Root-knot nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne are soil-borne, little mobile, polyphagous pests which threaten important sheltered crops such as vegetables or small fruits. They attack plant roots to feed and reproduce and have a major impact on crop yield. Most eco-friendly plant protection strategies are based on the use of resistant crops. The emergence of virulent nematode variants, which are adapted to the resistance, challenges the durability of such methods. Because virulent root-knot nematodes exhibit a reduced fitness on susceptible crops, combining both resistant and susceptible plants can help increase the efficacy and sustainability of resistance-based nematode control. Since nematodes have poor intrinsic dispersal ability, the association between resistant and susceptible plants should rely on crop rotation over cropping seasons, rather than on spatial arrangements. We proposed a semi-discrete model describing the population dynamics of plant roots and of nematodes within and over cropping seasons. This model, inspired by epidemiological concepts, was fitted to literature data on the within cropping season dynamics of susceptible tomato plants and avirulent nematodes; it was then extended to also account for resistant plants and virulent parasites. The model was used to compute optimal crop rotation strategies with respect to the minimization of an epidemiological criterion called AUDPC to increase crop yield over different time horizons (between 2 and 40 cropping seasons).


The use of technological solutions to address the production of goods and offering of services is ubiquitous. Health and social issues, however, have only slowly been permeated by technological solutions. Whilst several advances have been made in health in recent years, the adoption of technology to combat social problems has lagged behind. In this paper, we explore Big Data-driven Artificial Intelligence (AI) applied to social systems; i.e., social computing, the concept of artificial intelligence as an enabler of novel social solutions. Through a critical analysis of the literature, we elaborate on the social and human interaction aspects of technology that must be in place to achieve such enabling and address the limitations of the current state of the art in this regard. We review cultural, political, and other societal impacts of social computing, impact on vulnerable groups, and ethically-aligned design of social computing systems. We show that this is not merely an engineering problem, but rather the intersection of engineering with health sciences, social sciences, psychology, policy, and law. We then illustrate the concept of ethically-designed social computing with a use case of our ongoing research, where social computing is used to support safety and security in home-sharing settings, in an attempt to simultaneously combat youth homelessness and address loneliness in seniors, identifying the risks and potential rewards of such a social computing application.


Problem statement: Modified Gauss-Seidel (MGS) was developed in order to improve the convergence rate of classical iterative method in solving linear system. In solving linear system iteratively, it takes longer time when many computational points involved. It is known that by applying quarter-sweep iteration scheme, it can decrease the computational operations without altering the accuracy. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of the new Quarter-Sweep Projected Modified Gauss-Seidel (QSPMGS) iterative method in solving a Linear Complementarity Problem (LCP). Approach: The LCP we looked into is the LCP arise in American option pricing problem. Actually, American option is a Partial Differential Complementarity Problem (PDCP). By using full-, half- and quarter-sweep Crank-Nicolson finite difference schemes, the problem was reduced to Linear Complementarity Problem (LCP). Results: Several numerical experiments were carried out to test the effectiveness of QSPMGS method in terms of number of iterations, computational time and root mean square error (RMSE). Comparisons were made with full-, half- and quarter-sweep algorithm based on Projected Gauss-Seidel (PGS) and Projected Modified Gauss-Seidel (PMGS) methods. Thus, the experimental results showed that the QSPMGS iterative method has the least number of iterations and shortest computational time. The RMSE of all tested methods are in good agreement. Conclusion: QSPMGS is the most effective among the tested iterative methods in solving LCP whereby it is fastest and the accuracy remains the same.


Ultrafast time-resolved measurements were conducted to investigate long-wavelength acoustic phonon scattering and velocity reduction in Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 superlattices. We show that both these phenomena suppress heat transfer process, with the phonon scattering contributing more in differentiating the lattice thermal conductivities among films with different periods. Measurements of reduction in the acoustic phonon amplitudes support the decrease in the thermal conductivity for certain superlattice periods, which is not predicted by acoustic mismatch theory. This study is a direct measurement of coherent acoustic phonons in superlattices which is of significant interest to thermoelectrics.


Nowadays, mobile devices have implemented several transmission technologies which enable access to the Internet and increase the bit rate for data exchange. Despite modern mobile processors and high-resolution displays, mobile devices will never reach the stage of a powerful notebook or desktop system (for example, due to the fact of battery powered CPUs or just concerning the small-sized displays). Due to these limitations, the deliverable content for these devices should be adapted based on their capabilities including a variety of aspects (e.g., from terminal to network characteristics). These capabilities should be described in an interoperable way. In practice, however, there are many standards available and a common mapping model between these standards is not in place. Therefore, in this paper we describe such a mapping model and its implementation aspects. In particular, we focus on the whole delivery context (i.e., terminal capabilities, net- work characteristics, user preferences, etc.) and investigated the two most prominent state-of-the-art description schemes, namely User Agent Profi le (UAProf) and Usage Environment Description (UED).


OBJECTIVE
To study the outcome of pregnancy in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS).

METHODS
A questionnaire covering demographic data and the outcome of pregnancies was answered by 58 patients with pSS and 157 controls. For 36 patients and 93 controls, we analyzed detailed data about pregnancy, birth, and status of the newborn from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MFR) for birth order one, 2, and 3. Thirty-two of 36 patients registered in MFR were diagnosed with pSS after the last birth.

RESULTS
Pregnancy outcomes were not different in patients compared to controls. Two patients (3.4%) reported giving birth to a child with congenital heart block.

CONCLUSION
PSS had no impact on pregnancy outcome before disease onset. The most important condition associated with pSS in anti-SSA positive mothers was congenital heart block in the offspring.


The GPS (Global Positioning System) is a navigational tool available to the public, comprising in part a network of satellites in orbit broadcasting signals to GPS receivers on earth. Due in large part to the very accurate clocks in the system, a GPS receiver that receives a number of these signals simultaneously can then establish its location on earth. Some GPS receiver models have the capability to record a history of the latitude and longitude co-ordinates at known times, and these may later be downloaded and viewed on a computer using applicable software. Effectively, this provides the equivalent of a bread crumb trail of the path taken by the receiver, although the frequency of the data points can vary substantially from one model to another, and it may not be adjustable by the user. By plotting the information on a map, the trail can be viewed and the position-time history of the vehicle may become evident. The ability to obtain data from a GPS device that was present in a vehicle during a crash could therefore provide data that would interest an investigator. This paper examines the accuracy of the trail history recorded on several GPS devices of different brands and price levels, for the purpose of determining the accuracy to a known baseline trail established with an engineering-grade GPS data logging unit. Units available for approximately $100 up to one valued at over $1000 were used, with the latter unit designed for aviation use in addition to automotive use. Of particular interest was whether or not the recorded trail data could show subtle driver actions such as complete, or even partial, lane changes. For this research, the test vehicle was driven on a chosen course involving accelerating from a stop to highway speeds, steady cruising, and slowing to a stop. Various steering actions including lane changes were used. The resulting test data was compared. Subsequent testing compared the results from two units of the same brand and model. Language: en


Research and development are essential strategic activities. They are vital for technology programmes whose goal is to increase the competitiveness of companies and even of countries such as EU member states. But the critical need for strategic management of these R&D activities is largely unrecognized. Technological programmes encourage alliances and collaborations between various actors (universities, public laboratories, technology centers, etc.). They aim at the collective development of new skills and know-how. But this outcome cannot be easily assimilated to academic research, which produces new knowledge, nor to innovation, which brings new goods and services on to the market. Neither scientific peer evaluation nor market sanctions alone are therefore suitable for managing and monitoring technological programs. How is a technological programme and the networks that it sets up to be defined, managed, or ended? How are the dynamic links that a programme promotes between researchers and industrialists to be monitored? How are new goals or actors to be introduced? To answer all these questions, a continuous evaluation of the objectives, the actors, and the results is necessary. This evaluation is synonymous with constant management that is mindful of scientific and technical content and of the links that form between the actors but also of the results obtained and their congruence with the strategies of the moment. A new era is beginning, in which success will go to those who can manage the hybrid activities between science, technology, and the market. Bringing together the top specialists in the field, this book takes stock of the methods and tools that are being developed and used in Europe today to ensure a genuine strategic management of research and technology.


Jenny Diski's Skating to Antarctica, an autobiographical text published in 1997, engages with Antarctica not only as a literal place, but also as a location of the mind. Her imaginative response to what has traditionally been perceived as an inhuman landscape allows her to view the Polar regions as a mental space, signifying a complex system of images and symbols. Diski's physical voyage functions primarily as a metaphor for her attempt to locate an interior psychological terrain, the discovery of which will dispel her profound sense of self-estrangement. This article contends that Diski's use of the interconnecting metaphors of skating, ice and frozen or numbed emotions provide a rich tapestry of associations which serve to illuminate the process whereby 126 traumatic experiences can subsequently manifest themselves in depression and mental illness. In this respect, the narrative, which explores the author's passion for emotional oblivion and obsession with the colour white, represents a desire to experience her life as an accretion of meaning.


Purpose
Heavy industrial construction often relies on large mobile cranes to erect equipment and pre-assembled modules. Engineering calculations are required for the lifting analysis where lifting capacity is analyzed to ensure the feasibility of the lifting scenarios. Such engineering calculations are often presented in static formats, e.g. two-dimensional or three-dimensional models. However, it is difficult to help practitioners (e.g. lifting engineers, site crews and operators) understand the complexity of the lifting process and thus operational decisions are often made intuitively. Therefore, this paper aims to introduce a game-based simulation system to allow for interactive analysis of the lifting process to improve lifting efficiency and safety.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed method treats the mobile crane as a robot with degree-of-freedoms, and the movements are simulated in the Unity game environment. The lifting capacity is calculated dynamically based on the lifting object weight, rigging weight and lifting radius.

Findings
Compared with the four-dimensional visualization, this development has added a dimension of real-time interactive simulation; this allows the users to understand the complexity and feasibility of the lifting process.

Originality/value
The developed prototype has been tested and validated using a real case study from a heavy industrial project with the possibility of generalizing crane lifting configurations.


Based on Brinson's one-dimensional thermo-constitutive law of SMA and classical plate theory, linear non-axisymmetric vibration of uniform heated composite annular plate embedded with circumferential SMA fibers is investigated. Natural frequencies of the annular plates with immovably clamped boundary condition, depending on the temperature rise are obtained by using shooting method. The characteristic curves of first four natural frequencies of non-axisymmetric vibration versus temperature rise are plotted. Influences of the volume fraction and the initial strain of SMA on the natural frequencies of plate are analyzed. The numerical results show that, the activation of SMA can enhance the natural frequency both in the inverse martensite transformation temperature range and the thermal buckling temperature.


Cytokeratin 19 (CK19), with a molecular weight of 40 kDa, is the specific cytoskeletal structure of simple epithelia. CK19 has been used as a marker of circulating epithelial cells to diagnose cancer metastasis since it is probably one of the most suitable markers for cancer. One of the fragments of CK19, CYFRA 21-1, has been introduced as a tumor marker for primary lung cancer and proven suitable for the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. We have amplified the gene encoding for CYFRA 21-1 from the lung cancer samples by RT-PCR technology with the specific primers. The gene sequence has a length of 1001 bp and its homology with the gene sequence CYFRA 21.1 (accession number AB041270) from the GenBank data is 99.82%. This sequence has one point mutation G766C when compared with CYFRA 21-1 gene sequence from the GeneBank.


Abstract:In 1895 Mexico's National Museum inaugurated a new exhibition: a teratology (birth malformation) salon. The exhibit featured seventy-five preserved or desiccated specimens as well as photographs of others, many of which were featured in a guide to the exhibit that the museum produced. Various exceptional livestock animals dominated the collection, but the catalog also included drawings of a gigantesque man; another with curled hands and feet and crooked articulations in his shoulders, elbows, and knees; and a third with horns growing out of the side of his head. This article uses the salon's catalog along with correspondence from Museo Nacional staff, records from the National Medical School, and medical scholarship to examine the origins, motivations, and ideological orientation of the National Museum's teratology salon and its links to contemporary obstetrical practices and nationalistic concerns.


Abstract This article explores the ways in which robots' behaviours are designed and curated to elicit reactions from their human counterparts. Through the work of artists such as Nam June Paik, Steve Daniels, Edward Ihnatowicz and Norman White, a survey of robotic art illustrates a particular aesthetic and behavioural language that is non-threatening, animalistic, cute, quaint and whimsical. Considering the artists' programming of behaviours and construction of aesthetics, the use of animal behavioural modelling, and developments in social robotics, this article unpacks how meaning is inscribed onto robots and in return how affect is transmitted to human viewers. By exploring the whimsical bodies, performative machines and networked nonhumans brought forth in robotic artworks, this article draws out how aesthetic and behavioural languages of robotic art play into peoples' emotional and affective encounters with them.


Tax reform legislation through 1987 was analyzed for its impact on whether a partnership form of group practice or a professional corporation form is more advantageous from a federal tax standpoint. The effect of new tax legislation on pension plan contributions and on the deductibility of fringe benefits is delineated and discussed. Several miscellaneous changes in the law affecting group practice modes are discussed. Even though the individual income tax rates are now slightly lower than the corporate income tax rates, there is still life left in the professional corporation form of group practice if the Subchapter S election is made.


This innovative history of popular magical mentalities in nineteenth-century England explores the dynamic ways in which the magical imagination helped people to adjust to urban life. Previous studies of modern popular magical practices and supernatural beliefs have largely neglected the urban experience. Karl Bell, however, shows that the magical imagination was a key cultural resource which granted an empowering sense of plebeian agency in the nineteenth-century urban environment. Rather than portraying magical beliefs and practices as a mere enclave of anachronistic 'tradition' and the fantastical as simply an escapist refuge from the real, he reveals magic's adaptive and transformative qualities and the ways in which it helped ordinary people navigate, adapt to and resist aspects of modern urbanization. Drawing on perspectives from cultural anthropology, sociology, folklore and urban studies, this is a major contribution to our understanding of modern popular magic and the lived experience of modernization and urbanization.


Students become increasingly disconnected from their schools across the middle school years, but little is known about the factors contributing to changes in school connectedness. This study examined the time-invariant and time-varying roles of depressive symptoms and externalizing problems in trajectories of student-perceived school connectedness across the middle school years. Three yearly waves of data were collected from 296 students beginning in the sixth grade. Hierarchical linear modeling results indicated that school connectedness declined across time. Initial levels of adjustment problems at school entry were concurrently associated with lower levels of connectedness. Initial levels of externalizing problems did not account for rate of decline, but elevated levels of externalizing problems across the middle school years were associated with lower concurrent levels of connectedness. Surprisingly, initial levels of depressive symptoms predicted a slower rate of decline in connectedness for boys. Findings highlight the detrimental associations between adjustment problems and school connectedness.


We demonstrate an approach to optical DNA mapping, which enables near single-molecule characterization of whole bacteriophage genomes. Our approach uses a DNA methyltransferase enzyme to target labelling to specific sites and copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition to couple a fluorophore to the DNA. We achieve a labelling efficiency of ∼70% with an average labelling density approaching one site every 500 bp. Such labelling density bridges the gap between the output of a typical DNA sequencing experiment and the long-range information derived from traditional optical DNA mapping. We lay the foundations for a wider-scale adoption of DNA mapping by screening 11 methyltransferases for their ability to direct sequence-specific DNA transalkylation; the first step of the DNA labelling process and by optimizing reaction conditions for fluorophore coupling via a click reaction. Three of 11 enzymes transalkylate DNA with the cofactor we tested (a readily prepared s-adenosyl-l-methionine analogue).


With the development of oil industry, the high strength-toughness drill pipe suited to the task of sour environment and ultra deep wells would be considered more and more important. A new drill pipe steel, which was designed with the proper decrease of C content and increase of Cr, Ni, Mo, Nb and V alloy element, was developed and studied in this study. Large deformation hot rolling technology was used to obtain ultrafine grains microstructure. The results showed that the yield strength of this new drill pipe steel had reached 150ksi with the impact toughness more than 150J, which can perfectly meet the "leak-before-break" crack principle. The new low-alloy carbon steel drill pipe in the controlled yield strength grade 150ksi showing excellent sulfide stress cracking resistance and strength-toughness have been developed. Based on the observation of scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, several kinds of carbide particles including (Nb, Mo, V)C with nanometer scale, were distributed in tempered sorbite matrix. The objective of this work was to study the relationship between carbide precipitation and strength-toughness by optimizing element design, thermo mechanical control process and heat treatment of drill pipe steel.


BACKGROUND: The 5th edition of the Japanese food composition table enables us to evaluate intakes of folate and vitamins B6 and B12, which are associated with risk of chronic diseases. METHODS: We investigated long-term trends in dietary intake of those nutrients in two rural communities; Ikawa from1974 through 2000, and Kyowa from 1982 through 2001. The 24-hour recall method was adopted. Intake of green tea interviewed from 1994 was used to examine food sources for these nutrients in the latest period, but not to evaluate long-term trends. Reduced intakes of nutrients due to cooking were not taken into account. RESULTS: Age-adjusted mean folate intake increased by 30% in Ikawa between the 1970's and 1980's, and then leveled off to the latest survey, while that in Kyowa did not change throughout the survey periods. The increased folate intake was primarily due to green/yellow vegetables. Mean vitamin B6 intake did not change except that it increased for Ikawa women in the 1980's and decreased for Kyowa men in the latest period. No secular trend was found for mean vitamin B12 intake. The largest source for folate intake was total vegetables (38-58% of total intake) and the second largest source was alcohol/beverages including green tea (11-24%). Fish/shellfish was the largest source for vitamins B6 (16-23%) and B12 (77-84%). CONCLUSIONS: Dietary intakes of folate, vitamins B6 and B12 showed no notable long-term trend, except for an increased folate intake between the 1970's and 1980's due to an increased intake of green/yellow vegetables. J Epidemiol 2005;15:29-37.


Due to the European Union (EU) waste frame work directive (WFD), legislations have been endorsed in EU member states such as UK for the Recycling of wastes with a vision to prevent and reduce landfilling of waste. Spent oil based drilling mud (drilling fluid) is a waste from the Oil and Gas industry with great potentials for recycling after appropriate clean-up and treatment processes. This research is the novel application of nanoclays extracted from spent oil based drilling mud (drilling fluid) clean-up as nanofiller in the manufacture of nanocomposite materials. Research and initial experiments have been undertaken which investigate the suitability of Polyamide 6 (PA6) as potential polymer of interest. SEM and EDAX were used to ascertain morphological and elemental characteristics of the nanofiller. ICPOES has been used to ascertain the metal concentration of the untreated nanofiller to be treated (by oil and heavy metal extraction) before the production of nanocomposite materials. The challenges faced and future works are also discussed.


As academic I have been pondering the European competition law response to statements as 'Big Tech is a Big Problem' (Project Syndicate 2018), "the data economy demands a new approach to antitrust rules" (Economist 2018) and "Is it time to break up Google?" (NYT (2017)). Supporting the tenets of these statements – that competition law should do something about Big Tech, even though it is not always clear what exactly – might imply a move away from the basis of the Commission's current competition law enforcement. Instead of focusing on the question whether the current instruments of and enforcement practice of European competition law is fit-for-21st-century-purposes, in this very brief paper I would like to focus on a more fundamental question: what is it, that makes 'Big Tech' so worrisome? Is the power of Big Tech a qualitatively new phenomenon, and if so, is it so fundamentally different from 'old' Bigness, that an overhaul of the foundations of competition law should be seriously considered?

My hypothesis is, indeed, that Big Tech is not a mere incarnation of 'old' 'Bigness'. Instead, it is something new, captured by the notion of 'Modern Bigness', which I will introduce below. It is only by conceptualizing Big Tech as Modern Bigness that the subsequent question how European competition law should respond can be properly addressed.

On the one hand, I would like to stress that this is not a fully formed academic paper. It will only outline the contours of a new theory, which might be relevant to answer the Commission's question on how competition policy should be shaped in the era of digitalization. On the other hand, my follow-up aim is to contribute to the academic literature relating to the interplay between competition law and the digital economy. This literature has focused on specific challenges of the digital economy and on whether the instruments of competition law are fit-for-purpose. It also relates to the ongoing debate on what competition law is for, but this is not always combined with providing a deep understanding of this new phenomenon. In this short contribution, I would like to provide the contours of a novel theory: a theory of Modern Bigness, and indicate why a further deepening of the theory might be a relevant endeavor.


We present a sensor platform associated to silicon-nanowire chemical field effect transistors (Si-nw-ChemFET). Innovations concern the use of networks of suspended silicon N+/P/N+ nanowires as conducting channel, the realization by thermal oxidation and Atomic-Layer Deposition (ALD) of a SiO2/Al2O3 gate insulator all-around the silicon nanowires, and their final integration into covered SU8-based microfluidic channels. The Si-nw-MOSFET/ChemFET fabrication process and electrical/electrochemical characterizations are presented. The fabrication process did not need an expensive and time-consuming e-beam lithography, but only fast and "low cost" standard photolithography protocols. Such microdevice will provide new opportunities for biochemical analysis at the micro/nanoscale.


Personal protective equipment (PPE) such as respirators will form the first line of defense in the event of a public health emergency including an airborne pandemic or a bioterror attack. The two major pathways by which viruscarrying aerosols can reach the human lungs through these PPEs are: a) the intrinsic penetration through porous layers of the PPE and b) the leakage through gaps between the PPE and a person's face [1, 2]. The contribution from the second pathway can be significantly reduced using fit-testing i.e. by choosing the appropriately sized respirator for a specific face. Unfortunately, in case of an emergency, it would not be possible to fit-test the entire US population. In this scenario, excessive leakage can occur through the gaps. [1]. Hence, it is critical to identify the potential anatomical leak sites (gaps) and quantify the amount of aerosol leakage through surgical respirators for the average US population. At the behest of Office of Counterterrorism and Emerging Threats, the Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), has been developing a comprehensive risk assessment model for determining the risk to different populations in case of an "off-label" use of such PPEs, i.e. for public emergency scenarios for which these FDA cleared respirators were not intended to be used. In order to develop the risk assessment model, establishing a correlation between the respirator gaps and aerosol leakage between the face and the respirator is critical. A previous study [3] identified the gaps of N95 surgical respirators for a large population and quantified the aerosol leak using computational fluid dynamics. However, the gap surface area, which is a key parameter required for establishing the gapaerosol leak correlation, has not been quantified before. In this study, gaps were identified and the gap surface areas were quantified for multiple head-respirator combinations under realistic conditions using imaging coupled with computer-aided design and modeling.


Mercury is a harmful heavy metal that bioaccumulates in human body and cause disturbance in human systems. The process biomagnifications that occur in the food chain brings mercury closer to human body since human are at the top levels of the aquatic food web fish-eating species besides seabirds, seals and otters. Exposure to mercury can be particularly hazardous especially for pregnant women and small children. The objective of this project is to determine whether the amount of mercury content in the canned fish is safe for the consumption by human. In this study, mercury was determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optic Emission Spectrometer. The samples were prepared using the wet digestion method and mercury standard was prepared in three concentrations of 0.5 mg/L to 1.5 mg/L. The mercury detected in the canned fish was compared to the FDA mercury limit of 0.17 mg/L. Mercury content from the analysis was from 0.006 to 0.364 mg/L. By referring to the highest amount of mercury determined, it can be said that the canned fishes from the A brand is not safe for consumption. Therefore, the A brand canned fish is not safe for the consumption of the pregnant women and children especially.


A flow system was developed which enables studies of hydrodynamics and mass transfer in freely sinking aggregates. The aggregates stabilized their positions in the water phase at an upward flow velocity which balanced and opposed the sinking velocity of the individual aggregate. The flow field was shown to be larninar at flow velocities ranging from 40 to 200 m d-', which cover typical sinking velocities of aggregates in the ocean. A viscous boundary layer with steep gradients of flow velocity was measured around sinking aggregates by flow visualization techniques. Velocity gradients in the viscous boundary layer along the sides of the aggregate parallel to the flow could by explained by creeping flow, while a non-turbulent wake was present at the rear (downstream) of the aggregate. The oxygen distribution inside a ca 3.5 mm large diatom aggregate and in the surrounding water was mapped in 2 dimensions from 360 nucroelectrode measurements. The data showed the existence of a diffusive boundary layer surrounding the aggregate, which indicates that the radial transport of solutes occurred by molecular diffusion. The diffusive boundary layer thickness was 0.38 mm upstream, 0.85 mm along the sides, and 1.0 mm downstream The oxygen microenvironment of aggregates changed dramatically when they were sitting on a solid surface compared with when they were sinking.


Given that both the costs and the benefits of biodiversity-enhancing land-use measures are subject to spatial variation, considerations of allocational efficiency call for spatially differentiated compensation payments for such measures. However, when deciding whether to implement uniform or spatially differentiated compensation payments, the regulator has to balance the allocational efficiency losses of uniform payments with the disadvantages of spatially differentiated payments. To help resolve this issue, this paper provides a conceptual framework that allows the extent of allocational efficiency losses associated with uniform payments for biodiversity-enhancing land-use measures to be assessed. A simple ecologicaleconomic model is presented which calculates the efficiency losses associated with uniform payments for different types of benefit and cost functions.


A theoretical analysis of the method proposed by the AIEE committee on electrical machinery for measuring the negative-sequence reactance of synchronous machines is presented in this paper. The analysis proves that the method leads to a correct measurement of the negative-sequence reactance for the operating condition most frequently met in applying the method of symmetrical components, but that the method of measurement does not determine the correct negative-sequence reactance of the machine for the operating conditions used in the proposed AIEE test. The results of experimental tests are given to verify the theory presented.


Molecular associations between sphingomyelin and cholesterol provide a molecular basis for the colocalization of these lipids in plasma membrane microdomains (lipid rafts) and for the inhibitory effect of sphingomyelin on the intestinal absorption of cholesterol. Using surface pressure measurements at the air-water interface, we showed that sphingosine, the common sphingoid backbone of most sphingolipids, formed condensed lipid complexes with cholesterol. Structure-activity relationship studies with long-chain analogs of sphingosine, together with molecular mechanics simulations, were consistent with a specific interaction between sphingosine and the alpha face of cholesterol. The uptake of micellar cholesterol and the effect of sphingosine on cholesterol absorption were studied with two human model intestinal epithelial cell lines, Caco-2 and HT-29-D4. Real-time PCR quantifications of the putative cholesterol transporter Niemann-Pick C1 like 1 (NPC1L1) mRNA revealed that, in these cell lines, the activity of cholesterol transport correlated with the level of NPC1L1 expression. In both cell lines, sphingosine induced a dose-dependent decrease of cholesterol absorption. Yet the effect of sphingosine was more dramatic in Caco-2 cells, which also displayed the highest expression of NPC1L1 mRNA. Altogether, these data suggested that sphingosine interacts specifically with cholesterol and inhibits the intestinal NPC1L1-dependent transport of micellar cholesterol.


Although theoretical models and experiments on animals exist that predict the distribution of asbestos fibres in the lung, there are few studies in man that relate to this question and they have generated contradictory results. To examine this distribution analytical electron microscopy was employed to determine the amosite fibre concentration, size, surface area, and mass in 29 circumferential sites around the periphery of a mid-sagittal slice from nine morphologically normal left lungs of heavily exposed shipyard workers and insulators. Fibre concentrations were heaviest in the apical segment of the upper lobe, and low concentrations were seen in the posterior basal portion of the lower lobe. Overall, the upper lung zones had significantly greater concentrations than the lower lung zones. Fibre length was shortest in the anterior portion of the upper lobe, greater in the lingula, and greatest in the posterior basal portion of the lower lobe; fibre length overall was significantly greater in the lower compared with the upper zones. Aspect ratio followed a similar pattern. Distinct geographic runs of high or low concentrations and long or short lengths and aspect ratios were present. No consistent distribution patterns for fibre width, surface area, or mass were found. It is concluded that: (1) in the periphery of the normal lung, concentration of amosite fibres is greatest in the apex and least in the peripheral lower lobe. This distribution is the opposite of what would be expected from the known distribution of asbestosis (peripheral lower zone); nor does it correlate with bronchial pathlength or branch number, contrary to predictions from studies on animals and theoretical models; (2) fibre length and related parameters show a distribution opposite to that of fibre concentration and again do not correlate with theoretical predictions.


AVirtual Private Network (VPN) provides corporate networking between geographically dispersed company sites. VPN sites consist of Local Area Networks (LANs) interconnected over a public network infrastructure, through virtual links. The goal of this work is to develop a control model able to manage traffic on these links. By maximizing bandwidth utilization on each link, an optimum balance for the allocation of bandwidth on the entire VPN can be found. The proposed model is called hierarchical bandwidth manager and is implemented in each LAN of the VPN. It is also able to cope with best-effort and guaranteed flows so that bandwidth left unused by guaranteed flows is dynamically distributed among best-effort ones. In each LAN, a tree representation is used to share the capacity of each virtual link between multiple flows in a hierarchical and distributedmanner. Each node in the tree respects an inter-node bandwidth share protocol and/or is regulated through an intra-host regulationmechanism. This latter is implemented through a new technique which we call the fair shaper. An implementation of this technique in a Solaris 2.5 operating system and results of the implementation of the inter-node bandwidth share protocol in the ns network simulator are also described in this paper.


[1] The mechanisms involved in the seasonal exchange between the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean are studied using an Oceanic General Circulation Model (OGCM), namely the Miami Isopycnic Coordinate Ocean Model (MICOM). The model reproduces the basic characteristics of the seasonal circulation observed in the area of the strait of Bab el Mandeb. There is good agreement between model results and available observations on the strength of the exchange and the characteristics of the water masses involved, as well as the seasonal flow pattern. During winter, this flow consists of a typical inverse estuarine circulation, while during summer, the surface flow reverses, there is an intermediate inflow of relatively cold and fresh water, and the hypersaline outflow at the bottom of the strait is significantly reduced. Additional experiments with different atmospheric forcing (seasonal winds, seasonal thermohaline air–sea fluxes, or combinations) were performed in order to assess the role of the atmospheric forcing fields in the exchange flow at Bab el Mandeb. The results of both the wind- and thermohaline-driven experiments exhibit a strong seasonality at the area of the strait, which is in phase with the observations. However, it is the combination of both the seasonal pattern of the wind stress and the seasonal thermohaline forcing that can reproduce the observed seasonal variability at the strait. The importance of the seasonal cycle of the thermohaline forcing on the exchange flow pattern is also emphasized by these results. In the experiment where the thermohaline forcing is represented by its annual mean, the strength of the exchange is reduced almost by half.


A multiyear international data collection, data review, modeling, and implementation project was recently completed, producing stress corrosion crack growth rate (CGR) models and reference curves for irradiated austenitic stainless steels in light water reactor (LWR) environments. The curves have been approved as ASME B&PV Section XI Code Case N-889, and this paper is the technical basis Part 1 for Case N-889, summarizing collection, review, and selection of calibration data, modeling, and analysis of fit. Over 800 CGR data points were collected from six laboratories worldwide, an international expert panel reviewed and ranked the data, and the better-ranked data were used to calibrate empirical models for irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) CGR in boiling water reactor (BWR) normal water chemistry (NWC), BWR hydrogen water chemistry (HWC), and pressurized water reactor (PWR) primary water environments. This Part 1 paper also discusses related literature and compares with other data not used for mean model calibration. A technical basis Part 2 paper describes shifting the mean models to the 75th percentile, simplifying to produce Case N-889 reference curves, and comparing with previous reference curves and over 500 data points not used for reference curve development, including weld, cast, and heat affected zone (HAZ) materials, additional wrought laboratory data, and field data from repeated inspection of BWR core shrouds. Part 2 also describes the irradiated yield stress model in Case N-889, compares that model with its calibration data and other data not used for calibration, and presents example calculations.


Electromagnetic interference (EMI) or radio frequency interference (RFI) is a type of electric or electronic emission that can degrade the performance of electronic circuit.The effects of electromagnetic interference (EMI) is particularly troublesome for printed circuit board (PCB) designed for high frequency RF circuits. The components on a PCB may be digital and analog. Transmission lines connecting the two different sections are used to transmit signals back and forth. Unfortunately, as frequency increases and signals are enhanced, noise related to those frequencies is also enhanced, thus creating EMI and RFI. In terms of propagating path, it classifies into conducted EMI and radiated EMI. The conducted EMI results from that the radiated signal stick on the power line and hard to detect and recognize. Therefore, it is necessary to build the causes and effects methodology by way of the correct measurement to maintain the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), to target the electromagnetic interference, and to detect radio frequency interference.Electronic systems are expected to operate normally within a given environment without internally or externally radiating excessive amounts of electromagnetic energy. In this state, they are called electromagnetically compatible (EMC). This paper presents a methodology to minimize radiated EMI by proper designing of PCB and conducted EMI by


Several authors have argued that homeowners associations (HOAs) constitute an ideal institution for implementing Buchanan and Tullock's Calculus of Consent. HOAs provide collective goods and mitigate collective action problems. Developers offer constitutions ready-made, economizing on the decision-making costs which render unanimity infeasible. Competition will constrain real-estate developers to offer exactly those constitutions which consumers themselves would have crafted. However, critics of HOAs have voiced a variety of criticisms. For example, they allege that HOAs often suffer from a high degree of conflict and consumer dissatisfaction. I argue that government regulation – especially FHA mortgage underwriting – has homogenized HOAs, reducing the scope for competition and product differentiation. Developers often adopt legal boilerplate, lifting their HOA contracts from government handbooks. This reduced competition undercuts the economic justification of HOAs. To some degree, the flaws and shortcomings of HOAs may owe themselves to regulatory-induced homogeneity.


Background: More individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) are living into their adulthood due to significant advances in medical care. The adult CF clinic at Indiana University cares for one of the largest adult populations with CF. Liver disease is common in children and adults with CF. However, the characteristics and consequences of CF liver disease (CFLD) in adults are not well understood. In this ongoing, IRB approved study, we systematically characterized the liver manifestations and their health related quality of life in adults with well characterized CF.
Methods: Individual patient demographics and clinical data were collected for study participants. Participants completed two quality of life study questionnaires: Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ) and Revised Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire (CFQ-R). 10mL of blood was collected for future research. Finally, participants underwent a bedside transient elastography via FibroScan®.
Results: There were 50 patients, with a mean age of 30.9 years, enrolled in the study. Pancreatic insufficiency was the most common co-morbidity, as it affected 90% of patients. The mean AST was 23.55 units/L, mean ALT was 25.20 units/L, and mean alkaline phosphatase level was 117.73 units/L. From the FibroScan®, the median liver stiffness measurement (LSM) was 4.65 kPa and the mean controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) was 219.52 dB/M. The mean CLDQ score was 5.343.
Conclusion: This ongoing study reveals that increased alkaline phosphatase and CAP scores are associated with a poor QOL. More data is needed to further understand the pathophysiology behind CFLD. Use of noninvasive imaging, noninvasive markers, and the CLDQ may aid in early identification of adult CFLD.


Forced spirometry is pivotal for diagnosis and management of respiratory diseases, but its use in primary care is suboptimal. The aim of the present study was to assess a web-based application aiming at fostering high-quality spirometry in primary care. This was a randomised controlled trial with 12 intervention primary care units (PCi) and six control units (PCc) studied over 12 months. All 34 naı̈ve nurses (PCi and PCc) received identical training. The PCi units had access to educational material and remote expert support. Quality of spirometry and usability of the web application were assessed. We included 4,581 patients (3,383 PCi and 1,198 PCc). At baseline, quality was similar (PCi 71% and PCc 67% high-quality tests). During the study, PCi showed higher percentage (71.5%) of highquality tests than PCc (59.5%) (p,0.0001). PCi had 73% more chance of high-quality performance than PCc. The web application was better for assessing quality of testing than the automatic feedback provided by the spirometer. Healthcare professionals' satisfaction and usability were high. The web-based remote support for primary care by specialists generated a sustained positive impact on quality of testing. The study expands the potential of primary care for diagnosis and management of patients with pulmonary diseases.


Purpose: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive malignancy, which has a poor prognosis with a median survival of less than 1 year. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been reported to be an ideal therapeutic target, and a multitargeted antifolate, pemetrexed, has been clinically used for the treatment of MPM. Experimental Design: We examined the therapeutic efficacy of the antihuman VEGF neutralizing antibody, bevacizumab, in combination with pemetrexed against two different human MPM cells, EHMES-10 and MSTO-211H, orthotopically inoculated into severe combined immunodeficient mice. Results: Bevacizumab inhibited a VEGF-induced proliferation of the human endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner, but it had no effect on the proliferation of the two MPM cell lines in vitro. The orthotopically inoculated EHMES-10 cells (VEGF high expressing) produced thoracic tumors and a large volume of bloody pleural effusion, whereas the MSTO-211H cells (VEGF low expressing) produced thoracic tumors and a small volume of bloody effusions. Treatment with bevacizumab effectively inhibited the production of thoracic tumors and dramatically prevented the production of pleural effusion by the EHMES-10 cells but not the MSTO-211H cells. Treatment with bevacizumab reduced the number of enlarged tumor-associated vessels and proliferating tumor cells. Moreover, treatment with bevacizumab in combination with pemetrexed more effectively suppressed the formation of the pleural effusion and prolonged the survival compared with the control and monotherapy in the EHMES-10 cell–bearing severe combined immunodeficient mice. Conclusions: These results suggest that the combined use of bevacizumab and pemetrexed may therefore be promising for controlling the progression of MPM highly expressing VEGF.


Local community participation has been acknowledged by many researchers as key factors
towards achieving sustainable development in protected areas. However, recreation and tourism planning especially
in protected areas; often exist in seclusion from the elements that constitute social, environmental and
economic aspects of the area. Thus, conflicts may arise between park management and the community such as
conflict between different user groups and competing usage of the same scarce resource which eventually lead
to much serious problems such as environmental degradation. Community participation in decision making is
one approach to establish a sense of belonging that is important for general well-being and support sustainable
development. This could bring positive outcome and active participation would enable park management and
the authorities to develop new attractions in the park and offer more sustainable forms of recreation and tourism
which suit the people. However, the ability to maintain a healthy environment and economy and to pursue
a participatory democracy requires effective management of public involvement. In addition, it also requires
understanding not only the conditions that may have the potential to create conflicts but most importantly is to
comprehend what are the conditions that can promote a cooperative relationship among the local people and the
park management and authorities. This paper outlines the human dimensions of local peoples' participation and
also discusses on the approaches towards promoting effective involvement of local community in the decision
making process in planning for tourism and recreation in protected areas.


This study aims to examine student teachers' self-efficacy for implementing the constructivist approach in terms of gender, department and grade variables. To achieve this purpose, the study was conducted using 160 student teachers studying in the third and fourth grades in the Departments of Classroom Teacher Education and Science Teacher Education in Celal Bayar University. As a result of assessing the data obtained from the implementations, a significant relationship between the levels of self-efficacy of female and male student teachers regarding lesson planning was found to be in favor of the female student teachers. In the examinations performed considering the department variable, it was observed that the scores of classroom student teachers are much higher than those of science student teachers for the aspects of self-efficacy belief for the assessment-evaluation process and for developing a learning environment. Additionally, as a result of the assessment made considering the grade variable, no significant relationship was found between the selfefficacy beliefs of student teachers studying at third and fourth grades based on subscales and total scores.


In 1975 two techniques were published that combined the method of moments (MM) and the geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD). One technique extended the moment method through the use of the GTD while the second used the moment method to solve for unknown diffraction coefficients, thereby extending the use of the GTD. It is the latter method that is considered in this paper and is referred to as the GTD-MM technique. One problem area that existed with the original GTD-MM work was associated with a field incident along or nearly along one wall of a wedge structure. An improved series representation for the diffracted current that is sufficient at all incidence angles is shown. The improved formulation is then applied to the problem of bistatic scattering by a three-sided pyramid. Radar cross section (RCS) results that compare very well with experimental measurements are obtained. This is believed to be the first use of the GTD-MM technique in treating a three-dimensional geometry.


Brush border membrane was prepared from the small intestinal (jejunum) cells along the crypt-villus axis. The fluorescence spectra of 1,8-anilinonaphthalene sulfonic acid and the steady-state fluorescence anisotropy of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene were measured in the brush border membrane vesicle suspension. The hydrophobicity of brush border membrane was found to be in the order villus tip >mid villus >lower villus. The fluidity of brush border membrane was in the order villus tip <mid villus <lower villus. The uptake of barbituric acid derivatives by brush border membrane vesicles was well correlated with their partition coefficients (isopentyl acetate/water). No significant difference was observed between the uptake of hexobarbital by brush border membrane vesicles from the villus tip and lower villus. When retinyl palmitate was administered to rats, the fluidity of brush border membrane was found to be higher in the retinyl palmitate-treated rats than in the control rats. However, no significant difference in the uptake of hexobarbital by brush border membrane vesicles was observed between the retinyl palmitate-administered rats and the control rats. Thus, the retinyl palmitate treatment seems unlikely to affect the passively transported ligands like barbituric acid derivatives in brush border membrane vesicles.


ABTRACT

Background: Sexual offences differ from society to society. In Nigeria, the major sexual offences defined by law are rape, defilement and unnatural offences, however these are often underreported. This study aims to document the pattern of sexual assaults in Benin City, a historical town in Midwestern Nigeria with a unique population of people from the three major ethnic groups in the country.
Methods: Over a one year period, all cases of sexual assault referred to the Police Medical Centre, Benin City were fully examined, investigated and treated. Relevant data were then extracted and analyzed and the result compared with a previous study and others.
Results: In the period under study, a total of 85 cases of sexual assault were reported out of a total of 1028 assault cases. More than half of the victims (56.6%) were children. In over 88% of cases of sexual assault the assailants were known to the victims and only 7.2% of victims went to court. In 14.1%, weapons were used to threaten the victims. Forty percent of the cases in which the time of occurrence was known occurred between 8p.m and 12 midnight. Reporting of such cases is late in over 47% of cases.
Conclusions: The pattern of sexual assault in Nigeria has remained virtually unchanged. We recommend sex education in secondary schools with instructions on precautions against sexual assault as well as strengthening our judicial services to handle such cases effectively.


In the second half of the twentieth century consensus became the language through which scientists and other experts spoke truth to power and provided expert advice for policy making. Historical scholarship on science policy has acknowledged this trend but has not explained how consensus came to play such a large role in the relationship between experts and policy makers. This paper examines two historical case studies from the mid-twentieth century in which consensus was introduced—the failed consensus report experiments of the American Economic Association and the successful establishment of the National Research Council's consensus studies. These examples demonstrate that consensus was not a natural or obvious choice. Rather, the choice was driven by the growth and definition of the postwar scientific community and its negotiated relationship to the Cold War national security state. In this context, consensus became associated with depersonalized and objective knowledge. As it reinforces the notion of a divide between science and politics, consensus has remained an instrumental part of the relationship between the NRC and its patrons.


Biochemical and cell biological aspects of synthesis, activation and action of mammalian collagenases are presented and discussed with respect to collagen resorption under normal and pathological conditions. Particularly emphasized are the regulatory mechanisms involved which operate at the level of synthesis of the proenzyme, during activation of the latent enzyme, and by the presence of inhibitors of the active collagenase as well as by substrate specificity for the various collagen types.


The most typical example of hard and brittle material is advanced ceramics, for its ultra-precision machining difficulty and wide applications, now it becomes a focus of attention. Semi-fixed abrasive plate (SFAP) is newly developed for preventing larger particles from doing workpiece surface damage in machining advanced ceramics, for larger particles from grain size dispersion or from outside of processing area could bring uneven load distribution on processing region of advanced ceramics. In this paper, Shearing strength, surface hardness and Young's modulus as characteristics of SFAP are investigated. They were influenced by Grain size and abrasive weight ratio are analyzed and discussed, as well as the qualitative estimation of these influences on the characteristics of SFAP are deduced.


Objective: The purpose of this study was to prospectively test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the clinical effectiveness of azithromycin and erythromycin for the treatment of chlamydia cervicitis in pregnancy. Methods: All antepartum obstetrical patients underwent routine screening for chlamydia cervicitis using a DNA probe assay (Gen-Probe Pace, San Diego, CA). Women who tested positive for chlamydia cervicitis were prospectively randomized to receive either azithromycin 1 g orally at enrollment, or erythromycin 500 mg orally 4 times a day for 7 days. Sexual partners were referred to the county health department for evaluation and treatment. A test of cure was repeated in 2 weeks. Results were analyzed by chi-square analysis and Fisher's exact test when indicated. Results: One hundred forty women tested positive for chlamydia cervicitis and agreed to randomization. There were 4 (6.2%) treatment failures in the azithromycin group and 18 (27.7%) in the erythromycin group (P = 0.005). Gastrointestinal side effects were reported by 42 (65.5%) of the women taking erythromycin, but only 12 (19.4%) of those taking azithromycin (P < 0.002). Gastrointestinal side effects and resultant noncompliance were significantly related to treatment failure with erythromycin. Conclusions: The findings of this study support the conclusion that a single dose of azithromycin is a significantly more effective and better tolerated treatment regimen for chlamydia cervicitis in pregnancy than erythromycin which is currently recommended.


In order to investigate the alternating current electroluminescent properties of zinc sulfide powders the following experiments were conducted: synthesis of zinc sulfide phosphors (comprised of zinc, sulfur and copper dopant); thermal shocking of phosphor materials (sudden cooling, using liquid nitrogen, of phosphor particles heated up to 500oC) and analysis of their alternating current electroluminescent properties as well as studies of particle crystal structures by synchrotron and conventional X-ray powder diffraction techniques. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was utilized to investigate the concentration of co-activator atoms within the zinc sulphide crystal lattice. Electroluminescent panels were prepared and the emission properties were evaluated theoretically in order to obtain a mathematical relationship between various parameters involved in the electroluminescent process.

Thermal quenching of zinc sulfide phosphor alters its photoluminescent and electroluminescent properties. The dominant wavelength of the material alters from 504 nm to 517 nm. It appears that the blue centres are vulnerable to the thermal quenching procedure carried out as the blue emission deteriorates and the overall blue emission of the material is reduced due to the role that the interstitial Cu+ species play in this mechanism. The interstitial Cu+ is not as stable in its location within the lattice compared to substitutional Cu+ and hence a thermal shock is prone to effect its location or association with the surrounding atoms. The green emission centre, however, appears to be unaffected. Results obtained from layer by layer analysis of the material demonstrate that the surface of the phosphor particles contain most of the copper content (copper to zinc molar ratio of 0.08% in the surface compared to 0.06% at inner levels distributed within the lattice). The location of the outer copper layer may play a key role in the alternating current electroluminescence (ACEL) process; further experiments need to be conducted in order to prove the foregoing hypothesis. Irrespective of the amount of copper impurity (dopnat) initially added to the zinc sulphide precursor, prior to synthesis of the phosphor, during the high temperature firing of the material (above 700˚C) a considerable amount of the copper will be ejected from the lattice and be washed off in the latter steps of the synthesis process (where the newly synthesized phosphor is washed in concentrated ammonia solution); an initial copper content of 1.2% molar ratio is reduced to 0.154%; however, the duration of the high temperature firing is a key factor in the final amount of copper present within the lattice.

XRPD experiments of a working ACEL device (i.e., when the AC field is applied across the electroluminescent phosphor) show that the diffraction lines all shift, but remain within the region where broad diffraction intensity is observed for a powder sample (i.e. random orientation). Indeed the sharp diffraction lines are observed to span across each broad diffraction area associated with the sphalerite phase. The panel exhibits a different diffraction pattern when the device is powered in an AC field compared to when it is not exposed to the field. This clearly indicates that the particles possess piezoelectric properties and the electric field causes strain on the crystal lattice.

When considering the major drawbacks of ACEL technology, i.e. it's short life time and degradation characteristics, defining a mathematical model of its emission degradation is a step towards understanding part of the mechanism of the ACEL process. Due to the various number of parameters involved in the phenomenon of electroluminescence (such as particle size, copper content and random distribution of crystal planes) and the fact that emissions arise from certain centres randomly distributed over each phosphor particle, mathematical models are only accurate when they are formulated in relation to the analysis of a particular batch of phosphor sample and used to prepare a particular panel. Hence, no overall mathematical formulation can be produced to measure the emission properties of various ACEL panels produced by different batches of zinc sulfide phosphors.

The findings of this research indicate that sample preparation technique which involves addition of raw zinc sulfide to an already copper doped zinc sulfide causes an increase in the occurrence of nano p-n junctions species within the lattice where the cupper locations form the p-type and the n type is formed from the release of some sulfur atoms from zinc sulfide structure during the high temperature firing relative to the conventional phosphor preparation methods. Larger particles have a higher probability of contacting interstitial copper sites during firing and preparation as copper atoms tend to migrate out of the zinc sulfide lattice toward the surface. Hence larger particles (commercial phosphors) demonstrate better emission properties. Thermal quenching affects the interstitial copper sites more than the other luminescent centres formed of substitutional copper sites. Hence the lowered blue emission occurs. Due to the probability of high dispersion of Cu atoms within the ZnS lattice a useful mathematical model cannot easily be developed for an EL panel. EXAFS analysis cannot be fully relied up on in respect of the interstitial copper environment in these phosphors considering that a small fraction of the copper impurity in the phosphor exists at interstitial sites. However, the results from experiments using XANES confirm a change in the electronic configuration of Zn atoms when samples are quenched.


Presentation was
given as part of the "Innovations in research management in New Zealand -
10 min presentations from each other the Universities" session at URONZ
2019, 5th-6th September, at the University of Auckland.


"Irons in the Fire" chronicles the agricultural, industrial, and commercial activities of four generations of the Tayloe family of Northern Virginia, revealing a greater complexity in the southern business culture of early America than scholars have generally recognized. Through the story of one representative family, Laura Croghan Kamoie illustrates how entrepreneurship and a broadly skilled slave-labor force combined to create economic diversification well before the American Revolution. Contrary to general historical perceptions, southern elite planters were, at least until the 1790s, very like their northern counterparts. The Tayloes were planters and businessmen who, crucially, saw no distinction or conflict between these two roles. In this they were not unique: diversification, combined with an entrepreneurial inclination among the elite of the planter class, formed the basis of the Chesapeake's regional economy and contributed to its development. This diversity was reflected in the slave community. Demonstrating a versatility exceeding later generations of slaves, and occupying a central position in the daily operations of the South's business culture, the Chesapeake slaves made the planters' relatively sophisticated enterprises not only profitable but possible. Spanning more than a century of early American history, the story begins in 1700, when John Tayloe I managed the family's concerns, and concludes with his six great-grandsons, who lived into the Civil War era. Through the generations, the Tayloes demonstrated the same essential qualities - enterprise, risk-taking, business savvy, innovation, ambition, and pursuit of profit - as their northern counterparts. As the eighteenth century ended, however, cotton plantation agriculture - and, in Virginia, the internal slave trade in support of it - increasingly began to take over, working against economic diversification. "Irons in the Fire" provides an exceptional view of early American business, each generation of Tayloes approaching the family's welfare within the social, political, economic, and cultural contexts of their day. This business-family saga also contributes a pivotal perspective to contemporary debates about the economic modernity of the South.


Authors can treat technology in a number of roles as it facilitates virtual team-work. The most obvious is to investigate and overcome problems related to the distance between participants. This is tacitly to acknowledge faceto-face as the optimum medium for learning and teaching. Hashimoto and Lehu (Chapter 10) describe a video conference intervention with the rooms arranged to create the impression that the separated participants were just at either end of the same space. With sufficient use, the students seemed to see it this way. Future-gazing along this aspiration, technology may soon deliver (as teleporter Dr Mowry says) easier ways to "... forget the fact that you're in different rooms." What gets lost in the struggle to reach that level of co-presence, in British Journal of Educational Technology Vol 40 No 4 2009 771–784


All business web crawlers give back similar results for a similar inquiry, paying little respect to the client's genuine intrigue. Since inquiries submitted to web indexes have a tendency to be short and uncertain, they are not liable to have the capacity to express the client's exact needs. They make discovering data on the web fast and simple. A noteworthy inadequacy of non-specific web indexes is that they take after the "one size fits all" model and are not versatile to individual clients. Distinctive clients have diverse foundations and interests. In any case, successful personalization can't be accomplished without precise client profiles. Various grouping calculations have been utilized to arrange client related data to make precise client profiles. In this paper, it presents develops client conduct profile naturally as a methods for the execution internet searcher that is gone for building on the web, versatile shrewd frameworks that have both their structure and usefulness advancing in time.


Russian ethnomusicologist Inga Korolkova (Инга Королькова) compares the calendar folklore mourning forms and the musical texts from the Novgorod region in her article. As research objects there are the special non-verbal vocalizations ('aukaniya'), the songs addressed to such ritual characters as Maslenitsa and Dudar, the rural versions of the Easter troparion "Christ is Risen". The author suggests that the Novgorod tradition preserved folklore texts that are syncretic in their intonational origins. The melodic formula of the Novgorod lamentations can be attributed as the universal, reflecting the specifics of the early type of musical language. Key words: lamentations, the culture of crying, Novgorod region, comparative studies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/td.v13i0.1700


A special-purpose microscope microspectrophotometer permits the light distribution from photoreceptor waveguides to be separately isolated and masked both at the waveguide termination and at the far field. Single units or small groups of photoreceptors can be studied, and the patterns analyzed densitometrically or spectrophotometrically. The light patterns can be tracked from near to far field in order to follow the relationship between the two distributions. Frog photoreceptor cells were isolated for study and their near-and far-field mode-pattern distributions were photographed with light passing through the retina by normal path and by reverse path. Six to nine minutes after interdicting retinal blood flow, individual fibers of the preparation appeared to be separating into multiple smaller fibers within the cell-membrane envelope. Individual frog rods were shown to be directionally transmissive, and the far-field pattern of groups of receptors appeared to be a simple combination of the individual far-field patterns. Evidence was found that the input plane of the frog receptor-fiber optic bundle may not coincide with the external limiting membrane, contrary to what has been frequently assumed.


Quadriplegics rely on mouth-controlled devices to perform a variety of tasks and to establish some degree of self-sufficiency. The most functional mouthstick appliances have custom-fitted mouthpieces which are fabricated by dental professionals, and in some cases are cost-prohibitive. An inexpensive lightweight mouthstick which incorporates a new thermoplastic mouthpiece and can be custom-fitted by the user is described.


Abstract:Throughout the long nineteenth century, individuals engaged in rituals of mourning to help deal with loss and grief. Objects were vitally important to Victorians and Edwardians as commemorative artefacts that clearly embodied the deceased and acted as a stand-in for their lived presence. For many people, books served as secular relics, with the safe confounds of the endpapers used to document the illnesses and deaths of loved ones, express feelings of anguish, or pass down books informally to other family members. Despite the high cultural value of these inscriptive marks, they have been surprisingly overlooked by researchers. Thus, this article is the first to shed light on these types of inscriptions in Britain (1870–1914), using a small dataset collected from a secondhand bookshop. Applying a combination of archival research and textual/multimodal analysis, I discuss the ways in which inscriptions helped individuals to manage loss, provided protection and therapy, and enabled relationships between the deceased and the bereaved to be maintained. I also draw attention to an inscriptive practice — the in memoriam inscription — that appears to have been predominantly used by the working and lower-middle classes. Overall, I argue that book inscriptions should be given equal importance to other relics of death, such as hair jewelry and memorial cards, as they were heavily embedded in broader rituals of mourning and served as aids in the process of grieving.


Based on activity method, this paper focuses on morning commuting behavior when commuters travel with autonomous vehicles (AVs). Firstly, a net utility function of commuters is constructed by the activity utility of commuters at home, in car and at workplace, and the disutility of travel time cost and that of schedule delay cost. Then, this net utility function is applied to build an equilibrium model. Finally, under the assumption of constant marginal activity utility, the properties of equilibrium are analyzed. The results show that, in autonomous driving, the starting and ending time of morning peak and the number of commuters who arrive early and late at workplace are the same as those in manual driving. In automatic driving, however, the departure rate of arriving early at workplace is higher than that of manual driving, while the departure rate of arriving late is just the opposite. In addition, compared with manual driving, the departure time of arriving at workplace on time is earlier and the number of people queuing at the bottleneck is larger in automatic driving. However, the net utility of commuters and the total net utility of system in automatic driving are greater than those in manual driving. Keywords—Autonomous cars, bottleneck model, activity utility, user equilibrium.


The purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate the impact of three diverse attendance and participation policies in face-to-face and online courses and the effect on students' final grades in each course. We examined nine different undergraduate courses taught between Fall 2010 and Spring 2015. The results suggest that a more stringent attendance policy significantly impacts student attendance, absences were negatively correlated with course grades, and that course delivery methods were not predictive of either attendance/participation or course grades.  Additional research is needed to determine what other factors might influence attendance and participation and correlation to course grades.


Phytophthora cinnamomi (Rands) is a soil and water-borne plant pathogen, associated with a devastating dieback disease in the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest, in Western Australia. As the forest is an active site for extensive open-cut bauxite mining, it is a challenge to prevent the potential spread of P. cinnamomi. Despite years of research, we have not fully understood how P. cinnamomi survives the long, hot and dry Mediterranean summer in the jarrah forest ecosystem, particularly under mine site conditions where surface temperatures periodically reach 60 oC.

This study looked at the life span of oospores, chlamydospores and encysted zoospores under conditions typical of the mine sites. In particular, it compared the effect of dry and moist soil conditions on survival of oospores and chlamydospores. The study also examined the effects of exogenous materials (smoke water, fish emulsion, and the fungicides, ridomil and furalaxyl) that are known to have stimulatory or inhibitory effects on growth. These were shown not to have any significant impact on the survival structures.

The findings indicate that oospores of P. cinnamomi survive in the soil for less than one year irrespective of soil moisture conditions, while chlamydospores survive for less than 12 weeks under similar conditions. Encysted zoospores under submerged conditions (similar to those in drainage sumps along haul roads) did not survive beyond one week.

The effect of varying moisture levels was examined with oospores of a closely related species (P. multivora) which is associated with the dieback disease complex. At matric potentials between -1 kPa and -6 MPa, there was a clear decline in oospore viability, and at -6 MPa, which is the level of dryness typically experienced during the hot dry summers, oospore viability was reduced to 66% after 60 days.

The possible role of non-susceptible or tolerant host plants growing on topsoil stockpiles on pathogen survival was investigated to determine how plants contribute to the long-term survival of the pathogen. Meta-barcoding and high throughput sequencing detected P. cinnamomi on 16 of the 20 plant species assessed. Unexpectedly, the technique revealed the putative presence of 24 other Phytophthora species, thereby raising more questions on the role of these plants in the Phytophthora disease cycle. Based on the findings, this study recommends that the stockpiles be maintained in situ and plant-free for at least 2-3 years to minimize the risk of spreading the pathogen and permanently removing the source of inoculum.


Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly recognized condition in which children with recent SARS-CoV-2 infection present with a constellation of symptoms including hypotension, multiorgan involvement, and elevated inflammatory markers. These symptoms and the associated laboratory values strongly resemble toxic shock syndrome, an escalation of the cytotoxic adaptive immune response triggered upon the binding of pathogenic superantigens to MHCII molecules and T cell receptors (TCRs). Here, we used structure-based computational models to demonstrate that the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) exhibits a high-affinity motif for binding TCR, interacting closely with both the α- and β-chains variable domains' complementarity-determining regions. The binding epitope on S harbors a sequence motif unique to SARS-CoV-2 (not present in any other SARS coronavirus), which is highly similar in both sequence and structure to bacterial superantigens. Further examination revealed that this interaction between the virus and human T cells is strengthened in the context of a recently reported rare mutation (D839Y/N/E) from a European strain of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, the interfacial region includes selected residues from a motif shared between the SARS viruses from the 2003 and 2019 pandemics, which has intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-like character. These data suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 S may act as a superantigen to drive the development of MIS-C as well as cytokine storm in adult COVID-19 patients, with important implications for the development of therapeutic approaches. Significance Although children have been largely spared from severe COVID-19 disease, a rare hyperinflammatory syndrome has been described in Europe and the East Coast of the United States, termed Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MISC). The symptoms and diagnostic lab values of MIS-C resemble those of toxic shock, typically caused by pathogenic superantigens stimulating excessive activation of the adaptive immune system. We show that SARS-CoV-2 spike has a sequence and structure motif highly similar to those of bacterial superantigens, and may directly bind to the T cell receptors. This sequence motif, not present in other coronaviruses, may explain the unique potential for SARS-CoV-2 to cause both MIS-C and the cytokine storm observed in adult COVID-19 patients.


Numerical simulations of laminar, forced convection heat transfer for reciprocating, two-dimensional channel flows are performed as a function of the penetration length, Womersley (α) and Prandtl (Pr) numbers. The numerical algorithm is based on a spectral element formulation, which enables high-order spatial resolution with exponential decay of discretization errors, and second-order time-accuracy. Uniform heat flux and constant temperature boundary conditions are imposed on certain regions of the top surface, while the bottom surface is kept insulated. Periodicity of velocity and temperature fields is imposed on the side boundaries, while the flow is driven by an oscillating pressure gradient. These sets of boundary conditions enable time-periodic solution of the problem. Instantaneous and time-averaged surface and bulk temperature distributions, and Nusselt number variations are presented. For high α flows, the temperature field is significantly affected by the Richardson's annular effect. Overall, forced convection increases by increasing the penetration length, a and Pr Corresponding steady-flow simulations are performed by matching the volumetric flowrate


Background: Pain is the common complication after a surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aromatherapy with Rosa damascena Mill. on the postoperative pain in children. Materials and Methods: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, we selected 64 children of 3–6 years of age through convenient sampling and divided them randomly into two groups. Patients in group A were given inhalation aromatherapy with R. damascena Mill., and in group B, the patients were given almond oil as a placebo. Inhalation aromatherapy was used at the first time of subjects' arrival to the ward and then at 3, 6, 9, and 12 h afterward. Common palliative treatments to relieve pain were used in both groups. Thirty minutes after aromatherapy, the postoperative pain in children was evaluated with the Toddler Preschooler Postoperative Pain Scale (TPPPS). Data were statistically analyzed using Chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: There was no significant difference in pain scores at the first time of subjects' arrival to the ward (before receiving any aromatherapy or palliative care) between the two groups. After each time of aromatherapy and at the end of treatment, the pain score was significantly reduced in the aromatherapy group with R. damascena Mill. compared to the placebo group. Conclusions: According to our results, aromatherapy with R. damascena Mill. can be used in postoperative pain in children, together with other common treatments without any significant side effects.


Xanthophylls include various plant pigments that are important in poultry diets for skin and yolk coloration. The recent use of turfgrass clippings as a source of xanthophyll for inclusion in poultry feed is a significant development since there are vast acreages of turf that could supply considerable amounts of clippings from routine mowing. The purpose of this study was to determine the xanthophyll levels in clippings from various turfgrass species and cultivars, and the effects of increasing nitrogen (N) fertilization on the xanthophyll concentration in the leaves. Clippings from 20 cultivars of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), 4 of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and 'Kentucky 31' tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) were analyzed for noneproxide xanthophyll (lutein). Levels ranges from 72 to 358 mg lutein per kg of clipping fresh weight depending upon species and cultivar. Increasing N fertilization resulted in significant but small lutein increases in Kentucky bluegrass clippings.


We present new Spitzer Space Telescope observations of the young cluster NGC 2264. Observations at 24 μm with the Multiband Imaging Photometer have enabled us to identify the most highly embedded and youngest objects in NGC 2264. This Letter reports on one particular region of NGC 2264 where bright 24 μm sources are spatially configured in curious linear structures with quasi-uniform separations. The majority of these sources (~60%) are found to be protostellar in nature, with Class I spectral energy distributions. Comparison of their spatial distribution with submillimeter data from Wolf-Chase et al. and millimeter data from Peretto et al. shows a close correlation between the dust filaments and the linear spatial configurations of the protostars, indicating that star formation is occurring primarily within dense, dusty filaments. Finally, the quasi-uniform separations of the protostars are found to be comparable in magnitude to the expected Jeans length, suggesting thermal fragmentation of the dense filamentary material.


In this paper, a method for the offline design of controllers is proposed to automate the design process. A multiobjective genetic algorithm is used to minimize the gap between the desired and the simulated percent overshoot and settling time. The Routh-Hurwitz criterion is incorporated into the design methodology to accelerate convergence by reducing the decision space. The proposed method is applied in a multiloop design for a DC motor. Simulation results show that the PI controller gains found using the proposed method give closed loop dynamics that follow the specified transient response. The results obtained using the proposed methods are shown to give better results than a conventional pole placement tuning method.


In this paper, two donor–acceptor-type π-conjugated polymers (P1 and P2) with 4,4′-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-5,5′-bis(trimethyltin)dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]silole as the donor and iso-diketopyrrolopyrrole or iso-dithioketopyrrolopyrrole as the acceptor moiety were designed and synthesized via palladium-catalyzed Stille coupling, and their optical, electrochemical and organic field effect transistor (OFET) properties were investigated. P2 could be regarded as the simple thionated product of P1, however, only one atom difference has resulted in their significantly different optical and electronic properties. P2 exhibited an obviously bathochromic shift absorption compared to P1. Noticeably, P1 only showed a hole mobility of 0.09 cm2 V−1 s−1, while P2 exhibited hole and electron mobilities of up to 0.49 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 0.26 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively, which indicated that the thionation could not only improve charge mobility but also give the polymer ambipolar transporting properties. Quantum chemical calculations and electrochemical analysis revealed that the thionation could further optimize the frontier molecular orbitals and facilitate the charge injection. This work demonstrated that iso-dithioketopyrrolopyrroles could be promising building blocks for high-performance organic field effect transistors.


Pluridisciplinary management of women with postpartum hemorrhage is mandatory in order to precisely assess initial seriousness, to maintain hemodynamic parameters and to confirm the cause of bleeding. Embolization should be offered only after exploration of the uterine cavity, inspection of the vagina, cervix and perineum and failure of uterotonic drugs. Embolization should be carried out in an angiography suite under constant monitoring of the patient by the anesthesiologist. Indications to perform arterial embolization include uterine atony particularly following a vaginal delivery, cervico-uterine hemorrhage, cervicovaginal lacerations (previously repaired or if surgical repair has failed) and vaginal thrombus, particularly in case of associated coagulopathy. Arterial embolization is effective in about 85% of cases. Placenta acccreta can also be successfully managed with arterial embolization as an alternative to hysterectomy. Unilateral femoral approach allows selective study of both internal iliac arteries and branches. Selective embolization of both uterine arteries should be ideally performed. In case of spasm or difficult catheterization, embolization of the anterior division of both internal iliac arteries should be considered. In case of bleeding from the cervico-vaginal region, selective evaluation and embolization of cervicovaginal branches should be performed. In case of failure or recurrence of bleeding, ovarian and round ligament arteries should be evaluated. In most cases, resorbable gelatin sponge pledgets should be used to perform embolization. The use of microcatheters and non resorbable embolization agents should be considered by trained interventional radiologists in case of placenta accreta or vascular lesions. After embolization, the patient should be transferred to the intensive care unit for further observation in order to offer emergent surgical procedure or another session of embolization in case of recurrence of bleeding.


A new class of highly branched polymers referred to as dendrimer-like polymers has been developed in the last decade, the first synthetic example dating back to 1995. Dendrimer-like polymers exhibit molecular features similar to those of regular dendrimers, such as the presence of a central core, a precise number of branching points and terminal functions, but comprise of generations of macromolecular size between their branching junctions. In this highlight article synthetic strategies to dendrimer-like polymers are reviewed as well as some of their characteristic properties. A special emphasis is placed on synthetic methodologies designed in our group to generate dendrimer-like homopolymers and block copolymers by iterative divergent approaches based on anionic ring-opening polymerization of ethylene oxide and atom transfer radical polymerization. Are also thoroughly described the methods used for selectively branching polymeric chain-ends and introducing ω-geminal functionalities from which further macromolecular generations could be grown.


The US Federal Circuit court of appeals has dissolved the preliminary injunction that for several years kept barnesandnoble.com from offering its internet customers the one-click shopping that Amazon.com offers. The one-click patent, one of the most derided business method patents, took a heavy thrashing from the Federal Circuit, but it hasn't been knocked out by complete invalidation yet. This decision is interesting, not only because of the notoriety of the one-click patent, but also because the decision illustrates several peculiarities of the patent system and of business-method patents in particular.


Acute kidney injury, which is caused by renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), occurs in several clinical situations and causes severe renal damage. There is no effective therapeutic agent available for renal IRI at present. In this study, we performed an experiment based on an in vivo murine model of renal IRI to examine the effect of carnosol. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups (10 rats in each group): the sham, IRI, and carnosol groups. Rats in the carnosol group were injected intravenously with 3 mg/kg of carnosol, and those in the sham and IRI groups were injected intravenously with 10% dimethyl sulfoxide 1 h before ischemia. Rats were sacrificed after 24 h of reperfusion. The blood and kidneys were harvested, renal function was assessed, and histologic evaluation was performed to analyze renal injury. A renal myeloperoxidase activity assay, in-situ apoptosis examination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemical assay, and western blot were also performed. Carnosol pretreatment significantly reduced renal dysfunction and histologic damage induced by renal IRI. Carnosol pretreatment suppressed renal inflammatory cell infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. In addition, carnosol markedly inhibited apoptotic tubular cell death, caspase-3 activation, and activation of the p38 pathway. Carnosol pretreatment protects rats against renal IRI by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis. Although future investigation is needed, carnosol may be a potential therapeutic agent for preventing renal IRI.


Primary and Preventative Care K.B. Fortner and H.E. Fox Breast Disease I. Green and M. Choti Critical Care C. Cansino and P. Lipsett Preconception Counseling and Prenatal Care F. Rojas, E. Wood and K. Blakemore Normal Labor and Delivery, Operative Delivery, and Malpresentations S.M. Lawson and J.L. Bienstock Fetal Assessment D. Chang and K. Blakemore Complications of Labor and Delivery L.M. Szymanski and J.L. Bienstock Gestational Complications K.B. Fortner, J.E. Althaus and E.D. Gurewitsch Preterm Labor and Premature Rupture of Membranes A.C. Cootauco and J. Althaus Third Trimester Bleeding N. Arquette and C. Holcroft Perinatal Infections A. Johnson and B. Ross Congenital Anomalies M.H. Smith and J.L. Henderson Endocrine Disorders of Pregnancy A. Silva and L. Milio Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy A. Bailis and F. Witter Cardiopulmonary Disorders of Pregnancy S. Davidson and E. Graham Renal, Hepatic, and Gastrointestinal Disorders and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Pregnancy T. Nguyen and F. Witter Hematologic Disorders of Pregnancy L.M. Szymanski and A. Aina-Mumuney Red Blood Cell Alloimmunization M. Taylor and J. Althaus Surgical Disease and Trauma in Pregnancy M.E. Pavone and N. Hueppchen Postpartum Care and Breast Feeding M.E. Pavone, S.C. Purinton and S. Petersen Obstetric Analgesia and Anesthesia J.E. Cho and D. Penning Anatomy of the Female Pelvis A.C. Cootauco and G.W. Cundiff Perioperative Care and Complications of Gynecologic Surgery M.S. Datta and R.E. Gutman Infections of the Genital Tract E. Tanner and C.J. Alexander Ectopic Pregnancy M. Yates and J. King Chronic Pelvic Pain A. Simopoulos and R.E. Gutman Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery F. Rojas and G.W. Cundiff Fertility Control: Contraception, Sterilization and Abortion M.E. Pavone and A. Burke Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault M. Nichols and J. Lee Pediatric Gynecology D. Finkenzeller and M. Loveless Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technologies E.A. Rybak and E.E. Wallach Recurrent Pregnancy Loss K. Ruis and K. Altman Uterine Leiomyomas J. Kulp and J. Griffith Endometriosis M. Yates and N. Vlahos Evaluation of Amenorrhea K. Ruis and J. King Abnormal Uterine Bleeding L.M. Szymanski, K. Fortner and B. Chou Hyper-androgenism K.B. Fortner and C.W. Lipari Female Sexual Function and Dysfunction S.C. Purinton and A. Goldstein Menopause and Hormone Replacement Therapy J. Kulp and H. Zacur Diseases of the Vulva J. Phillips, K. Hamod and R. Giuntoli Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia C. McCormick and C.L. Trimble Cervical Cancer R. Bristow, N. C. Lambrou, F.J. Montz, T.P. Diaz-Montes and K. Goodrich Cancer of the Uterine Corpus C. McCormick and R. Bristow Ovarian Cancer J. Larma and G.J. Gardner Gestational Trophoblastic Disease R. Garg and R.L. Giuntoli, II Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy R. Garg and E. Trimble Terminal and Palliative Care C. McCormick and D. Armstrong HIV in Pregnancy S. Barclift and B. Ross


The Koyna-Warna area in Maharashtra, Western India, is one of the world's best examples of reservoir-induced seismicity. The occurrence of earthquakes in the vicinity of Koyna Dam (Shivaji Sagar Lake) started since 1962, soon after the initiation of water impoundment. To understand the tectonics and seismicity of the region, recent Landsat 8 images and Sentinel radar data were evaluated in GIS, as well as SRTM and ASTER Digital Elevation Model data (DEM) and the DEM-derived morphometric maps. Geophysical and climate data were also included in the GIS database. The analysis of satellite data contributed towards understanding the tectonic framework of the Koyna reservoir area by visual lineament analysis. Thus, Landsat 8 and Sentinel radar data brought out the structural pattern and made visible larger fault zones. The detailed lineament analysis detected areas, presumed to have rocks of relatively higher permeability, supporting intrusion and infiltration of surface water. The resulting maps of weighted overlay procedures derived from causal morphometric factors that influence the susceptibility to ground motion revealed areas with higher, medium and lower susceptibility to soil amplification.