We present neutron scattering data on two single crystals of the high temperature superconductor La{sub 2-x}(Ca, Sr){sub x}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 6+{delta}}. The Ca{sub 0.1}-doped crystal exhibits a long-range antiferromagnetically ordered ground state. In contrast, the Sr{sub 0.15}-doped crystal exhibits short-range antiferromagnetic order as well as weak superconductivity. In both crystals antiferromagnetic correlations are commensurate; however, some results on the Ca{sub 0.1}-doped crystal resemble those on the spin-glass phase of La{sub 2-x}Sr{sub x}CuO{sub 4}, where magnetic correlations became incommensurate. In addition, both crystals show a structural transition from tetragonal to orthorhombic symmetry. Quite remarkably, the temperature dependence and correlation length of the magnetic order is very similar to that of the orthorhombic distortion. We attribute this behavior to an orthorhombic strain-induced interbilayer magnetic coupling, which triggers the antiferromagnetic order. The large size of the crystals made it also possible to study the magnetic diffuse scattering along rods perpendicular to the CuO{sub 2} planes in more detail. For comparison we show x-ray diffraction and magnetization data. In particular, for the Ca{sub 0.1}-doped crystal these measurements reveal valuable information on the spin-glass transition as well as a second anomaly associated with the N{acute e}el transition.


Background Electronic health (eHealth) is a multidisciplinary and rapidly evolving field, and thus requires research focused on knowledge accumulation, curation, and translation. Cardiovascular diseases constitute a global health care crisis in which eHealth can provide novel solutions to improve the efficiency and reach of self-management support for patients where they most need it: their homes and communities. A holistic understanding of eHealth projects focused on such case is required to bridge the multidisciplinary gap formed by the wide range of aims and approaches taken by the various disciplines involved. Objective The primary objective of this review is to facilitate a holistic interpretation of eHealth projects aimed at providing self-management support of cardiovascular diseases in the natural setting of patients, thus priming the use of remote monitoring technologies. The review aims to synthesize the operationalization of frameworks, models, and theories applied to the research and development process of eHealth. Methods We will use Noblit and Hare's metaethnography approach to review and synthesize researchers' and practitioners' reports on how they applied frameworks, models, and theories in their projects. We will systematically search the literature in 7 databases: Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ACM Digital Library, and the Cochrane Library. We will thoroughly read and code selected studies to extract both raw and contextual data for the synthesis. The relation of the studies will be determined according to the elements of the frameworks, models, or theories the studies applied. We will translate these elements between each other and intend to synthesize holistic principles for eHealth development for the case at hand. Results The search strategy has been completed, data extraction is almost finalized, and the first synthesis approaches are underway. The search yielded 1224 citations and, after we applied the selection criteria, 17 articles remained. We expect to submit the final results for publication in 2019. Conclusions This review is important because it aims to create a holistic understanding of a multidisciplinary topic at the crossroads of eHealth, cardiovascular diseases, and self-management. The value of metaethnography in contrast to other systematic review methods is that its synthesis approach seeks to generate a new understanding of a topic, while preserving the social and theoretical contexts in which findings emerge. Our results will show how useful this method can be in bridging the multidisciplinary gap of eHealth research and development, to inform and advance the importance of holistic approaches, while showcasing this approach for the case of self-management in cardiovascular diseases. Trial Registration PROSPERO CRD42018104397; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php? RecordID=104397 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/75H1kP1Mm) International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/13334


Forty patients with intractable, recurrent Stage IV lymphoma were treated with applications of 434‐MHz microwave radiation which were combined with small doses of cytotoxic drugs and/or supervoltage irradiation on an individual basis. Complete remission in 34 patients, and partial remission in four patients followed the treatment course; only two patients failed to improve. At the time of writing, 50% of these patients were alive; the average survival period being 47 months. The synergistic effect of the combination of microwave irradiation with conventional therapeutic agents is discussed.


This study aims to reflect experts` opinions in analyzing a design thinking as foundation of multidisciplinary education. For this purpose, a delphi survey was conducted with 20 experts in three sessions from May 1 to June 25, 2012. To analyze the collected data, descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, the mean, and standard deviation were implemented, and internal reliability test on the survey instrument was carried out for statistical processing. The main results are as follows : First, the delphi analysis on intuitive thinking of design thinking suggested 7 items(to pursue the possibility of outside, to pursue the possibility of applying new forms of technology, content planning, facing a complex real-world phenomena etc.). Second, the delphi analysis on logical thinking of design thinking suggested 7 items(executed repeatedly, reasoning and verification, artificial intelligence, a decision support system etc.) Third, the delphi analysis on subjective thinking of design thinking suggested 9 items(user experience measuring, user satisfaction ratings, user requirements analysis, user interface design, behavioral responses of the human etc.). Fourth, the delphi analysis on objective information of design thinking suggested 8 items(information management system, simulation, production process, information exchange and sharing etc.). According to the results of the delphi analysis, design thinking can be seen as the foundation of multidisciplinary education. Suggestions were made for discussion about the main results and further researches.


Novel experimental techniques are required to make the next big leap in neutron electric dipole moment experimental sensitivity, both in terms of statistics and systematic error control. The nEDM experiment at the Spallation Neutron Source (nEDM@SNS) will implement the scheme of Golub & Lamoreaux [Phys. Rep., 237, 1 (1994)]. The unique properties of combining polarized ultracold neutrons, polarized 3He, and superfluid 4He will be exploited to provide a sensitivity to ∼ 10−28 e · cm. Our cryogenic apparatus will deploy two small (3 L) measurement cells with a high density of ultracold neutrons produced and spin analyzed in situ. The electric field strength, precession time, magnetic shielding, and detected UCN number will all be enhanced compared to previous room temperature Ramsey measurements. Our 3He co-magnetometer offers unique control of systematic effects, in particular the Bloch-Siegert induced false EDM. Furthermore, there will be two distinct measurement modes: free precession and dressed spin. This will provide an important self-check of our results. Following five years of "critical component demonstration," our collaboration transitioned to a "large scale integration" phase in 2018. An overview of our measurement techniques, experimental design, and brief updates are described in these proceedings.


Although levels of serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) increase with age in women, this could be caused by retention of non‐biologically active PTH fragments by the aging kidney. In 102 normal women, aged 30 to 89 yr, serum iPTH increased with age by 58% (r = 0.33, p < 0.001) with antiserum GP‐1M (which has midmolecule specificity) and 43% (r = 0.32, p < 0.001) with antiserum CH‐12M (which may have whole molecule specificity); urinary cAMP/GFR excretion increased by 29% (r = 0.22, p < 0.05). The results of these assays were validated by comparison with serum levels of biologically active PTH (BioPTH) in immunoextracts of serum followed by renal adenylate cyclase assay in a selected subgroup of 25 of the women. Serum BioPTH correlated with serum iPTH assessed by antiserum GP‐1M (r = 0.48, p < 0.05) and antiserum CH‐12M (r = 0.48, p < 0.05) but not with urinary cAMP. The data are consistent with an increase of parathyroid function with aging: clearly, we do not find decreased parathyroid function as would be expected if age‐related bone loss was not mediated, in part, by PTH.


A new high-resolution x-ray diffraction approach for quantitative analysis of superlattice structures (SLs) with self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) was developed. For numerical simulations of the 2D angular distribution of diffracted x-ray radiation, both the coherent and diffuse scattering components have been calculated. Direct comparison of simulated patterns and experimental results revealed good agreement of the calculated intensity distribution with experimental reciprocal space maps for the superlattice GaAs(001)-AlGaAs-{InAs QDs-GaAs}SL with 20 periods of quantum dots. The simulation procedure allows one to obtain data about the shape, average size, elastic strains around the QDs, average density of the QDs, the presence of short- or long-range order in the arrangement of QDs in the semiconducting matrix, the vertical and lateral correlation lengths of the ensemble of quantum dots, and the parameters of the intermediate GaAs and AlGaAs layers.


The regulation of severance pay, that is the statutory benefits an employee receives from their employer to compensate for loss of income due to the termination of the employment, is left to the discretion of the Member States. The main characteristics of the legal entitlements employees have when leaving their job are summarised in the European Restructuring Monitor database on restructuring related-legislation. However, the database cannot provide a full picture as severance pay is not legally regulated in all countries (for example, Finland and Sweden). Even in those countries where a legal baseline exists, collective or company agreements and individual contracts may result in different provisions that cannot be captured by the database.


We put forward a new option pricing formula based on the notion that people tend to think by analogies and comparisons. The new formula differs from the Black Scholes formula due to the appearance of a parameter in the formula that captures the risk premium on the underlying. The new formula, called the analogy option pricing formula, provides an explanation for the implied volatility skew puzzle in equity options. We also discuss the key empirical predictions of the analogy formula.


Policy changes and the evolution of green technology have induced new links among markets. In this research, we study a representative market system, the U.S. crude oil, corn and plastics markets affected by policies promoting corn-based energy and corn-based bioplastics production. The vector error correction model (VECM) proxies the mean equation for the ARCH process is established to study price transmission among markets in United States, especially price volatility spillover effects. We find that plastics prices and corn futures prices are moving together in the long run, but that the crude oil futures prices is weakly exogenous to this system. We also show the existence of volatility spillover from crude oil futures price to corn futures price, but not from crude oil futures price to plastics price. Moreover, after EISA 2007 taken effect, the risk spillover effects from crude oil market to corn market is greater, and the significant bidirectional volatility transmission between corn future and plastics market is established as well, which brings new challenges to stake holders on both markets and requires them to re-evaluate the risk management strategy.


Demand for portable electronic and electrical devices has led to considerable growth in production of lithium-ion battery cells and the number of manufacturers thereof. However, due to lack of supplied information or independent verification, it is frequently difficult to compare cells based on available data. In this study, we conduct a comparative testing study on five types of 18650-format lithium-ion cells from three different commercial manufacturers, ranging from budget to high-performance cells. Key insights gathered in the comparison were that the tested budget cells frequently offer less than 20% of their rated capacity, that the budget cells degrade at a significantly higher proportional rate than other cells, and that certain high-performance cells exceed the size dimensions of the 18650-format by over 3%. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy testing showed the budget cells to have internal impedances several times higher than other cells, leading to notably increased heat generation and a significantly reduced cell efficiency. Differential capacity analysis found this high internal resistance to notably impede lithium intercalation processes. The presented methodology is intended as a base framework for conducting subsequent comparative testing studies for Li-ion cells.


Clean energy technologies, such as photovoltaics, wind turbines, efficient lighting systems and electric vehicles, are key players in moving towards a sustainable future. However, each of these technologies relies on significant use of specialized metals, raising materials criticality concerns as the demand for these devices (and the materials they contain) increases. In addition to low ore concentrations and missing trade at major public exchanges, one of the main sources of concern is their byproduct nature. In many cases, in fact, such metals are obtained as minor products of more abundant materials, which are referred as carrier metals. Some examples include cadmium, gallium, germanium, indium, selenium and tellurium.
The point discussed within the current literature is that the maximum supply potential of byprod-uct metals is limited by the supply of carrier metals. Moreover, price inelasticity of byproducts (supply not responding to price changes) have been cited as proof of such constraint.
The first part of the present work aims to categorize forty-seven carrier-byproduct pairs according to byproduct fraction and value ratio to assess criticality. Both a qualitative and a quantitative evaluation of the obtained matrix are performed, using hierarchical clustering for the quantitative analysis.
The objective of the second part of the study is to verify whether the supply of byproduct metals is inelastic and, if so, understand whether this is caused by carriers' supply limiting byproduct sup-ply. Indium and tellurium are used as case studies. The selection of those elements is driven by their wide application in clean energy technologies, from thin-film photovoltaics cells to nuclear power control rods. Econometric analyses including ordinary least squares, autoregressive distrib-uted lag and two stages least square models are performed.
Five similar groups are identified in both the qualitative and quantitative evaluation. Each cluster consists of pairs with similar overall criticality that impact market players in a similar way. Two groups are found to be critical for consumers, one for producers, one for both and one for none.

For what concerns supply inelasticity, econometric analyses suggest that both indium and tellu-rium are price inelastic to supply. However, while in the first case the reason is found to be limita-tion of the carrier metal, for tellurium this seems not to be the case. Non-transparent trading, monopolistic character of supply and other factors are indeed expected to be the major causes.
Future work will investigate additional byproduct pairs using similar econometric models. The final aim of the project is to produce outcomes which will be useful for decision making of both metals producers and consumers.


The development of new industries demands access to local capabilities. Little attention has yet been paid to the role of spillovers from neighbor regions for industrial diversification, nor has the role of network linkages between neighbor regions been investigated. As the spread of capabilities has a strong geographical bias, we expect regions to develop new industries in which their neighbor regions are specialized. To test this hypothesis, we analyze the development of new industries in US states during the period 2000-2012. We show that an US state has a higher probability of developing a comparative advantage in a new industry if a neighbor state is specialized in that industry. We also show that neighbor US states have more similar export structures. This export similarity seems to be explained by higher social connectivity between neighbor states, as embodied in their bilateral migration patterns.


Practitioners face a number of unique challenges in child clinical psychology, particularly around areas such as competency, consent, confidentiality, and the balance of obligations towards the child or young person and their legal guardians. Resorting to ethical codes of practice to try and deal with these ethical dilemmas often fails to resolve the problem adequately, or leads to 'moral blindness' in which other ethical issues are ignored (Ward & Syversen, 2009). In order to provide a more complete ethical guideline for practitioners to consult when faced with ethical quandaries, I have created the Integrated Framework for Professional Ethical Thinking (IFPET) that is specifically tailored towards child and adolescent clinical psychology. The IFPET model provides a multi-faceted approach to ethical thinking that widens moral reasoning and awareness and promotes a more complete approach towards dealing with ethical issues in child and adolescent clinical psychology.


There is still an open debate within the research community regarding the likely performance enhancement of smart antennas versus their complexity for commercial wireless applications. The goal of the study presented in this paper is to investigate the performance improvement attainable using relatively simple smart antenna techniques when applied to the third-generation W-CDMA air interface. Methods to achieve this goal include fixed multibeam architectures with different beam selection algorithms (maximum power criterion, combined beams) or adaptive solutions driven by relatively simple direction finding algorithms. After comparing these methods against each other for several representative scenarios, some issues related to the sensitivity of these methods are also studied, (e.g., robustness to environment, mismatches originating from implementation limitations, etc.). Results indicate that overall, conventional beamforming seems to be the best choice in terms of balancing the performance and complexity requirements, in particular when the problem with interfering high-bit-rate W-CDMA users is considered.


Many endangered languages have little documentation, and that which does exist is often in a format which is not useful to communities of speakers. The rush to document because of endangerment issues and the constraints of the research schedule often drive the documentation process. In severe endangerment situations, it is vital to document as much of the language as possible, and researchers often focus the majority of precious research time on complex grammatical elicitation and the collection of narratives. However, it is not in the best interests of the documentation process to overlook the benefits of pedagogical approaches and possible alternative uses of the language data. In this paper I describe efforts to integrate legacy data and ongoing data collection to produce academic and pedagogical materials for Mocho', a Mayan language of Mexico with fewer than 50 speakers remaining and no published dictionary, grammar, or pedagogical materials. There is increasing awareness in the field of language documentation of the ethical responsibility of researchers to be responsive to the language community, and recognition of the benefits of a reciprocal collaborative relationship between academic linguists and the language community. Additionally, the process of documentation itself can benefit from pedagogical materials development since the collection of documentary resources becomes more complete. The data needed for pedagogical materials is often different from that collected according to traditional documentation methodologies and researchers can encounter new structures and understandings through the collection of data for pedagogical materials. Efforts to produce accessible language learning materials from documentation have raised issues in the reconciliation of the dual objectives of linguistic documentation and language pedagogy. From a case study of the Mocho' documentation project, I will address the following questions: - Is there a mismatch between the data necessary for documentation and those necessary for language learning? -What types of documentation are useful for the creation of language learning materials? -What factors should be considered when switching the focus from documentation to pedagogy? -What benefits could pedagogical considerations have for documentation processes? The process of digitizing legacy resources has received more rigorous attention recently within the field of language documentation; however, the use of the resultant materials is not as widely discussed. This paper presents principles drawn from the process of transforming linguistic documentation into usable digital formats, integrating current field research and legacy data, and using those resources to satisfy research goals and create language learning materials.


NK cells express FcγRIII (CD16), which is responsible for IgG-dependent cell cytotoxicity and for production of several cytokines and chemokines. Whereas FcγRIII on NK cells is composed of both FcγRIIIα and FcRγ chains, that on mast cells is distinct from NK cells and made of FcγRIIIα, FcRβ, and FcRγ. Mast cells show degranulation and release several mediators, which cause anaphylactic responses upon cross-linking of FcγRIII as well as FcεRI with aggregated IgE. In this paper, we examined whether IgE activates NK cells through FcγRIII on their cell surface. We found that NK cells produce several cytokines and chemokines related to an allergic reaction upon IgE stimulation. Furthermore, NK cells exhibited cytotoxicity against IgE-coated target cells in an FcγRIII-dependent manner. These effects of IgE through FcγRIII were not observed in NK cells from FcRγ-deficient mice lacking FcγRIII expression. Collectively, these results demonstrate that NK cells can be activated with IgE through FcγRIII and exhibit both cytokine/chemokine production and Ab-dependent cell cytotoxicity. These data imply that not only mast cells but also NK cells may contribute to IgE-mediated allergic responses.


The current study aimed to evaluate the dispersal of solution and microbes (aerosol) in the clinic environment during treatment with Low-frequency contact ultrasonic debridement (LFCUD) with or without suction attachment in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). We performed 20 treatments in 10 patients divided into two groups to receive the proposed LFCUD modalities. We measured the microbial load of the environment pre-treatment (sample M1), during treatment with each LFCUD modality (sample M2), and post-treatment (sample M3). The use of LFCUD debridement without a suction attachment results in significantly higher immediate contamination of the clinic environment than the suction attachment, particularly during the procedure (1.70 ± 0.98 log 10 CFU/mL versus 0.77 ± 0.85 log 10 CFU/mL, p = 0.035). When suction is not applied, there are statistically significant differences depending on whether the DFUs is neuropathic or neuroischemic, finding a greater number of microorganisms with high loads in neuropathic DFUs. We found a statistically significant positive correlation between wound area (r = 0.450, p = 0.047) and TBI (r = 0.651, p = 0.006) with the bacterial load during the LFCUD. Based on our results, we recommend using the personal protective equipment required to protect staff members and patients during treatment with LFCUD and using a suction attachment where clinically possible to reduce clinic environmental pollution, especially in neuropathic DFUs and those with larger areas. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are active metallic materials classified nowadays as "smart" or "intelligent" materials. One of the main areas of interest is that of actuators. The use of Shape Memory Alloys in actuators offers the opportunity to develop robust, simple and lightweight elements that can represent an alternative to electro-magnetic actuators commonly used in several fields of industrial applications, such as automotive, appliances, etc. The obvious simplicity of mechanical design and minimum number of moved parts is amazing for an actuator. NiTi SMAs demonstrated to have the best combination of properties. Due to its relatively high recovery stress and strain, actuators providing significant force and stroke can be designed. There are perhaps thousands of applications of NiTi-based actuators mentioned in literature and in patents. Successful applications will build on SMA strengths whilst taking into account its weaknesses. SAES Getters S.p.A., thanks to its vertically integrated process and to the scientific and quality approach, developed a NiTi-based wires family which can represent a very good solution for shape memory actuators. The mechanically stabilized SAES Smartflex NiTi actuators show a very sophisticated profile of properties. In this paper the mechanical, thermal and electrical response of these shape memory wires, at diameters ranging from 25 to 500 mm, under different working conditions, simulating the actual operating condition in real actuators, will be examined in depth and discussed, in order to direct the design of the actuator so that the functional properties of the material can be completely exploited. The thermomechanical properties have been investigated and measured by several methods. The most common and useful tests for these commercially available wires will be also described.


The aim of this study was to find out the effects of raised serum uric acid level on perinatal and maternal outcome in cases of pregnancy-induced hypertension. One hundred pregnant women with gestational period beyond 28 weeks with pregnancy-induced hypertension-preeclampsia and eclampsia were included in this study and divided into two groups. Group A (n=65) patients with a serum uric acid level >6 mg/dL was compared to Group B (n=35) patients with a uric acid level <6 gm/dL. It revealed that high uric acid level in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension was a risk factor for several maternal complications like postpartum hemorrhage (Group A, 12 cases; Group B, 7 cases), postpartum eclampsia (Group A, 7 cases; Group B, 3 cases), abruptio placentae (Group A, 6 cases; Group B, 2 cases), HELLP syndrome (Group A, 2 cases; Group B, no case) and pulmonary edema (Group A, 3 cases; Group B, no case). In case of perinatal outcome, the birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, intrauterine death, stillbirth and neonatal death rate were worse in Group A 1.9 kg, 46, 19, 7 and 8 cases in comparison to Group B, where those were 2.1, 13, 6, 2, and 2 cases respectively. In conclusion, high uric acid in blood in patient with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy is a risk factor for several maternal complications.


The immune system is a target of toxicants and there is increasing awareness of the role of environmental pollutants in altering immune function. Immune suppression may constitute a previously unappreciated source of both acute and chronic impacts on seabirds aVected by spilled oil. Thus, it is important to determine (a) if immunosuppression occurs, (b) its importance compared to other mechanisms of impact, (c) its timing and chronicity relative to oil ingestion and post-spill cleaning eVorts, and (d) if something can, and should be, done to mitigate its eVects. The published evidence concerning immune suppression among oiled seabirds is incomplete and much of it is indirect. Among oiled birds, leukocyte numbers (especially lymphocytes) are depressed in the circulation and the major lymphoid organs (spleen and bursa of Fabricius). At the same time, bone marrow hypercellularity, with an emphasis on erythropoiesis, suggests an adaptive shift from white cell to red cell production in response to haemolytic anaemia. Secondary fungal and bacterial infections, common among seabirds in rehabilitation centres, emphasize the immunosuppressive qualities of petrochemicals. Furthermore, inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract following oil ingestion leads to malabsorption of nutrients (which is immunosuppressive), damage to mucosal immune defences, and impairment of responses to certain antigens, such as those of foods. Unfortunately, direct challenge by viral or bacterial pathogens has been incorporated into very few relevant, laboratory studies: compared with experimental controls, domestic birds fed petroleum distillates and/or oil-emulsifying agents suVer greater mortality, and have depressed ability to kill or phagocytize bacterial pathogens. Cell-mediated immune mechanisms are more sensitive to the toxic eVects of petrochemical ingestion than are mechanisms related to antibody production. Petrochemical ingestion produces abnormal concentrations or accelerated metabolism of adrenal corticosteroids. The same is true for birds subjected to handling stress, such as occurs during experimentation with wild birds, and during cleaning of oil-soaked birds. Corticosteroid hormones aVect the immune system in many ways, including changes in numbers, and depression of function among lymphocytes. Results of the few recent studies of birds released from cleaning facilities are consistent with the notion of chronic, toxic, or immune system problems. These birds suVer higher than expected mortality rates, disappear from expected breeding and dispersal areas, and generally fail to breed for one or more years. Better long-term success might be obtained with improved assessment of immune function during captivity, and with the use of non-specific potentiators of immune function. ? 1997 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea


Programs, consisting of semantic and structural information, play an important role in the communication between humans and agents. Towards learning general program executors to unify perception, reasoning, and decision making, we formulate program-guided tasks which require learning to execute a given program on the observed task specification. Furthermore, we propose the Program-guided Transformer (ProTo), which integrates both semantic and structural guidance of a program by leveraging cross-attention and masked self-attention to pass messages between the specification and routines in the program. ProTo executes a program in a learned latent space and enjoys stronger representation ability than previous neural-symbolic approaches. We demonstrate that ProTo significantly outperforms the previous state-of-the-art methods on GQA visual reasoning and 2D Minecraft policy learning datasets. Additionally, ProTo demonstrates better generalization to unseen, complex, and human-written programs.


Advances in the miniaturization, computational capabilities, and cost reduction of semiconductor technology have made global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) the favorite choice for positioning. Currently, positioning is a key factor for many essential tasks in our modern society and will become even more important with the advent of new concepts such as the Internet of Things (IoT), smart cities and autonomous driving. The extensive use of GNSSs in a wide range of applications has caused their migration from the professional segment to the mass-market segment in terms of both technology and performance. This presents new and more stringent requirements in terms of accuracy, robustness, ubiquity, and continuity for the original "open sky" GNSS design. GNSS technology has experienced an unprecedented evolution in the last decade, and it is expected to exponentially evolve in the next decade. This evolution is considered in this paper with the aim of providing a unified reference for current GNSS receiver technologies and solutions and its expected evolution in the next decade. We consider receiver concepts, antennae, RF front ends, digital signal processing, and positioning algorithms. The impacts on the different GNSS market segments and applications are also analyzed.


The comprehensive interpretation of well logs is a mathematical task on a solution of a set of equations. The number of equations is determined by the number of the logs and conditions determining boundary and geological requirements. The common methods (e.g. gradient method, GRAD) are limited to cases when one global minimum occurs in the examined range of variables. Only Monte Carlo method, MC, which consists on numerous solutions obtained by random sampling of possible variables can find the global minimum of the function when other local minima are present. The MC method is time consuming, especially, in application to the well logging interpretation when enormous number of points along the depth profile should be calculated. We propose a complex method of solution combining both MC and GRAD methods. The method has been applied to the Interlog application in the GeoWin system for processing and interpretation of well logs and the field example is presented in the paper. The results confirm that the combined MC-GRAD solutions can give more information than the simple GRAD solution. Presented approach can be treated as an additional tool, especially dedicated for log analysts, for solving a set of logs difficult to interpretation.


This new interpretation of Josephus' relationship to Greco-Roman historiography argues that classical motifs are selectively incorporated in BJ as a means of adjusting the reader's perspective, and are demonstrably related to the work's apologetic and polemical design.


Half a decade ago, in a now famous keynote address to the 2008 International Writing Across the Curriculum Conference, Susan H. McLeod pronounced that "Writing Across the Curriculum has survived and is thriving thirty-five years after it began." In fact, Writing Across the Curriculum and Writing in the Disciplines (WAC/WID) programs have become mainstays in many American institutions of education. Based on their "State of WAC/WID in 2010 Methods and Results of the US Survey of the International WAC/WID Mapping Project," Chris Thaiss and Tara Porter report that, since 1987, such programs have "grown by roughly one-third" (534). WAC/WID programs are, indeed, flourishing.


Two times each year, legions of chemists gather in North America for a massive meeting to discuss the state of the art in their science. The second of this year's get-togethers occurred 2 weeks ago, when the 206th national meeting of the American Chemical Society (ACS) drew about 13,000 chemists, scientists, and onlookers to Chicago. Researchers shared 4800 or so papers and posters on everything from making waste plastic into fuel oil to the chemical basis for the stench of ginkgo fruit to modeling the first instants of photosynthesis.


This study adopted a new formula fishing-boat fuel which is based on the existing fishing-boat-fuel A (FBFA) with the addition of viscous agents (RDS0.5, PFO0.5) in two different proportions. FBFA, RDS0.5 and PFO0.5, respectively are tested in three real-scale fishing boats. During the actual ship trial, the engine operating conditions, engine fuel oil consumption, horse power output and navigation speed were assessed and recorded. Furthermore, fuel emissions were sampled and analyzed, fishing-boat diesel engine performance was assessed and differences in exhaust composition were compared. The results showed that the three new viscous agents fules used lack abnormal vibration and noise, and have similar output status in terms of engine operational performance. At the same boat, the fuel oil consumption rates were similar between the new formula and FBFA. Moreover, analysis of contamination displayed that RDS0.5 particulate matter (PM) content was less than that of FBFA. Consequently, RDS0.5 appears to cause less engine wear. Additionally, the exhaust emission analysis results identified RDS0.5 as the best fuel for the engine. Futhermore, regarding pollutant emissions, including CO, CO2, NOx, PM, PAHs, only CO emissions are slightly higher than for FBFA. However, the CO emission value does not exceed exhaust emission standards of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It is remains within the allowable value range. RDS0.5 should have practical value.


Distributed generation becomes more and more important in modern power systems. However, the increasing use of distributed generators causes the concerns on the increasing system risk due to their likely failure or uncontrollable power outputs based on such renewable energy sources as wind and the sun. This work for the first time formulates an optimal power flow problem by considering controllable and uncontrollable distributed generators in power networks. The problem for the cases of single and multiple generator failures is addressed as an example. The methods are presented to find its power output solution of controllable online generators via particle swarm optimization and group search optimizer for coping with the difficult scenarios in a power network. The proposed methods are tested on an IEEE 14-bus system, and several population initialization strategies are investigated and compared for the algorithms. The simulation results confirm their effectiveness for optimal power management and effective control of a power network.


The aim of this article is to observe the trade exchange by calculating Relative Trade Advantage index with the wine products (HS 2204) of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the most common destinations concerning export and import. The data is used from the trade map data and wine institute data. The trade is based on the former Yugoslavia countries (Serbia, Croatia, North Macedonia, Slovenia, and Montenegro). Export market share and Import market share with these countries ranges from 60% to 95% of overall trade. The most important import partner is Serbia with a stake of 28.2%. The largest export partner is Croatia with 52.3% of all BiH's export. The calculated RTA index had values from (-0.674) in 2012 to (-0.567) in 2019. Negative values of RTA index represent relative trade disadvantages in Bosnia and Herzegovina's wine foreign exchange.


It is very important that preservice teachers are provided an effective classroom management education so that they can develop the knowledge, attitude, and practices expected from an effective classroom manager. This study explores the preservice teachers' perceptions of their classroom management education. This is a qualitative study using a hermeneutic phenomenology research design. Eleven participants from a private university were interviewed using a semi-structured interview tool. The findings suggest that preservice teachers are provided with multiple skills, from emotional support to moral reinforcement and diversity management, so that they can become skillful classroom managers. The significance of preservice teachers, their training, and different aspects of how a classroom should be, have been discussed in the research. Overall, it's qualitative research, and it elaborates on preservice teachers' perceptions of multiple domains of classroom management education in an education department.


Mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (EC 188.8.131.52) was purified to homogeneity from ox liver and obtained essentially free from acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase activity. The purification procedure included substrate elution from cellulose phosphate and chromatofocusing. The relative molecular mas was about 100 000 and S20,w0 was 6.36S. The enzyme appears to be a dimer of identical subunits (Mr 47 900). The Km for acetoacetyl-CoA is extremely low (less than 0.5 microM), and acetoacetyl-CoA (Acac-CoA) gives marked substrate inhibition (KiAcac-CoA = 3.5 microM) that is competitive with respect to acetyl-CoA. Both CoA and DL-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA give mixed product inhibition with respect to acetyl-CoA, which is compatible with a Ping Pong mechanism in which both products can form kinetically significant complexes with two forms of the enzyme. The two forms are most likely to be free enzyme and an acetyl-enzyme intermediate.


BACKGROUND
Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients with a BRAF(V600E) mutation benefit from targeted therapy. The usefulness of immunohistochemistry (IHC) as an alternative approach for the detection of BRAF(V600E) in NSCLC patients has not been evaluated until now. This study compared the specificity and sensitivity of IHC with other methods for the detection of BRAF(V600E) in primary lung adenocarcinoma.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
BRAF mutations were analysed by DNA sequencing of a Caucasian subpopulation of selected 450 of 1509 (30%) EGFR, KRAS, PI3KA, Her2 and EML4-ALK wild-type (wt) primary lung adenocarcinomas. Detection of the BRAF(V600E) mutation was carried out by IHC using the VE1 clone antibody and compared with the results of other molecular methodologies.

RESULTS
Of 450 (9%) of tumours, 40 harboured a BRAF mutation, which corresponded to either a BRAF(V600E) or a non-BRAF(V600E) mutation in 21 of 450 (5%) and 19 of 450 (4%) cases, respectively. The IHC VE1 assay was positive in 19 of 21 (90%) BRAF(V600E)-mutated tumours and negative in all BRAF(nonV600E)-mutated tumours.

CONCLUSION
IHC using the VE1 clone is a specific and sensitive method for the detection of BRAF(V600E) and may be an alternative to molecular biology for the detection of mutations in NSCLC.


Outer cell wall layers of intact yeast- and mycelial-phase Candida albicans B311 were extracted with dithiothreitol. Antisera against mycelial-phase organisms were absorbed with yeast-phase organisms or yeast-phase extract and used to stain Western blots of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels loaded with yeast- and mycelial-phase extracts. Autoradiography of gels loaded with extracts from organisms surface labeled with 125I was used to detect surface antigens containing proteins. Antigen bands of interest identified in Western blots were cut from the blots and used to immunize rabbits. Two antigens were identified in the mycelial-phase extract which were not present in the yeast-phase extract. The first was a 19-kilodalton protein that was present in the cell walls of germ tubes but was not expressed on their surfaces. The second was a polysaccharide-rich high-molecular-weight antigen which was expressed on the surface of the germ tube. Treatment of mycelial-phase extract with protease and endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H demonstrated that this antigen was composed of polysaccharides linked through di-N-acetylchitobiose groups to proteins.


Polymicrobial infections are difficult to diagnose due to the challenge in comprehensively cultivating the microbes present. Omics methods, such as 16S rRNA sequencing, metagenomics, and metabolomics, can provide a more complete picture of a microbial community and its metabolite production, without the biases and selectivity of microbial culture. However, these advanced methods have not been applied to clinical or industrial microbiology or other areas where complex microbial dysbioses require immediate intervention. The reason for this is the length of time required to generate and analyze omics data. Here, we describe the development and application of a pipeline for multi-omics data analysis in time frames matching those of the culture-based approaches often used for these applications. This study applied multi-omics methods effectively in clinically relevant time frames and sets a precedent toward their implementation in clinical medicine and industrial microbiology. ABSTRACT Multi-omics methods have greatly advanced our understanding of the biological organism and its microbial associates. However, they are not routinely used in clinical or industrial applications, due to the length of time required to generate and analyze omics data. Here, we applied a novel integrated omics pipeline for the analysis of human and environmental samples in under 48 h. Human subjects that ferment their own foods provided swab samples from skin, feces, oral cavity, fermented foods, and household surfaces to assess the impact of home food fermentation on their microbial and chemical ecology. These samples were analyzed with 16S rRNA gene sequencing, inferred gene function profiles, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) metabolomics through the Qiita, PICRUSt, and GNPS pipelines, respectively. The human sample microbiomes clustered with the corresponding sample types in the American Gut Project (http://www.americangut.org ), and the fermented food samples produced a separate cluster. The microbial communities of the household surfaces were primarily sourced from the fermented foods, and their consumption was associated with increased gut microbial diversity. Untargeted metabolomics revealed that human skin and fermented food samples had separate chemical ecologies and that stool was more similar to fermented foods than to other sample types. Metabolites from the fermented foods, including plant products such as procyanidin and pheophytin, were present in the skin and stool samples of the individuals consuming the foods. Some food metabolites were modified during digestion, and others were detected in stool intact. This study represents a first-of-its-kind analysis of multi-omics data that achieved time intervals matching those of classic microbiological culturing. IMPORTANCE Polymicrobial infections are difficult to diagnose due to the challenge in comprehensively cultivating the microbes present. Omics methods, such as 16S rRNA sequencing, metagenomics, and metabolomics, can provide a more complete picture of a microbial community and its metabolite production, without the biases and selectivity of microbial culture. However, these advanced methods have not been applied to clinical or industrial microbiology or other areas where complex microbial dysbioses require immediate intervention. The reason for this is the length of time required to generate and analyze omics data. Here, we describe the development and application of a pipeline for multi-omics data analysis in time frames matching those of the culture-based approaches often used for these applications. This study applied multi-omics methods effectively in clinically relevant time frames and sets a precedent toward their implementation in clinical medicine and industrial microbiology.


I am a strong intuitive. In order to help people better I trained to be a Certified Hypnotherapist, Dolores Cannon's QHHT (Quantum Healing Hypnosis Therapy) Recommended Practitioner and Mentor, Purebioenergy Healing Therapist, Healer, Soul Coach, Reiki Master and Qi Gong Practitioner. In my practice I help people access their true self to resolve their physical and psychological problems, which are often intertwined. This combination of approaches produces very deep healings. I share here a report of a very rapid healing for a woman who suffered from vulvodynia, which is severe pain just outside her vagina. She had suffered from this for 13 years because conventional medicine has not discovered a cure for this yet.


GERMAN RESEARCHMUNICH-- The presidency of Germany's basic-research granting agency--the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)--is hardly the comfortable administrative chair it once was. These days, German universities are in turmoil over budget cutbacks, prominent scientists grumble about stingy support for research, and the country's science community is still reeling from last year's scandal over falsifications in research. But biochemist Ernst-Ludwig Winnacker is tackling his new position with the confidence of a working scientist who is by all accounts well equipped with the political savvy, communication skills, and management acumen needed for the job. As DFG president, Winnacker will oversee a $1.1 billion annual budget for research projects at universities and institutes.


Purpose. To investigate the implementation of state- and school-mandated physical education (PE) and physical activity policies on students' school-day physical activity behaviors. Design. Observational, cross-sectional study. Setting. Five elementary schools in rural Alabama. Subjects. Six hundred and eighty-three school-age children. Measures. School-day physical activity behaviors were assessed with pedometer step count, the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time (SOFIT), and the System for Observing Play and Leisure Activity in Youth (SOPLAY). Analysis. Descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations) were used to describe the current health and in-school physical activity behaviors of students. Results. Students accumulated a daily average of 4079.57 (± 1678.1) and 3473.44 (± 1073.37) steps for boys and girls, respectively, throughout the school day. SOFIT findings indicate that students spent an average of 23.80 ± 5.33 min/d in PE and that 14.33 ± 6.10 min/d were spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). This equates to 59.38% of PE time spent in MVPA. SOPLAY findings showed that recess and before/after school activity was not provided. Conclusions. It appears that schools were in compliance with the state-mandated PE policies on paper but not in actuality. Students did not attend PE for 30 min/d. The implementation of PE as the sole physical activity opportunity provides inadequate amounts of physical activity during the school day.


This study presents the mechanical properties evaluation of two commercial grades of PVDFs, which were extruded with the same parameters but with different cooling temperatures. After processing, stress relaxation with 7% strain was imposed and tensile properties were measured.
 The cooling temperature after extrusion were 4°C, 23°C and 80°C. Then, the PVDFs were submitted to stress relaxation at 23°C and 7% strain. The as processed and after relaxation samples were characterized by FTIR, XRD, DSC and tensile tests at 23°C.
 The stress relaxation at 23 °C resulted in no change in volume fraction of crystallinity for PVDF A and B. The XRD and FTIR, for both PVDFs, showed that the crystalline phases were the same, for all cooling conditions and did not change after the stress relaxation. The tensile properties at room temperature showed that the yield stress was a little affect by the cooling temperature, while Young's Modulus and yield strain were insensible to the cooling temperature. After the stress relaxation, these three tensile properties were slightly affected for both grades.


Explanations for the dynamics of insect outbreaks often focus on natural enemies, on the grounds that parasitoid and pathogen attack rates are high during outbreaks. While natural enemy models can successfully reproduce outbreak cycles, experiments have repeatedly demonstrated the importance of resource quality and abundance. Experiments, however, are rarely invoked in modeling studies. Here we combine mechanistic models, observational data, and field experiments to quantify the roles of parasitoid attacks and resource competition on the jack pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus. By fitting models to a combination of observational and experimental data, we show that parasitoid attacks are the main source of larval budworm mortality at low and intermediate budworm densities but that resource competition is the main source of mortality at high densities. Our results further show that the effects of resource competition become more severe with increasing host tree age and that the effects of parasitoids are moderated by strong competition between parasitoids for hosts. Allowing for these effects in a model of insect outbreaks leads to realistic outbreak cycles, while a host-parasitoid model without resource competition produces an unrealistic stable equilibrium. The effects of resource competition are modulated by tree age, which in turn depends on fire regimes. Our model therefore suggests that increases in fire frequency due to climate change may interact in complex ways with budworm outbreaks. Our work shows that resource competition can be as important as natural enemies in modulating insect outbreaks, while demonstrating the usefulness of high-performance computing in experimental field ecology.


In this work, diamond synthesized under high‐pressure high‐temperature (HPHT) conditions in the phosphorus‐carbon system with addition of aluminum has been studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). It is established that microcrystals with different defect concentrations are formed. Nitrogen‐phosphorus defects NP3 are observed in some microcrystals, although pure phosphorus paramagnetic centers NP8 and NP9 are detected in other microcrystals. The NP8 center has an electron spin S = 1/2, gxx = gyy = 2.0016, gzz = 2.0048, and hyperfine structure (HFS) of one phosphorus atom Axx = Ayy = 3.2 mT, Azz = 5.6 mT. The NP9 center has an electron spin S = 1/2, gxx = gyy = 2.0038, gzz = 2.0030, and HFS of two inequivalent phosphorus atoms A(P1)xx = A(P1)yy = 8.8 mT, A(P1)zz = 13.6 mT, A(P2)xx = A(P2)yy = 2.2 mT, A(P2)zz = 1.4 mT. The structures of the NP8 and NP9 centers are discussed. Concentration of phosphorus impurity in some microcrystals is high enough to detect conductivity electrons. Subsequent annealing of the samples at 2273 K leads to the disappearance of the NP3, NP8, and NP9 spectra; the NP4 spectrum is observed.


The goal of explaining user acceptance and continued use of information systems (IS) has taken center stage in IS research (Venkatesh et al., 2003). In recent publications, researchers have argued that websites should be designed with the goal of building relationships. Although such research has focused on relationship-building, the theories that have been utilized to explain this process have been static in nature, and many have been based on traditional models like TAM and TPB, which focus on the utilitarian benefits users receive from their interactions with technological artifacts. This research develops a new model for studying e-commerce relationships, proposing that technological artifacts are perceived as social actors, which can manifest social characteristics that interact with those of its users in a manner predicted by theories of interpersonal interaction. The model is then tested in an empirical study. Using an automated shopping assistant, the study investigates the effects of perceived measures and computed scores of both similarity and consistency on a number of dependent variables. Similarity and consistency have been both shown to be instrumental in predicting attraction and satisfaction in all forms of relationships. Furthermore, the study investigates the role of design characteristics, such as communication channel modality, the use of suggestive guidance and directives, and two different decision strategies, in forming social perceptions about the shopping assistant as well as shaping perceptions of consistency. Both similarity and consistency have positive effects on users' evaluations of automated shopping assistants. While the effects of consistency are stronger overall, two types of similarity (personality similarity and behavioral similarity) as well as two types of consistency (consistency across time and consistency across components) are shown to exert unique influences on evaluations of the shopping assistant, such as its trustworthiness, social presence, perceived enjoyment and perceived ease of use. Furthermore, the computed similarity measures were successful in predicting perceived similarity. Design choices, such as the use of decisional guidance, directives, and the elimination by aspect decision strategy, were effective in forming social perceptions of technological artifacts, which were found to be later used as bases for evaluating the artifact's similarity and consistency.


# Scottish council elects new chairman {#article-title-2}

The BMA's Scottish council has elected Mr Arthur Morris as its new chairman. Mr Morris, who is a consultant plastic surgeon in Dundee Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, told the council last week that he foresaw a critical time for the NHS. There was certainly a clearer line of command in the NHS but who, he asked, was pulling the policy strings. "Is it the secretary of state? Is it the NHS chief executive? Is it the civil servants, the purchasers, or the fundholders? It is certainly not the patients."

Working for Patients, Mr Morris said, was supposed to devolve decision making to the periphery. Yet central directives, such as waiting time targets were distorting local strategy planning and cut across clinical priorities in patient care. He referred to conflicts that had been created. For example, the reforms to improve junior doctors' hours had coincided with career restructuring in specialist training and both had increased consultants' workload at a time of increasing patient demands. The new Scottish chairman applauded the move for more treatment to be provided in primary care where appropriate but not bed closures in advance of adequate facilities being provided in the community. Both examples illustrated the strain that health care resources could suffer if changes were not introduced in a planned and coordinated manner.

# Little support for new Scottish manpower body {#article-title-3}

Representatives of Scottish doctors will take the opportunity at their forthcoming meetings with the Scottish secretary, Mr Michael Forsyth, and the health minister, Lord James Douglas-Hamilton, to express their concerns at the proposal to set up an advisory group for planning …


Exercise requires the integrated activity of neuromuscular systems controlling skeletal, cardiac, and vascular smooth muscle. However, exercise can be defined at the most basic cellular level. Therefore, in order to effectively study the specific cellular events involved in the activity of each system, it is necessary to first isolate and control the major neurogenic, myogenic, and humoral components of neuromuscular activity. For example, these components of activity are differentially involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle acetylcholine receptors. The increased concentration of intracellular free calcium during contraction (an event classified as a myogenic component of activity), rather than trophic factors from the motoneuron (neurogenic component) and hormonal factors (humoral component), is a major regulator of acetylcholine receptor expression. The degree of experimental control increases as one progresses from the experimental approaches involving the exercising human to the single cell studied in vitro. It has been possible only by cell culture techniques to identify specific intracellular messengers, e.g., calcium, that mediate the effect of neuromuscular activity on acetylcholine receptor expression. The wide variety of in vitro techniques now available permit the selection of appropriate models. Therefore, the use of various in vitro methods by exercise physiologists seems justified. In vitro methods provide a valuable dimension to the study and understanding of neuromuscular activity in the intact organism.


Selling of branded second hand clothes and apparels has become one of the lucrative micro-businesses in the Philippines today because many Filipinos love to enjoy these so called "ukay-ukay" (a Visayan term for dig-up) products. Recycling these used products from other countries might have inherent risks yet many consumers continue to patronize them. Thus, this investigation was made primarily to identify the factors that give rise to the patronage of "ukayukay" commodities in Davao City, Philippines. With the aid of researchers-made questionnaire, surveys were administered to 388 purposively chosen respondents whose bulk is composed of 16 to 20 year old (55%) and students (58%). Results of the study revealed that affordability is the major factor why the respondents bought from "ukay-ukay" shops and this could be attributed to their low level of monthly family income – estimating below Ten Thousand Pesos and not yet earning their own money because they are still studying. The other factors included conventional reasons such as durability, wide array of choices and availability of branded products at a low cost. More so, clothes are best buys for occasional shopping. Group references, like relatives, friends and co-workers, influenced the respondents in buying "ukay-ukay" products.


—The degree of lumen narrowing in advanced lesions correlates poorly with the amount of intimal mass accumulated in the atherosclerotic plaque. As an alternate mechanism of stenosis, we propose that human smooth muscle cells bind to fibrin deposited in the matrix and exert contractile forces to cause a narrowing of the lumen. In the present study we demonstrated in vitro that human newborn aortic smooth muscle cell lines can contract and adhere to fibrin clots composed of either fibronectin-depleted plasma ("plasma") or recombinant fibrin. By using neutralizing antibodies and RGD peptides, we showed that members of the integrin family mediated the interaction between human newborn smooth muscle cells and fibrin. Neutralizing antibodies against the integrin (cid:97) v (cid:98) 3 (c7E3 Fab and LM609) did not inhibit either plasma clot contraction or recombinant fibrin clot contraction by human newborn smooth muscle cells. In contrast, antibodies against (cid:97) 5, (cid:98) 1, and (cid:97) 5 (cid:98) 1 inhibited contraction of clots composed of either plasma or recombinant fibrin. Anti- (cid:97) v (cid:98) 3, anti- (cid:97) v, anti- (cid:97) 5, anti- (cid:98) 1, and anti- (cid:97) 5 (cid:98) 1 antibodies inhibited human newborn smooth muscle cell adhesion to plasma clots; however, only anti- (cid:97) 5, anti- (cid:98) 1, and anti- (cid:97) 5 (cid:98) 1 antibodies significantly inhibited adhesion to recombinant fibrin. While the linear RGD peptides had no effect, the cyclic peptide penRGD inhibited adhesion to plasma clots and recombinant fibrin. However, it did not block contraction of recombinant fibrin clots. These results suggest that during the interaction of human newborn smooth muscle cell lines with fibrin, (cid:97) 5 (cid:98) 1 plays a significant role. This interaction is of potential interest as a target for efforts to block vascular contraction. ( Circ Res . 1998;83:241-251.)


This paper is a multidisciplinary project proposal, submitted in the hopes that it may garner enough interest to launch it with members of the AI research community along with linguists and philosophers of mind and language interested in constructing a semantics for a natural logic for AI. The paper outlines some of the major hurdles in the way of "semantics-driven" natural language processing based on standard predicate logic and sketches out the steps to be taken toward a "natural logic", a semantic system explicitly defined on a well-regimented (but indefinitely expandable) fragment of a natural language that can, therefore, be "intelligently" processed by computers, using the semantic representations of the phrases of the fragment.


The paper examines the outcomes of the World Trade Organization (WTO) 10th Ministerial Conference (MC10) in Nairobi, what is termed the Nairobi package (WTO, 2015). Specifically, we investigate the implications of the package for the cotton sector development in the economy of the EAC as well as in the economies of member countries, with special focus on Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania. The paper employs a desk review and a quantitative approach to simulate the effects of removal of subsidies on cotton production, prices and export earnings in the EAC. The results indicate that the removal of subsidies would reduce cotton production among the top producing countries, reducing their export earnings while increasing both production and export earnings in the EAC. We conclude that EAC countries need to monitor the implementation of the decision on the elimination of export subsidies and increase cotton production to take advantage of these opportunities.


In a hypothetical light water reactor (LWR) core-melt accident with corium release from the reactor vessel, the ultimate containment integrity is contingent on coolability of the decay-heated core debris. Pouring of melt into a pool of water located in the reactor cavity is considered in several designs of existing and new LWRs as a part of severe accident (SA) management strategies. At certain conditions of melt release into the pool (e.g. large ratio of the vessel breach size to the pool depth), liquid melt can spread under water and reach a coolable configuration. Coolability of the melt depends on decay heat generated per unit area of the spread melt which is directly proportional to the terminal spread thickness of the melt layer. Thus a success of the debris bed coolability depends on the efficacy of the molten core materials spreading which is limited by rapid solidification of the melt due to melt-coolant heat transfer. Among the factors which can reduce spreading effectiveness are heat and mass losses of the liquid melt due to fragmentation, cooling and solidification in the process of melt jet pouring into the pool. Previous extensive experimental and analytical works on liquid melt spreading and solidification were focused mostly on analysis of melt spreading in case of melt release through an inclined channel. Melt spreading under water as a result of a jet pouring into a pool, has not been addressed systematically. This paper summarizes first experimental results obtained in the frame of Pouring and Underwater Liquid Melt Spreading (PULiMS) research program. The work is an extension of previously reported by Kudinov et al. [1-4] studies on debris bed formation and agglomeration (DEFOR-A) phenomena. In contrast to DEFOR-A experiments, PULiMS exploratory tests (PULiMS-E) discussed in this work have been performed with a shallow (20 cm) water pool. Up to 78 kg of high melting temperature core melt simulant materials (eutectic mixtures of the binary oxides such as Bi 2 O 3 -WO 3 and ZrO 2 -WO 3 ) is used in each test. Initial melt superheat varied from 70 up to 300oC. In the paper we discuss: (i) experimental observations of the jet pouring into a shallow pool and underwater liquid melt spreading on a flat surface; (ii) characterization of solidified melt debris; (iii) key physical processes as well as melt material properties and experimental conditions most influencing the melt spreading and solidification phenomena. Produced experimental data can be used for validation of the models for prediction of the underwater liquid melt spreading in case of melt jet pouring in a shallow water pool.


In this experimental study, effects of addition of rice husk on coal gasification in a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier, operating at atmospheric pressure with air as gasifying agent, are reported. Rice husks comprising of 6.5% and 13% by mass are added to coal. Results show that, when rice husk is added the methane yield increases from volumetric percentage of 0.56% (with no rice husk) to 2.77% (with 13% rice husk). CO and H2 remain almost unchanged and CO2 decreases with addition of rice husk. The calorific value of the synthetic gas is around 2.73 MJ/Nm3. All performance indices, such as cold gas efficiency and carbon conversion, increase with addition of rice husk. Keywords—Bubbling fluidized bed reactor, coal gasification, calorific value, rice husk.


The Framing Student Success: Connecting Rigorous Visual Arts, Math and Literacy Learning experimental demonstration project was designed to develop and test an instructional program integrating high-quality, standards-based instruction in the visual arts, math, and literacy. Developed and implemented by arts-in-education organization Studio in a School (STUDIO), in partnership with the New York City Department of Education, the Framing Student Success curriculum was designed by experienced professional artist instructors collaborating with school-based visual arts, math, and literacy specialists and classroom teachers. The Framing Student Success curriculum units were designed to make explicit connections between subjects (visual arts and ELA or math), while maintaining the integrity, depth and rigor of instruction in both subject areas. While students were receiving arts-integrated instruction during each of the twelve six-week units, classroom teachers and arts specialists were receiving embedded professional development. Regular cross-site professional development was also provided for teachers, specialists, and school administrators. As a randomized control trial study, the three-year Framing Student Success study provides robust evidence of the potential impacts of an interdisciplinary, arts-integrated curriculum for students growing up in poverty. The mixed-method study assessed the effects of staff professional development and standards-based arts-integrated instruction in three urban, high-poverty elementary schools. Results indicate that rigorous interdisciplinary instruction that links visual arts, literacy, and math skills, and supports cognitive skill development, can increase students' literacy and math learning while nurturing their art making skills and enhancing their ability to meaningfully reflect on their own work and that of their peers. Qualitative findings suggest that interdisciplinary educator collaborations were critical to project success, and highlight the project's successful engagement of lower-performing students and students with disabilities. Survey and focus group results suggest that training can build the capacities of teachers, arts specialists, and administrators to implement an interdisciplinary curriculum, providing educators with additional tools to teach engaging, Common Core aligned lessons addressing academic and cognitive competencies.


Mother Goose's topsy-turvy nursery world has intrigued and delighted many generations of children, parents, and grandparents. For this playful, evocative, and nostalgic volume of nursery rhymes, artist Clare Beaton has drawn on her extensive range of antique fabrics, threads, and bric-a-brac, stitching into every scene a feather from Mother Goose's plumage. Youngsters will delight in repeating the rhymes and finding Mother Goose's feathers as they travel through all kinds of landscapes, from the marketplace to the moon, meeting many old favourites such as Humpty Dumpty, Little Miss Muffet, Jack Sprat, and lazy Elsie Marley on their way. Clare Beaton's exquisitely hand-sewn illustrations evoke a dreamlike air of bygone childhood days, ensuring that 'Mother Goose Remembers' will stir many memories among older readers and provide today's toddlers with a truly covetable treasury. AGES: 0 - 5 Colour illustrations


The paper presents a second-order friction model for the joints of industrial robot manipulators that takes into account temperature effects. A solution based on a polynomial description of the friction is proposed. The theoretical analysis and the experimental measurements have shown that friction decreases with increasing temperature, which in turn depends on the working cycle of the manipulator. The mathematical model here proposed allows to foresee the friction variation during extensive working cycles and it does not require the use of a transducer for the measurement of the joint internal temperature; therefore it is well suitable for low-cost industrial applications, to improve the control performance or to predict the energy consumption. Experimental tests performed on a commercial six degrees-of-freedom (6 DOF) manipulator show that the model is effective in estimating the joint temperature and the friction torque during the robot operations.


The aim of treating hyperbilirubinemia is preventing the serum bilirubin to reach neurotoxic levels, which is done by phototherapy or blood transfusion. However, pharmacological treatments still remain vague. Therefore the effects of adding either clofibrate or phenobarbital on treatment outcomes was evaluated in icteric non-hemolitic newborns. Ninety neonates were divided in three groups. Two groups were prescribed 100 mg/kg clofibrate or 5 mg/kg phenobarbital orally as single dose on arrival, in addition to phototherapy. The control group only received phototherapy. Serum bilirubin was evaluated at the reception and 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after beginning of drug therapy. Total bilirubin levels decreased in treated groups compared with the control group in all samples taken (12, 24, 48 and 72 hours). Clofibrate effect in decreasing bilirubin level was more prominent (14 % and 32 % after 12 and 72 h respectively). In addition duration of hospitalization and length of phototherapy decreased in clofibrate and phenobarbital groups compared with control group (1.5, 2 days respectively, vs. 2.6 days). Therefore using clofibrate and phenobarbital in icteric neonates are supportive not only by decreasing the serum bilirubin level, but also by lessening the duration of hospitalization and phototherapy. Thus in addition to cost benefits for the patient these drugs can reduce the risks of transfusion, and clofibrate seems more promising in this regard.


Blood samples were taken from 50 fighting bulls used in several Spanish bullfights as soon as possible after the animals were killed. The blood was centrifuged and the plasma assayed for CK, GOT, LDH, GPT, gamma-GT and for alkaline phosphatase activity. The animals were grouped into three lots (A, B and C) according to the strength they showed during the bullfight. The results showed an inverse relationship between CK, GOT and LDH activities and bull strength during the bullfight, and significant differences were observed in CK activity among the three groups. It was concluded that the high CK, GOT and LDH levels observed in groups B and C might be due to the fact either that the animals were subjected to more exercise and/or trauma during the days and hours preceding the bullfight or that some type of subclinical muscle pathology was present.


Ophthalmologic considerations continue to be important in the use of antimalarials. In the United States, hydroxychloroquine is prescribed much more frequently than chloroquine. Despite the favorable safety record, potential retinal problems cause patients to often be afraid to take antimalarial medicine. Ophthalmologic visits are recommended every three months by the drug manufacturer, but most often are scheduled every six months by physicians. Ophthalmologic examination includes questioning about visual symptoms, visual acuity tests, careful fundoscopic evaluation and a visual field assessment. Amsler grid self evaluation is not yet wide-spread.


Schema translation is the task of automatically translating headers of tabular data from one language to another. High-quality schema translation plays an important role in cross-lingual table searching, understanding and analysis. Despite its importance, schema translation is not well studied in the community, and state-of-the-art neural machine translation models cannot work well on this task because of two intrinsic differences between plain text and tabular data: morphological difference and context difference. To facilitate the research study, we construct the first parallel dataset for schema translation, which consists of 3,158 tables with 11,979 headers written in 6 different languages, including English, Chinese, French, German, Spanish, and Japanese. Also, we propose the first schema translation model called CAST, which is a header-to-header neural machine translation model augmented with schema context. Specifically, we model a target header and its context as a directed graph to represent their entity types and relations. Then CAST encodes the graph with a relational-aware transformer and uses another transformer to decode the header in the target language. Experiments on our dataset demonstrate that CAST significantly outperforms state-of-the-art neural machine translation models. Our dataset will be released at https://github.com/microsoft/ContextualSP.


Genetic diversity and biological variation were compared for California isolates of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). These fell into five pathotypes based on their reactions on three cucurbits including a susceptible squash, a melon with conventional resistance and a commercial CMV-resistant transgenic squash. Thirty-three isolates infected and caused symptoms on CMV-resistant transgenic squash. Forty-two isolates infected the CMV-resistant melon, but only 25 isolates infected both. Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis was used to differentiate 81 California isolates into 14 groups, and the coat protein (CP) genes of 27 isolates with distinct and indistinguishable SSCP patterns were sequenced. Fourteen isolates corresponding to the different SSCP patterns were also used for phylogenetic analysis. Seventy-nine isolates belonged to CMV subgroup IA, but two belonged to CMV subgroup IB. This is the first report of subgroup IB isolates in the Americas. All CMV isolates had a nucleotide identity greater than or equal to 93.24 %. There was no correlation between CP gene variation and geographical origin, collection year, original host plant, or between the degree of CP amino acid sequence identity and the capacity to overcome transgenic and/or conventional resistance. SSCP and sequence analyses were used to compare 33 CMV isolates on CMV-resistant transgenic squash and susceptible pumpkin plants. One isolate showed sequence differences between these two hosts, but this was not due to recombination or selection pressure of transgenic resistance. CMV isolates capable of infecting cucurbits with conventional and transgenic CMV resistance were present in California, even before CMV transgenic material was available.


This study focused on Character and Fun lecturing at STAI-PTIQ Banda Aceh.The method used is qualitative descriptive approach. The subjects were 12 lecturers and three elements of leadership that are chosen by purposive sampling. The data collection techniques used is a triangulation technique. While the data were analyzed inductively so that the research results further emphasize the significance of the generalization. The results of the study revealed that; (1) Teaching skills of lecturers at STAI-PTIQ Banda Aceh supported character and fun lecture; (2) Most professors used cooperative lecturing model for the implementation of characters and fun lecture; (3) Some lecturers used avariety of media; and (4) conducive lecture situation was obtained by conducting a positive atmosphere lectures, both physical and nonphysical and democratic approach.


Basal-like carcinoma is a subtype of breast cancer that is characterized by poor prognosis and high intratumor heterogeneity. In basal-like breast epithelia, we have identified two anticorrelated gene-expression programs that arise among single extracellular matrix (ECM)-attached cells during organotypic 3D culture. The first program contains multiple TGFβ-related genes including TGFBR3, and its heterogeneous induction is critical to suppress ductal branching. The second program contains JUND together with the basal-like marker, KRT5. Homogenizing JUND expression in single cells leads to 3D acini with bridged lumina that are similar to cribiform ductal carcinoma in situ. TGFBR3 and JUND together comprise a circuit that is interconnected via four negative-feedback loops. Computational modeling of the circuit predicts damped, antiphase oscillations upon stimulation with endogenous impulses of TGFβ-like ligand, and we directly observe these spontaneous responses in 3D culture by live-cell imaging. The TGFBR3-JUND circuit is remarkably conserved in early basal-like tumors that heterogeneously express KRT5, suggesting that asynchronous circuit dynamics are active in this patient subset. We further show that the circuit is strongly dependent on ECM engagement, as detachment leads to a rewiring that is triggered by RPS6 dephosphorylation and maintained by juxtacrine signaling from tenascin C. Breast tumor heterogeneity need not stem from partial basal-like differentiation and could instead reflect dynamic toggling of individual cells between expression states. Citation Format: Chun-Chao Wang, Leen Jamal, Sameer S. Bajikar, Kristen A. Atkins, Kevin A. Janes. Single-cell gene-expression programs and basal-like breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5225. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5225


Stable translucent aqueous suspensions of azide-functionalized cross-linked nanoparticles (NPs), with diameters in the 15–20 nm range, were prepared using two synthetic approaches. Copolymerization of azidomethylstyrene (VBN3), styrene, and divinylbenzene in various oil-in-water microemulsions led to NPs with modulable azide contents (0.53–0.78 mmol/g) and surface over volume distributions. Surface modifications of reactive NPs bearing chlorobenzyl groups, produced by microemulsion copolymerization of vinylbenzylchloride, with sodium azide led to azido-coated NPs with high densities of peripheral groups (0.13–0.45 mmol/g). It is shown that the nature of the surfactant used for the preparation of the microemulsion has an impact on the incorporation of VBN3 in the polymer particles as well as on the surface reaction yield. The azide-functionalized NPs were used as clickable polymeric scaffolds for the grafting of sparingly water-soluble dansyl and fluorescein derivatives through copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition in water in the presence of surfactants as solubilizing agents to produce fluorescent NPs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012


We have two telescopes on the Skynet system at our Dark Sky Observatory (DSO), with hopes to put on two more existing telescopes.  The experience–basically good–of putting telescopes on Skynet for use by faculty, students, and researchers worldwide is described, as well as some of the difficulties of installation and maintenance, and beneficial experiences running them. Our first telescope, a 14-inch Celestron OTA on a Paramount ME German equatorial mount, was a relatively easy installation given its close match to the original Skynet PROMPT telescopes' configuration.  The second installation, a 17-inch PlaneWave OTA on a Mathis fork mount, has proven more challenging. We would like to put our 32-inch at DSO, as well as the campus 16-inch, on Skynet but the integral open-loop dome control in the DFM Engineering Telescope Control System presents some problems that are discussed.


ABSTRACT Background: Delirium may be more prevalent in elderly outpatients than has long been assumed. However, it may be easily missed due to overlap with dementia. Our aim was to study delirium symptoms and underlying somatic disorders in psycho-geriatric outpatients. Methods: We performed a case-control study among outpatients that were referred to a psychiatric institution between January 1st and July 1st 2010 for cognitive evaluation. We compared 44 cases with DSM-IV delirium (24 with and 20 without dementia) to 44 controls with dementia only. All participants were aged 70 years or older. We extracted from the medical files (1) referral characteristics including demographics, medical history, medication use, and referral reasons, (2) delirium symptoms, scored with the Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98, and (3) underlying disorders categorized as: drugs/intoxication, infection, metabolic/endocrine disturbances, cardiovascular disorders, central nervous system disorders, and other health problems. Results: At referral, delirium patients had significantly higher numbers of chronic diseases and medications, and more often a history of delirium and a recent hospital admission than controls. Most study participants, including those with delirium, were referred for evaluation of (suspected) dementia. The symptoms that occurred more frequently in cases were: sleep disturbances, perceptual abnormalities, delusions, affect lability, agitation, attention deficits, acute onset, and fluctuations. Drug related (68%), infectious (61%), and metabolic-endocrine (50%) disturbances were often involved. Conclusions: Detection of delirium and distinction from dementia in older outpatients was feasible but required detailed caregiver information about the presence, onset, and course of symptoms. Most underlying disorders could be managed at home.


The granting of clinical staff privileges to physicians is a primary mechanism used by institutions to uphold the quality of patient care. The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations requires that the granting of continuing medical staff privileges be based on assessments of applicants in accordance with professional criteria specified in the medical staff bylaws. Physicians and other healthcare providers are thus charged with identifying the criteria that constitute professional competence and with evaluating their peers accordingly. The process of evaluating clinical knowledge and competence is often constrained by the evaluator's knowledge and ability to elicit the appropriate information, a problem that is compounded by the growing number of highly specialized procedures for which privileges are requested.

The American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA)/American College of Physicians–American Society of Internal Medicine (ACP-ASIM) Task Force on Clinical Competence was formed in 1998 to develop recommendations to attain and maintain the cognitive and technical skills necessary for the competency performance of a specific cardiovascular service, procedure, or technology. These documents are evidence based, and where evidence is not available, expert opinion is used to formulate recommendations. Indications and contraindications for specific services or procedures are not included in the scope of these guidelines. Recommendations are intended to assist those who must judge the competence of cardiovascular healthcare providers who are entering practice for the first time and those who are in practice and undergo periodic review of their practice expertise. Because the assessment of competence is complex and multidimensional, the isolated recommendations given here may not be sufficient or appropriate for the judgment of overall competence. Board specialty certification is not a required part of these guidelines but rather is another measure of expertise.

The ACC/AHA/ACP-ASIM Task Force on Clinical Competence makes every effort to avoid any actual or …


Mounting evidence suggests involvement of prenatal factors in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The objective of the present study was to provide evidence for the hypothesis on schizophrenia that abnormal fetal brain development leads to impaired sensorimotor gating of acoustic startle stimuli. To this purpose, pregnant rats were treated with methylazoxymethanol acetate on one of four subsequent days of gestation, from E9 to E12. These procedures inhibit early stages of cortical proliferation in the foetuses, resulting in early abnormalities that were mainly found in the entorhinal region. At the adult age, habituation and prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle responses to acoustic stimuli were investigated. Our results show impaired habituation and PPI in rats treated at embryonic days 10 and 11. It is concluded that sensorimotor gating deficits can result from a developmental abnormality involving the entorhinal region, supporting the hypothesis that similar deficits, often observed in schizophrenic subjects may be the result of entorhinal cortex dysfunction.


The effect of foreign ownership on trade policy outcomes has long been a topic of interest, but only recently have the consequences of multiple levels of production been considered. We examine processing incentives in a simplified general equilibrium framework with foreign ownership of a primary factor. Second-best considerations mean non-intervention is sub-optimal, but multiple levels of production can lead to an investment terms-of-trade effect of indeterminate sign, depending critically on the production structure. We illustrate how this may change standard conclusions regarding the effect of trade restrictions where there is foreign ownership, and optimal intervention to achieve specific policy objectives.


BACKGROUND
The role of chronic medical conditions in elderly persons' loss of functional abilities is intuitively important but not well defined. This analysis was designed to identify chronic medical conditions that lead to the development of severe functional limitation.

METHODS
Functionally intact members of a multistage probability sample (n = 6,862) of all noninstitutionalized U.S. civilians age 70 years or older were interviewed in 1984. Based on data from the National Death Index and from follow-up telephone interviews in 1988 with survivors, subjects were classified as functionally intact, functionally limited (unable to perform one or more of seven essential activities), or decreased.

RESULTS
After adjusting for the effects of exercise habits and demographic, socioeconomic, and psychosocial factors, we found that the best predictors of the development of functional limitation were cerebrovascular disease (OR = 2.14; 95% CL = 1.16, 3.98) and arthritis (OR = 1.51; 95% CL = 1.08, 2.11). The contribution of coronary artery disease also approached statistical significance (OR = 1.49; 95% CL = 0.99, 2.27).

CONCLUSION
In the future, the primary prevention or effective treatment of cerebrovascular disease, arthritis, and possibly coronary artery disease may produce a modest reduction in the incidence of severe functional limitation.


Here we challenge the traditional separation of science and art and demonstrate significant ways in which the social sciences can be enriched through performative inquiry. We begin with a brief commentary on philosophic work that detaches representation from observation. In effect, there is no privileged (in principal, accurate, neutral, or objective) representation of a given observation. We then explore the potentials of expanding the repertoire of representation to include forms more traditionally located within the arts. Included are instances of experimental writing, performative monologue, autoethnography as poetry; dramatic performance and visual art as theory. By expanding the repertoire of inquiry in this way, not only are the social sciences enriched but also their capacity to communicate with the surrounding culture.


Widely recognized as one of the most important theorists of warfare, important strands of Carl von Clausewitz's thinking on the subject are not widely known. In the English-speaking world, few are familiar with anything other than his major, though unfinished and posthumously published, opus On War, which is available in numerous translations. Although the corpus of Clausewitz's writings on the topic of warfare is far greater, most of these texts have never been translated.

In Clausewitz on Small War, Christopher Daase and James W. Davis begin to redress this unfortunate state of affairs. In this volume they have assembled and translated Clausewitz's most important texts devoted to the analysis of asymmetric, unconventional, guerrilla, and small unit warfare, including Clausewitz's Lectures on Small War, held at the Prussian War Academy in 1810 and 1811. Augmenting our understanding of Clausewitz with his early writings on Small War leads to the conclusion that asymmetric warfare is not an historical development that can be termed pre- or post-Clausewitzian as many contemporary scholars of war and military strategy argue. Rather, Clausewitz himself emerges as an early theorist of insurgency and asymmetric warfare with insights that are relevant today. The book is a must read for soldiers, military strategists, historians of war, and students of international security.


The great outdoors is the laboratory for most studies in ecology. This article reports on the use of cameras, competition and creativity as novel ways to assess learning during a one-day field trip for a large (~600 students) introductory biology/ecology course. Among the assessment activities, students find and photograph examples of various types of ecological interactions, create a dichotomous plant key in the lab and apply it in the field, and evaluate the potential impact of various environmental change scenarios on ecosystems. The activities and accompanying assessment foster higher order thinking (such as application, evaluation and synthesis) and better retention of knowledge because students create their own context for concepts and content, which have traditionally been learned by rote approaches. This article provides practical advice on how to implement this type of assessment.


Strong analogies between relational structures involving some composition operators and a certain class of neural networks are described. The problem of learning the connections of the structure is addressed, and relevant learning procedures are proposed. An optimized performance index which has a strong logical flavor is proposed. Some significant implementation details are studied. Numerical examples illustrate various schemes of learning in relational structures of different levels of complexity. >


Abstract In this study, symbiotic organisms search (SOS) algorithm is proposed to solve the dynamic economic dispatch with valve-point effects problem, which is one of the most important problems of the modern power system. Some practical constraints like valve-point effects, ramp rate limits and prohibited operating zones have been considered as solutions. Proposed algorithm was tested on five different test cases in 5 units, 10 units and 13 units systems. The obtained results have been compared with other well-known metaheuristic methods reported before. Results show that proposed algorithm has a good convergence and produces better results than other methods.