of this procedure is that a small number of zones (10) is enough to obtain accurate results. This procedure achieves the benefits of linking the fluid mechanics and the chemical kinetics codes with a great reduction in the computational effort, to a level that can be handled with current computers. The success of this procedure is in large part a consequence of the fact that for much of the compression stroke the chemistry is inactive and thus has little influence on fluid mechanics and heat transfer. Then, when chemistry is active, combustion is rather sudden, leaving little time for interaction between chemistry and fluid mixing and heat transfer. This sequential methodology has been capable of explaining the mainmore » characteristics of HCCI combustion that have been observed in experiments. In this paper, we use our model to explore an HCCI engine running on propane. The paper compares experimental and numerical pressure traces, heat release rates, and hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions. The results show an excellent agreement, even in parameters that are difficult to predict, such as chemical heat release rates. Carbon monoxide emissions are reasonably well predicted, even though it is intrinsically difficult to make good predictions of CO emissions in HCCI engines. The paper includes a sensitivity study on the effect of the heat transfer correlation on the results of the analysis. Importantly, the paper also shows a numerical study on how parameters such as swirl rate, crevices and ceramic walls could help in reducing HC and CO emissions from HCCI engines.« less


In some food products, we can encounter pesticides, in some cases accidental or intentionally by the manufacturer (insecticides, herbicides, defoliants, etc.) that can cause allergic, neurotoxin, teratogenic and carcinogenic effects. Given the requirement of Law 312/2003, which governs agricultural policy in agriculture on the production and use of fresh vegetables for consumption or industrial processes, they must not contain residues of pesticides and heavy metals, nitrates or other products exceeding the maximum permissible levels. Due to the high content of vitamins and capsaicin in peppers and due to the beneficial effects it has both as food and as therapy, knowing the admitted contents of NPK in the pepper fruit is of major importance in obtaining high-quality vegetables, especially among individual small producers that use crops from local populations. The physiological and biochemical determinations were performed in the Central Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture of Craiova, and the material under study was brought from 5 areas of Oltenia.


- Guidelines from the Dutch College of General Practitioners (NHG), the Scientific Institute of Dutch Pharmacists (WINAp), the Dutch Association for Obstetrics & Gynaecology (NVOG) and the Dutch Expert Centre on Sexuality (Rutgers Nisso Groep) all gave different recommendations on the use of the morning after pill in the event of the contraceptive pill being missed. This is an undesirable situation. - Using the 2004 WHO-recommendations on missed pills as a starting point, new Dutch guidelines were drawn up. The consensus is that in the case of only one pill being missed, no extra precautions are necessary. This is by far the most frequent situation. The forgotten pill should be taken as soon as possible. - Forgetting to take the pill more than once is a rare occurrence. If two or more pills have been missed, advice will be given in accordance with the existing NHG guideline. - The WHO has been requested to initiate research in order to establish if its current recommendations on forgetting more than one contraceptive pill can be supported by better data. - The new recommendations will be implemented into harmonized guidelines thus enabling women to be given the same simple advice at every advisory centre.


This paper is my thesis as part of my studies at the Department of Informatics, at University of Piraeus for the Postgraduate Programme in "Techno-economic Management & Security of Digital Systems". Scope of this paper is to introduce to the reader with the basics of PCI DSS and to guide and provide any sort of assistance to organizations willing to achieve compliance with the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS). As for its practical section, a PCI DSS readiness project has been delivered to a certain Organization willing to determine its level of compliance and get prepared for the PCI DSS assessment.


This volume is the proceedings for the 12th International Symposium on Aquatic Oligochaeta (ISAO), held in Fremantle Western Australia from the 10th to the 13th of September 2012. This was the latest in a series of triennial symposia that began in May 1979 when 31 researchers met for four days in Sidney, British Columbia, Canada, hosted by Ralph Brinkhurst, then of the Institute of Ocean Sciences who has played a pivotal role in the field of oligochaete research for many decades. That first meeting set the scene for regular collegiate gatherings of oligochaetologists that have spawned many collaborations and scientific advances over the past 35 years. Continuity in the oligochaete research community is shown by the fact that four of the researchers that attended the 1979 symposium joined us in Fremantle.


A groundwater plume beneath a capped landfill in north-central Massachusetts contains dissolved arsenic concentrations exceeding 10,000 ppb at several locations. The landfill closed in the early 1990's and contains minimally documented solid waste materials deposited over the course of nearly a century. The source(s), fate, and transport of arsenic in the landfill aquifer have been studied extensively over the past decade; however, the source and pathways of arsenic are not yet fully defined. The primary source of arsenic likely involves a combination of the landfill waste material, the peat, the underlying overburden sequence, and/or bedrock minerals. Arsenic mobilization is most likely assisted by reducing conditions created by the decomposition of organic materials within the landfill and underlying peat present prior to the initiation of waste disposal. Another possibility is an arsenic-bearing groundwater discharging from the underlying bedrock from the oxidation of naturally occurring sulfides. Aqueous arsenic species, including inorganic arsenite [As(III), As(OH)3] and arsenate [As(V), AsO(OH)3], and organic monomethylarsonic acid [MMA(V), CH3AsO(OH)2] and dimethylarsinic acid [DMA(V), (CH3)2AsO(OH)], provide information as to where the arsenic is primarily originating from and how it is transported through the aquifer. Furthermore, the analysis of major ions, metals, and groundwater parameters from different zones of the landfill with varying arsenic concentrations will aid in the delineation of probable arsenic sources, the mobilization processes, and arsenic transport modes within the aquifer. A more complete conceptual site model with respect to arsenic speciation and groundwater chemistry will lead to a better understanding of geochemical processes within and beneath the landfill waste pile and also assist with future remediation of the aquifer. Using arsenic speciation and groundwater chemistry data, it was determined that although all four potential arsenic sources likely contribute to the total arsenic concentrations, the overall contribution from the landfill material, peat layer, and bedrock is minimal relative to the iron-oxyhydroxides coated on the sands particles throughout the aquifer which acts as the primary arsenic source. Oxidation-reduction potential and dissolved oxygen are the controlling factors in relation to mobilization and transport of arsenic species from aquifer features and an understanding of these processes at the local level can be further applied to global-scale arsenic contamination.


Summary With the rapid growth of CBD technology, two or more components from different vendors are integrated and interact with each other to perform a certain function in the component- based software. The main interest of component users who develop applications using components developed already, is to confirm that the component is collaborating with other components according to the requirements. Interoperability test is to check how those components collaborate each other in component user context not in the component development context. Therefore, the research on the interoperability is crucially important. In this paper, a new technique is proposed for generating a test case which is necessary for checking the interoperability of the components in the component-based software.


Quality Management in software development is a topic that has become very important. A lot of resources and effort has been invested in making formal routines and process descriptions, which have resulted in extensive systems, so-called Quality Management Systems(QMS). This thesis investigates attitudes towards such systems, seen from both software developers and quality managers points of view. During the fall of 2005, a student project in the subject Depth Study in Software Engineering TDT4735, in form of a qualitative empirical study was performed. Through interviews with developers and quality managers in different Norwegian software companies, it identified some interesting issues to further investigate. As an extension of that depth project, this Masters' Thesis goes further into the area of Quality Management Systems, by presenting a quantitative study. The main research questions for this thesis are: RQ1 Certification today, a must or just more work? RQ2 Developers vs Managers. A battle for quality? RQ3 How make a QMS work? In addition to the main empirical study, the thesis also consists of a brief field study towards two of the largest ICT organisations in Norway, and describes what they consider to be the most interesting and challenging aspects of quality assurance and process improvement in Norwegian software industry.


By focusing on new features of data products and, based on game theoretical models, we study three pricing mechanisms' performance and their effects on the participants in the data industry from the data supply chain perspective. A win-win pricing strategy for the players in the data supply chain is proposed. We obtain analytical solutions in each pricing mechanism, including the decentralized and centralized pricing, Nash Bargaining pricing, and revenue sharing mechanism. Our findings show that: (1) the decentralized pricing has the lowest performance; (2) although Nash Bargaining pricing can achieve the centralized channel performance, the upstream data provider and downstream application provider can only equally divide the total channel profit; (3) revenue sharing mechanism, in which the data provider subsidizes the application provider, can achieve the first best performance and divide the maximum profit arbitrarily. Accordingly, end-users benefit mostly from the bargaining pricing and revenue sharing.


Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) may aggregate platelets via a common membrane receptor(s). To further characterize this receptor, binding of the radiolabeled TXA2/PGH2 mimetic [125I]BOP to washed human platelets (WP) was investigated. [125I]BOP was competitively displaced from its platelet binding site by stable TXA2/PGH2 analogues. Competition curves were shallow with Hill coefficients of -0.73 +/- 0.05 (P less than 0.001 different from unity) (90 +/- 1% specific binding). Scatchard plots were curvilinear and most consistent with two binding sites; a high-affinity site with Kd of 234 +/- 103 pM, Bmax of 0.7 +/- 0.3 pM/mg protein (180 +/- 87 sites/WP), and a lower affinity site with Kd of 2.31 +/- 0.86 nM, Bmax of 2.2 +/- 0.3 pM/mg protein (666 +/- 65 sites/WP). [125I]BOP association and dissociation kinetics gave a Kd of 157 pM without evidence of negative cooperativity. The EC50 for I-BOP-induced initial Ca2+ increase was 209 +/- 24 pM, shape change was 263 +/- 65 pM, and aggregation was 4.4 +/- 0.5 nM. Parallel binding studies using the TXA2/PGH2 receptor antagonist [125I]PTA-OH showed a single binding site. The rank order for TXA2/PGH2 analogues to displace [125I]PTA-OH was identical to that for [125I]BOP. These studies indicate that [125I]BOP binds to two distinct sites on human platelets that may represent platelet TXA2/PGH2 receptor subtypes. The close correlation of IC50 values for I-BOP-induced platelet shape change and aggregation with the two Kds for [125I]BOP binding suggests that these platelet responses may be independently mediated by the two putative receptors.


Interplay between cancer epithelial cells and the surrounding immune cells shape the tumor microenvironment to promote cancer progression. Tumor‐associated macrophages are well recognized for their roles in cancer progression. Accumulating evidence also indicates implication of Rab small GTPase‐mediated exocytosis in tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism for Rab‐mediated exocytosis in regulation of macrophage polarization is not clear. We have previously identified Rab37 as a metastasis suppressor in lung cancer. In our study, we identified a novel Rab37 trafficking cargo soluble ST2 (sST2), which skewed macrophage polarization toward anti‐tumoral M1‐like phenotype in vitro. We further demonstrated that Rab37‐mediated sST2 secretion significantly increased the ratio of M1 vs. M2 in xenografts and thus reduced tumor growth. Moreover, lung cancer patients with low Rab37, low sST2 and low ratio of M1 vs. M2 macrophages expression profile correlated with worse overall survival examined by Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that this Rab37‐sST2‐M1/M2 expression profile predicted poor prognosis. Our findings reveal a novel regulation of cancerous Rab37 in microenvironmental macrophages polarization, which preferentially shifts to anti‐tumoral phenotype and thereby suppresses lung tumor growth.


COVID-19 has infected 223 countries and caused 2.8 million deaths worldwide (at the time of writing this article), and the death rate is increasing continuously. Early diagnosis of COVID patients is a critical challenge for medical practitioners, governments, organizations, and countries to overcome the rapid spread of the deadly virus in any geographical area. In this situation, the previous epidemic evidence on Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques encouraged the researchers to play a significant role in detecting COVID-19. Similarly, the rising scope of ML/DL methodologies in the medical domain also advocates its significant role in COVID-19 detection. This systematic review presents ML and DL techniques practiced in this era to predict, diagnose, classify, and detect the coronavirus. In this study, the data was retrieved from three prevalent full-text archives, i.e., Science Direct, Web of Science, and PubMed, using the search code strategy on 16 March 2021. Using professional assessment, among 961 articles retrieved by an initial query, only 40 articles focusing on ML/DL-based COVID-19 detection schemes were selected. Findings have been presented as a country-wise distribution of publications, article frequency, various data collection, analyzed datasets, sample sizes, and applied ML/DL techniques. Precisely, this study reveals that ML/DL technique accuracy lay between 80% to 100% when detecting COVID-19. The RT-PCR-based model with Support Vector Machine (SVM) exhibited the lowest accuracy (80%), whereas the X-ray-based model achieved the highest accuracy (99.7%) using a deep convolutional neural network. However, current studies have shown that an anal swab test is super accurate to detect the virus. Moreover, this review addresses the limitations of COVID-19 detection along with the detailed discussion of the prevailing challenges and future research directions, which eventually highlight outstanding issues.


The strength and power of structured prediction approaches in machine learning originates from a proper recognition and exploitation of inherent structural dependencies within complex objects, which structural models are trained to output. Among the complex tasks that benefited from structured prediction approaches, clustering is of a special interest. Structured output models based on representing clusters by latent graph structures made the task of supervised clustering tractable. While in practice these models proved effective in solving the complex NLP task of coreference resolution, in this thesis, we aim at exploring their capacity to be extended to other tasks and domains, as well as the methods for performing such adaptation and for improvement in general, which, as a result, go beyond clustering and are commonly applicable in structured prediction.
Studying the extensibility of the structural approaches for supervised clustering, we apply them to two different domains in two different ways. First, in the networking domain, we do clustering of network traffic by adapting the model, taking into account the continuity of incoming data. Our experiments demonstrate that the structural clustering approach is not only effective in such a scenario, but also, if changing the perspective, provides a novel potentially useful tool for detecting anomalies. The other part of our work is dedicated to assessing the amenability of the structural clustering model to joint learning with another structural model, for ranking. Our preliminary analysis in the context of the task of answer-passage reranking in question answering reveals a potential benefit of incorporating auxiliary clustering structures.
Due to the intrinsic complexity of the clustering task and, respectively, its evaluation scenarios, it gave us grounds for studying the possibility and the effect from optimizing task-specific complex measures in structured prediction algorithms. It is common for structured prediction approaches to optimize surrogate loss functions, rather than the actual task-specific ones, in or- der to facilitate inference and preserve efficiency. In this thesis, we, first, study when surrogate losses are sufficient and, second, make a step towards enabling direct optimization of complex structural loss functions. We propose to learn an approximation of a complex loss by a regressor from data. We formulate a general structural framework for learning with a learned loss, which, applied to a particular case of a clustering problem – coreference resolution, i) enables the optimization of a coreference metric, by itself, having high computational complexity, and ii) delivers an improvement over the standard structural models optimizing simple surrogate objectives. We foresee this idea being helpful in many structured prediction applications, also as a means of adaptation to specific evaluation scenarios, and especially when a good loss approximation is found by a regressor from an induced feature space allowing good factorization over the underlying structure.


A general approach to the modifications of the spectrum of a laser pulse interacting with matter is elaborated and used for spectral diagnostics of laser wakefield generation in guiding structures. Analytical predictions of the laser frequency red shift due to the wakefield excited in a capillary waveguide are confirmed by self-consistent modeling results. The role of ionization blue shift, and nonlinear laser pulse and wakefield dynamics on the spectrum modification, is analyzed for recent experiments on plasma wave excitation by an intense laser pulse guided in hydrogen-filled glass capillary tubes up to 8 cm long. The dependence of the spectral frequency shift, measured as a function of filling pressure, capillary tube length and incident laser energy, is in excellent agreement with the simulation results, and the associated longitudinal accelerating field is in the range 1–10 GV m−1.


Currently, law schools tie together five quite distinct services in one package, offered to a limited number of students. These five functions are: (1) impartation of knowledge, (2) counseling/placement, (3) credentialing (awarding grades and degrees), (4) coercion, and (5) club membership. Students do not have the opportunity to pay for just the services they want or to buy each of the five services from different providers. This article proposes an "unbundled" system in which the five services presently performed by law schools would be rendered by many different kinds of organizations, each specializing in only one function or an aspect of one function. Unbundling of legal education along functional lines would substantially increase student options and dramatically increase competition and innovation by service providers. This offers the hope of making available more individualized and better instruction and giving students remarkable freedom of choice as to courses, schedules, work-pace, instructional media, place of residence, and site of learning. Most importantly, this improved education would be available on an "open admissions" basis at much lower cost to many more individuals throughout the nation, or even the world. In order to explain how to restructure the existing law school system, this article will discuss the five educational services presently performed by law schools, the disadvantages of tying these services together, a hypothetical unbundled world of legal education, the advantages of the unbundled system, answers to some possible objections to the system, and some recent developments in the use of technology and distance learning in law schools. The main theme of this article is the advantage of unbundling. A more modest sub-theme is the benefit of use of technology and distance learning.


In this paper, we present a novel approach for automatically learning a compact and yet discriminative appearance-based human action model. A video sequence is represented by a bag of spatiotemporal features called video-words by quantizing the extracted 3D interest points (cuboids) from the videos. Our proposed approach is able to automatically discover the optimal number of video-word clusters by utilizing maximization of mutual information(MMI). Unlike the k-means algorithm, which is typically used to cluster spatiotemporal cuboids into video words based on their appearance similarity, MMI clustering further groups the video-words, which are highly correlated to some group of actions. To capture the structural information of the learnt optimal video-word clusters, we explore the correlation of the compact video-word clusters. We use the modified correlogram, which is not only translation and rotation invariant, but also somewhat scale invariant. We extensively test our proposed approach on two publicly available challenging datasets: the KTH dataset and IXMAS multiview dataset. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to try the bag of video-words related approach on the multiview dataset. We have obtained very impressive results on both datasets.


Research QuestionCan integrated case management by a multi-agency partnership of the relations between offenders and victims with repeated incidents of intimate partner violence (IPV) reduce the frequency or severity of harm from that violence?DataThree batches of 60 IPV dyads were enrolled in a trial, with data collected on services delivered to them and police records for 2 years before and 2 years after random assignment to treatment and control groups.MethodsThe study measured the delivery of all three elements of treatment offered: (1) victim support through Berkshire Women's Aid, (2) one-to-one perpetrator counselling through motivational interviewing techniques and (3) follow-up visits to the home addresses of perpetrators and victims. The outcomes for each couple in severity of harm were compared in a before-after, difference-of-differences analysis of Cambridge Crime Harm Index scores. After-only frequency of non-criminal domestic conflict events was also compared.FindingsDelivery of programme elements was highly variable, but more intense in the treatment group than in control, especially in terms of police visits to offenders (T = 60%, C = zero). Mean difference between 24 months of post-random assignment and the 24 months baseline period for C cases was an increase of 4.15 Cambridge Crime Harm Index (CHI) prison days, while T cases had a mean change of 8.85 fewer CHI days in prison in post-assignment than in baseline. This difference was significant with outliers removed, but not with two control group baseline cases included. There was also a substantially higher rate of frequency of non-crime events in the 24 months after random assignment in T (112) than in C (85).ConclusionsThe overall effect of the programme appeared to have been beneficial, as measured by the Crime Harm Index. The evidence cannot specify how much of that benefit was caused by the more consistent police visits to offenders versus other elements of the programme for both victims and offenders.


Recently, Haggerty and Wright suggested that HR could be reconceptualised as signals sent to employees rather than practices. We examine this novel approach and consider how it fits in the practice. In hospitals, ward managers are intermediaries in relation to signals that are passed between upper managers and their staff. We discuss to what extent ward managers have the analytical and functional skills required to interpret and convey complex signals to the staff under their jurisdiction. We draw conclusions about the role of ward managers in the HR function of hospitals. There are theoretical and practical implications for the role of line managers more generally, beyond the hospital context.


The presence of the woman is not to be overlooked. Sigmund Freud "Cynewulf and Cyneheard" is the entry for 755/757 in The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, a historical record compiled during the reign of King Alfred (871-899 C.E.).(1) The 755/757 annal has attracted generations of scholars from several disciplines: political and social historians because it may shed some light on the theoretical movement from kinship to comitatus loyalty; linguists because it may contain a rare example of direct speech; and literary critics because it is an unusually engaging narrative, quite unlike the sparse entries ordinarily found in the Chronicle. (For a summary of the story, see the appendix.) "Cynewulf and Cyneheard" is difficult to translate because of its "spontaneous syntax and free word-order" and, especially, its many ambiguous pronouns.(2) As Kevin Crossley-Holland remarks, its style is "colloquial, almost breathless," and "rather muddling to those unfamiliar with the circumstances. . . ."(3) Mitchell and Robinson speak for most other commentators when they describe "Cynewulf and Cyneheard" as "a narrative which exemplifies one of the cardinal virtues of Germanic society in the heroic age: unswerving loyalty to one's sworn leader, even when that loyalty is in conflict with claims of kinship."(4) However, there is considerable critical controversy on this and many other points. An abundance of translations has also followed this narrative through the years, many of them based on questionable assumptions. As Fredrik Heinemann observes, this little story "has had to endure" considerable "over-explication."(5) These controversies are beyond the scope of the present study: my concern in this essay is the woman Cynewulf was visiting at Merton. Although many "far-reaching assumptions" have followed her throughout the years,(6) to the best of my knowledge there has been no critical discussion about this woman in the extensive, predominantly male, commentary on "Cynewulf and Cyneheard." She has, however, "endured" several questionable translations. We first meet the woman at Merton in the sentence, "Ond pa geascode he pone cyning lytle werode on wifcyppe on Merantune, ond hine paer berad ond pone bur utan beeode aer hine pa men onfunden pe mid pam kyninge waerun," which most twentieth-century translators render, "And Cyneheard discovered that the king was at Merton visiting his mistress with a small following, and he [Cyneheard] overtook him [Cynewulf] there and surrounded the chamber before the men who were with the king became aware of him [Cyneheard]."(7) We hear of the woman for the second, and last time during the first battle, when Cynewulf is slain by Cyneheard and his men: "Ond (a on paes wifes gebaerum onfundon paes cyniges pegnas pa unstilnesse, ond (a pider urnon swa hwelc swa ponne gearo wearp ond radost," usually translated as "Then, by the woman's outcry, the king's thanes became aware of the disturbance and went there, each as he got ready and as quickly as possible." Traditional criticism of "Cynewulf and Cyneheard" has been content to keep the woman at Merton where the annalist left her, in the margins of a story about men. However, for a feminist reader, several urgent questions arise. First of all, what happened to the woman? The annalist reports of Cynewulf's party that, after the first battle, "hie alle laegon butan anum Bryttiscum gisle" [they all lay dead except for a British hostage].(8) Does this mean that the woman was killed too?(9) Who was this woman? What was she doing in Merton? What was her relationship to Cynewulf? Furthermore, the phrase on wifcyppe is disturbing. It denotes a masculine activity; it speaks of the woman as an event, not as an active and independent character, such as we have in Cynewulf and Cyneheard, or Osric, or even the British hostage. In their glossary, Mitchell and Robinson give "company or intimacy with a woman" for wifcyppu, thus raising further questions: Does this word appear in other Old English texts? …


Aim.  To modify the calculated parameters of the lenticle extraction refractive surgery through a small access (SMILE), evaluate its safety and clinical efficacy in correcting high myopia. Materials and methods.  34 patients (68 eyes) underwent surgery by a modified SMILE technology under local anesthesia. In all cases, the patients had a high degree of myopia, in 37 % in combination with astigmatism. Uncorrected visual acuity before surgery averaged 0.05 ± 0.11, best corrected visual acuity of 0.94 ± 0.1, the pre-operative spherical refraction component was –7.23 ± 0.75, the cylindrical component was –0.48 ± 0.59. During the operation, to obtain the maximum possible refraction result using the proposed method, the standard operation parameters were changed: the corneal flap thickness was reduced to 100 μ m, the neural optical layer by 5 μ m, the diameter of the optical zone depended on the residual cornea thickness, which should exceed 280–290 μ m. Corneal access was increased by 15–20 degrees. Results.  The next day after surgery, monocular uncorrected visual acuity in distance in 73 % of patients was 0.8 or higher, and in 41 % of cases it was equal to or exceeded 1.0. The spherical equivalent on the first day after surgery had a slight hypermetropic shift, which was completely leveled by the year of follow-up. During the surgical intervention and in the postoperative period, no complications were noted. Conclusion.  Using the proposed algorithm for calculating the refractive effect of the operation SMILE with a high degree of myopia allows obtaining a high refractive effect and avoiding possible complications.


This paper proposes new channel interference cancellation technique using an electrooptic (EO) switch and optical hardlimiters for direct-detection optical code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems. In the proposed system, the received signal is split into two paths, a signal path and a reference path. The channel interference in a reference path is reduced by double optical hardlimiters. The output of a reference path drives the EO switch to reduce the effect of the channel interference in a signal path. When the reference signal is larger than or equal to the threshold of the driver circuit, the EO switch is turned on, that is, set in the bar state and the signal in a signal path is passed to an avalanche photodiode (APD); Otherwise, the EO switch is turned off, that is, set in the cross state and the signal is not passed to the APD. It is shown that the proposed system is effective to reduce the effect of the channel interference when the received optical power is large and when the effect of the channel interference is large. Moreover, it is shown that the proposed system can improve the floor probabilities of the systems with and without double optical hardlimiters.


Motivation and idea: Entrepreneurial culture has been considered to have a significant positive relation with the organizational growth and self-efficacy. However, the success of entrepreneurial culture has been challenged by the COVID-19 pandemic and its influence on the well-being of employees who work in labour-intensive industries. More specifically, the level of stress among these workers is increased and that can result in physical and mental health issues, resulting in low mood and motivation, anxiety, depression, burnout, suicidal thoughts, etc. This may ultimately influence the turnover intention in these industries. Research goal: This paper investigates whether a relationship exists between entrepreneurial organizational culture and turnover intention. The goal of this study is to explore the relationship between entrepreneurial organizational culture and turnover intention in labour-intensive industries with a focus on the mediating role of fear of COVID-19, psychological distress and job satisfaction in turnover intention. Data: Quantitative research on 408 respondents has been conducted, whose results can serve as a reference for designing adequate human resource policies in labour-intensive industries. Findings: This study shows that Covid-19 challenged not only economic and financial sustainability, but also the physical and mental well-being of the people. It shows that the organizations that foster an entrepreneurial culture assist people in reducing stress, resulting in members of those organizations experiencing less tension and fear, which is an important part of one's health at such a chaotic time. Contribution: The paper is the first of its kind study and it expands existing research related to organizational culture during the pandemic, thus formulating practical suggestions to future leaders. This study has important implications for practitioners. Although no similar studies exist within the labour-intensive businesses, the analysis of these aspects will enable the leaders to assess and strengthen their connections to the company and to determine which segments of their organizational culture need to be improved so that  employees should be happier and more satisfied.


Numerical modelling has been used for a number of years for problems relating to soft-ground tunnelling (i.e. where the ground being excavated is not rock). Three problems require solutions in soft ground tunnelling. Firstly the effects tunnelling will have on the surroundings are determined. Secondly, the stability of the works during and after construction must be assessed. The third problem is the design of the tunnel permanent lining. This chapter will cover aspects of the first two problems only.

The first problem, that of determining the effects of tunnelling, is a major area of interest in the UK and elsewhere. The motivation is the increasing number of new tunnels proposed for urban areas. Installation of a tunnel in soft ground inevitably leads to movement of the surface above, particularly if the tunnel is shallow (i.e. having a depth of cover up to 30m). Semi-empirical techniques have been developed in the past to predict these movements. However, these methods have the drawback that they cannot adequately deal with the presence of structures on the surface which themselves change the movement pattern due to their stiffness and weight.

Recent research has led to the development of models that include more accurate modelling of soil behaviour, particularly for clays, and simulation of modern tunnelling techniques such as sprayed concrete lining. Some of this recent modelling is reviewed here.

Assessing stability is commonly approached using analytical approaches, which have been developed from empirical rules, or through the use of plasticity approaches. Of more interest to computational researchers are quasi-finite element techniques also based on classical plasticity. The use of these methods on collapse problems in tunnelling by the author is demonstrated in this chapter.


In this paper, we propose a method of reducing the latency of cross-domain remote procedure call (RPC). Traditional systems use separate address spaces to provide memory protection between separate processes, but even with a highly optimized RPC system, the cost of switching between address spaces can make cross-domain RPC prohibitively expensive.

Our approach is to use anonymity instead of hardware page tables for protection. Logically independent memory segments are placed at random locations in the same address space and protection domain. With 64-bit virtual addresses, it is unlikely that a process will be able to locate any other segment by accidental or malicious memory probes; it is impossible to corrupt a segment without knowing its location. The benefit is that a cross-domain RPC need not involve a hardware context switch. Measurements of our prototype implementation show that a round-trip null RPC takes only 7.7us on an Intel 486-33.


The focus of the present study is on the interdependence of language and regional identity set with the framework of language ideology and theory of practice. It is based on a quantitative investigation of the language attitudes of 1, 154 secondary students from the multicultural region of Istria, which explores their perceptions of regional and national standard varieties, and relates those perceptions to the social conditions affording status and/or solidarity value at the regional linguistic market. By investigating linguistic categorization, self-making and " othering" within the region, as well as spatial orientations of the respondents, the present study analyzes ways used by speakers to define their sense of self and to contrast themselves with others in terms of the region and in terms of the different language varieties. The results demonstrate the correspondence among the observed evaluation patterns with the strong regional movement and multicultural orientation of Istria. The emerging regional identity is characterized linguistically by persistence of the regional codes due to their symbolic and solidarity value and by resistance against hegemony and symbolic domination of the standard language.


In this thesis we consider three different problems in the domain of portfolio optimisation. The first problem we consider is that of selecting an Absolute Return Portfolio (ARP). ARPs are usually seen as financial portfolios that aim to produce a good return regardless of how the underlying market performs, but our literature review shows that there is little agreement on what constitutes an ARP. We present a clear definition via a three-stage mixed-integer zero-one program for the problem of selecting an ARP. The second problem considered is that of designing a Market Neutral Portfolio (MNP). MNPs are generally defined as financial portfolios that (ideally) exhibit performance independent from that of an underlying market, but, once again, the existing literature is very fragmented. We consider the problem of constructing a MNP as a mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP) which minimises the absolute value of the correlation between portfolio return and underlying benchmark return. The third problem is related to Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs). ETFs are funds traded on the open market which typically have their performance tied to a benchmark index. They are composed of a basket of assets; most attempt to reproduce the returns of an index, but a growing number try to achieve a multiple of the benchmark return, such as two times or the negative of the return. We present a detailed performance study of the current ETF market and we find, among other conclusions, constant underperformance among ETFs that aim to do more than simply track an index. We present a MINLP for the problem of selecting the basket of assets that compose an ETF, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first in the literature. For all three models we present extensive computational results for portfolios derived from universes defined by S&P international equity indices with up to 1200 stocks. We use CPLEX to solve the ARP problem and the software package Minotaur for both our MINLPs for MNP and an ETF.


There is evidence that adding motion-tracked avatars to virtual environments increases users' sense of presence. High quality motion capture systems are cost sensitive for the average user and low cost resource-constrained systems introduce various forms of error to the tracking. Much research has looked at the impact of particular kinds of error, primarily latency, on factors such as body ownership, but it is still not known what level of tracking error is permissible in these systems to afford compelling social interaction. This paper presents a series of experiments employing a sizable subject pool (n=96) that study the impact of motion tracking errors on user experience for activities including social interaction and virtual object manipulation. Diverse forms of error that arise in tracking are examined, including latency, popping (jumps in position), stuttering (positions held in time) and constant noise. The focus is on error on a person's own avatar, but some conditions also include error on an interlocutor, which appears underexplored. The picture that emerges is complex. Certain forms of error impact performance, a person's sense of embodiment' enjoyment and perceived usability, while others do not. Notably, evidence was not found that tracking errors impact social presence, even when those errors are severe.


Walking in my Mind showcases the work of 10 international artists to try to explore the "inner workings of the artist's imagination." Each of the galleries and terraces of the Hayward Gallery has been transformed into an individual "mindscape."

Floating body parts, giant oesophaguses, and eerie dream-like rooms of impenetrable threads, stretched from wall to wall, make Walking in my Mind a frenetic hop, skip, and jump. Although at times confusing and challenging, this exhibition offers a thought provoking foray into the depths of the human psyche.

Thomas Hirschhorn's Cavemanman is a meandering series of tunnels that link caves of cardboard and parcel tape. Foil covered mannequins wired up to dynamite suggest an underlying paranoia. The artist likens his creation to …


This study estimates grower benefits of Roundup-Ready ® (RR) weed management programs and how weed-resistance concerns and resistance-management practices affect those benefits. Direct survey methods were used to elicit grower valuation of pecuniary and non-pecuniary benefits. We illustrate a hedonic strategy combined with principal component analysis to address part-whole bias present in previous assessments of non-pecuniary benefits of RR crops. Based on a national telephone survey of 1,205 growers, the mean reported benefit of RR relative to conventional seed varieties was more than $20 per acre for corn and soybean growers and about $50 per acre for cotton growers. Growers concerned about weed resistance reported lower benefits, but this effect was statistically significant only for cotton growers, reducing their perceived benefits by about 20% ($10 per acre). Use of a residual herbicide and annual rotation of herbicides are two practices to reduce the risk of weed resistance. Corn growers using residual herbicides perceived lower, though still positive, benefits. Soybean growers rotating herbicides perceived benefits to be higher. Growers more concerned about herbicide application costs and crop safety report lower benefits, while those more concerned about the flexibility of timing herbicide applications report higher RR benefits.


Administration deals with the issue of calculating the value of the work because of its importance in the selection of employees. There are two different methods the (QUANTITATIVE) technique and (QUALITATIVE) technique. In this research we have addressed ourselves to one of the quantitalive method, in order to Calculate the (RELATIVE FACTORS IMPORTANCE) to the value of work, by using linear programming method ,to build a linear model characterized by realistic values of results obtained but not including the value of the wage paid (PERFORMANCE EVALUATION) in any relation of the model proposed. The important results derived from the research is the possibility of assessing the efficiency of performance in a more equitable and less time and efforts of the adoption of this approach of research, using custom software calculator to solve this kind of problems. Keyword: Linear programming, Goal programming, job evalution, management Science.


What if you could rub your computer three times and get the answers to all your pressing questions? That isn't possible yet, but the new Djinni (Dow Jones International Network for News and Information) service comes close. More than simple information retrieval, Djinni allows you to follow topics of interest, compile historical backgrounds to important events, make your own connections between new stories, and share that information with co‐workers worldwide.


In these studies, we analyzed the effects of ozone on bronchiolar epithelium. Exposure of rats to ozone (2 ppm, 3 h) resulted in rapid (within 3 h) and persistent (up to 72 h) histological changes in the bronchiolar epithelium, including hypercellularity, loss of cilia, and necrotizing bronchiolitis. Perivascular edema and vascular congestion were also evident, along with a decrease in Clara cell secretory protein in bronchoalveolar lavage, which was maximal 24 h post-exposure. Ozone also induced the appearance of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, Ym1, and heme oxygenase-1 in the bronchiolar epithelium. This was associated with increased expression of cleaved caspase-9 and beclin-1, indicating initiation of apoptosis and autophagy. A rapid and persistent increase in galectin-3, a regulator of epithelial cell apoptosis, was also observed. Following ozone exposure (3-24 h), increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and arginase-1 was noted in bronchiolar epithelium. Ozone-induced injury and oxidative stress in bronchiolar epithelium were linked to methacholine-induced alterations in pulmonary mechanics. Thus, significant increases in lung resistance and elastance, along with decreases in lung compliance and end tidal volume, were observed at higher doses of methacholine. This indicates that ozone causes an increase in effective stiffness of the lung as a consequence of changes in the conducting airways. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that bronchiolar epithelium is highly susceptible to injury and oxidative stress induced by acute exposure to ozone; moreover, this is accompanied by altered lung functioning.


Monospecific laminae of the species Nannoconus abundans (calcareous nannofossil, incertae sedis) were studied from the Munk Marl of North Jens-1, Danish Central Trough. These laminae contained unusual twin specimens which are considered to represent natural associations, rather than preservation artefacts.


Congenital and perinatal infections still represent a serious health hazard for newborns and infants. Many bacterial, viral and protozoal infections may be transmitted from the mother to the fetus or the newborn. In this review we shall deal only with the latter two groups of infectious agents focusing on those that have a larger diffusion and a greater impact and for which criteria for the serological diagnosis have been established. Among viral infections we shall then consider rubella virus (RV), human cytomegalovirus (CMV), parvovirus B19 (ParvoB19), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) and for parasitic infections, we will focus on Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). For each of those a summary of the characteristics of the pathogen, the frequency of transmission and the sequelae to the newborns and infants are provided and the description of the available screening tools in potentially infected pregnant women are described, with special attention to the unmet needs and controversies. Finally, the indication of the available or potential vaccines and of the possibility to prevent transmission by pharmacological treatment is also provided.


: A new method of typing an adjustable slide knot is presented. This knot retains the advantages of previously described slide knots and does not show undue slippage. This technique allows additional precision of wound closure in ophthalmic microsurgery.


Bernard Rollin argues that it is permissible to change an animal's telos through genetic engineering, if it doesn't harm the animal's welfare. Recent attempts to undermine his argument rely either on the claim that diminishing certain capacities always harms an animal's welfare or on the claim that it always violates an animal's integrity. I argue that these fail. However, respect for animal dignity provides a defeasible reason not to engineer an animal in a way that inhibits the development of those functions that a member of its species can normally perform, even if the modification would improve the animal's welfare.


Shade avoidance in plants involves rapid shoot elongation to grow toward the light. Cell wall-modifying mechanisms are vital regulatory points for control of these elongation responses. Two protein families involved in cell wall modification are expansins and xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases. We used an alpine and a prairie ecotype of Stellaria longipes differing in their response to shade to study the regulation of cell wall extensibility in response to low red to far-red ratio (R/FR), an early neighbor detection signal, and dense canopy shade (green shade: low R/FR, blue, and total light intensity). Alpine plants were nonresponsive to low R/FR, while prairie plants elongated rapidly. These responses reflect adaptation to the dense vegetation of the prairie habitat, unlike the alpine plants, which almost never encounter shade. Under green shade, both ecotypes rapidly elongate, showing that alpine plants can react only to a deep shade treatment. Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase activity was strongly regulated by green shade and low blue light conditions but not by low R/FR. Expansin activity, expressed as acid-induced extension, correlated with growth responses to all light changes. Expansin genes cloned from the internodes of the two ecotypes showed differential regulation in response to the light manipulations. This regulation was ecotype and light signal specific and correlated with the growth responses. Our results imply that elongation responses to shade require the regulation of cell wall extensibility via the control of expansin gene expression. Ecotypic differences demonstrate how responses to environmental stimuli are differently regulated to survive a particular habitat.


By optimizing the number of look-ahead steps of the first layer of the previous low-latency architectures for M-step look-ahead high-throughput rate Viterbi decoders, this paper improves the hardware efficiency by large percentage with slight increase or even further decrease of the latency for the add-compare-select (ACS) computation. This is true especially when the encoder constraint length (K) is large. For example, when K = 7 and M varies from 21 to 84, 20.83% to 41.27% of the hardware cost in previous low latency Viterbi method can be saved with only up to 12% increase or 4% decrease of the latency of the conventional M-step look-ahead Viterbi decoder. The proposed architecture also relaxes the constraint on the look-ahead level M to be a multiple of K as was needed in the previous work. For example, when K = 7 and M (indivisible by K) varies from 40 to 80, 60.27% to 69.3% latency of conventional M-step look ahead Viterbi architecture can be reduced at the expense of 148.62% to 320.20% extra hardware complexity.


Space-time coding (STC) schemes for communication systems employing multiple transmit and receive antennas have been attracting increased attention. In this paper, we address two interrelated problems: detection of space-time codes under various interference conditions and information transfer from the STC detector to an error-correcting channel decoder. By taking a systematic maximum-likelihood (ML) approach to the joint detection and decoding problem, we show how to design optimal detectors and how to integrate them with a channel decoder. We also discuss various aspects of channel modeling for STC communication receivers. In particular, while many previous works on space-time coding assume that the channel is a stochastic quantity, we find that a deterministic channel model can have some advantages for the receiver design. Finally, we illustrate our results by numerical examples. Index Terms-Interference suppression, maximum-likelihood estimation, maximum-likelihood sequence detection, MIMO systems, space-time coding, soft information.


The unsupervised task of aligning two or more distributions in a shared latent space has many applications including fair representations, batch effect mitigation, and unsupervised domain adaptation. Existing flow-based approaches estimate multiple flows independently, which is equivalent to learning multiple full generative models. Other approaches require adversarial learning, which can be computationally expensive and challenging to optimize. Thus, we aim to jointly align multiple distributions while avoiding adversarial learning. Inspired by efficient alignment algorithms from optimal transport (OT) theory for univariate distributions, we develop a simple iterative method to build deep and expressive flows. Our method decouples each iteration into two subproblems: 1) form a variational approximation of a distribution divergence and 2) minimize this variational approximation via closed-form invertible alignment maps based on known OT results. Our empirical results give evidence that this iterative algorithm achieves competitive distribution alignment at low computational cost while being able to naturally handle more than two distributions.


Web services can help facilitate the exchange and utilization of geotechnical information. Such data is of critical interest to a growing number of municipal, state, and federal agencies as well as private enterprises. However, the lack of service infrastructures among heterogeneous data sources operating under different administrative organizations or agencies hampers the full use of geotechnical information. This article describes a Web-services-based way to manage geotechnical data via XML


OCCUPATIONAL TIIERAPY HELPERS AND ASSISTANTS IN HEALm AND SOCIAL SERVICES. PeggyJay. Disabled Living Foundation 1991. 159pp. £7.50. o901908 56 8. This book describes the results of a study carried out by Peggy Jay on behalf of the Disabled Living Foundation on the employment of occupational therapy helpers and assistants in health and local authority services. The book is fairly large (159 pages A4 size) and contains a large amount of information obtained from questionnaires, but the detailed contents pages and clear format enable the reader to find relevant sections without diffiCUlty. Results of NHS and local authority questionnaires are summarised separately, under the headings of characteristics of helpers, ratios and staffing levels, where helpers worked, what helpers did, occupational therapists' views on helpers, supervision, recruitment and training.. A detailed breakdown of the data gathered appears later in the book and the information is well illustrated by tables, diagrams and pie charts.. There is a section which compares NHS and local.authonty findings. The methodology used is summarised, then described in detail, although a sample of the questionnaire is not included. The 'Discussion' section provides background information to the project, and looks at associated issues such as generic workers and National Vocational Qualifications. Although some of the results of the survey are predictable, the book contains a wealth of new and useful information about the employment of helpers. It describes a wide variance of practice in the way helpers are used and the amount of supervision and training they receive, and the conclusions and recommendations section draws this information together and suggests possible action. This book is essential reading for all occupational therapists working with helpers/assistants, and should prove a useful guide when looking at planning future services, skills mix and training. Janet Jones, District Occupational Therapist. West Berkshire Health Authority.


Excerpt] In his article "The Rise and Demise of PATCO" (Northrup 1984), Herbert Northrup presents a narrow and misleading explanation of the ill-fated air traffic controllers' strike of 1981. Northrup's thesis is that the goal of the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO) strike was to establish the right to bargain over wages within a private sector framework. He attributes the failure of the strike to the union's inept leadership and praises the Reagan administration for its firm response to the challenge presented by PATCO. Although most of the facts he reports are accurate, Northrup omits crucial information regarding the management style of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the internal dynamics of PATCO. Based on this additional information, we will argue that PATCO'S primary goal was to address the work-related problems of the rank-and-file specifically by reducing the work week and improving the retirement system; that the primary cause of the strike was rank-andfile frustration with autocratic management; and that the Reagan administration joined forces with career FAA managers to destroy PATCO without giving sufficient consideration to less drastic alternatives.


Statement of purpose To determine whether the Q-angle, measured in a defined and reproducible manner, correlates with the TT-TG distance in patients with patellar instability. Methods and results The Q-angle represents the angle between the vector of action of the quadriceps and patellar tendon. The normal angle is 14 +/− 3° in males and 17 +/− 3° in females. An increased Q-angle is associated with an increased risk of patellar instability, although there is disagreement on its reliability and validity. It can be affected by the anatomical points used to record the measurement, the position of the limb and whether the quadriceps are relaxed or contracted. TT-TG is ascertained by axial CT scanning, with a value exceeding 20mm associated with patellar instability. Q-angles were measured in patients presenting to the patella clinic who had previously undergone Lyon protocol CT scanning for patellar instability. Patients were positioned supine with both feet in neutral rotation taped to a specially designed wooden board (the same position used for CT scanning). The anatomical landmarks were the anterior superior iliac spine, the centre of the patella and the centre of the tibial tuberosity. Both knees were measured with the quadriceps relaxed (relaxed Q-angle) and contracted (contracted Q-angle). Thirty-four knees were measured, 24 pathological and 10 non-pathological. Pearson moment correlation demonstrated a significant correlation between relaxed Q-angle and TT-TG in all knees (R=-0.377; p=0.028). In pathological knees, contracted Q-angle also demonstrated a significant correlation with TT-TG but to a lesser extent than relaxed Q-angle (R=-0.428; p=0.037, R=-0.578; p=0.003 respectively). Linear regression analysis demonstrated relaxed Q-angle as a significant predictor of TT-TG distance in pathological knees. Contracted Q-angle was not significant. Conclusion The relaxed Q-angle, when measured as above, reliably correlates with and is a significant predictor of TT-TG distance in patients with symptomatic patellar instability.


ABSTRACT A physical model relates the differences between the size-frequency distributions of sands from the zone of swash and backwash on beaches and from rivers to the environmental conditions under which they are deposited. The sweeping oscillatory motion of the breaker zone on a beach tends to separate fine-grained suspended particles from coarser-grained particles moved by saltation. Fine particles are removed seaward into deeper water and coarser particles remain as a lag deposit; their size-frequency distribution is truncated at the fine-grained end. In a river, suspended load travels parallel with the saltation load, the fines are trapped among coarser particles or are deposited with them as the current slacks when the discharge diminishes. Coarse-grained particles deposited by rolling and sliding are commonly added to the coarse-grained end of the size-frequency distribution of river sands. Hence, river sands may include three populations; 1) particles deposited by rolling or sliding, 2) particles deposited by saltation, and 3) particles deposited from suspension, whereas beach sands are commonly deposited by saltation only. Beach sands therefore are better sorted and tend to lack the coarse and fine-grained tail fractions present in river sands, although on some beaches coarse-grained fractions may also be present. Along beache near the mouths of rivers where the supply of fines exceeds the energy to disperse them, beach sands may have fine-grained tails and the statistical parameters of their size-frequency distribution overlap those of river sands. Previous studies have shown that correlations exist between textural parameters based on the size frequency distribution of sands and environment of deposition. The present study uses textural parameters which are sensitive to environment because they reflect differences in the transportation and deposition pattern of beach and river sands. These include fine ( After 70 or more years of size frequency analyzes, we are beginning to see that this approach has merit. Despite various shortcomings, the close correlation between textural parameters and environment of deposition shows that the differences between beach and river sands are real and apparent. In geology, where a unique solution rarely can be found to resolve a problem, the approach applied in this study helps considerably in upgrading the odds in environmental interpretation.