The article discusses hypotheses for the possible sources of two funeral sample sermons written in prostaja mova , which were addressed to the laity and attached to the Ritual edition by the Orthodox Brotherhood of Vilnius in 1621. The author suggests that the very combination of homiletic material in vernacular language with the traditional ecclesiastical rites goes back to the Catholics Ritual рublished in 1551 in Mainz and was later followed in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by Stanislaw Karnkowski, Marcin Kromer and Hieronim Powodowski.  The two funeral sample sermons attached to the Vilnius Ritual used as a main source a homiletic work of Georg Barthold Pontanus (1550-1614), Incineratio Funebres (1611). The first sermon used as a model a fragment entitled Consolatoria super omnes charissimos, et habet decem rationes , composed by Pontanus on the basis of the medieval consolation, which goes back to the English Dominican Robert Holсot (1290-1349). This text of consolation, sometimes called as Fatuitates immoderate lugentiam , was widely available in different published editions in the 15 th , 16 th and 17 th centuries: in liturgical sermons, books on rhetoric, dialogs ' pompa funebris ', and manuals for Jesuits Sodalities of the Blessed Virgin Mary. This consolation was also translated in Polish at the beginning of the 17 th century. The second funeral sermon of the Vilnius Ritual used a fragment from Pontanus, which goes back to the Summa de Abstinentia by Nicolaus de Byard (died 1261). The chapter of this work (entitled Mors or De Mortis ) was found in the Middle Ages in Speculum morale , attributed to Vincent of Beauvais (ca. 1190-ca. 1264), and in the 16 th century was included in Dictionarium pauperum by Franciscan Petrus Ridolfi (1536-1601). Although the funeral sample sermons from 1621 were not republished in other Vilnius Rituals , they served as an example for the later Orthodox hierarchs, who expanded their Rituals editions with instructive sermons in vernacular language.


I examine the ways the minimal lexicon of a pidgin language, Chinook Jargon, gains maximal efficiency when put into use in a contemporary fictional text. The paper first describes the lexicon used from a structural point of view. It then examines the use of multifunctional lexical items in comparison to English. The results of these studies show, that 1) there is no bound morphology (neither derivational nor inflectional) in the variety studied and, 2) there is much more multifunctionality in the pidgin text than in the English texts. Finally, it is argued that the results show that the lexicon studied can indeed be described as simple and efficient.


Residual feed intake (RFI) is a measure of feed efficiency that is independent of level of production, such as size and growth rate in beef cattle, and thus is a useful new trait for studying the physiological mechanisms underlying variation in feed efficiency. Five major physiological processes are likely to contribute to variation in RFI, these being processes associated with intake of feed, digestion of feed, metabolism (anabolism and catabolism associated with and including variation in body composition), physical activity, and thermoregulation. Studies on Angus steers following divergent selection for RFI estimated that heat production from metabolic processes, body composition, and physical activity explained 73% of the variation in RFI. The proportions of variation in RFI that these processes explain are protein turnover, tissue metabolism and stress (37%); digestibility (10%); heat increment and fermentation (9%); physical activity (9%); body composition (5%); and feeding patterns (2%). Other studies in cattle and studies in poultry similarly found these processes to be important in explaining RFI. The physiological mechanisms identified so far are based on very few studies, some of which have small sample sizes. The genomic basis to variation in these physiological processes remains to be determined. Early studies have shown many hundred genes to be associated with differences in RFI, perhaps in hindsight not surprising given the diversity of physiological processes involved. Further research is required to better understand the mechanisms responsible for the variation in RFI in target populations and to marry the physiological information with molecular genetics information that will become the basis for commercial tests for genetically superior animals.


Morphological similarities between the tadpoles of Amietia umbraculata and A. vertebralis have led to confusion and incorrect descriptions and identifications in the literature. Based on 33 body measurements and ratios we revised the morphological descriptions of the tadpoles of the two species. Tadpole identification was verified through DNA sequencing using mitochondrial (16S) gene fragments. A combination of four morphological characters proved to be informative and consistent in distinguishing between tadpoles of the two species. Tadpoles of A. umbraculata are characterized by having four labial tooth rows in the lower jaw, extensive tail mottling, a dorsal fin that originates well behind the body, reaching a maximum depth at 50% of the tail length, and an average tail length of 1.9 times body length. Amietia vertebralis tadpoles on the other hand are characterized by having five or more labial tooth rows in the lower jaw, tail mottling that is confined to the upper half of the tail musculature, a dorsal fin that originates at the body-tail junction but retains a low profile, rising abruptly to reach a maximum depth at about 40% of the tail length, and an average tail length of 1.5 times body length. These four characters identify the two species without ambiguity.


The supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycle is a promising system for meeting future electricity grid demands. Its main advantage over Brayton cycles with other working fluids is its high net efficiency. To maintain this efficiency, the compressor must operate close to the critical point of CO2 (7.32 MPa and 31 °C). Maintaining a near constant inlet temperature is crucial, posing a design and operations challenge. In this study, we simulate the air cooler in an sCO2 power plant using a dynamic model with a focus on transient analysis. This was done for a 100 MWe sCO2 power cycle molten salt application (solar and nuclear reactors). For transient analysis, step changes in ambient temperature were simulated. A parametric study was also conducted using the model in steady-state. The model was implemented using the Institute for the Design of Advanced Energy Systems (IDAES) Process Systems Engineering (PSE) framework, an open-source software package. A brief description of the software architecture is given. Model applications and its overall fit in the digital twin landscape are also discussed.


Over the last decades, native Amazonians have put increasing pressure on animal wildlife owing to growth in demand. Across societies, household monetary income and wealth shape food consumption; hence, so it is natural to ask what effect might these variables have on the demand for wildlife consumption among native Amazonians, particularly as they gain a stronger foothold in the market economy and increasing de jure stewardship over their territories. Prior estimates of the effects of household monetary income and household wealth on wildlife consumption among native Amazonians have relied on cross‐sectional data and produced unclear results. The goal of this research was to improve the precision of previous estimates by drawing on a larger sample and on longitudinal data. The analysis draws on a dataset composed of five consecutive annual surveys (2002–2006, inclusive) from 324 households in a native Amazonian society of foragers and farmers in Bolivia (Tsimane'). Multiple regression analysis is used to estimate the association between wildlife consumption and monetary income and wealth. Wildlife consumption bore a positive association with the level of household wealth and no significant association with household monetary income. Among Tsimane', the main internal threat to wildlife conservation in the short run will likely arise from increases in wealth, probably from the enhanced capacity that selected physical assets (e.g. guns) have in the capture of animal wildlife.


Intuitively, an utterance of:(1) Alice said that life is "difficult to understand"would not be true unless Alice uttered the very words "difficult to understand." However, several recent theories of "mixed quotation" contend that the intuition here is a misleading one. According to these theories, the truth conditions of (1) are identical to those of:(2) Alice said that life is difficult to understand.On such accounts, the quotation marks in (1) are of only pragmatic significance. That Alice uttered the quoted words is something the speaker might well convey in uttering (1); it is not something literally expressed by the utterance itself. Whatever its theoretical motivations, these contentions are undeniably counter-intuitive and the pragmaticist owes us an explanation of where they come from. This paper presents and evaluates various strategies that a pragmaticist with respect to mixed quotation might appeal to in an effort to explain the source of the counter-intuitive consequences of his theory.


Safety of work zones is a major area of concern since it is not always possible to maintain a level of safety comparable to that of a normal highway not under construction. Proper traffic control is critical to the safety of work zones. However, traffic control devices themselves may pose a safety hazard when impacted by errant vehicles. Little is known about the impact performance of many work zone traffic control devices. The objective of the study was to provide barricades and temporary sign supports for use in work zones that would perform satisfactorily when impacted by errant vehicles. There were two phases to this study. The first phase pertained to the crash testing and evaluation of the impact performance of existing work zone barricades and temporary sign supports. The second phase involved the development and evaluation of alternate barricades and temporary sign supports for use in work zones. This report summarizes the results of the study conducted under a series of four (4) contracts. A total of 20 full-scale crash tests were conducted on various existing and alternate barricade and temporary sign support designs to assess their safety performance in accordance with guidelines set forth in National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350. Results of these tests indicated that existing wooden barricades and some of the commercially available portable sign supports did not perform satisfactorily in the crash tests. Alternate designs were then developed and evaluated for consideration by the Department. This report presents results of the crash tests together with conclusions and recommendations.


Progressive property theory emerged a decade ago to challenge law and economics as the dominant theoretical mode of property law analysis. Offering a fresh look at the rights and obligations of ownership, progressive property theory argues, among other propositions, that property rules and institutions should further the ability of all people to obtain the basic resources necessary to engage in the social and political life of a community.

Meanwhile, housing justice campaigns being waged across the United States, promoting policies like inclusionary zoning and rent control, are frequently met by critics who make theoretical arguments about the fundamental nature of property. Housing advocates often cede the theoretical domain, and instead respond with pragmatic data-driven appeals or technical precedential arguments that, I argue here, would benefit from a more robust theoretical grounding of the sort progressive property theory could provide.

Progressive property theory, however, is yet to exert any measurable influence outside of legal academia. Scholars have offered a variety of critiques of the theory that may help to explain its limited impact. I argue that exogenous factors — those external to the theory itself — also hold significant explanatory force. I conclude that the law school clinic could serve as one "theory delivery mechanism" to infuse progressive property theory more broadly into U.S. law and legal institutions.


The effects of pressurised compressive chip pre-treatment and low dosage sulphite pre-treatment were evaluated for production of thermomechanical pulp in mill scale trials using Norway spruce (Picea abies) at the Braviken paper mill (Holmen Paper AB, Sweden). The general aim of the study was to improve the energy efficiency during the production of mechanical pulps suitable for news and improved news grade papers. The pressurised compressive chip pre-treatment performed in an Impressafiner, resulted in a reduced acetone extractive content for first stage blow line pulp by up to 24%. Furthermore, pulp produced from mechanically pre-treated chips had higher tensile- and tear indices, elongation and light scattering and lower freeness compared to pulps from untreated chips produced with equal total specific energy consumption. The total specific energy consumption was reduced by 120 kWh/bone dry ton (6%) at equal tensile index, when pulps were produced together with the Impressafiner pre-treatment. Sulphite pre-treatment increased tensile index, elongation, density and brightness and reduced light scattering and shive content compared to pulps produced with only mechanical pre-treatment at equal specific energy consumption. The increase in tensile index and reduction in light scattering followed linear relations to the dosage of sodium sulphite in the measured dosage range (0-1.2% Na2SO3). The addition of ~1.2% sodium sulphite gave a sulphur content in pulp of ~0.67% (as Na2SO3) and reduced the specific energy consumption by 210-320 kWh/bdt (12-15%) when compared at equal tensile index. However, light scattering was not retained for this energy reduction. Further analyses showed that sulphite pre-treatment did not significantly affect the distribution of the Bauer-McNett fractions or the fibre length for pulps refined with equal specific energy consumption but did increase fibre delamination/internal fibrillation as measured by Fernando and Daniel's (2010) version of Simons' staining. The specific energy consumption for pulps produced with sulphite pre-treatment (1.2% Na2SO3) and double disc refining were 650 kWh/bdt (30%) lower than for pulps produced in a two stage single disc refiner line (no pre-treatment), when compared at a similar tensile index and light scattering coefficient.


Previous anatomical observations have established that the penial complex of adult Melampus bidentatus is specifically reinnervated and that the penial complex itself can regenerate. This review describes experiments to determine whether a reinnervated penial complex and a regenerated penial complex can function in mating. The snails are not self-fertile, so the ability to transfer sperm, evaluated by production of fertile eggs, was the test of successful regeneration. Snails with nerve transections produced fertile eggs within the time-span expected for axonal regeneration to the target organ. Penial complex ablation interfered with sperm transfer for two egg-laying cycles but fertile eggs were laid within a time-span consistent with regeneration of a penial complex.


USB is still a dangerous vector of attack. Attacks such as Stuxtnet make this evident. Sharing USB devices between machines that are physically or logically isolated can stablish connections between them, building what is called a Hidden Network. Being aware of such links is essential for guarantying the security of the network, machines connected and data within them. This paper presents a tool able to detect these links automatically, both remotely and locally. These links are explicitly plotted in graphs, making them visible and allowing taking security measures against threats. Furthermore, this tool can be used for forensic purposes, for example in cases of data exfiltration, since it can plot the trazability of a given USB device within a network, besides showing which USB devices were connected to a certain computer.


The connections between walls of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings and flexible timber diaphragms are critical building components that must perform adequately before desirable earthquake response of URM buildings may be achieved. Field observations made during the initial reconnaissance and the subsequent damage surveys of clay brick URM buildings following the 2010/2011 Canterbury, New Zealand earthquakes revealed numerous cases where anchor connections joining masonry walls or parapets with roof or floor diaphragms appeared to have failed prematurely. These observations were more frequent for adhesive anchor connections than for through-bolt connections (i.e. anchorages having plates on the exterior facade of the masonry walls). Subsequently, an in-field test program was undertaken in an attempt to evaluate the performance of adhesive anchor connections between unreinforced clay brick URM walls and roof or floor diaphragm. The study consisted of a total of almost 400 anchor tests conducted in eleven existing URM buildings located in Christchurch, Whanganui and Auckland. Specific objectives of the study included the identification of failure modes of adhesive anchors in existing URM walls and the influence of the following variables on anchor load-displacement response: adhesive type, strength of the masonry materials (brick and mortar), anchor embedment depth, anchor rod diameter, overburden level, anchor rod type, quality of installation and the use of metal mesh sleeve. In addition, the comparative performance of bent anchors (installed at an angle of minimum 22.5 to the perpendicular projection from the wall surface) and anchors positioned horizontally was investigated. Observations on the performance of wall-to-diaphragm connections in the 2010/2011 Canterbury earthquakes, a snapshot of the performed experimental program and the test results and a preliminary proposed pull-out capacity of adhesive anchors are presented herein.


We develop a method capable of characterizing both the amplitude and phase of ultrafast optical pulses with the aid of a synchronized incoherently-related clock pulse based on a novel variation of SPIDER. It exploits degenerate four-wave-mixing and its design is amenable for full ?on chip? signal characterization. By implementing our method in a CMOS compatible waveguide, we measure pulses with 1THz, and up to 100ps pulsewidths. Our novel reconstruction algorithm that we call Fresnel-Limited Extraction Procedure (FLEA), yields a time-bandwidth product (TBP)>100. Full Text: PDF References R. Trebino, "Frequency Resolved Optical Gating: the Measurement of Ultrashort Optical Pulses", (Kluwer Academic, 2002) [CrossRef] I. A. Walmsley and C. Dorrer, "Characterization of ultrashort electromagnetic pulses", Adv. Opt. Photon. 1, 308-437 (2009) [CrossRef] Nature Photonics Workshop on the future of optical communication,Tokyo, Oct. 2007. M. A. Foster et al.,"Silicon-chip-based ultrafast optical oscilloscope", Nature 456, 81-84 (2008) [CrossRef] E. K. Tien, X. Z. Sang, F. Qing, Q. Song, and O. Boyraz., "Ultrafast pulse characterization using cross phase modulation in silicon", Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 051101 (2009) [CrossRef] A. Pasquazi et al.,"Sub-picosecond phase-sensitive optical pulse characterization on a chip", [CrossRef] C. Iaconis and I.A. Walmsley,"Spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction of ultrashort optical pulses", Opt. Lett., 23, 792-794 (1998) [CrossRef] L. Gallmann et al.,"Characterization of sub-6-fs optical pulses with spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction", Opt. Lett., 24, 1314-1316 (1999) [CrossRef] C. Dorrer et al.,"Single-shot real-time characterization of chirped-pulse amplification systems by spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction", Opt. Lett., 24, 1644-1646 (1999) [CrossRef] D. Keusters et al.,"Relative-phase ambiguities in measurements of ultrashort pulses with well-separated multiple frequency components", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 20, 2226-2237 (2003) [CrossRef] M. Hirasawa et al.,"Sensitivity improvement of spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction for the characterization of low-intensity femtosecond pulses", Appl. Phys. B, 74, S225-S229 (2002) [CrossRef] J. Wemans, G. Figueira, N. Lopes and L. Cardoso,"Self-referencing spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction with chirped pulses", Opt. Lett., 31, 2217-2219 (2006)Self-referencing spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction with chirped pulses [CrossRef] M. Peccianti et al.,"Subpicosecond optical pulse compression via an integrated nonlinear chirper", Opt. Express, 18, 7625-7633 (2010) [CrossRef] A. Pasquazi et al.,"All-optical wavelength conversion in an integrated ring resonator", Opt. Express 18, 3858-3863 (2010) [CrossRef]


Milk production has been a distinguishing characteristic of sheep breeding since antiquity in the Mediterranean area, including Italy, where prehistoric findings confirm this particular husbandry activity. In Homer's Odyssey, the description of Polifemo's sheep flock organization is remarkably similar to current production systems. The ancient roots of this tradition have grown into an important economic reality, with excellent levels of milk production and apporoximately 65 typical cheeses. It is interesting to note that the Italian word "pecora" (sheep) is believed to have originated from the Latin "pecunia" (money). Although heavy production losses are due to parasitic infections, only 250 papers have been published in the last 50 years in Italy on sheep parasites. Differences in climate, environmental factors and production tecniques may influence infection prevalence, load and pathogenesis. For this reason, prevention must be aimed at the particular epidemiological situation and not simply adapted from current schemes used abroad. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the epidemiology of ovine gastro-intestinal nematodes in Italy and to evaluate the economic importance of their control.


While deep learning is remarkably successful on perceptual tasks, it was also shown to be vulnerable to adversarial perturbations of the input. These perturbations denote noise added to the input that was generated specifically to fool the system while being quasi-imperceptible for humans. More severely, there even exist universal perturbations that are input-agnostic but fool the network on the majority of inputs. While recent work has focused on image classification, this work proposes attacks against semantic image segmentation: we present an approach for generating (universal) adversarial perturbations that make the network yield a desired target segmentation as output. We show empirically that there exist barely perceptible universal noise patterns which result in nearly the same predicted segmentation for arbitrary inputs. Furthermore, we also show the existence of universal noise which removes a target class (e.g., all pedestrians) from the segmentation while leaving the segmentation mostly unchanged otherwise.


BACKGROUND
This study was planned to investigate the personality traits of cancer patients in different treatment settings, and to correlate the demographics with the personality features.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 237 patients referred either to Marmara University School of Medicine (MUSM) Oncology Outpatient Unit or to the private office of the faculty between March 10th and April 22nd, 2010 were enrolled in the study. The Big Five Mini Test was used to evaluate the 40 personality traits of the patients.

RESULTS
The study group consisted of 98 males (41.35%) and 139 females (58.65%) with a mean age of 51. Out of the 237, 73.9% had an educational level beyond the junior high school, and 47.3% of all patients reported a positive family history for cancer. A significant difference in terms of reconcilability, extraversion, and responsibility was observed between patients admitting to the university outpatient clinic and the private office (p<0.05). Reconcilability and extraversion were found to differ between genders significantly (p<0.05). The description of the patients by him/herself or by relatives displayed a significant difference in terms of openness (p<0.05). Parameters such as educational level, family history of cancer, age and marital status showed no relevance to their characters. No discordance was observed between the self-analysis of the patient and the patient's relatives.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with cancer are typically highly reconcilable and responsible, moderately stable, open and extraverted.


It is well known that the majorization condition is the necessary and sufficient condition for the deterministic transformations of both pure bipartite entangled states by local operations and coherent states under incoherent operations. In this paper, we present two explicit protocols for these transformations. We first present a permutation-based protocol which provides a method for the single-step transformation of $d$-dimensional coherent states. We also obtain generalized solutions of this protocol for some special cases of $d$-level systems. Then, we present an alternative protocol where we use ${d}^{\ensuremath{'}}$-level (${d}^{\ensuremath{'}}ld$) subspace solutions of the permutation-based protocol to achieve the complete transformation as a sequence of coherent-state transformations. We show that these two protocols also provide solutions for deterministic transformations of pure bipartite entangled states.


We consider the question of global convergence of iterative methods for nonlinear programming problems. Traditionally, penalty functions have been used to enforce global convergence. In this paper we review a recent alternative, so-called filter methods. Instead of combing the objective and constraint violation into a single function, filter methods view nonlinear optimization as a biobjective optimization problem that minimizes the objective and the constraint violation. We outline the main ideas and convergence results of filter methods and indicate other areas where filter methods have been used successfully.


Focusing on a central problem of the evolution of vertebrae, the author questions whether there is a principle underlying the disparate animal forms. He shows that there is. Following Goethe, he points out that a key to understanding the great variety of vertebrates lies in the plasticity of what he calls the "vertebrate type". He goes on to show how successive classes of vertebrates can be seen as increasingly complete manifestations of the type. Thus the driving forces of evolution are found in the inner lawfulness of living organisms, each of which is itself a manifestation of the type in action.


Tunnel construction are essentially infrastructure projects that includes many interfered and sophisticated tasks. This paper presents a decision support tool, Tunnel_Sim, for planning tunnel construction projects using computer simulation. The proposed tool assists contractors in estimating time and cost, required for the construction of tunnel projects. Five construction techniques are coded in the proposed tool to capture the construction of open/closed rectangular cross-section tunnels and circular cross-section tunnels. The decision support tool divides the construction of tunnels into working zones. It estimates the total duration and cost for each zone. The proposed tool selects the best construction technique from a set of alternatives based on a decision making method that utilizes fuzzy numbers. An application example is presented to demonstrate the characteristics of the proposed Tunnel_Sim.


The human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) regulatory protein, Tax, has been speculated to play a major role in HTLV-I leukemogenesis. Indeed, several studies have suggested that upregulation of various cellular oncogenes and cytokines by Tax may explain the pathogenesis observed in HTLV-I-infected individuals, as well as several Tax-transgenic animal models. We report here the analysis of cytokine expression in a Tax-transgenic animal model with large granular lymphocytic (LGL) leukemia. Two different transgenic mice showed identical expression of interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-1beta, interferon gamma (IFNgamma), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in peripheral tail tumors. Interestingly, LGL cell lines derived from these same tumors expressed high levels of both IFNgamma and GM-CSF, which correlated with the level of Tax expression. These same LGL cell lines also expressed high levels of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Engraftment of these LGL cell lines into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice led to the development of leukemia and lymphomas. Examination of these SCID mice showed that their pathology was nearly identical to that observed in the original Tax-transgenic mouse model. Both the Tax-transgenic and engrafted SCID mouse models allow for the analysis of cellular events that are required for tumor development associated with HTLV infection and suggest that Tax expression may be responsible for the upregulation of certain cytokines and adhesion molecules that affect the infiltrating capabilities of HTLV-I-infected cells.


We present the recent results obtained for the within-host models of malaria and HIV. We briefly recall the Anderson-May-Gupter model. We also recall the Van Den Driessche method of computation for the basic reproduction ratio R0; here, a very simple formula is given for a new class of models. The global analysis of these models can be founded in (1, 2, 3, 5). The results we recall here are for a model of one strain of parasites and many classes of age, a general model of n strains of parasites and k classes of age, a S E1 E2 ···En I S model with one linear chain of compartments and finally a general S Ei1 Ei2 ···Ein I S model with k linear chains of compartments. When R0 1, the authors prove that there is a trivial equilibria calling disease free equilibrium (DFE) which is globally asymptotically stable (GAS) on the non-negative orthant , and when R0 > 1, they prove the existence of a unique endemic equilibrium in the non-negative orthant and give an explicit formula. They provided a weak condition for the global stability of endemic equilibrium.


As an economical, resultful and direct method, finite element method has been used broadly to simulate tire performance. However, much of the published research shows few detail model or no material constants. It is difficult for readers to judge if the result is reliable. To ensure simulation results are credible, the material constants, simulation model and analysis method must be dependable. In the current work, the three-dimensional radial tire models, finite element models of free and ground-touching tires, were built and showed in detail. The material constants measured from experiments in a tire factory were published. Using the well-known finite element simulation software ANSYS, the current research found some interesting results which will be presented in Part II.


The subject of this paper is the measurement of the temperature in the process of cemented carbide heating by a moving heat source and determining the influence of technological parameters on the achieved temperature of the sample surface. The aim of the heating procedure was to obtain the effect of carbide "softening", which would allow to extend the tool's life in the process of laser assisted machining. The tests were carried out in the laboratory of laser technology in Poznan University of Technology. The measurements were made by using two infrared radiation pyrometers at two zones of measurement. The obtained results allowed to clearly determine the effect of technological parameters on the surface temperature and permitted an evaluation of certain properties of material that affect the energy absorption.


This study intended to examine the effects of budgeting on financial performance of manufacturing firms in Kinondoni district Dar es Salaam Tanzania. A descriptive research design was adopted. A sample of 75 respondents from selected manufacturing firms was employed. Purposive sampling was used to select seventy five (75) respondents (managerial staffs) from selected manufacturing firms. Self-administered questionnaire composed of closed ended questions, open-ended questions and five point likert scale questions were used to collect data from seventy five (75) respondents. Data were analyzed descriptively using SPSS version 20. The findings indicated that more formalized budgeting planning leads to higher sales revenues. Secondly; the results revealed that formalized budgetary control leads to a higher growth of profit of a firm.It was also found that the formal budgeting planning and the formal budgetary control show different patterns in terms of their effect on financial performance. The formal budgeting planning has a stronger impact on the growth of sales of manufacturing firms, compared to the formal budgetary control. However; its impact on the growth of profit becomes very weak compared to formal budgetary control. It was recommended that manufacturing firms need to establish a strong link between the planning and control processes and the budget process. Companies need to adopt a medium term plan to define priorities for their daily tasks.


Caesarean section is the most commonly used method for completing a pregnancy. Although this type of birth is increasingly preferred by doctors and patients, the cost of such an intervention and numerous subsequent complications should restrict the number of these type of surgery. In view of the increasing number of caesarean surgeries over the last period of time, correct and regular evaluation by a well-adapted protocol of uterine scar after caesarean section is an important element, especially among women who do not have completed family planning and who may benefit from a subsequent vaginal birth. Knowing that many studies show a low incidence of uterine rupture during a vaginal birth in a patient who had previously delivered caesarean section, of about 0.2-0.7%, obstetricians should encourage patients to benefit from this type of birth.


Abstract. The discovery of the deepest subglacial trough beneath the Denman Glacier, combined with high rates of basal melt at the grounding line, have caused significant concern over its vulnerability to retreat. Recent attention has therefore been focusing on understanding the governing dynamic controls, although knowledge of the wider regional context and timescales over which the future responses may occur remains poor. Here we consider the whole Shackleton system, comprising of the Shackleton ice shelf, Denman Glacier and adjacent Scott, Northcliffe, Roscoe and Apfel glaciers, about which almost nothing is known. We widen the context of previously observed dynamic changes in the Denman Glacier into the wider region of the Queen Mary and Knox coasts; with a multi-decadal timeframe and an improved biannual temporal frequency of observations in the last seven years (2014–21). We integrate new satellite observations of ice structure, changes in ice front position and ice-flow velocities to investigate changes in the system. We furthermore use the BISICLES ice sheet model to assess the sensitivity and simulate the response times of the Queen Mary and Knox coasts to hypothetical disintegration of its floating ice areas, in response to coupled ocean and atmospheric forcing. Over the 60-year period of observation, the Queen Mary and Knox coasts do not appear to have changed significantly and higher frequency observations have not revealed any significant annual or sub-annual variations in ice flow. A previously observed increase in the ice flow speed of the Denman Glacier has not continued beyond 2008, and we cannot identify any related change in the surface structure of the system since then. We do, however, observe more significant change in the Scott Glacier, with an acceleration in ice flow associated with calving and progressing from the ice front along the floating tongue since early 2020. No changes in surface structure or ice flow speed are observed closer to the grounded ice. Our upper limit numerical simulations for a 400-year period are consistent with noticeable grounding line retreat in the Denman Glacier in the next two centuries if all floating ice were lost, before stabilising again in the third century from now. This equates to around 6 cm of sea level rise, a small contribution when compared to other areas of East Antarctica expected to change over the same time frame. It is clear that current knowledge is insufficient to explain the observed spatial and temporal changes in the dynamic behaviour of the grounded and floating sections in the Shackleton system. Given the potential vulnerability of the system to accelerating retreat better data recording the glaciological, oceanographic, and geological conditions in the Queen Mary and Knox coasts are required to improve the certainty of numerical model predictions. With access to these remote coastal regions a major challenge, coordinated internationally collaborative efforts are required to quantify how much the Queen Mary and Knox coastal region is likely contribute to sea level rise in the coming centuries.


Substrate complexity is an essential metric of reef health and a strong predictor of several ecological processes connected to the reef, including disturbance, resilience, and associated community abundance and diversity. Underwater Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry has been growing rapidly in use over the last 5 years due to advances in computing power, reduced costs of underwater digital cameras and a push for reproducible data. This has led to the adaptation of an originally terrestrial survey technique into the marine realm, which can now be applied at the habitat scale. This technique allows researchers to make detailed 3D reconstructions of reef surfaces for morphometric analysis of reef physical structure and perform large‐scale image‐mosaic mapping. SfM is useful for both reef‐scale and colony‐scale assessments, where visual or acoustic methods are impractical or not sufficiently detailed. Here we provide a protocol for the collection, analysis and display of 3D reef data, focussing on large‐scale habitat assessments of coral reefs using primarily open‐source software. We further suggest applications for other underwater environments and scales of assessment, and hope this standardized protocol will help researchers apply this technology and inspire new avenues of ecological research.


: Net glucose and free amino nitrogen absorption and insulin output in the pig hepatic portal vein were calculated from portal-arterial concentration differences and portal blood flow measured by thermodilution. Duodenal and jejunal motility were assessed by electromyography. In the fed pig, the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) pattern of motility persisted; glucose and amino nitrogen absorption and insulin secretion all varied with the phase of the MMC, rising to maximum values 19.4 +/- 3.1 min before and falling to minimum values 16.7 +/- 4.4 min after phase III. The variations in glucose absorption with the MMC were caused primarily by changes in duodenal and jejunal motility rather than by changes in the rate of gastric emptying as glucose absorption and insulin secretion varied with the phase of the MMC during duodenal glucose infusions, with maximum values occurring 24.4 +/- 3.3 min before and minimum values 14.9 +/- 2.5 min after phase III activity. The mean glucose absorption time calculated by timing the appearance of glucose in the portal vein following an intraduodenal bolus injection was significantly longer when given in phase I showing that absorption was less rapid when the intestine was not contracting. A significant amount of glucose is metabolized by intestine, as during glucose infusion (500 mg min-1) the average portal glucose absorption (376 mg min-1) was less than the glucose infused.


The Bolshevik revolution of 1917 was one of the most important events of the 20th century. It has been studied from many angles, but never before from the visual perspective of postcards, a surprising number of which were published around the event, many in Russia but also France, England, the USA and other countries. This book brings together a collection of these postcards chronicling the events leading up to the Russian revolution, from the murder in 1905 of Grand Duke Alexander by revolutionaries to the first public events commemorating the newly founded Union of Soviet Socialist Republic. It captures the essence of empire in its dying days, the fading splendour of monarchy, the social unrest and the mood of revolution which swept through the country. It also looks at the after-effects of revolution, including the great famine of 1921. There are satirical sketches of Russia's rulers, royalist and revolutionary propaganda, portraits of the royal family and pictures of ordinary people in the streets. There are also rare images of the leaders of the revolution. This is a unique visual record and provides a fascinating insight into one of the defining events of the 20th century.


Misinterpretations of gastrointestinal alterations can be reduced or eliminated by avoiding sampling/labeling errors, reducing artifact, and gaining familiarity with normal variations for the species under study. The errant thrust of the gastroscopic biopsy forceps can yield mucosa resembling atrophic gastritis; ileal villi taken for jejunal erroneously lead to consideration of sprue-like disorder. Reduction of the postmortem delay prior to fixation is critical for avoiding artifact. Villous epithelial cells separate from basement membrane within 5 to 10 minutes. Flushing saline, water, or fixative through unopened intestine causes intolerable damage to epithelium and villi. The thin-walled intestines of small laboratory species may be fixed unopened, but without dissection gross lesions are overlooked. Osmolarity of the fixative is important for preserving normal shapes of villi. Smooth muscle of the muscularis and villi of the dog contracts vigorously after euthanasia and immediate fixation. Optimum preservation may be had by applying iso-osmolar neutral buffered fixatives to intestinal segments which have been opened, stretched slightly, and pinned to cardboard or styrofoam. The villous height:crypt depth ratios vary among species and among intestinal segments. Shapes vary as well, ileal villi of many species appearing short and Christmas-tree- or thumb-shaped. Dilated lacteals occur occasionally in normal villi. The goblet cell population increases aborally, while the lymphocytic-plasmacytic population of the core increases with age. Eosinophils are a normal component in several species; globule leukocytes are common in others. Mast cells of the villi will be overlooked unless tissues are fixed in Carnoy's solution and stained with Astra or Alcian blue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


Purpose: This study aims to prepare a novel, natural nanoparticle (NP) as a drug carrier, which also has inherent therapeutic effects. Methods: Pistacia khinjuk gum NPs were prepared and Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for statistical analysis of data and optimizing the size of NPs. Results: NPs were in the range of 75.85–241.3 nm. The optimization study was carried out, and an optimized size (70.86nm) was obtained using DMSO as a solvent. The volume of the organic phase was 111.25µl, and the concentration of gum was 1% w/v. The cell viability assay was performed on the pure gum and NPs toward β-TC3, MCF7, and HT29 cell lines. It was observed that NPs have higher cytotoxic activity in comparison with pure gum, and that the IC50value was achieved at 1% of NPs in β-TC3 cells. The obtained NPs demonstrated antibacterial activity against two bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus). Conclusion: Altogether, according to the obtained results, these NPs with inherent cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity are an attractive carrier for drug delivery.


When people desire a product or service, they often have a wide range of alternatives from which to choose. One goal of advertising is to provoke consumers to think of particular brand or company names when the need arises. Because there is a delay between exposure to an advertisement and the purchasing decision, the effect of the message will depend on the consumer's memory (Keller, 1987). This process may be viewed as a paired-associate learning task in which recall of one item (the brand or company name) is prompted by another (the name of the product or service). For example, for Pilgrim Fences, it is hoped that the consumer will recall "Pilgrim" when considering fences (Esser, Die, Seholm, & Pebley, 1986). According to Meyers-Levy (1989), brand names perform three functions for consumers and advertisers: They identify products so that people can differentiate the various alternatives, they influence consumer attitudes towards the product, particularly their perception and evaluation of it and, when the brand names are already familiar, they can be used to increase acceptance of a new offering (the brand extension effect Meyers-Levy, Louie, & Curren, 1994 ). In all three cases, it is important to establish what dimensions make a brand name memorable (Meyers-Levy, 1989). Research on memory for brand names has shown that encoding processes affect recall(Keller, 1987; Saegert & Young, 1983). Particular attention has been given to the effect of pictures on memory for advertisements (Childers & Houston, 1986; Edell & Staelin, 1983; Houston, Childers, & Heckler, 1987). EFFECTS OF PICTURES ON RECALL Print advertisers often use pictures to illustrate the paired brand and product names. This practice is consistent with dual-coding memory theory (Paivio, 1971), according to which recall is enhanced if information is coded in two systems (verbal, imagery) rather than one (usually verbal). The easiest way to portray the names is to include a picture in which each component is displayed separately (e.g., a pilgrim in one part of the picture and a fence in another). Although Paivio (1971, pp. 251, 350) suggests that these pictures would increase prompted recall, research with concrete nouns and with simulated advertising material has produced mixed results. When separate pictures accompany words, performance has been higher (Biron & McKelvie, 1986; Epstein, Rock, & Zuckerman, 1960; Paivio & Yarmey, 1986), lower (MacGregor & McKelvie, 1990; Wollen, Weber, & Lowry, 1972), and not different (Esser et al., 1986; McKelvie, Daprat, Monfette, & Cooper, 1993; Morelli, 1970; Wollen & Lowry, 1971) from performance with words alone. In contrast, there is consistent evidence that recall is enhanced by pictures in which the two components are combined (e.g., the pilgrim is painting the fence). When such "interactive pictures" (Lutz & Lutz, 1977) accompany words, recall is better than with separate pictures or with names alone (Childers & Houston, 1984; Epstein et al., 1960; Esser et al., 1986; Kerst, 1976; Lutz & Lutz, 1977; McKelvie, Cooper, & Monfette, 1992; McKelvie et al., 1993; McKelvie, Sano, & Stout, 1994; Senter & Hoffman, 1976; Wollen & Lowry, 1971; Wollen et al., 1972). These results may be accounted for as follows by Paivio's (1971) imagery mediation hypothesis. Illustrated names are coded both verbally and visually. When a name alone (e.g., fences) is given during the memory test, it arouses a simple visual image corresponding to its illustration (an image of a fence). In turn, that image arouses a compound image corresponding to the interactive picture (an image of a pilgrim painting a fence). Finally, the second simple component of this image (pilgrim) permits retrieval of the verbal response ("pilgrim"). Following others (McKelvie et al., 1993), we propose that this explanation entails two requirements: (a) the two illustrations should be clearly connected (so that the first simple image will arouse the compound image which in turn arouses the image of the second component), and (b) the two individual illustrations should clearly represent the names that they are designed to portray (so that the names given during the test will arouse their simple images and the second simple images will permit retrieval of the response names). …


The religions and their value systems play a crucial role in the history of human civilization. In the past and in the recent time, the value-based religious differences substantially contribute to the societal conflicts. Thus, the research of the values related to the religious orientation is an important task of psychology and other social sciences. This study is aimed to obtain a more complete insight into the differences in the value orientations between the adherents of the seven major religions in the world: Buddhist, Hindu, Jewish, Muslim, Christian Orthodox, Christian Protestant and Christian Catholic. The results clearly demonstrated, (1st), the essential association of the religious or non-religious beliefs with the values, value priorities and value orientations and, (2nd), the substantial differences between religious or non-religious groups in the value systems. These differences are very probably related to the globally observed distinctions between secularism and fundamentalism and underlying ideological and educational doctrines.


Background: The American Board of Plastic Surgery has been collecting practice data on operative repair of flexor tendon lacerations since 2006, as part of its Continuous Certification program. Methods: Data on operative repair of flexor tendon lacerations from 2006 to 2014 were reviewed and compared with those from 2015 to 2020. National practice trends observed in these data were evaluated and reviewed alongside published literature and evidence-based medicine. Results: In total, 780 patients with flexor tendon laceration injuries were included. Mean patient age was 38 years; mean time between tendon injury and first evaluation was 4 days, and the mean time from injury to operative repair was 12 days. Four-strand sutures remain the most common technique of tendon repair (57%). In the recent cohort, there were significant decreases in tourniquet use (94% versus 89%), general anesthesia (88% versus 74%), and monofilament sutures (44% versus 35%), with a significant increase reported in preserving the A1 pulley (20% versus 29%). Postoperative movement was described as "almost full range of motion" or "good" in 70% of cases, and 74% of patients were satisfied with their results. Postoperative adverse events were reported in 26% of cases, with the most common complications being tendon adhesions (14%) and rupture (3%). Conclusions: Review of The American Board of Plastic Surgery tracer data for operative repair of flexor tendon lacerations establishes a framework by which surgeons can evaluate how their current practice aligns with that of their peers, and whether their practice patterns remain current relative to recommendations from evidence-based medicine.


The aim of the present research work was to investigate the potential of emulgel in enhancing the topical delivery of ketoconazole. Emulgel formulations of Ketoconazole were prepared using 2 types of gelling agents: Carbopol 934 and Carbopol 940. The influence of the type of the gelling agent and the concentration of both the oil phase and emulsifying agent on the drug release from the prepared emulgel was investigated using a 23 factorial design. The prepared emulgel were evaluated for their physical appearance, viscosity, drug release, globule size, skin irritation test, antifungal activity, transmission electron microscopy and stability. Commercially available ketoconazole cream was used for comparison. All the prepared emulgel showed acceptable physical properties concerning color, homogeneity, consistency, spreadability, and pH value. The antifungal activity and drug release were found to be higher for optimized formulation as compared to the marketed ketoconazole cream. The highest activity was observed with F1 and F3, where the percentage inhibition found to be 47.5 ±1.15 % and 46.6 ± 1.34 % respectively, as compared marketed product was found 34.43±1.06 %. The drug release from all the emulgel was found to higher 93.8±0.34 %, 76.2±0.65 % at 24 hr. by diffusion-controlled mechanism. No irritation was observed on the skin of the rabbits. Stability studies showed that the physical appearance, rheological study, in vitro drug release, and antifungal activity in all the prepared emulgel remained unchanged upon storage for 3 months. In general conclusion, it was suggested that the emulgel formulation succeed the drug release for sustained drug delivery in a controlled manner in comparison with cream.


A comparison of the motifs in the different versions of the famous Japanese folktale about the D o j o ji Temple leads the author to other tales which share some of the same motifs. In this way, he isolates two motif clusters, one on the theme of the mixed marriage between humans and snakes, and another one centered on the traditions of bell casting. In the D o j o ji Tale these motif clusters seem to have been joined by Buddhist authors eager to employ local pagan tales to write new stories with a Buddhist message. Next, the author translates two Chinese tales in which the same motif clusters appear. Although these tales show unmistakably the influence of popular Taoism, the similarities with the D o j o ji Tale are too striking to be coincidental. In his conclusion, the author proposes that the tales with these motifs were brought from China to Japan before the introduction of Buddhism (552).


Discharge of treated sewage leads to release of antibiotic resistant bacteria, resistance genes and antibiotic residues to the environment. Such pollution can directly contribute to increased morbidity caused by the transmission of resistant fecal pathogens. Residual antibiotics in wastewaters have been speculated to select for resistant bacteria and thereby promote the evolution and emergence of new resistance factors. Increased abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in sewage and sewage-impacted environments may, however, simply be a result of fecal contamination with resistant bacteria rather than caused by an on-site selection pressure. In this study we have disentangled these two alternative scenarios by relating the relative resistance gene abundance to the accompanying extent of fecal pollution in publicly available metagenomic data. This was possible by analyzing the abundance of a newly discovered phage which is exceptionally abundant in, and specific to, human feces. The presence of resistance genes could largely be explained by fecal pollution, with no clear signs of selection in the environment, the only exception being environments polluted by very high levels of antibiotics from manufacturing where selection is evident. Our results demonstrate the necessity to take in to account the fecal pollution levels to avoid making erroneous assumptions regarding environmental selection of antibiotic resistance. The presence or absence of selection pressure has major implications for what the risk scenarios are (transmission versus evolution) and for what mitigations (reducing pathogenic bacteria or selective agents) should be prioritized to reduce health risks related to antibiotic resistance in the environment.


The Seven-Day Weekend: Changing the Way Work Worksby Ricardo SemlerThis book is unlike any business book you have ever read, perhaps with the exception of Ricardo Semler's first book, Maverick: The Success Story Behind the World's Most Unusual Workplace, originally published in 1993.According to Semler:We have to find a better way for work to work. The seven-day workweek is shaping up as a personal, societal, and business disaster. It robs people of passion and pleasure, destroys family and community stability, and sets up business organizations to ultimately fail once they've burned out their employees and burned through ever more manipulative and oppressive strategies (Semler, 2004: ix)BackgroundIn 1993, Ricardo Semler, CEO (self-proclaimed chief enzyme officer) of the $212 million Brazilian company Semco, wrote Maverick: The Success Story Behind the World's Most Unusual Workplace. This book, which has since sold 1.1 million copies worldwide, in many ways challenged and at the same time redefined the way in which employee empowerment could be used to change the popular conception of the workplace. Semco consists of a number of units that are referred to as a federation. These include the industrial machinery unit, SemcoBAC; a partnership with Baltimore Air Coil, Cushman & Wakefield Semco; Semco Johnson Controls, ERM, a partnership with Environmental Resources Management; Semco Ventures, which includes Internet and high-tech ventures; SemcoHR, which manages outsourcing of HR activities; and Semco RGIS, an inventory control firm (Semler, 2004: 15).At Semco workers set their own production quotas and arrive at work anytime between 7:00 A.M. and 9:00 A.M. The company has no organizational chart. Each division sets its own salary structure. all financial information is discussed openly. The company employs no receptionists, secretaries, or personal assistants. No one has a personalized parking spaces or a dress codes. At Semco, the standard policy is to have no policy. Today, Semco employs 3,000 people in three countries working in manufacturing, professional services, and high-tech software. Staff turnover is virtually nonexistent.The Seven Day WeekendWhen I first heard that Ricardo Semler had written a second book I was actually excited. Not in the way someone would be excited about a month long vacation or a job promotion, but because his first book was in so many ways a revolutionary way to look at how organizational culture can change, I could not wait to read the second. The problem was that the book was originally only available in Europe. When the later book finally arrived, I knew that The Seven-day Weekend: Changing the Way Work Works was worth the wait by simply looking at the table of contents. Immediately after the acknowledgements and the forward were the nine chapter titles, each one named for a day of the week, beginning with "Any Day," then moving through each day of the week, and ending with "Every Day."With the exception of the chapters on Friday and Saturday, Monday is the only chapter in the entire book that actually speaks to the point of reinventing the workweek in terms of setting your own work schedule.Drop the traditional notions of a workweek and a weekend, and divide the seven days among company time, personal time, and idleness (free time). Rearrange your schedule to work when most other people don't. Arrange a workweek to sleep according to biorhythms rather than a time clock, and enjoy a sunny Monday on the beach after working through a chilly Sunday" (Semler, 2004: 24).Semler points out that "we no longer grasp the difference between leisure time and being idle" (Semler, 2004: 22. He uses the example of going to the beach. Even at the beach most people are pre-occupied with reading, tanning, looking for shells, walking, swimming, and watching children. Where is the true idleness? just doing absolutely NOTHING! …


In this paper, we consider multi-agent H∞ consensus control problems with external disturbance under the undirected switching topologies. The agent dynamics is expressed in the form of a second-order model and the control laws are neighbor-based feedback laws. By using the model transformation, the multi-agent H∞ consensus control problem is converted into H∞ control problem for a switching linear system with special structure. A sufficient condition is established under which all agents can reach consensus with the desired H∞ performance in switching topology case by constructing a parameter-dependent common Lyapunov function. Moreover, we give an explicit estimation expression to estimate H∞ performance index. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of our results.


In this paper, generalized forms of amplitude and intensity K-distributions are proposed to model multilook synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. The approach is based upon a product model in which the amplitude and intensity distributions of the SAR backscatter component are assumed to be Laguerre orthogonal expansions of the traditional clutter distribution. The SAR intensity and amplitude probability density functions (pdfs) are derived and turn out to be the weighted combination of a series of K-distributions. Several theoretical and implementation issues regarding the proposed generalization are discussed. Comparative experimental results using real SAR data indicates that these generalized forms of K may allow better estimation of the SAR pdf than that of the traditional K distribution.


Propositional satisfiability (SAT) solvers based on conflict directed clause learning (CDCL) implicitly produce resolution refutations of unsatisfiable formulas. The precise class of formulas for which they can produce polynomial size refutations has been the subject of several studies, with special focus on the clause learning aspect of these solvers. The results, however, assume the use of non-standard and non-asserting learning schemes, or rely on polynomially many restarts for simulating individual steps of a resolution refutation, or work with a theoretical model that significantly deviates from certain key aspects of all modern CDCL solvers such as learning only one asserting clause from each conflict and other techniques such as conflict guided backjumping and phase saving. We study non-restarting CDCL solvers that learn only one asserting clause per conflict and show that, with simple preprocessing that depends only on the number of variables of the input formula, such solvers can polynomially simulate resolution. We show, moreover, that this preprocessing allows one to convert any CDCL solver to one that is non-restarting.


The attenuation of seismic shear waves in the mantle beneath the eastern Australian and Antarctic plates is analyzed using a large data set of multiple ScSn waves, reflected n times at the core-mantle boundary and (n-1) times at the surface. The data are the transverse components of deep earthquakes from the subduction zones north and east of Australia, recorded at stations in Antarctica, Australia, Indonesia, New Caledonia and New Zealand. The data are filtered with narrow band-pass filters at 5 frequencies in the range 0.013-0.040 Hz. The ScSn+1/ScSn amplitude ratios of successive ScS phases are compared to the ratios computed for synthetic seismograms for the same paths and same focal mechanisms, in order to eliminate the effects of source radiation and geometric attenuation. The synthetic seismograms are computed from a summation of toroidal modes for the 1-D reference model PREM (Dziewonski & Anderson 1981). The observed to computed spectral ratios appear consistent for similar paths. They reveal that the attenuation is not frequency dependent, that the contribution of scattering to attenuation is low, and that the PREM model is a valuable reference model for the study region at the considered frequencies. An inversion of the data at 0.026 Hz is performed to retrieve the quality factor Q in the upper mantle, in regions defined using a priori constraints inferred from seismic shear velocities. Q-values close to those of PREM are found beneath the Australian and Antarctic cratons, lower values beneath the Eastern Australian Phanerozoic margin, and very low values beneath the oceanic region between Australia and Antarctica, where ridges and a triple junction are present. The Australian-Antarctic Discordance along the South-Indian ridge appears as an exception with a Q-value close to those of stable continents. The highest Q-values are found beneath the subduction zones, a feature which is not apparent in global attenuation models possibly because of its narrow lateral extension, and because it extends at depths larger than those sampled by surface waves. Despite limitations due to the uneven distribution of the ScSn bounce points at the surface and to the difficulty of collecting a large number of high quality data, our approach appears very promising. It is complementary to the more widely used determination of seismic attenuation using surface waves because it provides increased depth coverage, and a broader spectral coverage. It therefore has a considerable potential in future investigations of mantle structure and dynamics.


Sam Selvon's The Lonely Londoners is considered a classic of West Indian literature in the style
 of Migrant Modernism (Brown 2013). First published in post-war London in 1956, it was
 not translated into Spanish until 2016, probably due to the challenging features of the novel and its language. A case of text
 creolisation (Buzelin 2000), the translation of the novel required an active effort to
 construct a language variant that could convey Selvon's peculiar literary style and sociopolitical intent. The present work aims
 to investigate the images of West Indians portrayed in the original novel and, more specifically, how they are transposed into the
 Spanish text. The research method includes an account of the editorial process, an interview with the translator, and an analysis
 of the paratexts and translation excerpts. Finally, the reception of the translation in literary reviews shall also be
 discussed.


Due to large amounts of cash in transit, security vehicles have become preferred targets for armed robberies. Cash-intransit guards have to work under dangerous and life-threatening conditions, as transporting goods, particularly cash, has become an increasingly risky task in South Africa. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the potential valuable impact of social support on employees' susceptibility to job burnout. Cash in transit employees may suffer from burnout due to a prolonged response to occupational stressors and a lack of social support. Social support may serve as a buffer to occupational stress. This study argues that the level of burnout is strongly influenced by a lack of social support and a stressful work environment. A voluntary sample of cash in transit security guards (n = 65) was obtained from two private security companies in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of validated scales was distributed amongst employees. Inferential statistics suggest that social support plays a potentially valuable role in reducing cash in transit employees' susceptibility to job burnout. Furthermore, the results suggest that a dangerous, unsafe and stressful work environment may increase the risk of job burnout among cash in transit employees, and certain organizational interventions are necessary to minimize the effect thereof.


Organizations are required to evaluate their programs for both learning and accountability purposes, which has increased the need to build their internal evaluation capacity. A remaining challenge is access to tools that lead to valid evidence supporting internal capacity development. The authors share practical insights from the development and use of the Evaluation Capacity Needs Assessment tool and framework and implications for using its data to make concrete decisions within Canadian contexts. The article refers to validity evidence generated from factor analyses and structural equation modelling and describes how applying the framework can be used to identify individual and organizational evaluation capacity strengths and gaps, concluding with practice considerations and future directions for this work.


The crystal structure of L-glutamine is stabilized by a three-dimensional network of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. We utilize plane-wave density functional theory lattice-dynamics calculations within the generalized-gradient approximation (GGA), Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE), PBE for solids (PBEsol), PBE with Wu–Cohen exchange (WC), and dispersion-corrected PBE, to investigate the effect of these intermolecular contacts on the absorption spectra of glutamine in the terahertz frequency range. Among these calculations, the solid-state simulated results obtained using the WC method exhibit a good agreement with the measured absorption spectra, and the absorption features are assigned with the help of WC. This indicates that the vibrational modes of glutamine were related to the combination of intramolecular and intermolecular motions, the intramolecular modes were dominated by rocking or torsion involving functional groups; the intermolecular modes mainly result from the translational motions of individual molecules, and the rocking of the hydrogen-bonded functional groups.


As time goes by the increase in motorized vehicles, especially two wheels in the city of Surabaya, the volume increases, the growth of facilities for the maintenance of motorized vehicles such as motorbikes should be balanced with the number of motorized vehicles in circulation. Small and medium enterprises (UKM) motorbike workshops have a positive influence to continue to be developed to empower the surrounding community and provide employment so that it can help reduce the unemployment rate with the demand for labor. One way to increase the demand for labor, among others, is to streamline wage rates, capital, income and the number of business units. So after the author conducted the study, get the results of the study as follows. Wages and the number of business units do not affect the level of demand for labor in small and medium-sized motorbike workshops in the area of south Surabaya. Then Capital and Revenue affect the level of demand for labor in small and medium sized businesses, motorcycle workshops in the area of South Surabaya.


How does experience become a psychoanalytic idea? The case of Ferenczi may provide an answer. Ferenczi played an important and yet controversial role in the development of psychoanalysis. Most of the past Ferenczi studies are either about Ferenczi's psychoanalytic ideas or life. The former usually point towards Ferenczi's foresight and creativity in advancing the psychoanalytic movement. The latter, focus more on his relationship with Freud, especially his suffering and wounds, see him more as a victim. These two streams of research, however, rarely cross over one another. This thesis, a psycho-biographical one, provides this missing perspective.

Ferenczi is noted for his introjective character, as Borgogno (2011) names him the 'introjective psychoanalyst'. Amongst Ferenczi's ideas, Introjection is chosen for this study because the phenomenon behind this concept may be prevalent in his relationship with Freud. This relationship is for him to gestate his ideas, not just intellectually but experientially, i.e., psychoanalytically. Given Ferenczi's merging life with psychoanalysis, it is hypothesized that as and before Ferenczi writes about Introjection, he has been living it in this relationship.

I search for evidence for this hypothesis by meticulous mapping of the connection between this relationship and Ferenczi's writings, using historical documents, notably correspondence, and published papers, available. In this historiographic and conceptual study, I strive for a more historically informed position between denigration and idealization in the restoration of Ferenczi and his idea. It is important, given the controversial nature of his character and ideas. This study would throw light on Ferenczi's inner and relational world and their connection to introjection. It is concluded that the hypothesis is supported. Although Ferenczi pays a price, his idea evolves and lives on. This thesis contributes to an understanding of the making of an idea and advancement of knowledge in the history of psychoanalysis.


Bamboo kraft pulp with Kappa number of 25.6 was sampled, and oxygen delignification was applied to bleach these bamboo pulp samples. By investigating yield, Kappa number, viscosity, brightness of pulp, and delignification selectivity, it has been proven that caustic soda dosage and reaction temperature were major factors for oxygen delignification. The optimal conditions for oxygen delignification were proposed as follows: alkali dosage of 3.5% on o.d. pulp-mass, reaction temperature of 85°C, oxygen pressure of 0.6 MPa, and temperature retention time of 80 min. Two stages of oxygen delignification were used and no washing between the two was required. It was found that delignification efficiency and selectivity to lignin-removal were improved significantly. In addition, adding hydroquinone compounds during oxygen delignification can improve the qualities greatly such as higher viscosity and better selectivity of delignification.


D-Threonine aldolase is an enzyme belonging to the glycine-dependent aldolases, and it catalyzes the reversible aldol reaction of glycine and acetaldehyde to give D-threonine and/or D-allo-threonine. In this study, a putative D-threonine aldolase gene from Delftia sp. RIT313 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The purified enzyme (DrDTA, 47 KDa) exhibited 21.3 U mg−1 activity for the aldol addition of glycine and acetaldehyde in MES-NaOH buffer (pH 6.0) at 50 °C. Both pyridoxal 5′-phosphate and metal ions were needed for the reaction, and the existence of the metal ions enhanced the stability of the enzyme. It was found that the conversion and Cβ-stereoselectivity were dramatically influenced by the reaction temperature, co-solvent, amount of enzyme and reaction time, and it is possible to enable the reaction under kinetic control to retain suitable conversion and high stereoselectivity at the β-carbon, thus tackling the "Cβ-stereoselectivity problem". DrDTA showed high activity toward aromatic aldehydes with electron-withdrawing substituents. Under the optimized reaction conditions, phenylserines with a 2′-fluoro- or 3′-nitro-substituent were obtained with >90% conversion and >90% de. In addition, DL-threo-phenylserine and DL-threo-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenylserine were efficiently resolved with an excellent enantiomeric excess value (ee, >99%) using a whole cell biocatalyst in a two-phase system at 1.0 M and 0.3 M, respectively, the highest substrate concentration reported so far. These results suggested that DrDTA might be a promising biocatalyst for producing chiral aromatic β-hydroxy-α-amino acids.


Gender is a crosscutting issue that attracts the attention of development professionals, policy makers and politicians. It is due to the fact that in any development, interventions involvement of women has become compulsory. To this end, considering the roles of men and women is very important, and gender roles vary across culture. In Ethiopia where agriculture is the backbone of the economy, the participation of women in the field is very high. Though men are taking the lion's share in agricultural production, the contribution of women has also been an undeniable fact. Rural Ethiopian women must work up to twice as many hours per day compared to men, since they are primarily responsible for their households, including gathering firewood and water, cooking, cleaning, and providing child care. The contribution of women to agricultural and food production is significant but it is impossible to verify empirically the share produced by women. This paper re-affirms that women make essential contributions to agriculture and rural enterprises across the developing world. But there is much diversity in women's roles and over-generalization undermines policy relevance and planning.

 Key words: Gender, women, gender role, agricultural extension.


Leveraging massive electronic health records (EHR) brings tremendous promises to advance clinical and precision medicine informatics research. However, it is very challenging to directly work with multifaceted patient information encoded in their EHR data. Deriving effective representations of patient EHRs is a crucial step to bridge raw EHR information and the endpoint analytical tasks, such as risk prediction or disease subtyping. In this paper, we propose Health-ATM, a novel and integrated deep architecture to uncover patients' comprehensive health information from their noisy, longitudinal, heterogeneous and irregular EHR data. HealthATM extracts comprehensive multifaceted patient information patterns with attentive and time-aware modulars (ATM) and a hybrid network structure composed of both Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The learned features are finally fed into a prediction layer to conduct the risk prediction task. We evaluated the Health-ATM on both artificial and real world EHR corpus and demonstrated its promising utility and efficacy on representation learning and disease onset predictions.


Information systems are complex and because society heavily depends on them, they have to be developed using the right enterprise architecture frameworks (EAFs). Although some major EAFs have been developed for more than a decade, information systems still fail to satisfy demands that organizations face and this reduces their competitive abilities. The failure may be due to the fact that either the right frameworks are not employed in architecture design or the EAFs are not complete to support specific architecture design. Organizations still have difficulties in identifying an appropriate EAF and the EAF perspectives and aspects suitable for their organizations. This paper claims that selecting the right EAF for architectural design plays a crucial role in system development as a first step in a process that turns a requirements specification into a working software and hardware system. To help organizations systematically select the best EAF for the usages they envisage, this paper proposes the Enterprise Architecture Framework Selection Scheme (EAFSS).


Bioenergy has important roles to tackle climate change and lower dependence on fossil fuel use. In addition to other renewables such as solar, wind, and hydropower, bioenergy is needed for transformation of the global energy sector from fossil fuels dominated to renewable and carbon-neutral by the 2050. Bioenergy has been promoted by both national and international policies to increase the share of renewable energy supply. In addition to the increase of modern bioenergy consumption, a large difference between regions with a surplus of biomass and regions with high (renewable) energy demand and limited biomass resources has fostered international biomass trade of solid biomass and liquid biofuels. Although the role of bioenergy in the energy transition is recognised, the growth of modern bioenergy and international bioenergy trade has led to environmental concerns of stakeholders. These include low reduction of GHG emissions; unsustainable forest management; negative impacts on biodiversity, soil, and water. Also social and economic concerns particularly in sourcing countries are addressed by some stakeholder groups. Production and mobilisation of sustainable biomass, particularly in international sourcing countries has not yet been comprehensively investigated. Therefore, certain stakeholder groups consider that only limited sustainable biomass would be available for bioenergy production. To respond to these concerns, linked to policy support for bioenergy, efforts have been made towards sustainable governance of bioenergy through legislation, implementation of voluntary sustainability criteria and certification, and best practices. For example, the Renewable Energy Directive (RED I) established EU wide legally binding sustainability criteria to biofuels and other liquid fuels in 2009. Some national legislations and industrial initiatives in the EU have also implemented a set of sustainability criteria for solid biomass. Since 2018, more comprehensive and additional binding sustainability criteria have been defined in the Renewable Energy Directive Recast (RED II) for the whole bioenergy sectors. However, the aforementioned sustainability concerns have not yet been fully addressed. Currently, the global export regions of wood pellets for bioenergy include the US, Canada, and Russia. Other regions such as Estonia and Vietnam are also expected to be large export regions. In addition to wood pellets and biofuels, other biomass types such as wood chips, industrial round-woods, and particles of which by-products can be used indirectly for energy purposes, are expected to be highly traded internationally. Investigation of biomass export potentials with low costs is considered important for import regions to reduce their national dependence on fossil fuels import. In addition to competitive export potentials, investigation of sustainable lignocellulosic biomass potentials is important for the EU and other import regions to reduce GHG emissions in the energy sectors and assure sustainability of bioenergy. The main objective of this thesis is thus to investigate the required conditions for the bioenergy sector to move towards more sustainable pathways. The thesis focuses on lignocellulosic feedstocks that are considered promising for the production of bio-based products as well as biofuels, heat, and electricity. The following research questions are addressed: I. What are different concerns raised by stakeholders regarding environmental, socio- economic impacts of bioenergy? What are their position and vision towards sustainable bioenergy? II. What are the main factors determining sustainable biomass potentials in various sourcing regions? What are the resulting sustainable export potentials? III. What are effective sustainability criteria for bioenergy, taking into account wider sustainability concerns and practial implementation issues?


The velocity fields of a turbulent wake behind a flat plate obtained from the direct numerical simulations of Moser et al. (1998) are used to study the structure of the flow in the intermittent zone where there are, alternately, regions of fully turbulent flow and non-turbulent velocity fluctuations on either side of a thin randomly moving interface. Comparisons are made with a wake that is 'forced' by amplifying initial velocity fluctuations. A temperature field T, with constant values of 1.0 and 0 above and below the wake, is transported across the wake as a passive scalar. The value of the Reynolds number based on the centreplane mean velocity defect and half-width b of the wake is Re ≈ 2000. The thickness of the continuous interface is about 0.07b, whereas the amplitude of fluctuations of the instantaneous interface displacement yI(t) is an order of magnitude larger, being about 0.5b. This explains why the mean statistics of vorticity in the intermittent zone can be calculated in terms of the probability distribution of yI and the instantaneous discontinuity in vorticity across the interface. When plotted as functions of y−yI the conditional mean velocity 〈U〉 and temperature 〈T〉 profiles show sharp jumps at the interface adjacent to a thick zone where 〈U〉 and 〈T〉 vary much more slowly. Statistics for the conditional vorticity and velocity variances, available in such detail only from DNS data, show how streamwise and spanwise components of vorticity are generated by vortex stretching in the bulges of the interface. While mean Reynolds stresses (in the fixed reference frame) decrease gradually in the intermittent zone, conditional stresses are roughly constant and then decrease sharply towards zero at the interface. Flow fields around the interface, analysed in terms of the local streamline pattern, confirm and explain previous results that the advancement of the vortical interface into the irrotational flow is driven by large-scale eddy motion. Terms used in one-point turbulence models are evaluated both conventionally and conditionally in the interface region, and the current practice in statistical models of approximating entrainment by a diffusion process is assessed.


Aims Following the introduction of conjugate childhood vaccines and declining trends in meningococcal disease over the past decade, community-acquired serious invasive bacterial infections in children have become less common but hospital admissions continue to rise. The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of serious culture-confirmed invasive bacterial infections in children within a geographically-defined population over a three-year period. Methods Blood and cerebrospinal fluid culture (CSF) results for all children aged 1 month to 16 years admitted to five South-West London (SWL) and Surrey hospitals during 2009–11 were obtained at regular intervals from each hospital microbiology department and a web-based questionnaire completed for all children with a positive culture. Hospital-acquired infection was defined as a significant pathogen isolated from a blood/CSF culture taken >48 hours after hospital admission. Results During 2009–11, 44,118 children had 46,039 admissions to one of the five Hospitals, equivalent to 25.8 admissions per 1,000 children resident in SWL and Surrey. Blood/CSF cultures were obtained during 44.7% (n = 20,578) of admissions and 7.4% (n = 1,530) had a positive culture. Of these, only 571 were defined as a clinically significant serious bacterial infection (SBI), equivalent to 37.3% of positive blood/CSF cultures, 2.8% of all blood/CSF cultures taken and 1.2% of all hospital admissions. The population incidence of SBI in SWL and Surrey was, therefore, 31.9/100,000, with the highest incidence among 1–11 month-olds (172/100,000), followed by 1–4 year-olds (34.3/100,000) and 5–15 year-olds (16.4/100,000). A third of the SBI (208/571, 36.4%), however, were hospital-acquired and, of the community-acquired infections, more than two-thirds (252/363, 69.4%) occurred in children with co-morbidities. The incidence of community-acquired SBI in previously healthy children in SWL and Surrey was, therefore, only 6.2/100,000, with the highest incidence among 1–11 month-olds (33.9/100,000), followed by 1–4 year-olds (6.5/100,000) and 5–15 year-olds (3.2/100,000). Conclusions Although a SBI was suspected in almost half of all childhood hospital admissions in SWL and Surrey, a significant pathogen was identified in only 3%, mainly among children with pre-existing co-morbidities. Improved targeting of children at very low risk of a SBI at presentation will facilitate increased management of unw.


In this paper, through analytical and synthetic methods, where the central place is occupied by content analysis, comparative and historical-comparative analysis, we consider the general legal principle of mutual trust, which is applied in several areas of social relations governed by European Union law and which has not yet been incorporated into the founding treaties. In terms of content, we determine general legal principles, and by pointing out their historical development from the Montan Union to Lisbon, we make a distinction between them and the basic principles on which the European Union lays and which are, among other things, essentially related to open economy and free competition, supremacy of Union law in relation to laws of the Member States, autonomy of European organization law, its direct application, direct effect, etc. We separate the general legal principles from the general principles characteristical for each separate area that is regulated in the law of the European organization. This research will clearly show the significance of the case-law of the Court of Justice in positioning the principle of mutual trust in the system of general legal principles of the Union. For the purposes of this paper, we separate situations in which the principle of mutual trust acts between the Member States from situations in which it operates between the Member States and the European organization. In the end, we present key considerations.


The possible relationship between the design of tennis rackets and the prevalence of arm injuries has been considered. The current understanding of the question and related subjects has been surveyed by reviewing the published scientific literature and discussion with and written input from clinicians working in sports medicine. Commissioned by the International Tennis Federation, the survey concluded that the physical mechanics of the tennis racket, and the racket/ball interaction, are currently reasonably well understood. There is also some good understanding of the influence of the player's grip on the racket, and, conversely, of the effect of the ball-racket impact on the player's arm in tennis of the transfer of an impulsive jerk and a subsequent brief vibration. Significant critical gaps in current knowledge exist and have been identified.


As the contours of the globalized digital information society become apparent, so does the need for a reform of translation rights within the intellectual property regime. The history of translation rights provides insights that help us understand the underlying economic and political tensions in copyright negotiations today. The various versions of agency in translation studies, which run parallel to recent interactive technologies, destabilize important notions in copyright law, such as authorship, originality, and the idea-expression dichotomy. Finally, translational ethics can perhaps contribute to redirect current dialogues on copyright and language policy towards increased interdisciplinarity and internationalism, in part, as a result of decentralizing power.


Within the EU-project TRADEOFF, the impact of NO x (=NO+NO 2 ) emissions from subsonic aviation upon the chemical composition of the atmosphere has been calculated with focus on changes in reactive nitrogen and ozone. We apply a 3-D chemical transport model that includes comprehensive chemistry for both the troposphere and the stratosphere and uses various aircraft emission scenarios developed during TRADEOFF for the year 2000. The environmental effects of enhanced air traffic along polar routes and of possible changes in cruising altitude are investigated, taking into account effects of flight route changes on fuel consumption and emissions. In a reference case including both civil and military aircraft the model predicts aircraft-induced maximum increases of zonal-mean NO y (=total reactive nitrogen) between 156 pptv (August) and 322 pptv (May) in the tropopause region of the Northern Hemisphere. Resulting maximum increases in zonal-mean ozone vary between 3.1 ppbv in September and 7.7 ppbv in June. Enhanced use of polar routes implies substantially larger zonal-mean ozone increases in high Northern latitudes during summer, while the effect is negligible in winter. Lowering the flight altitude leads to smaller ozone increases in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere, and to larger ozone increases at altitudes below. Regarding total ozone change, the degree of cancellation between these two effects depends on latitude and season, but annually and globally averaged the contribution from higher altitudes dominates, mainly due to washout of NO y in the troposphere, which weakens the tropospheric increase. Raising flight altitudes increases the ozone burden both in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere, primarily due to a more efficient accumulation of pollutants in the stratosphere.


Over the past two centuries, Massachusetts workers have fought for many important advances that would later be enjoyed by other Americans. The right to organize, restrictions on work hours and child labor, and workers' compensation were all pioneered in the Commonwealth. From the 1825 strike of Boston carpenters for a ten-hour day to recent victories in hospitals and universities, Massachusetts workers and their unions have been in the forefront of the battle for dignity and justice. This book tells their story. In eighteen chapters, beginning with the first industrial workers in the nation - the Lowell "mill girls" - the authors describe the struggles of working men and women to improve their lives. In the process, the book provides a valuable perspective on the development of the American labor movement.


When implementing Fourier optics simulations on the computer it is necessary to represent functions by discrete arrays of sampled values and apply transform and processing methods designed for these discrete signals. To come as close as possible to simulating continuous space, it would be great to model the physical elements with a gazillion samples. However, computer memory and execution
time limitations won't allow this. Thus, devising practical Fourier optics simulations becomes an act of balancing acceptable sampling artifacts and available computer resources. This chapter begins to address this matter with discussions of the sampling of continuous functions, the Shannon-Nyquist sampling theorem, and the concept of effective bandwidth. The remainder of the chapter concerns the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), the workhorse tool for
computational Fourier analysis. We look at its relationship with the analytic transform, describe implementation details, and discuss how DFT results differ from the analog world. 2.1 Sampling and the Shannon-Nyquist Sampling Theorem Consider the two-dimensional (2D) analytic function g(x,y) and suppose it is sampled in a uniform manner (Fig. 2.1) in the x and y directions, which is indicated by (2.1) where the sample interval is Δx in the x direction and Δy in the y direction, and m and n are integer-valued indices of the samples. The respective sample rates are 1/Δx and 1/Δy. In practice, the sampled space is finite and, assuming it is composed of M • N samples in the x and y directions, respectively, m and n are often defined with the following values: (2.2)


BACKGROUND
Leiomyosarcomas are rare tumors in the pediatric age group, and occurrence of this neoplasm in the oral cavity is exceedingly rare. This article highlights the fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology diagnosis of a case of recurrent oral leiomyosarcoma in childhood.

CASE
An 11-year-old male noticed a swelling in the oral cavity near the left lower jaw. It was excised and diagnosed as leiomyosarcoma on histopathology. Four months later the patient presented with a progressive swelling in the oral cavity that extended to the lower jaw. The recurrent swelling was subjected to FNA, and its cytologic features were consistent with leiomyosarcoma. There was a very good initial response to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. However, because of noncompliance with advice for further therapy, the patient had a second local recurrence and dissemination of the disease to the skeletal system, abdomen and thorax. FNA cytology diagnosis of the second locally recurrent lesion and abdominal mass were consistent with leiomyosarcoma. Immunocytochemical staining revealed a positive reaction in the cytoplasm of tumor cells for vimentin and desmin in the FNA smear and paraffin section, respectively.

CONCLUSION
Fine needle aspiration cytology is a useful technique for detection of recurrence and metastasis during follow-up of childhood oral leiomyosarcoma.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
During the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel, people residing in continuing care retirement communities (CCRC) found themselves under strict instructions to self-isolate, imposed by the CCRC managements before, during, and after the nationwide lockdown. The present study explored the personal experiences of CCRC residents during the lockdown.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In-depth interviews were conducted with 24 CCRC residents from 13 different CCRCs. Authors performed a thematic analysis of interview transcripts, using constant comparisons and contrasts.

RESULTS
Three major themes were identified: a).

US VS. THEM: OTHERS ARE WORSE OFF
Older residents engaged in constant attempts to compare their situation to that of others. The overall message behind these downward comparisons was that the situation is not so bad, as others are in a worse predicament; b).

US VS. THEM: POWER IMBALANCE
This comparison emphasized the unbalanced power-relations between older adults and the staff and management in the setting; and c).

"WE HAVE BECOME PRISONERS OF OUR OWN AGE."
Interviewees described strong emotions of despair, depression and anger, which were intensified when the rest of society returned back to a new routine, while they were still under lockdown.

DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS
The measures imposed on residents by managements of CCRCs during the lockdown, and the emotional responses of distress among some of the residents, revealed that CCRCs have components of total institutions, not normally evident. This underscores the hidden emotional costs of the lockdown among those whose autonomy was compromised.


We present a case of pulmonary thromboembolism in a young patient triggered by a long haul travel, in which a homocygotic mutation in the gene of the metilentetrahidrofolate reductase was demonstrated. This mutation can cause hyperhomocysteinemia that is a recognized risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE). In the management of these patients, the levels of homocysteine should be lowered, as well as use of thromboprophylaxis before transitory risk situations. It is important to know when the screening should be performed, because they are behind an important number of cases of VTE.