HRM (human resource management) is especially important in a knowledge-based economy, where ideas and expertise are greatly valued , and a creative and innovative workforce is necessary to meet the challenges of this new economy. Efficient and effective management of human capital is increasingly an imperative and complex process. As a result,there has been a considerable increase in the number of organizations gathering, storing ,and analyzing information regarding their HRs through the use of a software which is HRIS ( human resource information system ). The growing importance of HRIS is due to the recognition of HR practitioners that IT (information technology) and IS (information system) should be a part of HR functions mainly to develop and use better HRM programmes. This adoption of HRIS by organizations combined with the increasing sophistication of this software, presents the HR function with new challenges which demands the HR professionals to participate and contribute fully to their companies, as true strategic business partners. This study attempts to identify the effectiveness and the importance of the use of HRIS on the HR functions of an organization. It includes the top management, managers,and executive of HR working in manufacturing, service and IT sectors. Results provide insights into HRIS practice, its effects, effectiveness and shows that HRIS is of direct significance verifies completeness of the HR function and also provides HR professionals with opportunities to enhance their contribution to the strategic direction of the firm.


Audio recordings of meetings of two community groups in a deprived inner-city area were analysed, using discursive psychological and conversation analytic techniques to explore situated enactments of 'community'. Participants situated themselves as members of a geographical community, of an 'imagined' community and of other constitutive communities. A sense of community was enacted through five interactional strategies: Affirming moral codes, 'defending' other members, distinguishing insiders from outsiders, enacting empowerment and challenging institutions. Participants regularly employed emotional displays and affirmed moral positions, both to constitute 'community' and to take action in it. In so doing they worked up social capital and positioned community concerns in ways more reflective of their own situated values than of criminal law or government policy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is prevalent among elderly populations worldwide, and its mysterious pathogenesis has been discussed in the literature for decades. The issues remaining to be solved in regard to CSDH include the initiating events; the bleeding into the subdural space and the formation of the outer and inner membranes, its development; increase and liquefaction of hematoma, the optimal treatments, and the natural history. The pathophysiology is becoming more clear due to recent findings from computed tomography studies and human models of CSDH. In this work, we review previous studies on CSDH and present a new integrated concept about the development of this common condition after head injuries.


Pets have a positive influence on humans' physical and psychological wellbeing, as well as their close relationships. In general, people who hold a positive view of people in turn hold a favorable view of pets. Despite this, previous studies on the relationship between love toward people and love toward pets were inconclusive. In this study, we take a fresh look at the nexus of the domains of love and pets by exploring whether people's views of love with a romantic partner are associated with attitudes toward their pets. To answer this question, we administered scales to assess human love styles and attitudes toward pets. Participants completed measures on their attitudes toward romantic love, romantic relationship satisfaction, amount of social support, self-esteem, and attitudes toward pets. Human love styles assessed include Eros (passionate), Ludus (game-playing), Storge (friendship), Pragma (practical), Mania (obsessive), and Agape (selfless). Factor analyses of the pet attitudes measure revealed two factors—positive and negative attitudes toward pets. An erotic love style was linked to the endorsement of favorable pet attitudes, while a ludic love style was associated with the endorsement of unfavorable pet attitudes. Subsequent gender-specific correlations indicated that favorable pet attitudes were associated with high levels of social support for men, but low levels of support for women. Future research might address whether pets are instrumental in the development of love styles, whether love styles change after adoption of a pet, and if attitudes toward a romantic partner are similar to attitudes toward a particularly close companion animal.


As a leading effort to improve the welfare of smallholder farmers, several governments have led major reforms of improving market access for these farmers through online agricultural platforms. Leveraging collaboration with the state government of Karnataka, India, this paper provides the first empirical assessment on the impact of such a reform -- implementation of the Unified Market Platform (UMP) -- on market prices and farmers' profitability. UMP was created in 2014 to unify all trades in the agricultural wholesale markets of the state to be carried out within a single platform. By November 2019, 62.8 million metric tons of commodities valued at $21.7 billion (USD) have been traded on UMP. Employing a difference-in-differences method, we demonstrate that the impact of UMP on modal prices varies substantially across commodities. In particular, the implementation of UMP has yielded an average 5.1%, 3.6%, and 3.5% increase in the modal prices of paddy, groundnut, and maize. Furthermore, UMP has generated a greater benefit for farmers who produce higher-quality commodities. Given low profit margins of smallholder farmers (2%-9%), the range of profit improvement is significant (36%-159%). In contrast, UMP has no statistically significant impact on the modal prices of cotton, green gram, or tur. Utilizing detailed market data from UMP, we analyze how features related to logistical challenges, bidding efficiency, in-market concentration, and the price discovery process differ between commodities with and without a significant price increase due to UMP. These analyses lead to several policy insights regarding the design of similar agri-platforms in developing countries.


Neuropeptides are present in brain tissue as well as in cerebrospinal fluid. Studies from a variety of disciplines have demonstrated that neuropeptides have neuromodulatory activities. Such activities are apparent in the involvement of neuropeptides in the regulation of adaptive, autonomic, and endocrine functions of the brain. Neuropeptides exert their neuromodulating influences by acting as neurotransmitters or as neurohormones. The neurotransmitter function of neuropeptides is associated with their synthesis in situ in brain and anatomical distribution via neuropeptidergic fibre systems. The presence of such neuropeptides in cerebrospinal fluid may be due primarily to drainage into the cerebrospinal fluid compartments, their levels being a reflection of cellular processes such as biosynthesis, release, and metabolism. On the other hand, neuropeptides functioning as neurohormones may be actively delivered into the cerebrospinal fluid from central or peripheral sources. They employ the pathways of cerebrospinal fluid circulation as avenues of transport, and their cerebrospinal fluid levels may be functionally related to neurohormonal activity. In either case the cerebrospinal fluid levels are informative on the neuropeptide climate in brain; thus their determination is meaningful. The methodology for the sensitive and specific determination of neuropeptides is becoming available. Determination of neuropeptides may well be of diagnostic value in clinical practice.


Sheila Adams has been performing Appalachian ballads and telling stories for over twenty years. A native of Madison County, North Carolina, she was introduced to the tale-telling tradition by her great-aunt 'Granny,' well-known balladeer Dellie Chandler Norton. This collection of Adams's stories provides a rare portrait of a distinctive mountain community and charts the development of an artist's unique voice. The tales range from stories of heroic, sometimes fierce, mountain settlers to the comic adventures of local drifters and tricksters, from magical childhood encounters to adult rites of passage. We meet Bertha and the snake handlers, local preacher Manassey Fender (who 'looked like a pencil with a burr haircut, in a suit'), and Adams's beloved grandfather Breaddaddy, who taught her about life and death with an enchanting graveyard dance. But perhaps the most powerful character depicted here is 'Granny,' whom Adams calls 'the most exciting person I have ever known and the best teacher I would ever have.' By weaving these remembrances into her stories, Adams both preserves and extends a rich artistic heritage. |A history of Austrian anti-Semitism--and the Jewish responses to it--since the Middle Ages, with particular focus on the 1914-1938 period. This study identifies many sources and varieties of the anti-Semitism that has pervaded Austria.


AIMS
Left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (PVR) provides a robust, relatively load-insensitive evaluation of contractility and can be assessed non-invasively during exercise echo. Dobutamine might provide an exercise-independent alternative approach to assess inotropic reserve. The feasibility of a non-invasive estimation of PVR during dobutamine stress in the echo lab and its relationship with subsequent clinical events was assessed.

METHODS AND RESULTS
We enrolled 137 consecutive patients referred for dobutamine stress echo. To build the PVR, the force was determined at different heart rate increments during stepwise dobutamine infusion as the ratio of the systolic pressure/end-systolic volume index. The PVR at increasing heart rate was flat-biphasic in 65 and up-sloping in 72 patients: 42 patients underwent surgery and 95 patients were treated medically (median follow-up, 18 months; interquartile range, 12-24). Events occurred in 18 patients (death in eight, acute heart failure in 10); a flat-biphasic PVR was independent predictor of events (RR=10.16, P<0.01).

CONCLUSION
PVR is feasible during dobutamine stress. This index of global contractility is reasonably simple, does not affect the imaging time, and only minimally prolongs the off-line analysis time. It allows unmasking quite different, and heterogeneous, contractility reserve patterns underlying a given ejection fraction at rest. The best survival is observed in patients with up-sloping PVR, whereas flat-biphasic pattern is a strong predictor of cardiac events.


A single-spin asymmetry was measured in the azimuthal distribution of pi(+)pi(-) pairs produced in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering on a transversely polarized hydrogen target. For the first time, evidence is found for a correlation between the transverse target polarization and the azimuthal orientation of the plane containing the two pions. The corresponding single-spin asymmetry is expected to be related to the product of the little-known quark transversity distribution function and an unknown naive-T-odd chiral-odd dihadron fragmentation function.


To demonstrate the multistage induction launch capability and test the accuracy of the simulation result, a small-scale, 4-stage synchronous induction coilgun is designed, fabricated, and tested based on the simulation result. The four coils are stacked end-to-end, forming a barrel, and each coil is energized by the identical pulsed power supply in sequence to create a traveling magnetic wave that accelerates a projectile. The inductance of four coils is tailored by changing the number of turns in order to decrease the pulsed current risetime. The tracking of the projectile location during a launching provides a precise feedback to control when the coils are triggered to create the wave. Two types of the projectiles are tested. A 0.65-kg sleeve projectile is accelerated from rest to 125 m/s with a projectile kinetic energy to capacitor-stored energy efficiency of 6%. A 1-kilogram sleeve projectile is accelerated from rest to 92 m/s with the efficiency of 5%. The solenoid projectile is broken at the bending point when it induces high current. The launcher provides data for model verification and the engineering basis for proceeding with larger multistage system. Further research is to improve the system efficiency and maximize the magnetic coupling between the driving coil and the projectile.


This study examined royalty interest management strategy and cost of oil and gas production in the Nigerian Niger-Delta. The respondents were sixteen opinion leaders from two oil and gas bearing communities in Rivers State. The survey research design was adopted for the study. The spearman rank order correlation coefficient was used to test the hypotheses. Results indicated that there is a strong and significant relationship between royalty interest and oil and gas production; and there is a positive and significant relationship between resource control and Niger-Delta development. It was concluded that royalty interest is a source of revenue paid to a land owner by an oil and gas company for the drilling of oil and gas from his domain, which will make the land owner to freely allow the oil and gas company to continue the process of oil and gas production. It was recommended that revenue right of collecting royalty interest from the oil and gas companies should be accorded the Niger-Delta region so that oil and gas production will take place in the region without disruptions; the Niger-Delta should be accorded the right of resource control in order to enable them develop the region in every ramification.

 Key words: Royalty interest, management strategy, oil, gas.


AbstractChanges of the Asian summer monsoon in response to anthropogenic forcing are examined using observations and phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) multimodel, multirealization ensemble. In the twentieth century, CMIP5 models indicate a predominantly drying Asian monsoon, while in the twenty-first century under the representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario, monsoon rainfall enhances across the entire Asian domain. The thermodynamic and dynamic mechanisms causing the changes are evaluated using specific humidity and winds, as well as the moisture budget. The drying trend in the CMIP5 historical simulations and the wetting trend in the RCP8.5 projections can be explained by the relative importance of dynamic and thermodynamic contributions to the total mean moisture convergence. While the thermodynamic mechanism dominates in the future, the historical rainfall changes are dominated by the changes in circulation. The relative contributions of aerosols and greenh...


Newcomers to California could be forgiven for thinking they have crossed into treacherous terrain. By virtue of the state's Proposition 65 right-to-know law, store shelves and public garages everywhere announce, "WARNING: This [product/food/facility] contains chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer [or reproductive harm]." The proliferation of consumer warnings about toxic exposures in everyday life has made Prop 65 highly controversial, as has the degree to which the law incentivizes citizens to sue businesses for failure to warn. Both features make the law recurrently vulnerable to weakening in Sacramento and preemption in Washington, D.C.

Against this backdrop—and at a time when Prop 65 faces a live preemption threat in Congress—this Article tells a new story about the law's considerable benefits in reducing exposure to toxic chemicals. Looking beyond Prop 65's known direct effects in prompting warnings and enforcement suits, we use original archival research and qualitative interview data to identify hidden modes by which the law reduces toxic exposures in California and nationwide.

This Article presents evidence of three previously unexplored or under-explained mechanisms of salutary Prop 65 action, in: (1) spurring direct regulation of specific toxic chemicals; (2) seeding broad supplemental chemical regulatory regimes; and (3) disseminating information about toxic chemicals in previously information-poor business-to-business and consumer marketplaces, with transformative effects on commerce. We conclude that assessing these modes of action is necessary to any fair evaluation of the merits of Prop 65.


Conventional analytical methods used to determine the most economical farmer-based harvest system and corresponding nutrient management strategy for producing switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) feedstock do not consider agronomic and subsequent economic problems associated with soil nutrient mining. The objective of this study was to determine the long-term, economically sustainable harvest system and corresponding rates of N, P and K for producing switchgrass feedstock in the southern Great Plains. Data collected from a four-year, two-location agronomic field trial in south-central Oklahoma were used for analyses that included two harvest systems, including (1) a single cut after a hard freeze, after plant senescence (WNTR), and a summer cut at plant maturity in July followed by a second cut after a hard freeze, after plant senescence (SMWNTR). Each system received 0, 45, 90, 135, 179, and 224 kg of N ha-1 yr-1, and received 67 and 135 kg ha-1 yr-1 of P2O5, and K2O, respectively. A standard forage analysis was used to determine the concentrations of N, P and K nutrients in the feedstock harvested from each plot in each year and location and converted to N, P2O5 and K2O (kg ha-1) equivalents. These data were used to determine the extent of soil nutrient mining or nutrient remobilization for each harvest system. Two separate econometric models were estimated and used with enterprise budgeting techniques to compare the effects of harvest system and nutrient levels on yield and economic net return. Model 1 represents the conventional economic approach that uses the fertilizer treatments applied in the experiment. Model 2 reflects the long-term, economic sustainability approach and uses the nutrient concentration levels calculated from the switchgrass forage samples collected in the study. For a farm-gate feedstock price of $83 Mg-1 and nutrients priced at 2012 market rates, the results showed that it was economically sustainable to harvest only once after a hard freeze (i.e., the WNTR system) and apply 84, 28 and 50 kg ha-1 yr-1 of N, P2O5 and K2O, respectively. For this base-case scenario, farmers earned $79 ha-1 more net return with the economic sustainability approach compared to the results generated from the conventional economic approach. However, the comparative results between the two economic approaches are quite sensitive to the assumptions about yield response to nutrient concentration levels and assumptions about the percentage of nutrients remobilized in the WNTR system that are actually available for reuse by switchgrass plants.


The content, format, and level of ambiguity in the Domesday statistics can vary from county to county. These Statistics Notes aim to provide the information essential to their understanding for each county. The topics discussed are: Previous studies; Domesday circuits; the Domesday county; Duplicates; Boroughs; Geld (tax); Ploughlands; Ploughteams; Population; Woodland; Meadow; Pasture; Values; Waste. The file concludes with the aggregated totals of the major statistics for the county, together with the totals compiled by previous authors, plus notes attempting to explain the discrepancies between these and our own totals.


The article deals with the usage of the paradox in the family consulting by social worker. Social worker receives invitation to work with more than one person at the same time very often, and very often the object of such multi-personal help is a small and specific group - a family. On the one hand, there would be no time for social worker to know the family better and/or to make the personal close relationship with family members, on the other hand, the family would have no motivation to solve its problems independently or to change something in the family. Under such circumstances the usage of proper method in family consulting becomes the matter of great importance for social worker. The method of paradox would be recommended. The paradoxical communication with problem family can help to soothe the family members, to discuss and express the symptom, and to stimulate new actions. The paradox could be used by such means: neutral answer to emotional statement, permission to act symptomatically, stimulation of delay of decision making, permission to stay in crisis, prohibition to do what no one wants to do, prediction of symptom's recurrence, overestimation of symptom's meaning, positive estimation of symptom, stimulation of symptom behavior, request to teach symptom behavior, connect symptom behavior and positive behavior. Methods of simulation of symptom, prescribed inactivity, reframing, metaphor, responsibility for symptom, and supporting of role are discussed in the article. The application of methods in practice is also presented.


AbstractBackground: The company that this report addresses is, at time for investigation, in the midst ofa change in organizational culture, where two departments with different core competencies arebrought together into one. The purpose of this study is to review the potential problems that mayoccur in the change process when one or more subcultures come into conflict with organizationalgoals.Purpose and methodology: The reason for performing this study and the objectives are toexamine how subcultures influence and respond to organizational changes. The survey isconducted with a bottom-up approach in which participation in daily activities with thesubgroups is the foundation. The management's perspective has been omitted in consideration ofpast literature in the field where focus most often has been on their thoughts and views on theprocess of organizational change. The method used is participant observation and interviews.Results and Conclusion: Subcultures exist and they do affect an organizational change. It isunclear in what direction - subcultures can both promote and inhibit change. In this case theprocess of change where inhibited because of some uncertainty within the subgroups. This canbe addressed through improved communication, both vertically and horizontally. One shouldtake into account that organizational culture and organizational change is an extremely complexprocesses. Management are trained and well equipped for this complexity, but workers oftenhave little information and few tools to manage communication regarding the uncertainty thatmay arise. Increased knowledge and understanding in the organization leads to subcultures thatare more communicative and easy to alter, which in turn leads to more effective organizational change


The uniqueness of IP addresses assigned to member nodes in MANETs is confirmed with a Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) method. But DAD often faces flooding issues which is addressed with a routing integrated protocol also called as Passive Duplicate Address Detection (PDAD) schemes. Although the existing scheme proves to be beneficial in terms of route processing time and overhead in the nodes they induce high complexity during integration. The paper presents a routing integrated and proficient approach for address autoconfiguration called the Enhanced Passive Duplicate Address Detection (EPDAD). The EPDAD employs a light weight and hastier technique for DAD. The EPDAD scheme uses a Bloom filter for compact storage of stateful information and easy retrieval during DAD. So as soon as the duplicates are detected by Bloom filters, it provokes routing integrated DAD procedures. The EPDAD and an existing scheme are simulated to study the performance of the schemes. The results prove that the EPDAD scheme has minimum DAD time, route processing delay and packet losses compared to the existing scheme.


In polyglutamine (polyQ)-mediated disorders, the expansion of translated CAG repeats in the disease genes result in long polyQ tracts in their respective proteins, leading to intracellular accumulation of aggregated polyQ proteins, production of reactive oxygen species, and cell death. The molecular chaperones act in preventing protein misfolding and aggregation, thus inhibiting a wide range of harmful downstream events. In the circumstance of accumulation of aggregated polyQ proteins, the autophagic pathway is induced to degrade the misfolded or aggregated proteins. In this study, we used Flp-In 293/SH-SY5Y cells with inducible SCA3 ATXN3/Q75-GFP expression to test the effect of indole and synthetic derivatives for neuroprotection. We found that ATXN3/Q75 aggregation can be significantly prohibited in Flp-In 293 cells by indole and derivative NC001-8. Meanwhile, indole and NC001-8 up-regulated chaperones and autophagy in the same cell models. Both of them further promote neurite outgrowth in neuronal differentiated SH-SY5Y ATXN3/Q75-GFP cells. Our results demonstrate how indole and derivative NC001-8 are likely to work in reduction of polyQ-aggregation and provide insight into the possible effectual mechanism of indole compounds in polyQ spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) patients. These findings may have therapeutic applications in a broad range of clinical situations.


Abstract.— The disposable soma theory suggests that aging occurs because natural selection favors a strategy in which fewer resources are invested in somatic maintenance than are necessary for indefinite survival. However, laboratory rodents on calorie‐restricted diets have extended life spans and retarded aging. One hypothesis is that this is an adaptive response involving a shift of resources during short periods of famine away from reproduction and toward increased somatic maintenance. The potential benefit is that the animal gains an increased chance of survival with a reduced intrinsic rate of senescence, thereby permitting reproductive value to be preserved for when the famine is over. We describe a mathematical life‐history model of dynamic resource allocation that tests this idea. Senescence is modeled as a change in state that depends on the resources allocated to maintenance. Individuals are assumed to allocate the available resources to maximize the total number of descendants. The model shows that the evolutionary hypothesis is plausible and identifies two factors, both likely to exist, that favor this conclusion. These factors are that survival of juveniles is reduced during periods of famine and that the organism needs to pay an energetic "overhead" before any litter of offspring can be produced. If neither of these conditions holds, there is no evolutionary advantage to be gained from switching extra resources to maintenance. The model provides a basis to evaluate whether the life‐extending effects of calorie‐restriction might apply in other species, including humans.


A new iris recognition system based on Wavelet Packet Analysis is described. The most unique phenotypic feature visible in a person's face is the detailed texture of each eye's iris. The visible texture of a person's iris is encoded into a compact sequence of 2-D wavelet packet coefficients, which generate an "iris code". Two different iris codes are compared using exclusively OR comparisons. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-resolution approach based on Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT) for iris texture analysis and recognition. The development of this approach is motivated by the observation that dominant frequencies of iris texture are located in the low and middle frequency channels. With an adaptive threshold, WPT sub images coefficients are quantized into 1, 0 or −1 as iris signature. This signature presents the local information of different irises. By using different wavelet packets the size of the iris signature of code attained was 1080 bits. The signature of the new iris pattern is compared against the stored pattern after computing the signature of new iris pattern. Identification is performed by computing the hamming distance.


Four surface antigens previously recognized only in macrophages are present on human small cell lung carcinoma cells and tumors. Cancerous cells may arise from macrophage precursors in bone marrow, and these precursors migrate to lung to participate in the repair of damaged tissue produced by continuous heavy smoking. The characteristic presence of neuropeptides such as bombesin in small cell carcinoma, when considered along with these findings, presents new possibilities for the role of such peptides in nervous, endocrine, and immune system function.


Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced protein 8-like 2 (TNFAIP8L2, TIPE2) is a novel anti-inflammatory factor involved in maintaining immune homeostasis. Accumulating evidence has also shown that TIPE2 displays tumor-suppressive effects in several tumor types. Previous studies revealed that TIPE2 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis by repressing Ral and Rac1 GTPases. However, its antimetastatic activity and underlying mechanism in other human cancers is largely unknown. We investigated TIPE2 in AGS, HGC-27 and SGC-7901 human gastric cancer cells compared with GES-1 normal human gastric mucous epithelial cells. We demonstrated that TIPE2 was expressed in GES-1 gastric mucous epithelial cells but lost in all three types of gastric cancer cells. We then performed a gain-offunction study by adenovirus-mediated TIPE2 overexpression (AdVTIPE2) and investigated the effects of TIPE2 on migration and invasion of AGS human gastric cancer cells. Wound healing and Transwell invasion assays showed that forced expression of TIPE2 markedly suppressed the gastric cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro. Mechanistically, TIPE2 remarkably reduced the total levels of pAKT, pGSK3β and β-catenin as well as the nuclear level of β-catenin in gastric cancer cells. The TIPE2-elicited antimetastatic effect in gastric cancer was closely associated with the inhibition of AKT signaling and enhancement of GSK3β activity followed by the degradation and decreased translocation to nucleus of β-catenin. These results provide the first compelling evidence that TIPE2 suppresses gastric cancer metastasis via downregulating β-catenin signaling through inhibiting AKT and activating GSK3β, indicating that TIPE2 is a promising therapeutic target for human gastric cancer metastasis.


An annotated list of birds sighted by Peter Petersen and others. This item was used as supporting documentation for the Iowa Ornithologists' Union Quarterly field report of Spring 1994.


We experimentally demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, the generation of correlated photon pairs in a liquid-core photonic crystal fiber. Moreover, we show that, thanks to the specific Raman properties of liquids, the Raman noise (which is the main limitation of the performance of silica-core fiber-based correlated photon pair sources) is highly reduced. With a demonstrated coincident-to-accidental ratio equal to 63 and a pair generation efficiency of about 10−4 per pump pulse, this work contributes to the development of high-quality correlated photon pair sources for quantum communications.


Many exoskeletons today are primarily tested in controlled, steady-state laboratory conditions that are un-realistic representations of their real-world usage in which walking conditions (e.g., speed, slope, and stride length) change constantly. One potential solution is to detect these changing walking conditions online using Bayesian state estimation to deliver assistance that continuously adapts to the wearer's gait. This paper investigates such an approach in silico, aiming to understand 1) which of the various Bayesian filter assumptions best match the problem, and 2) which gait parameters can be feasibly estimated with different combinations of sensors available to different exoskeleton configurations (pelvis, thigh, shank, and/or foot). Our results suggest that the assumptions of the Extended Kalman Filter are well suited to accurately estimate phase, stride frequency, stride length, and ramp inclination with a wide variety of sparse sensor configurations.


(Received 26 February 2011 ; in final form 6 July 2011) Abstract We consider the Lorentz violating extension of the standard model introduced by D. Colladay and V. A. Kostelecky. In this framework, we obtain all Feynman rules for the electroweak part of the standard model extension (SME), for the first time. Among the new obtained interactions one finds new vertices for the Higgs boson that is interesting in the phenomenology of the Higgs particle.


The history of Orientalism and the studies it has accomplished through its stages of Arab and Islamic history will remain with what it has and what it is subject to controversy, as well as questioning and reviewing by Arab researchers and scholars whose critical positions have varied towards it.
From this perspective, we find that Muhammad Abed Al-Jabri, who was known for his high methodological discipline in his approach to his subjects, was aware of the limitations of the vision and method in his criticism of the discourse and forward-thinking thought, and this awareness led him to crystallize a set of methodological steps that he took in his treatment of the phenomenon of Orientalism.
This means that, according to Al-Jabri, Orientalism, regardless of its old / modern / contemporary / time, is in one way or another considered one of the most important tributaries of Western culture. This culture, in its view, is loaded with ideological contents, and at the same time it is directed to reshape the mentality of Arab and Islamic public opinion more than it is directed to the Western public. The field of heritage or orientalism in terms of reading, understanding and interpretation is based on three pillars: criticism, rooting and reconstruction, the double critique of the Arab and Western minds, the creative rooting of the methodological tools used to analyze the Arab mind, and the reconstruction of heritage in light of the two previous pillars to restore anew. The aforementioned strategic tasks cannot be accomplished without a new vision and a new approach.
And from the results of the research, it can be said, based on the foregoing, that if the criticism of the forward-looking thought of Al-Jabri is in one of its aspects an attempt to strengthen the Arab self and its peculiarity and not falling into the subordination or intellectual domination of the West, then the matter does not mean here his call for the establishment of the project of surprise as a title for such a confrontation between The East and the West, but that this criticism goes beyond this horizon that a number of Arab researchers have called and looked at. Al-Jabri's criticism of Orientalism and that it bears the concern of preserving the Arab self from the alienation of the other, but the dimensions of the independence of this self are not achieved in his view except on the basis of a conscious and dialectical understanding of contemporary authenticity and this Duality, one of its sides, is to define a conscious and critical understanding of the relationship between East and West, especially since contemporary in Al-Jabri's view only comes with a double criticism of how we deal with both Arab and Western thought. Therefore, he says, "Liberation from subordination to the other can only be achieved through action. In order to be free from dependence on the past, we are in our past. In other words, liberation from fascination, rather the alienation in the culture of the West can only take place through it - and with - liberation from the domination of heritage ... that liberation from the West - and we are It happened here in the Department of Culture and Thought - which means dealing with it critically, that is, entering into a critical dialogue with his culture, which is increasing globally. By reading it in its history, understanding its statements and concepts in relativism, as well as identifying the foundations of its progress and working to cultivate it in our cultural soil, which is particularly rationality and critical spirit.


It has been acknowledged in Mexico that there is a need to increase the infrastructure for the adequate management of hazardous wastes, and therefore hazardous waste management decision-making needs to be improved. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a component for granting permission for, and the licensing of, waste treatment and disposal facilities in many countries. In Mexico, EIA is considered an important instrument of environmental policy; however, its practice and effectiveness in decision making has been questioned. Studies about the influence of EIA in decision making have analysed effects of EIA on decisions prior to formal application and during the EIA process concluding that EIA has limited or weak influence in decision making. EIA was founded on the rational model of decision making, which assumes that EIA is a process for generating, organising, and communicating information. However, it has been advanced that environmental assessment based on the rational model of decision making is inadequate to determine EIA's influence. Thus, research regarding the different models of EIA and its influence could provide guidance to increase the effect of EIA on decision making. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to critically evaluate the influence of EIA on the decision-making process for Hazardous Waste Management Facilities (HWMF) in Mexico. A case study research design and a qualitative research strategy (semi-structured interviews and documents) were used. During the different stages of decision making for HWMF different theoretical models of EIA and potential outcomes were identified. The theoretical models of EIA identified include the information processing, participation, institutional, political economy, and symbolic politics. The findings in this research indicate that the rational decision making model was limited at explaining how decision making occurred. Rather, decision making for HWMF was similar to the bounded rationality, incrementalism, and mixed-scanning theoretical model. Thus, recommendations are made for increasing the opportunity for EIA to influence decision making and for improving the Mexican EIA system. Chapter 1: Introduction and overview 1 1.1 Objective and aims of the thesis 1 1.2 Thesis outline 2 Chapter 2: Hazardous wastes, hazardous waste management, and hazardous wastes in Mexico 5 2.


Responses of the lower thermospheric temperature to the 9 day and 13.5 day oscillations of recurrent geomagnetic activity and solar EUV radiation have been investigated using neutral temperature data observed by the TIMED/SABER (Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) instrument and numerical experiments by the NCAR‐TIME‐GCM (National Center for Atmospheric Research–thermosphere‐ionosphere‐mesosphere electrodynamics–general circulation model). The TIMED/SABER data analyzed were for the period from 2002 to 2007 during the declining phase of solar cycle 23. The observations show that the zonal mean temperature in the lower thermosphere oscillated with periods of near 9 and 13.5 days in the height range of 100–120 km. These oscillations were more strongly correlated with the recurrent geomagnetic activity than with the solar EUV variability of the same periods. The 9 day and 13.5 day oscillations of lower thermospheric temperature had greater amplitudes at high latitudes than at low latitudes; they also had larger amplitudes at higher altitudes, and the oscillations could penetrate down to ~105 km, depending on the strength of the recurrent geomagnetic activity for a particular time period. The data further show that the periodic responses of the lower thermospheric temperature to recurrent geomagnetic activity were different in the two hemispheres. In addition, numerical experiments have been carried out using the NCAR‐TIME‐GCM to investigate the causal relationship between the temperature oscillations and the geomagnetic activity and solar EUV variations of the same periods. Model simulations showed the same periodic oscillations as those seen in the observations when the real geomagnetic activity index, Kp, was used to drive the model. These numerical results show that recurrent geomagnetic activity is the main cause of the 9 day and 13.5 day variations in the lower thermosphere temperature, and the contribution from solar EUV variations is minor. Furthermore, we also found that consecutive coronal mass ejection events could cause long‐duration enhancements in the lower thermospheric temperature that strengthen the 9 day and 13.5 day signals, and this kind of phenomenon mostly occurred between 2002 and 2005 during the declining phase of solar cycle 23.


Proteins are dynamic molecules. They flex in space, adopting many different spatial configurations while performing their function and evolve over time, changing their amino acid composition in response to changing fitness landscapes. The thesis of this dissertation is that this inherent variability of proteins can be modeled by structurally sparse representations. These sparse models can then be used to efficiently reason about the properties of the protein by the means of algorithms that exploit their sparsity. This dissertation develops the first Probabilistic Graphical Model that models the entire protein across spatial configurations (GOBLIN). By compactly encoding and manipulating a probability distribution over an exponentially large space, and using statistical inference algorithms that exploit structural sparsity, GOBLIN is able to compute experimentally measurable properties of protein interactions quickly and accurately.
We then develop a method of learning generative models of amino acid composition of evolutionarily related protein families (GREMLIN) that captures dependencies between sequential and long-range pairs of positions in the protein. GREMLIN is vastly more accurate than existing statistical models based on Hidden Markov Models; by effectively utilizing a distributed map-reduce framework, it also presents a scalable alternative to these extant approaches.
Building on these two contributions, this dissertation develops a game-theoretic approach to drug design (GAMUT). GAMUT determines the affects of a change in the fitness landscape on the composition of the protein. GAMUT can be used to design drug cocktails that remain effective against natural possible mutant variants of the target. Towards this, GAMUT develops a novel algorithm that bounds properties of the Correlated Equilibria of Graphical Games based on outer relaxations to the marginal polytope.


In this essay, we conduct an ancestral genealogy of the term "arrivant" through Kumina ceremony. A spiritual and ceremonial practice based in Jamaica, Kumina is, as Kamau Brathwaite describes, a living  fragmentation of an African religion which arrived in the Caribbean through the Middle Passage. On arrival, Kumina retained its ancestral remembrance and its Central African Indigeneity. The tidal intimacies of Kumina have a relation to Imogene "Queenie" Kennedy, known by Kamau Brathwaite, in the title-inspired epigraph to The Arrivants: A New World Trilogy (1973), as Kumina Queen. Originally based in St. Thomas and later Kingston, Jamaica, Kennedy's role in her community as a Kumina Queen exemplifies the intimacies and relationalities among African and Taino Indigeneities. Through her life and her Word, this paper will consider how "arrivant" continues to be an honorific for Central African ancestors who arrived in Jamaica as liminally enslaved and indentured.


The aim of this study is to inform social workers working in the field, Social Work professional communities (national and international), professionals from other disciplines and social work students, about the history of social work education in Turkey, its' educational levels, curriculum structure, duration, application requirements and immediate situation and future, besides to increase their knowledge about being aware of the risks of the future of the profession. Social work education in the world started in the United States and European countries in early 1900s while in Turkey it started in 1961. The Academy of Social Work which was founded under the Ministry of Health and Social Aid in 1961 graduated its first class in 1965. Another department was also started within Hacettepe University in 1967 and in 1983. The two departments were merged under the name of Social Work College in Hacettepe University. Hacettepe University Social Work College has the feature of being the only department training in the field of social work from 1983 to 2002. The second social work education department was opened under Baskent University in Ankara and has the feature of being the first social work education department among private universities. Social work education which was started in 1961 was given at the level of bachelor degree until 2002 in Turkey. Since 1983, master's degree (opened in 1983) and doctoral program (opened in 1987) of "Social Work" were opened in the Department of Social Work under the Institute of Social Sciences at Hacettepe University (Karataş & Erkan, 2005) and has graduated many students until today. That the number of masters and doctoral programs remain limited with only one university caused to fall behind to meet the needs of academicians. Today in Turkey, social work education is given at associate, bachelor's (formal education and open education), master and doctoral degree. Currently there are 193 universities in Turkey. By the end June, 2017, 50 universities have two-year degree programs (Associate), 58 universities have bachelor's degree program as formal education and 21 universities have master's degree programs (17 of thesis, 9 of non-thesis) and 7 universities have doctoral programs. Social work education in Turkey universities is generic and its aim is to produce graduates with skills in a considerable range of practice settings. Issues such as, the historical progress of social work education, the immediate situation of social work at associate, bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees, application numbers, application requirements and its curriculum were dealt with. In the discussion part, social work education, the profession, social workers and the risk factors believed to affect the future of the profession were also discussed. In the conclusion part, a general assessment was made.


Efficacy trials use highly controlled designs under "ideal conditions". Once demonstrated, interventions can be translated into the community and the "real-world" effectiveness is examined to optimize their potential public health impact. Small Steps for Big Changes (SSBC) is a diabetes prevention program that has been translated into the community and is currently being run out of the local YMCA. SSBC is a theory-based three-week program consisting of one-on-one exercise and diet counselling, and supervised exercise training. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the community-based SSBC program in reducing a variety of diabetes risk factors six months post-intervention. Participants with prediabetes (N=90, 71% female, Mage = 42.7 ± 5.6 years) completed the following measures pre-, post- and six months post-program: self-report physical activity and food frequency measure, weight, waist circumference, and a six-minute walk test. From pre-program to six-months post-program: Weight decreased (?-3.37kg), waist circumference decreased (?-4.19cm), and six-minute walk distance increased (?+6.8%). There were significant improvements observed in self-reported physical activity and food frequency. The effects observed from pre- to the six-month post-program were small to moderate (Cohen's ds from .14 to .56). Preliminary evaluation suggests that the SSBC counselling program is effective at promoting diet and physical activity behaviours to help reduce their risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Continued evaluation is required to determine whether the community-based SSBC program produces changes in clinically relevant outcomes (i.e., A1C) one year following the three-week program.Acknowledgments: Diabetes Canada and Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research postdoctoral awards


Atmospheric aerosol droplets containing NH4 + and SO4 2 ions are precursors of cirrus ice clouds. However, the low-temperature phase transformation of such droplets is not understood yet. Here we show for the first time that micrometre-scaled (NH4)2SO4/H2O droplets produce one freezing event but three melting events which are the melting of (i) pure ice, (ii) eutectic ice/(NH4)2SO4, and (iii) eutectic ice/(NH4)3H(SO4)2. We also find that the melting of ice/(NH4)3H(SO4)2 consists of two eutectic melting events, presumably ice/letovicite-II and ice/letovicite-III.


an episode, Mazzuchi etal have demonstrated that a persistent decrease in verbal IQ can occur.2 We have conducted a prospective analysis of 29 patients with transient global amnesia. The mean age of the patients at the time of their episode was 60 9 years (+8 0). All criteria for the diagnosis of transient global amnesia were present at the time of the episode: (1) transient amnesic attack with no direct relation to cranial trauma, (2) evidence given by a witness of the inability to form new memories, (3) repetitive queries, (4) apparently normal behaviour and orientation, (5) evidence given by a witness of normal long-term memory and (6) presence of retrograde amnesia at least during the episode. These criteria, more restrictive than those of other authors,3 rule out other possible causes. The patients were submitted to the Wechsler Bellevue Intelligence Scale six months after admission. A group of 29 control subjects with a mean age of 61-8 years (±+6.9) were submitted to the


In this paper we empirically analyse two counterfactual situations facing an anti-trust authority following the merger of two of the largest international cigarette companies. First we estimate a nested logit model of demand for cigarettes. The implied elasticity of demand for smoking and implied marginal costs are both broadly consistent with the limited independent estimates available. We then use the model to simulate the proposed merger and the partial divestiture that was accepted by the Australian anti-trust authority. A comparison of the relative price changes predicted by the divestiture simulation with the actual post-divestiture price changes shows the model successfully anticipated the behaviour of the divested brands. This suggests structural econometric analysis using a nested logit may be usefully utilised by anti-trust authorities to assess the welfare implications of proposed mergers and partial divestitures.


The DSTATCOM (distribution static synchronous compensator) is one of the custom power device that can regulate the voltage. DSTATCOM operated as a shunt connected static VAr compensator whose capacitive or inductive output current can be controlled independent of the system voltage. And the magnitude of compensated voltage is limited by characteristics of system and load. Compensation capability of DSTATCOM which can inject 1 MVAR reactive power was simulated by EMTDC under several condition. This paper analyzed effect of DSTATCOM's compensation considering length and kind of distribution line, power factor and magnitude of load, duration and magnitude of voltage variation


New fossil collections from two Callovian (Middle Jurassic) localities of the South Hungarian Villány Hills (Villány, Templom Hill Quarry and Siklós, Rózsa Quarry) include specimens of the rare ammonite genus Phlycticeras and the sporadic Oecoptychius. A review is given herein on the previously published and newly found Villány specimens. Dimorphism, as well as the palaeogeographical distribution of the genera, is also briefly discussed.


Solid tumors are frequently infiltrated by large numbers of non-cancerous hematopoietic cells, including macrophages. The pro-tumor or anti-tumor role of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment is unclear. Tumors are also characterized by regions of low oxygen tension. Mammalian cells respond transcriptionally to low oxygen tension via the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1alpha, which upregulates genes involved in glycolysis, angiogenesis, and cell survival. Previous work has shown that myeloid cells deficient for HIF-1alpha are impaired in their inflammatory responses. To genetically test the role of the myeloid hypoxic response mediated by HIF- 1alpha in the tumor microenvironment, we used the loxP/ tissue specifc cre recombianse to generate murine myeloid specific deletion of HIF-1alpha in rodents with an established transgenic model of breast cancer, MMTV-PyMT. Lack of HIF-1alpha in the tumor microenvironment resulted in tumors with less mass, but with increased cell death. Enzyme activities of iNOS and ArgI were reduced in whole tumor lysates. In vitro experiments demonstrated HIF-1 alpha, not HIF-2alpha, control of L-arginine degrading enzymes iNOS and arginase I. Further characterization of the relationship between macrophages and tumor cells using co-culture strategies revealed that tumor cells induce ArgI in a HIF-1alpha and hypoxia dependent fashion at the protein level. iNOS was detected at the RNA level after co -culture with MECs, but was scarcely detectable at the protein level. ArgI and iNOS have been implicated in T cell immunosuppression. PyMT tumor bearing mice displayed evidence of T cell activation, yet T cells isolated from myeloid HIF WT tumors were less responsive than those from myeloid HIF KO tumors after stimulation with CD3/28 ex vivo. We propose myeloid HIF-1alpha contributes to local tumor immunosuppression of T cell function. This suggests inhibition of HIF-1 may have beneficial effects not only by blocking tumor growth and survival under hypoxia, but also by relieving myeloid cell mediated immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment


Objective: Assisted reproductive technology is an established infertility treatment which is not routinely covered by most health insurance programs including the health insurance program for the United States Department of Defense (DOD); TRICARE. The purpose of this study is to examine patient opinions regarding assisted reproductive services and insurance coverage in the military health care system. Methods: An anonymous, randomly distributed cross-sectional survey of patients presenting for care at five different outpatient clinics was completed at Madigan Army Medical Center from February to May 2015. The surveys queried patients on insurance coverage for in-vitro fertilization. In addition, demographic data was obtained for each respondent. Chi-square, Student's t-test, and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. A P value of 0.05 was considered significant. Results: 598 surveys were distributed with 527 completed and returned (88%). 59% of respondents believe that TRICARE should cover some portion of advanced reproductive treatments, and 69% of respondents would support coverage even if there were an increased personal cost associated with providing this coverage regardless of whether they had a personal need for this service. In addition, more respondents from the infertility clinic (75%) supported TRICARE coverage of advanced reproductive technology to those from other clinics (55%). Respondents under age 40 (72%) supported TRICARE insurance coverage of advanced reproductive technology compared to those (44.7% of respondents) aged 41 or greater. Conclusion: Among DOD beneficiaries surveyed, a majority support insurance benefits for advanced reproductive technologies.


Prior to implementing computerised pattern alterations for figuration on a commercial CAD system, a large database with reference to the standard graded patterns, the alteration movements and relevant information needs to be generated. There are many difficulties in creating grade rules and alteration movements, especially for the bust suppression and the shaped sleeve. In order to obtain sophisticated patterns with a good fit for MTM (made‐to‐measure) clothing, the authors' pattern alteration technique is a combination of pattern design construction and grading. The procedure is divided into ten stages and the practical verification was carried out in the form of seven case studies. In addition, drafting rules on the MicroFit system for automatic pattern generation are demonstrated by converting the numerical grade rules created on the GGT AccuMark system into body‐related formulae.


Abstract Democratisation is hailed as a pathway to peace by some, yet, blamed for provoking renewed violence by others. Can democracy aid explain the effect of democratisation after civil war? Building upon findings that transitions to democracy are prone to violence, this article shows that external democracy aid can mitigate such negative effects. It is the first to disaggregate democracy aid and analyse its effect on peace after civil war. To this end, it uses a configurational approach and focuses on support for competition (for example, promoting free and fair elections), institutional constraints (for example, strengthening the judiciary), and cooperation (for example, facilitating reconciliation). Combining Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) with an illustrative case study on Liberia, it demonstrates that democracy aid can help to prevent recurrence during postconflict democratisation. Two pathways can explain peaceful democratisation: first, fostering 'cooperative democratisation' characterised by substantial support for cooperation in lower-risk contexts; and second, fostering 'controlled competition' by combining substantial support for institutional constraints and competition. Importantly, democracy support does not trigger renewed violence. These findings speak to the academic debate on the destabilising potential of democratisation processes after civil wars and inform policymakers designing postconflict support strategies.


The influence of methods for converting torsion data (torque, number of turns and speed rotation) into equivalent variables (true stress, true strain and true strain rate) on the Garofalo equation parameters is studied. Torsion tests for a high strength low alloy steel at temperatures in the range 900 to 1150°C and strain rates in the range 0.5 to 30 s-1 were conducted. The flow behavior of the material was analyzed by means of the Garofalo equation which is especially adequate for the correlation of torsion data in wide ranges of temperatures and strain rates. The Garofalo equation was fitted at different strains: from peak strain to a value of strain where a steady-state is assumed. The parameters of this equation, A, Q, n, , were determined by the RCR method which does not need initial values and provides coefficients indicating the quality of the fitting. Finally, the Garofalo equation parameters were related to creep mechanisms operating in this steel.


In short, in democratic societies, negotiation processes play a crucial role in policy-making and have the power to shape the results, as well as to influence their choice and how they are implemented. This point has been increasingly widely recognized in recent decades. For example, in the United States, a series of legislative initiatives and decrees, including the Negotiated Rulemaking Act of 1990, call on state bodies to define rules and procedures for negotiated "rule-making." However, the role of negotiation in the policy cycle is often only implicitly recognized. It would be possible in this article to conceptualize a model recognizing the importance of negotiation theory and negotiating ca-pabilities during the basic phases of the policy development cycle.


The Project "Investigating Queensland's Cultural Landscapes: CONTESTED TERRAINS" was funded by ARC-SPIRT grant (1997-1999). The participants in this project included members of the Cultural Landscape Research Unit (QUT) with the industry partner being the Queensland Government's Environmental Protection Agency (Cultural Heritage Branch). An ePrint for this item is available at http://eprints.qut.edu.au/7071/


The study aims to assess the real-world incidence of hypoglycemia in patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Egypt cohort of the International Operations Hypoglycemia Assessment Tool (IO HAT) study.

 This is a non-interventional study to estimate hypoglycemia in eligible patients with T1DM or T2DM, aged ≥18 years and treated with insulin for >12 months, who have completed self-assessment questionnaires to record demography, treatment information, and hypoglycemia during the 6-month/4-week retrospective and 4-week prospective periods. Data on hypoglycemia for this sub-analysis were collected from DM patients of Egyptian cohort who were recruited in IO HAT study across 36 sites in Egypt between 22 Nov 2014 and 15 Apr 2015.

 Percentage of patients who reported at least one hypoglycemic event in the prospective period was any: T1DM: 96.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 89.6%, 99.2%) and T2DM: 93.1% (95% CI: 89.8%, 95.6%) and severe: T1DM: 67.5% (95% CI: 56.1%, 77.6%) and T2DM: 64.2% (95% CI: 58.7%, 69.4%). An estimated rate of any and severe hypoglycemia in the prospective period was 63.3 (95% CI: 57.2, 69.9) events per patient year (PPY) and 28.9 (95% CI: 24.8, 33.4) events PPY, respectively, for patients with T1DM and 32.0 (95% CI: 29.8, 34.3) events PPY and 15.5 (95% CI: 14.0, 17.1) events PPY, respectively, for patients with T2DM. Hypoglycemic rate was independent of glycated hemoglobin levels.

 The self-reported hypoglycemia data from Egypt confirms that hypoglycemia is under-reported. The high impact of hypoglycemia on the Egyptian DM patients and healthcare system warrants patient education to prevent hypoglycemia.


In project marketing research, there is limited understanding of the mechanisms of how central project marketing actions lead to success and good business performance of the project-based firm. The purpose of this conceptual paper is to extend our understanding of the (1) content and repertoire of (competitive) actions along the project marketing process, and (2) the (causal) mechanisms leading to desired project and business outcomes in project marketing. We then propose an approach for uncovering causal mechanisms by utilizing historical narratives to transcend the inadequacies related to the regulatory theory of explanation, and thus explore the possibility to open the 'black boxes' of constant conjunctions in open systems in project marketing.


Following the amendments put forward by the European Parliament in February, a good compromise is in sight to move forward on the Commission's proposal for a Services Directive, which is intended to serve as a cornerstone of the ailing Lisbon strategy to revive growth and jobs in the EU. In this new CEPS Policy Brief, Stefano Micossi, Director General of Assonime, reviews the Commission's proposal and the Parliament's position, against the background of the present situation without the directive. He concludes that if the Parliament can be persuaded to backtrack on some amendments he feels would be especially detrimental, the revised directive can be an effective instrument in bringing down existing barriers in the Internal Market, and therefore it deserves support.


This work is devoted to modelling gastrointestinal stromal tumour metastases to the liver, their growth and resistance to therapies. More precisely, resistance to two standard treatments based on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib and sunitinib) is observed clinically. Using observations from medical images (CT scans), we build a spatial model consisting in a set of non-linear partial differential equations. After calibration of its parameters with clinical data, this model reproduces qualitatively and quantitatively the spatial tumour evolution of one specific patient. Important features of the growth such as the appearance of spatial heterogeneities and the therapeutical failures may be explained by our model. We then investigate numerically the possibility of optimizing the treatment in terms of progression-free survival time and minimum tumour size reachable by varying the dose of the first treatment. We find that according to our model, the progression-free survival time reaches a plateau with respect to this dose. We also demonstrate numerically that the spatial structure of the tumour may provide much more insights on the cancer cell activities than the standard RECIST criteria, which only consists in the measurement of the tumour diameter. Finally, we discuss on the non-predictivity of the model using only CT scans, in the sense that the early behaviour of the lesion is not sufficient to predict the response to the treatment.


Abstract A reflection of both the intensity of sharing practices and the appeal of shared content, the term 'viral' is often seen as coterminous with the digital media age. In particular, social media and mobile technologies afford users the ability to create and share content that spreads in 'infectious' ways. These technologies have caused moral panics in recent years, particularly within heavily regulated and censored media environments such as the People's Republic of China (PRC). This paper uses the spread of a 'viral' sex video among young Chinesespeaking people who live transnational lives between Japan, China, and Taiwan, to reflect upon the question of 'viral' media as it is conceptualised more broadly. Their position both inside and outside Sinophone mediascapes affords a useful case study to think beyond purely institutional discussions of Chinese media, and focus on the ways media practices, affects, and affordances shape patterns of content distribution. It examines the language and practices of 'virality' among Chinese-speaking people in Tokyo and shows how the appeal of content like the sex video 'digital stuff' on WeChat are typically a digital amplification of pre-existing social practice. Described in terms of 'sociothermic affects' (Chau 2008) such as 'fever' and 'heat' (re/huo), the infectious nature of media is imagined in different but commensurate forms of virality that precedes the digital age. In the digital age however, virality is also made scalable (Miller et al. 2016) in new ways.


Android applications (apps) represent an ever increasing portion of the software market. Automated test input generators are the state of the art for testing and security analysis. We introduceDroidMate-2 (DM-2), a platform to easily assist both developers and researchers to customize, develop and test new test generators. DM-2 can be used without app instrumentation or operating system modifications, as a test generator on real devices and emulators for app testing or regression testing. Additionally, it provides sensitive resource monitoring or blocking capabilities through a lightweight app instrumentation, out-of-the-box statement coverage measurement through a fully-fledged app instrumentation and native experiment reproducibility. In our experiments we compared DM-2 against Droid-Bot, a state-of-the-art test generator by measuring statement coverage. Our results show that DM-2 reached 96% of its peak coverage in less than 2/3 of the time needed by Droid-Bot, allowing for better and more efficient tests. On short runs (5 minutes) DM-2 outperformed Droid-Bot by 7% while in longer runs (1 hour) this difference increases to 8%. ACM DL Artifact: https://www.doi.org/10.1145/3264864. For the details see: https://github.com/uds-se/droidmate/wiki/ASE-2018:-Data


Present clinical and laboratory diagnostic criteria permit a more accurate diagnosis and closer follow-up of patients with plasma cell dyscrasias. A ten-year follow-up of a group of 423 patients showed that the indications for and the adjustment of treatment are more precise when these criteria are summarized into profiles based on each diagnostic category. M components may be an indication of the presence of another sometimes nonreticular malignant neoplasm. The improvement of the specificity and sensitivity of immunologic methods sheds additional light on mechanisms controlling the synthesis of homogeneous antibodies such as prevalence of IgM-K in mixed cryoglobulinemia and lambda-light chains in IgD myeloma, excretion of lambda-Bence Jones proteins in amyloidosis, and greater IgG-subclass restriction in multiple myeloma as compared with benign monoclonal gammopathy. The activation of additional clones (biclonal gammopathies) was found in 3% of our patients.


While the Federal and Queensland governments promote self-management and self-determination policies, many Queensland Aboriginal Councils are still unable to participate fully in the development planning processes that affect their land and marine resources. Aboriginal Councils are often over-worked, under-resourced and inappropriately structured, limiting their control over natural resource use planning in their own communities and participation in regional development planning processes. This has serious implications for the long term future of Aboriginal communities. Thus, in line with recent developments in planning theory, this paper outlines the need to assist Aboriginal Councils to bargain effectively and to negotiate with government agencies and resource developers.


Local purulent complications after surgical operations for mouth cancer were recorded in 49 (61.3 per cent) out of 80 cases and were mainly due to associations of 2 or more pathogens. The analysis of the factors influencing the development of the complications showed that there was no reliable increase in the number of the complications in the patients subjected at the first stage to the treatment with various antitumor agents: 17 (53.1 per cent) events in the group of the patients subjected to radiotherapy in a total focal dose of 40 Gy, 8 (72.7 per cent) events in the group of the patients subjected to radiotherapy in a dose of more than 60 Gy, 13 (59.1 per cent) events in the group of the patients treated with antitumor drugs and 8 (66.7 per cent) events in the group of the patients operated at the first stage of the treatment. The incidence of osteomyelitis was significantly higher in the group of the patients subjected to radiotherapy before the operation: 13 (30.2 per cent) events vs. 2 (5.4 per cent) in the group of the patients not subjected to radiotherapy. With increasing of the radiation dose, the incidence of osteomyelitis as well increased: 8 (25.0 per cent) osteomyelitis events in the group of the patients subjected to radiotherapy in a dose of 40 Gy and 5 (45.5 per cent) events in the group of the patients subjected to radiotherapy in a dose of more than 60 Gy. The method of osteosynthesis of the lower maxilla with titanium miniplates was also of great importance. The use of various schemes for antibiotic prophylaxis of wound infection in such patients was equally efficient.


In this work the development of novel flow control methods in centrifugal microfluidic systems for the nucleic acid testing are demonstrated. Nucleic acids make excellent biomarkers for the identification of numerous diseases, but their detection is a lengthy and labour intensive process. Centrifugal microfluidics has emerged as a highly useful tool in the area of biomedical diagnostics; however there are still limitations when it comes to sample preparation on these Lab-on-a-Disc systems. This is especially important in nucleic acid testing, where the main bottleneck in performing these processes on microfluidic devices is in sample preparation. Nucleic acid testing can be broken into three stages; extraction, purification and detection. To this end, this work outlines the development of two novel centrifugal routing systems for nucleic acid purification, through the integration of functional materials. The first is a solvent-selective router which integrated two solvent specific membrane valves. The capability of the system to purify total RNA with significant integrity and concentration was shown. The second system integrated multi-layer Graphene Oxide (GO) membranes into our Lab-on-a-Disc devices. Using this, two unique properties of the GO were investigated; its solvent selectivity and air impermeability. Finally, a novel, centrifugo-pneumatic scheme for solvent-selective routing of organic and aqueous flows was demonstrated. Also shown is the development of two separate extraction platforms. The first was a centrifugo-pneumatic 'μHomogenizer', which implements a 3-phase fluid extraction protocol of RNA. This system integrates chemical lysis and separation of the RNA containing aqueous phase and shows significant improvement over its time-consuming and labour intensive benchtop alternate. The second was the development of a mechanical lysis method that utilises a rotor stator grinding mill driven by the spindle motor. This system can be used for general lysis of a wide range of bacteria but would be of significant benefit for armoured cells.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the, equine inflammatory response to ventral midline celiotomy in the absence of gastrointestinal disease in horses of varying body condition scores primarily using serial measurements of serum amyloid A (SAA).

DESIGN
Experimental clinical study.

SETTING
University teaching hospital.

ANIMALS
Ten adult light breed horses free of any clinical disease, 5 with body condition score (BCS) 3-4/9 and 5 with BCS 7-8/9.

INTERVENTIONS
Horses had a ventral midline celiotomy performed under general anesthesia, including manual decompression of the small intestine. SAA, semiquantitative fibrinogen, plasma lactate, and WBC count were measured in the blood preoperatively and at 12, 24, 48, 72, 120, and 168 hours postoperatively. Complete serum biochemistry was performed preoperatively and 24 and 72 hours postoperatively. Serial abdominocentesis was also performed with peritoneal fluid analysis of SAA, total protein, lactate, WBC count, and cytology.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
Significant (P < 0.05) increases in serum SAA were noted at 12, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively (124.6 ± 68.6, 390.8 ± 209.0, 568.6 ± 197.7 μg/mL), and most horses had values approaching normal at 168 hours postoperatively (174.4 ± 307.7 μg/mL). Other values such as fibrinogen also increased in response to surgery but did not return to normal within the measured time points. Horses with high BCS did not have significantly different serum SAA compared to horses with low BCS. Peritoneal fluid SAA did not increase significantly at 12 hours postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONS
The information from this study can be used to help determine the effect of anesthesia and surgical intestinal manipulation resulting in increased SAA when a comparison to clinical or experimental cases is needed.


Electrospinning has recently received much attention in biomedical applications, and has shown great potential as a novel scaffold fabrication method for tissue engineering. The nano scale diameter of the fibers produced and the structure of the web resemble certain supramolecular features of extracellular matrix which is favorable for cell attachment, growth and proliferation. There are various parameters that can alter the electrospinning process, and varying one or more of these conditions will result in producing different nanofibrous webs. So the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of material variables and process variables on the morphology of electrospun 50:50 poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) nanofibrous structures. The morphology of the nanofibers produced was strongly influenced by parameters such as the flow rate of the polymer solution, the electrospinning voltage and the solution concentration. The diameter was found to increase with solution concentration in a direct linear relationship. Finally, it has been successfully demonstrated that by increasing the rotation speed of the collector mandrel, the alignment of the fibers can be controlled in a preferred direction. These findings contribute to determining the functional conditions to electrospin this biodegradable elastomeric copolymer which has potential as a scaffold material for vascular tissue engineering.


Saliency-driven image coding is well worth pursuing. Previous studies on JPEG and JPEG2000 have suggested that region-of-interest coding brings little overall benefit compared to the standard implementation. We show that our saliency-driven variable quantization JPEG coding method significantly improves perceived image quality. To validate our findings, we performed large crowdsourcing experiments involving several hundred contributors, on 44 representative images. To quantify the level of improvement, we devised an approach to equate Likert-type opinions to bitrate differences. Our saliency-driven coding showed 11% bpp average benefit over the standard JPEG.


Many qualitative studies in journalism and mass communication research draw on ethnographic methods that originated in anthropology and sociology. These methods involve studying people within their own cultural environment through intensive fieldwork; they emphasize the subjects' frames of reference and understandings of the world. This article uses a comparison between journalism and ethnographic research as a framework for highlighting common problems with manuscripts using this method. It offers veteran ethnographers' tips about what they look for in a manuscript and identifies three ethnographies that are examples of successful application of the method to topics of interest to journal readers.


The molecular basis for increased metallothionein concentrations in copperresistant hepatoma cells was examined. The copper‐resistant cell line HAC600, which is maintained in 600 μm copper, had increased steady‐state mRNA levels for both the metallothionein‐1 (MT‐1) and the metallothionein‐2 (MT‐2) genes. Levels of mRNA were increased 11‐fold for MT‐1 and 15‐fold for MT‐2, with no significant change in α‐tubulin mRNA content. HAC600NM cells, which are copper‐resistant cells kept in a normal copper concentration for over 1 year, also had eight‐ and tenfold increases in MT‐1 and MT‐2 mRNA levels. Nuclear run‐on assays showed that MT‐1 and MT‐2 gene transcription was increased nine‐ and eightfold in HAC600 cells and seven‐ and tenfold in HAC600NM cells, respectively. Southern blot analysis showed amplification of both metallothionein genes in HAC600 and HAC600NM cells. Thus the molecular basis of increased metallothionein in these hepatoma cells involved a stable gene amplification of both MT genes. The greater increase in metallothionein mRNA levels in HAC600 cells relative to the changes in transcription suggests that posttranscriptional mechanisms of gene regulation may also be acting in these cells.


The developmental timing and cytological detail of male cone development and microsporogenesis in Pinus radiata D.Don (radiata or Monterey pine) growing in the central North Island of New Zealand were studied. Potential male cone primordia were formed by mid-January, and microsporophylls were initiated in late February, the late New Zealand summer. Unlike northern temperate pine species, development of microsporophylls and differentiation of the microsporogenous tissue progressed continuously from late February to early July without a break for dormancy. Meiosis, as inferred by nuclear changes prior to tetrad formation, occurred in late May and was completed by the beginning of July. Pollen was shed in July. Electron microscopy showed major ultrastructural changes during microsporogenesis. Early in development, well-developed plasmodesmata connected all the sporogenous cells and tapetal cells which contained vacuoles, plastids, mitochondria, dictyosomes, an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) network, and an abundance of ribosomes. As the pollen mother cells differentiated, the number of plastids, mitochondria, and ribosomes remained abundant but, in contrast, the plasmodesmata between these adjoining cells became blocked and putative autophagic vacuoles appeared. The tapetal cells became radially flattened, their nuclei and cytoplasm were intensely basophilic, and the RER system became highly dilated to form wide channels containing fibrillar material. As development progressed further, a thick callosic wall isolated the pollen mother cells from the tapetal cells. Invagination of the pollen mother cell plasmalemma became prominent along with a reduction in the numbers of plastids and mitochondria.


As casinos and other forms of gambling spread across the United States, voters and policymakers are becoming increasingly interested in the potential costs and benefits from expansion in gambling industries. Since the mid-1990s, a variety of cost-benefit research has been published, much of it using flawed methodologies. This paper examines some of the most important areas of debate and disagreement among gambling researchers, and explains why the quantification of the costs and benefits of gambling is problematic.


: The results of interdepartmental determinations can be clearly presented in the laboratory in two ways: 1. Entry on a test card, according to Shewhart, as used in internal quality control. 2. Entry on a test card, constructed on the principle of the Cusum test. By the latter procedure, systematic errors are detected sooner than with the usual test card. A graphic variant of the Cusum test is described; a V-mask is not required; the card superficially resembles the usual control card, and the calculation time is minimal. This method may also be used to advantage in internal quality control.


We discuss practical aspects of automating inductive reasoning in the first-order superposition prover Vampire . We explore solutions for reasoning over inductively defined dataypes; generating, storing and applying induction schema instances; and directly integrating inductive reasoning into the saturation reasoning loop of Vampire . Our techniques significantly improve the performance of Vampire despite the inherent difficulty of automated induction. We expect our exposition to be useful when implementing induction in saturation-style provers, and to stimulate further discussion and advances in the area.


American Psychological Association, United States, 2011. Hardback. Book Condition: New. 259 x 183 mm. Language: English . Brand New Book. This lively and practical text presents a fresh and comprehensive approach to conducting consensual qualitative research (CQR). CQR is an inductive method that is characterized by open-ended interview questions, small samples, a reliance on words over numbers, the importance of context, an integration of multiple viewpoints, and consensus of the research team. It is especially well-suited to research that requires rich descriptions of inner experiences, attitudes, and convictions. Written to help researchers navigate their way through qualitative techniques and methodology, leading expert Clara E. Hill and her associates provide readers with step-by-step practical guidance during each stage of the research process. Readers learn about adaptive ways of designing studies; collecting, coding, and analyzing data; and reporting findings. Key aspects of the researcher s craft are addressed, such as establishing the research team, recruiting and interviewing participants, adhering to ethical standards, raising cultural awareness, auditing within case analyses and cross analyses, and writing up the study. Intended as a user-friendly manual for graduate-level research courses and beyond, the text will be a valuable resource for both budding and experienced qualitative researchers...


Introduction: Providing an emotion-focused assessment service to explore emotional contributors to medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) is a culturally new concept within the traditional model of emergency medicine. We developed a multi-step approach to educate physicians and patients on how such a service might benefit them. Results: Patients reported high satisfaction with the service and more physicians referred greater numbers of patients. The institution supported the service, providing permanent funding, giving it an award and nominating it for a national quality award. Dealing directly with emotional contributors to symptom formation is a new approach to the emergency care of patients with MUS. This diagnostic and treatment innovation was accomplished successfully, with data supporting reductions in ED readmission and reductions in overall costs. The steps we took appear to have played a role in the service being both beneficial and well received by patients and physicians. Further study and replication of these methods is warranted.


Abstract The inevitable COVID‐19 global pandemic has severely affected Pakistan's fragile healthcare system. The system was already facing a significant burden of noncommunicable and other infectious diseases, and the pandemic further exacerbated the disease and the healthcare burden in Pakistan. In such a situation, people who live in geographically challenged areas with limited healthcare infrastructure and resources are more vulnerable to the impacts of a pandemic. The authors share the experience of the development of emergency response centres (ERCs) in the rural remote mountainous regions of Pakistan–Chitral, an initiative that the Government of Pakistan and Aga Khan Health Service Pakistan (AKHSP) implemented to manage the increasing rates of COVID‐19 cases in these areas. The authors outline the processes that need to be undertaken to develop such healthcare facilities in a short period of time and discusses the challenges of establishing and operating these centres and the lessons learnt during and after the development of these centres in the remote mountainous regions of Pakistan.


Changes in weight and in the incorporation of infused TdR-3H2 thymidine into the DNA of the pituitary gland were determined at intervals during the development of thyrotropic tumors in radiothyroidectomized mice. The relative specific activity of the DNA was found to increase markedly during the final stage of tumor development. In an effort to correlate the information on the sequence of changes during tumor induction, 5 mathematical models of cell population changes were considered. A model that assumes persistence of most of the original cell population at a constant level throughout tumor induction, an exponential increase in the size of a cell population that initially constitutes a small percentage of the total population, and the appearance of a 3rd more rapidly increasing cell population some time after radiothyroidectomy was described. This model was found most consistent with the experimental data presented and with published results of others and may be an aid in the design of future experiments.


A robust video watermarking scheme of the state-of-the-art video coding standard H.264/AVC is proposed in this brief. 2-D 8-bit watermarks such as detailed company trademarks or logos can be used as inconvertible watermark for copyright protection. A grayscale watermark pattern is first modified to accommodate the H.264/AVC computational constraints, and then embedded into video data in the compressed domain. With the proposed method, the video watermarking scheme can achieve high robustness and good visual quality without increasing the overall bit-rate. Experimental results show that our algorithm can robustly survive transcoding process and strong common signal processing attacks, such as bit-rate reduction, Gaussian filtering and contrast enhancement


this work we propose blind adaptive and iterative interference cancellation (IC) receiver structures for direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) systems in multipath channels. A code-constrained constant modulus (CCM) design criterion based on constrained optimization techniques and adaptive algorithms for receiver and channel parameter estimation are described for successive IC (SIC) and parallel IC (PIC) detectors and a new hybrid IC (HIC) scheme in scenarios subject to multipath fading. The proposed HIC structure combines the strengths of linear, SIC and PIC receivers and is shown to outperform the conventional linear, SIC and PIC structures. A novel iterative detection approach that generates different cancellation orders and selects the most likely symbol estimate on the basis of the instantaneous minimum constant modulus (CM) criterion is also proposed and combined with the new HIC structure to further enhance performance. Simulation results for an uplink scenario assess the algorithms, the proposed blind adaptive IC detectors against existing receivers and evaluate the effects of error propagation of the new cancellations techniques.


Abstract This paper examines developments in the governance of science and innovation in Japan, with a particular focus on the recent 'regionalisation' of innovation policies and policy support for new university–industry linkages. The paper charts the emergence of national funding programmes, greater institutional autonomy and the promotion of regional diversity. The paper presents two case studies to show how different regions have responded to the policy initiatives. The research suggests that there has been some movement towards regional diversity and the emergence of nascent regional innovation systems. However, questions remain as to the development and potential of truly regional governance structures for science and technology and the role of universities.


This review concern the developments on the biocidal properties of the organotin compounds with an emphasis on the authorsÂ's contribution to the field. The organotin compounds with a variety of nitrogen/oxygen and sulfur donor ligands developed mainly during last decade has been reviewed. The article is focused on the design, synthesis and biological peraspective of organotin compounds. Particular attention has been paid to the effectiveness of these compounds as: insecticides, nematicides and antifertility agents and biocides.


Specific aims of environment biologic pathogen control by applying special disinfectologic means and technologies are formulated. The main components of disinfectologic process are examined: molecular-biologic properties of targets--their sensitivity (resistance) to biocidal agents; biocidal molecular-chemical properties of disinfection means; toxicological properties of the latter by their effect on human organism as the object of epidemiologic protection. Perspectives of improvement of disinfectologic technologies by using composition potential of different actively operating molecular substances are discussed.


Saralasin is a highly soluble and stable AII antagonist with a relatively short half-life; therefore, its effects are rapidly reversible when administered i.v. Acute and subacute studies have shown only transient toxicosis with no significant pathology or teratology. Saralasin's angiotensin receptor affinity has been correlated with its biologic acitivity. Observations from the pharmacodynamic investigations have shown that saralasin is a specific competitive antagonist of the vascular, renal, adrenal, cardiac, and central nervous system actions of AII. In addition, these studies further support the utility of saralasin as a diagnostic and therapeutic agent for patients whose hypertension is due directly to AII.


Research was objected to determine the effect of patchouli leaves preparation on the distillation efficiency and quality of patchouli oil. The patchouli leaves (Pogostemon cablin Benth) were taken from Pandan Dulang Village, Muara Enim. It was separated from the stems and dried until maximum moisture content of 15%. Experiment was conducted in two replications base on these treatments, i.e delignification temperature (55 0 C, 80 0 C) and fermentation time (2, 4, 6, 8, days). NaOH solution (0,25%) was used for delignification. The distillation process was conducted at 100  2 0 C and ambient pressure environment. Patchouli oil quality was expressed as several parameter such as ester numbers, acid numbers, and specific gravity. The result showed that increasing of fermentation time is followed by decreasing of the patchouli oil quality. Delignification at 55 0 C for 6 days was identified as the treatment produced the highest efficiency process which about 2,346% (w/w) of patchouli oil that could be extracted and showed specific gravity 0.959, acid number 0,761 and ester number 4,561. All patchouli oil produced using the treatment of fermentation time were in the range of physico-chemical quality standard of patchouli oil given by SNI no 06-2385-1991. Keyword : patchouli leaves, preparation, delignification, fermentation, and distillation


China's large-scale internal migration has stimulated ongoing debates about consequences of geographical mobility for population health. Although existing research predominantly focused on migrants' health in host societies, the complex relationship between migration and health throughout the full migratory cycle remains understudied. Analysing data from 2010 China General Social Survey (N = 1,660), we investigate variations in migrants' physical and mental health across four distinct migratory stages—intended, temporary, permanent, and return migration. Supporting the "healthy migrant" and "salmon" hypotheses, we found that intended migrants have better health than rural residents with no migration intention, and migrants have better health than return migrants. The health disparity between nonmigrants and migrants is largely explained by selective demographic and socio-economic traits, but not health behaviours. Rural-to-urban migration is associated with adverse health outcomes, particularly among permanent migrants. The findings suggest potential health risks associated with rural-to-urban migration and migrant assimilation in urban China.


This research paper investigates the complex relation between United Arab Emirates (UAE) and their armed forces. While in the Seventies the process of state-making was primarily rent-driven, deeper federation-building efforts has now been focusing on modern integration among the seven armed forces. From a domestic perspective, this strategy has enhanced Abu Dhabi's neo-patrimonial supremacy on the military system. Armed forces play also a crescent role in the new UAE foreign policy, oriented towards "ambitious engagement" through defense expenditure, cooperative security with Western powers and Nato, regional military assertiveness in the Middle East. Moreover, UAE armed forces and the domestic arena have a circular relation, since pilots and soldiers, due to their commitment abroad, have been gradually becoming vectors for UAE federal consciousness, fostering collective identity and so contributing to enhance Abu Dhabi's political weight within Persian Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). Through qualitative analysis, this paper problematizes the role and evolution of UAE armed forces, in a framework of complex realism.


Abstract Creative organizations are characterized by a tension between creative work and business. Our research mobilizes Boltanski and Thévenot's Economies of Worth framework to explore, through the concept of compromise, how this tension is accommodated in the management of creative workers. Based on our study of eleven small advertising agencies, we identify four profiles for the management of creative work: Versatile, Creator, Manager, and Technician. Each of those profiles deals differently with the tension between creative work and business. Drawing on Boltanski and Thévenot's framework, every profile is analyzed in terms of compromises between orders of worth, that allow the agencies to properly manage the tension. Moreover, instead of seeing management as killing creative work, we show how it can foster it. Our research contributes to the literature by developing a typology for the management of creative work that suggests four viable ways to structure creative work in advertising agencies.


ABSTRACT
 Hunting billbugs (Sphenophorus venatus vestitus Chittenden) cause damage to zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) and bermudagrass (Cynodon spp), which is often misdiagnosed as the effects of drought, disease, or another soil insect. Populations have increased over the past several decades and are causing extensive damage on grasses in lawns, golf courses and other land-scapes. Nine cultivars of Zoysia were evaluated for resistance to S. venatus vestitus in a field cage choice test in a paired cage split-plot experiment. Leaf-firing of plant canopy was considered an above ground expression of root feeding damage by billbug larvae. 'Diamond' and 'Zorro' exhibited significantly less leaf firing damage (a reduction of 6.1 and 9.8%, respectively). In contrast, 'Palisades', 'Meyer', and 'Crowne' showed >40% canopy damage. When root, shoot, and total plant dry weights were compared, 'Diamond', 'Zorro', 'Cavalier', and 'Royal' [all Z. matrella (L.) Merr.] sustained less dry weight reduction (<53%) than 'Palisades', 'Meyer', and 'El Toro' (all Z. japonica Steud.) with 76, 74, and 70% total dry weight reductions, respectively. Cultivars of Z. matrella appear to be more resistant as a group than the Z. japonica cultivars.