When analyzing the lateral vibration of an offshore structure supported by seabed layer, the effect of this layer must be taken into consideration. In this study, first, the natural frequency of lateral vibration of the offshore structure constructed with four legs and a platform was analyzed theoretically by replacing it with the one-leg structure, the upper end of which was loaded by an axial load corresponding to the equivalent mass of a platform per leg and was constrained to move in the horizontal direction only. Furthermore, the validity of this theory was examined by the model experiment. The main results obtained are as follows:(1) The theoretical natural frequency calculated by the method replacing the 4-leg structure with one-leg structure coincides with the experimental one within the difference of 7 %, and so this method is valid even in case that the effect of seabed layer is taken into consideration.(2) In order to calculate the natural frequencies of practical offshore structures with good accuracy, the leg's axial force due to the weight of the platform must be considered, and the leg's own weight may be neglected in case of a shorter-leg structure (L ≦ 75 m in this study) but must be taken into account in case of a longer-leg one.


This paper proposes a chaos-based image encryption scheme where one 2D tent map with two control parameters is utilized to generate chaotic orbits applied to scramble the pixel positions while one coupled map lattice is employed to yield random gray value sequences to change the gray values so as to enhance the security. Experimental results are carried out with detailed analysis to demonstrate that the proposed image encryption scheme possesses large key space to resist brute-force attack and possesses good statistical properties to frustrate statistical analysis attacks. Experiments are also performed to illustrate the robustness against malicious attacks like cropping, noising, JPEG compression.


Abstract The skin barrier, which is essential for human survival on dry land, is located in the uppermost skin layer, the stratum corneum. The stratum corneum consists of corneocytes surrounded by multilamellar lipid membranes that prevent excessive water loss from the body and entrance of undesired substances from the environment. To ensure this protective function, the composition and organization of the lipid membranes is highly specialized. The major skin barrier lipids are ceramides, fatty acids and cholesterol in an approximately equimolar ratio. With hundreds of molecular species of ceramide, skin barrier lipids are a highly complex mixture that complicate the investigation of its behaviour. In this minireview, the structures of the major skin barrier lipids, formation of the stratum corneum lipid membranes and their molecular organization are described.


Purpose: Case study of an organisation depicts an issue pertaining to a problem and the strategies adopted by the company. Analysis of an organisation will enable to interpret the process of the company which help us to identify, understand and bring out strategies which could help to solve the problem. The aim of the study is to know the various leaders, the leadership styles and the lessons adopted by TATA, s. This attempt also identifies the process of management, effective leadership skills, the decision making process. Leadership skills influence the development of organisational theory.
Research approach: The present paper, discusses the various analysis as a research methodology which will aid the future researcher in developing and analysing the organisation as a case study. The study analyses the TATA group of industry, which considered the various determinants, affecting factors of Leadership. The present paper discusses the various analyses like SWOT analysis, ABCD analysis, value chain analysis and TATA conceptual model for leadership which will enable to identify the critical element of the organisation and the usefulness of effective leadership in management of the process of the organisation, especially during the decision making. The study also recommends this analysis for future casework analysis of any organisation.
Finding/Result: TATA group of companies should focus on utilizing its assets notable by the SWOT analysis, and make use of the opportunities. It can improve the value creating activities within its value chain
Originality/value: A conceptual leadership model is developed by studying the various institutions of TATA group companies. As leadership is essential for growth and prosperity of companies for the better leadership to support CSR activity and for profitability. TATA has to work on the green management strategies which the talk of the day, get along with the IT innovations, globalisation, business expansion, huge investment on research, inventory management etc.


Precise and straightforward methods to edit the plant genome are much needed for functional genomics and crop improvement. Recently, RNA-guided genome editing using bacterial Type II cluster regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated nuclease (Cas) is emerging as an efficient tool for genome editing in microbial and animal systems. Here, we report the genome editing and targeted gene mutation in plants via the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Three guide RNAs (gRNAs) with a 20-22-nt seed region were designed to pair with distinct rice genomic sites which are followed by the protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM). The engineered gRNAs were shown to direct the Cas9 nuclease for precise cleavage at the desired sites and introduce mutation (insertion or deletion) by error-prone non-homologous end joining DNA repairing. By analyzing the RNA-guided genome-editing events, the mutation efficiency at these target sites was estimated to be 3-8%. In addition, the off-target effect of an engineered gRNA-Cas9 was found on an imperfectly paired genomic site, but it had lower genome-editing efficiency than the perfectly matched site. Further analysis suggests that mismatch position between gRNA seed and target DNA is an important determinant of the gRNA-Cas9 targeting specificity, and specific gRNAs could be designed to target more than 90% of rice genes. Our results demonstrate that the CRISPR-Cas system can be exploited as a powerful tool for gene targeting and precise genome editing in plants.


The design and simulation of a bit-sliced processor for relational database aggregation functions, are discussed. The processor, which addresses an important, computationally expensive problem in database computers, takes two tuples as input (one bit at a time) and returns two bits as output every clock cycle. A larger aggregation unit uses a number of identical slice processors, connected according to odd-even network topology, to achieve improved performance on a parallel pipelined processor. The data processing time is completely overlapped with the input and output of data to and from the unit. The design is independent of the tuple size, and since a bit-serial computation is used, the system requires limited interconnection.<<ETX>>


The Sawtooth Range is south of Glacier National Park and forms 85 miles of the Rocky Mountain front in northwestern Montana. The range averages 9 miles in width, consists of a broad northeastward-pointing arc, and extends north across the Saypo quadrangle. The sedimentary rocks exposed in the Sawtooth Range are approximately 5500 feet thick, are Paleozoic and Mesozoic in age, and are divided into nine formations: Pagoda and Steamboat (Middle Cambrian), Switchback (Middle and Upper Cambrian), and Devils Glen (Upper Cambrian), unnamed formation (Upper Devonian), Hannan (Mississippian), Ellis (Upper Jurassic), and Kootenai and Colorado (Lower and Upper Cretaceous). Three structural provinces occur in the central part of the Range: an eastern province, characterized by westward-dipping high-angle to moderately low-angle thrusts that increase in number northward; a central province, characterized by closely spaced, westward-dipping, high-angle thrusts, and by drag-folding of the Devonian and Mississippian rocks comprising the imbricated slices; and a western province, characterized by folded, low-angle overthrusts, above which the rocks are compressed into large open folds. The structures were produced by stresses from the west during the Laramide orogeny. The mountains were maturely eroded during the Tertiary, when the east-west courses of the main streams were established. Uplift in the Pliocene? raised the range to its present altitude but did not cause additional deformation.


Chaos and support vector machine theory has opened up a new route to study complicated and changeable non-linear hydrology time series. Applying the Chaos and non-linear time series based on the support vector machine regression principle, this paper proposes a method and its characteristic and the choosing of key parameters to forecast and set up models. According to Phase Space Reconstruction theory carry on reconstruction of Phase Space to monthly surface flow course, have discussed that probed into the non-linear prediction model of time series of Chaos of the support vector machine, application in the monthly surface flow, have introduce it through to the nuclear function of the base in the course of setting up the model of support vector machine, has simplified the course of solving the non-linear problems. The instance indicates that the model can deal with the complicated hydrology data array well, and there is the good prediction precision.


This study investigated the extent to which adolescent social network positions are associated with the risk of lifetime daily smoking and nicotine dependence (ND), and whether these associations differ by gender. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health ( N = 6,267), this study estimated multinomial logistic regression models. An increase in in-degree nominations, out-degree nominations, and Bonacich centrality was associated with a lower relative risk of never smoking daily versus ever smoking daily. By contrast, adolescents with greater in-degree nominations, out-degree nominations, Bonacich centrality, and network reach in three steps were at decreased risk for lifetime ND. Gender-stratified models indicate that the negative association between network position and never smoking daily was driven largely by women, whereas the positive association between network position and lifetime ND was driven largely by men. Incorporating social network structural approaches into adolescent smoking prevention efforts may be beneficial.


This paper presents the investigation of sustained stress level in GFRP bar used as main reinforcement in typical reinforced concrete bridge deck, which is often subject to severe environmental exposures in North America. AASHTO LFRD approach is used for the design of GFRP RC deck that also meets with the requirements per as specified in ACI 440.1R-06. Research results show that the sustained stress level in GFRP bar varies in the range of approx. 3% -7% for bridge deck with various deck thickness and girder spacing.


What do children know about work, careers, and related topics? What is the pattern of growth in values, attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge? Using quantitative and anecdotal evidence gathered from interviewing over 900 grade-school students in five New Jersey communities, the authors analyze childhood socialization to the concept of work. Existing literature on this topic focuses on the critical years of oc-cupational choice. But Goldstein and Oldham strongly suggest that much of the child's work-related development has already occurred prior to entry into secondary school, and that "career educa-tion" must receive increased em-phasis during the elementary years. Their evidence corroborates the pattern of rapid progress to-ward childhood awareness of im-portant social phenomena such as war, politics, race, gender roles, and economics. By the seventh grade, children have an awareness in these areas that approximates that of adults. Traditional stereo-types concerning appropriate work roles for women continue to exist at the elementary school level. This work is a comprehensive, empirical treatment of childhood socialization to work, fitting neat-ly into the growing body of litera-ture on the socialization of the child into various political, eco-nomic, and social roles. Children and Work is in the sociological tradition, but the findings are pre-sented in the context of a growing body of social science research on early socialization.


In this study, the interaction between a novel ruthenium(II) arene complex with curcumin analogs and calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) was investigated systematically by viscosity measurement, the DNA melting approach, multispectroscopic techniques and electrochemical methods. The absorption spectra of the ctDNA-drug complex showed a slight red shift and a weak hypochromic effect. The relative viscosity and melting temperature of ctDNA increased on addition of the drug. The evidence obtained from fluorescence competitive experiments indicated that the binding mode of the drug with ctDNA was intercalative. Using acridine orange (AO) as a fluorescence probe, the drug statically quenched the fluorescence of the ctDNA-AO complex, and hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions played vital roles in the binding interaction between the drug and ctDNA. The influences of ionic strength, chemical denaturants and pH on the binding interaction were also investigated. Circular dichroism and Fourier transform infrared spectra suggested that this drug might bond with the G-C base pairs of ctDNA and the right-handed B-form helicity of ctDNA remained after drug binding. The intercalative binding between the drug and ctDNA was further investigated using electrochemical techniques. All these results suggested that the biological activity of ctDNA was affected by ruthenium(II) arene complex with curcumin analogs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The effects of strain rate (SR) and heating rate (HR) on the mechanical behaviors of the tensile specimens of magnesium alloy AZ61 were experimentally investigated using a Gleeble-1500 thermal-mechanical material testing system. It showed that the higher the temperature is, the lower the ultimate strength of the specimens will be. The higher the heating rate is, the higher the ultimate strength of the specimens will be. The metallurgraphs of the fracture section of the specimens were also experimentally investigated for exploring their failure mechanism under different temperatures and heating rates. It showed that the high temperatures and high heating rates will induce microvoids in the specimens. The microvoids make the specimens failure under relative low loads.


Although there exists a large literature documenting various consequences of job loss, this paper is the first to explore the extent to which the health effects of job displacement extend to the children of displaced workers and also the first to consider whether there are any harmful effects for children who are not yet born when the separation occurs. I use detailed work and fertility histories from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to estimate the effect of parents' job displacements on children's birth weights. These data allow for an identification strategy that essentially compares the outcomes of children born after a displacement to the outcomes of their siblings born before using mother fixed effects. I find that husbands' job losses have significant negative effects on infant health. They reduce birth weights by approximately four and a half percent with suggestive evidence that the effect is concentrated on the lower half of the birth weight distribution.


The interest in online environments, and consequently the importance of such environments in efficiency and quality, is increasing significantly day by day. The increase in the number of courses and students in online environments has automatically given rise to more usage and reference of such environments. As distance education becomes more and more widespread, this new technology turns out to become an indispensable part of everyday life of students. However researches over the state of readiness of students for this kind of education and the extent of their profit from such technologies are of great significance to get the picture of the quality and efficiency of such environments. Bandura (1986) defined perceived self-efficacy as "...people's judgements of their capabilities to organize and execute courses of action required to attain designated type of performances" (p.391).
This study, designed as a descriptive research, focuses mainly investigate on perception of online technologies self-efficacy of the post graduate students who continue their education distantly (electronically). The answer of the question: "What is the level of Online Technologies Self-efficacy of Online Learners? was sought for in order to reach the purpose of the study. Data used in the study have been collected using the "Online Technologies Self-Efficacy Scale" (OTSES) developed by Miltiadou and Yu (2000) and "Demographic Questionnaire". All the students taking part in three different post-graduate (master) programmes in distance learning methods at Eastern Mediterranean University constituted the working group of the study. The outcomes of the study have been analysed using descriptive statistical methods.


Improper riding behavior is one of the leading contributors for road crashes. Not wearing helmet, speeding, riding during fatigue and sleepy, and improper procedure during merging in traffic are among the poor behaviors of motorcyclists. For this study, improper merging behavior is the focus. The objectives of the study are: (i) to evaluate motorcyclists head check behavior during merging in traffic; (ii) to evaluate the differences of motorcyclists head check behavior during merging in traffic with different environments – highway and town (with and without U-turn situations). A naturalistic observation study was done where 1091 motorcyclists were observed at eight locations (scenarios) – four of highway road environment, two of town with U-turn environment, and two of town without Uturn environment. The dependent variable is the percentage of head checks. If a motorcyclist performs head check towards the target zone (the area in which the potential hazard may merge – at the entering road) while in the launch zone (the area where a motorcyclist should turn his or her head to the target zone – on the leaving road), he or she was scored one, else he or she was scored zero. It was found that, in overall, the percentage of motorcyclists who performed the head check (39.9%) is less than those who did not performed the head check (60.1%) – p ≤ 0.001. In term of the type of the road environment, similar results were found for the merging with highway environment (29.4% performed head check) and town without U-turn environment (31.4% performed head check). In contrast, for the merging with town with U-turn environment, the opposite result was found (75.7% performed head check). These differences were significant with p ≤ 0.001. This study provides prevalence information about Malaysian motorcyclists' behavior in general and, more particularly, their behavior on the head check during merging in traffic. The findings shall recommend for an improvement to the current Malaysia riding/driving education system and road users awareness program in which may decrease the road crashes.


Knowledge about soil shrinkage improves the understanding and prediction of unsaturated hydraulic properties in nonrigid soils. Until now, there is no general model available, which is widely accepted and applied to quantify soil shrinkage curves. The objectives in this present paper are (i) to propose a new and simple model and to test it with a wide range of soil types; (ii) to mathematically distinguish the shrinkage zones; and (iii) to evaluate probable physical meaning of its parameters. The results show that the modified van Genuchten water retention curve model fits the data obtained from Reeve and Hall's six soils, Talsma's three soils and three Typic Chromexert' soils well and the correlation coefficients in the tested 12 soils are always higher than 0.995. The different shrinkage zones defined by the mathematical method agree well with actual soil shrinkage curve. The proportional shrinkage zone accounts for 30.9 to 79.9% of the total water loss and 63.5 to 93.9% of the total volume decrease, while the zero shrinkage zone only accounts for <2.7% of the total volume decrease. The a, n, and m parameters of the modified van Genuchten model control soil shrinkage curve.


Bovine intestines and mesenteries in the European Union (EU) have to be removed from the food and feed chain. The opinion provides a quantitative assessment of the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) infectious load that might enter the food and feed chain yearly if bovine intestine and mesentery from animals born and raised in the EU would be re-allowed for consumption. Data on the evolution of the BSE infectious titre; and of the weight of histological structures accumulating BSE infectivity, were collected. The Cattle TSE Monitoring Model (C-TSEMM) was used to estimate the number of BSE infected cattle entering undetected in the food and feed chain yearly. A model named TSEi was developed to estimates the BSE infectious load in tissues from infected animals at different ages and the total yearly infectious load that could enter the food and feed chain in the EU27. In BSE infected cattle, the infectivity associated with intestine and mesentery reaches its maximum in animals younger than 18 months and then progressively declines to a minimum value in animals older than 60 months. Due to the decline of the BSE prevalence in the EU, between 2007 and 2012, the yearly amount of BSE infectivity associated with intestine and mesentery (sent to destruction) from animals entering the food and feed chain was reduced by a factor of 10. However, over this period, the maximum level of exposure to the BSE agent for individuals that would have consumed these tissues remained stable. Finally, the TSEi model indicated that the removal of the last four metres of the small intestine and of the caecum from the food and feed chain would result in a major reduction of the BSE exposure risk associated with intestine and mesentery in cattle. © European Food Safety Authority, 2014


In the treatment of cancer in children, treatment procedures have been reported to be one of the most feared elements, as more painful than the illness as such. This study draws on a video ethnography of routine needle procedure events, as part of fieldwork at a paediatric oncology clinic documenting everyday treatment negotiations between nurses and young children. On the basis of detailed transcriptions of verbal and nonverbal staff-child interaction, the analyses focus on ways in which pain and anxiety can be seen as phenomena that are partly contingent on nurses' emotion work. The school-age children did not display fear. In the preschool group, though, pain and fear seemed to be phenomena that were greatly reduced through nurses' emotion work. This study focuses on three preschoolers facing potentially painful treatment, showing how the nurses engaged in massive emotion work with the children, through online commentaries, interactive formats (delegation of tasks, consent sequences, collaborative 'we'-formats), as well as solidarity-oriented moves (such as praise and endearment terms). Even a young toddler would handle the distress of needle procedures, when interacting with an inventive nurse who mobilized child participation through skilful emotion work.


Researches on Galia type melon breeding was started in 1995 at Cukurova University, Turkey. The aim of this study was to develop new melon cultivars which belong to Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis group having high yield and quality, suitable for both greenhouse and open field cultivation and also resistant to race 0 and 1 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis wilt which are common in Turkey. For this purpose 9 female parental lines were crossed with the donor male parents which are resistant to 0 and 1 races of Fusarium wilt. By this way F1 hybrids were produced, and after the first backcrosses were done, BC1 genotypes were developed. Haploid embryo inductions and haploid plant productions were obtained by pollination with irradiated pollen. These haploid plants were duplicated by colchisine treatment and dihaploid pure lines were produced. General combination ability and special combination ability tests were conducted and more than 200 F1 hybrids were developed. These hybrids were tested in open field and greenhouse conditions for many years and Sari F1 was registered in 2008, Yetisir F1, Solmaz F1, Emin F1 and Yucel F1 were registered in 2009 by Central Certification and Registration Management of Turkish Ministry of Agriculture. These 5 varieties have some differences concerning their total and early yields, fruit size and TSSC.


medicine. The problems prevented are real but are not apparent to the individual woman: she does not know that she is the one who failed, for example, to get an unwanted pregnancy or to get an ovarian cancer (prevented by long term use of the combined pill). Although the feedback tends to be less effusive, however, gratitude is certainly expressed -among other things by good continuation rates and long term attendance. We agree with the author that the culture of our society needs to move with the times and become far more positive about contraception. Using the attitude prevalent in the best antenatal and parentcraft sessions as a model can only help.


A technique for the simultaneous audiovisual recording of behavior and brain waves is described. The absence of muscle movement artifact, despite unlimited activity of the patient, suggests that telemetering may be adaptable for routine electroencephalography.


: It is suggested in this discussion that the secular trend in maturation is best viewed as an aspect of the demographic transition in mortality, which in turn can be ascribed to improvements in medical care, hygiene, sanitation, workload and to possible improvement in nutrition. Both increase in energy input and reduction in the demands of maintenance most likely contribute to more rapid growth and maturation. The infant mortality rate is used as a relatively sensitive index of the morbidity and mortality experience of a population. Variation in this parameter is compared with variation in mean menarcheal age or mean age at the peak of the adolescent growth spurt in girls as an index of maturation rate. The relationships between these parameters both within populations over time and between contemporaneous populations are of interest. A persistent result in mathematical treatments of life history theory over time indicates that an acceleration of reproductive maturation is an adaptive response to reductions in reproductive mortality. This relationship is exhibited by human populations to a notable degree, possibly as much because of the energetic costs of high morbidity environments as to variation in energy supply. It is difficult to locate evidence bearing on such a causal distinction. Notable, however, is the fact that although children and adolescents have become taller and heavier for their age over the course of the secular trend, their weight for height has actually declined. This fact is well illustrated by Swedish data and is consistent with the observations that weight at menarche has remained fairly constant over the course of the secular trend while height at menarche has increased. The demographic transition and the secular trend may be 2 aspects of a single revolution in human biology, a revolution that is reflected in a changing distribution of energy expenditure.


Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by living organisms as a result of normal cellular metabolism and environmental factors, such as air pollutants or cigarette smoke. ROS are highly reactive molecules and can damage cell structures such as carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins and alter their functions. The shift in the balance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of oxidants is termed "oxidative stress." Regulation of reducing and oxidizing (redox) state is critical for cell viability, activation, proliferation, and organ function. Aerobic organisms have integrated antioxidant systems, which include enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants that are usually effective in blocking harmful effects of ROS. However, in pathological conditions, the antioxidant systems can be overwhelmed. Oxidative stress contributes to many pathological conditions and diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemia/perfusion, diabetes, acute respiratory distress syndrome, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma. In this review, we summarize the cellular oxidant and antioxidant systems and discuss the cellular effects and mechanisms of the oxidative stress.


What do we mean when we call someone shy? Does shyness exist beyond the level of the individual mind? How does being shy affect everyday interaction and social relationships? Shyness and Society takes a sociological approach to understanding shyness as a condition that is defined, interpreted and managed in relation to cultural norms and values. Drawing on Symbolic Interactionist theories and using data from her own study of self-defined 'shy' people, Susie Scott explores the experience of being shy in contemporary Western Society. In a culture obsessed with talk, assertiveness and competitive individualism, those who are more reticent are regarded as deviant, and encouraged to 'come out of their shells'. From shy people's perspective, however, everyday social life is a minefield of potential blunders and dramaturgical dilemmas, which they resolve by performing their identities in unique ways.


This article addresses the contribution of decentralized collective bargaining to the development of different forms of flexicurity for different groups of employees on the Danish labour market. Based on five case studies of company-level bargaining on flexible working hours in Danish industry, it is argued that decentralized bargaining has enabled new balances between flexibility and security to develop for many but not all groups of employees. On the one hand, the company-level agreements on flexible working hours facilitate greater efficiency and employee satisfaction that often goes beyond the text of the agreements. On the other hand, less flexible employees often face difficulties in meeting the demands of the agreements and may ultimately be forced to leave the company and rely on unemployment benefits and active labour market policies. In a flexicurity perspective, this development seems to imply a segmentation of the Danish workforce regarding hard and soft versions of flexicurity.


Walking around one's environment is usually associated with a goal. However, little is known regarding the influence of goals on memory for distance and time in 'cognitive maps'. In two experiments we investigated the effect of goals of varying urgency on immediate memory for distance and time in real human mazes and virtual reality (VR) versions of the same mazes. Experiment 1 compared the effect of goals varying in urgency on memory for distance and time in a straightline real space human maze and a VR maze. Experiment 2 examined the effect of goals on a real maze with multiple turns. Results show that goals effect distance estimation for straight line paths in both real space and VR space. However, evidence of the influence of goals is mediated by the number of right-angled turns in real space.


How do people's cultural ideas and practices shape their emotions (and other types of feelings)? In this module, we will discuss findings from studies comparing North American (United States, Canada) and East Asian (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) contexts. These studies reveal both cultural similarities and differences in various aspects of emotional life. Throughout, we will highlight the scientific and practical importance of these findings and conclude with recommendations for future research.


ABSTRACT Intercellular adhesion molecule 2 (ICAM-2) is expressed on endothelial cells (ECs) and supports neutrophil extravasation. However, the full details of its role remain unknown, and the present study investigates the functional mechanisms of ICAM-2 in neutrophil–endothelial-cell interactions. Our initial studies showed expression of ICAM-2 at both EC junctions and on the EC body. In line with the observed expression profile analysis of neutrophil–vessel-wall interactions using real-time in vivo confocal microscopy identified numerous functional roles for ICAM-2 within the vascular lumen and at the stage of neutrophil extravasation. Functional or genetic blockade of ICAM-2 significantly reduced neutrophil crawling velocity, increased frequency of crawling with a disrupted stop-start profile, and prolonged interaction of neutrophils with EC junctions prior to transendothelial cell migration (TEM), collectively resulting in significantly reduced extravasation. Pharmacological blockade of the leukocyte integrin MAC-1 indicated that some ICAM-2-dependent functions might be mediated through ligation of this integrin. These findings highlight novel roles for ICAM-2 in mediating luminal neutrophil crawling and the effect on subsequent levels of extravasation.


The present paper gives the basis for a conceptual model of diagnostics in long-duration, including interplanetary, manned missions, and describes the strategy of medical support of the MIR crews. Classification of the microgravity-induced syndromes (states) and health problems due to e possible technical failures are cited as constituents of the conceptual model of medical support system for interplanetary missions. In the light he above, principles of diagnostics during interplanetary missions are discussed and applicability of some statistical, including multidimensional methods to the diagnostic data analysis is considered.


Multiphysics finite element modeling process is derived to predict vibration and noise due to magnetic forces within a permanent-magnet brushless DC motor over a variable speed range under healthy and eccentric faulty conditions. Transient analysis for magnetic force in two-dimensional electromagnetic model is carried out over a variable speed range. To keep cyclic symmetry mesh and avoid numerical source of noise, the method of effective air gap layer is applied and manipulated with relative permeability derived for static and dynamic eccentric rotating condition depending on rotation angle and eccentric shift. Using discrete Fourier transformation and electromagnetic-structural one-way coupling schemes, magnetic harmonic forces for a range of rotation angular speed are imported and applied on stator's inner surfaces. Vibration characteristics are calculated for a three-dimensional full finite element model of the motor in harmonic response analysis. Finally, surface velocities are imported and applied on acoustic domain using fluid-structure interaction (FSI) one-way coupling. Noise radiated from motor housing including front and end caps is evaluated. The waterfall diagram of equivalent radiation pressure level (ERPL) and sound pressure level (SPL) contour plotting in function of rotation angular speed and frequency is obtained in multiple RPM harmonic structural and acoustic analyses. The vibro-acoustic feature pattern could be utilized in faulty detection.


ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of our study was to compare the effects of serial and concurrent training on the generalization of receptive identification in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Methods: We taught one to three pairs of stimulus sets to nine children with ASD between the ages of three and six. One stimulus set within each pair was taught using concurrent training and the other using serial training. We alternated the training sessions within a multielement design and staggered the introduction of subsequent pairs for each participant as in a multiple baseline design. Results: Overall, six participants generalized at least one stimulus set more rapidly with concurrent training whereas two participants showed generalization more rapidly with serial training. Conclusions: Our results differ from other comparison studies on the topic and indicate that practitioners should consider assessing the effects of both procedures prior to teaching receptive identification to children with ASD.


Intrusion-related vent structures found within Palaeocene sediments and near the Palaeocene–Eocene transition in basins along the NE Atlantic margin have been studied in detail using 3D seismic data. The vents formed at the palaeo-seabed as a result of sill intrusion and the vent fill ranges in composition from entirely remobilized sedimentary to dominantly magmatic. The vents are commonly developed above sill edges and crests in sills to which they are linked by pipe- and diatreme-like structures. The vents also develop above the upper tips of deep-seated faults and at fault intersections. The vents can be used to constrain the approximate timing of igneous sill intrusion and duration of hydrothermal activity. It is estimated that using the seismically constrained stratigraphic context of these vents to establish the timing of sill emplacement is associated with an uncertainty of >100 ka and up to as much as 800 ka. Interpretation of the vents indicates that sill intrusion took place during a number of discrete phases within the Palaeocene and earliest Eocene. These structures and their timing of formation have important implications for climate change studies, basin-scale processes including fluid flow and diagenesis, as well as hydrocarbon exploration.


The research history relating to Cloud ERP literature is investigated for the period of 2010 to 2015, with the aim of introducing an overview of academic research on the subject and to identify gaps in the literature in the stated period. Up to date literature in 37 research papers from various topics and sources has been discussed. Shortlisted publications are analysed and categorized into architecture, implementation, customization, mobility, benefits and disadvantages, and others. It appears that high attention has been paid by researchers to the benefits and disadvantages of Cloud ERP adoption as well as to its architecture and overarching plans for implementation. However, important issues such as integration of Cloud ERP with existing on-site legacy ERP systems and the quality of service given by respective cloud-based providers has been devoted limited attention by the authors reviewed.


To evaluate the usefulness of lidamidine treatment in patients with irritable colon syndrome, a controlled double blind study was carried out. Forty patients with Manning symptom criteria and negative screening to stool examination, rectosigmoidoscopy and barium enema were included. Four groups of treatment were randomly integrated: Lidamidine with and without group psychotherapy and placebo with and without group psychotherapy, for six weeks. After a washout period, treatment was switched. Thirty-eight patients with a total of 76 observations were evaluated. Favorable response was shown by 94.7% and 68.4% of those who received only lidamidine and placebo, respectively, and by 84.3% and 63.2% of those who additionally received psychotherapy. Difference with or without psychotherapy was not significant. Globally, response was better with lidamidine than with placebo (89.5% vs 65.8%, p = 0.02). Adverse reactions were minimum. Lidamidine can be a useful drug in the treatment of irritable colon syndrome.


The increasing multiplicity of defect types forces the inclusion of tests from a variety of fault models. The quest for test quality is checkmated though by the considerable and frequently unnecessary cost of the large number of tests, driven by the lack of a clear correspondence between defects and fault models. While the static derivation of the appropriate test mixes from a variety of fault models to deliver high test quality at low cost is a desirable goal, it is challenged by the frequent changes in defect characteristics. The consequent necessity for adaptivity is addressed in this paper through a test framework that utilizes the continuous stream of failing test data during production testing to track the varying test quality based on evolving defect characteristics and thus dynamically adjust the production test set to deliver a target defect escape level at minimal test cost.


Abstract Tolerance to organ allografts in rodents and pigs can be easily achieved. However, tolerance induction in a large primate model has been more elusive. In this study, we have used an anti‐CD4, murine monoclonal antibody as a carrier for the cytotoxic drug idarubicin (IDA) to delete or inactivate alloreactive T‐cells responding to a renal allograft in a baboon transplant model. Fourteen Chacma baboons weighing between 15‐25 kg received heterotopic renal allografts. Recipient and donor pairs were selected on the basis of ABO compatibility. Seven animals were given no immunosuppression and served as the control group. The remaining 7 animals received anti‐CD4 IDA. The first 2 animals in this group received 2 mg IVI intraoperatively and three doses at 48‐h intervals thereafter. The last 5 animals received a larger dose of 1 mg/kg, starting 24 h pre‐operatively and again on postoperative days 2 and 5. The untreated animals promptly rejected their allografts with a mean survival of 10 days. The survival of the 2 animals treated with 2 mg anti‐CD4 IDA was 7 days each. However, the animals treated with 1 mg/kg anti‐CD4 IDA survived 7, 18, 20, 40 and > 40 days. Peritransplant administration of anti‐CD4 IDA prolonged renal allograft survival in a large primate model. This unique immunoconjugate has the potential of tolerance induction.


This paper presents the results of two-dimensional (2D) numerical simulation of heat, air, and moisture transfer through porous walls, which have important application background in the built environment and other engineering fields. The air flows, heat and moisture transfer in the walls are studied using a transient heat, air, and moisture (HAM) model. This model treats the non-isothermal airflow through two-dimensional porous geometries in a time-dependent format. The model includes the Brinkman equation describes the flow of air and other mathematical equations that calculate the heat and moisture transfer through the porous region. The equations are solved by a finite element method (FEM) using physics-based modeling, which is implemented in the commercial simulation software, COMSOL Multiphysics. The model prediction is first validated by using published benchmark solutions. Eventually, the numerical results are presented to illustrate the complex effects of material porosity and permeability on the heat and moisture transport, and moisture content variation in space and time through the walls, at different humidity and temperature conditions. Within the investigated parameter ranges, it is demonstrated that the relative humidity and temperature difference are the driving forces for the transient heat, air, and moisture transport processes through the porous area in the porous walls.


Research has shown that adult learners have a strong desire for a self-directed and autonomous learning experience. This paper presents an evaluation of an approach to supporting self-directed learning employed in a graduate-level Web application design and development course. The approach allows students to define and develop semester-long team projects in an independent fashion including the definition of their own grading metric and the evaluation of themselves against the measure. This paper presents the results of a survey on student opinion of the self-directed learning approach and an evaluation of grades. Study results indicate that the self-directed learning approach used in the course was quite successful in providing adult students with an autonomous and self-directed learning experience


Activating mutations of the ALK (Anaplastic lymphoma Kinase) gene have been identified in sporadic and familial cases of neuroblastoma, a cancer of early childhood arising from the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). To decipher ALK function in neuroblastoma predisposition and oncogenesis, we have characterized knock-in (KI) mice bearing the two most frequent mutations observed in neuroblastoma patients. A dramatic enlargement of sympathetic ganglia is observed in AlkF1178L mice from embryonic to adult stages associated with an increased proliferation of sympathetic neuroblasts from E14.5 to birth. In a MYCN transgenic context, the F1178L mutation displays a higher oncogenic potential than the R1279Q mutation as evident from a shorter latency of tumor onset. We show that tumors expressing the R1279Q mutation are sensitive to ALK inhibition upon crizotinib treatment. Furthermore, our data provide evidence that activated ALK triggers RET upregulation in mouse sympathetic ganglia at birth as well as in murine and human neuroblastoma. Using vandetanib, we show that RET inhibition strongly impairs tumor growth in vivo in both MYCN/KI AlkR1279Q and MYCN/KI AlkF1178L mice. Altogether, our findings demonstrate the critical role of activated ALK in SNS development and pathogenesis and identify RET as a therapeutic target in ALK mutated neuroblastoma.


International Relations (IR) and related social science disciplines focusing on peace and conflict studies have enabled a bureaucratic understanding of peacebuilding and a liberal form of peace. This has extended into a neoliberal type of statebuilding. There is now an impressive international architecture for peace, but its engagement with its subjects in everyday contexts has been less impressive. An earlier group of conflict researchers, grouped around John Burton and later A.J.R. Groom, have long argued that this is partly because IR has concentrated on elite power, problem-solving methodology and positivist epistemologies. It has failed to understand the dynamics, agency and hybridity of human society and institutions when it comes to peace, or that inequality is conflict inducing. Rescuing peacebuilding from neoliberal epistemological frameworks requires an anthropological and ethnographic sensitivity.


The goal of this report is to provide the Illinois Livestock industry with an economic snapshot of the current state of the industry. The State's livestock and meat and dairy processing sectors significantly contribute to the state's economy in three important ways: 1) significant economic activity in the form of output, jobs and taxes; 2) real growth for an overall declining Illinois economy; and 3) important local impacts in key county and legislative regions. This contribution becomes increasingly important when other sectors in the economy have shed jobs and declined in recent years. Livestock contributes $3.5B of total impact and over 25,000 jobs to the State's economy. When combined with meat and dairy processing the entire complex produces $27B of total impact, or 5% of the state's economy, and 99,000 jobs, or 1.4% of the State's jobs. The industry continues to serves as an economic engine in both rural and urban areas of the state. Since 2000, the trend in Illinois livestock output shows modest growth in the real value of products sold. Pork and poultry lead with positive real growth, dairy is nominally flat and declined in real terms, and beef and sheep and lamb marketings decline both nominally and in real terms.


Increased employment is crucial to improving the well-being of First Nations communities, and should be a high priority in the Prairie provinces which have the lowest employment rates and lowest per capita regional incomes across Canada.

Author John Richards looks at data from Indigenous Services Canada's Community Well-Being Index for all First Nation and Inuit communities, and reveals Prairie trouble spots where community well-being lags.

In Manitoba and Saskatchewan, average community income scores are more than 10 points lower than First Nation scores in Atlantic Canada and Ontario, and roughly 16 points lower than in Quebec and British Columbia.


The family of delta modulators can be characterized as uniformly sampled zero hysteresis, bang-bang type of controllers. Such systems are widely used in communication and instrumentation applications for encoding band-limited analog signals into binary waveforms i.e. A/D conversion. The inherent V/f ratio control and low order harmonic attenuation of modulated output are some of the attractive features of delta modulation which can be employed in voltage control of inverters and rectifiers. -- Delta modulated voltage source inverters, implemented by analog means, have shown improved performance over conventional PWM inverters. However, software controlled delta modulated inverters require less complex control circuitry and offer easier control of system parameters. This thesis is the study of the performance of voltage source inverters using different types of delta modulation strategies. Continuous time variables of delta modulators transformed into discrete time domain are able to generate switching waveforms to control a single phase voltage source inverter. Three types of delta modulation strategics are investigated. The results obtained from their implementation are compared and a suitable choice of a modulation strategy for on-line inverter operation is investigated. -- The effect of filter coefficients, input signal amplitude, sampling rate, and tracking step (∆) on the modulator performance is presented. In order to study the harmonic behaviour of the inverter output, a Fourier analysis is carried out. The predicted performance results confirm the advantageous features of the delta modulation techniques. -- For experimental verification, a single phase bridge inverter and associate base drive circuits are built. Microprocessor-generated switching signals are applied to control the operation of the inverter. The inverter is tested with passive as well as dynamic loads and a comparison between various modulation techniques is presented. Implications for further research are discussed.


Hybrid zones can provide an understanding of the genetic basis of biodiversity maintenance and as well as insight into how interacting species respond to climate change, and how climate change may alter patterns of introgression. This body of research focuses on dynamics of hybridization between the Saltmarsh (Ammospiza caudacutus) and Nelson's Sparrow (A. nelsoni) across two populations in the center of the hybrid zone to gain a window into both the evolutionary processes underlying the relationship between these species and the role of climate change and adaptive introgression on the future persistence of the two sparrows. In Chapter 1, I determined patterns of introgression between Saltmarsh and Nelson's Sparrows on a fine-scale across a habitat gradient and on a broad-scale through comparison with known patterns in the southern range of the zone. I explored the fitness consequences of hybridization to female Saltmarsh, Nelson's and hybrid sparrows in relation to environmental conditions and tidal marsh nesting adaptations in Chapter 2. Finally, in Chapter 3, I evaluated the relative fitness of male Saltmarsh, Nelson's and hybrid individuals in relation to competitive ability and male condition. I intensively sampled sparrow adults (n = 218) and chicks (n = 326) and determined the success of 201 nests over two years at two marshes in the center of the hybrid zone located at Popham Beach State Park and Wharton Point on Maquoit Bay on the northeastern coast of the United States, between Brunswick, Maine and Phippsburg, Maine. I used a ddRAD sequencing approach to identify a panel of135 fixed SNPs, which I used to calculate a hybrid index and determine the genotypic composition of individuals and the level of admixture of the populations. In addition, a separate panel of 589 SNPs was used to assign paternity to offspring and reconstruct mating pairs. I compared genotypic composition and patterns of introgression across two sites in the center of the hybrid zone with previous work done in the southern portion of the hybrid zone. I tested for reduced survival of hybrid females in support of Haldane's Rule and also for assortative mating between the species. I modeled daily nest survival and fledging success between Saltmarsh, Nelson's and hybrid females in relation to tidal cycles and known tidal marsh nesting adaptations. Lastly, I compared the number of offspring sired by Saltmarsh, Nelson's and hybrid males in relation to male condition, as measured by three secondary and one primary male sexual traits. I found that population density differences across the hybrid zone influenced patterns of introgression, such that in the center of the zone there is relatively equal backcrossing in both the Saltmarsh and Nelson's Sparrow direction compared to asymmetric backcrossing toward the Saltmarsh Sparrow in the southern hybrid zone (Walsh et al., 2015a). Local site-specific characteristics of the two study populations influenced the distribution of genotypes and patterns of introgression across a tidal marsh habitat gradient, such that there were a higher number of hybrids and more backcrossing towards Nelson's Sparrow at the inland than coastal site. I also observed twice as many recent-generation hybrid female nestlings than adults in the population, supporting Haldane's Rule, and a significant correlation between mother and father hybrid index (r = 0.73, P <0.0001), indicative of assortative mating. I found differential fitness among Saltmarsh, Nelson's and hybrid females. Birds with predominantly Saltmarsh Sparrow alleles had higher reproductive success than birds with predominantly Nelson's Sparrows alleles, with hybrids being intermediate between the two. Fledging success models suggested that the number of offspring fledged also increased with two known tidal marsh nesting adaptations: nest height and nesting synchrony with tidal cycles. I found a positive relationship between hybrid index and fitness in daily nest survival in 2016, but not across both breeding seasons (2016 & 2017) combined, likely due to differing levels of nest flooding. The strongest and most consistent predictors of daily nest survival were nesting synchrony with lunar tidal flooding cycles (female behavioral adaptation) and daily maximum tide height. I also found differential male fitness, with Saltmarsh Sparrows siring more offspring This thesis is available at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository: https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/1217 than Nelson's Sparrows (ANOVA; F = 3.81, P =0.04) and hybrids intermediate in fitness, although more similar to Nelson's Sparrows. Cloacal Protuberance (CP) volume and body mass were significant predictors of interspecific fitness, providing evidence that pre and post copulatory sexual selection may be acting on body size and CP volume (as a proxy for sperm competition) to drive mating patterns within and between the Saltmarsh and Nelson's Sparrows. Saltmarsh-Nelson's Sparrow hybrid zone structure and maintenance appear to be driven by endogenous and exogenous factors at multiple spatial scales. Fitness differences among parental species and hybrids, relative population densities and species distributions, differential adaptation to local environments, and pre-zygotic and post-zygotic reproductive isolating mechanisms all play a role in the dynamics of this hybrid zone.


Quorum-sensing systems play important roles in host colonization and host establishment of Burkholderiales species. Beneficial Paraburkholderia species share a conserved quorum-sensing (QS) system, designated BraI/R, that controls different phenotypes. In this context, the plant growth-promoting bacterium Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN possesses two different homoserine lactone QS systems BpI.1/R.1 and BpI.2/R.2 (BraI/R-like QS system). The BpI.1/R.1 QS system was previously reported to be important to colonize and produce beneficial effects in Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Here, we analyzed the temporal variations of the QS gene transcript levels in the wild-type strain colonizing plant roots. The gene expression patterns showed relevant differences in both QS systems compared with the wild-type strain in the unplanted control treatment. The gene expression data were used to reconstruct a regulatory network model of QS systems in P. phytofirmans PsJN, using a Boolean network model. Also, we examined the phenotypic traits and transcript levels of genes involved in QS systems, using P. phytofirmans mutants in homoserine lactone synthases genes. We observed that the BpI.1/R.1 QS system regulates biofilm formation production in strain PsJN and this phenotype was associated with the lower expression of a specific extracytoplasmic function sigma factor ecf26.1 gene (implicated in biofilm formation) in the bpI.1 mutant strain.


Modeling and simulation are important technologies that can be applied to business process reengineering (BPR). Dynamic process models afford the analysis of alternative process scenarios through simulation by providing quantitative process metrics such as cost, cycle time, serviceability and resource utilization. These metrics form the basis for evaluating alternatives and selecting the most promising scenario for implementation. Tradeoffs can be made on the basis of measurements as opposed to intuition, resulting in more informed business decisions. The paper summarizes the ideas to be presented in a panel discussion session on the role of modeling and simulation in business process reengineering. Each panelist represents a different perspective: 1) a theoretical view, 2) a BPR practitioner's view and 3) a software system view. The objective of this session is to highlight key issues in modeling and simulation of business processes from each of these perspectives and to motivate research and tool development in this area.


Hardening laser surface offers new possibilities for the enhancement of the mechanical resistance of superficial layers. Essential for the laser treatment processes is the efficiency at which the incident laser power is coupled into the work piece. The aim of the work was to study the effect of some factors such as spot shape, beam angle of incidence and surface coating on the steel surface absorptivity. Samples made of carbon steel were laser processed using a CW CO2 - 1,2 kW laser unit. Different process parameters (beam power, spot dimension and traverse speed), were used. The microstructure of laser hardened layers which have been investigated by optical microscopy. The mechanical characterization of the layers has been done by hardness measurements. Correlation has been established between the structure of the laser-processed layers and the process parameters.


After the war, the world was divided between two main powers, a Western capitalist bloc led by the USA, and an Eastern communist bloc, driven by the USSR. From Japan to Mexico, the post-war years were ones of prosperous economic growth and profound social transformation. It was the time of re-housing families split apart and of rebuilding destroyed cities, but it was also the time of democratic rebirth, the definition of individual and collective freedoms and rights, and of belief in the open society envisaged by Karl Popper. Simultaneously, it was the time of the biggest migrations from the countryside, revealing a large faith in the city, and of baby booms, revealing a new hope in humanity. (...) Whether through welfare state systems, as mainly evidenced in Western Europe, under the prospects launched by the Plan Marshall (1947), or through the establishment of local housing authorities funded or semi-funded by the government, or through the support of private companies, civil organizations or associations, the time had come for the large-scale application of the principles of modern architecture and engineering developed before the war. From the Spanish polígonos residenciales to the German großsiedlungen, ambitious housing programs were established in order to improve the citizens' living conditions and health standards, as an answer to the housing shortage, and as a symbol of a new egalitarian society: comfort would no longer only be found in bourgeois houses.


Listeria monocytogenes , a lethal foodborne pathogen, has the ability to resist the hostile food processing environment and thus frequently contaminates ready-to-eat foods during processing. It is commonly accepted that the tendency of L. monocytogenes ' to generate biofilms on various surfaces enhances its resistance to the harshness of the food processing environment. However, the role of biofilm formation in the transferability of L. monocytogenes EGDe remains controversial. We examined the growth of Listeria biofilms on stainless steel surfaces and their effect on the transferability of L. monocytogenes EGDe. The experiments were a factorial 2 × 2 design with at least three biological replicates. Through scanning electron microscopy, a mature biofilm with intensive aggregates of cells was observed on the surface of stainless steel after 3 or 5 days of incubation, depending on the initial level of inoculation. During biofilm development, L. monocytogenes EGDe carried out binary fission vigorously before a mature biofilm was formed and subsequently changed its cellular morphology from rod shaped to sphere shaped. Furthermore, static biofilm, which was formed after 3 days of incubation at 25°C, significantly inhibited the transfer rate of L. monocytogenes EGDe from stainless steel blades to 15 bologna slices. During 7 days of storage at 4°C, however, bacterial growth rate was not significantly impacted by whether bacteria were transferred from biofilm and the initial concentrations of transferred bacteria on the slice. In conclusion, this study is the first to report a distinct change in morphology of L. monocytogenes EGDe at the late stage of biofilm formation. More importantly, once food is contaminated by L. monocytogenes EGDe, contamination proceeds independently of biofilm development and the initial level of contamination when food is stored at 4°C, even if contamination with L. monocytogenes EGDe was initially undetectable before storage.


Policy Points Engaging and involving underrepresented communities when setting research priorities could make the scientific research agenda more equitable, more just, and more responsive to their needs and values. Groups and individuals from minority and underserved communities strongly prioritized child health and mental health research, often choosing to invest at the highest possible level. Groups consisting of predominantly Native American or Arab American participants invested in culture and beliefs research at the highest level, while many groups did not select it at all. The priority given to culture and beliefs research by these groups illustrates the importance of paying special attention to unique preferences, and not just commonly held views, when getting public input on spending priorities for research.

CONTEXT
A major contributor to health disparities is the relative lack of resources-including resources for science-allocated to address the health problems of those with disproportionately greater needs. Engaging and involving underrepresented communities in setting research priorities could make the scientific research agenda more equitable, more just, and more responsive to their needs and values. We engaged minority and underserved communities in informed deliberations and report here their priorities for health research.

METHODS
Academic-community partnerships adapted the simulation exercise CHAT for setting health research priorities. We had participants from minority and medically underserved communities (47 groups, n = 519) throughout Michigan deliberate about health research priorities, and we used surveys and CHAT software to collect the demographic characteristics and priorities selected by individuals and groups.

FINDINGS
The participants ranged in age (18 to 88), included more women than men, and were overrepresented by minority groups. Nearly all the deliberating groups selected child health and mental health research (93.6% and 95.7%), and most invested at the highest level. Aging, access, promote health, healthy environment, and what causes disease were also prioritized by groups. Research on mental health and child health were high priorities for individuals both before and after group deliberations. Access was the only category more likely to be selected by individuals after group deliberation (77.0 vs 84.0%, OR = 1.63, p = .005), while improve research, health policy, and culture and beliefs were less likely to be selected after group deliberations (all, p < .001). However, the level of investment in many categories changed after the group deliberations. Participants identifying as Black/African American were less likely to prioritize mental health research, and those of Other race were more likely to prioritize culture and beliefs research.

CONCLUSIONS
Minority and medically underserved communities overwhelmingly prioritized mental health and child health research in informed deliberations about spending priorities.


Spectral reflectance of beach sand (350-2500 nm) under different moisture conditions at 1 nm interval, obtained by a laboratory spectroscopy experiment. Optical remote sensing has the potential to measure surface moisture at a high spatio-temporal resolution. It is based on the principle that wet sand appears darker than dry sand: it is less reflective. The goals of this study are (1) to measure and model reflectance under controlled laboratory conditions as function of wavelength ( ) and surface moisture ( ) over the optical domain of 350–2500 nm, and (2) to explore the implications of our laboratory findings for accurately mapping the distribution of surface moisture under natural conditions. A laboratory spectroscopy experiment was conducted to measure spectral reflectance (1 nm interval) under different surface moisture conditions using beach sand. A non-linear increase of reflectance upon drying was observed over the full range of wavelengths. Two models were developed and tested. The first model is grounded in optics and describes the proportional contribution of scattering and absorption of light by pore water in an unsaturated sand matrix. The second model is grounded in soil physics and links the hydraulic behaviour of pore water in an unsaturated sand matrix to its optical properties.


AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
To examine the activities and resource implications for the initial cohort of healthcare organisations involved in the introduction of multiple nursing guidelines.

BACKGROUND
The Best Practice Spotlight Organization initiative was launched in 2003 as part of the Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario's Best Practice Guidelines programme. While previous research has evaluated improvements in patient care and outcomes, there has been limited research from an organisational perspective on the activities conducted to introduce nursing guidelines.

DESIGN
Secondary analysis of retrospective narrative data.

METHODS
We conducted a content analysis of the 2004-2006 annual reports from the seven participating sites. We used both deductive and inductive approaches to categorise the guideline implementation activities and their resource implications.

RESULTS
All sites reported implementing multiple guidelines (four to nine guidelines per site) and used a wide range of implementation activities that clearly addressed nine of the 10 NHS Sustainability dimensions. The dimension not reported was benefits beyond helping patients. All sites established steering committees that involved staff and senior leaders, reviewed selected guidelines and recommendations, reviewed existing policies and procedures and developed new policies and procedures, recruited champions or peer mentors, applied for additional external funding to support activities, developed relationships with external clinical partners, included guideline implementation in orientation, developed intra-agency web-based and print communications for the project, and evaluated practice changes. For each of these activities, the sites reported expenditures and resource usage.

CONCLUSIONS
The organisational processes used for the introduction of new nursing guidelines in Canada are remarkably consistent with factors identified by leaders and change agents in the UK who developed the NHS Sustainability Model.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
A multidimensional framework for sustainability is useful for planning successful guideline implementation across an organisation. Examples of specific activities and resource implications for organisational change are provided.


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Haakana, Piia 2008. The acute effects of massage on muscle tone and perceived recovery. Department of biology of physical activit y, University of Jyväskylä. Bachelor's thesis. 47 pp. The physiological effects of massage have been cont roversial in previous studies. There is one previous study on effects of massage on musc le tone but there were no effects during one month intervention. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlations between subcutaneous tissue and rectus femoris muscle thickness and muscle tone. The differences on muscle tone between groups that received massage immediately or one day after the resistance trainin g were examined. The effects of massage on perceived recovery were monitored immedi ately and day after massage. Ten subjects completed the study, five in each grou p. The thickness of subcutaneous and muscle tissue, and pennation angle was measured from rectus femoris muscle prior to the training session. Both groups had the same p re measurements and training session, with three sets at 70% of 1 RM squat until exhaustion on a Smith machine. Muscle tone was measured before and after the train ing and massage sessions, and a day after massage. Subjects filled in questionnaires of their state of perceived recovery each time the muscle tone was measured after the trainin g. Massage was applied for group 1 immediately after the training and for group 2 one day after the training. Massage, 10 minutes per leg, was performed with effleurage and petrissage techniques by the same therapist for each subject. A significant decrease in muscle tone was found in group 1 immediately after training. Following massage the tone increased. There was no effect of training or massage on group 2. This might be due lack of subjects and the control group, insufficient training session, incapability of subjects to totally relax during the muscle tone measurement or other factors such as elevated muscle tone due to a ctivities prior to the measurements.


As a backdrop to the multiple conspiracies in Gravity's Rainbow, "The Firm" is a silent presence on almost every page of the book. A world-spanning net of political and financial power, it has been recognized as Pynchon's metaphor for the political and technocratic apparatus of our time. My presentation of a text which Pynchon might well have used as a source for his concept of lithe Firm" will only confirm this interpretation, providing some more clues as to Pynchon's intentions for the use of the concept.


This study sought to examine the effects of rising food and oil prices on rural households in Ghana in relation to their food, access to healthcare and education, changes in their work situations, their financial management practices, and their recreational and leisure practices using three selected communities in the Dangme West district of the Greater Accra region – Dodowa, Ningo, and Prampram. A total of 300 households were interviewed. The households were divided concerning the issue of whether their standard of living was better, worse or had remained the same. In general, households that indicated they were worse off currently than they were last year slightly outnumbered those who had seen improvements in their lives.


: Acidification of the gastric contents is known to be the principal function of the stomach. The efficacy of acidification for digestion is limited by chymus formation, and that for absorption manifests as the enteral barrier permeability governing, mediated by the duodenal hormonal system, thus optimizing the absorption of nutrient substances in accordance with homeostasis requirements. The author suggests a simplified method of gastric intubation, improving the informative value of the results of examination.


Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was first identified as a potent stimulator of hepatocyte growth and DNA synthesis. Later, it was shown that HGF can promote cell motility and cell proliferation in various types of cells, including tumor cells and endothelial cells. We have examined serum concentrations of HGF in breast cancer patients using an ELISA. Of 134 primary breast cancer patients, 49 (36.6%) showed a significant increase in the circulating level of HGF as compared to healthy controls. The increase in the HGF level was significantly associated with axillary lymph node metastases and histological evidence of venous invasion. No significant correlation between serum HGF concentrations and intratumoral HGF concentrations was found; however, the removal of the primary tumor clearly decreased the serum HGF level, suggesting that the elevation of HGF in the serum was tumor related. Twenty-nine (82.9%) of 35 patients with recurrent breast cancer had an increase in the serum HGF level. The HGF level was significantly higher in patients with liver metastases compared to those with other sites of metastases. Postoperative sequential examinations confirmed that the increase in the serum HGF level was associated with the appearance of relapse. In conclusion, the serum HGF level was significantly increased in breast cancer patients. Circulating HGF might play important roles in tumor progression in this malignancy.


INTRODUCTION
Mirodenafil is a newly developed oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, currently under investigation as a treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED).

AIM
We investigated the efficacy and safety of on demand mirodenafil therapy at fixed doses (50 and 100 mg) in Korean men with a broad range of ED.

METHODS
A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, fixed-dose study was conducted with 223 subjects who were randomized to placebo or mirodenafil at fixed doses of 50 or 100 mg for 12 weeks on an "as needed" basis.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Primary efficacy measures were scores on the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) Question 3 (Q3) and Question 4 (Q4). Secondary efficacy measures included all domain scores of the IIEF, Sexual Encounter Profile Question 2 (SEP2), Sexual Encounter Profile Question 3 (SEP3), the Global Assessment Question (GAQ), and the Life Satisfaction Checklist (LSC). Safety assessments included laboratory tests, vital signs, physical examination, 12-lead electrocardiogram recordings, and patients' reporting of adverse events.

RESULTS
Mirodenafil 50 and 100 mg groups showed a significantly greater increase in IIEF Q3 (P = 0.0001, P < 0.0001, respectively) and Q4 scores (both P < 0.0001) at the end point compared with the placebo group. And mirodenafil in both doses significantly improved the scores of all five domains of the IIEF, SEP2, and SEP3 as well as the percentages of patients responding positively to the GAQ compared with the placebo group. As for LSC scores, the two mirodenafil groups showed significantly greater improvements in items regarding life as a whole, sexual life, and partner relationship than the placebo group. Most treatment-associated adverse events were of mild intensity, resolving spontaneously.

CONCLUSIONS
Mirodenafil, in doses of 50 or 100 mg, significantly improved erectile function and were well tolerated in a representative population of Korean men with broad-spectrum ED of various etiologies and severities.


Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome (WPW) is a frequently encountered electrocardiographic abnormality and an important diagnostic and therapeutic issue for cardiac specialists. Estimates of WPW prevalence in the general population are contingent on the likelihood of asymptomatic patients having an electrocardiogram (ECG) performed, and range from 0.1–0.2%. WPW consists of pre-excitation of the QRS (the delta wave) caused by eccentric activation of the ventricular myocardium via an accessory atrioventricular (AV) connection (accessory pathway, historically called the bundle of Kent) (fig 1). In addition to ventricular pre-excitation observed in sinus rhythm, the electrophysiological consequences of this connection include the paroxysmal occurrence of atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (SVT) and, at considerably lower frequency, the occurrence of rapidly conducted atrial fibrillation, which may result in ventricular fibrillation and death.

Figure 1
Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome with pronounced pre-excitation.

Accessory pathways (APs) by definition traverse the AV groove, and are identified in all anatomical quadrants of the tricuspid and mitral annuli. Although WPW is prevalent, pathological demonstration is rare as this myocardial feature is microscopic and rarely systematically sought in postmortem study. Although APs are typically congenital, many well substantiated reports indicate that the clinical aspects of WPW may sometimes be acquired de novo, typically in patients who have undergone cardiac surgical procedures. An increased prevalence of WPW is noted among patients with Ebstein's anomaly, in whom APs are typically anatomically associated with the abnormal tricuspid valve, and often multiple.

Among symptomatic patients, clinical presentation is typically with palpitations or a sustained episode of SVT. A bimodal age distribution is observed: a substantial number of patients present in the first month of life (in some cases, prenatally), and a secondary, more diffuse peak through the school age years. Prenatal and infantile presentation of SVT is often associated with signs of congestive heart failure, perhaps due in part to the relatively prolonged interval …


Source: USA TODAY: Suicides raise workers rights issues By Kathy Chu USA TODAY SHENZHEN, China — Newly installed silver nets stretch across the balconies of Foxconn's massive employee apartment complexes in this booming industrial city, grim reminders of the recent wave of workers who jumped to their deaths. The suicides — 10 of Foxconn Technology's employees have died this year, and three others have been injured — have raised questions about whether the working conditions of factory employees along China's Pearl River Delta have something to do with the deaths. Workers rights groups say that low pay and grueling work at Foxconn factories have a role in the suicides. They say similar problems at factories elsewhere in the region highlight the need to reform labor practices throughout China. "Since 2005 to now, we have recorded hundreds of suicides and attempted suicides by workers who have not been paid," says Geoffrey Crothall, a spokesman for China Labor Bulletin, a group that fights for workers rights in China. "This is quite common" among migrant laborers who move from rural areas to the cities seeking work, he says. Foxconn, a Taiwanese company, is one of the largest makers of electronic components for companies including Apple, Dell and HewlettPackard. Foxconn spokesman Edmund Ding says the company is looking into whether "work-related causes played any role in these tragedies." Initial results show that "there is no single cause" for the suicides, Ding says. Apple, Dell and Hewlett-Packard say they are also investigating the situation to determine what to do next. Worker suicides have plagued Shenzhen telecom company Huawei Technologies in recent years as well. And an employee of Genda Electronics, based in Shenzhen, committed suicide in April after he was suspected of stealing a box of electronics parts, the local Guangzhou Daily newspaper reported. In China, labor laws that took effect in 2008 have greatly improved migrant workers' rights. Although "you don't hear about the robber-baron type of abuses that you heard about 30 years ago," it's still common for factories to offer such low wages that workers are forced to work overtime, says Phelim Kine, Asia researcher for New York City-based Human Rights Watch. China's economic boom has improved living standards for migrant workers and their families, but it has also widened the gap between the rich and the poor, exacerbating social tensions. "All the indicators are that the level of dissatisfaction among (factory) workers has been quite intense for a while, and it's probably getting worse," Crothall says. Critics say the suicides show that despite improvements in working conditions — including higher wages at many factories in the region because of a labor shortage — much remains to be done to ensure that workers are treated fairly. China Labor Watch, a New York-based advocacy group that has conducted dozens of interviews with Foxconn workers, says it has found that employees have to produce as many as 4,000 computers each shift. To ease workers' stress, Foxconn should lower the production quota and only allow them to work five days a week instead of six, says Quang Li, executive director of China Labor Watch. Ding, the Foxconn spokesman, says the company is doing "everything possible to prevent tragedies such as this from being repeated." The company is providing counseling to employees and planning to raise certain workers' wages, a measure it began looking at earlier this year amid the region's labor shortage. Jing Jun, a sociology professor at Tsinghua University in Beijing, says that although long hours, military-style management techniques and a weak union are common features of factories in the delta, they're "hardly direct causes of the suicide cluster" at Foxconn. Outside Foxconn's Shenzhen factories, workers who would give only their last names for fear of being reprimanded by the company or by USA TODAY: Suicides raise workers rights issues http://www.chinalaborwatch.org/newscast/33


We investigate methods to calibrate the non-common path aberrations at an adaptive optics system having a wavefront-correcting device working with an extremely high resolution (larger than 150x150 correcting elements). We use focal-plane images collected successively, the corresponding phase-diversity information and numerically efficient algorithms to calculate the required wavefront updates. Different approaches are considered in numerical simulations, and laboratory experiments are shown to confirm the results. We compare the performances of the standard Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm, Fast and Furious (use of small-phase assumption to take advantage of linearisation) and recently proposed phase-retrieval methods based on convex optimisation. The results indicate that the calibration task is easiest with algorithms similar to Fast and Furious, at least in the framework we considered.


AbstractWhen internal (inertia-)gravity waves propagate in a vertically sheared geostrophic (eddying or mean) flow, they exchange energy with the flow. A novel concept parameterizing internal wave–mean flow interaction in ocean circulation models is demonstrated, based on the description of the entire wave field by the wave-energy density in physical and wavenumber space and its prognostic computation by the radiative transfer equation. The concept enables a simplification of the radiative transfer equation with a small number of reasonable assumptions and a derivation of simple but consistent parameterizations in terms of spectrally integrated energy compartments that are used as prognostic model variables. The effect of the waves on the mean flow in this paradigm is in accordance with the nonacceleration theorem: only in the presence of dissipation do waves globally exchange energy with the mean flow in the time mean. The exchange can have either direction. These basic features of wave–mean flow interac...


We present the case of a 68-year-old woman who developed progressive visuospatial deficits in a period of 18 months, leading to the loss of her independence for activities of daily living. After examination, she showed signs of Balint syndrome with optic ataxia, oculomotor apraxia, and simultanagnosia without visual acuity impairment. After brain imaging showing severe bilateral parieto-occipital association cortex atrophy, a diagnosis of posterior cortical atrophy was made according to the 2017 International Consortium's criteria.


Abstract Elderly health care consumers are different. Understanding these differences i the key to thedevelopment of successful marketing strategies. This paper examines the area of dental services, preventive health care, physician services and mental health services. It explores how elderly health care consumers respond differently than their younger counterparts. Finally the special role of theprimary physician in marketing to the elderly is examined.


: There has been an upsurge of interest in bereavement and bereavement counselling but our knowledge of how bereavement relates specifically to mentally handicapped people is limited. This article reviews our current understanding of the grieving process, discusses how appropriate these models are for mentally handicapped people, examines how the mentally handicapped may be not receiving the necessary support following bereavement and puts forward suggestions to improve the situation.


Energy efficiency in buildings is a worldwide problem, especially in China, it is under developed and begins very late, so research on energy efficiency theory in buildings is a pressed problem. In this paper, a new understanding for BEEis put forward and the character of the social activity is emphasized with building energy consumption process. The new definition embodies the systematic characters of subject, object, and sense of principle and target of BEE technology and practice, which is useful to establish the foundation of the systems theory of knowledge. This paper also inquires into the problems and straits around to BEE. In order to improve the energy efficiency theory, to produce more suitable environment of human settlements as well, we should establish the systems theory, human and culture view, technology theory and regional view. To accelerate the process of research and development of energy efficiency in buildings in China, this paper conducted a theoretical research with the building environment, energy utilization and human development. The key to establish firmly building theory of energy efficiency is how to exploit the local natural conditions and stick to the requirements for the harmony of human being with environment; this paper sets up the preliminary system frame in the end.


A typical concept-detection problem is characterised by greatly disproportionate sizes of the populations of training samples in the concept and anti-concept classes. In many cases, the population of anti-concept (negative) examples outnumber the concept examples. In this paper, an inverse random under sampling method is proposed to solve this imbalance problem. By the proposed method of inverse under sampling of the anti-concept class we can construct a large number of concept detectors which in the fusion stage facilitate a fine control of both false negative rates and false positive rates. In this method the main emphasis in learning the discriminant functions is on the concept class, leading to an almost perfect separation of the two classes for each detector. The proposed methodology is applied to commonly-used video and image collection benchmarks: Mediamill and Scene datasets. The results indicate significant performance gains. For some concepts, the improvement in the average precision is by several orders of magnitude, and the mean average precision is 12% and 17% better for Mediamill and Scene datasets respectively when compared with conventionally trained logistic regression classifier.


This paper discusses the practice of the Islamic Integrated Education System model in selected schools in the Malay Archipelago in the context of education in the 21st century. Islamic Integrated Schools provide an educational system that integrates academic knowledge and Islamic knowledge. Despite having a similar aim,these schools often have their own Islamic Integrated education system in place, which varies from school to school. An instrument derived from an earlier study conducted by this research team was utilised in the data collection process. The questionnaire focused on four constructs that describe a model of an Islamic Integrated school, that is, The School's Concept, The Integration of Islamic and Academic Knowledge, Teacher-Student Relationship, and The School's Islamic Climate. The sample consisted 2017of 507 students from one Singaporean, two Indonesian, and three Malaysian Islamic Integrated Schools. Overall, the model suggests that the Integration of the Islamic and Academic Knowledge was the weakest contributing factor to the overall concept of the Islamic Integrated education system compared to Teacher-Student Relationship and the School's Islamic Climate. The findings indicate the need for the Islamic Integrated Schools to critically evaluate their existing implementation of knowledge integration to better prepare their students for the challenges of the 21st century.


Abstract Parasitic arthropods of marine mammals are relatively poorly understood, with the least amount of data on the occurrence of parasitic arthropods in these hosts. Thus far, only seal lice Echinophthirius horridus (von Olfers, 1816) have been found in the Baltic seals, while there was no information about the presence of parasitic mites in these mammals. The nasopharyngeal mite Halarachne halichoeri (Allman, 1847) has recently been found in the gray seal Halichoerus grypus (Fabricius, 1791), representing a new species (and new genus) for the Polish fauna. Sixty three specimens were found in the nasal cavity and the trachea, including 18 females and 45 males. This is also the first documented record of Halarachnidae in seals of the Baltic Sea. A checklist of parasitic Halarachnidae known from marine mammals is also provided.


The necessary equations are presented for obtaining the noise temperature due to thermal radiation which would be sensed by a receiver with an antenna located at some altitude above the earth. Emission and absorption of radiation by the atmosphere is considered. Calculated over-all absorptivities and apparent atmospheric temperatures are given as a function of antenna observation angle for beam paths through the atmosphere. Six wavelengths in the microwave band and three types of weather conditions were chosen for the calculations. Some typical antenna temperatures are presented as examples of the magnitudes of the effects to be expected as a function of the type of surface being viewed, the weather, and polarization.


Until relatively recently, the emphasis of spatial analysis was on the investigation of global models and global processes. Recent research, however, has tended to explore exceptions to general processes, and techniques have been developed which have as their focus the investigation of spatial variations in local relationships. One of these techniques, known as geographically weighted regression (GWR), developed by the authors is used here to investigate spatial variations in spatial association. The particular framework in which spatial association is examined here is the spatial autoregressive model of Ord, although the technique can easily be applied to any form of spatial autocorrelation measurement. The conceptual and theoretical foundations of GWR applied to the Ord model are followed by an empirical example which uses data on owner-occupation in the housing market of Tyne and Wear in northeast England where the problems of relying on global models of spatial association are demonstrated. This empirical investigation of spatial variations in spatial autocorrelation prompts a further discussion of several issues concerning the statistical technique.


Electrical and luminescent properties and deep trap spectra of Si doped GaN films grown by maskless epitaxial lateral overgrowth (MELO) are reported. The dislocation density in the wing region of the structure was 106 cm−2, while in the seed region it was 108 cm−2. The major electron traps present had activation energy of 0.56 eV and concentrations in the high 1015 cm−3 range. A comparison of diffusion length values and 0.56 eV trap concentration in MELO GaN and epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELOG) GaN showed a good correlation, suggesting these traps could be effective in carrier recombination. The doped MELO films were more uniform in their electrical properties than either ELOG films or undoped MELO films. We also discuss the differences in deep trap spectra and luminescence spectra of low-dislocation-density MELO, ELOG, and bulk n-GaN samples grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy. It is suggested that the observed differences could be caused by the differences in oxygen and carbon contamination levels.


Public health agencies generally have a small window to respond to burgeoning disease outbreaks in order to mitigate the potential impact. There has been significant interest in developing forecasting models that can predict how and where a disease will spread. However, since clinical surveillance systems typically publish data with a lag of two or more weeks, there is a need for complimentary data streams that can close this gap. We examined the usefulness of Google Trends search data for analyzing the 2016 Zika epidemic in Colombia and evaluating their ability to predict its spread. We calculated the correlation and the time delay between the reported case data and the Google Trends data using variations of the logistic growth model, and showed that the data sets were systematically offset from each other, implying a lead time in the Google Trends data. Our study showed how Internet data can potentially complement clinical surveillance data and may be used as an effective early detection tool for disease outbreaks.


BACKGROUND
Imprecise definitions of syncope and related conditions appear common in the medical literature. To investigate the scope of the problem we systematically searched for definitions in high-ranking medical journals.

METHODS
Literature review of articles on 'syncope', 'neurocardiogenic syncope', 'neurally mediated syncope', 'orthostatic intolerance', and 'orthostatic hypotension' with these keywords in the title, mainly published in the ten journals with the highest impact in the fields of cardiology, internal medicine, and neurology.

RESULTS
Syncope, neurocardiogenic syncope, neurally mediated syncope, orthostatic intolerance, and orthostatic hypotension were defined in only 41%, 34%, 26%, 38%, and 48% of papers respectively. Definitions, when given, differed considerably among papers. Orthostatic hypotension was most frequently defined, with an increase in number and consistency of definitions after publication of a consensus in 1996.

CONCLUSIONS
Syncope and related conditions proved to be infrequently and inconsistently defined in current medical literature. The lack of consistent terminology is likely to harm medical education, research, and patient care. There is a strong need for a systematic terminology for syncope and related conditions.


Climate change has been identified as one of the most important drivers of wildlife population dynamics. The in‐depth knowledge of the complex relationships between climate and population sizes through density dependent demographic processes is important for understanding and predicting population shifts under climate change, which requires integrated population models (IPMs) that unify the analyses of demography and abundance data. In this study we developed an IPM based on Gaussian approximation to dynamic N‐mixture models for large scale population data. We then analyzed four decades (1972–2013) of mallard Anas platyrhynchos breeding population survey, band‐recovery and climate data covering a large spatial extent from North American prairies through boreal habitat to Alaska. We aimed to test the hypothesis that climate change will cause shifts in population dynamics if climatic effects on demographic parameters that have substantial contribution to population growth vary spatially. More specifically, we examined the spatial variation of climatic effects on density dependent population demography, identified the key demographic parameters that are influential to population growth, and forecasted population responses to climate change. Our results revealed that recruitment, which explained more variance of population growth than survival, was sensitive to the temporal variation of precipitation in the southern portion of the study area but not in the north. Survival, by contrast, was insensitive to climatic variation. We then forecasted a decrease in mallard breeding population density in the south and an increase in the northwestern portion of the study area, indicating potential shifts in population dynamics under future climate change. Our results implied that different strategies need to be considered across regions to conserve waterfowl populations in the face of climate change. Our modelling approach can be adapted for other species and thus has wide application to understanding and predicting population dynamics in the presence of global change.