Brownfield sites in Canada play an essential role in the future development of post-industrial cities. Fundamentally unproductive, these spaces are of no benefit to the city's recovery and therefore must be adapted for a new use. U.S. Steel Canada (Stelco) has defined Hamilton's economy and cultural identity as a blue collar city for more than a century. Now under bankruptcy protection and seeking potential buyers, concerns of the city's capacity to exist as an industrial based economy have increased. The growing inventory of brownfields and the demand for affordable housing in Hamilton are influential factors in its season of heightened urban renewal.Steelcity Living seeks to set a precedent for development and affordable housing enriched by the remediation and preservation of Stelco's industrial ruins and the significance of Hamilton's cultural past.


Ayahuasca is a hallucinogenic plant mixture used in a ceremonial context throughout western Amazonia, and its use has expanded globally in recent decades. As part of this expansion, ayahuasca has become popular among westerners who travel to the Peruvian Amazon in increasing numbers to experience its reportedly healing and transformative effects. Drawing from ethnographic fieldwork in and around the area of Iquitos, Peru, the epicenter of ayahuasca tourism, this paper focuses on some of the problematic aspects of western engagement with indigenous spiritual traditions. This engagement is usually based on idealized and romanticized notions of indigenous shamanism and an inability to digest its less palatable aspects, such as sorcery. Through ethnographic examples and ethnohistorical evidence, I show that the romanticization indigenous peoples is not benign. In fact, this one-sided romantic image hides the complexity of indigenous peoples' situations by erasing the injustices that they have experienced and continue to experience. I propose a more holistic approach to ayahuasca shamanism that views indigenous peoples not living in a fictitious harmony with nature but as people embedded in larger struggles and facing important challenges not the least of which is the recent commercialization of indigenous spirituality.


Our cost-effective prediction model may help gynecological oncologists to guide clinical personalized treat-ment plan regarding the need of lymphadenectomy. Further confirmatory studies are still required to validate our findings. Disclosures We report for the first time that a new scoring method for ER/PR status in preoperative curettage in addition to CA125 level may improve the identification of low-and high-risk EC patients for LNM.


A method for determining when, and for which laboratory instruments, direct interfacing with a computer is cost-effective is presented. Differences between automatic and manual inputting of laboratory test results are discussed, and costs and benefits of on-line instrumentation are analyzed. A complete theoretical model for analyzing projected benefits is described, along with a simplified version based on estimates of the time involved for both manual and automated systems.


The interaction between primate groups and the dynamics involved in the use of space are important factors affecting both competition for resources and intergroup dominance. In the present study we analyzed the differences in home range overlap and intergroup size, as well as the diversity of tree species within the home range, the Value Index for the key tree species, and the daily activity pattern of two neighboring groups of the howler monkey Alouatta palliata. From March 2002 to June 2003, the behavior and location of two groups of monkeys (G1, two adult males, four adult females and four infants; G2, six adult males, five adult females, one juvenile and three infants) were recorded in the same forest patch at Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve, Veracruz, Mexico. Using the Minimum Convex Polygon (100 %), grid (100 m), and Kernel (adapted and fixed) methods, as well as transect sampling, significant differences (F1, 20 = 14.45, P = 0.001) were found in the home range size of the groups, being greater in G2. The habitat in the G2 home range had greater richness and diversity of tree species, as well as a higher Importance Value Index for the key tree species (Ficus spp.) included in the howler monkey diet. On the other hand, significant differences between groups (Mann-Whitney U = 38, P < 0.05) were found only as regards locomotion behavior, likely due to a behavioral adaptation to optimize food resource use or search. The two groups displayed a similar use of food resources; however, there was a slight overlap in the home range between both groups with no direct aggression, likely because their habitat included sufficient space and food. Our data suggest that the reduced overlap may vary between neighboring groups because of factors such as group size. However, groups could weigh various factors to avoid home-range overlap.


Lauric acid coated iron oxide nanoparticles (LAIONPs) is very promising in biomedical applications. Understanding the influences from synthesis processes on physiochemical properties of LAIONPs is very important for their implementations in in vivo and in vitro studies. Here, the superparamagnetic spherical-shaped LAIONPs samples have been prepared based on coprecipitation method (CP-LAIONPs) and through thermal decomposition using FeO(OH) as iron precursor (TD-LAIONPs), respectively. The effects of different stirring speeds in coprecipitation reaction and different heating profiles in thermal decomposition route on the products properties (including size, mass ratio of surfactants, and saturation magnetization) were revealed. For nanoparticles with similar cores sizes (~11 nm) obtained from two different synthesis methods, the TD-LAIONPs showed more spherical morphologies, narrower size distributions in both core sizes and hydrodynamic sizes, and stronger magnetic properties than the CP-LAIONPs. In addition, ferromagnetic cubic-shaped LAIONPs with sizes larger than 50 nm could be obtained using another iron precursor in thermal decomposition route. Thus, the synthesis methods and fabrication conditions should be appropriately chosen to obtain LAIONPs with desirable properties for specific purposes.


This study aims to develop a web service based on the priority needs of SSC faculty and students of SSC SGS. This made use of survey and interview to gather data from randomly selected 81 faculty members of the four campuses of the College and 96 students of SSC SGS. Results revealed that both faculty and student respondents of the four campuses of the College were familiar with the internet surfing. Further, it showed that online enrolment ranked number one priority web service by the two groups of respondents. As to training needs the first priority of the faculty is training on web interactivity while the students' priority is online thesis advising. The developed web service allows processing the incoming and outgoing data such as online enrolment and evaluation of grades. Users' data such as profile and other sensitive is being secured through encryption and decryption process before and after they are saved in the designated databases. All students in the SGS have their own credentials before they could access their data for evaluation of grades and during the enrollment process. However, payment of tuition fees and the like had not been included in the development due to issue on accounting rules and regulations. Keywords - web services, internet surfing, web interactivity, encryption process


Antipsychotics play a key role in biologic therapy of schizophrenia. Following the first-generation neuroleptics, associated with many extrapyramidal side effects (severe dystonias, parkinsonian syndrome, akatisia and late dyskinesia) altering patients' compliance to the treatment, one can now find a new generation of molecules considered as atypical antipsychotics because they rarely cause neurological complications. This propriety provides a better compliance, along with a clear decrease of late dyskinesia risk but the effectiveness compared to ordinary molecules is still questioned. However, some of them can cause an increased risk of metabolic syndrome. Some molecules such as benzodiazepines and some antidepressants can also be prescribed to cure schizophrenic patients.


Obesity is a state of the body, when the amount of energy delivered from food exceeds its consumption by the body. The concept of metabolic syndrome (MS) is determined by the coexistence of the clinical condition with connects risk factors for cardiovascular disease of atherosclerotic character and type 2 diabetes. Metabolic syndrome consists of: increased waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, hyperinsulinemia, lipid disorders, including reduced HDL cholesterol, hypertension, proinflammatory and prothrombotic states. The etiology of metabolic syndrome can be related to two reasons: "adipose-centric" and "diabetes-centric". The basis of all these metabolic changes is an increased fat mass, a fundamental element of the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Lack of physical activity, caloric and highly processed diet are not without significance for the development of MS. The paper discusses the influence of adipose tissue in the development of metabolic syndrome and the common denominator that links obesity to insulin resistance, which results in inflammation. In addition, the indicators reveal the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in Poland and in the world on the basis of the available literature. Additionally, the principles of dietary treatment and its importance in reducing the risk of cardio vascular patients with metabolic syndrome are discussed. Data from studies conducted around the world confirm that we are dealing with an epidemic of the XXI century in the form of obesity and its complications, including


Here we present a robust fully automated method for relative radiometric co-registration. First, a new low dimensional feature-point descriptor, called the Expanded Haar-Like Filter (EHLF) descriptor, is introduced. The EHLF has many desirable properties like flexible design, fast computation, and multi-scale description, while also being insensitive to variations in image quality. Next, two spatial matching schemes are proposed for increasing the percentage of correctly matched feature points. The first is based on a global affine model and the second utilizes dynamic local template fuzzy distance matching. Finally, precise pixel-to-pixel invariant feature points are extracted from a diversity of image locations centered at matched local extrema points. Experimental results show that for high-resolution multi-temporal imagery, the EHLF descriptor can obtain matched feature points with accuracies equivalent to that using a higher dimensional descriptor. In addition, the EHLF descriptor produces a larger number of correctly matched feature points. The spatial matching methods significantly improve feature-point matching, especially for image pairs with large geometric distortions. Radiometric co-registration quality based on the pixel-based invariant features was tested using four different evaluation datasets, and the results demonstrate that the proposed approach produces the lowest normalized root-mean-square error compared with six other automated methods. The proposed method depends on successful extraction of feature points, which may not be available for the scenes that are fully undeveloped (e.g., forest areas). Nonetheless, Monte Carlo simulations show that 30 to 50 correctly matched feature points will provide relatively stable radiometric calibration coefficients.


Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), a type of sarcoma, is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. Because the majority of GIST is driven by KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase ( KIT ) (encodes KIT protein) (OMIM 164920) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor α ( PDGFRA ) (encodes platelet-derived growth factor receptor α) (OMIM 173490), it represents a paradigm for targeted therapy in solid tumors. An exploratory analysis of the Scandinavian Sarcoma Group (SSG) XVIII/Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie (AIO) trial was recently published by Joensuu et al. (1). The parent trial, originally published in 2016, compared 3 years to 1 year of adjuvant imatinib (Gleevec ® ) in surgically resected GISTs (2). It established 3 years of adjuvant imatinib as the standard of care for high risk GIST. The authors, hoping to capitalize on lessons learned about the molecular biology of this disease, evaluated the mutation status of patients enrolled in the trial.


Objectives To estimate the nationwide population-based incidence, prevalence, and geographical distribution of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in Denmark based on the 2015 International Panel for NMO Diagnosis (IPND) criteria. Methods We conducted a multicentre, historically prospective study. Data were sourced from the Danish National Patient Registry, the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry, departments of neurology, and laboratories providing aquaporin-4 antibody test. Cases were selected based on the 2006 Wingerchuk and the 2015 IPND criteria and were individually validated by an expert panel. Results We confirmed NMO in 30 cases (2006 criteria) and NMOSD in 56 cases (2015 IPND criteria) between 2007 and 2014. Defined by the 2006 criteria, the incidence of NMO was 0.029 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.014–0.051), and the prevalence (aged 16 years and older) was 0.566 per 100,000 (95% CI 0.370–0.830). Based on the 2015 IPND criteria, the incidence of NMOSD was 0.070 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI 0.046–0.102), and the prevalence (aged 16 years and older) was 1.09 per 100,000 (95% CI 0.808–1.440), without regional differences. Conclusions Our estimates of incidence and prevalence are similar to other Caucasian population–based studies using the 2015 IPND criteria. We found no geographical clustering in Denmark.


Current language models are considered to have sub-human capabilities at natural language tasks like question-answering or writing code. However, language models are not trained to perform well at these tasks, they are trained to accurately predict the next token given previous tokes in tokenized text. It is not clear whether language models are better or worse than humans at next token prediction. To try to answer this question, we performed two distinct experiments to directly compare humans and language models on this front: one measuring top-1 accuracy and the other measuring perplexity. In both experiments, we find humans to be consistently \emph{worse} than even relatively small language models like GPT3-Ada at next-token prediction.


ABSTRACT Background and Aims Internal jugular vein (IJV) cannulation is a common procedure in the ICU with thrombosis being an uncommon, albeit serious complication. Thrombosis is one of the important complications of IJV cannulation. This study aims to evaluate the use of ultrasound screening by intensivists to assess the incidence of catheter-related IJV thrombosis in ICU. Materials and Methods Fifty consecutive IJV cannulations meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed in the ICU. Duplex scanning and color doppler sonography were performed by the intensivist on day 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 after cannulation. The thrombus, when detected, was confirmed independently by a radiologist. The patient demographics, the type of catheter, laterality and the mean duration of catheterization were recorded. Risk factors like presence of circulatory shock, thrombocytosis, DIC, liver disease, and absence of chemoprophylaxis for DVT were documented. Results A total of 39 patients and 50 cannulations were studied. The mean age of patients was 56.5±16.2 years and mean duration of catheterization was 6.6±2.1 days. We found a 38% (19/50) incidence of thrombosis in our study. There was 100% correlation in detection of thrombosis by the intensivist and the radiologist. The thrombus was detected at 6.9±2.1 days after cannulation. All the patients who developed thrombosis had one or more risk factors. The most common risk factor was circulatory shock (40%). Central line associated blood stream infection (CLABSI) was seen only in the patients in whom IJV thrombus was detected (5/19). Conclusion Catheter-related IJV thrombosis is a frequent complication in ICU patients and is associated with the increased risk of CLABSI. Ultrasound screening is simple, feasible and accurate in diagnosing IJV thrombosis. How to cite this article Bhat MNM, Venkatraman R, Ramakrishnan N, Abraham BK, Rajagopalan S. Value of Routine Sonographic Screening of Internal Jugular Vein to Detect Catheter Related Thrombosis in Intensive Care Unit. Indian J Crit Care Med 2019;23(7):326–328.


Rock mass characterization and classification are significant in geological investigations involving engineering works and in the field of applied geology. Discontinuities characterization and rock properties determination are essential within the intended engineering work type. An outcrop of the metamorphic rocks from Casio Formation at The Truchas Syncline has been the target of this investigation. The most widely used rock mass classification systems are the Rock Mass Quality Index (Q system) and the Geomechanics Classification (RMR) and more recently the SRC system and those were applied in this site of investigation. Fair rock with a III RMR class has been described for this outcrop under investigation while Q rock mass classification is set between very poor and poor in that site. In addition the SRC classification provide a class V rock mass.


Recently, at the University Paris Diderot (France), a unique in the world electron microscope configuration was installed. It consists of a JEOL JEM-ARM200F spherical aberration corrected electron microscope (TEM) equipped with a cold field emission gun (CFEG). In this paper, we report on the performances of this newly developed 80 200 kV microscope. Firstly, we show that the stability of both emission and probe currents makes the use of this new cold-FEG much friendlier. Energy spread of electrons emitted from the CFEG has been measured as a function of emission current and shows a very last 0.26 eV energy resolution at 200 kV and even 0.23 eV at 80 kV. The combination of the cold FEG and the CEOS aberration corrector of the objective lens, associated to enhanced mechanical and electrical stabilities of this new TEM, allows reaching a point resolution of 75 pm at 200 kV and 80 pm at 80 kV. This unseen point resolution at 200 kV has allowed us to study the structure of CoPt nanoparticles by observing direct images of their atomic arrangement along high indexes zone axis, as well as carbon graphite along the [0001] zone axis orientation. The high sensitivity of this microscope allows us to image and to analyze the chemical specie of single atoms diffusing on an amorphous carbon substrate. Finally, we used the small energy spread of the CFEG to study the surface plasmon resonance modes characteristic of bimetallic nanoparticles in close electromagnetic interaction.


PURPOSE
To evaluate the influence of different surface treatments of six novel CAD/CAM materials on the bonding effectiveness of two luting composites.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Six different CAD/CAM materials were tested: four ceramics - Vita Mark II; IPS Empress CAD and IPS e.max CAD; Celtra Duo - one hybrid ceramic, Vita Enamic, and one composite CAD/CAM block, Lava Ultimate. A total of 60 blocks (10 per material) received various mechanical surface treatments: 1. 600-grit SiC paper; 2. sandblasting with 30-μm Al2O3; 3. tribochemical silica coating (CoJet). Subsequent chemical surface treatments involved either no further treatment (control), HF acid etching (HF), silanization (S, or HF acid etching followed by silanization (HF+S). Two specimens with the same surface treatment were bonded together using two dual-curing luting composites: Clearfil Esthetic Cement (self-etching) or Panavia SA Cement (self-adhesive). After 1 week of water storage, the microtensile bond strength of the sectioned microspecimens was measured and the failure mode was evaluated.

RESULTS
The bonding performance of the six CAD/CAM materials was significantly influenced by surface treatment (linear mixed models, p < 0.05). The luting cement had a significant influence on bond strength for Celtra Duo and Lava Ultimate (linear mixed models, p < 0.05). Mechanical surface treatment significantly influenced the bond strength for Celtra Duo (p = 0.0117), IPS e.max CAD (p = 0.0115), and Lava Ultimate (p < 0.0001). Different chemical surface treatments resulted in the highest bond strengths for the six CAD/CAM materials: Vita Mark II and IPS Empress CAD: S, HF+S; Celtra Duo: HF, HF+S; IPS e.max CAD: HF+S; Vita Enamic: HF+S, S. For Lava Ultimate, the highest bond strengths were obtained with HF, S, HF+S. Failure analysis showed a relation between bond strength and failure type: more mixed failures were observed with higher bond strengths. Mainly adhesive failures were noticed if no further surface treatment was done. The percentage of adhesive failures was higher for CAD/CAM materials with higher flexural strength (Celtra Duo, IPS e.max CAD, and Lava Ultimate).

CONCLUSION
The bond strength of luting composites to novel CAD/CAM materials is influenced by surface treatment. For each luting composite, an adhesive cementation protocol can be specified in order to obtain the highest bond to the individual CAD/CAM materials.


In the last several years, both scientific and industrial community have shown an increasing interest in range imaging due to its potential use in various application domains such as robotics, vehicle safety, gaming, mobile applications as well as many others. Among the diversity of techniques available for range detection, Time-of-Flight (TOF) offers advantages in terms of compact system realization, good performance and low required computational power. Recent works have shown a trend towards higher resolutions, with a consequent reduction of pixel size, higher modulation frequencies and demodulation contrast to allow a higher distance precision.
 In this thesis we propose a new concept of range camera exploiting linear-mode avalanche photodiodes as in-pixel demodulating detectors. Due to photocurrent gain modulation, avalanche photodiodes can combine optical sensing and light signal demodulation in a single device. The main advantage of the avalanche photodiode implementation is the possibility to operate at high frequencies due to its very wide bandwidth that, in turn, influences the precision in distance measurement.
 In a first stage, the concept was experimentally validated on single pixel structures. These measurement results encouraged the implementation of a time-of-flight image sensor. A 64x64 pixel array has been designed and fabricated in a 0.35um standard CMOS technology. The pixel pitch is 30um with a fill-factor of 25.7%. Demodulation contrast exceeds 85% at 25MHz modulation frequency. A 3D camera system demonstrates best precision of 1.9cm and a 3D frame rate of 200fps.
 Additional tests performed on single pixels have shown demodulation contrast as high as 80% measured at 200MHz modulation frequency.


The study deals with photophoresis of a spherical micro-particle suspended in absorbing gaseous media. Photophoretic motion of the particle stems from the asymmetric distribution of absorbed energy within the particle. By evaluating the so-called heat source function at various conditions, the study focuses on the effects of governing parameters on the energy distribution within the particle and their potential influences to the photophoresis. The results reveal that the increase in either particle size or absorptivity enhances the energy intensity on the illuminated (leading) side and tends to generate positive photophoresis. For a particle of low absorptivity, the energy distribution is dominated by particle refraction. Enhancing particle refractivity, the energy tends to be focused onto a certain spot area on the shaded (trailing) side and leads to a tendency of negative photophoresis. Increasing medium absorptivity significantly degrades the level of energy absorbed by the particle and in turn weakens the driving force of the particle photophoresis. Defence Science Journal, 2010, 60(3), pp.233-237 , DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.60.347


The paper develops a self-tuning resource aware partial evaluation technique for Prolog programs, which derives its own control strategies tuned for the underlying computer architecture and Prolog compiler using a genetic algorithm approach. The algorithm is based on mutating the annotations of offline partial evaluation. Using a set of representative sample queries it decides upon the fitness of annotations, controlling the trade-off between code explosion, speedup gained and specialisation time. The user can specify the importance of each of these factors in determining the quality of the produced code, tailouring the specialisation to the particular problem at hand. We present experimental results for our implemented technique on a series of benchmarks. The results are compared against the aggressive termination based binding-time analysis and optimised using different measures for the quality of code. We also show that our technique avoids some classical pitfalls of partial evaluation.


Abstract:As a point of departure, this paper takes a portrait of Count Joseph Carl Immanuel Waldstein on which he is portrayed holding a copy of the Zohar. The portrait is a highly unusual (and possibly unique) representation of a Jewish book in Western art: it is possible to recognize a specific edition of the work and an exact passage taken from it. The paper addresses a question as to why this particular passage of the Zohar was selected. An interpretation of this passage within the framework of Sabbatian kabbalah is proposed. The paper discusses the milieu of the count and his contacts with Jewish kabbalists. In particular, the relationship between Count Waldstein and Wolf Eibeschütz, the youngest son of Rabbi Jonathan Eibeschütz is analyzed. The portrait is interpreted as a pictorial representation of Sabbatian political theology putting forward the idea of the eschatological conflict between Islam and Christianity paving the way for the acceptance of the messiah Sabbatai Tsevi by non-Jews.


The Superconducting Analyzer for MUlti-particles from RAdioIsotope (SAMURAI) Pion-Reconstruction and Ion-Tracker Time Projection Chamber (SπRIT TPC) was designed to enable measurements of heavy ion collisions with the SAMURAI spectrometer at the RIKEN radioactive isotope beam factory and provides constraints on the equation of state of neutron-rich nuclear matter. The SπRIT TPC has a 50.5 cm drift length and an 86.4 × 134.4 cm2 pad plane with 12 096 pads that are equipped with the generic electronics for TPCs. The SπRIT TPC allows for an excellent reconstruction of particles and provides isotopic resolution for pions and other light charged particles across a wide range of energy losses and momenta. The details of the SπRIT TPC are presented, along with discussion of the TPC performance based on cosmic rays and charged particles emitted in heavy ion collisions.


This poster examines several published articles that report on the experiences of children with sensory motor disorders in hospitals (in-patient) and in the emergency room (emergent/outpatient/emergency department). These articles vary in their use and definition of the term "sensory motor disorder". First, Johnson and Rodriguez (2013) explore the behaviors of hospitalized children with autism spectrum disorder and the challenges that many health care providers may face. Muskat and Riosa (2015) conducted a qualitative research analysis on the challenges for patients with autism spectrum disorder and their families in an acute hospital setting. Furthermore, Wilson and Peterson (2018) discuss the previous healthcare experiences of children with autism spectrum disorder and their parents. Finally, Chinawa and Odetunde (2014) studied the experiences of Nigerian parents of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders in outpatient clinics. Currently, the general consensus among researchers is that there are few provisions made to differentiate the process according to the needs of children with sensory motor disorders. The research indicates that, in the future, more education of medical staff and accommodations for the patients should be given to aid in the provision of a successful healthcare experience.  Keywords: Hospitalization, In-patient setting, Out-patient setting, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Sensory Motor Disorder"


BACKGROUND
Resection of deep intracranial cavernous malformations (CMs) is associated with a higher risk of neurological deterioration and uncertainty regarding clinical outcomes.

OBJECTIVE
To examine diffusion tractography imaging (DTI) data evaluating the corticospinal tract (CST) in relation to motor and functional outcomes in patients with surgically resected deep CMs.

METHODS
Perilesional CST was characterized as disrupted, displaced, or normal. Mean fractional anisotropy (FA) values were obtained for whole ipsilateral CST and in 3 regions: subcortical (proximal), perilesional, and distally. Mean FA values in anatomically equivalent regions in the contralateral CST were obtained. Clinical and radiological data were collected independently. Multivariable regression analysis was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS
A total of 18 patients [brainstem (15) and thalamus/basal ganglia (3); median follow-up: 270 d] were identified over 2 yr. The CST was identified preoperatively as disrupted (6), displaced (8), and normal (4). Five of 6 patients with disruption had weakness. Higher preoperative mean FA values for distal ipsilateral CST segment were associated with better preoperative lower (P < .001), upper limb (P = .004), postoperative lower (P = .005), and upper limb (P < .001) motor examination. Preoperative mean FA values for distal ipsilateral CST segment (P = .001) and contralateral perilesional CST segment (P < .001) were negatively associated with postoperative modified Rankin scale scores.

CONCLUSION
Lower preoperative mean FA values for overall and defined CST segments corresponded to worse patient pre- and postoperative motor examination and/or functional status. FA value for the distal ipsilateral CST segment has prognostic potential with respect to clinical outcomes.


Abstract This commentary on a poem of Crates of Thebes, which was transmitted in Julian's Oration VII, To the Cynic Herakleios, and Oration IX [VI], To the Uneducated Cynics, intends to rediscuss the notions of happiness, pleasure, wealth, and justice in the context of the kata phusin life as viewed by the Cynics. The "minimal ethics" proposed by the cynic philosophers, which many would consider as a kind of voluntary experience of suffering, appears as a possible way to secure both individual happiness and political justice.


This paper focuses on the extension of the asymptotic covariance of the sample covariance (denoted Bartlett's formula) of linear processes to thirdand fourth-order sample cumulant and to noisy linear processes. Closed-form expressions of the asymptotic covariance and cross-covariance of the sample second-, third-, and fourth-order cumulants are derived in a relatively straightforward manner, thanks to a matrix polyspectral representation and a symbolic calculus akin to a high-level language. As an application of these extended formulae, we underscore the sensitivity of the asymptotic performance of estimated ARMA parameters by an arbitrary third- or fourth-order-based algorithm with respect to the signal-to-noise ratio, the spectra of the linear process, and the colored additive noise.


A dual gate transistor was fabricated using a self-assembled monolayer as the semiconductor. We show the possibility of processing a dielectric on top of the self-assembled monolayer without deteriorating the device performance. The two gates of the transistor accumulate charges in the monomolecular transport layer and artifacts caused by the semiconductor thickness are negated. We investigate the electrical transport in a dual gate self-assembled monolayer field-effect transistor and present a detailed analysis of the importance of the contact geometry in monolayer field-effect transistors.


Summary. This case report presents a very aggressive course of amelanotic nodular melanoma during pregnancy resulting in death five months after delivery. A 34 year-old Caucasian woman at 19th week of the second pregnancy was diagnosed having amelanotic nodular melanoma (tumor thickness – 2.5 mm) with metastases to the regional right inguinal lymph node. Amelanotic nodular melanoma represents malignant melanocytic tumor of the skin, which clinically mimics a variety of benign and malignant skin conditions and therefore commonly leads to delayed diagnosis. Though primary tumor was excised immediately, other treatment procedures as radical lymphadenectomy and chemotherapy were delayed, and immunotherapy was not given totally. At the 29th week of pregnancy, the woman via naturalem delivered a healthy female child, and the chemotherapy was started. Since pregnancy limits the prescription of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, the prognosis for melanoma during pregnancy detected later than in the second stage is poor and can be illustrated by our reported case. Such patients seems to be at higher risk to develop metastasis of melanoma in the internal organs and occasionally even in the fetus; therefore, they should be timely informed about that.


This spoken paper explored Kleinian and post-Kleinian thinking about symbol formation and the implications it has on the development of creative practice for students in Higher Education, and offered some thoughts on the resulting challenges for lecturers trying to develop their students' creative capacity and helping them negotiate this Primitive Space.

One of the developmental achievements that Melanie Klein describes is of the infant's successful negotiation of the depressive position, having first of all developed a primitive working ego through splitting processes associated with the paranoid-schizoid position. She recognises that the movement between these positions reoccurs throughout a person's life to a greater or lesser extent.
Hannah Segal suggests that symbolic equation, (lack of distinction between the symbol and the object that it symbolises) occurs when a person has not successfully negotiated movement from the paranoid-schizoid to the depressive position. True symbolic representation requires the ability to be able to bear loss and separateness, and hence an understanding that the symbol is separate from that which it symbolises. She also suggests that creativity is connected with the reparative process – that it contains the desire to make good what has been destroyed through defensive attacks made in paranoid-schizoid functioning. Segal makes the connection between symbolic equation and Wilfred Bion's idea of beta elements, and symbolic representation and his alpha elements

In this paper I explore the notion that creativity requires the ability to both tolerate frustration but to also be able to visit and revisit the conditions found in the paranoid-schizoid position and to oscillate between both positions in order to explore the further reaches of our creativity. The individual in creative mode must be both the provider of Bion's beta elements and to be the container who can convert them into knowable alpha elements.


We prove a range of new sum-product type growth estimates over a general field $\mathbb{F}$, in particular the special case $\mathbb{F}=\mathbb{F}_p$. They are unified by the theme of "breaking the $3/2$ threshold", epitomising the previous state of the art. These estimates stem from specially suited applications of incidence bounds over $\mathbb{F}$, which apply to higher moments of representation functions.
We establish the estimate $|R[A]| \gtrsim |A|^{8/5}$ for cardinality of the set $R[A]$ of distinct cross-ratios defined by triples of elements of a (sufficiently small if $\mathbb{F}$ has positive characteristic, similarly for the rest of the estimates) set $A\subset \mathbb{F}$, pinned at infinity. The cross-ratio naturally arises in various sum-product type questions of projective nature and is the unifying concept underlying most of our results. It enables one to take advantage of its symmetry properties as an onset of growth of, for instance, products of difference sets. The geometric nature of the cross-ratio enables us to break the version of the above threshold for the minimum number of distinct triangle areas $Ouu'$, defined by points $u,u'$ of a non-collinear point set $P\subset \mathbb{F}^2$.
Another instance of breaking the threshold is showing that if $A$ is sufficiently small and has additive doubling constant $M$, then $|AA|\gtrsim M^{-2}|A|^{14/9}$. This result has a second moment version, which allows for new upper bounds for the number of collinear point triples in the set $A\times A\subset \mathbb{F}^2$, the quantity often arising in applications of geometric incidence estimates.


Five populations with varying percentages of animals in full-sib families were simulated. For each population, three combinations of additive and dominance genetic variances of different relative magnitudes were considered, thereby creating fifteen sub-populations. Constant residual variance was used in all populations. Variance components were estimated using the tilde-hat approximation to REML based on sire-dam model. Populations with few full-sibs (2% and 10%) and small magnitude of dominance variance (50), resulted in inaccurate estimation of dominance genetic variance. In populations with a large number of animals having dominance genetic relationships (20% or greater), estimates of dominance genetic variances can be obtained with improved accuracy even when the dominance genetic effect in the population is of small magnitude. Overestimation of additive genetic variance increased as both the number of full-sibs and the magnitude of dominance effects increased. South African Journal of Animal Science Vol.32(2) 2002: 113-121


Diarrhea is an important hygienic problem in under development countries. Among pathogenic agents Escherichia coli is the most etiologic agent of diarrhea in children below five years old. Some E. coli strains produce cytotoxins that have cytopathic effect on vero cell and identified as verotoxin. This study performs for resolve frequency of Vero Toxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) in Kerman city. Samples include 375 raw milk sample that obtained from city and 122 raw milk samples that collected from cattle farms. VTEC strains were serotype by Entro Pathogenic Esherchia coli (EPEC) antiserum. Verotoxin were measured by using vero cell. The results of this research show that from 375 raw milk samples (75.45 %) that prepared from Kerman city 7 samples (1.85 %) were contaminated and from 122 samples (24.55 %) that prepared from cow growth two samples have contamination with VTEC. Neutralization experiment show that from 9 VTEC strains that isolated from raw milk, 5 strain (55.5%) produce VT1 and 3 strains produce VT2 (33.3 %). Also one strain (11.11 %) produces VT1 and VT2. Degree of contamination within milks that sold in city than milk that prepare from cow growth have not any significant difference (P= 0.613). This study show VTEC have very important in Kerman city but O157:H7 serotype in the Kerman city have low frequency.


The caudate nucleus of the cat appears to be homogeneous when examined with the light or electron microscope, except for a layer beneath the ependyma where there is a high concentration of glial cells and few neurons. In sections of brains stained with thionin the nerve cells in the caudate nucleus fall into three size groups: less than 8 $\mu m$ , 9 to 18 $\mu m$ , greater than 20 $\mu m$ . Examination of material impregnated with the Golgi technique shows that there are six cell types (one small, four medium and one large), and these are distinguishable on the basis of the size of the cell somata and the appearance and arrangement of their dendrites. One type of medium cell with many dendritic spines forms over 95% of the cell population. The large and one medium cell type are tentatively identified as the source of the efferent fibres of the nucleus. These efferent fibres and the axons of the remaining medium cell types have collateral branches. Three groups of possible afferent fibres have been identified, and these and the collateral branches of the intrinsic neurons form a dense plexus whose individual fibres cross dendrites rather than lie parallel to them. Six cell types may also be distinguished with the electron microscope, and four of these can be correlated directly with those seen in Golgi impregnated material. Several kinds of dendrites are present, the commonest having numerous spines. Fewer spines are present on other varieties of dendrite, and those dendrites which are varicose have no spines. Numerous fine, nonmyelinated axons are present.


In this contribution the investigation of nano(micro)relief processing for InP substrates (by varying the wet chemical anisotropic etching) is described in detail. The morphology (quasigratings, dendrites, pyramids) and statistical parameters were investigated with the help of AFM. To select the optimum microrelief processing the optical (reflection) and photoelectric characteristics of Au (or ITO)/InP barrier structures were measured in UV, Vis, and NIR. Results are promising for development of nano(micro)-technologies for optoelectronic application.


The initial assessment of skin lesions is typically based on dermoscopic images. As this is a difficult and time-consuming task, machine learning methods using dermoscopic images have been proposed to assist human experts. Other approaches have studied electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) as a basis for clinical decision support systems. Both methods represent different ways of measuring skin lesion properties as dermoscopy relies on visible light and EIS uses electric currents. Thus, the two methods might carry complementary features for lesion classification. Therefore, we propose joint deep learning models considering both EIS and dermoscopy for melanoma detection. For this purpose, we first study machine learning methods for EIS that incorporate domain knowledge and previously used heuristics into the design process. As a result, we propose a recurrent model with state-max-pooling which automatically learns the relevance of different EIS measurements. Second, we combine this new model with different convolutional neural networks that process dermoscopic images. We study ensembling approaches and also propose a cross-attention module guiding information exchange between the EIS and dermoscopy model. In general, combinations of EIS and dermoscopy clearly outperform models that only use either EIS or dermoscopy. We show that our attention-based, combined model outperforms other models with specificities of 34:4% (CI 31:3-38:4), 34:7% (CI 31:0-38:8) and 53:7% (CI 50:1-57:6) for dermoscopy, EIS and the combined model, respectively, at a clinically relevant sensitivity of 98 %.


Ad-blocking services allow individual users to avoid the obtrusive advertising that both clutters and finances most Internet publishing. Ad-blocking's immense — and growing — popularity suggests the depth of Internet users' frustration with Internet advertising. But its potential to disrupt publishers' traditional Internet revenue model makes ad-blocking one of the most significant recent Internet phenomena. Unsurprisingly, publishers are not inclined to accept ad-blocking without a legal fight. While publishers are threatening suits in the United States, the issues presented by ad-blocking have been extensively litigated in German courts where ad-blocking consistently has triumphed over claims that it represents a form of unfair competition. In this article I survey the recent German ad-blocking cases and consider the claims publishers are likely to raise against ad-blocking in the imminent American litigation. I conclude that, when the American ad-blocking cases come, they are bound to meet with the fate they suffered in Germany. I argue that the relevant German and American legal frameworks reinforce a similar set of values, including: respect for individual autonomy; recognition of the broad social benefits ad-blocking can generate; and an insistence that publishers accept ad-blocking as part of the free market in which they must evolve and innovate in order to compete.


The process by which new communities emerge is a central research issue in the social sciences. While a growing body of research analyzes the formation of a single community by examining social networks between individuals, we introduce a novel community-centered perspective. We highlight the fact that the context in which a new community emerges contains numerous existing communities. We reveal the emerging process of communities by tracing their early members' previous community memberships. Our testbed is Reddit, a website that consists of tens of thousands of user-created communities. We analyze a dataset that spans over a decade and includes the posting history of users on Reddit from its inception to April 2017. We first propose a computational framework for building genealogy graphs between communities. We present the first large-scale characterization of such genealogy graphs. Surprisingly, basic graph properties, such as the number of parents and max parent weight, converge quickly despite the fact that the number of communities increases rapidly over time. Furthermore, we investigate the connection between a community's origin and its future growth. Our results show that strong parent connections are associated with future community growth, confirming the importance of existing community structures in which a new community emerges. Finally, we turn to the individual level and examine the characteristics of early members. We find that a diverse portfolio across existing communities is the most important predictor for becoming an early member in a new community.


Gender is encoded in multiple technological infrastructures, most prominently in digital forms across educational, commercial, medical and governmental contexts. To illustrate the pervasiveness of (binary) gender ideologies and the impact this can have on non-binary individuals – like me – encountering them, I conducted an autoethnography. For more than a year, starting with me receiving a legal non-binary status, I documented systems that did not allow me to register my gender correctly. The findings indicate how technological infrastructures predominantly encode gender as a fixed, immutable and static binary variable with limited options for non-binary people to adequately register self-determined choices for gender and/or (gendered) titles. I further analyse the range of reactions that I received when pro-actively asking for workarounds, fixes and updates, indicating how pointing towards those issues can trouble the status quo, identities and power hierarchies in unintended ways. I close on suggestions for the refactoring of existing and design of new technological infrastructures around gender and reflect on the value of lived experience in knowledge production – as well as the cost it comes with for those doing this research.


The Extensible Markup Language (XML) has emerged as a de facto standard language for exchanging data among disparate information systems. Since the majority of data in the world is stored in databases, the conversion of such data into XML documents is indispensable for real world usage. In this paper, we propose the algorithm for mapping the Entity Relationship model (ER model) to the XML document at the metadata level to address this conversion issue effectively. This is a progressive attempt to automatically generate the XML document from the conceptual database schema using the XML Schema. In this paper, we introduce a set of ER-to-XML mapping rules and then show the mapping algorithm based on these rules. We also introduce the XML Schema which forms the groundwork of this mapping algorithm


To improve yield, 6 3-mL plasma cultures (18 mL total) were established for adult patients with early Lyme disease associated with erythema migrans. Borrelia burgdorferi was recovered from the blood of 22 (44.0%) of 50 evaluable patients. The recovery rate per plasma culture and the frequency of positive results for plasma cultures for individual patients were consistent with a level of spirochetemia of approximately 0.1 cultivable cell/mL of whole blood. Our findings suggest that, if further improvements in the yield of blood cultures are possible, they probably will depend on enhancing the sensitivity of the culture method rather than increasing the volume of material cultured.


NK cells are critical in immune responses against pathogens. However, their role in autoimmunity is still controversial. In this study, we demonstrate that neonatal NK cells render newborns more susceptible to neonatal autoimmunity induced by maternal autoantibodies (neonatal autoimmune ovarian disease); thus, neonatal but not adult NK cells are pathogenic after transfer into NK cell–deficient pups. The inhibitory receptors Ly49C/I are expressed in ∼5% of neonatal and ∼50% of adult NK cells. In this study, we show that the presence of Ly49C/I+ adult NK cells inhibits neonatal autoimmune ovarian disease induction. Thus, the ontogenetic regulation of Ly49C/I expression determines the propensity to autoantibody-induced autoimmunity. In summary, this study provides definitive evidence of a pathogenic role of NK cells in neonatal autoimmunity and also elucidates a novel mechanism by which neonatal NK cells render newborns more susceptible to autoantibody-induced autoimmunity.


A meta-analysis was conducted to examine the effect of supplementing the diet of broiler chickens with propolis on growth, bacterial population of the intestine, antiviral serum concentration, intestinal morphology, and digestive enzyme activities in broiler chickens. Forty peer-reviewed articles that had been published between 2003 and 2019 were identified using the PRISMA protocol and included in the study. Data were analysed with mixed model methodology, in which the studies were considered random effects, whereas the level of supplemental propolis was considered a fixed effect. Responses to propolis supplementation in bodyweight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) were quadratic, but average daily feed intake (ADFI) was not affected. Propolis supplementation improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly as a linear function of the level of supplement. The optimum level of supplementation was between 256 and 262 mg/kg feed and produced maximum ADG and final BW. There was a tendency for mortality to decrease because of propolis supplementation. Propolis had no detectable effect on serum antiviral concentration, intestinal bacterial population or intestinal morphology. Among digestive enzymes, only sucrase increased linearly as propolis was increased. Thus, supplementation with propolis increased the growth performance of broiler chickens positively and the effect was dose dependent. This may have been partly because of an improvement in sucrase activity and other factors related to the nutritional content of propolis. Future study to evaluate specific bioactive compounds of propolis is therefore warranted.


Abstract : Designed as a research tool to aid in the understanding of Sino-Soviet rivalry in the Pacific region, these chronologies reflect the tenor of Chinese and Soviet interactions with countries in the Asian area. Early volumes cover these interactions with Japan, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, the Democratic Republic of Korea, and the Republic of Vietnam, in the political, military, economic, scientific, or cultural fields. To reflect more accurately the nature of the Chinese and Soviet interactions, the country coverage was expanded in later issues to include Laos, Kampuchea, Burma, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and the ASEAN nations (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand). Trends observed in the exchanges among the nations are summarized beginning with the January-June 1979 volume. Starting with the July-December 1982 issue, documentary eppendixes have been added. Beginning with the January-June 1982 volume, matrices of Asian countries' interactions with China and the USSR were added. Sources are provided for each entry in all issues.


The sudden arrival of shipworms (Teredo navalis) along Dutch coasts in the 1730s posed significant challenges for water management. Although this invasive mollusc would eventually catalyse a dramatic transformation of coastal dike infrastructure, those changes only developed in the context of years of experimentation, wide ranging popular participation and increasing public anxiety. The perceived novelty of the shipworm episode was crucial to the Dutch interpretation of this disaster. This was the first sustained, explosive appearance of marine boring molluscs in Dutch waters. The novelty of the shipworm threat revealed the limitations of adaptive decision-making based in prior experience or cultural memory. At the same time, the novelty of the biological organism offered unique possibilities for natural historians and laypeople to participate in adaptive dialogues. Finally, moralists used the exceptionality of the threat as proof of divine influence. Ultimate technological 'solutions' to the shipworm threat developed out of this expanded adaptive discourse.


We live in troubling times. The economic crisis fills us with anxiety. Young, unemployed and throes to finish living worse fear that their parents are not able to take charge of the situation. What has happened to that Spain and Europe, less than four years ago seemed to land of opportunities for native and foreign, have become hostile territories? The economic crisis does not explain everything; It is only a symptom that the basis on which we were building the future were not as firm. It is true that the crisis has brought to bare the obscenity of speculative financial capitalism. It is also true that this crisis can be the great opportunity to build the world on a human and sustainable economic basis, i.e.,just the opposite of the current submission to the dictatorship of the financial markets. But the contemporary crisis has deep and extensive roots. I will refer to other crises, as important or more than the economic one, because to glimpse the future it is essential to carefully track the present and discover the "weak signals" the latent opportunities that await we become them realities. Language: es


Introduction: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide that causes more mortality each year. Given that lack of regular screening for cervical cancer is associated with an increased risk of 2 to 6 times and that the Health Belief Model (HBM) has been introduced as a suitable model to improve screening behaviors, this study was conducted aimed to survey the effect of blended educational program on cervical cancer screening behavior based on HBM among housekeeper women. Materials & methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 120 individuals of housekeeper women referring to health centre in West Eslamabad city were randomly selected. Using standardized questionnaire knowledge, HBM items and Pap test performance were measured before and after 3 months of educational intervention. The educational intervention consisted of four sessions of 45-minute-long of four weeks. Data were analyzed by software spss 21 and descriptive statistics (frequency, mean and standard deviation) and analytical (paired t, independent t and Chi-square tests) at the significant level of less than 0.05. Findings: After the educational intervention, the mean scores of knowledge and HBM items except the perceived severity, were significantly higher in the intervention group compared to control group (p less-than 0.05). Also, after intervention, 66.7 percent of women in the intervention group the ability of Pap smear screening compared to the controls were obtained. Discussion & conclusions: The results of current study showed that the combined program consisting of BEP and HBM provide a suitable framework for developing educational interventions regarding Pap test practice.


On the basis of the Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis genome, a novel type of gal operon was deduced. The gene expression and biochemical properties of this operon were further characterized. RT-PCR analysis of the intergenic regions suggested that the transcription of the gal operon was continuous. With gene cloning and enzyme activity assays, TTE1929, TTE1928 and TTE1927 were identified to be GalT, GalK and GalE, respectively. Results elicited from polarimetry assays revealed that TTE1925, a hypothetical protein, was a novel mutarotase, termed MR-Tt. TTE1926 was identified as a regulator that could bind to two operators in the operon promoter. The transcriptional start sites were mapped, and this suggested that there are two promoters in this operon. Expression of the gal genes was significantly induced by galactose, whereas only MR-Tt expression was detected in glucose-cultured T. tengcongensis at both the mRNA and the protein level. In addition, the abundance of gal proteins was examined at different temperatures. At temperatures ranging from 60 to 80 degrees C, the level of MR-Tt protein was relatively stable, but that of the other gal proteins was dramatically decreased. The operator-binding complexes were isolated and identified by electrophoretic mobility shift assay-liquid chromatography (EMSA-LC) MS-MS, which suggested that several regulatory proteins, such as GalR and a sensory histidine kinase, participate in the regulation of the gal operon.


This paper investigates whether measuring consumption risk over long horizons can improve the empirical performance of the consumption-based capital asset pricing model (CCAPM) for size and value premia in international stock markets (USA, UK, and Germany). In order to account for commonalities in size and book-to-market sorted portfolios, we also include industry portfolios in our set of test assets. Our results show that, contrary to the findings of Parker and Julliard [2005. Consumption risk and the cross- section of expected returns. Journal of Political Economy 113, no. 1: 185–222], the model falls short of providing an accurate description of the cross-section of returns under our modified empirical approach. At the same time, however, measuring consumption risk over longer horizons typically yields lower risk-aversion estimates. Thus, our results suggest that more plausible parameter estimates – as opposed to lower pricing errors – can be regarded as the main achievement of the long-horizon CCAPM.


Problem statement: The objective of this research was to study the environment change of Lampao Dam communities in Northeast Thailand, being a case study of the Sa-Adnathom community, Lamklong sub-district, Muang, Kalasin province, adjacent to the Lampao Dam. Approach: A qualitative research, it started with a review of literature and related researches. Field data were collected by way of interviews and both participant and non-participant observations, involving 15 informants including senior-villagers, who had lived in the village some 10-20 years. The research data were descriptively analyzed and presented. Results: As a result its was found that the Lampao Dam communities date back 200 years to the era of Chiangsom Kingdom. Deserted due to deadly epidemics, the area was later on repopulated by migrants from Yang Talad district, Kalasin province. A new community, called Sa-Adnathom, was born. Prior to the inception of the National Plan for Social and Economic Development in 1961, the environment of this community was complete with fertile land and natural resource abundance. People lived in harmony with nature and relied on resources from it for their livelihood, especially from Nong Waeng reservoir, Phan and Yang streams and Khoke Ngoo forest. But with the implementation of the first Plan for Social and Economic Development in 1961-1966 the Thai government started the construction of the Lampao Dam in 1963. Completed in 1968, the Dam took land from the villagers, part of which were simply flooded. This forced the village farmers to change their means of livelihood from relying on forest and rivers to production methods which by necessity involved purchase of machines and usage of chemical fertilizers. In short, a change from farming to fishing in Lampao Dam. Their values also changed from local exchanges of goods to money economy, which only led to household debts, increasing with rising degree of consumerism. Eventually people in the community realized the problems. Together they turned around, changing the direction of their development from money-oriented economy back to environment rehabilitation in the community. Starting in 1997 they adopted the King's philosophy of Sufficiency Economy. This concept of development did help to revive the environment of Sa-Adnathom community-their farm land, natural water resource and forest. They engaged in organic farming, reduced mono-crop growing and returned to reliance on natural means to meet their four basic needs in life. Conclusion: This research yielded a recommendation regarding policy guidelines for community development in Thailand. That is, the environment impact on the adjacent community of the dam should be given a careful consideration before such a project would be launched.


Congenital parvovirus B19 infection is a rare but serious condition that can result in hydrops fetalis and fetal death. Due to the virus' cytotoxic effect on fetal red blood cell precursors, postnatal infection can cause a neonatal viremia and secondary pure red cell aplasia. Here, we describe a case of congenital parvovirus infection in a preterm infant complicated by hydrops fetalis and chronic anaemia that responded to postnatal treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin administered on day of life 44. After treatment, the anaemia resolved as the neonate exhibited interval increases in haemoglobin, haematocrit and reticulocyte count with no subsequent need for red blood cell transfusions.


[Purpose] This study investigated to determine whether the Sideways Stepping Test (SST) is a useful test to detect unilateral vestibular hypofunction (UVH). [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-eight subjects including both male and females between the ages of 25 and 55 who had been diagnosed with UVH were recruited for the study. All the subjects were tested with the SST and followed by the head-shaking nystagmus (HSN) test using video electronystagmography (VENG) to confirm the presence of UVH. The results of both tests were then compared with each other to determine the correlation, sensitivity, and specificity. [Results] The results showed that the SST is strongly correlated with the gold standard HSN test using VENG and is highly sensitive and specific. [Conclusion] The present study showed that the SST is a highly valid test that can be used as an alternative method to the gold standard HSN test using VENG in detecting UVH.


In Commissioner of Patents v. President and Fellows of Harvard College, the Supreme Court of Canada held that higher life forms such as an oncomouse are not patentable in Canada. Although disagreeing on the issue of patentability, the majority and dissenting judgments were consistent to the extent that both rejected ethical arguments concerning the legitimacy of granting patents in higher life forms; both took the view that, given the ostensible ethical neutrality of the patent regime, such arguments are misplaced. Ethical concerns arise not as part of the patenting process, but during upstream research and development and downstream commercial exploitation. The objective of this analysis is to take exception to the reasoning in both the majority and dissenting judgments concerning patent neutrality. Using the examples of animal rights and animal welfare, two controversial ethical issues raised in the decision, this analysis will demonstrate that the patent system is not ethical neutral in relation to the interests of non-human animals who are made to be the objects of intellectual property rights.


Chips scraping each other during transportation, and chips coming into contact with water or air will cause oxidization resulting in poor quality products. The chips need to be well packed and to be protected from the environment. The method of Surface Mount Component (SMC) packing using plastic carrier tape can reduce chip damage. This study focuses on the extrusion process parameters optimization of plastic carrier tape. Because each extrusion process produces 270 pieces of carrier tape, the tape size is 1.35mmX2.25mmX1.35mm and is extremely difficult to reach the tolerance standard. This study utilized a practical test to explore various factors on the quality of the carrier tape, such as the rotational speed of extruder screw motor and extrusion mold; the negative pressure of extrusion mold; and the temperature of the extrusion mold. These experiments could find out an optimal extrusion process.


Introduction: Diabetes is the most common cause of peripheral nerve involvement. Evaluating the effect of antioxidants on diabetic neuropathic pain is important. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of Angipars medicine in the treatment of neuropathic hyperalgesia in single dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: The study was performed on 50 Spraque dawley rats of 250-300 grams weight. The rats were divided into four groups of control, sham, Angipars-receiving diabetic, and vehicle-receiving diabetic, with at least 8 rats in each group. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 45 mg/kg streptozotocin dissolved in a 0.05 M citrate buffer. After confirming the diabetes, the diabetic rats received (5, 10, 20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) Angipars and vehicle for 2 weeks. At the end of the eighth week, the control and treated rats were examined through the hot plate and tail flick tests. ANOVA was used to evaluate the statistical difference and P<0.05 was considered as significant. Results: At the end of the eighth week, the response time to thermal hyperalgesia decreased in the vehicle and sham groups compared with the control group. Angipars at doses of 5 and 10 mg increased the response time to thermal hyperalgesia compared to the vehicle and sham groups in hot plate test. In the tail flick test, 10mg Angipars increased the response time to pain similar to the control group. Conclusion: This study showed that, as an antioxidant, Angipars is capable of reducing neuropathic hyperalgesia in animals with diabetes.


Providing sustainable water supply and sanitation (WSS) services in developing countries remains an immense, and increasingly urgent, challenge. Chapter two sets out how the sector is currently funded and why business as usual is insufficient for meeting WSS-related goals, covering the size of the investment gap, and the challenges presented by the status quo. Chapter three proposes a financing framework toward more effective use of existing funds to enable the mobilization of new sources of finance, and explains the benefits and costs of commercial finance. Chapters four to six detail the three components of the financing framework, providing practical advice and global experiences that demonstrate how countries can begin to make progress. Chapter seven summarizes how stakeholders can bring the three components together to mobilize commercial finance, and provides the main conclusions and recommendations of the report.


ABSTRACT

Fitri Aisah 2018 Figurative Language in Jaroslav Tichy's The Clever Fox and Other Stories: A Pragmatics Analysis Thesis Wijaya Kusuama University, Language and Science Faculty English Department.

The First Advisor : Dr. Ribut Surjowati, S.Pd, M.Pd
The Second Advisor : Drs. Herry Kusmiharto, M.Pd

This research was aim at described figurative language in Jaroslav Tichy's Folktales Book. There were two objectives of this research, the first was identified the types of figurative language in the folktales in The Clever Fox and Other Stories which were fond out types of figurative language: personification, simile, metaphor, hyperbole, irony, litotes, metonymy and oxymoron. The second was fond out the affect of figurative language to the coherence or plot in the stories.
The data source of this research were folktales from The Clever Fox and Other Stories published in 1988. The data of this research were some words, phrases and sentences written in those folktales. The data were then analyzed using a qualitative method. It gave a sufficient description of the factual data of the phenomena and provided its logical and rational interpretation based on relevant theories. This research used primary instrument which mean from researcher herself becomes the designer, data collector, analyst, interpreter, and also result reporter. There are procedures also in this research are identifying first, giving a code of each data in the table sheet, classifying into each types of figurative language, and conclusion.
The research findings showed that there were eight types of figurative language that commonly appear in folktales found in this book: personification, simile, metaphor, hyperbole, irony, litotes, metonymy and oxymoron. Among those types of figurative language, personification, simile and hyperbole often appeared in this book of folktales. And especially the affect of figurative language to the coherence or plot in the story, it did not only make the story more attractive, but also to grab the reader attention as well as their emotional support and make the entire write up prominent and remarkable, develop the characterization, and advance the plot of story.

Key words: Pragmatics, Figurative Language, Folktale.


Antitrust commentators have struggled to explain why firms engage in leveraging behavior and whether leveraging damages competition. The literature has focused on whether a firm with a monopoly in one market can use leveraging to gain additional monopoly profit from a second market. This article introduces the theory of defensive leveraging. According to the theory, leverage behavior should not be analyzed solely as an attempt to reap additional monopoly profit from a second market. Rather, it may be an attempt to prevent erosion of the primary monopoly. The article analyzes the life cycle of a monopoly and explains how defensive leveraging helps a monopolist extend the life of its primary monopoly by preventing splintering and next generation substitution. The article then applies defensive leveraging theory to three market examples: Microsoft's behavior in the market for Internet browsers, competition between physician and nonphysician health care providers, and Eli Lilly's behavior in the market for cephalosporins.


The article examines the relationship between sport and politics in South Africa from a political-sociological perspective, with a specific focus on the status of black athletics in apartheid South Africa. The narrower focus aims to outline how white civil society and the National Party government utilised athletics as a mechanism to enforce the policy of separateness/apartheid in the South African society. In the process, white dominated political structures and centralised political processes were used to dominate and regulate black athletics in South Africa (1894-1976). The structures and dynamics of black athletics were, for more than a century, manipulated and dictated for political and related reasons. The manipulation took place in three broad identifiable periods, namely: 1884-1960 – the period of "informal" segregation, when the national body, provinces and clubs used race as a mechanism to enforce cleavages in society. The second period stretches from 1960-1976, when the National Party adopted a more assertive direct role to enforce their sports policy. The last period, between 1976 and 1992, signified another direction change, when government stepped back and only set the broader framework for the regulation of athletics in South Africa. In each of the periods, the politics-sport power relationship will be explained in relation to the regulation of black athletics in the country.


There is a globally acknowledged urgency for mankind to transition toward sustainability. Empowering people to make sound assessments is the basis for desirable transitions. 'Education for sustainable development' (ESD) is an interdisciplinary learning process advancing knowledge, understanding and action for sustainability. To encourage sustainability transitions ESD needs to be personal and place-specific. One platform provisioning for such learning is 'ecotourism', where participants have a heightened sense of self, others and the environment. Hence a practice incorporating ESD into ecotourism is investigated in this thesis, to determine whether the setting would be propitious for fostering sustainability transitions. The pertinent sustainability concepts are assessed, and 'social practice theory' is utilized in a case study. The approach of social practice theory was preferable, as it holds the assumption that people are able to act in relation to collective cultural activities rather than in immediate responses to internal or environmental events. The effect of ESD in ecotourism is analyzed through observations and unstructured interviews conducted in a case-study in Turkey – Narkoy, which is a hotel, organic farm and educational facility. The findings imply that through social practice, pro-environmental transitions can be encouraged and strengthened, with the provisions of having freedom for learning, social interaction, connection with nature, tangible activities and inclusive approach.


Model finders are very popular for exploring scenarios, helping users validate specifications by navigating through conforming model instances. To be practical, the semantics of such scenario exploration operations should be formally defined and, ideally, controlled by the user, so that she is able to quickly reach interesting scenarios. This paper explores the landscape of scenario exploration operations, by formalizing them with a relational model finder. Several scenario exploration operations provided by existing tools are formalized, and new ones are proposed, namely to allow the user to easily explore very similar (or different) scenarios, by attaching preferences to model elements. As a proof-of-concept, such operations were implemented in the popular Alloy Analyzer, further increasing its usefulness for (user-guided) scenario exploration.


Data mining techniques are used to explore, analyze and extract data using complex algorithms in order to discover unknown patterns in the process of knowledge discovery. Heart disease is a major life threatening disease that cause to death and it has a serious long term disability. The time taken to recover from heart disease depends on patient's severity. Heart disease diagnosis is complex task which requires much experience and knowledge. Nowadays, health care industry contain huge amount of health care data, which contain hidden information. Advanced data mining techniques along with computer generated information are used for appropriate results. Neural Network is widely used tool for predicting heart diseases diagnosis. A Heart Disease Prediction System is developed using Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm. This system calculates the number of hidden nodes for neural network which train the network with proper selection of neural network architecture and uses the global optimization of genetic algorithm for initialization of neural network. For prediction, the system uses 12 parameters such as sex, age, blood cholesterol etc. From the result, it is found that genetic neural approach predicts the heart disease upto 98%


The objective of the present study was to analyze demographic-epidemiologic features, laboratory findings and mortality rates of cases with Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF). CCHF is an acute and severe hemorrhagic fever syndrome, caused by nairovirus transmitted by ticks, presenting with fever and hemorrhages. Twenty-six cases with CCHF admitted to the Emergency Department of Yozgat Public Hospital due to tick bites between 01.04.2007 and 30.07.2007 were enrolled in the present study. Mean age of the patients was 38.9±15.9 years. The majority of the cases was farmers and admitted to hospital mainly in April 2007. The commonest symptoms were fever, fatigue, nausea and vomiting. While thrombocytopenia and leucopenia were most commonly seen as hematological findings, AST, ALT, LDH and CPK were increased in more than half of the patients. One patient died during hospitalization. Viral disease associated with hemorrhagic changes was considered in cases of admission to the emergency department with symptoms such as hemorrhage from one or more sites of the body without any trauma, fever, lassitude, fatigue, headache and with thrombocytopenia, leucopenia or increased levels of the liver enzymes.


Abstract:
 Prosopis pallida and P. juliflora (commonly referred to as algarroba, mesquite, or kiawe) were introduced from South America to areas in Oceania, Asia, and Africa during the early nineteenth century. In many cases, they naturalized and became widespread. In some places, alien Prosopis species are highly valued for the products and services that they can provide such as shade, cattle fodder, wood for fuel and fence posts, and nectar for honey production. In Australia, four Prosopis species including P. pallida, P. juliflora, P. glandulosa, P. velutina, and their hybrids are considered invasive and are subject to control efforts. After its introduction to Hawai'i in 1828, P. pallida became a dominant tree in arid areas of the main Hawaiian Islands, replacing the native lowland dry forest species that had been decimated by human activity, particularly by the introductions of goats and cattle. Prosopis pallida also has become an important economic species in Hawai'i. Prosopis juliflora, a more recent introduction to Hawai'i, is now spreading and is considered to be a noxious weed. Competition between Prosopis and native species as well as negative impacts of Prosopis on soil and local hydrology have been reported; however in some cases Prosopis species are characterized as midsuccessional species that rehabilitate degraded soils, eventually facilitating later-successional woodland. This provides a potential opportunity to use these species in reforestation efforts. Management decisions regarding these species should include a consideration of both their positive and negative ecological roles. If control or eradication is desired, a number of methods have been employed with various degrees of success.


A sequential quadratic optimization algorithm for minimizing an objective function defined by an expectation subject to nonlinear inequality and equality constraints is proposed, analyzed, and tested. The context of interest is when it is tractable to evaluate constraint function and derivative values in each iteration, but it is intractable to evaluate the objective function or its derivatives in any iteration, and instead an algorithm can only make use of stochastic objective gradient estimates. Under loose assumptions, including that the gradient estimates are unbiased, the algorithm is proved to possess convergence guarantees in expectation. The results of numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can outperform an alternative approach that relies on the ability to compute more accurate gradient estimates.


Phylogenetic relationships among all described species and four subspecies (total of 21 taxa) of the spiny lobster genus Panulirus White, 1847, were examined with nucleotide sequence data from portions of two mitochondrial genes, large-subunit ribosomal RNA (16S) and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). Multiple sequence alignments were subjected to maximum-parsimony, neighbour-joining, and maximum-likelihood analysis with Jasus edwardsii as the outgroup. Two major lineages within Panulirus were recovered by all three methods for both the 16S and COI alignments analysed separately and for the combined alignment. The first lineage included all species of Panulirus classified as Groups I and II by previous morphologically based definitions. The second included all species classified as Groups III and IV. Relationships within major lineages were not well resolved; the molecular phylogeny did not support separation of Group I from Group II or of Group III from Group IV. The degree of sequence divergence between different pairs of species was higher in pairwise comparisons between species in Group I/II (16S: 2.8–19.4%; COI: 12.4–31.8%) than in those between species in Group III/IV (16S: 5.3–13.2%; COI: 12.6–19.6%). This pattern suggests that the Group I/II lineage may represent an earlier radiation of species within Panulirus.


The activity of the alcoholic extract of the rhizomes of Alpinia galanga was studied for the treatment of diabetes-induced nephropathy in rats. Wistar rats received a single intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection (60 mg kg(-1) b.wt.) to induce diabetes. Rats were considered diabetic if blood glucose concentration increased up to 200 or more mg dL(-1). The rats were orally administered alcoholic extract of Alpinia galanga (50, 100 and 200 mg kg(-1)), once daily for 40 days. Body weight, blood glucose, urinary albumin, glycosylated haemoglobin, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, lipids profile, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione (GSH) and Catalase (CAT) were then evaluated. After 40 days of treatment, Alpinia galanga significantly (p<0.05) decreased glycaemia, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), urinar albumin and increased body weight in diabetes-nephropathic rats. The extract (200 mg kg(-1)) decreased MDA significantly (p<0.01); GSH (p<0.05), increased SOD (p<0.05) and CAT (p<0.05) in the rats, compared with nephropathic control. The extract (100 and 200 mg kg(-1), respectively) lowered (p<0.05) total cholesterolemia, blood triglycerides (p<0.05), blood LDL cholesterol (p<0.05), but increased blood HDL cholesterol (p<0.01). Overall, atherogenic index was decreased significantly (p<0.05). In the present study, the rhizomes of Alpinia galanga demonstrated significant nephro-protective activities in the tested models. The alcoholic extract of the rhizomes of Alpinia galanga holds promise for the development of a standardized phytomedicine for diabetes mellitus and kidney disease treatment.


The exact way in which membrane proteins are embedded in the lipid bilayer is not well understood. Only limited insight exists in the interactions of membrane proteins with the surrounding lipids and in the membrane-water interface in particular, where many interactions of membrane proteins with substrates, enzymes and ligands take place. Insight into the exact positioning of the transmembrane segments of such proteins with respect to this interface, as well as into their structural properties, are essential to understand the functioning of these proteins.
An accepted way to systematically study integral membrane proteins and their interactions with the surrounding lipid membrane, is to use designed model transmembrane peptides in well-defined vesicular systems. These hydrophobic peptides are about as long as a typical transmembrane segment of such a protein and form ?-helices in lipid bilayers. In Chapters 2, 3 and 4 experiments are described using such peptides in order to study specific characteristics of these peptides in a lipid environment. Extending on this, in Chapter 5 a full-length naturally occurring integral membrane protein embedded in a lipid environment is studied. The scope of this thesis is to investigate the possibilities of mass spectrometry (MS) for studying these membrane peptides and proteins in membrane systems.
In Chapter 2, it will be shown that it is possible to study the precise positioning of transmembrane peptides in lipid bilayers. Therefore, a novel method was developed to implement MS in membrane peptide and protein research, referred to as 'proteoliposome spraying' method. By combining hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange and nano-flow electrospray ionization (ESI) MS, the numbers of incorporated deuterium atoms in designed transmembrane peptides that are incorporated in lipid bilayer membranes can be analyzed. This 'proteoliposome spraying' method involves direct introduction of the vesicle suspension into the MS-inlet. Several distinct H/D exchange rates can be observed for the exchangeable hydrogens depending on their position in the transmembrane peptides. Assignments are confirmed by collision induced dissociation (CID) MS measurements, which allow analysis of exchange of individual peptide amide linkages.
In Chapter 3, this method is used to get more detailed insights into the architecture of various transmembrane peptides and into the positioning of such peptides in lipid bilayer membranes. Several variables such as (1) the influence of the length of the peptide hydrophobic core sequence, (2) the role of the flanking tryptophan residues, and (3) the influence of putative helix breakers, are investigated. The results are discussed in a biochemical and biophysical context.
Chapter 4 highlights the possible complications in H/D exchange studies that might result from gas-phase migration of deuterium atoms incorporated in the peptides (referred to as 'scrambling'). Systematic studies of this phenomenon suggest that the extent of deuterium scrambling is strongly influenced by experimental factors, such as the exact amino acid sequence of the peptide, the nature of the charge carrier and, therefore, most likely by the gas-phase structure of the peptide ion.
In Chapter 5, an integral membrane protein is explored: the potassium channel KcsA. The intention was to extend the studies presented in Chapters 2 and 3 to a larger membrane protein and to investigate the interactions of this protein with lipids. In these experiments, non-covalent complexes of phospholipid molecules and KcsA are observed. Moreover, it is possible to probe preferential binding of certain classes of lipids to the protein. The results are discussed in the context of results of biochemical assays with identical protein-membrane systems.
In Chapter 6, the results presented in this thesis are summarized and discussed in the context of the present literature.


The purpose of this study has been to investigate under what conditions, to what purposes and, above all, with what content literature was taught in Swedish upper sixth form grammar schools' mother tongue teaching during 1865-1968. The investigation has, metaphorically speaking, aimed at mapping out the course of "life" which literature has lived within the framework of this teaching. The investigation's main source of material has been some 150 essays concerning literary subjects, written by grammar school students during 1871-1964. The essays, which arc kept in archives, were part of the Swedish academic grammar school examination, the examination which was required for university entrance. The essay material has been supplemented with investigations of official terms of reference and ordinances concerning education, pedagogical debate and leading Swedish literary research. In chapter 1, a brief theoretical background and an account of current research in the area is given. Chapter 2 presents a qualitative and a qualitative investigation of the students' essays. By means of the qualitative investigation three dominating literary approaches arc revealed. The quantitative study charts the three literary approaches' occurrence in a large amount of essay materials (101 essays) obtained from five Swedish grammar schools. The essays, which were written before the turn of the century and a few years into the 20th century, are dominated by an idealistic approach, which sees the author as a prophet of "the truth" and the work of literature as a mirror of the world of Ideas (in Plato's definition). During the following 3-4 decades, an empirical-historical approach dominates. This approach sees the author and the work of literature as an expression of the historical situation which they lived in and belonged to. The work of literature is seen as a depiction of the real world. The essays which were written during the latter part of the investigated period are dominated by a psychological approach. The work of literature is interpreted in the light of the author's personality and human qualities. Also the nature of literature as a symbolic description of the world, is emphasized. Chapter 3 begins with a short review of the contents of the ordinances and terms of reference which determined the teaching of literature at Swedish grammar school level from the 1850's until the middle of the 20th century. Thereafter parallels to the essays' literary approaches, which are found in the pedagogical debate and literary research, arc described. In chapter 4 the investigations described in earlier chapters' are analysed and explained in theoretical terms. The institutional functions of literature teaching, which have been identified by means of this study, namely the selection, legitimizing and reproduction of a literary tradition, are placed in the foreground and focused upon.


ABSTRACT My purpose is to consider the role that uncertainty might play in reimagining political responsibility in Australia. There is a growing body of scholarship that is re-examining what it might mean to be settler colonial and politically responsible. It urges settlers to not only comprehend their complicity in structures of violence and oppression – colonialism, environmental degradation, racial inequality, for example – but more so, to know how they are constituted by the racial logic of settler colonialism. In a sense, it is asking progressive settlers not to turn away from the uneven distribution of suffering, trauma and vulnerability towards the ease, certainty and satisfaction of much good white politics. I want to reflect upon how fundamental certainty is to the reproduction of settler colonialism. Or more so, the refusal of uncertainty, which is a denial of being implicated and the limitations of one's knowingness. To do so, I bring critical Indigenous studies and settler colonialism into conversation with studies of emotion and affect. If the white settler emotional economy stymies anti-racism – innocence, fragility, anxiety – then emotions are a site for ethical and political action. Doubt and uncertainty don't feel good, but they tell of other political possibilities, and ways to reform responsibility.


This paper describes the use of electrolyte leakage (EL) from stem tissue as a potential method for assessing cold hardiness of hardwood seedlings. The EL method has seen little use with North American hardwoods, but has successfully predicted conifer hardiness in both controlled and operational settings and has been used experimentally on hardwoods in Europe. Three species of hardwoods—northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.), black walnut (Juglans nigra L.), and black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.)—were evaluated for hardiness at 4 temperatures (3, –10, –20, –40 ∞C [37, 14, –4, –40 ∞F]) after being subjected to 3 storage regimes (freezer, cooler, ambient) of varying duration. Higher EL values at lower temperatures and longer durations represent an increase in cell damage and loss of hardiness. For all species, an increase in EL over time (storage duration) corresponded to a decrease in the number of days required for budbreak under greenhouse conditions. EL levels did not appear to be related to height growth after 3 months. The EL trends were similar for all species and storage temperatures, while the 3 species exhibited differing responses to storage temperatures when placed in a greenhouse. The data presented here is preliminary. Further research is needed to gauge the effectiveness of EL as a predictor of seedling hardiness and quality for commonly produced hardwoods.


Populations of the supra-littoral marine copepod Tigriopus californicus are known to be highly divergent and to exhibit a pattern of hybrid breakdown when crossed under laboratory conditions. This dissertation examines the genetic mechanisms involved in hybrid breakdown in T. californicus, particularly those involving integration of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. In Chapter I, I summarize some of the relevant literature concerning the importance of hybrid breakdown to evolutionary biology, the integration of nuclear and cytoplasmic components in mitochondria, and the use of T. californicus as a model system. Chapter II reports on the results of an experiment mapping interpopulation hybrid breakdown in T. californicus to the mitochondrial genome. Using a simple backcrossing scheme, this work determines that virtually the entire effect of hybrid breakdown is explained by mitochondrial genotype in hybrids. While an extension of the work examining mitochondrial biochemical capacity yielded a similar result, the results further indicated that the cause of hybrid breakdown in T. californicus likely involved more complex incompatibilities. Chapter III demonstrates that cytonuclear hybrid incompatibilities can manifest themselves in the biochemical performance of mitochondria. Activities of the primary enzyme complexes involved in cellular energy generation were measured in hybrids, as was the overall mitochondrial energy production capacity. Mitochondrial ATP production rate was reduced in hybrids, but only those enzyme complexes requiring the interaction of nuclear and mitochondrial gene products were similarly reduced. This study suggests that failure to integrate nuclear and mitochondrial gene products in hybrids may decrease their capacity to generate cellular energy. Chapter IV examines the impact of hybridization on the nuclear and mitochondrial transcriptional regulatory networks, specifically with regard to genes involved in cellular energy generation. Mitochondrial RNA polymerase genotype is found to have a profound impact on the transcriptional pattern of T. californicus interpopulation hybrids such that particular combinations of mitochondrial RNA polymerase and mitochondrial DNA have a diminished ability to upregulate mitochondrial genes under hypoosmotic stress. The data indicate that the mitochondrial regulatory network may be maintained by compensatory mechanisms in some populations


Development of modern cosmical technology made it possible to record electromagnetic spectrum, not only for cosmical research, but also for Earth research needs. Satellite research of regional geological structure, hydro geological cycle, hydro geochemical, biogeochemical and climate processes increasingly take part in global monitoring of the whole planet. Satellite observing and certain issue noting should play an important and necessary role in plans of development and rational natural resources management process. Planning and optimal usage of space is an important factor of each country and each society, where remote detection and management have not only a very important part, but also rationality of ecological and financial aspect. The data obtained from satellite observing and recording, have become essential in geography, agriculture, forestry, waterpower engineering, oceanography, ecology and other segments of human civilization. Multidisciplinary and functional processing and satellite scanning data make a good start for planning the space in ecologically and economically rational model of developing new societies.


Light curve modulations in the sample of Kepler planet candidates allows the disentangling of the nature of the transiting object by photometrically measuring its mass. This is possible by detecting the effects of the gravitational pull of the companion (ellipsoidal modulations) and in some cases, the photometric imprints of the Doppler effect when observing in a broad band (Doppler beaming). We aim to photometrically unveil the nature of some transiting objects showing clear modulations in the phase-folded Kepler light curve. We selected a subsample among the large crop of Kepler objects of interest (KOIs) based on their chances to show detectable light curve modulations, i.e., close ($a<12~R_{\star}$) and large (in terms of radius) candidates. We modeled their phase-folded light curves with consistent equations for the three effects, namely, reflection, ellipsoidal and beaming (known as REB modulations). We provide detailed general equations for the fit of the REB modulations for the case of eccentric orbits. These equations are accurate to the photometric precisions achievable by current and forthcoming instruments and space missions. By using this mathematical apparatus, we find three close-in {very low-mass companions (two of them in the brown dwarf mass domain)} orbiting main-sequence stars (KOI-554, KOI-1074, and KOI-3728), and reject the planetary nature of the transiting objects (thus classifying them as false positives). In contrast, the detection of the REB modulations and transit/eclipse signal allows the measurement of their mass and radius that can provide important constraints for modeling their interiors since just a few cases of low-mass eclipsing binaries are known. Additionally, these new systems can help to constrain the similarities in the formation process of the more massive and close-in planets (hot Jupiters), brown dwarfs, and very low-mass companions.