Among US Latinas and Mexican women, those with higher European ancestry have increased risk of breast cancer. We combined an admixture mapping and genome-wide association mapping approach to search for genomic regions that may explain this observation. Latina women with breast cancer (n= 1497) and Latina controls (n= 1272) were genotyped using Affymetrix and Illumina arrays. We inferred locus-specific genetic ancestry and compared the ancestry between cases and controls. We also performed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) association analyses in regions of interest. Correction for multiple-hypothesis testing was conducted using permutations (P(corrected)). We identified one region where genetic ancestry was significantly associated with breast cancer risk: 6q25 [odds ratio (OR) per Indigenous American chromosome 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65-0.85, P= 1.1 × 10(-5), P(corrected)= 0.02]. A second region on 11p15 showed a trend towards association (OR per Indigenous American chromosome 0.77, 95% CI: 0.68-0.87, P= 4.3 × 10(-5), P(corrected)= 0.08). In both regions, breast cancer risk decreased with higher Indigenous American ancestry in concordance with observations made on global ancestry. The peak of the 6q25 signal includes the estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) gene and 5' region, a locus previously implicated in breast cancer. Genome-wide association analysis found that a multi-SNP model explained the admixture signal in both regions. Our results confirm that the association between genetic ancestry and breast cancer risk in US Latinas is partly due to genetic differences between populations of European and Indigenous Americans origin. Fine-mapping within the 6q25 and possibly the 11p15 loci will lead to the discovery of the biologically functional variant/s behind this association.


Purpose: The aim of the article is to exemplify the possibility of achieving leadership effectivity hrough the prism of value for the client in the empirical dimension. Design/Methodology/Approach: Due to the universality, multidimensionality and meaning of the term "efficiency", the literature on the subject presents various approaches to its definition. One is considering performance that takes into account customer feedback on value. Dialogue with the client, listening to his expectations make it easier to offer the client the values he cares about. The article presents the results of empirical research.. The basic measuring instrument used in the research was the questionnaire. The research assumed the verification of the following hypotheses: 1. Increasing the effectivity of leadership is fostered by the high value of leaderhip training. 2. Cost, issues, substantive content constitute a significant importance, while the date, place and duration of leadership are relatively less important from the client's point of view. 3. A higher grade is given to leadership training courses covering the issues desired by the client in the scope of the problem criterion, substantive content, cost, duration, place and date of leadership training courses than leadership training courses which do not refer to the client's expectations. Findings: Assessment of the significance of criteria, evaluation of leadership training according to criteria, value index of leadership training, training histograms. Practical Implications: Possibility of positioning and choosing a leadership level. On the basis of evaluation, it allows you to set appropriate priorities and locate leadership at an effective level. Originality/value: It can be a kind of a signpost for orientation as to the direction of activities ensuring the achievement of effective leadership and its improvement.


Process models are used by information professionals to convey semantics about the business operations in a real world domain intended to be supported by an information system. The understandability of these models is vital to them being used for information systems development. In this paper, we examine two factors that we predict will influence the understanding of a business process that novice developers obtain from a corresponding process model: the content presentation form chosen to articulate the business domain, and the user characteristics of the novice developers working with the model. Our experimental study provides evidence that novice developers obtain similar levels of understanding when confronted with an unfamiliar or a familiar process model. However, previous modeling experience, the use of English as a second language, and previous work experience in BPM are important influencing factors of model understanding. Our findings suggest that education and research in process modeling should increase the focus on human factors and how they relate to content and content presentation formats for different modeling tasks. We discuss implications for practice and research.


This paper discusses a toxicokinetic model describing the distribution of TCDD in the human body during a lifetime. The model divides the body into several physiological compartments, their weights being functions of age. Ingested TCDD is instantaneously distributed over all compartments according to their lipid content. The liver eliminates TCDD from the body by a first-order process. Intake depends on age, as estimated from food consumption survey data combined with data on TCDD concentrations in various foods. It is shown that historical changes in intake, due to changes in environmental concentrations and in dietary habits, should be taken into account as well. Elimination rate and bioavailability, the only unknown parameters in the model, were estimated by calibrating the model to human data on internal concentrations. The generic formulation of the model makes it suitable for slowly eliminated lipophilic compounds in general.


In 1988 a deposit with some 500,000 m³ of coarse sulphidic mine waste at Bersbo, Sweden, was covered with compacted illitic clay or cement stabilised coal fly-ash (CeFill) to prevent eathering and the transport of metals. Theoretically, oxidation of pyrite would give a sulphate/iron ratio in solution exceeding 2, if oxygen is the electron acceptor, but below 2 if Fe(III) is the oxidizing agent. The effluents had ratios of 35—50 and 2—0.8 before and after covering, respectively, why it is concluded that weathering continued. The altered hydrological regime contributes to changes in metal concentrations in the surrounding surface water.


Do We Need Religion? On the Experience of Self-Transcendence. Yale Cultural Sociology Series. By Hans Joas. Translated by Alex Skinner. Boulder, Colo.: Paradigm Publishers, 2008. x + 153 pp. $27.95 (paper). In this newly translated book, social theorist Hans Joas offers a prescient collection of essays on the contemporary relevance of religion. Rather than approach religion in a purely functional manner, inquiring whether or not religion is useful, Joas shifts the concept of "need" in the book's title and asks, "Cian we live without the experience articulated in faith, in religion?" Implied here is a distinction between experience and its articulation crucial to Joas s argument. On the one hand are experiences of self-transcendence experiences "of being pulled beyond the boundaries of one's self, being captivated by something outside of myself, a relaxation of or liberation from one s fixation on oneself," of which Joas gives several examples (pp. 7-11). On the other hand arc interpretations that articulate such experiences for personal and public reflection. Joas s positive answer to the book title s question depends on the contention that specific interpretations, especially those of religious traditions and institutions, can enable us to have specific, valuable experiences of self-transcendence. The essay are divided into three sections. The first section, "Religious Experience," delineates Joas s approach to religion. For instance, he makes a distinction between prayer and the sacraments to illustrate religion's articulating force: while prayer is an experience of self -tran seen de nce converted into an activity, and so can take non-religious forms, the ritual consumption of the sacraments requires its religious interpretation in order to render it a sell -transcending experience at all. In another example that speaks to the question of religion's necessity Joas asserts, "My belief that God Himself suffered my fear when he took human form enables me to integrate my fear or anxiety into m ? courage to live . . . and to experience afresh salvation" (p. 17; emphasis added). Thus, specifically religious articulations can render specific communal and individual religious experiences. Furthermore, Joas insists that pluralism is no obstacle to religion s articulating power (chap. 2). Rejecting the notion that modernization and pluralism entail secularization, he contests the proposal that the increasing contingency of contemporary life could or should be met by the attempt to reduce pluralism. Rather, pluralism should be accepted and instituted as a value and opportunity to foster religious freedom and tolerance. Finally, Joas shows how his approach to religion depends upon and fosters novelty and creativity by insisting on the need for constant rearticulation of one's experiences of self-transcendence (chap. 3). In the second section, Joas explores the wide area named by its title, "Between Theology and Social Science." Noting early that William James's Varieties of Religious Experience "brought about a sea change in the scientific study of religion in the early tvventiedi century" (p. 52), he continues throughout to reference James's emphasis on "religious experience" and the "individualization of religion" as the best tools for understanding and for living out religion in the contemporary world. …


The Bayung Gede village has derived smaller traditional settlements around Kintamani. Sekardadi is one of these settlements that has an inherent consociates with the village of origin, or the Bayung Gede. Despite the fact that the Sekardadi has a uniqueness on spatial pattern and house lay out, this village has not been welldocumented as an old village in Bali. These uniqueness are interesting to be indepth explored. It is not only on the basic philosophy of the house pattern, but also how this pattern to be physical implemented. This study aims to describe some characteristics of the village, both physical and nonphysical aspects, through the way of descriptive exploratory qualitative approach. According to the theory housing pattern of Habraken (1978) and Turgut (2001), research variables are determined into three variables: 1) Cultural setting; 2) Behavioural setting; and 3) Spatial setting. The result shows that macro spatial pattern of the Sekardadi village is divided into three zones: 1) Utama Mandala locates in the north of the village; 2) Madya Mandala is in the middle of the village, and 3) Nista Mandala in the south. Spatial pattern follows the hulu-teben conception or linear pattern with the main road as a cardinal orientation. Higher land means a sacred area (parahyangan) that is characterized by the existence of Pura Puseh. Meanwhile, the opposite is defined as a profane area (palemahan) with the presence of graves; and in the middle is the settlement (pawongan). Keywords: spatial pattern; traditional settlement; Sekardadi village


The present experiments examined whether in rats consuming diets with either high NaCl content (8%) or low Na+ content (0.01%) for 2 wk excitatory inputs to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) would be altered. In chloralose-anesthetized rats, injection of glutamate into the RVLM elicited a pressor response that, compared with rats fed a control diet, was 50% larger in rats fed a diet containing 8% NaCl and was 25% smaller in rats fed a diet containing 0.01% Na+. Pressor responses produced by electrical stimulation of sciatic nerve afferents, as well as by microinjections into the RVLM of L-dihydroxyphenylalanine or carbachol, were all potentiated by high dietary salt intake and reduced by low dietary salt intake. Dietary salt intake had no effect on pressor responses produced by intravenous injection of phenylephrine, indicating that salt-related alterations in cardiovascular responses produced by central activation could not be accounted for by changes in peripheral vascular reactivity. The decrease in arterial pressure produced by injection of glutamate into the nucleus of the solitary tract was also potentiated by the high salt diet, suggesting that the sensitivity of central baroreceptor reflex pathways may be altered by dietary NaCl. These results indicate that the amount of NaCl consumed in the diet can change the sensitivity of RVLM sympathoexcitatory neurons, and this change in sensitivity is not restricted to any particular class of cell surface receptors.


Whereas literary and cinematic representations of economy and management have been analyzed for some time (see e.g. Czarniawska and Guillet de Monthoux, 1994; Hassard and Holliday, 1998), precious little interest has been directed to similar aspects in popular music. Consequently, this paper analyzes economy as it is portrayed and disseminated in rap music. By discussing how conspicuous consumption and economic discourses are used in rap lyrics to convey the image of success and possibility, the paper attempts a reading of contemporary capitalism in a particular cultural setting through the notion of a minor literature as theorized by Deleuze and Guattari. The multidimensionality and ironical approach held to the 'bling‐bling' thus problematizes simplified analyzes of economic language as colonizing (cf. Gibson‐Graham, 1996) and instead opens up to a reading of economy as openness.


This research attempts to identify patterns of successful independent practice among contemporary visual arts practitioners for the purpose of increasing understanding of the structures of and activity within the visual arts in England. The intention is to draw conclusions regarding how such practice can be facilitated and supported. It looks at a particular kind of practice in the area of design craft, and at the organisations charged with the responsibility for state provision, setting this critique in a context of a historical and social perspective. Much of recent conventional practice in the visual arts is considered to have a narrow view of what constitutes acceptable practice and is based on the gallery-based fine arts model. This model is a dubious base line from which to encourage a healthy range of independentpractice, and is of little use to the practitioners in this study, and others of similar intent. The practitioners encountered in this research might beconsidered applied artists, as they have a need to engage with a public during the processes of conception, creation and selling of their work. The patterns have been documented with the assistance of concepts regarding small business, particularly a subsector called micro business. Micro business has recently been identified to describe a pattern of activity which is not conducted for profit or with goals of expansion. The motivation behind micro business is to maintain self determination.


This study has focused on the microcrystalline diamond film (MCD) thickness evaluation. For this purpose, optical coherence tomography (OCT) enhanced by spectroscopic analysis has been used as a method of choice. The average thickness of the tested layer was about 1.5 µm, which is below the standard 2-point OCT resolution. In this case, the usefulness of the spectroscopic analysis was confirmed for the evaluation of the thickness changes in the submicrometer range. Full Text: PDF ReferencesM.D. Drory, J.W. Hutchinson, "Diamond Coating of Titanium Alloys", Science, 263 (1994). CrossRef J. Wang, J. Zhou, H.Y. Long, Y.N. Xie, X.W. Zhang, H. Luo, Z.J. Deng, Q. Wei, Z.M. Yu, J. Zhang, Z.G. Tang, "Tribological, anti-corrosive properties and biocompatibility of the micro- and nano-crystalline diamond coated Ti6Al4V", Surf. Coat. Technol., 258 (2014). CrossRef P.A. Nistor, P.W. May, F. Tamagnini, A.D. Randall, M.A. Caldwell, "Long-term culture of pluripotent stem-cell-derived human neurons on diamond – A substrate for neurodegeneration research and therapy", Biomaterials, 61 (2015). CrossRef C.A. Love, R.B. Cook, T.J. Harvey, P.A. Dearnley, R.J.K. Wood, "Diamond like carbon coatings for potential application in biological implants—a review", Tribol. Int., 63 (2013). CrossRef P. Strąkowska, R. Beutner, M. Gnyba, A. Zielinski, D. Scharnweber, "Electrochemically assisted deposition of hydroxyapatite on Ti6Al4V substrates covered by CVD diamond films — Coating characterization and first cell biological results", Materials Science and Engineering: C, 59 (2016). CrossRef T.S. Ho, P. Yeh, C.C. Tsai, K.Y. Hsu, S.L. Huang., "Spectroscopic measurement of absorptive thin films by Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography", Opt. Express 22, 5 (2014). CrossRef N. Bosschaart, T.G. van Leeuwen, M.C.G. Aalders, D.J. Faber, "Quantitative comparison of analysis methods for spectroscopic optical coherence tomography", Biomedical Opt. Express 4, 11 (2013). CrossRef F.E Robles, C. Wilson, G. Grant, A. Wax, "Molecular imaging true-colour spectroscopic optical coherence tomography", Nat. Photonics 5, 12 (2011). CrossRef A.F. Fercher, W. Drexler, C.K. Hitzenberger, T. Lasser, "Optical coherence tomography - principles and applications", Rep. Prog. Phys. 66, 239 (2003). CrossRef A.M. Kamińska, M.R. Strąkowski, J. Pluciński, "Spectroscopic Optical Coherence Tomography for Thin Layer and Foil Measurements", Sensors 20, 19, (2020). CrossRef M. Kraszewski, M. Strąkowski, J. Pluciński, B.B. Kosmowski, "Spectral measurement of birefringence using particle swarm optimization analysis", Appl. Opt. 54, 1 (2015). CrossRef


Many applications of practical interest rely on time evolution of Hamiltonians that are given by a sum of Pauli operators. Quantum circuits for exact time evolution of single Pauli operators are well known, and can be extended trivially to sums of commuting Paulis by concatenating the circuits of individual terms. In this paper we reduce the circuit complexity of Hamiltonian simulation by partitioning the Pauli operators into mutually commuting clusters and exponentiating the elements within each cluster after applying simultaneous diagonalization. We provide a practical algorithm for partitioning sets of Paulis into commuting subsets, and show that the proposed approach can help to significantly reduce both the number ofCNOToperations and circuit depth for Hamiltonians arising in quantum chemistry. The algorithms for simultaneous diagonalization are also applicable in the context of stabilizer states; in particular we provide novel four- and five-stage representations, each containing only a single stage of conditional gates.


We present two cases in which a soft-tissue sarcoma metastasized to the pancreas, but both patients survived as a result of repetitive surgical treatment during a 6to 10-year period. The first case was a 29-year-old man who had a history of removal of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in the left thigh in 1986 and who underwent distal pancreatectomy and the enucleation of a tumor in the head of the pancreas because of the development of three metastatic lesions in 1989. Afterward, although metastases were found in other organs, they were resected each time (for a total of five times) and the patient has survived over 10 years. The second case was a 40-year-old woman who had a history of the removal of synovial sarcoma in the right thigh and had 6 surgical resections of local or pulmonary recurrent tumors. She underwent pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy in 1993 because of the development of a solitary metastatic lesion in the pancreas and survived more than 6 years after the pancreatectomy. Our report suggests, in selected cases, that long-term survival from pancreatic metastasis of soft-tissue sarcoma is expected as a result of curative resection. However, because pancreatic metastasis has a potential to recur in other organs, it is necessary to take aggressive surgical procedures repeatedly for the treatment of recurrences to improve prognosis after pancreatectomy.


Create Internet-scale applications using Oracle's high-performance data grid Build scalable web sites and Enterprise applications using a market-leading data grid product Design and implement your domain objects to work most effectively with Coherence and apply Domain Driven Designs (DDD) to Coherence applications Leverage Coherence events and continuous queries to provide real-time updates to client applications Successfully integrate various persistence technologies, such as JDBC, Hibernate, or TopLink, with Coherence Filled with numerous examples that provide best practice guidance, and a number of classes you can readily reuse within your own applications. In Detail Scalability, performance, and reliability have to be designed into an application from the very beginning, as there may be substantial cost or implementation consequences if they need to be added down the line. This indispensible book will teach you how to achieve these things using Oracle Coherence, a leading data grid product on the market. Authored by leading Oracle Coherence authorities, this essential book will teach you how to use Oracle Coherence to build high-performance applications that scale to hundreds of machines and have no single points of failure. You will learn when and how to use Coherence features such as distributed caching, parallel processing, and real-time events within your application, and understand how Coherence fits into the overall application architecture. Oracle Coherence provides a solid architectural foundation for scalable, high-performance and highly available enterprise applications, through features such as distributed caching, parallel processing, distributed queries and aggregations, real-time events, and the elimination of single points of failure. However, in order to take full advantage of these features, you need to design your application for Coherence from the beginning. Based on the authors' extensive knowledge of Oracle Coherence, and how to use it in the real world, this book will provide you with all the information you need in order to leverage various Coherence features properly. It contains a collection of best practice-based solutions and mini-frameworks that will allow you to be more productive from the very beginning. The early chapters cover basics like installation guidelines and caching topologies, before moving on to the domain model implementation guidelines, distributed queries and aggregations, parallel processing, and real-time events. Towards the end, you learn how to integrate Coherence with different persistence technologies, how to access Coherence from platforms other than Java, and how to test and debug classes and applications that depend on Coherence. What you will learn from this book Best use distributed caching to reduce the load on the backend database Design and implement your domain objects to work most effectively with Coherence Apply Domain Driven Design (DDD) principles to Coherence applications Query and aggregate data efficiently within the Coherence grid Boost application performance by executing tasks in parallel within the grid Leverage Coherence events and continuous queries to provide real-time updates to client applications Integrate various persistence technologies, such as JDBC and JPA, with Coherence Access Coherence from .NET and C++ applications using Coherence*Extend Test and debug Coherence-related code Chapter 1 Introduction to Oracle Coherence -Shows you how to install Coherence and teaches the basics of Coherence API Chapter 2 Designing Coherence Caches -Covers various caching topologies Coherence supports and when to use each Chapter 3 Implementing Domain Model -Describes how to apply DDD to Coherence applications and how to implement your domain objects to work optimally with Coherence Chapter 4 Querying the Data Grid - Provides an overview of Coherence distributed queries and aggregations Chapter 5 Parallel Processing -Teaches you how to improve application performance by parallelizing task execution within the Coherence cluster Chapter 6 Data Grid Events - Shows you how to use Coherence events and continuous queries to receive real-time notifications of data changes Chapter 7 Implementing Persistence Layer -Examines different persistence architectures that can be used with Coherence and shows you how to use Spring JDBC, Hibernate, and TopLink to implement persistence Chapter 8 Bridging Platform and Network Boundaries -Describes how to connect to a Coherence grid from remote Java, .NET, and C++ applications over TCP/IP Chapter 9 Bridging Platform and Network Boundaries -Covers the Coherence*Extend protocol, which allows you to access a Coherence cluster from remote clients and from platforms and languages other than Java, such as .NET and C++. Chapters 10 Accessing Coherence from .NET and Chapter 11 Accessing Coherence from C++ -Teach you how to access Coherence from .NET and C++ clients, respectively. Chapter 12 The Right Tool for the Job -Provides some parting thoughts and reiterates practices you should apply when building scalable applications. Appendix, Coherent Bank Sample Application, describes how to set up the sample application that accompanies the book in your environment. Approach This title covers Coherence features progressively, from simple to more advanced topics, and provides best-practice guidance on when and how to use each. Numerous examples are provided throughout the book that will help you become familiar with Coherence APIs. You will also be able to reuse many of the sample classes or mini-frameworks encapsulating Coherence best practice and providing missing features directly within your own applications. This should significantly increase your productivity when developing Coherence applications. Finally, a sample application that you can download from the companion web site will show you how to use Coherence as part of the broader infrastructure stack, including Spring Framework and Hibernate, as well as how to access Coherence from a WPF-based .NET desktop application. Who this book is written for This book is written for architects and developers responsible for the design and development of Internet or Enterprise applications (web-based or otherwise) that need to scale to support a large number of simultaneous users, while at the same time providing fast response times and high availability. The book assumes a solid knowledge of Java, and a familiarity with Domain Driven Design (DDD) is helpful.


This article is concerned with the nature and application of the most-favoured-nation (MFN) principle under the World Trade Organization's (WTO's) plurilateral Government Procurement Agreement (WTO GPA). After establishing the context of the WTO GPA, the paper first assesses how the MFN principle operates among the parties of the WTO GPA, pursuant to Article IV. It then considers the relationship between the WTO GPA and the WTO GATS (General Agreement on Trade in Services) Article II MFN principle. The paper lastly examines the WTO GPA parties' market-access commitments for the procurement of goods, services and construction services in regional trade agreements (RTAs), with reference to the scope of the MFN principle operating under Article IV of theWTO GPA. The overall analysis identifies a correspondence between the WTO GPA and the GATS schedules and MFN requirements. The article concludes that this systemic correspondence has the potential to operate against the wider objectives of multilateralism under both the WTO and the WTO GPA itself.


The quantification of transcriptomic features is the basis of the analysis of RNA-seq data. We present an integrated alignment workflow and a simple counting-based approach to derive estimates for gene, exon and exon–exon junction expression. In contrast to previous counting-based approaches, EQP takes into account only reads whose alignment pattern agrees with the splicing pattern of the features of interest. This leads to improved gene expression estimates as well as to the generation of exon counts that allow disambiguating reads between overlapping exons. Unlike other methods that quantify skipped introns, EQP offers a novel way to compute junction counts based on the agreement of the read alignments with the exons on both sides of the junction, thus providing a uniformly derived set of counts. We evaluated the performance of EQP on both simulated and real Illumina RNA-seq data and compared it with other quantification tools. Our results suggest that EQP provides superior gene expression estimates and we illustrate the advantages of EQP's exon and junction counts. The provision of uniformly derived high-quality counts makes EQP an ideal quantification tool for differential expression and differential splicing studies. EQP is freely available for download at https://github.com/Novartis/EQP-cluster.


Abstract With the increasing antibacterial resistance in typhoidal Salmonella and the dearth of novel antimicrobials on the horizon, we risk losing our primary defense against widespread morbidity and mortality from enteric fever. During 26–28 March 2019, researchers from around the world came together in Hanoi, Vietnam, and shared some of their latest findings on antimicrobial resistance. From the 258 abstracts presented at the conference, at least 50 discussed phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of antimicrobial resistance in typhoidal Salmonella, covering data of at least 24 different countries, spanning 5 continents. Here, we summarize the key findings, focusing on our global journey ahead.


Protections of noncitizens' rights in immigration removal proceedings have remained minimal even as immigration enforcement has exponentially increased. Put differently, outside of immigration court, we treat noncitizens as if they are criminals, while inside it we fail to provide noncitizens the procedural safeguards normally afforded to those accused of crimes. An overlooked, but commonplace, problem in immigration court is the treatment of the constitutional right against self-incrimination. Two routine scenarios occur where noncitizens are asked to sacrifice their right against self-incrimination in immigration court. One involves testimony regarding conduct related to immigration status that may lead to prosecution for federal immigration violations, such as illegal entry, illegal reentry, or alien smuggling. The other involves testimony regarding any other potentially criminal activity, including when the noncitizen currently has pending charges in criminal court yet is expected to testify about the underlying facts during immigration court proceedings. In both of these circumstances, the immigration system puts noncitizens in the untenable position where they must either elect to waive the constitutional right not to self-incriminate and testify regardless of possible criminal consequences, or exercise their right to silence and risk the judge drawing an adverse inference that results in deportation.

The skewed incorporation of criminal norms into the immigration arena—a supposedly "civil" system—without a simultaneous expansion of procedures designed to protect and enforce noncitizens' rights leads to disastrous results. Moreover, the lack of procedural fairness in removal proceedings exaggerates the imbalance of power between the federal government, with its immense resources, and the individuals it seeks to deport. Considering the so-called plenary powers granted to the executive and legislative branches of government, and attendant limited oversight by Article III courts, the courts are not likely to be the most efficient or far-reaching solution. Thus, this Article posits that, rather than utilizing the traditional judicial avenue for vindicating constitutional rights, federal agency regulatory rule-making is the best way forward. The Article then offers proposed regulatory language that is intended to provide a meaningful procedural vehicle through which noncitizens' right against self-incrimination may be enforced. The proposed regulations provide that immigration judges must advise noncitizens of their right to remain silent, prohibit judges from drawing an adverse inference where noncitizens have pending criminal charges, clarify the procedures that must be followed in order to compel speech, and limit the government's use of evidence obtained as a result of statutory or regulatory violations.


Plant–rhizobia symbiosis can activate key genes involved in regulating nodulation associated with biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Although the general molecular basis of the BNF process is frequently studied, little is known about its intraspecific variability and the characteristics of its allelic variants. This study's main goals were to describe phenotypic and genotypic variation in the context of nitrogen fixation in red clover (Trifolium pretense L.) and identify variants in BNF candidate genes associated with BNF efficiency. Acetylene reduction assay validation was the criterion for selecting individual plants with particular BNF rates. Sequences in 86 key candidate genes were obtained by hybridization-based sequence capture target enrichment of plants with alternative phenotypes for nitrogen fixation. Two genes associated with BNF were identified: ethylene response factor required for nodule differentiation (EFD) and molybdate transporter 1 (MOT1). In addition, whole-genome population genotyping by double-digest restriction-site-associated sequencing (ddRADseq) was performed, and BNF was evaluated by the natural 15N abundance method. Polymorphisms associated with BNF and reflecting phenotype variability were identified. The genetic structure of plant accessions was not linked to BNF rate of measured plants. Knowledge of the genetic variation within BNF candidate genes and the characteristics of genetic variants will be beneficial in molecular diagnostics and breeding of red clover.


Background: Written materials are commonly used to communicate pharmacy-relevant information to patients. However, they are often composed at a level that limits comprehension, mitigating a well-intended effect. Objective: To (1) use the cloze procedure (a test designed to assess reading comprehension) to evaluate an individual's understanding of a pharmacy-relevant educational pamphlet; (2) compare results of the cloze procedure with the reading comprehension component of the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (S-TOFHLA); and (3) use results to demonstrate rewriting of the educational pamphlet. Methods: The cloze procedure was applied to a pharmacy-relevant educational pamphlet describing safe medication practices. A total of 162 subjects were recruited from university faculty, staff, and students; a local adult literacy center; and community senior centers. Subjects completed a background interview, the S-TOFHLA. and cloze procedure for the pharmacy-relevant educational pamphlet. S-TOFHLA and cloze procedure scores were described and compared. Cloze procedure responses were used to demonstrate revision of the pamphlet RESULTS: Of the 154 subjects analyzed, mean ± SD age was 56.5 ± 20.4 years. Subjects were predominantly white (93.5%), female (71.4%). and college graduates (42.2%). Mean score on the S-TOFHLA was 92.1%. A majority (95.5%, 147/154) of subjects demonstrated adequate functional health literacy. In contrast, mean score on the cloze procedure was 53.3%. Internal consistencies of the S-TOFHLA and the cloze procedure were 0.92 and 0.90, respectively. Scores on the cloze procedure and the S-TOFHLA were highly correlated (r = 0.71, p < 0.001), Performance on the cloze procedure indicated that 55.2% of subjects required supplemental teaching. Conclusions: In this highly educated, health-literate sample, a majority did not understand the pharmacy-relevant educational pamphlet despite adequate performance on a standard measure of health literacy. The cloze procedure can be used to assess comprehension of educational materials, solicit feedback from intended users, and guide the revision of educational materials.


Dangerous driving by drivers with diseases or disabilities such as dementia, epilepsy, or higher brain dysfunction is viewed as a problem In Worldwide. Given that the majority of such cases of dangerous driving are caused by impairments to cognitive function resulting from these conditions, there is an urgent need to create systems to detect drivers with cognitive functional disability and develop criteria for safe resumption of driving. Because driving would understandably be extremely dangerous for people with higher brain dysfunction, particularly in cases of attention dysfunction, we first examined the correlation between the Clinical Assessment of Attention (CAT), a theoretical task offering an index of attention function, and the cathode ray tube (CRT) driving aptitude test. We then examined correlations between CRT total score and CRT sub-scores. Only the time required for the position Stroop test had a moderate correlation (r = -0.43, p < 0.01) with CRT total score. Correlations between CRT total score and sub-scores relating to reaction speed showed a strong correlation. Other than reaction speed, items with significant moderate to strong correlations were also seen in the maintenance of moderate mental tension, attention distribution and situation processing skill. The present results show a correlation between CAT score and CRT total score, indicating that CRT total score places relative weights on speed of information processing and suppression of stereotypes, representing a very meaningful result.


The purpose of this paper is to evaluate women's wellbeing in Zimbabwe's land reform programme. I use the capability approach and feminist lenses in a qualitative case study focusing on the sugarcane growing region of Chiredzi West. The mediating question for the evaluation was what capability set do women have in the land reform programme? As findings I established that Zimbabwe's land reform programme was marred by gender blind procedures that fail to take into account existing gender responsive polices nor cultural norms that act as negative conversion factors to women's wellbeing. This negatively impacted on women's access to and control of land. In this regard, a systemic approach is recommended as a normative prescription for gender transformation in development, focusing on social and personal conversion factors. Having a shared conceptualization of gender equality as core development issue, and a development objective in its own right is also indispensable if women are to benefit from development as their male counterparts.


We introduce a new isomorphism-invariant notion of entropy for measure preserving actions of arbitrary countable groups on probability spaces, which we call orbital Rokhlin entropy. It employs Danilenko's orbital approach to entropy of a partition, and is motivated by Seward's recent generalization of Rokhlin entropy from amenable to general groups. A key ingredient in our approach is the use of an auxiliary probability-measure-preserving hyperfinite equivalence relation. Under the assumption of ergodicity of the auxiliary equivalence relation, our main result is a Shannon-McMillan-Breiman pointwise almost sure convergence theorem for the orbital entropy of partitions in measure-preserving group actions, the first such convergence result going beyond the realm of amenable groups. As a special case, we obtain a Shannon-McMillan-Breiman theorem for all strongly mixing actions of any countable group. Furthermore, we compare orbital Rokhlin entropy to Rokhlin entropy, and using an important recent result of Seward we show that they coincide for free, ergodic actions of any countable group. Finally, we consider actions of non-Abelian free groups and demonstrate the geometric significance of the entropy equipartition property implied by the Shannon-McMillan-Breiman theorem. We show that the orbital entropy of a partition is the limit of the information functions of the sequence of partitions arising from refining any given finite partition along almost every horoball in the group.


The kinematic interface joints are widely used in reflector systems of the high-power solid-state laser facilities. In order to get better finite element(FE) analysis results of reflector systems, it is important to model the joints exactly. The accordant displacement method is used for modeling the joints according to the contact form of joints. The FE model of the reflector system is built subjected to the assuming, the modal analysis and the ambient vibration calculations are carried out. The computing results of inherent frequencies, measure points' root mean square(RMS) displacements and the transfer characteristics of four kinematic interface positions are accordant with that of the test results. The compared results show that the method modeling the kinematic interface joints is feasible in the paper.


Archives are sites of exploration and discovery for all kinds of practices. They are also reinforced structures. Whether as a library of manuscripts, museum store or personal collection, the 'archive-as-repository' catalogues and categorizes, houses and buries, its items. Bringing the contents of an archive to life requires that one ignite what is dormant so as to draw archival materials out into the space of the world to be received and experienced in new ways. Designed to stimulate collaborative conversations and exchanges, in and around the archive, with a view to presenting new approaches to archival experiences, and with them, styles of writing that resonate with the 'archival' as a concept and as a practice, this guest-edited issue expands the field of the archive to incorporate a variety of different practitioner perspectives. Whether through animation, art education, contemporary art, costume, creative writing, information retrieval studies, performance, sculpture, sound and textiles, re-writing the archive from these positions can inform how historical and material remnants of the past may be re-thought in creative practice.


Digital literacy as a necessity for the industrial revolution 4.0 is a new challenge for teachers and students to prepare themselves to use digital resources to learn and digital benefits based on entrepreneurial spirit. It has been research yet the notion about digital literacy review which showed the big picture using data from all countries. This research aims to study the status of international digital literacy research that is indexed by Scopus using scientometric mapping. The study has carried out scientometric methods and analyzed research data using the analyze search results service from Scopus and the VOSviewer application. The research data of 2,749 documents published from 1997 to 2019 were obtained from the Scopus database. The results showed an increasing trend in the number of digital literacy publications at the international level each year. Most countries, affiliation, and authors in digital literacy research were the United States, Monash University, and Marsh, J. The most intensive subject areas and sources of publications in digital literacy research are computer science and the ACM international conference proceeding series. There were two collaborative researchers' patterns in digital literacy research. This research proposes a convergence axis classification consisting of digital literacy research to characterize the body of knowledge generated from two decades of research: Learning, Information communication, Technology, Human, and Education, abbreviated as LITHE themes.


It is fully noted by educational psychologist and researcher in the world of academia that a problem exists throughout the nation to motivate high school students in the classroom. The reality is that a large number of high school students across America lack academic motivation (Snyder & Hoffman, 2002). There has not been a plethora of reasons why many students neglect their studies. It is an earnest desire to further investigate with a deeper understanding why students lack motivation. The purpose of this study is two-fold: (1) to fundamentally validate the structure of academic amotivation, (2) to investigate the social antecedents and academic consequences of motivational deficits. The aim of this study is to enable the reader to identify factors that give rise to academic Amotivation among high school students.


Publicity about tax avoidance techniques of multinational corporations and wealthy individuals has moved discussion of international income taxation from the backrooms of law and accounting firms to the front pages of news organizations around the world. In the words of a top Australian tax official, international tax law has now become a topic of barbeque conversations. Public anger has, in turn, brought previously arcane issues of international taxation onto the agenda of heads of government around the world. Despite all the attention, however, issues of international income taxation are often not well understood. This Introduction outlines a collection of essays, written over the past two decades, that reveals how current international tax policy came into place nearly a century ago, critiques the inadequate principles still being used to make international tax policy, identifies and dissects the most prevalent tax avoidance techniques, and offers important suggestions for reform. The book is available for free download via the Yale Law School Library Documents Collection Center.


COVID-19 has caused hundreds of millions of infections and hundreds of deaths, and even though vaccinations are increasing, the mutation of the virus makes the pandemic even difficult to control. Existing manual, operator and Bluetooth-based technologies for epidemiological investigation and close contact tracing suffer from high cost, low accuracy, and difficulty in scaling up. Viruses such as Delta variants have a greater ability to survive and spread, making many of the existing human-human close contacts tracing less effective. Also, it is easy to overlook the fact that there is still a large segment of the world's population that does not have access to the Internet and is proficient in using smartphones, which makes the performance of smart device-based tracing much less effective. Inspired by Health Code and Tracetogether, which have been widely accepted in China and Singapore, we propose a LoRa and blockchain-based contact tracing method LBTrace, which is low-power, lightweight, and operation-free. The experimental results demonstrate the high stability and accuracy of our proposed method, which can be used as a complement to existing methods to help some governments effectively control COVID-19 and future outbreaks under certain emergency conditions.


The American Law Institute has launched a revision of its Model Penal Code provisions on sentencing and punishment that will be comprehensive in almost all respects. Conspicuously missing from the new sentencing project, however, is any examination of the Model Penal Code's provisions on capital punishment. This essay argues that a reexamination of capital punishment is both necessary and practical as part of the larger sentencing reform project. Avoiding the death penalty is unprincipled and would leave the Model Code's single weakest section standing while every other sentencing provision would be subject to scrutiny. Failure to consider capital punishment would also ignore forty years of radical change in both the penal policy of developed nations and the vocabulary of concern that had redefined the death penalty as an issue of human rights and limits of government power. Ignoring the death penalty would launch a reform effort that will ignore the punishment for murder while rethinking everything else. Nothing short of terror at the political cost can explain this retreat from the natural boundaries of sentencing reform. Yet fears of a principled reexamination of Section 210.6 are not well founded. The Institute could both take a principled position on the death penalty itself and also recommend minimum standards for capital cases where the penalty remains. To ignore the most visible and troubling aspect of American criminal justice is a much greater threat to the legitimacy of the Model Penal Code revision project than to confront it.


This paper reviews and classifies fault-tree analysis methods developed since 1960 for system safety and reliability. Fault-tree analysis is a useful analytic tool for the reliability and safety of complex systems. The literature on fault-tree analysis is, for the most part, scattered through conference proceedings and company reports. We have classified the literature according to system definition, fault-tree construction, qualitative evaluation, quantitative evaluation, and available computer codes for fault-tree analysis.


Quality of life (QOL) of older people is becoming an important public health concern and should be evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate socioeconomic and individual determinants of QOL of older subjects living in metropolitan Santiago, Chile. We first carried out a qualitative phase with focus groups of older people. According to the conclusions of the focus groups, a questionnaire about QOL was devised and added to the WhoQoL (World Health Organization Quality of Life) and WHOQoL-Old brief questionnarires. The final document with 85 questions was applied to healthy older subjects living in the community. A total of 1,676 subjects aged 71.8±7.4 years (1,189 women) took part in the survey. A multiple stepwise regression model showed that a higher socioeconomic level, a better educational level, performing voluntary work, having a partner, participating in groups with other older people, and being younger were factors independently associated with a higher QOL. A principal components analysis showed that psychological health and social relationships were the main domains that explained the total quality of life score. Psychological health and social relationships were the main determinants of QOL in this sample of older Chilean people living in metropolitan Santiago.


We investigate the impact of competition policy enforcement on the functioning of European energy markets, and how sectoral regulation influences these outcomes. For this purpose, we compile a new dataset on the European Commission's (EC) and EU member states' competition policy decisions, and combine it with firm- and sector-level data. We find that EC merger policy has a positive and robust impact on (i) the level of competition; (ii) investment; and (iii) productivity. This impact, however, only shows up in low-regulated sectors. Other competition policy decisions – EC state aid and anti-trust interventions; as well as all individual Member State policy variables – do not have a uniform effect on energy markets' functioning. Our findings are consistent with the idea that the EC's merger policy actions have been used to overcome significant obstacles to a well-functioning EU energy sector and may well have shaped the overall development of gas and electricity markets in Europe.


Sneakers are more than just athletic shoes - they are also fashion statements, status symbols, and cultural icons. This book traces the progression of sneaker design from the early canvas-topped rubber soles to the hi-tech innovations of the late 1980s. Over 450 color and black-and-white images compiled from magazine advertisements that date back to 1940 explore a half-century of athletic shoe design for track, football, soccer, baseball, basketball, running, tennis, and casual wear. Included are designs by Converse, Keds, Adidas, Nike, Puma, Reebok, and New Balance, among other companies. Fashion historians, designers, and sneaker fans will all love this exciting book.


A hybrid integrated circuit (IC)/microfluidic chip is presented that independently and simultaneously traps and moves microscopic objects suspended in fluid using both electric and magnetic fields. This hybrid chip controls the location of dielectric objects, such as living cells and drops of fluid, on a 60 times 61 array of pixels that are 30 times 38 mum2 in size, each of which can be individually addressed with a 50-V peak-to-peak dc-to-10-MHz radio-frequency voltage. These high-voltage pixels produce electric fields above the chip's surface with a magnitude |oarrE| ap 1 V/ mum, resulting in strong dielectrophoresis (DEP) forces |oarrFDEP| ap 1 nN. Underneath the array of DEP pixels, there is a magnetic matrix that consists of two perpendicular sets of 60 metal wires running across the chip. Each wire can be sourced with 120 mA to trap and move magnetically susceptible objects using magnetophoresis. The DEP pixel array and magnetic matrix can be used simultaneously to apply forces to microscopic objects, such as living cells or lipid vesicles, that are tagged with magnetic nanoparticles. The capabilities of the hybrid IC/microfluidic chip demonstrated in this paper provide important building blocks for a platform for biological and chemical applications.


With the wide penetration of mobile internet, social networking (SN) systems are becoming increasingly popular in the developing world. However, most SN sites are text heavy, and are therefore unusable by low-literate populations. Here we ask what would an SN application for low-literate users look like and how would it be used? We designed and deployed KrishiPustak, an audio-visual SN mobile application for low-literate farming populations in rural India. Over a four month deployment, 306 farmers registered through the phones of eight agricultural mediators making 514 posts and 180 replies. We conducted interviews with farmers and mediators and analyzed the content to understand system usage and to drive iterative design. The context of mediated use and agricultural framing had a powerful impact on system understanding (what it was for) and usage. Overall, KrishiPustak was useful and usable, but none-the-less we identify a number of design recommendations for similar SN systems.


: Oral cancer accounts for 5% of all tumors in men and 2% in women. We analyzed frequency, sex distribution and cervical lymph node involvement in relation to tumor site. Local extension was diagnosed in 66 patients by MR imaging and the results were compared to CT scan. The results of these studies were correlated with the histopathological study of the specimen in relation to the diagnosis of bone infiltration, tumor size and cervical node infiltration. Bone infiltration was similar in MR images and CT scans. Tumor size was better diagnosed by MR imaging. Detection of cervical lymph node involvement was similar in MR imaging and CT scan.


Potato Dextrose Agar is growth and identification media of fungi that cause superficial mycoses, including Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes with 10–14 days growth period. Modification media is needed to accelerate the growth of the fungus. Zea mays saccharata has a high carbohydrate, and cow's hair contains high keratin, which can be used as a nutrient to replace fungal growth media. The study aimed to obtain a modified media formula containing Zea mays saccharata as a substitute for dextrose and cow's hair as a source of keratin to accelerate the growth of Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes fungi. The modified media formula is mixing of Zea mays saccharata 15% to 25%, and cow's hair 20mg to 35mg. Acceleration of growth time based of when found microconidia and macroconidia, diameter measurements, and observations of texture and colonies color of Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The study results are Zea mays saccharata media with the addition of cow hair for Trichophyton rubrum grew 11 days with 10%+20mg formula and grew only seven days with 25%+35mg formula. Modified media for Trichophyton mentagrophytes grew seven days for 10%+20mg formula, while it was only three days with 25%+35mg formula. The media formula with the fastest growth rate for Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes was at a concentration of 25%+35mg. The Advanced Modified Media can become a patent medium for faster growth of superficial fungi at a lower cost. Further research needs to be done on how long this media can be stored for long-term use.


Knowledge, as the main source of competitive advantage in today's knowledge-based society, is often a fuzzy concept, with no direct referent in the real world. In order to conceptualize it people use the metaphor of knowledge assets, assets that can be managed, evaluated, invested in, and that became the main source of value creation within the organization. The paper's main purpose is to present an overview of the perspectives on knowledge assets for a better identification of what they comprise and stand for, and addresses the management challenges of managing these assets by presenting some strategies that can be applied in project environments.


Clinical manifestations of hereditary spherocytosis (HS), the most common red blood cell (RBC) membrane disorder, can be abrogated or markedly reduced by splenectomy. However, concerns regarding risks from overwhelming infections after splenectomy have restricted its use, especially in children. This study was designed to determine if partial splenectomy can decrease the hemolytic rate while maintaining phagocytic function of the spleen. Partial splenectomy was performed in 11 children (age 2 to 13) with HS. The effect on hemolytic rate was assessed by comparing the presurgical and postsurgical values for hemoglobin, reticulocyte number, and RBC life span. The residual splenic phagocytic function was assessed using technetium 99m scans and by enumerating the percentage of pitted RBCs in circulation. There were no complications from the surgical procedure in any of the 11 individuals. Following partial splenectomy, hemoglobin increased on the average by 3 g/dL, reticulocyte count decreased by 300 x 10(6)/L, and RBC life span was substantially prolonged. Normal technetium uptake was noted in the splenic remnant and the percentage of pitted RBCs was in the normal range. Partial splenectomy is effective in decreasing the hemolytic rate while maintaining residual splenic phagocytic function of the spleen in HS. We conclude that the use of this procedure as treatment for RBC membrane disorders warrants consideration, especially in infants under 5 years of age who need frequent transfusions.


Simulating turbulence in fluids is a fascinating part of physics which requires a high amount of computational power. Since for transitional Reynolds numbers each simulation run can be performed on a single contemporary CPU, turbulence studies are ideally suited for distributed computing where each node performs a simulation for a single initial condition. The approach presented in this paper makes use of unused computational power by integrating a dynamically changing set of possibly unreliable desktop PCs into a grid infrastructure of attentively administered dedicated cluster resources. The basic idea is to use peer-to-peer (P2P) technology for managing the set of computers and develop a "bridge" to interface the P2P network with a grid meta-scheduler which in turn interfaces with the grid middleware. This eliminates the need for central administration and continuous resource availability. It provides distributed scheduling, replicated storage and system monitoring capabilities. Experimental results obtained from an evaluation of our implementation show that our approach is both scalable and resilient in the presence of node failures and network churn.


It's a success story. Librarians at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (JUPUI) have been involved with the School of Sciences' SCI 120 Learning Communities for First-Year Students since their introduction in 1997. From curriculum development to teaching in the classroom, librarian expertise and experience has been valued and sought out. However, with this success comes challenges. How do we (the science librarians) manage the extensive time commitment required by these courses? How do we streamline the grading of library exercises? How can the instructional team members easily share instructional material? As the title of the 2004 LOEX conference states, the !UPUI science librarians have been refocusing our response' to meet these challenges, and would like to share our ideas as well as experiences. 1


This paper proposes a new localization strategy for indoor service robots. A mobile robot localization problem is difficult to solve by a single continuous algorithm. Major difficulties include dynamic changes of the real world, various uncertainties, limitation of sensor information, and so forth. To develop a practical localization solution, this paper proposes an integrated localization strategy based on the discrete status of the mobile robot. Uncertainties of navigation are specified and classified into discrete status, and then modeled as a Petri net-based discrete localization system. The proposed algorithm integrates developed computational schemes and robot behaviors with respect to the defined status. Major criteria of status discretization include geometric properties of the environment, existence of dynamic obstacles, and reliability level of the estimated position. An efficient map-matching scheme and a map-building strategy are developed toward practical implementations. This paper focuses on providing a synthesized practical localization method, which can deal with various uncertainties by explicit discretization of robot status. The feasibility of the proposed method is experimentally verified with prototype public service robots in dynamic real environments


Decision trees are important both as interpretable models amenable to high-stakes decision-making, and as building blocks of ensemble methods such as random forests and gradient boosting. Their statistical properties, however, are not well understood. The most cited prior works have focused on deriving pointwise consistency guarantees for CART in a classical nonparametric regression setting. We take a different approach, and advocate studying the generalization performance of decision trees with respect to different generative regression models. This allows us to elicit their inductive bias, that is, the assumptions the algorithms make (or do not make) to generalize to new data, thereby guiding practitioners on when and how to apply these methods. In this paper, we focus on sparse additive generative models, which have both low statistical complexity and some nonparametric flexibility. We prove a sharp squared error generalization lower bound for a large class of decision tree algorithms fitted to sparse additive models with $C^1$ component functions. This bound is surprisingly much worse than the minimax rate for estimating such sparse additive models. The inefficiency is due not to greediness, but to the loss in power for detecting global structure when we average responses solely over each leaf, an observation that suggests opportunities to improve tree-based algorithms, for example, by hierarchical shrinkage. To prove these bounds, we develop new technical machinery, establishing a novel connection between decision tree estimation and rate-distortion theory, a sub-field of information theory.


In many species of damselflies, sexual conflict in the form of male harassment is thought to explain the widespread existence of female-limited color polymorphisms. With a few exceptions, the majority of investigations into these mating systems have assumed that male damselflies primarily use visual cues to detect and recognize their mates. Recently, laboratory studies have demonstrated that damselflies orient to olfactory signals from prey and that males orient to chemical cues from conspecific females. However, to date there are no field experiments which explicitly test the role that chemical cues play in sex recognition. Here we used a field experiment on Enallagma civile damselflies to test if free flying males detect and recognize females in the absence of visual cues through the use of non-visual signals. In the absence of visual cues males did not exhibit positive responses toward female conspecifics, whereas when both visual and non-visual cues were present, males readily detected females and often tried to mate with them. Although it is possible that non-visual cues may be involved during close contact, our results emphasized that visual cues take center stage in damselfly mate recognition in the field environment. Because the field environment is the context in which selection acts on natural populations, results of this study have implications for our understanding of how selection on visual cues acts to maintain female-limited color polymorphism in damselflies whose males must search for potential mates.


OBJECTIVE
The slow rate at which articular cartilage degrades in dogs after transection of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACLT) has been attributed to capsular thickening and buttressing by osteophytes. We investigated the roles of the peripheral and central nervous systems in protecting knee joints with chronic ACL deficiency from breakdown.

METHODS
Five groups of dogs were studied; all were killed 72 weeks after left knee surgery. Group A had ACLT, group B had ACLT followed 52 weeks later by ipsilateral L4-S1 dorsal root ganglionectomy (DRG), group C had DRG followed 2 weeks later by ACLT, group D had sham DRG followed 2 weeks later by ACLT, and group E had DRG followed 2 weeks later by sham ACTL.

RESULTS
Group E dogs did not develop knee pathology. All cruciate-deficient knees were lax at the end of the study. The osteoarthritis (OA) that developed in groups A, B, and D was comparable (P > 0.05), and was significantly greater than that in group E (P < 0.05). Group C developed much more severe OA than any of the other groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION
Ipsilateral sensory input is temporarily important in protecting the unstable joint from rapid breakdown. Over time, the central nervous system apparently acquires the ability to protect the unstable joint without continued ipsilateral sensory input.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH) is the first and only licensed medical treatment for men with Peyronie's disease (PD). Published literature shows intralesional CCH injection as an effective and safe minimally invasive treatment in a specific subgroup of PD patients. Areas covered: The authors discuss pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics as well as clinical outcomes and safety profile from major CCH studies in PD. All relevant CCH studies published in PubMed and EMBASE databases up to June 2019 were included. Expert opinion: Given the variability in treatment schedule and drug access coupled with the potential need for further treatment, strict patient selection and the use of adjunctive strategies are key determinants to maximize clinical efficacy of intralesional CCH. Furthermore, longer-term follow-up data on the clinical outcomes, safety and durability of CCH in larger multi-center studies and post-marketing surveillance data are necessary to provide a comparison to other standard PD treatment options.


The configuration of firewalls is highly error prone and automated solution are needed in order to analyze its correctness. We propose a formal and automatic method for checking whether a firewall reacts correctly with respect to a security policy given in an high level declarative language. When errors are detected, some feedback is returned to the user in order to correct the firewall configuration. Furthermore, the procedure verifies that no conflicts exist within the security policy. We show that our method is both correct and complete. Finally, it has been implemented in a prototype of verifier based on a satisfiability solver modulo theories (SMT). Experiment conducted on relevant case studies demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of the approach.


This study investigates the evolution (from initiation to inactivity) of a normal fault system in proximity to active petroleum systems within the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. The aim of this research is to understand the evolution, interaction, and in some cases, death of normal faults in a region undergoing progressive regional extension. This research provides insight into the geometry, development, and displacement history of new and reactivated normal fault evolution through interpretation of industry standard seismic reflection data at high spatial and temporal resolution. Insight into normal fault evolution provides information on subsidence rates and potential hydrocarbon migration pathways.  Twelve time horizons between 1.2 and 35 Ma have been mapped throughout 1670 square kilometres of the Parihaka and Toro 3D seismic reflection surveys. Fault displacement analysis and backstripping have been used to determine the main phases of fault activity, fault growth patterns, and maximum Displacement/Length ratios. The timing, geometry, and displacement patterns for 110 normal faults with displacements >20 m have been interpreted and analysed using Paradigm SeisEarth and TrapTester 6 seismic interpretation and fault analysis software platforms.  Normal faults within the Parihaka and Toro 3D seismic surveys began developing at ˜11 Ma, with the largest faults accruing up to 1500 m of displacement in <10 Myr (mean throw displacement rate of 0.15mm/yr). Approximately 50% of the 110 mapped faults are associated with pre-existing normal faults and have typical cumulative displacements of ˜20 – 1000 m, with strike parallel lengths of <1 – 23 km. In contrast, new faults have typically greater displacements of 20 – 1400 m, and are generally longer with, with strike parallel lengths of ˜1 – 33 km.   New faults were the first faults within the system to become inactive when strain rates decreased from 0.06 – 0.03 between 3.6 and 3.0 Ma. Eight of the largest faults with > 1000 m cumulative displacement reach the seafloor and are potentially active at present day. An earthquake on one of these faults could be expected to produce MW 2.2 based on the maximum strike-parallel length of the fault plane.


Only little is known about the underpinning psychological processes that determine medical choices. Across four studies, we establish that conspiracy mentality predicts a preference for alternative over biomedical therapies. Study 1a (N = 392) and 1b (N = 204) provide correlational support, Study 2 (N = 185) experimentally tested the role of power: People who endorsed a conspiracy mentality perceived a drug more positively if its approval was supported by a powerless (vs. powerful) agent. Study 3 (N = 239) again showed a moderating effect of power and conspiracy mentality on drug evaluation by comparing analytic versus holistic approaches. These findings point to the consequences of conspiracy mentality for health behavior and prevention programs.


Manolova, V. (2021). Evaluation of the development of fruit growing in Bulgaria (II part). Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 27 (Suppl. 1), 23–30 Fruit growing is a traditional branch of Bulgarian agriculture. It is essential for the country's economy and the development of agricultural regions. The study tries to explain what is happening to the fruit sector today in the context of its historical development. The purpose of this article is to determine and evaluate the stages in which fruit growing was developed over the years. In order to achieve this, the study: analyzes and evaluates the development of fruit growing in Bulgaria; estimates the stages it goes through; evaluates the production potential of the fruit branch; analyzes and evaluates fruit export and fruit import. Тhe study considers a long period of time, which requires it to be divided into two parts. This second part of the article discusses the modern period in the development of fruit growing from the 90s until present days. The second part of the study determined two sub-stages of this period: transition sub-stage and sub-stage of equal membership of Bulgaria to EU from 2007 up to now. The analysis found a sharp decline in the production potential of fruit growing in the recent days. The average production level is 2 times lower for the (1900 – 2018) than the period (1925 – 1944). This is also reflected in the drastic decline in fruit exports. The article concludes that Bulgarian fruit growing enters the EU unprepared. There was no long term strategy for development of the branch. Innovative technological approaches in Bulgarian fruit growing are not widespread, mainly due to the more difficult access to support for fruit growers. Although the right direction was taken, serious mistakes were made, which did not allow Bulgaria to gain from its comparative advantages and to build a highly competitive and efficient fruit growing. Knowledge of business history is a prerequisite for avoiding mistakes in the future development of fruit growing in Bulgaria.


Enterococcus faecalis, a gram-positive member of the mammalian gastrointestinal flora, emerged as an important contributor to nosocomial infections and antibiotic resistance gene transfer. Lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a vital component of gram-positive cell walls, has been reported to function in numerous cellular processes, ranging from maintenance of cation homeostasis and virulence to modulating function and presentation of wall proteins such as adhesins and autolysins. Interestingly, LTA can be covalently modified by the addition of D-alanyl ester residues, which appear to help regulate its function by altering surface charge. In E. faecalis the process of esterification is catalyzed by four proteins encoded by the dlt operon. Mutants lacking a functional dlt operon display the inability to incorporate D-alanyl residues on LTA and are thus deficient in their ability to regulate the anionic charge of the outer envelope in response to extracellular cues. Recent evidence suggests that two-component systems are responsible for sensing environmental conditions and regulating dlt operon expression. Utilizing a reporter construct with the upstream promoter region of dlt fused to lacZ, we were able to determine how extracellular stimuli affect transcription of this operon by measuring β-galactosidase activity. Furthermore, we were able to identify specific response regulators important for bile salt, magnesium and polymyxin B signaling.


This article addresses some problems connected with the assessment of biodiversity in the area of Olimpiada Mining and Processing Plant, Polyus Krasnoyarsk. The outcome of two years-long (2018–2019) integrated monitoring of natural and manmade eco-systems is presented. The main landscape types are identified using satellite images and route observation data. The structure of habitat on the natural landscape and in the disturbed areas is estimated, with identification of: the sites with pronounced environmental impact of mining (overburden and waste rock dumps and slopes, manmade water reservoirs and banks); abandoned or reclaimed manmade objects; urban territory of the miners settlement; control (baseline) sites (pyrogenic-nature and primary forest, valley and flood-plain planting). It is emphasized that the soil cover and the thermal background in the test territory has been essentially transformed, which can greatly affect local biodiversity. Inspection of the natural and manmade eco-systems in the area of Olimpiada MPP has revealed 177 species of plants, including 153 species of higher vascular plants, 14 species of mosses and 10 species of lichens. The flora of vascular plants represents 46 families and 112 kinds. The species resistant to anthropogenic transformation are identified. The fauna biodiversity is represented by 34 species of mammals (Mammalia) from 5 orders (insect-eating, rodents, carnivores, cloven-footed and wing-handed animals) as well as by 110 species of birds Aves). The marker species are specified for monitoring of small mammals and birds in the test region. The research findings point at the required monitoring of biodiversity both in the territory of the mining and processing plant and in the adjacent undisturbed baseline area.


A simulation is carried out to investigate a relativistic backward wave oscillator (RBWO) with a sinusoidal guiding magnetic field. In the numerical simulation, a microwave output power of 1.33 GW at 9.57 GHz microwave frequency with 33% conversion efficiency is achieved. It is a significant attempt which is helpful for developing a practical high power microwave (HPM) source guided by a permanent magnetic field.


An increased risk of arteriosclerosis has been noted in cancer survivors. Currently, there are only a few reports available that consider the risk of arteriosclerosis in patients treated with chemotherapy. Patients with an advanced stage B-cell malignant lymphoma are typically treated with a combination therapy of rituximab and cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (R-CHOP). Complications such as diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperlipidemia (HL), and osteoporosis due to prednisolone and cardiotoxicity due to anthracyclines are well known. However, there are no studies that have investigated the link between R-CHOP therapy and arteriosclerosis. We discussed a patient with follicular lymphoma who was evaluated using cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) as an arterial stiffness parameter during R-CHOP therapy in this report. She achived complete remission after the eighth course therapy without complications such as hypertension (HT), HL, DM, and infection. This patient showed elevated CAVI with new plaque formation in the carotid arteries after the end of chemotherapy. These data indicate that R-CHOP therapy may progress the arteriosclerosis.


A new method for finite-difference analysis of high-speed interconnects with frequency-dependent parameters is presented. A set of differential equations are derived based on the equivalent circuit models of dispersive transmission lines. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is then employed to solve them involving no convolution computations. The proposed method has the identical memory requirement and computational expense as the recursive-convolution-based algorithm, while more accurate results are obtained. The generalized two-port equivalent model of transmission lines contributes to the convenience of dealing with arbitrary termination networks. In addition, a higher order (2,4) FDTD scheme is employed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of this algorithm. The validity and accuracy of the proposed method are illustrated by several numerical examples.


Phenolic derivatives are among the most important contaminants present in the environment. These compounds are used in several industrial processes to manufacture chemicals such as pesticides, explosives, drugs and dyes. They also are used in the bleaching process of paper manufacturing. Apart from these sources, phenolic compounds have substantial applications in agriculture as herbicides, insecticides and fungicides. However, phenolic compounds are not only generated by human activity, but they are also formed naturally, e.g., during the decomposition of leaves or wood. As a result of these applications, they are found in soils and sediments and this often leads to wastewater and ground water contamination. Owing to their high toxicity and persistence in the environment, both, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the European Union have included some of them in their lists of priority pollutants. Current standard methods of phenolic compounds analysis in water samples are based on liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) while Soxhlet extraction is the most used technique for isolating phenols from solid matrices. However, these techniques require extensive cleanup procedures that are time-intensive and involve expensive and hazardous organic solvents, which are undesirable for health and disposal reasons. In the last years, the use of news methodologies such as solid-phase extraction (SPE) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) have increased for the extraction of phenolic compounds from liquid samples. In the case of solid samples, microwave assisted extraction (MAE) is demonstrated to be an efficient technique for the extraction of these compounds. In this work we review the developed methods in the extraction and determination of phenolic derivatives in different types of environmental matrices such as water, sediments and soils. Moreover, we present the new approach in the use of micellar media coupled with SPME process for the extraction of phenolic compounds. The advantages of micellar media over conventional extractants are reduction of organic solvent, low cost, easy handling and shorter time procedures.


Abstract Background The sense of 'loss of control' (LOC), or a feeling of being unable to stop eating or control what or how much one is eating, is the most salient aspect of binge eating. However, the neural alterations that may contribute to this experience and eating behavior remain poorly understood. Methods We used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure activation in the prefrontal cortices of 23 women with bulimia nervosa (BN) and 23 healthy controls (HC) during two tasks: a novel go/no-go task requiring inhibition of eating responses, and a standard go/no-go task requiring inhibition of button-pressing responses. Results Women with BN made more commission errors on both tasks. BN subgroups with the most severe LOC eating (n = 12) and those who felt most strongly that they binge ate during the task (n = 12) showed abnormally reduced bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) activation associated with eating-response inhibition. In the entire BN sample, lower eating-task activation in right vlPFC was related to more frequent and severe LOC eating, but no group differences in activation were detected on either task when this full sample was compared with HC. BN severity was unrelated to standard-task activation. Conclusions Results provide initial evidence that diminished PFC activation may directly contribute to more severe eating-specific control deficits in BN. Our findings support vmPFC and vlPFC dysfunction as promising treatment targets, and indicate that eating-specific tasks and fNIRS may be useful tools for identifying neural mechanisms underlying dysregulated eating.


Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health problem in the UK-born population of England, including among young adults. Ecological studies indicate that deprivation is an important risk factor for TB, but there are few recent individual-level studies in high income countries that have investigated the association between poverty-related social determinants of health inequality (SDH) and TB. Our objective was to measure the association between individual socio-economic status and social determinants of health, and TB, taking into account the clustering of social risk factors in individuals, and to estimate the potential population impact on TB rates. Methods Secondary analyses of a nationwide case-control study conducted among UK-born White adults aged 23 to 38 years at diagnosis of their first TB episode, and randomly selected age and sex frequency-matched community controls. Data on some SDH (education, household overcrowding, tobacco smoking, alcohol use, drugs use, and history of homelessness and prison) were collected in face-to-face interviews. Statistical analyses, using logistic regression models, was informed by a theoretical causal framework (Directed Acyclic Graph) of plausible inter-relationships between the measured social factors. Results Overall, 681 TB cases and 1183 controls were recruited. The risk of TB was about four times higher in subjects whose formal education was up to GCSE O-levels or less compared to those with at least a university degree (OR=3.94; 95%CI: 2.74; 5.67), after controlling for other TB risk factors (age, sex, BCG vaccination and stays in Africa or Asia for 33 months). After simultaneously adjusting for these risk factors and all measured social determinants, higher TB risk was also independently associated with tobacco smoking, use of drugs (especially injectable drugs - OR=5.67; 95%CI: 2.68; 11.98), history of homelessness and deprivation in the area of residence. Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) estimates suggested that tobacco use and class-A drug use were, respectively, responsible for 18% and 15% of TB cases in the target population. Conclusion The results provide insight into some of the mechanisms through which deprivation increases the risk of TB in the general population in England and support the argument for improved approaches to TB control efforts, such as integrated health and social services in high-risk young adult populations.


This paper introduces the application method of a measuring system for visual judgment ability of drivers in real three-dimension space (3D) based on the visual attention theory. The measuring system can simulate the traffic environment and driving conditions, and is made up of five parts, signal display system, data recording system, traffic environment simulation system, experimental seat and computer control system. It can control the peripheral environment illuminance and the appearance of stimulus at the target locations, and change the colour of stimulus. The paper demonstrated that the measuring system can be used to examine the reaction time and judgment response of drivers in real three-dimension space during driving, and show that the response ability training for visual attention of drivers can improve the vision judgment ability.


In this work, we report on the results of using a Diamond-Like Carbon / Porous Silicon (DLC/PS) double layer as antireflection coating to enhance the performance of multicrystalline silicon photovoltaic cells. DLC layers were obtained by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) method. The properties of these layers were investigated in order to establish the optimum preparation conditions for solar cell applications. Then, thin films of combined porous silicon-DLC structure were fabricated for antireflection coating use. The spectral response of a solar cell based on multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) coated with a PS layer, formed by electrochemical process was enhanced compared to a cell without porous silicon layer as emitter. Further improvements are obtained by a deposition of a thin DLC film. The results of the solar cell parameters before and after porous silicon formation and DLC coating are discussed.


In this study we employ two distinct lenses of emotional labor—EL as occupational requirements and EL as intrapsychic processes of surface acting—and examine their relationship with job satisfaction. In a large, occupationally diverse sample, results indicate that occupational EL requirements are positively related to job satisfaction, whereas surface acting is negatively related to job satisfaction. Additionally, occupational EL requirements have a cross-level moderation effect on the relationship between surface acting and job satisfaction. Nonlinear effects are also observed for surface acting: the initial negative relationship of surface acting with job satisfaction is exacerbated at high levels of surface acting. Overall, this study enriches current research findings by incorporating the role of the occupational context, and provides insight into alternative evaluations of EL.


DURING the period 1939 to 1941, a series of observations was made by Dr. N. McAlister Gregg, of Australia, which has proved to be a new landmark in the investigation of congenital defects in infants. These observations concerned an entirely new variety of congenital cataract of dense nuclear type occurring in babies and differing from any of the previously reported morphological types both in appearance and in developmental opacity. In 1941 Gregg's report 1 of his study of 78 such cases among children of New South Wales revealed the singular fact that the mothers of these babies, with few exceptions, had suffered from an exanthematous disease during early pregnancy. This disease had been diagnosed as rubella. Gregg, himself, was at first inclined to doubt the accuracy of the diagnosis, since apparently such defects had only come to notice as late as 1939. However, in 1942 the exanthematous disease in question


The consequences of Plasmodium falciparum infections for humans range from selflimiting asymptomatic parasitaemia to rapid death. Annually, P. falciparum malaria is estimated to cause 0.5 billion acute febrile episodes, 2-3 million severe episodes warranting hospital admission and one million deaths. This enormous burden demands effective control strategies. A number of different interventions are available, but policy-makers need a rational basis for discriminating between them. The likely consequences of each intervention, or combination of interventions, must be considered. Trials can provide estimates of the impact of interventions on acute episodes over a short timespan. Predictions are required where field data are not available: over longer time periods, for severe outcomes, for many combinations of interventions, or for interventions which do not yet exist. A model intended for making quantitative predictions of the impact of interventions must relate transmission and infection to the key outcomes used by health-planners such as morbidity, mortality and cost-effectiveness. It must also allow for dynamic effects on transmission and acquired immunity, and incorporate the effect of the health system. Until recently, there was no such model. In the past, emphasis had lain with the transmission cycle. In addition, the most practical models would be individual-based with high computational demands. In response to this need, a stochastic individual-based integrated model has been developed at the Swiss Tropical Institute. The core of the integrated model is a description of asexual parasite densities, providing a basis for the effects of acquired immunity on reducing densities and for the density-based consequences of infection. This thesis contributes those elements that consider the immediate consequences of human infection: morbidity, mortality and transmission to the vector. The integrated model is then applied to questions concerning a new intervention, intermittent preventive treatment in infants (IPTi). A framework for morbidity and mortality is proposed. The probability of an acute febrile malaria episode is related to parasite densities via individual- and time-specific pyrogenic thresholds that respond dynamically to recent parasite load. Severe episodes result either from overwhelming parasitaemia, or from acute episodes in conjunction with a co-morbidity which acts to weaken the host. Both direct and indirect mortality were considered. Age-dependent case fatality rates estimated from field data were used to quantify the probability of direct mortality. Indirect deaths occur following an acute episode with subsequent co-morbidity after the parasites have cleared, or within the neonatal period as a consequence of maternal infection. Co-morbidity is assumed to be age-dependent. The model components are fitted to field data or to summaries of field data, and can simultaneously account for the observed age- and exposure-specific patterns of paediatric malaria and malaria-associated mortality. The model component for infectivity relates asexual parasite densities to the probability of infecting a feeding mosquito, taking into account the delay resulting from the timecourse of gametocytaemia and the need for both male and female gametocytes in
the blood meal. This component is fitted to data from malariatherapy patients and can
account for observed patterns of human infectivity. The integrated model is validated
against published estimates of the contribution of different age groups to the infectious
reservoir.
The integrated model, in conjunction with an added component for the action of
sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) and site-specific inputs, reproduced the pattern of
results of the IPTi trials reasonably well. The model was modified to represent different
hypotheses for the mechanism of IPTi. These hypotheses concerned the duration of
action of SP, the empirical timing of episodes caused by individual infections, potential
benefits of avoiding episodes on immunity and the effect of sub-therapeutic levels of SP
on parasite dynamics. None of the modified versions improved the fit between the
model predictions and observed data, suggesting that known features of malaria
epidemiology together with site-specific inputs can account for the pattern of trial
results. Predictions using the integrated model suggest that IPTi using SP is effective
over a wide range of transmission intensities at reducing morbidity and mortality in
infants. The predicted cumulative benefits were proportionately greater for mortality
and severe episodes than for acute episodes, due to the age-dependent co-morbidity
functions in the model. IPTi was predicted to avert a greater number of episodes where
IPTi coverage was higher, the health system treatment coverage lower, and for drugs
which were more efficacious and had longer prophylactic periods. Additionally, IPTi
was predicted to have little impact on transmisison intensity.
This is the first major attempt to model the dynamic effects of malaria transmsission,
parasitological status, morbidity, mortality and cost-effectiveness using model
components which were fitted to field data. The model can be extended to predict the
dynamic effects of different interventions, and combinations of interventions. The
ability to compare the likely impact of different interventions on the same platform will
be a valuable resource for rational decisions about strategies to control the intolerable
burden of malaria.


Periaxin (PRX) is an abundant protein in peripheral nerves and contains a predicted PDZ-like domain at its N-terminus. The large isoform, L-PRX, is required for the maintenance of myelin in the peripheral nervous system and its defects cause neurological disease. Here, the human periaxin PDZ-like domain was crystallized and X-ray diffraction data were collected to 2.85 Å resolution using synchrotron radiation. The crystal belonged to the primitive hexagonal space group P3121 or P3221, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 80.6, c = 81.0 Å, γ = 120° and either two or three molecules in the asymmetric unit. The structure of PRX will shed light on its poorly characterized function in the nervous system.


It has been suggested that the way that number words are used may play an important role in the development of number concepts. However, little is currently known about the overall ways in which number words are used in child-directed speech. To address this, we performed an analysis of how number words are used in the CHILDES database. We looked at four statistics: 1) lexical frequency, 2) contextual diversity, 3) word co-occurrence, and 4) distributional similarity, to see if these distributional statistics suggest why some aspects of number acquisition are easy and others are hard, and if these statistics are informative about specific debates in number acquisition. We found that that are many important differences in how small and large number words are used (such as differences in frequency, co-occurrence patterns, and distributional similarity), differences that may play an role in shaping hypotheses about children's acquisition of number concepts.


Cart with Apples Project #2 is a work comprised of eight short physical stories. These short stories have been created and are strongly influenced by Jewish traditions and culture. Each story is manifested through intense and intricate footwork, pedestrian movement and gestures, as well as folkloric and magical elements. Additionally, the work is strongly influenced by the music of the Klezmorim. In this creation I would like to note the eclectic style of the Klezmorim through the fusion of Eatern European and MIddle Eastern musical traditions with American Jazz, South American rhythms and Southwestern music. Through this synthesis I am attempting to portray images of a traditio that I have been a part of throughout my life. Cart with Apples: special thanks to Illusionist C.J. Johnson. Choreography: Jose Luis Bustamante (Songs of Sea), Yacov Sharir (Cart with Apples). Dance Company: Sharir+Bustamante Danceworks. Dancers: Amy Burell, Laura Cannon, Bryan Green, Terrdy Hardy, Luis Manuel Narvaez, Andee Scott (Songs of Sea: Pier and Ocean); Laura Cannon, Luis Manuel Narvaez (Songs of Sea: High Sea); Bryan Green (Songs of Sea: Shell); Amy Burrell, Laura Cannon, Terry Hardy, Andee Scott (MerMADE); Jeffrey Bullock, Luis Manuel Narvaez (Cart with Apples: Change for Me this Twenty-Fiver); Jeffrey Bullock, Laura Cannon, Terry Hardy, Luis Manuel Narvaez, Andee Scott (Cart with Apples: A Lovely Honga); Jeffery Bullock, Luis Narvaez (Cart with Apples: Happy Little Sher/to Life); Terry Hardy, Andee Scott (Cart with Apples: Seltzer Water); Amy Burrell, Laura Cannon, Yacov Sharir (Cart with Apples: Magic Broom); Amy Burrell, Yacov Sharir (Cart with Apples: Afterthought); Laura Cannon, Terry Hardy, Andee Scott (Cart with Apple: Trio in D Minor); Jeffery Bullock, Amy Burrell, Laura Cannon, Luis Manuel Narvaez (Cart with Apples: Quadroped). Costumes: Kari Perkins (Songs of Seas); Amy Burrell (Cart with Apples). Lighting: Amarante L. Lucero Music: Robyn Schulkowsky, Nils Petter Molvaer (Songs of Sea: Pier and Ocean); Madeira, Gil Vicente, adap. Tentugal (Songs of Sea: High Sea); Ocean Surf (Songs of Sea: Shell); "havet stomar" traditional, arranged by Hector Zazou (Songs of Sea: MerMADE); Austin Klezmorim with artistic director Bill Averbach (Cart with Apples Project #2); Michael Wolpe (Cart with Apples: Quadroped). Magic Consultant: Laura Cannon (Cart with Apples). Lead Vocals: Lena Willemark (Songs of Sea: MerMADE).