EVALUATION OF HEALTH NEWSLETTER EFFECTIVENESS ON DIETARY HABITS IN LOW-INCOME MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN There is little known about the effectiveness of the SagePlus newsletters at motivating dietary habit changes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the SagePlus newsletter in motivating low-income, middle-aged women who are participating in the SagePlus program to adopt healthier eating habits, specifically to eat more fruits and vegetables. A nonexperimental, descriptive correlational design was used in this study. Phone calls were placed to current SagePlus participants who had been enrolled in the program between six and 12 months. Forty English-speaking participants were contacted and agreed to participate in the telephone survey from a potential list of 190 participants. A modified questionnaire containing 20 multiple choice and openended questions was used for data collection. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 12. This study found that the participants were motivated to work on and increase their intake of fruits and vegetables. A majority of the participants (70.5%) felt that the newsletter impacted their fruit and vegetable intake. Sixty-five percent of the women who participated in this study increased their fruit intake and 55% increased their daily vegetable intake between the time of enrollment in the program to the time of survey participation. The majority of the participants (72.7%) thought that the newsletter was able to motivate them to work toward working on their dietary goals throughout the month. Healthcare providers can promote healthy dietary change by the use of newsletters. The findings of this study support the use of the SagePlus newsletter as a tool to motivate middle-aged, low-income women to make dietary changes.


Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are the etiologic agents of cryptococcosis, whose suitable treatment depends on rapid and correct detection and differentiation of the Cryptococcus species. Currently, this identification is made by classical and molecular techniques; however most of them are considered laborious and expensive. As an alternative method to discriminate C. gattii and C. neoformans, excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy combined with multivariate classification methods, Unfolded Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (UPLS-DA), multiway-Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (nPLS-DA), Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Successive Projection Algorithm (SPA) and Genetic Algorithm (GA), followed by Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA) was herein investigated. This technique showed to be an innovative and low cost methodology which requires a small sample volume. Among the methods, the most successful model was UGA-LDA, which showed a sensitivity of 88.9% within only 5 selected wavelengths in calibration and 100.0% prediction for both classes of C. neoformans and C. gattii, equaling or surpassing some of the biological tests that are usually carried out to differentiate these fungi.


Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) is an imperative for next-generation Machine-Type Communications (MTC) to alleviate the shortcomings of Cloud Computing (CC) infrastructures in terms of service delays and network loads. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is an application area of MTC that utilizes edge network nodes and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication technologies to leverage the benefits of MEC resources such as caching popular content data in nearby edge devices and eliminating redundant data fetching operations. This paper tackles the optimal data caching problem in geographically distributed edge networks and proposes Online Monte CArlo planning based data caching (OMCA) scheme for vehicular environments. Considering multi-dimensional Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements in the ITS domain, OMCA uses Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) al-gorithm with subgoal based temporal abstractions for au-tomatically discovering and optimizing data caching actions. Employing the BeIntelli smart mobility platform of TU Berlin, we compare the performance of our approach with traditional as well as Reinforcement Learning (RL) based methods in terms of cache hit ratio for varying network sizes and cache capacities. Our results show that OMCA utilizes edge network cache resources more effectively compared to other techniques and outperforms MCTS, Deep Q-Learning (DQL) as well as recency based popular caching policies.


Accurate sentiment analysis models encode the sentiment of words and their combinations to predict the overall sentiment of a sentence. This task becomes challenging when applied to morphologically rich languages (MRL). In this article, we evaluate the use of deep learning advances, namely the Recursive Neural Tensor Networks (RNTN), for sentiment analysis in Arabic as a case study of MRLs. While Arabic may not be considered the only representative of all MRLs, the challenges faced and proposed solutions in Arabic are common to many other MRLs. We identify, illustrate, and address MRL-related challenges and show how RNTN is affected by the morphological richness and orthographic ambiguity of the Arabic language. To address the challenges with sentiment extraction from text in MRL, we propose to explore different orthographic features as well as different morphological features at multiple levels of abstraction ranging from raw words to roots. A key requirement for RNTN is the availability of a sentiment treebank; a collection of syntactic parse trees annotated for sentiment at all levels of constituency and that currently only exists in English. Therefore, our contribution also includes the creation of the first Arabic Sentiment Treebank (ArSenTB) that is morphologically and orthographically enriched. Experimental results show that, compared to the basic RNTN proposed for English, our solution achieves significant improvements up to 8% absolute at the phrase level and 10.8% absolute at the sentence level, measured by average F1 score. It also outperforms well-known classifiers including Support Vector Machines, Recursive Auto Encoders, and Long Short-Term Memory by 7.6%, 3.2%, and 1.6% absolute respectively, all models being trained with similar morphological considerations.


Background. The literature local venture out; 1) l to migration of talent from universities and emergent, stay in universities and developed talents return to his alma mater; 2) acculturation, multiculturalism and interculturality as management systems for the expulsion and reception of migrants; 3) the adaptation of migrant workers and the assimilation and selection of talents, as well as the identity in both; 4) the inexorability between community worker entrepreneurship and academic talent entrepreneurship.
Objective. Specify a model of local entrepreneurship based on a review and discussion of theoretical, conceptual and empirical frameworks related to the migration of workers and talents.
Method. A documentary study was conducted with a selection of indexed sources during the period from 2010 to 2019 in repositories in Latin America.
Results. The model specified included after hypothesis of correlational trajectories between the assimilation, selectivity and identity variables reviewed in the state of knowledge.
Discussion. From the approaches of acculturation, multiculturalism and interculturality, the inclusion of explanatory variables of equitable relations between economic, political and social actors is noted.
Conclusion. The specification of the model can only be checked if it is possible to observe inter-culturalism in the public policies of micro-financing of entrepreneurial projects for local development.


Shallot is one of horticulture commodities which obtains huge interest on national level in the period 2015 to 2019. In addition, it is also strategic horticulture commodities in national level. Pati Regency is one of regencies in Central Java which is prospective to cultivate. However, there are several problems, for example production and productivity decreased in 2012 to 2015. The other problems is small of production scale and few of shallot farming in Pati Regency. Shallot farming competes to commodities farming others in Pati Regency. Except shallot farming, the main farming in Pati Regency is rice farming. To take on globalization era, farmers should increase the competitiveness. Consequently, analysis of shallot competitivenss to rice farming in Pati Regency has to be conducted.
The data were taken on October, 2017. Farming data were taken in three sub-districts in Pati Regency. There were Wedarijaksa, Jaken, and Batangan. The marketing data were taken in Pati, Semarang, and Jakarta. The Farmers were taken by interview with 33 farmers choosen by convenience sampling. The marketing actors were taken by interview choosen by snowball sampling. Production factors, tecnical, economic, and allocative efficiency were analysed by Frontier 4.1. Analysis of B/C Ratio, benefit risk, marketing margins and distribution of marketing margins were analysed by Microsoft Excell.
The result of Stochastic Frontier Cobb-Douglas showed that several inputs influence significantly to shallot and rice production. The inputs influencing significantly to shallot production were land, seeds, organic fertilizer, and labour and the inputs influencing significantly to rice production were land, seeds, and organic fertilizer. The result of economis efficiency, allocative efficiency, B/C Ratio shallot to rice showed that competitiveness of shallot was higher than competitiveness of rice, but the result of technique efficiency, benefit risk, marketing margins, and distribution of marketing margins showed that competitiveness of shallot was lower than competitiveness of rice. The research concluded that shallot competitiveness was lower than rice competitiveness in Pati Regency. Therefore, the formulation strategy to increase shallot competitiveness in Pati Regency should be created.
The fomulation strategies which can be taken from the research to encourage shallot competitiveness in Pati Regency were as follows, a) increase of shallot seeds until 10 percent, b) use of true shallot seeds, c) increase of organic fertilizer until 10 percent, d) increase of labour for cultivation and post-harvest until 10 percent, e) use of Pest Integrated Management, f) co-operation farmers and marketing actors in central market in Pati, g) co-operation marketing actors inside and outside Pati Regency, and h) expansion of shallot distribution in outside Java Island.


Over the past century and more, research and development (R&D) has contributed to a transformation of the U.S. food and agricultural sectors. R&D has fueled productivity growth, enabling U.S. farmers to do more with less. It has helped U.S. farmers to remain competitive in increasingly integrated global commodity markets and better achieve an environmentally sustainable supply of biofuels, fiber, and feed, as well as safe, nutritious, and affordable food. But support for U.S. public agricultural R&D has waned at a time when U.S. farm productivity growth is slowing. In what follows we describe the evolving patterns of support for public agricultural and food R&D, the shifting emphasis of spending within the broad portfolio, and some potential policy approaches to revitalize U.S. agricultural research.


Telomere length is correlated with cell proliferation, and cancer cells are characterized by an uncontrolled cell cycle. Being apoptosis one of the checks and balances incorporated into cells cycle, due to its characteristics, cancer cells are able to overcome this process. In particular, the tumour suppressor protein p53 loss or inactivation can lead to activation of telomerase enzyme, which can make cells unable to detect DNA damages that spurs apoptosis. Some bioactive compounds, in particular phenolic compounds, saponins and alkaloids have revealed good abilities to affect p53 expression and indirectly control the telomere length. In this sense, this review gives a key emphasis to the ability of these compounds in blocking cancer progression by acting on p53 expression and controlling telomere length. As main findings, phenolic compounds, saponins and alkaloids interfere with cancer progression by stimulating p53 expression, which can cause pro-apoptotic onset and restrict the anti-apoptotic activity, in addition to preventing telomerase enzyme activity.


Nanoporous silk fibroin (SF) films were prepared as SF film loaded with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(D,L-lactide) (MPEG-b-PDLL) nanoparticles by film casting of MPEG-b-PDLL nanoparticle suspension-SF solution. Nanoporous structures of the SF films were formed due to self-condensation and nanophase separation of nanoparticles from SF film matrix during drying process. The films with SF/MPEG-b-PDLL ratios of 20/1, 20/2 and 20/3 (w/w) were prepared and investigated. The MPEG-b-PDLL nanoparticles can be observed on film surface and cross-section with 100-300 nm in size. The size of interconnected nanopore was in the range of 20 – 300 nm. The number and size of nanopores increased as increasing the MPEG-b-PDLL ratio. Thermal stability of the films studied from differential thermogravimetric (DTG) thermogram found that the nanoparticles dispersed into the SF films could improve thermal stability of each component. This indicated strong hydrogen bond interactions between SF and MPEG-b-PDLL were existed. Film transparency of the SF nanoporous films decreased when the MPEG-b-PDLL ratio was increased.


Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most worrying threats to humankind with extremely high healthcare costs associated. The current technologies used in clinical microbiology to identify the bacterial agent and profile antimicrobial susceptibility are time‐consuming and frequently expensive. As a result, physicians prescribe empirical antimicrobial therapies. This scenario is often the cause of therapeutic failures, causing higher mortality rates and healthcare costs, as well as the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria. As such, new technologies for rapid identification of the pathogen and antimicrobial susceptibility testing are needed. This review summarizes the current technologies, and the promising emerging and future alternatives for the identification and profiling of antimicrobial resistance bacterial agents, which are expected to revolutionize the field of clinical diagnostics.


INTRODUCTION: In India maxillofacial injuries are among the common ones that present to emergency department. Maxillofacial injury can be defined as injury to the facial soft tissue, skeleton and other associated structures resulting deformity or destruction of jaw and eyes. MATERIAL & METHOD: The cases were documented as per proforma, noting name, age, sex, education, religion, socioeconomic status, occupations, mode of trauma and clinical history were recorded and also noted the past H/o of different complaints of ear, nose, throat and face. X-rays and CT scan were done to identify fractures of different maxillofacial region. RESULTS: Results of this study showed that among 150 patients, 122 (81.33%) were males, maximum 62 (41.33%) patients were in 21-30 years of age group, the face was the commonest site of maxillofacial injuries (73.33%), followed by nose (67.33). The nasal bleeding (78.67%) was commonest noted symptom and assaults were the most common cause (48%) of facial injury and nasal bone was the commonest fractured bone (32.66%), CONCLUSION: The incidence of maxillofacial injuries were maximum in age group of 21-30 years and male were more prone for maxillofacial trauma. The most common symptom in present series was epistaxis. Nasal bone was the most commonly fractured bone and assault was the commonest cause of facial injury as compared to road traffic accident. This study showed that increase number of interpersonal violence responsible for facial injury


In order to improve the R&D speed of instrument and to reduce the R&D cycle, this paper presents a signal conditioning circuit design method based on case-based reasoning (CBR). The case base stores a number of case circuits, and each circuit's feature information is described by a set containing at least one information entity; the description methods include: according to the user's description information on the to-be-generated circuit, generate the first information entity set of to-be-generated circuit; take the first information entity set as the search keywords, search from the case base the case circuit of all or partial information entities of the circuit to be generated; according to the degree of correlation between the preset information entity and the case circuit, obtain the degree of correlation between the first information entity set and the searched case circuit; from the said case circuits searched, select the case circuit whose correlation degree is larger than the correlation threshold value as the target circuit; output the target circuit; through accepting the users' modification of target circuit, obtain the circuit to be generated. Experimental results show: signal conditioning circuit image generation method, which is based on case reasoning, can effectively improve the efficiency of research and development.


Abstract A series of twelve releases of phloroglucinol were made into stratus clouds at temperatures of −7C to −17C. Showers produced by dry ice seeding were used to identify particular spots in the layer clouds from which the exact locations of the phloroglucinol releases could be obtained by simple navigation. Visual observations of the cloud behavior and Formvar replicas of cloud and precipitation particles provided a means for judging the effects of the phloroglucinol. It is concluded that phloroglucinol will induce the formation of ice in undercooled clouds. However, in these experiments, it was not nearly as effective as the dry ice in causing shower formation.


Fenestration of canine intervertebral discs is a time-honored, yet controversial, procedure used by veterinarians in the management of degenerative disc disease. It has been touted for both its supposed therapeutic effects and for its purported role in preventing future episodes of disc-related clinical signs. In spite of its long-standing reputation and wide use by many, fenestration may lack a firm scientific basis for its continued incorporation in the repertoire of the veterinary spine surgeon. This chapter will explore the key issues that impinge on the role fenestration plays and discuss the pros and cons attendant with its use. The author feels that, with the ability to diagnose and treat intervertebral disc prolapse in more sophisticated and scientific ways, fenestration should largely be abandoned. The evidence for this conclusion and the limited role that may still be reserved for fenestration are discussed.


Rapid screening and low-cost diagnosis play a crucial role in choosing the correct course of intervention e.g., drug therapy, quarantine, no action etc. when dealing with highly infectious pathogens. This is especially important if the disease-causing agent has no effective treatment, such as the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (the pathogen causing COVID-19), and shows no or similar symptoms to other common infections. We report a silicon-based integrated Point-of-Need (PoN) transducer (TriSilix) that can chemically-amplify and detect pathogen-specific sequences of nucleic acids (NA) quantitatively in real-time. Unlike other silicon-based technologies, TriSilix can be produced at wafer-scale in a standard laboratory; we have developed a series of methodologies based on metal-assisted chemical (wet) etching, electroplating, thermal bonding and laser-cutting to enable a cleanroom-free low-cost fabrication that does not require processing in an advanced semiconductor foundry. TriSilix is, therefore, resilient to disruptions in the global supply chain as the devices can be produced anywhere in the world. To create an ultra-low-cost device, the architecture proposed exploits the intrinsic properties of silicon and integrates three modes of operation in a single chip: i) electrical (Joule) heater, ii) temperature sensor (i.e. thermistor) with a negative temperature coefficient that can provide the precise temperature of the sample solution during reaction and iii) electrochemical sensor for detecting target NA. Using TriSilix, the sample solution can be maintained at a single, specific temperature (needed for isothermal amplification of NA such as Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) or cycled between different temperatures (with a precision of ±1.3°C) for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) while the exact concentration of amplicons is measured quantitatively and in real-time electrochemically. A single 4-inch Si wafer yields 37 TriSilix chips of 10×10×0.65 mm in size and can be produced in 7 hours, costing ~US $0.35 per device. The system is operated digitally, portable and low power – capable of running up to 35 tests with a 4000 mAh battery (a typical battery capacity of a modern smartphone). We were able to quantitatively detect a 563-bp fragment (Insertion Sequence IS900) of the genomic DNA of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (extracted from cultured field samples) through PCR in real-time with a Limit-of-Detection of 20 fg, equivalent to a single bacterium, at the 30th cycle. Using TriSilix, we also detected the cDNA from SARS-CoV-2 (1 pg), through PCR, with high specificity against SARS-CoV (2003).


Human trafficking has recently become visible on the European agenda as a security problem, integrated in a continuum of organised crime, illegal migration, drug trafficking, and terrorism. This thesis unpacks the problematisation of human trafficking as security and attempts to rethink modes of unmaking security and disrupting its effects. Security practices have constitutive effects in terms of subjectivity and political effects in terms of the constitution of political community. The securitisation of trafficking in women entails practices that, for the purpose of governing the phenomenon, turn 'victims of trafficking' from suffering bodies into 'abject', risky others. Victims of trafficking are the locus of 'imputations of dangerousness', risky subjects who can engage in renewed migratory projects. Despite the depoliticising, inegalitarian, and exclusionary effects of security, political strategies that can unmake them are still lacking. This research proposes a politics of equality, liberty and universality, formulated as prescriptions against the state and enacted through forms of collective organisation. It draws on the work of Alain Badiou and Etienne Balibar to flesh out the implications of a politics of equality and universality in its relation to liberty and their disruption of practices of security. Equality and liberty suspend the practices of inequality and unfreedom that govern the situation of trafficking. A politics of equality and universality is formulated as the equality of work. Prostitution-as-work reconfigures the situation of trafficking, by making illegal migrant sex workers count where they had counted for nothing and changing forms of exploitation and abuse of victims in the margins of law from the perspective of work.


In this paper three kind of water borne polyurethane are synthesized. FTIR identify the structure of 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate terminated water borne polyurethane with block PDMS. It is found that Si-WPUA has excellent water-resistance, good toughness, and good tensile strength. So, the work has been found the method which could improve water resistance and not decrease mechanical properties. It is hoped that the modified polyurethane could be used as coatings superior to the solvent-borne systems.


Students involved with the medical school are perceived as stressed because of the difficulties in the field. The study was conducted to determine the relationship between personality traits and stress level as the basis for developing counseling intervention for the students. This study utilized the descriptive correlational method. The study involved 1,003 senior high school students, with ages ranging from 15-20 years old. For the findings, the majority of the students are 16-17 years old. Females outnumbered male students. The average monthly family income was ₱50,001 to ₱100,000. Most students were living with two biological parents and one sibling. Senior high school students' dominant personality types are extraversion and agreeableness. Also, the result revealed that the leading stressors centered on academic workload, anxiety, high expectation of parents and environmental concerns. In general, there was no significant relationship between personality traits and stress level. However, it was found that there is a significant positive correlation between the personality trait of neuroticism and the stress level of the students. Moreover, there is a significant negative correlation between the personality traits of extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness and stress level. Meanwhile, there is no significant and negative relationship between the personality trait of agreeableness and stress level.


Secure yet lightweight protocol for communication over the Internet
for constrained node networks (CNN) is a pertinent problem.
Constrained Application Layer Protocol (CoAP) mandates the use of
Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) for a secure transaction over
CoAP. But DTLS is not a candidate technology for CNNs by design. The
DTLS handshake overhead to establish the credentials for a session
between two end-points in a CNN may not be resource efficient. There
are ongoing efforts to secure one-time exchanges by ensuring object
security at the application layer. But a composite standardized
mechanism for resource-efficient end-to-end security credential
establishment is much needed to cater both one-time exchanges as well
as exchanges over a session. DTLS is essentially a combination of two
operations: (1) the session protocol to establish the credentials (and
this is the resource heavy part), (2) the record protocol to protect
the information (this is the cryptographic part). This draft proposes
to distribute the security responsibilities such that the session
establishment happens in the application layer, leveraging the
lightweight semantics of CoAP, and the record layer encryption happens
by reusing the existing DTLS record-layer protocol. This way the
proposed mechanism enables a resource-efficient session establishment
mechanism besides reusing the existing DTLS encryption. Assuming a
Pre-Shared Key (PSK) environment, this draft proposes an embedding of
handshake for resource efficient end-to-end session establishment into
CoAP. The session establishment procedure produces the necessary and
sufficient inputs for seamless operation of the DTLS record-layer to
secure the channel. Also, this mechanism ensures a direct security
association between the end-applications for systems using middleboxes
like proxies and/or gateways which may not be always trusted. The
proposed approach provides a mechanism to securely traverse through
such middleboxes through an end-to-end trusted channel.


Objective: Multichannel intraluminal impedance (MII) directly evaluates esophageal bolus transport. There is a good correlation between MII and manometry in healthy adults, but there are no reports concerning children. The aim of the present study was to determine normal values of esophageal motility using only impedance measurements in healthy children and in a pediatric population with gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Patients and Methods: We described in the present study 60 children submitted to pH-MII for 24 hours for suspected GER. Patients were divided into 2 different groups on the basis of their pH-MII report. Group 1 patients showed acid GER, whereas group 2 patients had negative pH-MII analysis for GER despite symptoms. We described impedance reflux and motility parameters on 10 standardized swallows: number of reflux, mean acid clearing time, median bolus clearing time, bolus presence time, total bolus transit time, segmental transit time, and total propagation velocity. Results: In group 1, the median mean acid clearing time was 151 seconds, whereas the median mean bolus clearing time was 25 seconds. In group 2 patients, all of the reflux parameters were normal. In group 1 the median bolus presence time at each measuring site, the median total bolus transit time, and the median segmental transit time were significantly greater and total propagation velocity lower than values reported in group 2 (P < 0.001), if compared with those described for adult patients. Conclusions: The pH-MII is an ideal test in children because it studies GER with its characteristics and motility pattern. Our report summarizes for the first time impedance motility parameters in healthy children.


The roots of Holostemma annularis K. Schum (Asclepiadacae) are used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes. This medicinal plant, widely used in more than 34 ayurvedic preparations, was evaluated in a high fructose diet in induced insulin resistance and in C57BL/6J ob/ob diabetic mice for its antidiabetic activity. Graded doses of both chloroform and methanolic extracts of the roots of H. annularis were administered to normal and experimental diabetic rats for 21 days. Serum glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol levels and total protein in urine were analyzed. Significant results were observed in the estimated parameters. These data justify the use of the plant in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and is a potential source for the isolation of new active agents for diabetes mellitus.


The Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) field campaign in 2012 provided a plethora of aircraft and ground-based observations (e.g., trace gases, lightning and radar) to study deep convective storms, their convective transport of trace gases, and associated lightning occurrence and production of nitrogen oxides (NO x ). Based on the measurements taken of the 29-30 May 2012 Oklahoma thunderstorm, an analysis against a Weather Research and Forecasting Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model simulation of the same event at 3-km horizontal resolution was performed. One of the main objectives was to include various flash rate parameterization schemes (FRPSs) in the model and identify which scheme(s) best captured the flash rates observed by the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) and Oklahoma Lightning Mapping Array (LMA). The comparison indicates how well the schemes predicted the timing, location, and number of lightning flashes. The FRPSs implemented in the model were based on the simulated thunderstorm's physical features, such as maximum vertical velocity, cloud top height, and updraft volume. Adjustment factors were applied to each FRPS to best capture the observed flash trend and a sensitivity study was performed to compare the range in model-simulated lightning-generated nitrogen oxides (LNO x ) generated by each FRPS over the storm's lifetime. Based on the best FRPS, model-simulated LNO x was compared against aircraft measured NO x . The trace gas analysis, along with the increased detail in the model specification of the vertical distribution of lightning flashes as suggested by the LMA data, provide guidance in determining the scenario of NO production per intracloud and cloud-to-ground flash that best matches the NO x mixing ratios observed by the aircraft. ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð


Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) show conspicuous potential in large-scale energy storage systems due to their cost-effectiveness and environmentally friendliness. Yet developmental cathodes in aqueous ZIBs suffer from sluggish Zn2+ diffusion kinetics. Herein, we introduce an effective strategy by the chemical intercalation of Li+ into the interlayer of V2O5·nH2O, i.e. LixV2O5·nH2O (LVO), with enlarged layer spacing and fast Zn2+ diffusion. As a cathode in aqueous ZIBs with a 2 M ZnSO4 electrolyte, the cotton-like LVO-250 demonstrates high rate capacities and excellent cycling performance (232 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles at 5 A g−1, and 192 mA h g−1 after 1000 cycles at 10 A g−1). The electrochemical reaction kinetics and zinc storage mechanism are investigated in detail.


After having evaluated various different integration projects in the city of Malmo, carried out within the framework of the Swedish Metropolitan project during a period stretching from 1999 till 2004, we have a stable base for drawing some general conclusions concerning issues inherent in successful integration methods. In this paper we discuss the link work model, i.e. a method connecting people of diverging levels and networks. The aim of the paper is to give insights into the integration process, identifying both important qualities of a good link worker and the situation and conditions needed to gain the wanted result. Canals of communication, in all directions, are pointed out as the most important factor for creating dialogue, understanding and integration. Link workers are central when it comes to helping individuals, groups, institutions, officers, politicians, employers etc, creating and establishing contacts on all levels and contexts. The main result from the comparative analysis of our material is that the single most important factor explaining whether a project will succeed or fail, concerns how well or bad the linkwork is set up and performed. The keywords for a good link worker and good link work are, in our opinion, personal communication, mutual respect and a mandate for the link worker allowing him/her to take decisions and execute them.


Currently, one of the research gaps in the development of green infrastructure (GI) landscape projects, lies in plant selection, which are adequate to the GI existing devices and to regional characteristics. Therefore, the objective of this work was to perform a systematic literature review of GI in Brazil, focusing on stormwater management devices and their recommended species. A search was performed on Google Scholar, which identified 196 articles published in national journals by the end of 2019, which simultaneously contained the words 'espécie' ('species') and 'infraestrutura verde' ('green infrastructure') – and spelling variations in Portuguese. However, as GI is a wider concept and can encompass several strategies, the articles underwent an exploratory reading to verify which ones were directly related to the research objective. Seven articles fell within the scope, and 82 plant species were identified as recommended for use in the projects, some species with extensive documented experience on water treatment devices, while others only a suggestion for future use. In addition, complementary information about the species was surveyed to enable its use in landscape projects, such as: indication of use; botanical family; plant growth forms; substrate; origin; endemism; and distribution in the Brazilian Phytogeographic Domains (Amazonia, Caatinga, Cerrado, Mata Atlântica, Pampa, and Pantanal). This material was organized in a database, which can serve as a subsidy for the consolidation of a plant repertoire to be used in landscape projects with this purpose in Brazil.


Abstract The radical evolutionary step that divides human decision-making from that of nonhumans is the ability to excite the reward process for its own sake, in imagination. Combined with hyperbolic over-valuation of the present, this ability is a potential threat to both the individual's long term survival and the natural selection of high intelligence. Human belief is intrinsically "unfounded" or under-founded, which may or may not be adaptive.


Political regimes and social rules have often served to suppress human rights and freedoms. In this paper I analyze the determinants of oppression when self-interested leaders seek to gain from oppressing a less powerful group. In my framework an oppressive regime is a rational equilibrium outcome and is characterized by distortionary macroeconomic policies, abuse of human rights, and a high incidence of poverty. Oppression ends if the benefits to oppressors decline, or if technological change raises the fighting power of oppressed groups. I use indicators of human rights abuses in 101 countries to examine the empirical determinants of gender, political and ethnic oppression along with the impact of oppression of poverty. I find that oppression declines with income, and that it is highly correlated with religious rules. I also find that oppression is positively correlated with basic poverty indicators. My point estimates imply that shifting from an oppressive equilibrium to a liberal equilibrium could reduce infant mortality rates by up to 87% in low income countries. One policy implication is that a system of international incentives and sanctions targeted to end oppression could permanently reduce poverty.


Ted Smith is best known for his contributions to the analysis of continuous dislocations in deformed crystals and the application of this to understanding the conditions leading to plastic flow and fracture in metals. He applied his knowledge to a range of practical problems, particularly ones concerned with the structural integrity of key components in the nuclear power generation industry. His career spanned both industry and academia, including 20 years as Professor of Metallurgy at the University of Manchester, during which time he helped oversee the joint operation of the Departments of Metallurgy at both the University and UMIST and served at senior levels in the University administration. His research was frequently motivated by interactions with industry in consultancy work. He published over 500 papers, the great majority of which were of his sole authorship.


Nuclear magnetic resonance is becoming an important experimental technique to study the behavior of moving granular materials because of its unique ability to measure concentration, velocity, and dissipation within the bulk granular materials rather than only on the surface. Of all the common motions of such assemblies of particles, the most difficult to measure is the vibrating bed because of the unsteady motion. This paper demonstrates a nuclear magnetic resonance imaging method to study highly energetic vibrating granular beds by spatial scanning. In contrast to Fourier imaging, spatial scanning prevents scattering of image intensities caused by unsteady motion. Two-dimensional images of a vibrating bed undergoing period doubling were obtained. A band of high shear was identified by reduced image intensity. It traveled back and forth across the bed with each cycle of up and down motion of the bed. Further studies of vibrating beds with the sequence modified for velocity encoding and velocity compensati...


Abstract. Rice paddy fields are one of the greatest anthropogenic sources of methane (CH4), the third most important greenhouse gas after water vapour and carbon dioxide. In agricultural fields, CH4 is usually measured with the closed chamber technique, resulting in discontinuous series of measurements performed over a limited area, that generally do not provide sufficient information on the short-term variation of the fluxes. On the contrary, aerodynamic techniques have been rarely applied for the measurement of CH4 fluxes in rice paddy fields. The eddy covariance (EC) technique provides integrated continuous measurements over a large area and may increase our understanding of the underlying processes and diurnal and seasonal pattern of CH4 emissions in this ecosystem. For this purpose a Fast Methane Analyzer (Los Gatos Research Ltd.) was installed in a rice paddy field in the Po Valley (Northern Italy). Methane fluxes were measured during the rice growing season with both EC and manually operated closed chambers. Methane fluxes were strongly influenced by the height of the water table, with emissions peaking when it was above 10–12 cm. Soil temperature and the developmental stage of rice plants were also responsible of the seasonal variation on the fluxes. The measured EC fluxes showed a diurnal cycle in the emissions, which was more relevant during the vegetative period, and with CH4 emissions being higher in the late evening, possibly associated with higher water temperature. The comparison between the two measurement techniques shows that greater fluxes are measured with the chambers, especially when higher fluxes are being produced, resulting in 30 % higher seasonal estimations with the chambers than with the EC (41.1 and 31.7 g CH4 m−2 measured with chambers and EC respectively) and even greater differences are found if shorter periods with high chamber sampling frequency are compared. The differences may be a result of the combined effect of overestimation with the chambers and of the possible underestimation by the EC technique.


This study examined the relationship of sociodemographic characteristics and Facebook usage to the depression level of college students. A total of 347 respondents were purposively selected and completed a self-administered questionnaire. Results showed that: sex has a weak positive association with depression level (r=0.0962); age did not vary much across depression level; there is a moderate positive association between sexual orientation and depression level (r= 0.2794); socioeconomic status has an inverse relationship with depression level (r= -0.2126); and relationship status has a moderate positive association with depression level (r= 1.365). Further, there is a moderate positive association between the number of minutes spent on Facebook and depression level (r= 0.4229); there is a weak positive association between frequency of Facebook visits and depression level (r= 0.3052); and Facebook activities are positively correlated to depression. Young social media users are encouraged to use it moderately to avoid negative mental health outcomes.


Archie's law has been the standard method for relating the conductivity of a clean reservoir rock to its porosity and the conductivity of its pore fluid for more than 60 years. However, it is applicable only when the matrix is nonconducting. A modified version that allows a conductive matrix was published in 2000. A generalized form of Archie's law is studied for any number of phases for which the classicalArchie's law and modified Archie's law for two phases are special cases. The generalizedArchie's law contains a phase conductivity, a phase volume fraction, and phase exponent for each of its n phases. The connectedness of each of the phases is considered, and the principle of conservation of connectedness in a three-dimensional multiphase mixture is introduced. It is confirmed that the general law is formally the same as the classical Archie's law and modified Archie's law for one and two conducting phases, respectively. The classical second Archie's law is compared with the generalized law, which leads to the definition of a saturation exponent for each phase. This process has enabled the derivation of relationships between the phase exponents and saturation exponents for each phase. The relationship between percolation theory and the generalized model is also considered. The generalized law is examined in detail for two and three phases and semiquantitatively for four phases. Unfortunately, the law in its most general form is very difficult to prove experimentally. Instead, numerical modeling in three dimensions is carried out to demonstrate that it behaves well for a system consisting of four interacting conducting phases.


State matrix representation (SMR) model is an efficient technique to find an optimum plan for a monotonic problem introduced in 1994 in [2]. One of the prominent aspects of this technique is that robot action planning could be performed efficiently with simple matrix manipulation. Another important characteristic of SMR is that unlike most planning methods the actions involved in the planning process are not defined in advance but are generated at planning time. The syntax used for the actions while directly reflecting the semantics of actions, they can be easily manipulated by the planner. This paper presents extension and improvement of the SMR technique to generate more efficient plans. In this paper shortcomings of SMR technique are highlighted and an extension is provided to overcome the shortcomings. In addition, application of the improved version which we called ISMR to a new variation of the block world problem with different restriction is presented and the results are discussed.


University dropout is a major policy concern around the world because of its consequences for the individual, institutions and society. In this study, we offer new evidence by examining the cumulative effect of academic vulnerability and family support on trajectory of dropout among cohorts of undergraduate students in Thailand. Data were drawn from administrative records of two cohorts of students (n = 1,613), and consisted of information on which semester individual's dropped out of university. Using discrete time survival analysis, we first modeled the trajectory of dropout without predictors followed by a conditional model which examined the effects of predictors on the trajectory of dropout. Cumulative effects of predictors were then examined by plotting the probabilities of their combined effects on dropout in each semester. Our findings show that while the beginning of the second year was a critical period of dropout with almost 20% of students leaving by this time, as much as 10% of students drop out between the second and final year. Students with the lowest entry grades were about 2.17 times more likely to dropout while those who were farther away from family support were 1.32 times more likely to drop out across each semester. The cumulative effect of low entry grades and living away from family support resulted in a 30% probability of dropping out in the second year. The dropout rate among this category of students by the final year was 60% compared to only 14% for students with high entry grades and who live close to their families. Among other things, we recommend that interventions to reduce dropout should encompass both helping students to access family support and develop personal connections at university to compensate for absence of family support, as well as academically focused support for student who do not have a strong entry qualification.


All-trans and 9-cis retinoic acids (RA) sig- nals are transduced by retinoic acid receptor/retinoid X receptor (RAR/RXR) heterodimers that act as functional units controlling the transcription of RA-responsive genes. With the aim of elucidating the underlying molecular mech- anisms, we have developed an in vitro transcription system using a chromatin template made up of a minimal promoter and a direct repeat with 5-spacing-based RA response ele- ment. RARa and RXRa were expressed in and purified from baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells, and transcription was carried out by using naked DNA or chromatin templates. Transcrip- tion from naked templates was not affected by the presence of RA and/or RAR/RXR heterodimers. In contrast, very little transcription occurred from chromatin templates in the ab- sence of RA or RAR/RXR heterodimers whereas their addi- tion resulted in a dosage-dependent stimulation of transcrip- tion that never exceeded that occurring on naked DNA tem- plates. Most importantly, the addition of synthetic agonistic or antagonistic retinoids to the chromatin transcription system mimicked their stimulatory or inhibitory action in vivo, and activation by a RXR-specific retinoid was subordinated to the binding of an agonist ligand to the RAR partner. Moreover, the addition of the p300 coactivator generated a synergistic enhancement of transcription. Thus, the dissection of this transcription system ultimately should lead to the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms by which RAR/RXR het- erodimers control transcription in a ligand-dependent man- ner.


The dynamics of mycobacterial multiplication was followed in mice with intraplantar leprosy infection and preinduced macrophage insufficiency. The characteristics of Shepard's model appeared to be similar to those of the method proposed by the authors including the susceptibility to the main antileprosy drugs. Peritoneal macrophages were cytochemically studied in the process of development of mononuclear phagocyte deficiency and experimental leprosy. It was concluded that the method proposed preserving all the merits of Shepard's model should allow one to shorten significantly the duration of testing potential drugs for their antileprosy activity.


Hospital quality includes excellent physician–patient communication. The objective was to determine effects of distributing physicians' notes to patients. Hospitalized patients or family members on 6 wards at a university hospital received daily a printed copy of their medical team's progress note. Surveys were completed about the benefits and adverse effects of reading the physician notes. In all, 74% to 86% of patients or family members responded favorably that receiving doctors' notes improved understanding of their health condition or gave them more control over their hospital course. Patient concerns about privacy or offense were uncommon, although 16% thought notes were confusing or caused worry. Note distribution had minor effects on physician note writing practice. Having patients and family members read their physicians' progress notes is feasible and enhances patients' understanding of their diagnostic and treatment plan. Notes supplement traditional physician–patient verbal communication practice and have the potential to improve the hospitalized patient experience.


Most studies on powered two-wheelers safety focus on the identification of risk factors related to the road infrastructure, the vehicles or the riders. This research aims to analyse the powered two-wheelers road safety level in Greece, by implementing and evaluating the 'Sunflower' methodology. The SUNflower methodology is based on a holistic approach, according to which the road safety 'footprint' of a country at a specific point in time can be described on the basis of a pyramid that includes a target hierarchy of five levels of distinct yet interrelated road safety components: the structural and cultural characteristics, the implemented road safety programmes and measures, the road safety performance indicators, the final outcomes in terms of road casualties and finally the social cost of road accidents. For the implementation of the methodology on powered two-wheelers road safety level in Greece, all available data for all layers of the pyramid were explored and analysed. The results of the analyses suggest that the increased ownership and use of powered two-wheelers, as well as the improper attitude and behavior of the powered twowheeler users regarding active and passive safety, together with inefficient enforcement of traffic laws, are the main reasons for the increased risk of this specific group in Greece.


Cadmium (Cd) exposure causes an oxidative challenge and inhibits cell cycle progression, ultimately impacting plant growth. Stress-induced effects on the cell cycle are often a consequence of activation of the DNA damage response (DDR). The main aim of this study was to investigate the role of the transcription factor SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RESPONSE 1 (SOG1) and three downstream cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors of the SIAMESE-RELATED (SMR) family in the Cd-induced DDR and oxidative challenge in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. Effects of Cd on plant growth, cell cycle regulation and the expression of DDR genes were highly similar between the wildtype and smr4/5/7 mutant. In contrast, sog1-7 mutant leaves displayed a much lower Cd sensitivity within the experimental time-frame and significantly less pronounced upregulations of DDR-related genes, indicating the involvement of SOG1 in the Cd-induced DDR. Cadmium-induced responses related to the oxidative challenge were disturbed in the sog1-7 mutant, as indicated by delayed Cd-induced increases of hydrogen peroxide and glutathione concentrations and lower upregulations of oxidative stress-related genes. In conclusion, our results attribute a novel role to SOG1 in regulating the oxidative stress response and connect oxidative stress to the DDR in Cd-exposed plants.


Gating modifier toxins (GMTs) are venom-derived peptides isolated from spiders and other venomous creatures and modulate activity of disease-relevant voltage-gated ion channels and are therefore being pursued as therapeutic leads. The amphipathic surface profile of GMTs has prompted the proposal that some GMTs simultaneously bind to the cell membrane and voltage-gated ion channels in a trimolecular complex. Here, we examined whether there is a relationship among spider GMT amphipathicity, membrane binding, and potency or selectivity for voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels. We used NMR spectroscopy and in silico calculations to examine the structures and physicochemical properties of a panel of nine GMTs and deployed surface plasmon resonance to measure GMT affinity for lipids putatively found in proximity to NaV channels. Electrophysiology was used to quantify GMT activity on NaV1.7, an ion channel linked to chronic pain. Selectivity of the peptides was further examined against a panel of NaV channel subtypes. We show that GMTs adsorb to the outer leaflet of anionic lipid bilayers through electrostatic interactions. We did not observe a direct correlation between GMT amphipathicity and affinity for lipid bilayers. Furthermore, GMT–lipid bilayer interactions did not correlate with potency or selectivity for NaVs. We therefore propose that increased membrane binding is unlikely to improve subtype selectivity and that the conserved amphipathic GMT surface profile is an adaptation that facilitates simultaneous modulation of multiple NaVs.


A review of the taxonomic status of the critically endangered Cape Parrot Poicephalus robustus Gmelin 1788 has important implications concerning the conservation of this species and illegal trade. It is distinguishable from the Brown-necked Parrot P. fuscicollis fuscicollis Kuhl 1820 on the morphometrics of the body and bill, two mitochondrial DNA sequences and its ecology and behaviour. The Grey-headed Parrot P. f. suahelicus Reichenow 1898 is geographically and genetically isolated from the other taxa. Grey-headed Parrots and Brown-necked Parrots are more closely related to each other than either is to the Cape Parrot. Geographically, the Grey-headed Parrot is marginally parapatric with the Cape Parrot, and this account focusses on these taxa. The Cape Parrot is a dietary specialist, and its diet differs from that of the Grey-headed Parrot, which has a wider trophic niche, although both feed on the kernels of unripe fruit. Their feeding behaviour changes in response to seasonally available food and may involve long distance movements. Both species share similar breeding habits, but they breed at different seasons in different habitat types. The two taxa have distinct habitat requirements and distributions. Cape Parrots inhabit, nest and feed in Afromontane mixed Podocarpus forest above 1 000m asl in South Africa, whereas Grey-headed Parrots inhabit a wide range of lowland woodland habitats across south-central Africa. In parapatry, there is no record of hybridisation, probably because of spatial (geographical and altitudinal) and temporal segregation (different breeding seasons). On the basis of these criteria, the Cape Parrot is, and must be recognised, as an independent species.


1 Onbody Oriental Medicine Clinic Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of acupotomy in the treatment of various facial atrophic scars except acne scars. Methods: Four patients with facial atrophic scars were treated by superficial dermal undermining with acupotomy. They were treated six times, and evaluated by comparing before and after photos, PGA(Physician's Global assessment), SESES(The Stony Brook Scar Evaluation Score) and patient satisfaction. Results and Conclusions: After observing case photos, PGA, SBSES, patient's satisfaction, it can be considered that acupotomy is an effective treatment modality for facial atrophic scars and it has no significant side effects.


The TIS11 primary response gene is rapidly and transiently induced by both 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and growth factors. The predicted TIS11 protein contains a 6-amino-acid repeat, YKTELC. We cloned two additional cDNAs, TIS11b and TIS11d, that contain the YKTELC sequence. TIS11, TIS11b, and TIS11d proteins share a 67-amino-acid region of sequence similarity that includes the YKTELC repeat and two cysteine-histidine containing repeats. TIS11 gene family members are not coordinately expressed: (i) unlike TIS11, the TIS11b and TIS11d mRNAs are detectable in quiescent Swiss 3T3 cells and are not dramatically induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate; (ii) cycloheximide superinduction does not occur for TIS11b and TIS11d; and (iii) unlike TIS11, TIS11b expression is extinguished in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells.


Safitri, Pinkan. 2019. "Personality of Dilan in the Novel of Trilogy Dilan 1990, Dilan 1991, and Milea by Pidi Baiq (Study of Psychological Behaviorism Skinner), Thesis (S1) in Indonesian Literature, Faculty of Cultural Sciences Undip Semarang. Advisor Dr. Redyantoo Noor, M. Hum., And Dra. Mirya Anggrahini, M. Hum.
Novel as a literary work is a picture of a life that is fictional, but the entire contents of the novel still refer to reality in the real world. The writing of this thesis analyzes a literary work namely the trilogy novel Dilan 1990, Dilan 1991, and Milea which tells about the love story of high school teenagers in the year of nine tens in the city of Bandung. Dilan is a motorcycle gang boy who has a simple, romantic personality and has a high spirit of solidarity. This research is motivated by problems regarding human behavior. Humans can't be separated from the process of interaction between individuals with each other in everyday life.
 The method used in the research is qualitative methods. The stage of data collection uses library research. The purpose of writing this essay is to be able to describe the structure of literary works in the form of analysis in the form of intrinsic analysis of novels, such as figures and characterizations, plot, and background found in the trilogy novels Dilan 1990, Dilan 1991, and Milea.
 Based on the results of the analysis using the concept of psychology Behavior Skinner in the novel Trilogy Dilan 1990, Dilan 1991, and Milea it can be concluded that the behavior of the main character (a) is naughty; the main character is described as having mischievous behavior, likes to fight, (b) romance; the main character is described as having a romantic behavior towards Milea, a beloved girl, (c) obedient; the main character is described as having obedient behavior towards the orders given by Milea, (d) solidarity; the main character is portrayed as having solid behavior towards his friends, motorcycle gang members, (e) responsibility; the main character is described as having a behavior of responsibility for the actions or mistakes made, (f) firm; the main character is described as having a firm attitude in making every decision made.

Keywords: Pyschology of Behavior Skinner, Main Character, Novel.


In contrast to the majority of European and similarly to many Finno-Ugrian populations, the Komi show genetic signs of inclusion of the non-European ethnic groups, at the same time they retain Europeoid properties and take an intermediate place between the Europeoids and Orients. Local shifts in the frequency of genes and chromosomes, probably, reflect the complex, long-term and specific nature of the Komi subpopulations' ethnogenesis.


The evolution of technology has changed society's thinking, employers' claims and uncertainty among those who can not adapt to the new. The new jobs that have emerged in recent years have put more emphasis on creativity and science, which is a disadvantage for people with a felgmatic temperament, inclined to routine, meticulous tasks.
What solution would it be in the future for employers to emphasize on relational, creative and learning abilities, then the mathematical and logical ones be taken by those inclined towards them.
In the future, due to the technology of workplaces, people will have to learn to adapt to the new, to know better about them and the resources they have in order to find the right jobs for them.
A proposed solution for employability would be the creation of prototypes for each job. There are still trades in which people can not be replaced by robots, and they lack emotions, feelings, creativity, reason. These are specific human qualities and jobs that assume such qualities will be in the future: psychologist, nanny, actor, singer, make-up artist, physician, social worker.
With all the advantages that IA can bring, emotional intelligence, how to act and react in various situations, the sense of humor, creativity, spontaneity, expressivity, cognitive flexibility can not be taken over or replaced by robots.
The question arises: what jobs could be created in the future so that the unemployment rate remains low and the psychological comfort of the people raised? The students from the University Politechnica Bucharest will create a strategy in which they will answer this question and propose new jobs for the future.


SiC and Si3N4 materials were tested under various turbine engine combustion environments, chosen to represent either conventional fuel-lean or fuel-rich mixtures proposed for high speed aircraft. Representative CVD, sintered, and composite materials were evaluated in both furnace and high pressure burner rig exposure. While protective SiO2 scales form in all cases, evidence is presented to support paralinear growth kinetics, i.e. parabolic growth moderated simultaneously by linear volatilization. The volatility rate is dependent on temperature, moisture content, system pressure, and gas velocity. The burner tests were used to map SiO2 volatility (and SiC recession) over a range of temperature, pressure, and velocity. The functional dependency of material recession (volatility) that emerged followed the form: exp(-Q/RT) * Px * vy. These empirical relations were compared to rates predicted from the thermodynamics of volatile SiO and SiOxHv reaction products and a kinetic model of diffusion through a moving ...


A new genus and species of phosphatic‐shelled eolepadid barnacle from the Posidonia Shale (Toarcian, falciferum Zone) of Zell u. Aichelberg, southern Germany, is described as Toarcolepas mutans gen. et sp. nov. Numerous disarticulated individuals, associated with fossil wood, are present in a piece of concretionary limestone, and these are interpreted as having lived epiplanktonically attached to driftwood. The taxonomy of the Late Triassic – Early Cretaceous family Eolepadidae is reviewed, and two further species (T. gaveyi (Withers, 1920) and T. lotharingica (Méchin, 1901)) are referred to Toarcolepas. The chemistry of valve composition of the Carboniferous Praelepas and Triassic–Jurassic eolepadid cirripedes is investigated using X‐ray dispersive analysis, and the ubiquitous presence of abundant phosphorus is taken as evidence that these taxa had a primary phosphatic composition, now preserved as francolite. A significant change in shell chemistry from phosphate to calcium carbonate took place during the evolution of the Thoracica, during the Late Triassic or Early Jurassic. The driving force behind this change may have been related to the reduced predation pressure associated with acquisition of an epiplanktonic mode of life. Calcite is softer, but energetically cheaper to deposit than phosphate mineral phases.


There are significant differences in the food consumption patterns of countries. In the lower income countries, most of the energy intake is derived from cereals and starchy roots. On the other hand, the intake of these carbohydrate foods is much lower in the economically developed countries and more of the energy is derived from added fats, alcohol, meat, dairy products and sweeteners. The contribution of energy from various food groups has changed markedly over the past three decades. With increasing national wealth there is a general tendency for the consumption of cereal foods to decline, whereas the consumption of added fats, alcohol, meat and dairy products has increased over the years. Similar changes have also been observed for Malaysia. These dietary alterations, as well as other lifestyle changes, have brought about a new nutrition scenario in many developing countries. These countries are now faced with the twin problems of malnutrition, that is, undernutrition among some segments of the population and diet-related chronic diseases in other groups; for example, obesity, hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes and various cancers. In Malaysia, deaths due to diseases of the circulatory system and neoplasms have been on the rise since the 1960s. The former has been the most important cause of death in the country for more than 15 years, with cancer ranking third for almost 10 years. Epidemiological data collected from different community groups showed increased prevalences of various risk factors amongst Malaysians. In view of the changed nutrition scenario in the country, intervention programmes have been reviewed accordingly. The Healthy Lifestyle (HLS) Programme was launched in 1991 as a comprehensive, long-term approach to combating the emerging diet-related chronic diseases. For six consecutive years one thematic campaign per year was carried out; namely, coronary heart disease (1991), sexually transmitted diseases (1992), food safety (1993), childhood diseases (1994), cancers (1995) and diabetes mellitus (1996). To further strengthen health promotion among the community, another series of activities to be carried out under the second phase of the HLS programme from 1997 to 2002 was launched within the framework of the National Plan of Action on Nutrition (NPAN) for Malaysia. In view of the importance of diet and nutrition in the causation and prevention of chronic diseases, the theme for the first year of this phase was Healthy Eating. It is clear that nutrition education for the community in order to inculcate a culture of healthy eating is the long-term solution. A series of guidelines have been prepared for dissemination to the public via a variety of media and approaches, and with the collaboration of various government and non-governmental organisations. The implementation of the programme is, however, a challenge to health and nutrition workers. There is a need to examine the strategies for nutrition education to ensure more effective dissemination of information. The challenge is to determine how best to promote healthy eating within the present scenerio of rapid urbanisation, 'western' dietary pattern influence, a whole barrage of convenience and 'health' foods, and nutrition misinformation. We would like to share our experiences in the approaches taken and our concerns with other countries in the region given that various opportunities exist for collaboration.


Young adult, male and female, normotensive Sprague-Dawley (S-D) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were injected with propranolol three times daily for 3 weeks. None of the animals manifested signs of withdrawal when the injections were terminated. Seven days later, the animals were challenged with a dose of isoproterenol which would produce massive myocardial infarction and 50-60% mortality in non-treated animals. The propranolol pretreatment caused marked tranquilizing and blood pressure lowering effects in SHR exclusively. Despite the 7-day propranolol withdrawal period, very few animals died and myocardial damage was minimal. However, blood pressure levels dropped to shock-like levels, blood CPK and LDH levels showed dynamic increases, there was marked hypertriglyceridaemia, and plasma corticosterone rose to supranormal levels. Microscopically, the hearts of the propranolol pretreated animals showed little evidence of necrosis but the SHR hearts manifested large atrial and ventricular thrombi. It is suggested that in the rat, propranolol treatment causes positive myocardial protective effects mediated through hormonal and metabolic changes and propranolol withdrawal does not lead to hypersensitivity to catecholamines. In fact, the beta-blocking effects of propranolol remain effective for some time after withdrawal.


AIM
This paper reports on how people with colorectal cancer compare experiences, what comparison meant to them and the context in which it took place.

BACKGROUND
People with cancer need information to make sense of their disease and treatment, and comparing with others in similar situations provides such opportunities. While social comparison studies date back more than half a century, there is a lack of qualitative approaches to explore how people with cancer compare with others and the context in which they do so.

METHOD
In-depth interviews were carried out in the period 2006-2007 with a convenience sample of 24 men and 14 women with a first diagnosis of colorectal cancer.

FINDINGS
Most participants could not avoid the almost constant exposure to other people with cancer or hear of their stories, especially when they accessed health services. Comparison was part of their interaction with the 'community' of people with cancer, which included giving and receiving information and support. Many valued this 'experiential' information, while some tried to avoid contact with others with cancer as they felt that it would depress them. This study also showed that many of the participants had personal experience of caring for close relatives with cancer and this helped them to make sense of their own condition.

CONCLUSION
The challenge for health professionals is to help people with cancer to interpret the information and beliefs they already have from such previous experience or they obtain when comparing with others with cancer.


A clinical dermatoglyphic study of 100 infertile hyperandrogenic patients demonstrated signs of androgenization in all of those. Their dermatoglyphic parameters differed from normal. Hyperandrogenic patients with treatment-resistant infertility showed a higher degree of androgenization and more significant deviations of dermatoglyphic parameters, as compared to the patients whose treatment resulted in pregnancy. Dermatoglyphic characteristics should be taken into account in predicting the practicability of treatment in patients with infertility due to hyperandrogenism.


Ba(Zn0.3Co0.7)2Fe16O27 hexagonal ferrites have been prepared by sol-gel method. Effects of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) on crystalline phase, natural surface and electromagnetic properties were analyzed. The XRD patterns of samples with and without PVP added both showed the single phase of hexagonal ferrite. The particle thickness increased when PVP was added. Moreover, Ferrites prepared with 2.0g PVP added into the sol solution had lower complex permittivity. Addition of PVP can be an effective way to obtain the electromagnetic match of hexagonal ferrites.


A patient presented with a ruptured azygos vein following esophagoscopy. The diagnosis was difficult. Selective angiography was helpful and surgical treatment ensured good result. This is the first case of this type to be reported in the literature.


Background Low grade synovitis characterised by monocyte influx has been associated with joint pathology in inflammatory osteoarthritis (OA). Alarmins S100A8/S100A9 are highly increased in the synovium after induction of experimental inflammatory OA and remain elevated for prolonged periods. Release of S100A8/A9 locally within the OA-joint and leakage into the blood may contribute to recruitment of monocytes. In mice, two functionally distinct monocyte populations are described: pro-inflammatory Ly6Chigh and patrolling Ly6Clow monocytes. Our objective was to investigate the role of S100A8/A9 in the recruitment of the different monocyte populations during collagenase-induced OA (CiOA). Methods CiOA was induced by injection of collagenase in knee joints of wild type C57BL/6 (WT), and S100A9KO mice. After 7 days, mice were sacrificed together with age-matched saline-injected control mice (n=6/group), and expression of chemokines, and adhesion molecules were measured in the synovium, and bone marrow (BM). Cells were isolated from BM and synovium and analysed by FACS. Monocytes were identified as (B220/CD90/CD49b/NK1.1/Ly6G)lowCD11bhigh(F4/80/MHCII/CD11c)low, which were further divided into subsets based on their Ly6C expression. Results At CiOA d7 in WT mice, numbers of Ly6Chigh, but not Ly6Clow monocytes, were strongly increased (7.6-fold) in the synovium when compared to saline-injected controls. In contrast, S100A9KO mice showed a significant increase in Ly6Clow monocytes (2-fold) at CiOA d7, whereas the number of Ly6Chigh monocytes remained unaffected. Although a strong upregulation of several chemokines (MCP1, CX3CL1, KC, and MIP1α) was observed in the synovium at CiOA d7, there were no differences in expression between WT and S100A9KO mice. Next we studied the effect of S100A8/A9 on the BM during CiOA. We found a 14% decrease of myeloid cells in WT BM at CiOA d7, whereas the number of myeloid cells in S100A9KO BM was not changed, suggesting that S100A8/A9 released by the inflamed synovium promotes the release of myeloid populations from the BM. In line with that, expression of adhesion molecules (LFA-1, VCAM, VE-cadherin, PECAM1, and l-selectin) was lower at CiOA d7 in S100A9KO BM when compared to WT BM. Conclusions Local induction of OA leads to S100A8/A9 production and mobilises influx of particularly Ly6Chigh monocytes, which contribute to OA pathology.


: Hypertension is a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Management of hypertension is generally based on office blood pressure since it is easy to determine. Since casual blood pressure readings in the office are influenced by various factors, they do not represent basal blood pressure. Dipping of the blood pressure in the night is a normal physiological change that can be blunted by cardiovascular risk factors and the severity of hypertension. Nondipping pattern is associated with disease severity, left ventricular hypertrophy, increased proteinuria, secondary forms of hypertension, increased insulin resistance, and increased fibrinogen level. Long-term observational studies have documented increased cardiovascular events in patients with nondipping patterns. Nocturnal dipping can be improved by administering the antihypertensive medications in the night. Long-term clinical trials have shown that cardiovascular events can be reduced by achieving better dipping patterns by administering medications during the night. Identifying the dipping pattern is useful for decisions to investigate for secondary causes, initiating treatment, necessity of chronotherapy, withdrawal or reduction of unnecessary medications, and monitoring after treatment initiation. Use of this concept at the primary care level has been limited because 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring has been the only method for documenting dipping/nondipping status so far. This monitoring technique is expensive and inconvenient for routine usage. Simpler methods using home blood pressure monitoring systems are evolving to document basal blood pressure in the night, which would help in greater acceptance and use of the concept of dipper/nondipper in managing hypertension at the primary care level.


The inspection of welding surface quality is an important task for welding work. With the development of product quality inspection technology, automated and machine vision-based inspection have been applied to more industrial application fields because of its non-contact, convenience, and high efficiency. However, challenging material and optical phenomena such as high reflective surface areas often present on welding seams tend to produce artifacts such as holes in the reconstructed model using current visual sensors, hence leading to insufficiency or even errors in the inspection result. This paper presents a 3D reconstruction technique for highly reflective welding surfaces based on binocular style structured light stereo vision. The method starts from capturing a fully lit image for identifying highly reflective regions on a welding surface using conventional computer vision models, including gray-scale, binarization, dilation, and erosion. Then, fringe projection profilometry is used to generate point clouds on the interested area. The mapping and alignment from 2D image to 3D point cloud is then established to highlight features that are vital for eliminating "holes"—large featureless areas—caused by high reflections such as the specular mirroring effect. A two-way slicing method is proposed to operate on the refined point cloud, following the concept of dimensionality reduction to project the sliced point cloud onto different image planes before a Smoothing Spline model is applied to fit the discrete point formed by projection. The 3D coordinate values of points in the "hole" region are estimated according to the fitted curves and appended to the original point cloud using iterative algorithms. Experiment results verify that the proposed method can accurately reconstruct a wide range of welding surfaces with significantly improved precision.


Research on genre analysis has generally held a central role in contemporaneous linguistics with the aim of improving professional and academic communication. This study furthers our previous research on a particular genre analysis of the 'About Us' site in banks' corporate websites (Casan-Pitarch, 2015). In this previous research, a possible standard model of the sections forming this genre was suggested. As result, that research has led to the need for conducting more in-deep studies on other individual elements concerning both the macro and microstructure within the same target genre. The present paper focuses on analysing some features on the use of verbs. To this purpose, the method to analyse the use of verbs is based on classifying verbs following Downing (2014) and to determine the most usual forms of these in each section of the target genre. Results show that the amount and form of verbs in each section are different.


The present work was focused on the synthesis of three different calcium phosphate powders with possible application as bioceramics, their chemical, structural and thermal characterization, and finally their consolidation into dense compounds by conventional and flash sintering techniques.
In the first part, Mg-doped (0 - 2 mol% Mg2+) tricalcium phosphate powders with micrometric size were produced by solid state reaction, and the influence of dopant on their sintering behavior and, specifically, on the β→α phase transition was studied. It was shown that magnesium stabilizes β-phase and ensures, after conventional sintering, much better densification and final mechanical properties. Moreover, annealing treatments on sintered compounds are suitable to convert the retained α- into β-TCP only in presence of Mg.
Un-doped β-TCP was additionally subjected to flash sintering, thus obtaining dense microstructure at temperatures lower than 1000°C in just 10 min and avoiding any phase transition. A specific physical model based on of thermal-balance equations was considered to investigate the flash sintering process in detail; it was possible to point out that thermal runaway is the main mechanisms that triggers the process, which could be described also in terms of electric behavior of the material, real sample temperature and flash onset. Moreover, the observed blackening effect and the development of an additional resistance contribution at the electrodes were taken into account and discussed.
In the second part of the work, Mg-doped (0 - 5 mol% Mg2+) tricalcium phosphate nanometric (~ 20 nm) powders were synthetized by chemical precipitation, thus obtaining highly-defected CDHA easily convertible into β-TCP at 750°C. Magnesium doping was found to inhibit the first crystallization and to promote β-TCP formation directly. The nanopowders were conventionally sintered to produce dense (~90%) β-TCP with sub-micrometric gran size.
Flash sintering was also carried out on the nanopowders, demonstrating that the flash event can occur only after CDHA→β-TCP reaction, since the precursor is too resistive for allowing the electrical current flow. A non-linear electrical behavior was found for the β-phase, associated with the grain growth. Flash sintering was also applied in isothermal mode, producing dense sub-micrometric β-TCP at 900°C in just few seconds. It was also possible to build two maps relating the processing parameters for flash sintering on the basis of thermal model and the material behavior.
Finally, hydroxyapatite nanopowders were synthesized by chemical precipitation with different amount of Sr2+ replacing Ca2+ into the apatite structure (0 - 100 mol%). The nanopowders were deeply characterized from a morphological, chemical and structural point of view (SEM, TEM, ICP, XRD, FT-IR, 31P-NMR, 1H-NMR, N2 sorption) finding a relation between the experimental evidences and the amount of Sr.


In this paper we derive, directly from the Nambu-Goto action, the relevant components of the acceleration of cosmological featureless $p$-branes, extending previous analysis based on the field theory equations in the thin-brane limit. The component of the acceleration parallel to the velocity is at the core of the velocity-dependent one-scale model for the evolution of $p$-brane networks. We use this model to show that, in a decelerating expanding universe in which the $p$-branes are relevant cosmologically, interactions cannot lead to frustration, except for fine-tuned non-relativistic networks with a dimensionless curvature parameter $k \ll 1$. We discuss the implications of our findings for the cosmological evolution of $p$-brane networks.


A growing body of empirical evidence in the management literature suggests that antecedent variables widely accepted as leading to desirable consequences actually lead to negative outcomes. These increasingly pervasive and often countertheoretical findings permeate levels of analysis (i.e., from micro to macro) and management subfields (e.g., organizational behavior, strategic management). Although seemingly unrelated, the authors contend that this body of empirical research can be accounted for by a meta-theoretical principle they call the too-much-of-a-good-thing effect (TMGT effect). The authors posit that, due to the TMGT effect, all seemingly monotonic positive relations reach context-specific inflection points after which the relations turn asymptotic and often negative, resulting in an overall pattern of curvilinearity. They illustrate how the TMGT effect provides a meta-theoretical explanation for a host of seemingly puzzling results in key areas of organizational behavior (e.g., leadership, personality), human resource management (e.g., job design, personnel selection), entrepreneurship (e.g., new venture planning, firm growth rate), and strategic management (e.g., diversification, organizational slack). Finally, the authors discuss implications of the TMGT effect for theory development, theory testing, and management practice.


Lung cancer is one of the problems of modern oncology, which remains relevant. Its morphological verification is the key moment to choose chemotherapy. Based on the extent of a tumor process, surgery is not indicated in the majority of cases, which necessitates that materials should be obtained preoperatively and when surgery is not indicated to choose effective chemotherapy.


A fully integrated 5.8 GHz Class AB linear power amplifier (PA) in a standard 90 nm CMOS process using thin oxide transistors utilizes a novel on-chip transformer power combining network. The transformer combines the power of four push-pull stages with low insertion loss over the bandwidth of interest and is compatible with standard CMOS process without any additional analog or RF enhancements. With a 1 V power supply, the PA achieves 24.3 dBm maximum output power at a peak drain efficiency of 27% and 20.5 dBm output power at the 1 dB compression point.


Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause invasive disease in immunocompromised individuals and, less frequently, in immunocompetent hosts. Proteomic investigation of A. fumigatus has the potential to enable global analysis of protein expression, identify potential targets for vaccine or diagnostic tool development, and characterise system-wide responses to external stimuli. Implementation of a large-scale proteomic strategy lead to the identification of non-redundant proteins from mycelia (n = 390) and culture supernatants (n = 42) of A. fumigatus. Utilisation of MS-based proteomics facilitated the identification of proteins typically under-represented in 2D-PAGE proteome maps, including proteins with multiple transmembrane regions, hydrophobic proteins and proteins with extremes of molecular mass and pI. Pre-fractionation of complex protein samples, by gel-filtration or gold nanoparticle pre-incubation, demonstrated potential for reduction of sample complexity. Indirect identification of secondary metabolite cluster expression was achieved using a global MS-based proteomic approach, with proteins (n = 20) from LaeA-regulated clusters detected. Targeted immunoproteomics resulted in the identification of antigenic proteins (n = 25) from A. fumigatus, reactive with sera from healthy individuals, and characterisation of these proteins may shed light on the pathobiology of A. fumigatus. Mechanisms involved in the interaction of A. fumigatus with gliotoxin were also examined, using phenotypic analysis, comparative proteomics and metabolomics. Gliotoxin was observed to relieve H2O2-induced stress, in a dose-dependent manner (0 - 10 μg/ml) and this correlated with a significant increase in expression of the gliotoxin oxidoreductase GliT (p < 0.05). This indicates a role for gliotoxin, and potentially GliT, in relief of oxidative stress in A. fumigatus. Correspondingly, proteins associated with response to stress were observed to significantly decrease in expression in the co-addition condition, relative to H2O2 alone (p < 0.05). Comparative proteomic profiling of the gliotoxin-sensitive mutant, A. fumigatus ΔgliK, revealed perturbation of translation, the methyl cycle and the endoplasmic reticulum in response to gliotoxin. This informs on the mechanisms involved in gliotoxin-mediated toxicity and may apply to other gliotoxin-sensitive species. Loss of gliotoxin production in A. fumigatus ΔgliK correlated with significant elevation in intracellular ergothioneine levels (p < 0.001). This study describes the first identification of ergothioneine in A. fumigatus and represents a target for future redox investigations.


Currency market is recently the largest world market during the existence of which there have been many theories regarding the prediction of the development of exchange rates based on macroeconomic, microeconomic, statistic and other models. The aim of this paper is to identify the adequate model for the prediction of non-stationary time series of exchange rates and then use this model to predict the trend of the development of European currencies against Euro. The uniqueness of this paper is in the fact that there are many expert studies dealing with the prediction of the currency pairs rates of the American dollar with other currency but there is only a limited number of scientific studies concerned with the long-term prediction of European currencies with the help of the integrated ARMA models even though the development of exchange rates has a crucial impact on all levels of economy and its prediction is an important indicator for individual countries, banks, companies and businessmen as well as for investors. The results of this study confirm that to predict the conditional variance and then to estimate the future values of exchange rates, it is adequate to use the ARIMA (1,1,1) model without constant, or ARIMA [(1,7),1,(1,7)] model, where in the long-term, the square root of the conditional variance inclines towards stable value.


The use of high–resolution, active sonar systems in littoral environments often results in high false alarm rates. False alarm rate inflation (FARI) and non–Rayleigh reverberation (NRR) are two well–documented causes. FARI may occur when the reverberation in the normaliser window is non–stationary, while NRR may occur when the sonar footprint is too small for the central limit theorem to apply for the scatterer statistics. The main originator for false alarms in littoral environments are either the sea floor itself or objects located on the sea floor. Automatic classification methods may be used to reduce the false alarm rate. Conventionally, advanced sonar processing or image processing techniques have been used directly on received data. Increased availability of environmental information allows for more sophisticated algorithms that employ acoustic modelling to extract more information from recorded data. This thesis addresses two topics of interest. The first topic is on how acoustic modelling combined with environmental knowledge may be used to increase the ability of anti–submarine warfare sonars to classify a detected target. The second topic is on how environmental uncertainty may be reduced in order to improve the fidelity of the proposed classification algorithms


– The purpose of this paper is to add to the knowledge about how to design websites that are stress-free, easy to navigate and relevant to children's learning needs. , – This paper involves an observational study that reports the results of website usability among sixth-grade students in a private foreign school in Kuwait. The observation pertained to search performance, usability and navigation to find the needed information using the WebPath Express database. , – Most of the children navigated and searched the system without much prompting; they found the search box easily, as it was positioned at the top-centre of the page, and without keywords. Of the eight students, none used the narrow-down search option; they commonly performed searches using phrases, and consistency and simplicity aided the search process. Some gender differences were found. The boys got side-tracked easily and took a longer time to find the information they sought than the girls. User behaviour, generally, was influenced by the interface design. , – Research about usability with different grade levels, with different languages and between genders needs to be conducted to provide more definitive conclusions. Sample size in observations can bring to light details that large samples cannot. The goal in observation is not statistical significance but small things that observations can bring to light. , – Web designers need to take into consideration the research results in the areas of user interaction with computers and software. In designing educational tools for the young, several elements that research in general, including this one, emphasizes have to do with the location of search boxes, navigation interface and design elements, all of which can aid the learning process while providing a rewarding and fruitful educational experience. , – These findings shed light on implications for cooperation between librarians and teachers and on design elements for sites tailored to school children.


This paper provides evidence that the positive relation between firm-level stock returns and firm-level return volatility is due to real options that firms possess. Consistent with the theoretical prediction that the value of a real option should be increasing in the volatility of the underlying asset, we find that the positive volatility-return relation is much stronger for firms that are more likely to have more real options. We also find that the sensitivity of firm values to changes in volatility declines significantly after firms exercise their real options. Finally, we reconcile the aggregate-level evidence of a negative relation between returns and return volatility with the positive relation at the firm level by showing that the negative relation at the aggregate level may be due to aggregate market conditions that simultaneously affect both market returns and return volatility.


This paper presents a force servoing method to suppress torsional vibration of two-mass resonant system. The resonance ratio control is one of the effective control methods of two-mass resonant system. In this method, the ratio between the resonant frequency of motor and arm is determined arbitrary according to the feedback of estimated reaction torque. The reaction torque is estimated by using a position sensitive detector (PSD). Since the estimation method does not need the parameter identification, the torsion information is obtained with accuracy. To attain the affinity and adaptability to environment, motion systems should control the reaction torque from the environment. In the force servoing system, the force command is given as a disturbance of the arm portion. The arm disturbance is observed by the arm disturbance observer without force sensors. The proposed force servoing system is based on both the conventional PD control and the resonance ratio control, and the determination method of pole placement is discussed. The proposed force servoing system can realize both the suppression of the inner torsional reaction torque and the adaptation to unknown outer force inputs. The numerical and experimental results show the viability of the proposed method


OBJECTIVES To evaluate the professionals involved in monitoring pregnancies and the quality of antenatal care in the counties of Bergueda and the Bages (central Catalonia). DESIGN Observational and descriptive. SETTING The data were obtained after the birth by interviewing the new mother. PARTICIPANTS The 171 women who gave birth during February and March 1994 in the hospitals of the counties under study. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS 95% of the women had attended for a check-up during the first three months. 44% had the pregnancy card; and 44% also attended motherhood classes. 34% of the pregnant women underwent some kind of antenatal diagnostic test for Chromosomopathies. The number of ecographs ranged from 2 to 12, with an average of 4.7. The new mother identified as professionals involved in monitoring her pregnancy: the gynaecologist (99%), the midwife (32%), the General Practitioner (22%) and other specialists (1%). CONCLUSIONS A high percentage of variables (weight, number of attendances, attendance in first three months, identification of risk) fall within the recommendations of the different quality criteria of the procedures of the Spanish Gynaecology and Obstetrics Society (SEGO). However the number of ecographies varied a lot; there was low attendance at motherhood classes and low identification by the new mother of the midwife as a professional involved.


ABSTRACT Recently artificial intelligence technology replaces traditional manual methods in many fields. Especially the application of artificial intelligence in the legal field liberates legal people from tedious work. For example, crimes are automatically classified based on the facts of the crime, such as the crime name and sentence prediction. However, the premise of these applications is based on the establishment of case bases. Therefore, this paper studies the issue of automatic extraction of verdict information in natural language. Due to the verbal writing specification, we use regular expressions to construct extraction rule templates for template matching. At the same time, we also use natural language processing technology to extract the relevant semantic information accurately. For further similar case searching. The research focus of this paper is on the theft verdicts, and establish a database of records for the theft of the theft and the prediction of the theft of the theft.


Measuring force in optical tweezers is provided by using a QPD positioned at the back-focal-plane of the microscope's condenser based on interference model. Recently we showed, both theoretically and experimentally, that utilizing Talbot interferometer or moiré deflectometer in which the second grating is at one of the Talbot distances of the first one, we are able to detect Micro and/or Nano-particle displacements in optical traps with more sensitivity than the QPD detection method. In this paper, we extend the introduced detection method to 3 dimensions and drive the theoretical framework for detecting axial displacements of the trapped objects based on Rayleigh scattering description. Experimental results on 2.17 Micron bead approve the theoretical predictions and in addition we acquire a 150% improvement factor in detection sensitivity relative to the conventional QPD method.