BACKGROUND
Statin cholesterol-lowering drugs are among the most prescribed drugs in the United States. Their cardiac benefits are substantial and well supported. However, there has been persistent controversy regarding possible favorable or adverse effects of statins or of cholesterol reduction on cognition, mood, and behavior (including aggressive or violent behavior).

METHODS
The literature pertaining to the relationship of cholesterol or statins to several noncardiac domains was reviewed, including the link between statins (or cholesterol) and cognition, aggression, and serotonin.

RESULTS
There are reasons to think both favorable and adverse effects of statins and low cholesterol on cognition may pertain; the balance of these factors requires further elucidation. A substantial body of literature links low cholesterol level to aggressive behavior; statin randomized trials have not supported a connection, but they have not been designed to address this issue. A limited number of reports suggest a connection between reduced cholesterol level and reduced serotonin level, but more information is needed with serotonin measures that are practical for clinical use. Whether lipophilic and hydrophilic statins differ in their impact should be assessed.

CONCLUSION
There is a strong need for randomized controlled trial data to more clearly establish the impact of hydrophilic and lipophilic statins on cognition, aggression, and serotonin, as well as on other measures relevant to risks and quality-of-life impact in noncardiac domains.


Combined macroscopic to microscopic structural analyses, detailed geologic mapping, and thermochronology were used to study the structural evolution of midcrustal rocks of the Sevier orogenic belt hinterland in northwestern Utah. These results, when combined with previous studies, provide new insight into the structural history of this region, and suggest alternating tectonic contraction and extension during Mesozoic to early Cenozoic time.

Two allochthons form the upper plate of the Miocene Raft River detachment fault in the eastern Raft River Mountains. The lower allochthon comprises Neoproterozoic, Ordovician, and Pennsylvanian(?) strata, and is bounded below by the Raft River detachment fault and above by the middle detachment fault. Strata within the lower allochthon were dramatically attenuated by two episodes of ductile deformation. The first deformation (D1) took place at metamorphic temperatures of ≈500°C, and resulted in penetrative fabrics throughout these rocks that record combined flattening and top-to-northeast shearing strains. The second deformation (D2) resulted in significant stratigraphic attenuation along discrete top-to-the-west shear zones that are generally parallel to lithologic contacts. Separates of synkinematic muscovite from the penetrative fabric yield 40Ar/39Ar cooling ages that indicate that D1 deformation occurred prior to cooling ca. 90 Ma. Both fabrics were subsequently folded about (D3) kilometer-scale recumbent folds.

The areally extensive middle allochthon, composed chiefly of Pennsylvanian and Permian rocks metamorphosed in the greenschist facies, was emplaced (D4) along the low-angle middle detachment fault. This fault cuts across various structural levels of the recumbently folded lower allochthon in its footwall, and juxtaposes greenschist facies over amphibolite-facies metamorphic rocks. The lower and middle allochthon were subsequently deformed (D5) into open folds with north-trending axes. Neogene extension (D6) produced an ≈200-m-thick top-to-east ductile shear zone in Precambrian rocks, and formed the younger Raft River detachment fault, which forms the present upper contact of the ductile shear zone.

Northeast-vergent D1 fabrics probably record shortening deformation, on the basis of fabric correlations with the Grouse Creek and Albion mountains, deformation kinematics, and synkinematic prograde metamorphism. D2 attenuation faults have been interpreted to record crustal extension of Late Cretaceous age. If D3 recumbent folds developed during extension, then the deformation sequence records early shortening followed by protracted extensional unroofing with variable structural styles. The favored alternative is that D3 recumbent folds developed during shortening; in this case, D1 through D4 record episodic alternations of contraction and extension. Such alternations are consistent with observations from analog and theoretical models of contractional mountain belts and suggest that the hinterland of the Sevier orogenic belt underwent dynamic adjustments in crustal thickness and deformation kinematics in response to changes in the boundary conditions of the orogenic belt.


The Benazir Income Support Program (BISP), introduced in 2008-09, is a unique cash support scheme for economically stressed families. Its uniqueness arises from several facets. The cash transfers are provided only to women aged over 18 years and have been ever married. It is unconditional and aimed at supplementing income as opposed to alleviating poverty. It was politically neutral, given that the facility to identify potential beneficiaries was extended to all parliamentarians, irrespective of party affiliation. A set of filters, applied electronically, ensured objectivity in beneficiary selection. Disbursement mechanism was automated to ensure minimal leakage. This paper outlines the process of the preparatory work that went into designing BISP – the conceptual debates, the beneficiary identification and disbursement procedures, etc. – involving a combination of high quality research with political decision making. It also addresses the debates surrounding BISP, cites independent empirical studies that show that the parliamentarian-based beneficiary selection mechanism was efficient and equitable and did indeed cover the deserving, and also responds to the variety of criticisms.


Dairy production in Ukraine, as well as worldwide, is an important sector of the economy which ensures the food security of the country. The Ukrainian dairy sector has many unsolved systematic problems, foremost of which is the decrease in cow productivity and the number of cows. This directly influences the decrease of total milk production, and, as a result, a deficit on the food market. Today, the Ukrainian government has to focus on improving dairy sector support in order to ensure its effectiveness in the future. PAM-analysis was used to evaluate the effectiveness of state agricultural policy in the dairy sector. Research results show that the production system of Ukraine can ensure profitable milk production in private and social prices. But, while dairy producers benefit from cheap internal resources, state policy in the dairy sector impacts profitability of milk production by production trade factors.


Author(s): Ortiz-Torres, Idelisse | Advisor(s): Galonic Fujimori, Danica | Abstract: Histone lysine methylation plays an essential role in a variety of cellular processes including transcriptional regulation and cell differentiation. The retinoblastoma binding protein KDM5A is a histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) demethylase, capable of removing the trimethyl mark on K4 all the way to zero methylation. As trimethylation of H3K4 (H3K4me3) is often associated with promoters of actively transcribed genes, removal of H3K4me3 by KDM5A is believed to promote transcriptional repression of its target genes. Mis-regulation of KDM5A has been shown to contribute to pathogenesis of lung and gastric cancer, as well as to the resistance to receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer. Yet, the mechanisms by which KDM5A is recruited to its target loci and how it functions on chromatin are largely unknown.In addition to its catalytic jumonji C (JmjC) eraser domain, KDM5A contains three PHD reader domains that are hypothesized to regulate the biological function of KDM5A. It is unknown, however, if and how these reader domains play a functional role in the demethylation reaction of KDM5A. In this thesis, using an array of biochemical and biophysical techniques, we show that the PHD1 domain specifically recognizes an unmethylated histone H3 tail, which interestingly is the final product of KDM5A. We also show that occupancy of PHD1 by its ligand allosterically stimulates the demethylase activity of the demethylase on histone tail peptides and on in vitro reconstituted nucleosome substrates. Together, these observations reveal an unprecedented allosteric regulation of a histone demethylase by one of its auxiliary non-catalytic domain and, challenges the prevailing model that PHD domains solely act to recruit chromatin-modifying enzymes to their target sites. Moreover, our findings suggest a model by which demethylation could spread on chromatin through a positive feedback-based mechanism. Furthermore, this mode of regulation provides new alternative mechanisms for the development of cancer therapies to specifically target RBP2 activity when mis-regulated in lung and gastric cancer. Here, we will also present data toward our initial efforts for the development of a small molecule allosteric modulator of KDM5A as well as our initial attempts to determine structural features of the enzyme by electron microscopy EM.


Co-occurence networks can be adequately modeled by hyper-bag-graphs (hb-graphs for short). A hb-graph is a family of multisets having same universe, called the vertex set. An efficient exchange-based diffusion scheme has been previously proposed that allows the ranking of both vertices and hb-edges. In this article, we extend this scheme to allow biases of different kinds and explore their effect on the different rankings obtained. The biases enhance the emphasize on some particular aspects of the network.


Machine Learning (ML), and especially Deep Learning (DL) methods, have evolved rapidly over last years and showed remarkable advances in research areas such as computer vision and natural language processing; however, there are still engineering applications in industries such as transportation where DL methods have not been applied yet or that can be benefited from an integrated approach using DL in addition to other methods. For countries in Northern latitudes one of such applications is Monitoring Road Surface Condition (RSC) during the Winter season for improving road safety and road maintenance operations. In this study we introduce a novel approach for monitoring of RSC that integrates DL methods and Spatial Statistics (SS) to simultaneously process data from roadside cameras and weather stations to determine automatically the category of snow coverage at sample locations across a region of interest. Our approach integrates the advantages of SS for interpolating spatial variables and the strengths of DL for Computer Vision tasks, particularly for image classification. On one hand SS models serve to understand the spatial autocorrelation of random variables and to determine their expected values in unsampled locations based on a number of near observations. On the other hand, DL models extract relevant patterns from a large number of training images and learn a mapping from input images to a set of predefined labels. We implement and evaluate our approach using data collected in the province of Ontario during the 2017-2018 Winter season. Specifically, we included data from three separate sources, Environment Canada (EC) Weather stations, Road Weather Information System (RWIS) stations, and roadside cameras from the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that integrates both DL and SS techniques for processing the three data sources with the goal of monitoring RSC. The DL models we implement and compared are Inception, Inception-Resnet, Xception, DenseNet, MobileNetv2, and NASNet. All of these models have achieved remarkable results for image classification in well-known benchmarks. The SS models we evaluate are Ordinary Kriging (OK), Radial Basis Functions (RBF), and Inverse Distance Weigthed (IDW). The first provides a comprehensive understanding of the spatial autocorrelation for each particular variable, while the second and third allow a faster implementation. Our integrated approach works by combining the output feature vector from the DL model with the interpolated values from the SS model to output a more robust prediction of RSC for the locations of interest.


Agriculture is one of the sectors most affected by ongoing climate change and as a result, farmers are using various adaptation strategies to cope with the impact of climate change in order to increase productivity. This study investigated the factors influencing the choice of a particular adaptation strategy by cassava and yam farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria. Primary data used for the study were obtained using a multi stage sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was administered to a sample of 150 randomly selected cassava and yam farmers in 12 villages in the study area. Descriptive statistics, a logit model, and the STATA computer program were used to analyze the data. The results showed that farmers have adopted diverse strategies such as changing planting dates, planting early maturing varieties and drought-tolerant varieties to deal with the impact of climate change. The results of the binary logit analysis showed that age of household head, household size, level of formal education, farm size, amount of rainfall, length of rainy season, awareness of climate change, member of farmers association, access to weather information, access to credit facilities, and number of strategies used, influenced the choice of at least two adaptation strategies. The study, therefore, recommended that government policies should be geared toward creating revenue-generating channels, strengthening the institutions that provide access to farm credit, making improved seed readily available, and providing extension services.


Precise knowledge of the chemical composition of the pigments used by Henryk Siemiradzki, one of the greatest Polish artists, is important for the enrichment of knowledge concerning his workshop and is essential in choosing the right strategies for the conservation and preservation of his works. An examination of powdered pigments inherited from Siemiradzki, along with an examination of samples taken from his paintings, was part of a research project carried out in the National Museum in Krakow. The aim of the project is to identify the artist's painting methods and the palette he used. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) technique, along with other methods of examination, supplemented non-invasive XRF spectroscopy, the starting point of the analyses. None of the applied methods identifies pigments as unequivocally as XRPD analysis, provided the studied material is crystalline. In this article we will present the results of the application of XRPD to investigations of powdered pigments from the collection of historic pigments inherited from Henryk Siemiradzki. We will also present the results of XRPD investigations of paint from several of Siemiradzki's paintings.


Translational errors occur at high rates, and they influence organism viability and the onset of genetic diseases. To investigate how organisms mitigate the deleterious effects of protein synthesis errors during evolution, a mutant yeast strain was engineered to translate a codon ambiguously (mistranslation). It thereby overloads the protein quality-control pathways and disrupts cellular protein homeostasis. This strain was used to study the capacity of the yeast genome to compensate the deleterious effects of protein mistranslation. Laboratory evolutionary experiments revealed that fitness loss due to mistranslation can rapidly be mitigated. Genomic analysis demonstrated that adaptation was primarily mediated by large-scale chromosomal duplication and deletion events, suggesting that errors during protein synthesis promote the evolution of genome architecture. By altering the dosages of numerous, functionally related proteins simultaneously, these genetic changes introduced large phenotypic leaps that enabled rapid adaptation to mistranslation. Evolution increased the level of tolerance to mistranslation through acceleration of ubiquitin-proteasome–mediated protein degradation and protein synthesis. As a consequence of rapid elimination of erroneous protein products, evolution reduced the extent of toxic protein aggregation in mistranslating cells. However, there was a strong evolutionary trade-off between adaptation to mistranslation and survival upon starvation: the evolved lines showed fitness defects and impaired capacity to degrade mature ribosomes upon nutrient limitation. Moreover, as a response to an enhanced energy demand of accelerated protein turnover, the evolved lines exhibited increased glucose uptake by selective duplication of hexose transporter genes. We conclude that adjustment of proteome homeostasis to mistranslation evolves rapidly, but this adaptation has several side effects on cellular physiology. Our work also indicates that translational fidelity and the ubiquitin-proteasome system are functionally linked to each other and may, therefore, co-evolve in nature.


Schistosoma mansoni cercariae were inoculated into the peritoneal cavity of naive mice and recovered 30 minutes later. Ultrastructural studies showed that neutrophils adhere to the larval surface and participate in the removal of glycocalyx by phagocytosis. This finding suggests that the neutrophils can play a role on the cercaria-schistosomulum transformation process.


Terrestrial radiometric surface temperatures were recorded at multiple observation angles in conjunction with satellite overpasses of the Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) over two florally distinct regions of Zimbabwe. The experimental sites were, respectively, an open grassland savannah and a medium density natural woodland, each of which extended over some 1000 square kilometers of predominantly flat terrain. The principal surface components at each location were vegetation and soil in varying proportions. Infrared brightness temperatures were corrected for atmospheric effects using solutions to the radiative transfer equation with coefficients derived from local atmospheric radiosoundings. The empirical equations of Idso (1981) and the RADGEN radiative transfer model (Zavody et ai., 1995) were used to derive atmospheric emittance and transmittance for the in-situ and ATSR data respectively. Both in situ and ATSR derived radiative temperatures exhibited a pronounced angular variation over each surface, with differences upwards of 5°C between measurements at nadir and forward (55°) zenith angles. This effect has been attributed to the temperature differentials that exist within heterogeneous canopies, which typically display variations in vegetation cover related to the observation angle. A simple two component canopy architecture was coupled with a linear mixture model to partition the ensemble surface emission. The fractional vegetation cover was estimated using multi-angle radiative temperatures and was in excellent agreement with in situ estimates. Empirical equations were derived from the in situ data which related vegetation and soil temperatures at each location. These relationships were used to constrain the surface component temperature regime so that ATSR dual-angle radiative surface temperatures were sufficient to derive the vegetation and soil temperatures and fractional cover. The difference between canopy and soil temperatures separated using the dual-angle data was greater than 30°C at certain times of the year, and the modal standard deviation for all component temperature estimates was 3.2°C.


Acoustic reflex adaptation is reviewed in normal and abnormal auditory systems. The measurement variables affecting the acoustic reflex threshold are discussed with reference to the intensity level above reflex threshold at which the adaptation is measured. The effects of the activator frequency and activator intensity level on the time course of normal reflex adaptation are reviewed. The diagnostic application of acoustic reflex adaptation is discussed with reference to the different definitions of abnormality found in the literature. The acoustic reflex patterns, including absence, threshold, and adaptation of the reflex, are reported in patients with different degrees of hearing loss, in order to identify the false-positive rates associated with cochlear hearing losses. Finally, the diagnostic accuracy of acoustic reflexes is discussed in subjects having lesions of the CNVIII, brain stem, CNVII, and neuromuscular systems. In summary, a method is advocated for measuring acoustic reflex adaptation over 10 seconds, which allows analysis at both 5 and 10 seconds. Further research is needed on procedural variables including activator intensity level and ipsilateral recording methods, which may increase the diagnostic accuracy of acoustic reflex adaptation.


The problem of detecting a sequence using the maximum-likelihood strategy, when the time-varying multipath channel is unknown, can be in principle solved using the generalized likelihood detector (GLD). The GLD metric involves finding the orthogonal projection of the received signal onto the subspace of the transmitted signal distorted by the multipath channel: the faded signal corresponding to one of the transmitted sequences is in fact known to lie in a subspace but its exact location is not known, because the channel parameters are unknown. This detector (which in the case of a static channel collapses to the per-survivor processing method), is also called a matched subspace detector because its statistic is "matched" to the a priori known signal subspace. Unfortunately, the computation of the (perfectly matched) orthogonal projection of the received signal onto the multipath faded signal subspace is, in the general time-varying case, impossible. We introduce in this work the idea of using new wavelet-based subspaces that approximate the original signal subspace. The nested sequence of linear vector spaces, defined by a wavelet-based multiresolution decomposition of the fading channel time variations, provides a set of subspaces that, at an increasingly high level of detail, are "efficient" representations of the original signal subspace. For each of these representations sequence detection at different levels of resolution can be performed.


Service composition with Quality of Service (QoS) is widely studied nowadays and there are some approaches effective for the composition problem in ideal conditions but no feasible solution for dynamic and uncertain QoS constraints environment. Therefore, a novel service negotiation mechanism is proposed in this paper. The mechanism is composed by three parts for negotiation: model, protocol and strategy. The model creates a new hierarchy architecture based on negotiation agent to improve the efficiency of tasks execution of each agent. The protocol dynamically updates solution search line, on which proposals are made by trading partners, and approximate Pareto-optimal solution is achieved through the neutral mediator. The strategy enhances the negotiation sensibility by considering three factors: time, opponent actions and global negotiation states. The negotiation process is coordinated by Manger Agent (MA), which provides suggestions for the next negotiation round based on the overall negotiation context. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is effective to find a feasible solution in the dynamically changeable composition environment.


Anther development is a very precise and complicated process. In Arabidopsis, the AtMYB80 transcription factor regulates genes involved in pollen development and controls the timing of tapetal programmed cell death (PCD). In this study, we isolated and characterized cDNA for VviMYB80 expressed in flower buds of male-sterile Vitis vinifera L. cv. 'Zhong Shan Hong', a late-maturing cultivar derived from self-progeny of cv. 'Wink'. VviMYB80 belongs to the MYB80 subfamily and clusters with AtMYB35/TDF1 in a distinct clade. We found that in flower buds, expression of the VviMYB80 gene in cv. 'Zhong Shan Hong' sharply increased at the tetrad stage, resulting in a higher and earlier transcript level than that found in cv. 'Wink'. Expression of the VviMYB80 gene, driven by the 35S promoter, caused pleiotropic effects on the stamens, including smaller and shriveled anthers, delayed dehiscence, fewer seeds, shorter anther filaments, distorted pollen shape and a lack of cytoplasm, with the tapetum exhibiting hypertrophy in transformed tobacco. These results suggest that VviMYB80 may play an important role in stamen development and that expression of VviMYB80 driven by the 35S promoter in tobacco induces male sterility.


A severe slow-down in Afghanistan's economic growth characterized the period between 2012 and 2014, the so called Transition period leading to the 2014 election and handover of security responsibility to Afghan forces. Afghanistan's economic malaise during this time can be attributed to the combined effects of the drawdown of international military forces and a sharp fall in associated international spending, reduction of aid, and increasing conflict and political instability. While aid fueled strong growth during the pre-transition period between 2007-2008 and 2011-2012, worrisome socio-economic dynamics already present intensified during the transition. Notably, the transition crisis magnified once again the many inequalities-between regions, cities and rural areas, rich and poor Afghans, and between men and women and girls and boys-that fracture Afghan society. The poorest and most vulnerable segments of the population benefited least from pre-transition growth, and the same groups suffered the most once the economy and the security condition deteriorated. This new edition of the Poverty Status Update series documents the evolution of poverty and socio-economic inclusion during the transition. It examines determinants of poverty and, with an eye beyond 2014, suggests policies to reduce vulnerability and inequalities.


Application of sewage sludge to farmland in Pennsylvania (PA) is regulated by crop N needs and the cumulative loading of eight trace elements. A survey of 7746 sewage sludges produced at 177 publicly owned (wastewater) treatment works (POTWs) in PA from 1978 to 1997 was conducted to determine what changes have occurred in nutrient and trace element concentrations, how currently produced sewage sludges compare with regulatory trace element standards, inter- and intra-POTW variability in sewage sludge constituents, and uncertainty estimates for application of nutrients and trace elements. Concentration medians and ranges of nutrients changed very little during the 20-yr period, whereas there were large decreases in Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, and Zn. Rates of decrease for concentrations of these elements and As, Se, and Mo were smaller or not different from zero in the last 5 yr of the survey. Assessment of sewage sludge constituents among a subset of 12 POTWs showed larger inter- than intra-POTW variability. Sewage sludge N content uncertainty showed that the maximum error in determination of plant available N ranged from 0.39 to 1.09 of the intended amount. This uncertainty could be reduced by increased frequency of N analysis prior to sewage sludge application. Application uncertainty for trace elements was large relative to the amount of trace elements added to the soil in a single application, but very small relative to the cumulative loading limit (generally <0.01). Further decreases in trace element variability or increased frequency of analysis would not be expected to decrease error in trace element cumulative loading calculations.


The byzantine conventions of advanced academic writing in English are notoriously difficult for graduate students and junior scholars to gain control over. Global higher education and academic publishing have seen a massive expansion in recent years, so that the ability to demonstrate insider disciplinary competence and a grasp of scholarly persuasion has become essential for academic success. With courses in English for Research and Publication Purposes (ERPP) in their infancy and unknown in many countries, writers often turn to the advice of style manuals for guidance. Here they often find recommendations to follow general principles of clarity, brevity and objectivity and are given advice on specific features to achieve this. In this paper we examine three of the most commonly referred to features: demonstrative 'this', existential 'there' and first-person pronouns. With the aid of a diachronic corpus of articles from four disciplines over the past 50 years, we find that expert use of these features has increasingly departed from the advice in the guides. We describe how the use of these features has changed and stress what instructors in ERPP courses might teach


Electrically conducting Au-multiwalled carbon nanotube/polyaniline (Au-MWCNT/PANi) nanocomposites were synthesized by two different ways: (1) by direct mixing of MWCNT/PANi and Au nanoparticles (Au-MWCNT/PANi-1) and (2) by in situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of both MWCNTs and Au nanoparticles (Au-MWCNT/PANi-2). The higher electrical conductivity of Au-MWCNT/PANi-2 compared with the other samples (PANi, MWCNT/PANi, Au-MWCNT/PANi-1) is supported by the red shifts of the UV-vis bands (polaron/bipolaron), the high value of the –NH+= stretch peak (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies), the high % crystallinity (X-ray diffraction analysis) and more uniform dispersion of the Au NPs in the material. The performance of the samples in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and microwave absorption was studied in the X-band (8–12 GHz). For all the samples, absorption was the dominant factor contributing toward the EMI shielding. Au-MWCNT/PANi-2 showed the best performance with a total shielding effectiveness of −16 dB [averaged over the X-band (GHz)] and a minimum reflection loss of −56.5 dB. The higher dielectric properties resulting from the heterogeneities because of the presence of nanofillers and the high electrical conductivity lead to the increased EMI shielding and microwave absorption. The results show the significance of both Au nanoparticles and method of synthesis on the EMI shielding performance of MWCNT/PANi composites. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Hand surgery has now evolved to the point where it badly needs an atlas since the classical texts are far too densely written to permit an easy entry by either the beginning or even moderately experienced hand surgeon. Dr. Chase's atlas fills this gaping void admirably and should serve as a cornerstone in the practice of many hand surgeons in the years to come. The atlas itself is an attractive, weighty volume whose format and every page bespeaks the vigorous personality of the author. The format itself is clear and bold, with large print headings and adequate space between the paragraphs and illustrations, permitting easy understanding and access. In each section, the author presents the principles of the problem to be dealt with in a brief paragraph or two, and then uses specific examples to amplify the principles. The illustrations reinforce the points and, of course, are the heart of


Antiphospholipid syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease with thrombotic tendency. Consensus guidelines for pregnancy with antiphospholipid syndrome recommend low-dose aspirin combined with unfractionated or low-molecular-weight heparin because antiphospholipid syndrome causes habitual abortion. We report a 36-year-old pregnant woman diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome receiving anticoagulation treatment. The patient developed left abdominal pain and gross hematuria at week 20 of pregnancy. An initial diagnosis of left ureteral calculus was made. Subsequently abdominal-pelvic computed tomography was required for diagnosis because of the appearance of severe contralateral pain. Computed tomography revealed serious renal hemorrhage, and ureteral stent placement and pain control by patient-controlled analgesia were required. After treatment, continuance of pregnancy was possible and vaginal delivery was performed safely. This is the first case report of serious renal hemorrhage in a pregnant woman with antiphospholipid syndrome receiving anticoagulation treatment and is an instructive case for urological and obstetrical practitioners.


. There is a longstanding debate about the zero-point term in the Johnson noise voltage of a resistor. This term originates from a quantum-theoretical treatment of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem ( FDT ) . Is the zero-point term really there, or is it only an experimental artifact, due to the uncertainty principle, for phase-sensitive amplifiers? Could it be removed by renormalization of theories? We discuss some historical measurement schemes that do not lead to the eect predicted by the FDT, and we analyse new features that emerge when the consequences of the zero-point term are measured via the mean energy and force in a capacitor shunting the resistor. If these measurements verify the existence of a zero-point term in the noise, then two types of perpetual motion machines can be constructed. Further investigation with the same approach shows that, in the quantum limit, the Johnson – Nyquist formula is also invalid under general conditions even though it is valid for a resistor-antenna system. Therefore we conclude that in a satisfactory quantum theory of the Johnson noise, the FDT must, as a minimum, include also the measurement system used to


Thyrotoxic myopathy frequently occurs in clinical practice; however, the association of hyperthyroidism with a flaccid, areflexic paraplegia, so-called Basedow paraplegia, appears to represent a controversial and doubtful entity. An 18-year-old female with undiagnosed and untreated Graves' disease presented with acute onset of global weakness predominantly in the lower limbs, but also affecting the upper limbs. The weakness was accompanied by hypotonia and areflexia. Clinically, the patient had a goitre and signs of thyroid ocular disease. Laboratory testing confirmed the presence of hyperthyroidism, and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies were positive. The cerebrospinal fluid protein level was raised. The electroneuronographic and needle examinations were compatible with a clear denervation process, such as acute motor axonal neuropathy, a variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, carbimazole and propranolol were administered. The occurrence of hyperthyroidism with a flaccid, areflexic paraplegia appears to represent more of a fortuitous than a causative association. It is important to consider and treat other causes, such as acute idiopathic polyneuritis.


Lately the category of public administration has become considerably urgent. The di-versity of scientists opinions brings about the problem of public administration definition. This category is treated and defined differently by the specialists of respective science fields. This article deals with evoliution of public administration definition. Public administration definitions used by different scientists are presented as well. An interest in the category of public administration as the project of scientific researches was shown in the between-war period of Lithuania already. Famous scientists of that time A. Graiciūnas, P. Raulinaitis and P. Lesauskis treated public administration special attention from managerial point of view. In nowadays Lithuania is paid to public administration of scientists and practicians. The priority of this category in Lithuania was finally consolidated by the Public Administration Law passed on 17 June 1999, in which public administration is treated from the legal aspect and is related with the doctrine of division of power, namely with the executive power. The analysis of the origin of public administration and its relation to the administrative law is also presented, since the category of public administration can be considered as one of the basic categories of administrative law. The problems of practical application of the law regulating the public administration are also deliderated.


Computer security incident response is a critical capability in light of the growing threat of malware infecting endpoint systems today. Ransomware is one type of malware that is causing increasing harm to organizations. Ransomware infects an endpoint system by encrypting files until a ransom is paid. Ransomware can have a negative impact on an organization's daily functions if critical business files are encrypted and are not backed up properly. Many tools exist that claim to detect and respond to malware. Organizations and small businesses are often short-staffed and lack the technical expertise to properly configure security tools. One such endpoint detection tool is Sysmon, which logs critical events to the Windows event log. Sysmon is free to download on the Internet. The details contained in Sysmon events can be extremely helpful during an incident response. The author of Sysmon states that the Sysmon configuration needs be iteratively assessed to determine which Sysmon events are most effective. Unfortunately, an organization may not have the time, knowledge, or infrastructure to properly configure and analyze Sysmon events. If configured incorrectly, the organization may have a false sense of security or lack the logs necessary to respond quickly and accurately during a malware incident. This research seeks to answer the question "What methodology can an organization follow to determine which Sysmon events should be analyzed to identify ransomware in a Windows environment?" The answer to this question helps organizations make informed decisions regarding how to configure Sysmon and analyze Sysmon logs. This study uses design science research methods to create three artifacts: a method, an instantiation, and a tool. The artifacts are used to analyze Sysmon logs against a ransomware dataset consisting of publicly available samples from three ransomware families that were major threats in 2017 according to Symantec. The artifacts are built using software that is free to download on the Internet. Step-by-step instructions, source code, and configuration files are provided so that other researchers can replicate and expand on the results. The end goal provides concrete results that organizations can apply directly to their environment to begin leveraging the benefits of Sysmon and understand the analytics needed to identify suspicious activity during an incident response.


An electron spin resonance (ESR) and photoluminescence signal is observed in the as grown single crystal of stishovite indicating the presence of defects in the non‐irradiated sample. The photoluminescence of the as received stishovite single crystals exhibits two main bands – a blue at 3 eV and an UV at 4.75 eV. Luminescence is excited in the range of optical transparency of stishovite (below 8.75 eV) and, therefore, is ascribed to defects. A wide range of decay kinetics under a pulsed excitation is observed. For the blue band besides the exponential decay with a time constant of about 18 μs an additional ms component is revealed. For the UV band besides the fast component with a time constant of 1–3 ns a component with a decay in tens μs is obtained. The main components (18 μs and 1–3 ns) possess a typical intra‐center transition intensity thermal quenching. The effect of the additional slow component is related to the presence of OH groups and/or carbon molecular defects modifying the luminescence center. The additional slow components exhibit wave‐like thermal dependences. Photo‐thermally stimulated creation–destruction of the complex comprising host defect and interstitial modifiers explains the slow luminescence wave‐like thermal dependences.


: Discrimination of a mixture of an agonist plus an antagonist has been analysed by training rats to discriminate (-)-nicotine (0.32mg/kg s.c.) from saline; in different groups of rats (n = 8), nicotine was administered either alone or in combination with the non-competitive nicotine antagonist mecamylamine (0.1-0.8mg/kg s.c.). Rats were trained in a two-bar operant conditioning procedure with a tandem schedule of food reinforcement. After 50 sessions, rats trained with nicotine alone had acquired the discrimination with an accuracy of about 85%. In combination, mecamylamine blocked accuracy during acquisition in a dose-related manner. In generalization tests, rats trained with nicotine alone yielded a typical dose-response curve for nicotine (ED(50) = 0.082mg/kg), without depression of response rate. In rats trained with nicotine plus 0.2mg/kg of mecamylamine, the ED(50) for the discriminative effect of nicotine was lowered (ED(50) = 0.036mg/kg), again without depression of response rate. In rats trained with nicotine plus 0.4-0.8mg/kg of mecamylamine, nicotine did not acquire stimulus control over behaviour (flat dose-response relationships), but in these animals, nicotine had a pronounced response rate-decreasing effect. These characteristics of discriminations based on nicotine plus mecamylamine differed substantially from those of previously described discriminations of nicotine plus midazolam, supporting the hypothesis that interactions between the latter drugs were based on a behavioural mechanism (overshadowing) rather than on interactions at the level of receptors.


Localisation is one of the most recent areas in the translation studies field and it is sometimes difficult to establish borders and find common ground between them. In this regard, localisation training is normally approached from the point of view of either translation or computer science. These two fields might be seen as remote from each other; however, in our proposal we bring them together in a productive and constructive manner. In this paper, we aim at presenting the main difficulties that localisation training entails -both at the methodological and the theoretical level- within the translation curriculum. We will also discuss our own teaching model, which has successfully been implemented at our universities. In our proposal we stress the importance of both technical and translational components, and we combine them by adopting a communicative, social and object-oriented approach (ECOS in Spanish). In our approach, localisation students must learn to play a three-fold role, vis-a-vis the digital product and the production process, as: mediators of the communicative value generated by the digital product as a cultural object and as a technical extension of human physical and intellectual abilities; stakeholders in the distribution of the localisable object's functional and informative values; and negotiators of their own (as professionals) and of their localisable technological product's social position and responsibility. To this end, in our teaching model we highlight the importance of acquiring certain technical aspects of the localisable object –such as extraction of text from logic, formats, meaning (re)presentation, hyperlinks, programming, structural patterns or dynamic text. On the other hand, we also believe that students should be highly competent in the use of the main localisation tool types that help them to contextualise their task, exchange and transform their product. At the same time, we provide our students with the analytical strategies needed to assert their role as a fundamentally translational one –negotiating meanings and functions, bridging texts and products across languages, communicating and mediating between cultures. To sum up, in this proposal we will show how we have articulated our approach over the last few years, and how we have developed a series of empowering methodologies that allow our students to construct the knowledge, the competences and the different existing socio-professional profiles which would help them to find their own place in the localisation industry and to identify their social responsibility.


Inflammation in the brain, which is characterised by activation of microglia cells, plays an important role in the progression of many central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Many medicinal and edible mushrooms have been studied intensively for the treatment of neuroinflammatory conditions. In this study, an assay guided approach was adopted to identify the active ingredients of L. rhinocerotis and C. militaris responsible for its anti-neuroinflammatory activity. Preliminary in vitro antioxidant investigations of the extracts revealed that the ethanol extract of L. rhinocerotis had higher antioxidant capabilities compared to the aqueous extracts in all the three assays tested viz., DPPH, TEAC and FRAP; however, the aqueous extract of C. militaris exhibited higher antioxidant activities compared to the ethanol extract. The MTS assay revealed that both the (ethanolic and aqueous) extracts of the mushrooms did not have cytotoxic effects on the BV2 cells up to 100 μg/mL concentrations. The ethanol extracts of both mushrooms decreased NO production of LPS stimulated BV2 cells by more than 60% compared to their aqueous extracts at 100 μg/mL. Further fractionation of the ethanol extract to the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions showed that the ethyl acetate fractions of both mushrooms had a significant effect on NO production inhibition (>50%) compared to their hexane fractions at 10 μg/mL. Two bioactive subfractions, CE2 and CE3 from C. militaris and TE3 from L. rhinocerotis from the ethyl acetate fraction were obtained through vacuum liquid chromatography. These subfractions also showed more than 45% reduction in NO production at 100 μg/mL. Twenty two lipid components were identified by GCMS analysis whereby eight (8) components from TE3, eleven (11) components from CE2 and three (3) components from CE3. All these components had synergistic effect to reduce neuroinflammation. The qPCR results showed that all subfractions down regulated the proinflammatory genes (iNOS, COX2 and IL-1β) and only TE3 and CE2 up-regulated the HO-1 and NQO-1 anti-inflammatory genes. Subfractions TE3 and CE2 inhibited neuroinflammation via NRF2 and NFκB pathways while the CE3 subfraction inhibited neuroinflammation via NFκB pathway in LPS triggered BV2 cells.


With regard to the study of the general history of Chinese philosophy and the creation of a philosophical system, Feng Youlan (Fung Yu-lan) has still not been surpassed in the circle of contemporary Chinese philosophy. His text A History of Chinese Philosophy (in two volumes) has particular value not only because of its description of the history of Chinese philosophy, but also because of its historical linking of antiquity and modernity, and of China and the West, a feat realized through philosophy. His philosophical system, set forth in the Six Books of Zhenyuan 貞元六書 (six philosophical monographs) and widely known as the New Learning of Principle system, has ontologically established the primacy of Principle, and, culturally, has instantiated the process of modernization, all of which retains its significance even today. Feng's thought on realms in his philosophy of life is centered around understanding-based self-enlightenment and has opened a new perspective for reflective thought about, and understanding of, Chinese philosophy. However, it falls short in its failure to acknowledge that "understanding-based self-enlightenment should also be a dynamic process of practice." Feng showed his academic orientation, distinguished by syncretizing the Learning of Principle and the Learning of Mind, by integrating philosophical creation into the research on the history of philosophy in his late years; however, this syncretism can be pushed further with regard to the issue of unity between subject and object—continuity between the investigation of things before complete understanding and complete enlightenment of the mind after the complete understanding of things. Feng thinks in A Short History of Chinese Philosophy that the most significant contribution that Chinese philosophy has made to the world is in its philosophy of life, and, subsequent to this assertion, one can point out that Chinese philosophy can also make contributions in terms of methodology. In Chinese philosophy, benevolence has an ontological meaning, and is the ontological basis for man and all the other beings to exist in the oneness, as well as the ontological basis for man and the world to be united. Chinese philosophy contains valuable insights in overcoming the opposition between subject and object, establishing a new view of subjects, a new view of objects, and, consequently, creating a new type of subject-object relationship and realizing a second enlightenment of the world.


Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen, and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains is making all types of S. aureus infections more challenging to treat. With a pressing need to develop alternative control strategies to use alongside or in place of conventional antibiotics, one approach is the targeting of established virulence factors. However, attempts at this have had little success to date, suggesting that we need to better understand how this pathogen causes disease if effective targets are to be identified. ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen, and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains is making all types of S. aureus infections more challenging to treat. With a pressing need to develop alternative control strategies to use alongside or in place of conventional antibiotics, one approach is the targeting of established virulence factors. However, attempts at this have had little success to date, suggesting that we need to better understand how this pathogen causes disease if effective targets are to be identified. To address this, using a functional genomics approach, we have identified a small membrane-bound protein that we have called MspA. Inactivation of this protein results in the loss of the ability of S. aureus to secrete cytolytic toxins, protect itself from several aspects of the human innate immune system, and control its iron homeostasis. These changes appear to be mediated through a change in the stability of the bacterial membrane as a consequence of iron toxicity. These pleiotropic effects on the ability of the pathogen to interact with its host result in significant impairment in the ability of S. aureus to cause infection in both a subcutaneous and sepsis model of infection. Given the scale of the effect the inactivation of MspA causes, it represents a unique and promising target for the development of a novel therapeutic approach.


High resolution images are always desired as they contain the more information and they can better represent the original data. So, to convert the low resolution image into high resolution interpolation is done. The quality of such high resolution image depends on the interpolation function and is assessed in terms of sharpness of image. This paper focuses on Wavelet based Interpolation Techniques in which an input image is divided into subbands. Each subband is processed separately and finally combined the processed subbandsto get the super resolution image. Keywords—SWT, DWTSR, DWTSWT, DWCWT


Speciation is facilitated by the evolution of reproductive barriers that prevent or reduce hybridization among diverging lineages. However, the genetic mechanisms that control the evolution of reproductive barriers remain elusive, particularly in natural populations. We identify a gene associated with divergence in chemical courtship signaling in a pair of nascent orchid bee lineages. Male orchid bees collect perfume compounds from flowers and other sources to subsequently expose during courtship display, thereby conveying information on species identity. We show that these two lineages exhibit differentiated perfume blends and that this change is associated with the rapid evolution of a single odorant receptor gene. Our study suggests that reproductive isolation evolved through divergence of a major barrier gene involved in chemically mediated pre-mating isolation via genetic coupling.


This primer presents a framework for developing and implementing a total market strategy for condom programming. A total market strategy uses the comparative advantages of all sectors—public, nonprofit, and commercial—to strengthen programs that distribute condoms for the prevention of HIV. Such efforts can increase the number of condom users, reduce the need for subsidies, increase access to condoms, and reduce the financial burden of HIV prevention activities on the public sector. The primer discusses supply- and demand-side indicators for identifying the development stage of a country's condom market, identifies total market interventions based on the market stage, and provides additional resources for forecasting condom needs.


A new protocol for the cryopreservation of mouse spermatozoa was developed for the CBA strain. With the aid of a cryomicroscope, several cryoprotectants were screened. The glycerol concentration and osmolarity of an egg yolk TES/Tris diluent resulting in optimal cryoprotection were 1.25% and 675 mOsm respectively. The optimal rate of cooling was 50°C/min from 4°C to -70°C. The percentage of motile sperm following cryopreservation in the modified diluent was assessed subjectively as 55 ± 7.4% Acrosome integrity was investigated on permeabilized cells using a specific monoclonal antibody to the acrosome. The proportion of acrosome-intact spermatozoa after freezing and thawing was 55 ± 13%. The developed protocol was transferred to a cell freezer and the diluent was further modified by the inclusion of 0.1% sodium lauryl sulphate which facilitated recovery of frozen-thawed spermatozoa. This diluent was designated Mouse Sperm Cryoprotectant (MSC). Incubation of oocytes with frozen-thawed spermatozoa resulted in 51% developing to the 2-cell stage, of which 67% developed to the morula/blastocyst stage. Transfer of 2-cell stage embryos to the oviducts of pseudopregnant recipients resulted in a total implantation rate of 39%, with 16% developing to fetuses. Replacement of 2-cell stage embryos to the oviducts of pregnant recipients resulted in 17% developing to live offspring. Further experiments with cryopreserved oocytes and cryopreserved sperm from two strains of mice, CBA and (C57blxCBA) F1, resulted in fertilization rates of 5% and 13% respectively. Transfer of 2-cell stage embryos from oocytes fertilized with CBA and F1 cryopreserved spermatozoa to pseudopregnant recipients resulted in implantation rates of 67% and 92%, with 22% and 25% developing to fetuses respectively. This protocol, employing a novel cryoprotectant, will provide a consistent and reproducible method for preserving valuable strains of mice.


The H3K9me2 histone methyltransferases G9a and GLP repress Mage-a class cancer germ-line (CG) antigen gene expression in murine embryonic stem (ES) cells, but the role of these enzymes in CG antigen gene regulation in human cancer cells is unknown. Here we show that whereas independent or dual knockdown of G9a and GLP in human cancer cells leads to reduced global and CG antigen promoter–associated H3K9me2 levels, it does not activate CG antigen gene expression. Moreover, CG antigen gene repression is maintained following pharmacologic targeting of G9a or treatment of G9a knockdown cells with the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A. However, G9a knockdown cells display increased sensitivity to CG antigen gene activation mediated by the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine. To account for these findings, we examined DNA methylation at CG antigen gene promoters in both cell types. We found robust DNA hypomethylation in G9a/GLP targeted murine ES cells but a lack of DNA methylation changes in G9a/GLP targeted human cancer cells; intriguingly, this distinction also extended to markers of global DNA methylation. These data reveal that G9a/GLP is required for DNA methylation of CG antigen genes and genomic DNA in murine ES cells, but not human cancer cells, and implicate DNA methylation status as the key epigenetic mechanism involved in CG antigen gene repression. (Mol Cancer Res 2009;7(6):851–62)


This study investigated the temporal and spatial variation of the zooplankton community of a hypoxic coastal embayment (Amvrakikos Gulf, western Greece) in relation to hydrological characteristics during an annual cycle. The main hydrological feature was the prolonged water stratification, which determined hypoxic conditions in the deeper layers that became anoxic close to the bottom in September, while vertical mixing occurred for a very short period (October-November). The total zooplankton abundance fluctuated between 44.6 and 159.7 ind l -1 . Fourteen groups were recorded, among which copepods dominated accounting on average for 86.4 %. Most of the groups presented higher abundance values in winter and spring when increased chlorophyll- α concentrations were found. Oxygen depletion affects the vertical distribution of most zooplankton groups and the vertical habitat partitioning between copepod orders and their ontogenetic stages. Several taxa were recorded even in the deep, anoxic layers, but only the polychaete larvae increased in abundance with depth. Calanoids, appendicularians and bivalve larvae presented eastward decrease of abundance in the deepest layers following the same pattern of oxygen decrease. Notwithstanding hypoxic conditions in its deepest layers, Amvrakikos Gulf was accounted for a mesotrophic ecosystem, with the nutrient concentration being lower than in the past. Several biotic elements indicate that the gulf is in a transitional phase towards a better quality state and these results reinforce the need for consistent monitoring of this ecosystem.


Abstract The occurrence of the 7 May 1986 Andreanof Islands earthquake provides the opportunity to evaluate the earthquake forecast and specific prediction that had been formulated and promulgated, starting more than 2 yr before. The prediction experiment was based on the observation of seismic quiescence in the part of the Aleutian subduction zone monitored by the Central Aleutians (Adak) Seismic Network. The magnitude estimate ( M s 7 to 7.5) was based on the size of the quiescent zone and the seismic history of the Adak region since 1900. The time of occurrence was predicted as a test of the discovery by Habermann of a quiescence lasting about 3 yr prior to the 2 May 1971 Adak Canyon event, and the hypothesis that a characteristic precursor time is a valid concept. The place was originally forecast as "near Adak Island," then specified with epicenter at the eastern margin of Adak Canyon, rupturing to the west under the canyon. The 7 May 1986 earthquake had magnitude M s 7.7 ( M w 8.0), with epicenter 140 km east of the predicted place, rupturing east of Adak Canyon and stopping in the area predicted as the nucleation point. The time of this event was 6 months later than predicted. Thus, the specifically predicted event has not happened. The largest part of the rupture did go through the segment that had been most active before the onset of quiescence and which experienced the sharpest and most persistent quiescence. A cause-and-effect relation between preparation for this earthquake and the quiescence is still to be firmly established, but the distribution of the pattern of quiescence relative to the epicentral location and the site of the greatest moment release suggest a physical connection between earthquake and seismicity patterns. The predictions of location and time were acknowledged throughout as highly speculative. No firm basis exists for quantitative estimation of the uncertainties to be assigned to the elements of an intermediate-term prediction. This experiment lends support to the validity of quiescence as a precursor, at least for some earthquakes, and demonstrates the need for local network data to provide the high resolution of seismicity required for prediction efforts based on seismicity patterns.


The Article comments on I.R.S. Notice 2006-14 which proposes to simplify and rationalize the collapsible partnership rules of section 751(b). It concludes that the proposed hot asset sale approach represents much needed improvement of section 751(b) but suggests that the Treasury should also consider more fundamental reform that would treat a nonprorata current distribution as a partial liquidation. The Article also explores the relationship between sections 734(b) and 751(b), focusing on the 1954 ALI proposals and Professor Andrews' more recent proposals concerning hot asset distributions and mandatory basis adjustments. The Article is an outgrowth of the author's work as a member of the ABA taskforce on section 751(b).


Urban research in Germany has started to address the socio-spatial distribution and architectures of so-called collective accommodation for asylum seekers, refugee camps, and new forms of ethnic segregation triggered by refugee movements in recent years. The spatial practices of refugees themselves within these processes have not yet been a subject of substantive research. Combining research methods from social and architectural sciences, this article investigates the physical, material, social and symbolic appropriation processes and the spatial dimension of homemaking by Syrian refugees currently housed in refugee accommodation in Berlin, Germany. What spatial knowledge is mobilized at the place of asylum in order to turn the accommodation into a home? How do spatial practices and knowledge hybridize practices of the place of origin, experiences made during the flight and the arriving and uncertain period of stay at an unfamiliar place of asylum? How do spatial appropriation processes collide with humanitarian logics and technocratic emergency management approaches at the place of asylum? With these questions, the article focuses on the ways in which refugees perceive, adapt to, appropriate and alter their new urban environment physically and socially, and how they thereby draw on existing and evolving stocks of urban knowledge, urban experiences and social relationships. It argues that to develop a homelike space in temporary accommodation, arriving refugees mobilize knowledge at the place of asylum which can only be understood as a re-figuration process that is equally at work in the case of other migrants, migration and translocal processes. Studying these urban re-figurations thus helps us to reveal how the interplay of refugees' agency and their knowledge and the technocratic regime – as a state of permanent temporariness – affects the making of a 'home'.


ABSTRACT
Mukti, Tri Aditya Harya. "Contrastive Analysis of Japanese Adverb Totemo and Indonesian Adverb Sangat". Thesis Department of Japanese Studies Faculty of Humanities. Diponegoro University. The First Advisor Drs. Surono, S.U. Second Advisor Elizabeth IHANR, S.S., M.Hum.

This research is dealing with one of adverb in Japanese and Indonesian. This research describes the similarities and differences of adverb "totemo" and "sangat" in term of structure. Contrastive analysis provides a mean to compare and find the similarities and differences between two languages. From this research authors conludes the similarities and differences from both adverbs.
The similarities of adverb "totemo" and "sangat" are:
1. Both of the adverb are use to express something that is "very" or "extremely" something. Beside that, Japanese adverb "totemo" and Indonesian adverb "sangat" included on the same section in adverb, which is adverb degree.
2. Adverb "totemo" and "sangat" always placed in the middle of sentence and modified adjectives, verbs, and another adverbs.
3. If adverb "totemo" and "sangat" omitted from sentence, it will change the information of the sentence.
The differences of adverb "totemo" and "sangat" are:
1. When "totemo" is used to modify Japanese ngative, it indicates a feeling of "hard" or "cannot possibly".
2. Indonesian adverb "sangat" always placed next to the modified word, but Japanese adverb "totemo" not always placed next to the modified word.

Key words: contrastive, taishou, adverb, fukushi, totemo, sangat


Squamous differentiation of rabbit tracheal epithelial cells is accompanied by an approximately 50-fold increase in the activity of type I (epidermal) transglutaminase, while the levels of type II (tissue) transglutaminase remain almost undetectable. To identify a cDNA encoding type I transglutaminase, we screened a library of cDNA clones prepared from poly(A)+ RNA isolated from squamous-differentiated rabbit tracheal epithelial cells. Four overlapping clones (represented by clone pTG-7) which span a range of 2.8 kilobases were identified; partial sequencing of pTG-7 indicated that it encodes a transglutaminaselike protein. pTG-7 hybridized to a 3.6-kilobase mRNA which is distinct from that for type II transglutaminase. pTG-7 mRNA levels were low in proliferative cells, increased dramatically in squamous-differentiated cells, and could be further enhanced by growth of the cells in high concentrations (2 mM) of calcium ions. Retinoic acid, which blocks the expression of the squamous phenotype, prevented this increase in pTG-7 mRNA levels. These changes in levels of pTG-7 mRNA parallel the changes in type I transglutaminase activity observed under similar culture conditions. These data indicate that pTG-7 encodes the mRNA for transglutaminase type I and that expression of this mRNA is negatively regulated by retinoic acid.


The willingness to trust human receivers is compared to the inclination to take lottery risk in six distinct scenarios, controlling the return distributions. Trust shows significantly smaller responsiveness to return expectations compared to parallel pure-risk lottery allocation, and paired comparisons reveal that investors sacrifice 5% of the expected payoff to trust anonymous receivers. Trust is more calculated and volatile for males, while appearing relative stable for females. The results complement the accumulating evidence regarding physiological differences between trust and risk, in addition suggesting that the trust-risk gap is larger for females.


A modeling framework for the class of piecewise linear switched systems is presented. This is done combining classical ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and logic. Methods for abstracting away from the details of ODEs using conservative discrete approximations are discussed and DEDS methods are used for verifying specifications. A fairly complex example is treated, the main resultbeing that fully automated verification may be successful for models in this class.


The presence of prominent subarachnoid spaces and ventriculomegaly on cranial computerized tomographic scans has been described in multiple generalized systemic illnesses in the pediatric population. We have described an infant with severe congenital heart disease who had, on a cranial CT scan for evaluation of developmental defects, demonstrated this appearance.


Cyclic signal processing refers to situations where all the time indices are interpreted modulo some integer L. In such cases, the frequency domain is defined as a uniform discrete grid (as in L-point DFT). This offers more freedom in theoretical as well as design aspects. While circular convolution has been the centerpiece of many algorithms in signal processing for decades, such freedom, especially from the viewpoint of linear system theory, has not been studied in the past. In this paper, we introduce the fundamentals of cyclic multirate systems and filter banks, presenting several important differences between the cyclic and noncyclic cases. Cyclic systems with allpass and paraunitary properties are studied. The paraunitary interpolation problem is introduced, and it is shown that the interpolation does not always succeed. State-space descriptions of cyclic LTI systems are introduced, and the notions of reachability and observability of state equations are revisited. It is shown that unlike in traditional linear systems, these two notions are not related to the system minimality in a simple way. Throughout the paper, a number of open problems are pointed out from the perspective of the signal processor as well as the system theorist.


A study determined the effects of Whole Language Immersion, a pedagogy rooted in Whole Language and English as a Second Language on two sections of eleventh-grade students in Sumter County, Alabama, defined as at-risk by the Alabama Exit Examination. For 10 weeks, the control group was taught grammar while the experimental group underwent language immersion by daily reading; writing, and speaking. Four quantitative measures were used in pre/post forms to evaluate growth in students' lingual abilities: the Alabama High School Basic Skills Exit Exam, a writing sample, a cloze test, and an attitude inventory. Three dimensions we're evaluated in the writing samples: syntactic fluency (T-Units); coherence (NAEP scale), and analytic (Diederich scale). Rich qualitative data in the form of daily classroom observations were also recorded. Analysis of the data indicated significant growth in language ability in both control and experimental groups with no significant differences between mean gain of groups. Informal observations indicated increases of frequency in reading and writing in the experimental group. Although no student had previously completed reading a novel, by the end of the experiment, all students had finished from one to five books. Observed discipline problems diminished as students lea,med to work cooperatively. Students began to revise for diction, syntax, and audience, and internalized rules of Standard English grammar without direct instruction. Contains 11 references. (Author/TB)


Due to excellent oxidation and corrosion resistance at elevated temperature, oxide ceramic could be the preference served at high temperature oxidizing atmosphere over a long period of time. In recent years, alumina-based eutectic in situ composite prepared by various solidification techniques, which has superior properties even close to the melting point about 2100K, has been paid much attention. In this paper, Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2 ternary eutectic and hypoeutectic ceramics are prepared from melt by laser zone-remelting technique, the rapid solidification characteristic and the mechanical property of the composites are investigated. The results show that: (1) Compared to sintered composite with the same composition, laser zone-remelted Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2 eutectic in situ composite has different microstructure showing fine interpenetrated network with Al2O3, YAG and ZrO2 phases continuously intergrown, while none of pores, grain boundaries and amorphous phases is found. (2) The scanning rate and the power density of the laser beam has strong effect on the microstructure morphology. When the power density is determined, the eutectic spacing is reduced with the scanning rate increased. The characteristic eutectic spacings and phase sizes of YAG and Al2O3 are about 2~3μm, and the characteristic dimension of ZrO2 is less than 1μm. (3) The hardness and the room-temperature fracture toughness of Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2 eutectic are respectively Hv=16.7±2.0 GPa and KIC=8.0±2.0 MPa.m1/2, and those of hypoeutectic are respectively Hv=15.8±2.0 GPa and KIC=3.9±1.0 MPa.m1/2.


Forensic e-mental health is an area of psychology that is relatively underdeveloped considering technological advancements and the many mental health needs of justice-involved individuals It includes the procurement, storage, sharing, and provision of forensic mental health information and services via electronic means and is associated with improved accessibility, efficiency, cost-savings, and safety During the COVID-19 pandemic, clinics, hospitals, jails, prisons, and the courts rapidly adopted these modalities for service continuity out of necessity, rather than choice In the absence of formal guidelines, practitioners, researchers, and policymakers were left searching for answers: what forensic e-mental health technologies are available, what was their research evidence, and what could the future hold? A "primer" covering the many aspects of technology-assisted forensic practice and research was overdue To address this knowledge gap, we reviewed the e-mental health research base encompassing forensic evaluations and interventions Considering stakeholders' needs, cost, and feasibility, we prioritized key topics that should rise to the top of the forensic e-mental health research agenda: the psychometric properties of forensic e-mental health assessments, impact of video recording evaluations, how to assess and treat diverse populations, restoration of competence to proceed, continuum of care, minimizing treatment attrition, and decreasing substance use We report how to plan for and overcome logistical hurdles when implementing forensic e-mental health policy, utilize technology for training and education, and harness digitized data across the forensic realm In conclusion, we find that there is ample opportunity for leveraging technology to improve forensic mental health practice, research, and policy (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)


Background
The 'Quality Premium' (QP) introduced in England in 2015 aimed to financially reward local healthcare commissioners for targeted reductions in primary care antibiotic prescribing. We aimed to evaluate possible unintended clinical outcomes related to this QP.

Methods
Using Clinical Practice Research Datalink and Hospital Episode Statistics datasets, we examined general practitioner (GP) consultations (visits) and emergency hospital admissions related to a series of pre-defined conditions of unintended consequences of reduced prescribing. Monthly age and sex-standardised rates were calculated using a direct method of standardisation. We used segmented regression analysis of interrupted time series to evaluate the impact of the QP on seasonally adjusted outcome rates.

Results
We identified 27,334 GP consultations and over five million emergency hospital admissions with pre-defined conditions. There was no evidence that the QP was associated with changes in GP consultation and hospital admission rates for the selected conditions combined. However, when each condition was considered separately, a significant increase in hospital admission rates was noted for quinsy, and significant decreases were seen for hospital-acquired pneumonia, scarlet fever, pyelonephritis and complicated urinary tract conditions. A significant decrease in GP consultation rates was estimated for empyema and scarlet fever. No significant changes were observed for other conditions.

Conclusions
Findings from this study show that overall there was no significant association between the intervention and unintended clinical consequences, with the exception of a few specific conditions, most of which could be explained through other parallel policy changes or should be interpreted with caution due to small numbers.


The awarding of World Cup 2010 to South Africa was hailed as a great 'victory' for the African continent and the cause of much celebration. It heightened expectations not only about the spectacle itself but about the benefits that would accrue to South Africa and the rest of Africa. This essay examines the notion of the successful bid as an 'African victory' in the context of global power relations in football, South Africa's alleged function as a sub‐imperialist power on the continent, and xenophobic attacks on African immigrants in South Africa. After tracing the politics around South Africa's involvement in FIFA, this essay critically interrogates the benefits touted for South Africa and Africa: development for the SADC region, economic opportunities for ordinary South Africans, increased tourism in South Africa, and football development and peace and nation‐building across the continent. Will the World Cup, as Thabo Mbeki would like, be the moment 'when Africa stood tall and resolutely turned the tide on centuries of poverty and conflict?'


A recent Biological Conservation paper found that while conservationists behave more sustainably than other professionals in some respects (e.g. compost more), they still have much room to improve. Three key domains of behavior the paper tested were meat consumption, daily commuting behavior, and air travel. In this research, we analyzed the voluntary comments people made in response to questions about their behavior in these areas to seek a better understanding of how conservationists explain or rationalize their behavior despite their knowledge of how their behavior impacts the environment. The results revealed that conservationists were more likely to rationalize their meat consumption behavior than economists. Otherwise, there was not a significant difference between the likelihood of conservationists, economists, and medical professionals to rationalize their behavior. The most common types of rationalizations used by respondents to justify their unsustainable behavior were Self-Sanctions and Moral Justification. Interestingly, the rationalizations offered in the comments of the respondents also took the form of Positive Self-Reactions, or self-praise for behaving in a sustainable manner. A future line of study could assess the efficacy of interrupting the ability of people to rationalize their unsustainable behavior as a leverage point to alter behavior. [1] Balmford, A., Cole, L., Sandbrook, C., & Fisher, B. (2017). The environmental footprints of conservationists, economists and medics compared. Biological Conservation, 214, 260-269. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.07.035


Scene Graph Generation (SGG) aims to build a structured representation of a scene using objects and pairwise relationships, which benefits downstream tasks. However, current SGG methods usually suffer from sub-optimal scene graph generation because of the long-tailed distribution of training data. To address this problem, we propose Resistance Training using Prior Bias (RTPB) for the scene graph generation. Specifically, RTPB uses a distributed-based prior bias to improve models' detecting ability on less frequent relationships during training, thus improving the model generalizability on tail categories. In addition, to further explore the contextual information of objects and relationships, we design a contextual encoding backbone network, termed as Dual Transformer (DTrans). We perform extensive experiments on a very popular benchmark, VG150, to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method for the unbiased scene graph generation. In specific, our RTPB achieves an improvement of over 10% under the mean recall when applied to current SGG methods. Furthermore, DTrans with RTPB outperforms nearly all state-of-the-art methods with a large margin. Code is available at https://github.com/ChCh1999/RTPB


At the start of 2018, Zhivaia Starina journal changed ownership and is currently being published by Polenov Russian State Folk Art House (Moscow). The journal's key topics for 2017 involve the role of tradition and innovations in folklore genres and the interconnection between folklore and folk mythology as well as between folklore texts and oral history. Additionally, Issues 3 and 4 feature sections to commemorate the 870th anniversary of the founding of Moscow and the centenary of the Russian October Revolution.


Business process designers are increasingly being challenged to develop processes that are not only useful in achieving business objectives but also accepted by the process participants and followed in the work place. Those objectives can only be achieved when both the business and the social/cultural aspects of the specific business environment are taken into account. Humans are not unaided individuals separated from a social group and from supporting artefacts but they are complemented by the environment in which they live in. This paper presents a novel framework for the design of business processes based on the application of activity system, providing a comprehensive framework of humans acting in the world, and the theory of affordances, representing action opportunities offered by the environment. The contribution of this paper is two-fold. First, it provides a theoretical contribution to affordance studies by offering a conceptual model that consolidates new developments in the concept, post Gibson. Second, it introduces a new framework (Activity/Affordance Framework - AAF) to aid the design of business processes. Finally, a case study is used to illustrate the utility of the framework in design practice.


A numerical study of a labyrinth-type turbine seal flutter in a large turbofan engine is described. The flutter analysis was conducted using a coupled fluid-structure interaction code, which was originally developed for turbomachinery blade applications. The flow model is based on an unstructured, implicit Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver. The solver is coupled to a modal model for the structure obtained from a standard structural finite element code. During the aeroelasticity computations, the aerodynamic grid is moved at each time step to follow the structural motion, which is due to unsteady aerodynamic forces applied onto the structure by the fluid. Such an integrated time-domain approach allows the direct computation of aeroelastic time histories from which the aerodynamic damping, and hence, the flutter stability, can be determined. Two different configurations of a large-diameter aeroengine labyrinth seal were studied. The first configuration is the initial design with four fins, which exhibited flutter instability during testing. The second configuration is a modified design with three fins and a stiffened ring. The steady-state flow was computed for both configurations, and good agreement was reached with available reference data. An aeroelasticity analysis was conducted next for both configurations, and the model was able to predict the observed flutter behavior in both cases. A flutter mechanism is proposed, based on the matching of the structural frequencies to the frequencies of waves traveling in the fluid, in the interfin cavities and in the high- and low-pressure cavities.


This paper describes experimental and computational work to examine the unsteady flow field in the vaned diffuser of a medium specific speed pump. The aim of this project is to verify a commercialy available Navier-Stokes program with a k-E turbulence model and to improve our understanding of the complex unsteady three-dimensional flow field associated with the interaction between a pump impeller and its vaned diffuser. The paper provides the results of experiments carried out using Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA), in which time-resolved details of the unsteady flow field in a vaned diffuser of a medium specific speed pump have been obtained as a function of the local position of the pump impeller blades. The static pressures were also measured at the hub and shroud side of the diffuser. The measurement results have been analysed to elucidate some interesting flow features observed in this typical pump diffuser. These include unsteady recirculation of the flow from the diffuser into the impeller at partload and flow separation in the diffuser channel. The unsteady flow simulation of a two dimensional diffuser showed the capabilities and the limits of a Navier Stokes program with k-E turbulence model. The comparisons of the simulation results with experimental data identify that this simple computational model with a time periodic inlet profile is able to show important flow phenomena. In terms of the flow field and pressure rise there is no substantial difference between the predictions of a steady simulation and the time-average of an unsteady simulation.


OBJECTIVE: To assess determinants of the participation rate in breast cancer screening (BCS) programs by conducting a systematic review of reviews. METHODS: We conducted a systematic search in Pubmed via Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane identifying the literature up to April 2019. Out of 2,258 revealed unique abstracts, we included 31 reviews from which 25 were considered as systematic. We applied the Walsh & McPhee Systems Model of Clinical Preventive Care to systematise the determinants of screening participation. RESULTS: The reviews, mainly in high-income settings, reported a wide range for BCS participation rate: 16-90%. The determinants of BCS participation were simple low-cost interventions, such as invitation letters, basic information on screening, multiple reminders, fixed appointments, prompts from healthcare professionals, and healthcare organizational factors (eg. close proximity to screening facil-ity). More complex interventions (such as face-to-face counselling or home visits), mass media or improved access to transport should not be encouraged by policy makers unless other information ap-pears. The repeated participation in mammography screening was consistently high, above 62%. Previous positive experience with screening influenced the repeated participation in screening programs. The reviews were inconsistent in the use of terminology related to BCS participation, which may have contributed to the heterogeneity in the reported outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that consistent findings of systematic reviews bring more cer-tainty into the conclusions on effects of simple invitation techniques, fixed appointments and prompts, as well as healthcare organizational factors on promoting participation rate in screening mammography.


Primary Laryngeal aspergillosis in an immunocompetent patient is rare and very few cases have been reported. Laryngeal aspergillosis due to secondary invasion from tracheobronchial tree is usually seen in an immunocompromised host. We report a case of a 65 year female who presented with 4 months history of breathlessness, hoarseness of voice and cough. She had ischaemic heart disease, hypertension, for which she was taking aspirin. She was known case of bronchial asthma on inhalational steroids. Video-laryngoscopy revealed greenish black debris in subglottic area, without any mucosal changes. Diagnosis of Aspergillus flavus was confirmed on culture. Ig E and absolute eosinophil count was within normal limits. Patient was started on oral itraconazole and has responded to treatment. Possibility of Primary fungal infection of larynx should be kept in mind, in elderly patients on inhalational steroids, without any known risk factors for immunocompromised states.

Keywords: Larynx; Aspergillosis, Primary; Laryngeal; Immunocompetent; Aspergillus; Elderly; Inhalational steroids; Bronchial asthma


Background: In CARE-MS II (Comparison of Alemtuzumab and Rebif® Efficacy in Multiple Sclerosis; NCT00548405), alemtuzumab (12 mg/day; baseline: 5 days; 12 months later: 3 days) significantly improved health-related quality of life (HRQL) outcomes versus subcutaneous interferon beta-1a (SC IFNB-1a) in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients over 2 years. Patients completing CARE-MS II could enter a 4-year extension study (NCT00930553). Objective: The aim of this study is to assess 6-year HRQL outcomes in alemtuzumab-treated CARE-MS II patients, including those with highly active disease (HAD). Methods: During extension, patients could receive additional alemtuzumab for clinical/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) activity or other disease-modifying therapies per investigator's discretion. Assessments include Functional Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis (FAMS), 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and EQ-5D visual analog scale (EQ-VAS). Results: Alemtuzumab-treated patients improved or stabilized all HRQL measures over 6 years with significant improvements from baseline at all time points on EQ-VAS and for up to 5 years on FAMS, SF-36 MCS, and SF-36 PCS. Alemtuzumab-treated patients with HAD showed significant improvements versus baseline at Year 2 on all HRQL measures, and significant improvements versus SC IFNB-1a on SF-36 PCS and EQ-VAS; however, the improvements did not reach the threshold for clinical relevance. Conclusion: Alemtuzumab-treated CARE-MS II patients improved or stabilized HRQL versus baseline over 6 years. This is the first study to show long-term HRQL benefits in patients with HAD.


Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare, rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects numerous regions of the central nervous system, including the olivopontocerebellar and striatonigral systems as well as various autonomous nuclei of the brainstem. The pathological hallmark of MSA is the presence of oligodendroglial aggregates called glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCI) whose main component is the protein ¦A-synuclein. The neurodegenerative process leads to severe impairment of autonomic dysfunction, together with a varying degree of parkinsonian and cerebellar syndromes. There is currently no disease modifying therapy available. This PhD work focused, on the one hand, on preclinical approaches aiming to reduce the accumulation of ¦A-synuclein in an animal model of MSA, and on the other hand, on a neuropathological analysis in patients with a slowly progressive subtype of the disease. Throughout the three years of work, we have assessed different therapeutic candidates in an animal model of MSA. Rapamycin, a drug known to enhance autophagy and protein clearance, showed only a partial neuroprotective effect against neural loss in our model. Nilotinib, a drug that had shown neuroprotective properties in a Parkinsoni¯s disease animal model, failed to modify the disease course in our study. Finally, we evaluated the combinations of two drugs that have already proven to reduce a-synuclein aggregation and protect neurons from degeneration, to assess whether they have synergistic properties.Keywords: Synuclein, Multiple system atrophy, glial cytoplasmic inclusions, post-mortem human brain study, rodent, translational approach, c-terminal truncation, phosphorylation, autophagy, protein aggregation


The launch of full electric vehicles to the market requires a significant increase of energy densities of
lithium ion batteries to enhance the range of these vehicles. Therefore it is necessary to improve
batteries particularly in the fields of electrodes and electrolytes. The use of nanostructured anodes
thereby turned out as a promising option.
This work focused on the electrochemical synthesis of nanostructures made of relevant anode
materials using ionic liquids. At first lithium was deposited in an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-1-
methylpyrrolidinum bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Py1,4] TFSI), with LiTFSI within different
templates. For the preparation of macroporous structures lithium was deposited inside a matrix of
colloidal polystyrene spheres and the deposition inside the pores of a polycarbonate membrane
induced the formation of nanotubes. The polystyrene templates for the deposition were prepared by
applying several layers of polystyrene spheres on a copper plate. For the directed growth of lithium
nanotubes membranes with a porediameter of ~200 nm were used. The dimensions were thus given by
the pores of the polycarbonate membrane. After a deposition time of 15 minutes solely nanotubes
occurred which were evenly distributed over the whole electrode surface and partly free standing.
Furthermore, this work focussed on the synthesis of silicon nanowires. For this purpose silicon was
deposited inside the ~90 nm wide pores a polycarbonate membrane. The electrochemical deposition
was done from [P1,4] TFSI with SiCl4 as silicon source. By the use of potentiostatic deposition of
silicon comparatively short nanowires of only 500 nm were formed, whereas pulsed deposition
produced significantly longer nanowires of up to 2.5 μm. Additionally, experiments with SiBr4 as
silicon source were carried out, since it has around ambient temperature a significantly lower vapour
pressure than SiCl4.
The same process as described for the silicon nanowires was used to form germanium nanotubes.
Furthermore, it was shown that germanium nanotubes could also be prepared by using a membrane
with the smaller pore diameter (90 nm).


This paper describes the background and provides the rationale and the framework to embrace all feasible measures (passive/design and active/operational – normal and emergencies) for improving the damage survivability of RoRo Passenger ships. The ideas elaborated in the paper is an attempt to elucidate and assess the impact on options for new and existing ships of increasing the required subdivision index R, the former in response to the higher damage stability standards recom- mended following the conclusion of the EMSA III project and the latter in case IMO decided to apply higher damage stability requirements retrospectively, particularly in the aftermath of an accident. Such a framework would provide the motivation for instigating and estab- lishing novel damage stability enhancing paradigms in line with IMO Circular 1455 on equivalents, for alter- native compliance. This, in turn, would enable the industry to focus on all credible measures for damage stability enhancement in case of a flooding accident. This represents a step change both in the mind-set of naval architects and in safety legislation but the impact will be immense and mostly positive. This paper paves the way in this direction by providing the background and rationale for such a framework and by introducing an alternative system for damage stability enhancement that involves injecting highly expandable foam in the compartment(s) undergoing flooding during the intimal post-accident flooding phase thus enhancing damage stability and survivability of RoPax vessels well beyond the design levels in the most cost-effective way currently available. This is a mind-set changing innovation that is likely to revolutionise design and operation of most ship types and RoPax, in particular. A number of applications are considered in the paper for a range of ship sizes with impressive results that will challenge the cur- rent established practice.


BACKGROUND
Several lines of evidence suggest a tight association between oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in humans. The intake of antioxidants may influence Bone Mineral Density by acting as free radical scavengers, preventing oxidation-induced damage to bone cells.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to assess the association between the Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score and bone mineral density in a sample of healthy women.

METHODS
A total of 280 women were grouped into three major groups: women aged ≤ 35 years; women aged 36-45, and finally women aged >45 years. Calcaneous Bone Mineral Density (g/cm²) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Data on the eating habits of each participant were collected with a structured 24-hour diet recall questionnaire. A Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score was used to calculate antioxidant-nutrient intake.

RESULTS
A significant and positive association was observed among Bone Mineral Density and dietary intake of vitamin C and selenium. Zinc intake was significantly related to Bone Mineral Density in the youngest group. Low antioxidant consumers were considered individuals whose Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score was lower or equal than the median (3.5), and high antioxidant consumers were those whose Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score were higher than 3.5. Bone Mineral Density was higher in the participants defined as high antioxidant consumers in all aged groups.

CONCLUSION
The study showed that there is an association between Bone Mineral Density and the Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score in all the women studied. Therefore, new therapies for osteoporosis based on higher dietary antioxidant intakes might be developed basing on the results obtained in this study.