This paper addresses the problem of creating camouflage images. Such images typically contain one or more hidden objects embedded into a background image, so that viewers are required to consciously focus to discover them. Previous methods basically rely on hand-crafted features and texture synthesis to create camouflage images. However, due to lack of reliable understanding of what essentially makes an object recognizable, they typically result in either complete standout or complete invisible hidden objects. Moreover, they may fail to produce seamless and natural images because of the sensitivity to appearance differences. To overcome these limitations, we present a novel neural style transfer approach that adopts the visual perception mechanism to create camouflage images, which allows us to hide objects more effectively while producing natural-looking results. In particular, we design an attention-aware camouflage loss to adaptively mask out information that make the hidden objects visually standout, and also leave subtle yet enough feature clues for viewers to perceive the hidden objects. To remove the appearance discontinuities between the hidden objects and the background, we formulate a naturalness regularization to constrain the hidden objects to maintain the manifold structure of the covered background. Extensive experiments show the advantages of our approach over existing camouflage methods and state-of-the-art neural style transfer algorithms.


OBJECTIVE: This consensus document is an update of antiretroviral therapy (ART) recommendations for adult patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). METHODS: To formulate these recommendations, a panel composed of members of the Grupo de Estudio de Sida (GESIDA; AIDS Study Group) and the Plan Nacional sobre el Sida (PNS; Spanish AIDS Plan) reviewed the advances in the current understanding of the pathophysiology of HIV, the safety and efficacy findings from clinical trials, and the results from cohort and pharmacokinetic studies published in biomedical journals or presented at scientific meetings over the last years. Three levels of evidence were defined according to the source of the data: randomized studies (level A), cohort or case-control studies (level B), and expert opinion (level C). The decision to recommend, consider or not recommend ART was established in each situation. RESULTS: Currently, the treatment of choice for chronic HIV infection is the combination of three drugs of two different classes, including 2 nucleosides or nucleotide analogs (NRTI) plus 1 non-nucleoside (NNRTI) or 1 boosted protease inhibitor (PI/r). Initiation of ART is recommended in patients with symptomatic HIV infection. In asymptomatic patients, initiation of ART is recommended on the basis of CD4+ lymphocyte counts and plasma viral load, as follows: 1) therapy should be started in patients with CD4+ counts of 350 cells/microL. The initial objective of ART is to achieve an undetectable viral load. Adherence to therapy plays an essential role in maintaining the antiviral response. Therapeutic options are limited with the development of cross resistance and ART failure. Genotype studies are useful in these cases. More information regarding the studies analyzed and the panel recommendations for adherence, toxicity, treatment during pregnancy, patients with hepatitis B or C virus co-infection, and post-exposure prophylaxis can be accessed at www.gesida.seimc.org. CONCLUSIONS: CD4+ lymphocyte count is the most important reference factor for initiating ART in asymptomatic patients. The large number of available drugs, the increased sensitivity of tests to monitor viral load, and the ability to determine viral resistance is leading to a more individualized approach to therapy.


Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) implants and ranibizumab (RAN) injections in younger patients with macular edema due to branch retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in a 6-month follow-up. Methods: The treatment-naive patients with macular edema secondary to branch RVO were included retrospectively. Medical records of patients who were treated with intravitreal RAN or DEX implant were evaluated before and at the 1st, 3rd, and 6th months after the injection. Primary outcome measures were the change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness. The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05/3=0.016, according to the Bonferroni correction. Results: Thirty-nine eyes of 39 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the study population was 53.82±5.08 years. Median BCVA in the DEX group (n=23) at baseline, 1st, 3rd, and 6th month was 1.1, 0.80 (p=0.002), 0.70 (p=0.003), and 1 (p=0.018) logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (log-MAR), respectively (p<0.05). Median BCVA in the RAN group (n=16) at baseline, 1st, 3rd, and 6th months was 0.90, 0.61, 0.52, and 0.46 logMAR, respectively (p<0.016 for all comparisons). Median central macular thickness (CMT) in the DEX group at baseline, 1st, 3rd, and 6th months was 515, 260, 248, and 367 μm, respectively (p<0.016 for all comparisons). Median CMT in the RAN group at baseline, 1st, 3rd, and 6th months was 432.5 (p<0.016), 275 (p<0.016), 246 (p<0.016), and 338 (p=0.148) μm. Conclusion: There is no significant difference in treatment efficacies in both visual and anatomical outcomes at the end of the 6th month. However, RAN can be considered the first choice in younger patients with macular edema secondary to branch RVO because of the lower side effect profile.


The aim of this paper is to provide a model where altruism is determined endogenously. Altruism is an attitude that influences our actions toward other people. The model presented in this paper assumes that this influence also operates in the opposite direction via reciprocity: that is, people modify their altruism based on the actions of other agents. The paper uses a dynamic setup with two agents whose incomes are random. Depending on the incomes realized, transfers are made. These transfers convey information about the level of altruism of the donors. The agents use this information to adjust their own level of altruism. If the transfer received by an agent implies that the altruism level of the other agent is higher (lower) than that of the receiver, then the latter will increase (decrease) his level of altruism. This behavior induces a stochastic process for the levels of altruism. The long level of altruism is studied using both analytic and computer simulations tools.


Wide-field sub-millimetre surveys have driven many major advances in galaxy evolution in the past decade, but without extensive follow-up observations the coarse angular resolution of these surveys limits the science exploitation. This has driven the development of various analytical deconvolution methods. In the last half a decade Generative Adversarial Networks have been used to attempt deconvolutions on optical data. Here we present an autoencoder with a novel loss function to overcome this problem in the sub-millimeter wavelength range. This approach is successfully demonstrated on Herschel SPIRE 500 µ m COSMOS data, with the super-resolving target being the JCMT SCUBA-2 450 µ m observations of the same field. We reproduce the JCMT SCUBA-2 images with high fidelity using this autoencoder. This is quantified through the point source fluxes and positions, the completeness and the purity.


Broiler maintenance period can be divided into two periods of starter and finisher (Muwarni 2010). Phase starter occurs in the first two weeks which is a critical period of broiler, the brooding period, the most decisive period, to the growth of the next period (Zumrotun 2012).  House is an important part of broiler maintenance. There are two types of enclosure is closed house and open house. Closed house suitable for use in areas with temperatures above 35 ◦C (Trisanto 2015).The purpose of this writing is compare the performance of broiler in brooding between closed house and open house.


This paper looks at the phenomenon of ingressive speech, i.e. speech produced on a pulmonic ingressive airstream, set in the context of human and animal ingressive phonation. The literature on ingressive speech and phonation spanning several centuries is reviewed, as well as contemporary reports of their incidence and characteristics from both functional and acoustic perspectives. Ingressive phonation has been used as a deliberate means of speech or sound production for hundreds of years in order to achieve specific effects, and it is still used for the same purposes, by e.g. shamans and ventriloquists. In normal spoken conversation – contrary to what is often claimed – present-day ingressive speech is not limited to Scandinavia or Nordic languages, but is found on all continents, in genetically unrelated languages. Where ingressive speech occurs, it serves more or less the same paralinguistic functions, such as a feedback marker in a dialog. Since pulmonic ingressive phonation is also common in the calls of monkeys and apes, thus exhibiting a biological basis, it is suggested that ingressive speech might constitute a neglected universal phenomenon, rather than being highly marked, which is how it is commonly described in the literature.


The authors investigated the association between sex of the fetus and maternal airway lability among pregnant women with asthma. Data were prospectively collected among 702 pregnant women with a diagnosis of asthma who were recruited in southern New England between 1997 and 2000 and followed through pregnancy. Peak expiratory flow lability, defined as percent daily maximum minus the minimum divided by the mean, was assessed at enrollment and at 21, 29, and 37 weeks' gestation. There was a -9.9 percent (95 percent confidence interval: -19.4, -0.4) difference in airway lability observed between women carrying female fetuses and those carrying male fetuses. This difference persisted throughout pregnancy. Among pregnant asthmatic women, carrying a female fetus is associated with worse maternal asthma, as assessed by greater airway lability, than is carrying a male fetus.


The rationale for the use of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) as an anticancer agent is based on its ability to inhibit growth and promote differentiation of some neoplastic cells. However, RA is not effective in all conditions of cell culture, and in some cases, it may stimulate cell growth. We used a serum-free culture system to study the effect of RA on cell proliferation. Following 2 days of RA exposure, 9 of a total of 15 cell lines showed an inhibition of cell growth (RA-sensitive), while 6 of 15 cell lines showed resistance to RA (RA-resistant cells). Metabolic studies and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the cell-associated and medium extracts from cells incubated with [3H]RA revealed that all nine RA-sensitive cells showed a very high activity to metabolize RA to polar metabolites found in the medium. In sharp contrast, RA-resistant cells retained about 60% of the original RA at 76 h. However, conditioned medium from the sensitive cells was without activity on the growth of sensitive and resistant cells. We conclude that a relationship exists between RA inhibition of cell growth and intracellular RA metabolism. These data may help design useful strategies in cancer therapy by retinoids and dispel the notion that RA itself is responsible for the inhibition of cell growth.


Cis-diammineplatinum (II) benzene-polycarboxylic acids (CDBPA) is a new therapy of solid tumors without toxicity, mild and transient side-effects and an ability to improve quality of life. The underlying mechanism of action of CDBPA in Burkitt`s lymphoma was tested in vitro and its effect on tumor size and survival was tested in a NOD-scid mice model. BL cells and normal fibroblasts were exposed to CDBPA for cytotoxicity screening by XTT assay, followed by cell cycle arrest, determination of apoptosis using Flow Cytometry and by annexin V/FITC/PI assay. Protein level and Gene expression were tested by Western blotting analysis and by the Applied Biosystems® Tagman® Array Plates, respectively. We demonstrated that CDBPA significantly reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis via the extrinsic and the intrinsic apoptotic pathways of Burkitts lymphoma cells without causing cell cycle arrest but reduction of the various phases. Gene expression experiments indicated that CARD9, BNIP3(L), TNFRSF-1B, and TNFRSF-25 genes are highly expressed in Ramos BL cells following treatment with CDBPA. CDBPA exerted a strong apoptotic cell death. A gene expression profile analysis has been performed and the results indicated that CBPDA is significantly increased the expression of five genes: CARD9, BNIP, TNFRSF-1B, TNFRSF25 and TNF-alpha, that have an important role in induction of apoptosis. This means that apoptosis is induced by NFκB in two ways. The survival period of mice treated with subcutaneous CDBPA was longer than that of mice treated with vehicle or R-CHOP. Tumor size was significantly reduced after 2 weeks of treatment with CDBPA. CDBPA, possesses strong in vitro and in vivo activity against Ramos cells, representing a potential approach for therapy of Burkitt lymphoma.


This paper deals harmonics, reactive power and unbalanced load current compensation of a Diesel Generator set for an isolated system using the control of Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM). Least Mean Square Based Adaptive Linear Element (ADALINE) method is used for the control of DSTATCOM. In order to extract balanced positive sequence real fundamental frequency component of the load current an ADALINE is used and in order to maintain a constant voltage at the dc-bus of a voltage-source converter (VSC) and to obtain a fast dynamic response a proportional-integral (PI) controller is used and are working as a DSTATCOM. Switching of Voltage Source Converter is achieved by using hysteresis-based Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) control. This scheme is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK for linear, nonlinear and Brushless DC (BLDC) motor loads. Results are given to verify the effectiveness of the control of DSTATCOM for the load compensation of the DG-SET.


The use of English as a medium of instruction (EMI) in higher education is considered a vehicle in non-English speaking countries for the purpose of internationalization, enhancing students' employability, and international competition. Many higher education institutions in Europe adapted their curriculum and started teaching in English, while enrolling international students from Erasmus programs and non-European countries. This study builds on an EMI course set within a Belgian university. Six L2 (English as a second Language) students were interviewed to identify and explore their motivation, difficulties, and instructional support as it relates to their spoken interaction during the class. The findings revealed that: (1) students' motivation and Willingness To Communicate (WTC) during L2 spoken interaction was related to their English language self-efficacy, the study topic, and the learning environment; (2) students' spoken interaction seemed restricted due to difficulties including academic language use, understanding the academic content, and their attitudes towards the learning activity; and (3) instructional support, namely, social-emotional, cognitive and language support, was perceived by students to boost their WTC and confidence to be involved in spoken interaction.


Due to the presence of metals having immunotropic activity in the environmental objects, the authors analyzed the level and structure of morbidity due to immunodeficiency states in the context of micro-regions. It may be stated with sufficient assurance that the combined influence of environmental chemical factors leads to immunodeficiency states, in the presence of which the risk of allergic diseases and other immunodeficiencies increases.


The increase of the internet traffic leads to future optical networks requiring tens of Tb/s of capacity. Current electronic circuit switches are limited by the scalability of the electronic switching fabrics, power consumption and dissipation in the opto- electronic conversion. All-optical packet switches may solve the bottleneck between the required capacity and the routing speed. All-optical header processing systems (AOHPS) is a key function in implementing the all-optical packet switch. The book focuses on AOPHS solutions based on nonlinear gain and index dynamics in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA). One approach is based on two-pulse correlation principles in SOAs combined with a header pre-processor for recognizing a large amount of packet headers. Another approach employs the self-induced nonlinear polarization rotation in SOAs. This has the advantage to reduce drastically the optical powers of operation. A third AOHPS employs a terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexers (TOADs), which has the advantage to be made compact and thus allows the photonic integration of the system. Finally a comparison between the different techniques is reported.


This paper maintains that the media is involved in all stages of foreign policy formulation processes and that political leaders take the media into consideration in its national and international aspects. Moreover, the paper argues that this double-edged media environment is considered mainly in the publication, or media management stage. The involvement of the media in this decision-making process is complex. When an external, international event occurs, political leaders learn about it from the media. This information is processed through various image components and than the policy or decision- formulating process is set in motion. Media advisors and PR professionals participate in the process, officials consult with them and consider their advice. Finally, they take the media into account when they define their policy and match to it the appropriate media tools. Past studies of foreign policy decision-making neglected to deal with this complex role of the media. They described the media (if at all) as one of the channels of informing leaders of international events, as input for the decision-making process. Actual reality demonstrates that this perspective minimizes the place of the media and therefore it should be dealt theoretically as well as in applied research case studies using a more complex approach emphasizing the crucial role of the media in foreign policy. The paper develops and presents a framework for the analysis of foreign policy decision-making which tries to compensate for some of the flaws of existing models in the field, incorporating the complex processes of media input into decision-making, as well as reflecting the role of the press and TV in the formulation stage of policy-making.


Little is known about the mandrill Mandrillus sphinx in the wild. It is an elusive primate and thus difficult to study in its rain-forest habitat in equatorial Africa. As human pressure on its habitat grows it has become increasingly urgent to discover more about the species so that appropriate conservation measures can be planned. The author made a 15-month study of the mandrill in Gabon and discovered that it was not as widely distributed as had been believed. Although it is threatened by hunting pressure and habitat disruption, populations still remain and five reserves protect some of these.


This study examined the relationship between leadership and knowledge management in Pan-Asia International School. The hypothesis of this study is that there is a significant relationship between leadership style and knowledge management. The study included a sample of 35 teachers from a population of 49 teachers in this International School. Questionnaires were used as the research instruments to collect the demographic profile and to measure leadership style and knowledge management. Therefore, the research design of this study is quantitative. Descriptive method was used to identify leadership style of administrators and knowledge management of school and Pearson's Product Correlation method was used to examine the relation of leadership style and knowledge management. According to the major research findings of this study, the teachers from PAIS perceived that their administrators have high transformational leadership style and they tend to agree that they perceive school knowledge managements. Moreover, regarding the relationship between total average of two leadership styles and knowledge management, the research finding showed that transformational leadership style is positively and significantly related to the knowledge management (p < 0.05).


Case studies have been used as a pedagogical method for nearly a century. The case-study method provides numerous benefits for students, encouraging problem-solving, perspective taking, reflecting, and strategizing. After a semester of reading and discussing published case studies, the purpose of this assignment is to have students write and analyze their own case studies based on their organizational experiences. This assignment blends theory and application, helps students engage in important sensemaking about their experiences, and calls on them to contribute knowledge and content to the course. Variations, debriefing prompts, and an assignment appraisal are included.


A 46-year-old female, otherwise healthy, developed erythematous, pseudotumoral nodules, mainly on the hands; biopsies led to the diagnosis of Woringer-Kolopp disease. Anti-anergic chemotherapy with levamisole proved hazardous but, possibly, beneficial. Classification into benign localized, fatal generalized and intermediate disease is briefly commented upon. Differential diagnosis and tumor origin are discussed; while the Merkel cell hypothesis has been recently advanced strong analogies and slight discrepancies with mycosis fungoides advocate the T cell lymphoma theory.


This paper presents a computational modeling approach for negative effects simulation of visual distraction while driving a car. In order to investigate these effects, an experiment was firstly implemented on a driving simulator. Twenty participants were invited to perform a car following task in different driving conditions (12 driving scenarios), with or without a secondary task of visual distraction. Empirical data collected through this experiment show that visual distraction negatively impacts the driving performance at both perceptive and behavioral levels, and then increase the risk of having a crash. Beyond these effects on the observable performance, the aim of this study is also to investigate and simulate these distractive effects on mental models of the road environment. Indeed, driver's decisions and behaviors are based on a temporal-spatial mental model, corresponding to the driver's situation awareness (SA). This mental representation must be permanently updated by perceptive information extracted from the road scene to be efficient. In case of visual distraction requiring off-road scanning, mental model updating is imperfectly done and driver's actions are thus based on a mental representation that can dramatically differ from the situational reality, in case of a critical change in the traffic conditions (e.g. sudden braking of the lead car). From these empirical results, a computational model (named COSMODRIVE for COgnitive Simulation MOdel of the DRIVEr) was implemented for simulating visual distraction effects and human errors risks at perceptive (visual scanning changes) cognitive (erroneous Situation Awareness) and behavioral levels (late reaction time and crash risk increasing).


Conference Introduction

The Second International Conference for Creative Pattern Cutting' has been generously sponsored by fashion and apparel solutions specialist Lectra. The overriding theme of the conference is to provide a platform to develop ideas as well as continue reinforcing notions of what constitutes practice based enquiry and the value of tacit knowledge (in this case creative pattern cutting), within a research context. The cut and construction of clothing, which embellishes the human body is the overarching discourse. The papers presented here continue to emphasise how we shouldn't underestimate tacit knowledge and the making process as a form of enquiry. The conference is streamed into four definitive themes, which investigate digital technology, eco-sustainable, pedagogical and fashioned approaches to creative pattern cutting and give researchers and practitioners a platform to share new techniques, ideas and direction with their peers in education and industry.
One of the prevailing themes in this year's conference is the value of "learning by doing" (active learning) and the art of reflection. This has been embedded into all the tracks through professional practice, pedagogical developments and engaging research. The networks developed through the conference underpin some of the strengths of peer learning and moving forward the benefits of interdisciplinarity as a means of creative leading to the introduction of new skills, epistemologies, and creative impact leading to a new era in
fashion design.

Conference Organisers:

Dr. Kevin Almond

Dr. Jess Power


This thesis defines the notion of a μ-basis for an arbitrary number of polynomials in one variable. The properties of these μ-bases are derived, and a straightforward algorithm is provided to calculate a μ-basis for any collection of univariate polynomials. Systems where base points are present are also discussed. μ-bases are then applied to solve implicitization, inversion and intersection problems for rational space curves.
Next, a natural one to one correspondence is derived between the singular points of rational planar curves and the axial moving lines that follow these curves. This correspondence is applied together with μ-bases to compute and to analyze all the singular points of low degree rational planar curves.


Quantity and quality of water is needed along with the increase of population, the increasing change of agricultural land function and tourism development in Bali. This means that the need for domestic and non-domestic water will also increase, thus research on water quality in river estuary, water resources for water and land conservation in Gianyar regency of Bali province is indispensable for sustainability of water supply in terms of water quantity and quality, river area, and water management and land allotment in accordance with existing watershed conditions in Gianyar regency of Bali province in order to reduce land conversion change (Gianyar in figures 2010-2015) and village nomography. Raw Water Distribution (SPAB) in the downstream of Petanu river with SWOT analysis beginning to be managed by indigenous society and based environment. Research method used is quantitative research. This research used primary data in the form of water quality and water quantity data in downstream of Petanu River, population in coastal area of Gianyar Regency, topography data, bathymetry in coastal area of Gianyar Regency, and environmental condition of downstream of Petanu river. The downstream water potential streaming is designed using WATERNET software which is then applied to the Raw Water Flow System in the downstream area of the Petanu river which will be managed by indigenous villagers. The results of this study resulted in water quality at the mouth of the river for odor, color, taste, temperature, turbidity, pH and detergent meet quality standards, while salinity, BOD and COD as well as total coliform does not meet the quality standard, class I. The simulation result from WATERNET shows that the discharge of the river amounted to 20 million m3/year can be utilized for industrial water (hotel) 1,636 rooms, for domestic water 98,181 inhabitant, for 2.33 ha pool water managed by indigenous villagers for the coastal society of Saba Gianyar Regency.


A struggling young soap opera actress is offered a role on a prime time show on another network.1 Unfortunately, she has over two years left on her network contract, and that contract contains a noncompetition clause: if she terminates the contract, she cannot appear on any competing network for six months. However, just as opportunity is packing its bags, the actress talks to her attorney, who tells her that she can get around the restriction in her contract by, of all things, filing for bankruptcy. Under current case law, whether the attorney is a hero or a heel depends in large measure on where the bankruptcy petition is filed.2 Whether bankruptcy should offer such an escape is the subject of this Comment. It examines whether and when bankruptcy should defeat a nondebtor's right to enforce a covenant not to compete against an individual debtor.3 The current treatment of covenants not to compete in bankruptcy law is at best a tricky, and at worst an incoherent, business. The issue of bankruptcy's effect on covenants not to compete arises most frequently when a trustee rejects an executory contract4 under ? 365 of the Bankruptcy Code (the


A pilot-scale aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) was operated for 6.5 months, alongside a full-sized conventional activated sludge (AS) plant, treating high-strength domestic wastewater originating from Sfax in Tunisia. The main target was to investigate whether or not the MBR could produce effluent suitable for unrestricted crop irrigation in Tunisia, a target that the AS plant fails to achieve. Membrane performance analysis and energy benchmarking were also carried out. The MBR did produce irrigation quality water regardless of the mixed-liquor suspended solids (MLSS) or feed concentrations. The average chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was 88% at an average MLSS concentration of 4.59 g L−1, and 89.7% at an average MLSS concentration of 9.52 g L−1. During membrane performance evaluation, a maximum sustainable membrane permeate flux of 12.81 L m−2 h−1, at an average mixed-liquor temperature of 24 °C and an average MLSS concentration of 9.21 g L−1 was maintained. Finally, energy benchmarking was carried out; the average energy consumption rate was 8.95 kWh d−1, corresponding to an average specific energy demand (SED) of 3.82 kWh m−3. This is a relatively high value compared to the AS plant, whose SED value is always lower than 3 kWh m−3, but further energy reduction is possible for the MBR as well as the AS plant effluent requires further treatment in order to be acceptable for unrestricted human crop irrigation; hence, additional energy input. The work demonstrates the potential impact of MBRs in decentralised domestic wastewater treatment in North Africa.


In the present work, carbon nanofibers (CNF) were dispersed into polycarbonate (PP) with an injection molding machine. The effect of the injection conditions on the electrical resistance of carbon nanofiber/polycarbonate (CNF/PC) nanocomposites was investigated. It was found that the surface resistance decreased with the increase of injection speed and injection temperature. The surface electrical resistance was affected by the particle size and dispersion of CNF, the effect of depth on surface resistance of the composites was studied, the surface electrical resistance sharply increased from the material surface to the internal at first, after that, a decreased slowly was observed. The effect of surface roughness on surface electrical resistance was also studied, the composite with a low surface resistance was greatly influenced when surface roughness changed, while there was not a same phenomenon when the composites have a high surface resistance.


Based on Compilation of the Islamic Law, giving a hibah must be approved by the giver's heirs and it not more than 1/3 of his property. If the other heirs feel that they are harmed, they can file a complaint to the ReligiousCourtto cancel the hibah.This is in line with Article 210, paragraph 2 of KHI.A Notary/PPAT is not responsible for an authentic certificate which has been made without the approval of one of the heirs if it is beyond his knowledge that there is another heir who does not approve of it, or the data are forged by keeping the existence of the heir secret, or one of the persons appearing is not the real person. However, if he knows that one of the heirs does not approve of it and the Notary is proved to attach falsified information, the Notarial/PPAT deed is legally cancelled and the Notary is responsible for his criminal act according to Articles 264, 266, 55 and 56 of the Penal Code. Judges' legal consideration of the Verdict of the Religious Court No. 207/Pdt.G/2013/PA.Stb is by considering evidence that the hibah is not made authentically and the witnesses' testimony states that hibah is not contributed to the other heirs, the consideration was that the heir has the right on the case object, based on his share.


Three controlled crosses were carried out involving Mentha arvensis and Mentha spicata [M. spicata CIMAP/C30 x M. spicata CIMAP/C33 (cv. Neera); M. arvensis CIMAP/C18 x CIMAP/C17 (cv. Kalka); and M. arvensis CIMAP/C17 x M. spicata CIMAP/C33]. The parents were subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis with 80 primers, and polymorphic primers were tested for detecting coinherited RAPD profiles among the progeny of these crosses. Of 50 seedlings tested from each intraspecific cross, all demonstrated dominant profiles with the selected RAPD primers except the detected hybrid from respective crosses. Coinherited markers could be detected with the primers OPJ 01, MAP 06, OPT 08, and OPO 20 for M. arvensis; OPJ 05, OPJ 14, OPO 19, and OPT 09 for M. spicata; and OPJ 07, OPJ 10, OPJ 11, OPJ 14, and OPO 02 for the cross M. arvensis x M. spicata. In our amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, 40 coinherited marker fragments were identified for the cross involving M. arvensis, 32 for the cross involving M. spicata, and 41 for the interspecific cross between M. arvensis and M. spicata. In all crosses, similarity values between the parents were less than those between the parents and the hybrids. Although RAPD markers are generally considered dominant, it is possible to identify a few codominant markers that behave like restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. This molecular marker system may be helpful in rapidly screening out hybrids in crops where cross-pollination is a problem.


This paper introduces a new argument to the debate about the role of environmental taxes in modern tax systems. Some environmental taxes, particularly taxes on gasoline or electricity, are more difficult to evade than taxes on labor or income. When the tax base is shifted in a revenue-neutral manner toward these environmental taxes, the result is a net reduction in the amount of tax evasion. Using a carbon tax as a motivating example, the "tax evasion effect" is shown to sharply reduce the welfare cost of controlling emissions. A simple computable general equilibrium model suggests that the impact of considering tax evasion can be large: costs are lowered by 28% in the United States, by 89% in China, and by 97% in India. In countries with high levels of pre-existing tax evasion, a carbon tax will pay for itself through improvements in the efficiency of the tax system.


ABSTRACT Hate-postings are an example of cyberhate that can happen among students in a school. However, no study to date has ever investigated this phenomenon from the perspectives of teachers and almost nothing is known about it in the school setting. Teachers (N= 130, 83% female) reported their knowledge, attitudes, and likely responses to a hypothetical hate-posting incident in which a student was devaluated, insulted and verbally harassed online because of his country of origin and religious affiliation, in addition to giving information about several school level variables. Based on answers to the 22 items of the newly developed handling hate-posting questionnaire (HHPQ), six teacher responses were identified with exploratory factor analysis. Teachers would most often alert other colleagues, followed by using victim-oriented rehabilitating strategies , working with the perpetrators' parents, applying authority-based sanctions, seeking help from external professionals, and they would rather not ignore the incident. Different individual and school level variables predicted these responses. Teachers who had higher levels of moral disengagement and who reported that there were no school-wide guidelines were more likely to ignore the incident. Implications for the prevention of cyberhate are discussed.


This paper presents a distributed Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm in order to detect malicious software (malware) on a network of mobile devices. The light-weight system monitors mobile user activity in a distributed and privacy-preserving way using a statistical classification model which is evolved by training with examples of both normal usage patterns and unusual behavior. The system is evaluated using the MIT reality mining data set. The results indicate that the distributed learning system trains quickly and performs reliably. Moreover, it is robust against failures of individual components.


Abstract  We evaluated the effects of FK506, at doses of 0.2, 2, and 5 mg/kg/day, on the response to nerve grafts implanted in outbred mice. A 6 mm long segment of the sciatic nerve was transected and repaired by autograft (the same segment resected), allograft (from another mouse), or xenograft (from a rat nerve). The regenerating nerves were harvested after 3 weeks and studied under light and electron microscope. Allografts of animals treated with the 5 mg/kg/day dose of FK506 appeared similar to those from autografts, demonstrating an equivalent number of myelinated fibers. In mice treated with the 2 mg/kg/day dose, regeneration was slightly hindered, as indicated by the reduced number of myelinated fibers. In contrast, in mice given a 0.2 mg/kg/day dose of FK506, allografts were not different from untreated allografts; both groups showed a marked rejection response with only few unmyelinated axons and no myelinated fibers. Xenografts showed a more severe rejection than allografts, with a marked inflammatory cell reaction throughout the graft. In contrast, in mice treated with the 5 mg/kg/day dose, xenografts exhibited a mild cell reaction and a greater number of regenerated myelinated fibers. In conclusion, effective axonal regeneration is achieved with FK506 administration at doses of 5 mg/kg/day through allografts and, partially, through xenografts.


Metal nanoparticles (NP) encapsulated by metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are novel composite materials that have shown promise as regioselective catalysts. The regioselectivity in these materials arises from steric constraints imposed by the porous MOF structure, which limit the way molecules approach and interact with the metal surface. Here we introduce a conceptually simple DFT approach to model reactions under such steric constraints. This approach is computationally efficient and accounts for the steric constraints imposed by a MOF pore in a general way. The adsorption of reactants, intermediates, and products associated with oxidation of n-butane to 1-butanol (and 2-butanol) on clean and oxygen-covered palladium surfaces is investigated with (and without) the constraints of a pore. Reaction energies are calculated, and we find that the thermodynamic favorability of the intermediate reactions is affected by the presence of steric constraints, oxygen coverage, and the exposed crystal surface of the metal. Based on these results, the Pd(111) surface with 0.25 ML oxygen coverage and steric constraints (which could be provided by a suitable MOF) seems promising to favor the desired sequence of reactions that would lead to the conversion of n-butane to 1-butanol.


This paper proposes a generic methodology for combined cycle gas turbines (CCGT) modeling. The main objectives are the estimation of the CO2 emissions for specific units and their integration in an environmental power dispatch that considers several plants. At first a design procedure aims at calibrating the model using the sparse information advised by the manufactures. Off-design points are also investigated in order to estimate the CO2 emissions on the whole operating range of the units. The obtained results show a good consistency with the emission coefficients found in the literature for that type of units. Then those carbon costs are used as input parameters for a unit commitment problem (UC). The Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation minimizes the global emissions for a set of different units on Jurong Island in Singapore. The grid emission factor finally obtained for the simulated network displays values close to the registered field data which validates the developed model.


In this paper, we present a new MTL framework that searches for structures optimized for multiple tasks with diverse graph topologies and shares features among tasks. We design a restricted DAG-based central network with read-in/read-out layers to build topologically diverse task-adaptive structures while limiting search space and time. We search for a single optimized network that serves as multiple task adaptive sub-networks using our three-stage training process. To make the network compact and discretized, we propose a flow-based reduction algorithm and a squeeze loss used in the training process. We evaluate our optimized network on various public MTL datasets and show ours achieves state-of-the-art performance. An extensive ablation study experimentally validates the effectiveness of the sub-module and schemes in our framework.


The clearness index for hourly and daily radiation is an important parameter in describing solar radiation. Liu and Jordan demonstrated that the monthly average daily clearness index could be used to predict the long-term distribution of daily solar radiation in a month. This paper reviews recent literature on the prediction of hourly and daily frequency distributions and cumulative frequency distributions of clearness indices. Ten years of measured weather data for six cities in the U.S. are used to investigate the nature of the hourly and daily frequency distributions. A second set of ten years of data for six cities is used to verify the predictions. A bi-exponential probability density function is proposed that fits the observed bimodal nature of the data better than existing models. A case is made for the function being universal.


Software Defined Networking (SDN) and cloud automation enable a large number of diverse parties (network operators, application admins, tenants/end-users) and control programs (SDN Apps, network services) to generate network policies independently and dynamically. Yet existing policy abstractions and frameworks do not support natural expression and automatic composition of high-level policies from diverse sources. We tackle the open problem of automatic, correct and fast composition of multiple independently specified network policies. We first develop a high-level Policy Graph Abstraction (PGA) that allows network policies to be expressed simply and independently, and leverage the graph structure to detect and resolve policy conflicts efficiently. Besides supporting ACL policies, PGA also models and composes service chaining policies, i.e., the sequence of middleboxes to be traversed, by merging multiple service chain requirements into conflict-free composed chains. Our system validation using a large enterprise network policy dataset demonstrates practical composition times even for very large inputs, with only sub-millisecond runtime latencies.


Berkshire Hathaway's reporting practices are different than those of other American public companies. Bershire Hathaway provides separate and additional summary accounting statements which are not in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, provides look-through earnings that include the pro-rata share of portfolio companies, and explicitly discusses the relationship between economic realities and accounting conventions. Why is this style of reporting, which provides additional information to shareholders, so atypical? Possible answers include legal risks, job insecurity among managers, and the desire to protect strategically important information. As to the last two, Berkshire Hathaway is atypically situated. Even though uncommon, its style of reporting appears to have worked for Bershire Hathaway. Although it is very similar to a closed-end investment company, it sells at a premium to net asset value unlike most closed-end investment companies. Other issuers might benefit from emulating a reporting style that treats shareholders as grown ups and partners.


BACKGROUND
Premature menopause, also termed premature ovarian failure (POF), is characterized by cessation of menstruation before the age of 40 years. Little information is available on the general prevalence of POF or on the prevalence by ethnic group. There is also a lack of information on the association of POF with health indicators.

METHODS
A cross-sectional survey of women aged 40-55 years was conducted at seven sites in the USA to determine eligibility for a community-based, multi-ethnic longitudinal study of the peri-menopause (The Study of Women Across the Nation, SWAN). Interview data were used to (i). determine the prevalence of self-reported POF overall and by ethnic group, and (ii). assess the association of POF with selected self-reported variables related to health. Cases of POF included only women with no discernible cause for POF.

RESULTS
POF was reported by 1.1% (126/11 652) of women. By ethnicity, 1.0% (95% CI, 0.7-1.4) of Caucasian, 1.4% (95% CI, 1.0-2.1) of African American, 1.4% (95% CI, 0.8-2.5) of Hispanic, 0.5% (95% CI, 0.1-1.9) of Chinese and 0.1% (95% CI, 0.02-1.1) of Japanese women experienced POF. The differences in frequency across ethnic groups were statistically significant (P = 0.01). Only Caucasian, African American and Hispanic women were included in further analyses since too few Asian women had POF. In a multivariate model, POF was independently associated with osteoporosis, female hormone use (excluding oral contraceptives), higher body mass index (BMI) and current smoking after adjustment for education level, ability to pay for basics, site and age at interview. In Caucasian women, use of female hormones, osteoporosis, severe disability and smoking were significantly associated with POF. In contrast, POF in African American women was associated with higher BMI and female hormone use, but not osteoporosis.

CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of POF appears to vary by ethnicity. Health factors associated with POF also vary by ethnicity but because of the cross-sectional study design, it is not possible to determine cause and effect relationships. Health risks of POF would benefit from further study.


Background & aim: The high incidence and poor prognosis of the lung cancer makes it aa a major health problem in the last few decades. Determination of frequency of different histopathology types of primary lung cancer has great importance in creating integrated treatment programs and recognized the effective factors causing the disease. Overexpression of MMPs has a direct relation with invasion and metastasis of malignant tumors in different tissues. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of MMP-2 gene promoter polymorphism with lung cancer and metastases in patients with lung cancer and compared with the control groups by the PCR-RFLP method. Methods: In the present case-control study, The MMP-2 polymorphisms were analyzed by restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) in 50 patients with lung cancer and 77 cohort sample. All samples were taken under supervision of a physician. DNA isolation was performed using DNA extraction kit (Cinnagen, Iran). MMP9 gene was amplified by specific primers and PCR product was digested with FSPBI restriction enzyme. Data were analysis using Chi square by the SPSS software. Results: The examination of allelic and genotypic distribution in patients with lung cancer and control showed that the allele frequency of C and T in patients with lung cancer were 90 and 10% (P=0.04) and in the control were 80.15 and 30% (P=0.05) respectively. Also genotype frequency of CC, CT and TT in patients with lung cancer were 82, 16 and 2 (P=0.05) and in the control were 69.93, 31.16, 3.1 percentage respectively (P=0.5). No significant difference was seen in comparison of genotype groups in non-metastatic and control. Comparison of homozygous CC genotype and control were confirmed the direct involvement of c allele in metastasis Conclusion: It seems that individuals with C allele can increase susceptibility to lung cancer. Also these findings indicate that CC genotype as a risk factor facilitating the spread of metastasis of lung cancer.


A. Introduction An understanding of the metabolic response to injury is of basic importance to medicine. It is the aim of this paper to present some known facts about the mechanism and significance of some of the metabolic reactions to injury and to point out a few of the gaps in our information which seem to us susceptible to present-day research techniques. The usual features of the early metabolic response to injury of previously normal patients may be summarized as follows: increased heat production; weight loss; negative nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus balances; disturbed carbohydrate utilization; tendency to ketosis; retention of sodium, chloride, and water, and a derangement in the metabolism of watersoluble vitamins. These changes are also usually accompanied by involution of lymphoid tissue and thymus, lymphopenia and eosinopenia, leukocytosis, adrenal cortical hypertrophy with associated depletion of cholesterol and ascorbic acid, and an increase in certain adrenal hormones (medullary and


Current trends in health care system hiring practices make it clear that new graduates need to consider additional alternatives for a successful job search in this highly competitive environment. Nurse executives, recruiters, human resource directors and faculty can help new graduates to find jobs, even during this period of tight job market. Strategies that executives, recruiters and faculty can use are discussed in this article.


While big data (BD) has been around for a while now, the social sciences have been comparatively cautious in its adoption for research purposes. This article briefly discusses the scope and variety of BD, and its research potential and ethical implications for the social sciences and sociology, which derive from these characteristics. For example, BD allows for the analysis of actual (online) behavior and the analysis of networks on a grand scale. The sheer volume and variety of data allow for the detection of rare patterns and behaviors that would otherwise go unnoticed. However, there are also a range of ethical issues of BD that need consideration. These entail, amongst others, the imperative for documentation and dissemination of methods, data, and results, the problems of anonymization and re-identification, and the questions surrounding the ability of stakeholders in big data research and institutionalized bodies to handle ethical issues. There are also grave risks involved in the (mis)use of BD, as it holds great value for companies, criminals, and state actors alike. The article concludes that BD holds great potential for the social sciences, but that there are still a range of practical and ethical issues that need addressing.


The revision of SFAS No. 123 (SFAS No. 123R, FASB 2004) requires companies to recognize the fair value of employee stock options. In addition, nonpublic companies will no longer be permitted to assume stock price volatility of zero when calculating the fair value of their stock options. This study finds that the zero volatility assumption allowed under the original version of SFAS No. 123 (FASB 1995) resulted in an average estimated fair value of options that was $1.06 (40 percent) less than the fair value calculated using a peer group volatility estimate for firms undergoing an initial public offering (IPO). However, IPO firms that estimated their volatility underreported option values by an even larger magnitude than the group using the zero volatility assumption. Perhaps these firms reported a downward‐biased estimate of volatility to inhibit analysts from computing option values using more reasonable volatility estimates. Contrary to the findings for public companies, we find that a large percentage o...


This paper presents experimental investigations of a straight high pressure turbine cas-cade with main focus on the transition location. The design of the turbine blade intends to stabilize the boundary layer in the acceleration region to achieve a laminar boundary layer at the shockwave boundary layer interaction. The indispensable usage of film cool-ing in a high pressure turbine upstream of the interaction zone can influence this flow regime. The experimental investigations were performed at the Wind Tunnel for Straight Cascades (EGG), Gottingen. The investigations were conducted at different Mach num-bers and coolant mass flow ratios. Presented are results of infrared and hotfilm-sensor measurements to detect the boundary layer state. The flow field is shown by applying Schlieren technique, pressure taps and unsteady pressure sensitive paint. The results of this investigation will reveal the influence of the cooling on the transition location with respect to different Mach numbers.


Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major causative agent of cervical cencer and a number of human cancers. The high‐risk types can be detected in more than 90% of cervical cancer, of which HPV16 is the most common found. The virus establishes a latent infection in basal epithelial cells in which the viral genomes can be stably maintained as extrachromosomal DNA for decades before the development of cancer. Several attempts have been made in bovine papillomavirus (BPV) to understand how the virus can maintain its genome at constant copy numbers in dividing cells. The viral protein E2 has been proposed to serve as a molecular linker that tethers the viral genome to host chromosomes. However, there is a great deal of dispartities between BPV and HPV with respect to variations of E2 binding pattern, cellular targets, and number of E2 binding sites within their genomes. It is unclear whether HPV utilizes the same maintenance mechanism. Papillomaviruses utilize two viral factors, E1, a DNA helicase, and E2, a transcriptional activator and auxiliary replication factor for replication and DNA maintenance in host cells. However, previous studies in yeast and findings reported here demonstrated that HPV16 can replicate independently of the viral E1 and E2 proteins. It was also shown that HPV16 possibly contains alternate origin of replication outside the LCR region that relies entirely on cellular replication proteins. In this study, we further identified cis‐elements and trans‐acting factors that are required for HPV genome maintenance during persistent infection. Two distinct regions have been mapped as maintenance elements as they provided DNA stability in mammalian cells in the absence of any viral proteins. We found three nonamer sites (TTAGGGTTA) which resemble telomeric repeats on the cis‐maintenance elements within the late region and observed altered expression of proteins associated with telomeric repeats in HPV16 immortalized cells. The telomere binding proteins such as telomeric repeat binding factors 1(TRF1),TRF2, TRF2‐interacting protein hRAP, the telomere‐associated poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (tankyrase) were previously found on EBV latent origin of replication and contributed to episomal maintenance. These observations motivated us to hypothesize that HPV16 has evolved similar mechanism to maintain its genome in host cells. Using ChIP assay, we found that TRF2, protection of telomere 1 (POT1) and a RecQ helicase WRN bound to the putative binding sites within HPV16 genome. Deletion mutations of TRF binding sites altered the plasmid maintenance activity suggesting the implication of these binding sites as well …


The effort to push the electric vehicle development worldwide is continuously rising. Production sites for electric vehicle components are built, billions are invested to create new battery electric vehicle concepts (BEV) and new players are entering the market. The information systems of electric vehicles (EVIS) need to cope with a variety of new features that are related to changes of vehicle components and driving behavior, but also with changes and new systems that are silently introduced into the vehicles. Sustainability, mobility concepts and smart mobility are just a few points out of many that can be attributed to the "silent" category. With this workshop, we continue to bring together researchers, designers and practitioners to explore the related field and generate a state of the art perspective on EVIS.


We have investigated inhibitory mechanisms of hypoxic activation of HIF-1alpha by nitric oxide (NO). Using a Hep3B cell-derived cell line, HRE7 cells, we found that the inhibition of HIF-1alpha activity by NO requires a substantial amount of oxygen, albeit at a lower level. We further investigated the effect of NO on the binding activity of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL) to the N-terminal activation domain (NAD) overlapping the oxygen-dependent degradation domain (ODD) of HIF-1alpha, because this reaction involves prolyl hydroxylation in NAD that requires oxygen. Although we could not detect any binding activity when NAD was incubated with whole cell extracts from cells treated with CoCl(2) or desferrioxamine, the binding capacity was manifested when Hep3B cells were treated together with NO. This activation was also observed when whole cell extracts from CoCl(2)-treated cells were incubated with NO. The prolyl hydroxylase from Hep3B cells treated with CoCl(2) was partially purified about 80-fold, and several enzymatic properties were examined. The enzyme required ferrous ion and 2-oxoglutaric acid. Strong activation of the prolyl hydroxylase by NO was observed without further addition of ferrous ion.


Background Acupuncture and other modalities of Chinese/East Asian medicine have been used to treat women's health for many centuries. Gynecology specialties focus particularly on menstrual and reproductive disorders. Both the adoption of the use of acupuncture outside Asia, and the incorporation of scientific analysis in Asia have challenged biomedical conceptions of what can be achieved with this treatment method. The scale of research activity in relation to acupuncture and women's health has increased over the last 20 years. Objective This review aims to explore the research evidence in relation to acupuncture use for women's reproductive disorders, focusing on both clinical findings and experimental research on acupuncture's mechanisms of action in relation to women's health. Methods A narrative literature search was undertaken using searches of electronic databases and manual searches of journals and textbooks. The search included all literature published prior to June 2013. The literature was assessed as to the nature of the study it was reporting and findings synthesized into a commentary. Results For acupuncture's mechanism of action the search resulted in 114 relevant documents; in relation to clinical reports on the use of acupuncture for women's health 204 documents were found and assessed. Conclusion There is preliminary data indicating acupuncture may improve menstrual health and coping for women experiencing delays falling pregnant. There is experimental data showing that acupuncture can influence female reproductive functioning, although the actual mechanisms involved are not yet clarified. Further well-conducted clinical research would benefit our understanding of the usefulness of acupuncture to women's health.


The Brazilian Stroke Society constituted a committee composed by specialists from different areas of Brazil that emitted a viewpoint called "National Opinion", in a consensus pattern. The study purpose is to guide and offer subsidies for diagnosis and therapeutical plans for different situations in cerebrovascular disease The present article analyzes "carotid disease in the acute phase of stroke", approaching separately the following topics: methods for detection of carotid stenosis in acute phase; when and how intervene on the carotid during the acute phase; clinical treatment and inflammatory markers. Comments based on literature and participants personal opinion are described, and conclusion are the group opinion.


Using polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) materials for ruminal boluses could allow for longer sustained release of drugs and hormones that would reduce administration time and unneeded animal discomfort caused by continuous administration. The objective of this study was to determine ruminal degradability and kinetics of biodegradable polymers and blends. A proprietary PHA-based polymer, poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA), PBSA:PHA melt blends, and forage controls were incubated in rumen fluid for up to 240 h. Mass loss was measured after each incubation time, and digestion kinetic parameters were estimated. Thermogravimetric, differential scanning calorimetry, and intrinsic viscosity analyses were conducted on incubated samples. Generally, across treatments, mass loss was significant by 96 h with a minimum increase of 0.25% compared to 0 h but did not change thereafter. Degradation kinetics demonstrated that polymer treatments were still in the exponential degradation phase at 240 h with a maximum disappearance rate of 0.0031 %/h. Melting temperature increased, onset thermal degradation temperature decreased, and intrinsic viscosity decreased with incubation time, indicating structural changes to the polymers. Based on these preliminary findings, the first stage of degradation occurs within 24 h and PHA degrades slowly. However, further ruminal degradation studies of biodegradable polymers are warranted to elucidate maximum degradation and its characteristics.


Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Older Men are used to examine factors associated with financial adequacy for retirement. Bivariate and multivariate analyses show that being white, a longer planning horizon, planning to retire at age 65 or later, and owning assets are positively associated with the accumulation of financial resources adequate to maintain the preretirement level of consumption throughout the retirement years. The importance of planned retirement age to financial adequacy for retirement is confirmed.


The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that personal characteristics of drive, achievement, and leadership are positively associated with the level of uric acid in the serum. Among seven behavior scales which were developed, drive, achievement, and leadership correlated most highly with serum urate levels. The correlation coefficient between the total of all behavior scales and serum urate in 51 University of Michigan professors was r = 0.66, a very high order of relationship for such studies between behavior variables and physiological ones. The results of this study lend substantial support to the hypotheses that a tendency to gout is a tendency to the executive suite, and that serum uric acid is related to behavioral characteristics that lead to outstanding performance. There is now a need for pharmacological experiments to see if the concept of serum urate as an endogenous cortical stimulant can also be supported.


High-quality three-dimensional polystyrene–air photonic crystal structures with particle diameters of 200, 270, and 340 nm were grown with a quasi-equilibrium evaporation technique. The effects of the removal of interval water were evident as a blueshift of peaks, enhancement of the transmission attenuation, and changes in the gap/midgap ratio. Frequency scaling and incidence-angle–dependent transmission were also investigated; both show good agreement with the numerical simulation.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background and Purpose: Optimizing speech and language therapy (SLT) regimens for maximal aphasia recovery is a clinical research priority. We examined associations between SLT intensity (hours/week), dosage (total hours), frequency (days/week), duration (weeks), delivery (face to face, computer supported, individual tailoring, and home practice), content, and language outcomes for people with aphasia. Methods: Databases including MEDLINE and Embase were searched (inception to September 2015). Published, unpublished, and emerging trials including SLT and ≥10 individual participant data on aphasia, language outcomes, and time post-onset were selected. Patient-level data on stroke, language, SLT, and trial risk of bias were independently extracted. Outcome measurement scores were standardized. A statistical inferencing, one-stage, random effects, network meta-analysis approach filtered individual participant data into an optimal model examining SLT regimen for overall language, auditory comprehension, naming, and functional communication pre-post intervention gains, adjusting for a priori–defined covariates (age, sex, time poststroke, and baseline aphasia severity), reporting estimates of mean change scores (95% CI). Results: Data from 959 individual participant data (25 trials) were included. Greatest gains in overall language and comprehension were associated with >20 to 50 hours SLT dosage (18.37 [10.58–26.16] Western Aphasia Battery–Aphasia Quotient; 5.23 [1.51–8.95] Aachen Aphasia Test–Token Test). Greatest clinical overall language, functional communication, and comprehension gains were associated with 2 to 4 and 9+ SLT hours/week. Greatest clinical gains were associated with frequent SLT for overall language, functional communication (3–5+ days/week), and comprehension (4–5 days/week). Evidence of comprehension gains was absent for SLT ≤20 hours, <3 hours/week, and ≤3 days/week. Mixed receptive-expressive therapy, functionally tailored, with prescribed home practice was associated with the greatest overall gains. Relative variance was <30%. Risk of trial bias was low to moderate; low for meta-biases. Conclusions: Greatest language recovery was associated with frequent, functionally tailored, receptive-expressive SLT, with prescribed home practice at a greater intensity and duration than reports of usual clinical services internationally. These exploratory findings suggest critical therapeutic ranges, informing hypothesis-testing trials and tailoring of clinical services. Registration: URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/; Unique identifier: CRD42018110947.


Lumbar hernias are rare posterolateral abdominal wall defects that may be congenital or acquired. There are two types of lumbar hernia, the superior lumbar hernia through Grynfeltt triangle, and the inferior lumbar hernia through Petit triangle. Many techniques have been described for the surgical repair of lumbar hernias including primary repair, local tissue flaps, and conventional mesh repair. But these open techniques require a large skin incision. We report a case of superior lumbar hernia, which was successfully repaired using a laparoscopic approach.


To the Editor .–Causes of abdominal distention in late pregnancy include polyhydramnios, intestinal obstruction, and ascites. Although more commonly associated with hydatidiform mole and multiple gestation, massive thecal-lutein cysts (hyperreactio luteinalis) occasionally complicate normal pregnancy. I studied a case that demonstrates hyperreactio luteinalis as a cause of abdominal distention in an otherwise normal pregnancy. Report of a Case .–A 20-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2, complained of abdominal discomfort and dyspnea. Last normal menstruation had occurred 40 weeks earlier. The abdomen was massively distended; uterus measured 47 cm above the symphysis pubis. Bowel sounds and fetal heart tones were normal. There was no fluid wave. Ultrasonography demonstrated a single fetus in cephalic presentation (biparietal diameter, 10 cm). There was no polyhydramnios. The entire abdomen reflected multiple, round, transsonic echoes. Chest roentgenogram was normal except for elevated diaphragm and poorly aerated lung bases. Induction of labor resulted in the uncomplicated delivery


The primary photo-induced processes in the mononuclear, heteroleptic Cu(i) complex [(DPEPhos)Cu(PyrTet)] (1), relevant for OLED applications, were investigated in various solvents and in solid state samples via femtosecond (fs) time resolved UV/Vis and fs time resolved mid-IR transient absorption spectroscopy (TA) with MLCT excitation around 340 nm. UV/Vis fs-TA on 1 in solution reveals (i) a severe blue-shift of excited state absorption on the time scale of a few picoseconds (τ2) that is not observed in solids, and (ii), on the time scale of several tens of picoseconds (τ3), a process with very similar dynamics in all samples. Mid-IR fs-TA in solution indicates structural changes with τ2. Transient absorption anisotropy experiments temporally resolve a viscosity-dependent change of the excited state transition dipole moment orientation with τ2, as quantitatively predicted for the relaxed S1-state via TD-DFT. The results strongly suggest flattening distortion (FD) and structural rearrangement of the PyrTet-moiety to occur on the time scale of τ2 in liquid phase, and to be suppressed in solid phase. Moreover, intersystem crossing (ISC) is assigned to the process described by τ3, in line with its direct observation via time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy on 1 by Bergmann et al. (Sci. Adv., 2016, 2, e1500889). Overall, the use of structure-sensitive methods and the direct comparison of different preparations of 1 (i.e. solution vs. solid state), are a unique basis for a clear assignment of spectro-temporal characteristics to fundamental deactivation processes such as FD and ISC.


The oil flotation isolation technique has been successfully applied to recover chaetothyrialean black yeasts and relatives from the environment. The selective mechanisms playing a role in isolation are unknown. The fungi concerned are supposed to occupy specialized microniches in nature, taking advantage of (1) oligotrophism. Mineral oil as a main selective agent may be based on (2) hydrophobicity or on (3) assimilation. All three hypotheses are tested in this paper. Results show that cell wall hydrophobicity is unlikely to be a selective factor. Incubation under poor nutrient conditions provides competitive advantage for black yeasts, especially for Exophiala strains, which are subsequently enriched by mineral oil which enhances growth in this group of fungi. Incubation under mineral media and mineral oil can be used as selective factor.


There is a growing interest in the use of geophysical methods to aid investigation and monitoring of complex biogeochemical environments, for example delineation of contaminants and microbial activity related to land contamination. We combined geophysical monitoring with chemical and microbiological analysis to create a conceptual biogeochemical model of processes around a contaminant plume within a manufactured gas plant site. Self-potential, induced polarization and electrical resistivity techniques were used to monitor the plume. We propose that an exceptionally strong (>800 mV peak to peak) dipolar SP anomaly represents a microbial fuel cell operating in the subsurface. The electromagnetic and electrical geophysical data delineated a shallow aerobic perched water body containing conductive gasworks waste which acts as the abiotic cathode of microbial fuel cell. This is separated from the plume below by a thin clay layer across the site. Microbiological evidence suggests that degradation of organic contaminants in the plume is dominated by the presence of ammonium and its subsequent degradation. We propose that the degradation of contaminants by microbial communities at the edge of the plume provides a source of electrons and acts as the anode of the fuel cell. We hypothesize that ions and electrons are transferred through the clay layer that was punctured during the trial pitting phase of the investigation. This is inferred to act as an electronic conductor connecting the biologically mediated anode to the abiotic cathode. Integrated electrical geophysical techniques appear well suited to act as rapid, low cost sustainable tools to monitor biodegradation.


Ever since the publication of Trystan Edwards' Good and Bad Manners in Architecture in 1924 it has been recognized that an important part of the urban experience is the design of buildings which fit into the existing visual context. Clearly contextual compatibility impacts many aspects of the urban experience, including urban quality, urban landscapes, urban planning, urban conflicts, urban policies, urban design, urban housing and urban neighborhoods. Many authors and designers (Cullen, 1961; Brolin, 1980; Bently et al., 1985; Tugnutt & Robertson, 1987) have commented on the need to fit new buildings into existing visual contexts, not to mention architectural critics ranging from the Prince of Wales down to the rest of us. What has not been so widely recognized is the virtual absence of scientific validation for the basic principles of contextual design. For example, most cities in the United States have implemented aesthetic controls on architecture (over 80% of all U.S. cities and 93% of the cities with populations of 100,000 or more have "design review" requirements for new projects) and over 75% of those cities sometimes or always used contextual principles to evaluate new buildings (Lightner, 1993). Yet, in a recent international conference on design review, 49 papers were presented, but only three papers were grounded with scientific data (Preiser & Lightner, 1992). The importance of scientific validation in design review can be ascertained by inspecting the connections between public policy, the judicial system, and the scientific establishment.


A survey of the spider community composition and diversity was carried out in grasslands and woods in three localities: Colonia Pellegrini, Paraje Galarza and Estancia Rincon (Ibera province Reserve). Pit fall traps, leaf litter sifting, foliage beating, hand collecting and sweep nets were used. Shannon's diversity index, evenness, Berger-Parker's dominance index, β and γ diversity were calculated, and a checklist of spider fauna was compiled. Species richness was estimated by Chao 1, Chao 2, first and second order Jack-knife. A total of 4 138 spiders grouped into 150 species from 33 families of Araneomorphae and two species from two families of Mygalomorphae were collected. Five species are new records for Argentina and eleven for Corrientes prov- ince. Araneidae was the most abundant family (39.8%), followed by Salticidae (10.9%), Anyphaenidae (7.9%), Tetragnathidae (7.4%), and Lycosidae (5.5%). The other families represented less than 5% of the total catch. The web-builder guild had the highest number of specimens and the highest richness index. The abundance, observed richness, Shannon diversity and evenness indexes were highest in Colonia Pellegrini woodland and Paraje Galarza grassland. Alpha diversity represented 89% of the gamma; the remaining 11% corresponded to β diversity. According to the indexes, between 67% and 97% of the existing spider fauna was represented in the collected specimens from Ibera.


Non-technical summary Conserving tropical forests has many benefits, from protecting biodiversity, sustaining indigenous and local communities, and safeguarding climate. To achieve the ambitious climate goals of the Paris Agreement, forest protection is essential. Yet deforestation continues to diminish the world's forests. Halting this trend is the objective of the international framework for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+). While previous studies have demonstrated the contribution of tropical forests to mitigate climate change, here we show that tropical forest protection can 'flatten the curve' of the costs of transition to climate stability, estimating tens of trillions of dollars in policy cost savings. Technical summary The pledges made by parties under the Paris Agreement are insufficient to limit global warming to well below 2 °C relative to pre-industrial levels. We use a global climate-economic model to quantify the economic benefits from rapidly deploying programs for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and increased reforestation (REDD+) given current delays in the implementation of climate policies around the world. REDD+ has been shown to have substantial greenhouse gas emissions mitigation potential in the fight against climate change and can thus play a critical role in closing the emissions gap, thereby enabling the achievement of more ambitious climate targets. Under our principal scenario, we estimate that REDD+ can contribute up to US$36 trillion in net policy cost savings by mitigating the adjustment costs of reaching a greenhouse gas emissions trajectory consistent with ambitious global climate stabilization goals. Investment in REDD+ has a high benefit-cost ratio; one dollar invested in REDD+ yields about US$5.4 in net policy cost savings. Realizing the full estimated potential for REDD+ reduces the risk-adjusted carbon price in 2030 by US$45/tCO2. Social media summary Protecting tropical forests is crucial to achieve ambitious climate stabilization goals while saving trillions of dollars in economic value.


Software development estimates are inaccurate and overly optimistic estimates are major contributors to project failure, despite the fact that every completed project is a rich source of information about performance and estimation. Modern development processes promote risk management, the realization of architecture first, the decomposition of the project into iterations, and the assignment of requirements to these iterations. When a project adopts these forms of best practice, it achieves a high degree of technical control and easier management. One difficult project management task is to accurately determine the effort required to complete the project. This article discusses a use-case-based estimation model for determining project effort. This technique calls for looking at the relationship between estimated and actual data to improve future estimates. Using a simple set of metrics, it is possible to generate a credible model for project estimation. The model described here works best in an iterative development process, allowing comparisons between successive iterations.


Automotive turbocharger components frequently experience complex Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue (TMF) loadings which require estimation of nonlinear plastic stresses for fatigue life calculations. These field duty cycles often contain rapid fluctuations in temperatures and consequently transient effects become important. Although current FE software are capable of performing these nonlinear finite element analyses, the turnaround time to compute nonlinear stresses for complex field duty cycles is still quite significant and detailed design optimizations for different duty cycles become very cumbersome. In recent years, a large number of studies have been made to develop analytical methods for estimating nonlinear stress from linear stresses. However, a majority of these consider isothermal cases which cannot be directly applied for thermo-mechanical loading. In this paper a detailed study is conducted with two different existing analytical approaches (Neuber's rule and Hoffman-Seeger) to estimate the multi-axial nonlinear stresses from linear elastic stresses. For the Neuber's approach, the multi-axial version proposed by Chu was used to correct elastic stresses from linear FE analyses. In the second approach, Hoffman and Seeger's method is used to estimate the multiaxial stress state from plastic equivalent stress estimated using Neuber's method for uniaxial stress. The novelty in the present work is the estimation of nonlinear stress for bilinear kinematic hardening material model under varying temperature conditions. The material properties including the modulus of elasticity, tangent modulus and the yield stress are assumed to vary with temperature. The application of two analytical approaches were examined for proportional and non-proportional TMF loadings and suggestions have been proposed to incorporate temperature dependent material behavior while correcting the plasticity effect into linear stress. This approach can be effectively used for complex geometries to calculate nonlinear stresses without carrying out a detailed nonlinear finite element analysis.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


Abstract - In the process of determining pipeline there is the existence of underwater pipes and submarine cables that have been installed. In order for a new pipeline that will be fixed at the path specified then made a safe crossing pipeline with vertical distance of 0.3 meters (DNV OS F101, 2000). The voltage value obtained from the pipe can be modeled using CAESAR II software. For stress analysis support varied by using 3 and 4 support, with 3 different conditions that is the condition of the installation, hydrotest conditions, and operating conditions. The results of the analysis can be obtained how the minimum vertical secure distance after the settlement. From this study it was found that the stress value in the pipe before and after the (settlement) is still within the safe limit based on (ASME B31.4, 2016). The land subsidence that occurred in concrete type 1 mattress support was 696,532 mm and concrete type 2 mattress support was 574,823 mm. For clearance values on concrete type 1 mattress of 303,468 mm and type 2 concrete mattress of 25,177 mm. From the results of the clearance calculation analysis, the 0.3 m vertical safe distance at the main support is still safe.


Abstract The largest plasmid (pPT23A, 100 kb) from Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato PT23, carries the gene cluster for the synthesis of the phytotoxin coronatine and most of its DNA sequences are repeated in a co-residing plasmid, pPT23B (83 kb). Some DNA fragments from pPT23A are also repeated elsewhere in the genome. To investigate the role in virulence of these plasmids, avoiding the effects of gene redundancy, we constructed strain UPN2, which was derived by curing the four native plasmids from PT23. The necrotic lesions induced in tomato by UPN2 were four-fold smaller than those produced by PT23. This phenotype was only partially restored by pPT23A, and the production of lesions of wild type size was dependent on the concomitant presence in UPN2 of pPT23A and pPT23B. Mutants defective in the production of coronatine, but which still produced coronafacic acid, induced lesions of an intermediate size between PT23 and UPN2. The virulence determinants present on pPT23B could be modifying the amount, structure or uptake rate by the plant of the coronafacic acid molecules produced by genes present on pPT23A. Therefore, the production of necrotic lesions on tomato plants by strain PT23 is due substantially to the action of compounds whose determinants are located on plasmids pPT23A and pPT23B, including, but not limited to coronatine. The involvement of the coronafacic acid gene cluster in virulence in the absence of the cluster for the synthesis of coronamic acid, may help explain its maintenance in the bacterial population before being incorporated into the coronatine cluster. Likewise, the physical separation of the virulence determinants in the two independent replicons pPT23A and pPT23B, may have driven the evolution of strain PT23 so that it maintains two potentially incompatible plasmids.


Transmission charges are levied against generators and suppliers for their use of transmission networks. The majority of existing transmission charging methods were designed for a system dominated by conventional and controllable generation. The resultant transmission charges reflect network users' contribution to the system peak. The integration of renewable generation brings fundamental challenges in transmission planning and charging. Main criteria of transmission planning have changed from meeting system peak demand to the trade-offs between operational and investment costs. Transmission charging is required to effectively reflect these trade-offs. This research work aims to develop novel transmission charging methods for low carbon power systems, reflecting the contribution to transmission investments from different generation technologies, different locations, and critically different times. It firstly identifies the key drivers and key conditions of transmission investments under the economic criteria. In the second step, the key drivers and conditions are reflected in the developing of T-LRIC method, ToU-LRIC method and ToU-ICRP method. Major innovations of the proposed methods include 1. reflecting the trade-offs between operational and investments costs by employing investment time horizons to reflect the impacts of system operation on transmission investments (T-LRIC method and ToU-LRIC method). 2. differentiating various generation technologies by firstly quantifying their impacts on the time horizons of network investments, then translating these impacts to transmission charges (T-LRIC method and ToU-LRIC method). 3. providing time-specific transmission charges, in which Time-of-Use periods are identified by clustering time-series congestion costs or transmission charges, thus reflecting the typical conditions of system congestions and the required transmission investments (ToU-LRIC method and ToU-ICRP method). The main benefits from introducing these innovations are i) to guide the short-run behaviours of network users, thus mitigating transmission congestions and promoting efficient utilization of existing networks; ii) to incentivize appropriate generation expansion, thus reducing or deferring costly future transmission investments.


In the past 20, years the impact of progressive educational theories have become influential in nurse education particularly in relation to partnership and empowerment between lecturers and students and the development of student autonomy. The introduction of these progressive theories was in response to the criticisms that nurse education was characterized by hierarchical and asymmetrical power relationships between lecturers and students that encouraged rote learning and stifled student autonomy. This article explores how the work of Michel Foucault can be mobilized to think about autonomy in three different yet overlapping ways: as a historical event; as a discursive practice; and as part of an overall strategy to produce a specific student subject position. The implications for educational practice are that, rather than a site where students are empowered, nurse education is both a factory and a laboratory where new subjectivities are continually being constructed. This suggests that empowering practices and disciplinary practices uneasily co-exist. Critical reflection needs to be directed not only at structural dimensions of power but also on ourselves as students and lecturers by asking a Foucauldian question: How are you interested in autonomy?


The future of work is at the centre of debates related to the emerging digital society. Concerns range from the inclusion, equity, and dignity of those at the far end of the value chain, who participate on and off platforms, often in the shadows, invisible to policymakers, designers, and consumers. Precarity and informality characterize this largely female workforce, across sectors ranging from artisanal work to salon services to ride hailing and construction. A feminist reimagining of the futures of work—what we term as "FemWork" —is the need of the day and should manifest in multiple and various forms, placing the worker at the core and drawing on her experiences, aspirations, and realities. This volume offers grounded insights from academic, activist, legal, development and design perspectives that can help us think through these inclusive futures and possibly create digital, social, and governance infrastructures of work that are fairer and more meaningful.


These abstracts have been specially commissioned for this Journal. Many of the titles have been taken from Abstracts of World Medicine and Ophthalmic Literature, published by the British Medical Association, and the references to these sources are given. The subjects are arranged in the following sub-sections: Rheumatic Fever Rheumatoid Arthritis Still's Disease Osteoarthrosis Spondylitis Gout Other Forms of Arthritis Bone Diseases Non-articular Rheumatism, including Disc Syndromes, Sciatica, etc. Connective Tissue Studies Pararheumatic (Collagen) Diseases Immunology and Serology Biochemical Studies Therapy Surgery Other General Subjects Not all sections may be represented in any one issue.


Many a deathbed offers a place for the exchange of crucial information and assurances between the dying person and his or her attendants. It may also be the start of contention over the provisions in a last will and testament if coercion or compulsion is alleged. If the life, relationships and property of the deceased had become internationalised, the highest skill of the legal drafter or notary is necessary in the preparation of a last will and testament. Different legal systems may claim competence. Properties may be situated in more than one jurisdiction, or the obvious connecting factors associated with the testator may link the legal questions to any number of legal systems (eg the law of the forum ; the law that applies by virtue of the conflict rules of succession in one state or another ; or the designated foreign law). The testator may wish to be appraised of the law that will govern succession to the various parts of the deceased estate ; the lawyer may be duty-bound to indicate the possible choices of law to the testator. The extent to which the inheritance rights granted in the various jurisdictions must correspond with the provisions in the last will would be vital for the drafter. The extent of the risk that a judgment given in one jurisdiction and applying one particular law will differ from a judgment given in another would be of interest to testator and lawyer alike.


AIM
The aim of this study was to evaluate the body composition and physiological effects in young sedentary overweight women after an indoor cycle training period.

METHODS
Fourteen subjects (22.6+/-2.1 yrs; 25-29.9 BMI) were trained for 12 weeks in a specific indoor cycling protocol (ICP) consisting of three sessions/week carried out in a fitness room. Body composition and physiological parameters were taken before the beginning of the study and after 12, 24 and 36 sessions.

RESULTS
We observed a reduction of 2.6% and 3.2% in body weight and of 4.3% and 5% in fat mass after 24 and 36 sessions respectively (P<0.05). Lean mass increased by 2.3% and 2.6% respectively after 24 and 36 sessions. Body circumferences diminished in response to ICP. Resting heart rate decreased by 6.5% and 9% respectively after 24 and 36 sessions. After the tenth week, we found a reduction of 11 beats.min-1 in average training heart rate, an increase of 0.5 mL/kg-1.min-1 in average training oxygen uptake and an increase of 8.6 Watts in average power output. Moreover, an increase in cardio-respiratory fitness was observed (37.1+/-4.3 vs. 40.2+/-4.6 mL/kg-1.min-1) after 36 sessions.

CONCLUSION
The decrease in body weight, without any restriction on food consumption, and the improvement in cardio-respiratory fitness suggests that ICP may be efficient for losing weight and preventing the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in young overweight women. Indoor cycling can be performed by young sedentary overweight women; however, it is fundamental to formulate training protocols which are intensity and length specific to the fitness level of the participants.


Numerous problems have emerged with the rapid development of wind power in Xinjiang. The predominant problem is the inhibition of the healthy development of the wind power industry by wind power curtailment in Xinjiang. In this study, wind power heating and high energy-consuming industries were coupled to increase wind power consumption in Xinjiang on the load side. The feasibility analysis of wind power heating in Dabancheng showed that the heating load characteristics coincide with the wind characteristics and the electric heating technology can fulfill the requirements for wind power heating. A business model innovation achieved a win–win situation. Furthermore, a wind power heating system was designed in Dabancheng, the boiler capacity and the heat storage capacity were calculated, and a heating system model with heat storage technology was established. Wind power heating with heat storage can improve the consumption of wind power and increase the local electric load and system adjustability. Furthermore, heating with curtailed wind power can save 2942 tons of standard coal as well as reduce 5172 tons of CO 2 , 2.9 tons of SO 2 , 22 tons of NO X , and 2 tons of soot emissions. Non-grid-connected distributed wind power was applied to the high energy-consuming coal chemical industry to reduce wind power curtailment, expand the consumption market, and reduce pollution. A multifunctional wind-photovoltaic complementary system with hydrogen energy storage coupled with traditional high energy-consuming coal chemical industry was established. The implementation plan using wind and solar energy to produce, store, and apply hydrogen energy was proven beneficial. Wind power consumption was improved on the load side. The wind power curtailment problem was reduced by increasing local load using the curtailed wind power to provide clean heat in Dabancheng and constructing the multifunctional wind–photovoltaic complementary system. This study will contribute to the healthy and sustainable development of the wind power industry in Xinjiang.


Plants are known to synthesize and accumulate callose, a β -1,3-linked glucan, in response to pathogen infection, elicitor treatment and wounding. Although callose deposition has often been used as an index of defense responses in plant, its quantification is laborious and difficult. We have developed a simple computer program to quantify callose spots on microscopic images based on multiple Rotational Morphological Processing (RMP), which is suitable for the detection of biological spots with intricate morphology. The program developed in this study is useful for the detection of callose spots on various biological backgrounds, making it possible to compare the responses of plant materials with different genetic background or different stimuli. Validity of this program was supported by comparing the results obtained by the new method and conventional manual counting. This program can be applicable to wide range of images taken by various microscopic systems and also in variable formats.


Efficient project execution is an objective in many industries, and existing project management research gives direction about how project team factors influence two important capital project outcomes: time and cost. In addition, use of electronic collaboration (E-collaboration) technologies is essential for supporting projects. Combining a literature review with our empirical experience, we constructed a theoretically based, four-dimensional model of department of design, department of planning, department of production and department of procurement. One major practical implication of our findings is that relationship between project manager and four noted departments by E-collaboration is vital for reduce time and cost in small and medium size enterprises (SMEs). In this article, we describe project management, E-collaboration, SMEs and new product and review some article around this area.


In this study, different specimens of hot mix asphalt (HMA) have been constructed in the laboratory and tested under repeated loading; first permanent deformation and later fatigue tests using Suleyman Demirel University Asphalt Tester equipment (SDU-Asphalt Tester). This study reports evaluation of available information about relationship between permanent deformation and fatigue cracking. Analysis of data shows that the fatigue life of the pavement may be modelled in terms of data obtained from repeated loading axial permanent deformation test results. Based on the analysis of the estimation model for fatigue life from permanent deformation testing, it is concluded that for the evaluation of HMA in fatigue characterization, repeated load axial test for permanent testing can be used in a very satisfactory manner. To be able to model the fatigue lives, in addition to conventional fatigue model parameters new parameters from repeated load permanent deformation test are taken into consideration. Hence, only by examining the permanent deformation tests, it may be possible to predict the fatigue lives of the specimens without carrying out time-consuming fatigue tests.


In this paper we analyse aspects of the qualitative data from open-ended questions included in the RN Survey 2002. We discuss the changes wrought by New Public Management (NPM) in the Australian and WA health sectors. We argue that the requisites of NPM and managerialism are not necessarily consistent with the historical role of professionalism in the delivery of health care and of nursing as a health profession. In analysing the nurses' qualitative responses, we use the framework from NPM and managerialism as a means to develop understanding of the issues and concerns expressed by nurses. The paper identifies three areas of dissonance: professional dissonance, career choice dissonance and ideological dissonance. It argues that, as a result, nurses emotionally and professionally resist what has been termed 'the instrumental motivations of managerialism'.


Collins & Postal (2014) argue that English NPIs have two distinct syntactic structures: a unary NEG structure and a binary NEG structure. They suggest that this distinction is generally valid for natural languages. This formal difference was taken to reconstruct the common distinction in NPI studies between strong and weak NPIs. The present analysis of Ewe NPIs seeks to provide cross-linguistic support for this dual conception of NPIs by showing that the ke-NPIs in this language are all properly analyzed exclusively as unary NEG structures.