Climatic controls regulate the coupled natural and human systems in coastal Tanzania, where mangrove wetlands provide a wealth of ecosystem services to coastal communities. Previous research has explained the precipitation seasonality of eastern Africa in terms of the local monsoons. This research examines a wider range of hydroclimatic variables, including water vapour flux, evapotranspiration, runoff, and ocean salinity, and the sources of low‐frequency atmosphere–ocean variability that support mangrove productivity and associated ecosystem services. Results confirm previous work suggesting that the northeast monsoon (kaskazi) largely corresponds to the "short rains" of October–December and extends through February, while the southeast monsoon (kusi) corresponds to the "long rains" of March–May and the drier June–September. The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and, to a lesser extent, El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are important modulators not only of precipitation (as has been shown previously) but also of water vapour flux, evapotranspiration, runoff, and salinity variability. During kaskazi, positive (negative) hydroclimatic anomalies occur during positive (negative) IOD, with a stronger IOD influence occurring during its positive phase, when seasonal anomalies of precipitation, evapotranspiration, and runoff exceed +50, 25, and 100%, and nearby salinity decreases by 0.5 practical salinity units. During kusi, the contrast between the positive and negative IOD modes is subtler, and the pattern is dictated more by variability in "long rains" months than in the dry months. The coincidence of the positive IOD and El Niño amplify this hydroclimatic signal. Because previous work suggests the likelihood of increased tendency for positive IOD and increased moisture variability associated with El Niño events in the future, wetter conditions may accompany the kaskazi, with less change expected during the kusi. These results advance understanding of the key environmental drivers controlling mangrove productivity and wetland spatial distribution that provide ecosystem services essential to the well‐being of the human population.


Ultracapacitors are becoming widely accepted in the energy storage industry in both standalone and in combination with batteries. Standalone applications, once niche, are now rapidly expanding as the technical and economic benefits of this power dense component become more widely understood. Combination examples continue to proliferate, primarily in battery electric and hybrid electric commercial transportation segments such as transit buses and trains. The ultracapacitor offers a fast energy buffer to advanced chemistry energy reservoirs such as nickel metal hydride and lithium batteries and offer an opportunity for truly energy optimized battery systems. This presentation will discuss trends in energy storage systems, advanced chemistry batteries such as nickel-hydrogen and lithium-ion and why such components would benefit from working in combination with carbon capacitors. The presentation will focus on the strengths and weakness of each technology and why the active parallel combination of ultracapacitor plus electronic converter with the lithium-ion battery is a complimentary and synergistic alternative.


Abstract This paper provides the results of semi-distributed positive degree-day (PDD) modelling for a glacierized river basin in Nepal. The main objective is to estimate the present and future discharge from the glacierized Langtang River basin using a PDD model (PDDM). The PDDM is calibrated for the period 1993–98 and is validated for the period 1999–2006 with Nash–Sutcliffe values of 0.85 and 0.80, respectively. Furthermore, the projected precipitation and temperature data from 2010 to 2050 are obtained from the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Norway, for the representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) scenario. The Weather Research and Forecasting regional climate model is used to downscale the data from the Norwegian Earth System Model general circulation model. Projected discharge shows no significant trend, but in the future during the pre-monsoon period, discharge will be high and the peak discharge will be in July whereas it is in August at present. The contribution of snow and ice melt from glaciers and snowmelt from rocks and vegetation will decrease in the future: in 2040–50 it will be just 50% of the total discharge. The PDDM is sensitive to monthly average temperature, as a 2°C temperature increase will increase the discharge by 31.9%. Changes in glacier area are less sensitive, as glacier area decreases of 25% and 50% result in a change in the total discharge of –5.7% and –11.4%, respectively.


The popularity of Bring Your Own Devices (BYOD) has increased dramatically over the last decade. BYOD bestows many benefits including increased productivity, flexibility, and employee satisfaction. However, BYOD also introduces new risks to the organization that must be understood and controlled. This annotated bibliography is comprised of literature published from 2012-2016 to help IT decision makers create policies and procedures to promote secure and flexible BYOD implementations.


Motion graphics, as a field, has been developed and utilized most in Western broadcast television markets.  As an attention-grabbing device, and as a means to communicate information, it appears in all aspects and modes. The Western markets value these techniques, and how they support the promotion of products and the understanding of complex, multi-layered information in relativity short amounts of time. This research demonstrates a deficiency in the utilization of these techniques in the Middle Eastern market, especially in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, through a content analysis of television commercials and public service announcements created and aimed at the region and through interviews with well-known advertising firms and how the Jeddawi audience responds positively to, and would benefit from more application of motion graphics in local television commercials and public service announcements based on audience testing.  This translates to the logical need to broaden the Jeddawi advertising production firms' repertoires to include more motion graphics in local advertisements and television spots, and hence, to open up their ranks for more design professionals knowledgeable in this field.  This research only identifies the gap in the market.

 Key words: Motion graphics, graphic design, Saudi Arabia, Jeddah, employment, market demand.


AIDS was first identified in Brazil in 1982, and by mid-1988 a total of 3,952 cases had been detected. The highest concentrations of cases have occurred in the Southeast region of the country (81.8%), which includes the States of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, and in the 25-to-40 year-old age group (58.2%). Sexual transmission is responsible for 72.8% of the cases; 18.8% of the cases were transmitted by contact with contaminated blood or blood products; perinatal transmission is responsible for 1.0% of the total recorded cases. On the basis of serologic surveys of certain population groups and projections of the prevalence of infection based on the number of actual cases at the end of 1987, the number of asymptomatic infected individuals would be between 200,000 and 400,000.


Bill Waring, collecting his wits in hospital after a train crash, receives only one letter from Lila Dryden, his fiancee. When he discovers Lady Dryden, Lila's guardian, has pressured her into an engagement with Herbert Whitall, he is furious. Herbert Whitall is aggressive, with a cold-hearted possessiveness that expands past the bounds of his ivory collection he can't bear to lose. His employees hate him, Lila is terrified of him and it appears he has a hold on Lady Dryden. When a dagger in Whitall's collection becomes the instrument of his own death there are many suspects. Maud Silver must see that justice is done, not merely to punish the guilty, but to protect the innocent.


Work is underway to produce a clinical imaging system, based upon the Compton camera principle, to image positron emitters. The system has been designed by computer simulation to have a spatial resolution <1 cm at the patient and have good efficiency at 511 keV. An attempt has been made to make the camera reasonably portable. The camera was constructed by ORTEC. Controlling electronics based upon GRT4 electronics boards (Daresbury, UK) are employed. The camera comprises two pixellated germanium detector planes housed 9.6 cm apart in the same vacuum housing. The scattering detector is a pixellated germanium ring with an outer diameter of 10 cm, an inner diameter of 6 cm and a thickness of 0.4 cm. A total of 152 4/spl times/4 mm/sup 2/ pixels are distributed in 8 blocks around the ring. The absorbing detector is a pixellated germanium cylinder with a diameter of 2.8 cm and a thickness of 1 cm. A 5/spl times/5 block of 4/spl times/4 mm/sup 2/ pixels are implanted in the absorbing detector. Pulse timing information and induced charge in surrounding pixels is used to improve the intrinsic spatial resolution of the detectors to an expected value of /spl sim/1 mm. A mean energy resolution of 1.9 keV at 122 keV has been achieved, with a 0.2 keV standard deviation across the pixels. This paper will summarise the results to date and present the current state of camera developments.


We compare filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) in the uplink of a multiple access network. Our study reveals that the high sensitivity of OFDM to carrier frequency offset (CFO) among different users and the need for interference cancellation methods to reduce this sensitivity leads to very complex and yet not very high performance systems. In FBMC-based networks, on the other hand, near-perfect performance is achieved without any need for interference cancellation, thanks to the excellent frequency localized filters used in the realization of FBMC systems.


Subchondral insufficiency fractures are non-traumatic fractures that occur immediately below the cartilage of a joint. Although low bone density may be present concurrently, it is not the underlying cause of subchondral insufficiency fractures in the majority of patients. Patients with subchondral insufficiency fracture characteristically have unremarkable plain radiographs, while MRI examination may reveal extensive bone marrow oedema and subchondral bone collapse. This article presents a 51-year-old postmenopausal woman, a physician, who had subchondral insufficiency fractures of the knee associated with prolonged standing during clinical work. She was treated with partial weight bearing on crutches until 14 months after the injury, viscosupplementation at 4 months to treat osteoarthritis and teriparatide treatment to improve bone healing at 7 months. By 26 months after the injury, she tolerated independent walking with a fabric knee support but still experienced mild posterolateral knee pain and numbness on prolonged standing.


The number of new immigrant female spouses particularly from Vietnam continues to increase steadily in Taiwan. However these women are nearly all young and become pregnant early while still in an immature psychosomatic status. Furthermore various life adaptations are stacked against their maintaining good personal health or providing good healthcare to their babies. Therefore the aim of this project was to understand the problems faced by Vietnamese women during the perinatal period in order to improve care effectiveness. Following data analysis problems identified included lack of completeness of perinatal care processes a dearth of education tools in the Vietnamese language and poor communications which resulted in poor nursing education outcomes and a low 1.64-point satisfaction with nursing service (total = 4 points). After (1) revising perinatal care processes (2) producing Vietnamese communication cards nursing education pamphlets CD of notices during pregnancy and video-CDs for baby bathing and breast feeding skills and (3) holding mother classes in cooperation with health stations perinatal checkups during pregnancy increased from 26% to 83.9%; proper practice of Lamaze during labor rose from 43% to 80.6%; accurately performed postnatal uterus massage increased from 46% to 90.3%; use of proper baby bathing techniques rose from 39% to 77.4%; proper breastfeeding increased from 57% to 100% and satisfaction with nursing services increased to 3.78 points. These improvements achieved project aims. This project not only improved the effectiveness of perinatal care for Vietnamese women but also improved their satisfaction with nursing services.


Additive Manufacturing (AM) which is also referred as Three Dimensional Printing (3DP), Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) or Rapid Prototyping (RP) is a layer-by-layer technique of producing a three-dimensional (3D) objects directly from a digital model. The technique is used in engineering for prototyping, tooling, direct part manufacturing, maintenance and repair. Additive Manufacturing accounted for £1.2b ($2b) across all industries in worldwide sales of materials, equipment, and services in 2012, and is expected to reach £2.4b ($4b) by 2015. Additive Manufacturing is considered to be the breakthrough disruptive technology which permits end-products to be grown from materials such as inks, dielectrics and powders in a layer-wise manner. Even though the technique has had remarkable improvements since its emergence over 25 years ago, still faces several technical challenges related to material characterization and availability compared with other conventional techniques. This paper reviews the current commercially available Additive Manufacturing processes by describing generics and specifics as well as the build material characteristics. It also presents the "State of the Art" of Additive Manufacturing Technology and outlines the strengths and weaknesses of the techniques. Finally, several case studies are discussed in addition to the real life application of these techniques which will enable readers to understand and potentially exploit these emerging technologies.


Author(s): Chang, Alexander Ezekiel | Abstract: In this dissertation, I argue that the emergence of aesthetics is central to a modern biopolitical definition of man that serves to enable particular forms of identitarian oppression. I utilize Foucault's analysis of the formation of man in The Order of Things, to examine aesthetics as a discourse that subjects the anarchic range of human praxis to a regime that produces the figure of man in its modern form and, in doing so, has never ceased to produce Man's human others. I further employ this historical analysis to examine contemporary forms of affect theory which mediate similar problems under the conditions of late capitalism, but ultimately displaces the political into the realm of ontology. Instead, I formulate a Marxist understanding of the problematic through an analysis of figures of non-anthropophorous humanity--beings within the range of the human who do not bear the proper name of Man--produced under late capitalism, and contained in the Chinese coolie in Latin America and the historical zombie that originates in Haiti. While I draw deeply on historical materials, my immediate concern is with politics in the present. The political, as Jacques Ranciere is not the sphere of consensual agreement, but the realm of conflict at the basis of determining who belongs within the limits of the polis and who resides beyond its limits, who can be recognized as having the capacity for speech and who can produce only the animal cry of pleasure or pain. In this way, Man itself is the central arena of the political, and a facile liberal humanism serves to obscure the constant power that must be exerted to maintain the limits of Man. Throughout my analyses, I examine the genealogical and etymological traces in the concepts of aesthetics and of politics in order to formulate them anew in a manner that remains faithful to the ever-present alterity of the human. This alterity cannot be dismissed by a simple posthumanism that seeks to abolish the name of Man, but instead places the human as a point upon our horizon which is, and perhaps must remain forever, yet to come


Research on the merging of social networks among married couples tends to focus on the benefits of increased social capital, with the acknowledgment of potential stressors being limited primarily to in-law relationships. The purpose of the present study was to examine both positive (i.e., shared friend support) and negative (i.e., disapproval and interference of partner's friends) aspects of friend ties on divorce across 16 years. Using a sample of 355 Black and White couples from the Early Years of Marriage project, we examined these associations with a Cox proportional hazard regression, controlling for a number of demographic and relational factors. Our findings indicate that (1) the negative aspects of couples' friend ties are more powerful predictors of divorce than positive aspects; (2) at least early in marriage, husbands' negative perceptions of wives' friends are more predictive of divorce than are wives' negative perceptions of husbands' friends; (3) friendship disapproval may be less critical in the marital lives of Black husbands and wives than of White husbands and wives; and (4) the association between disapproval of wives' friends at Year 1 and divorce may be partially explained by wives' friends interfering in the marriage. Our findings are interpreted in light of possible mechanisms to explain the link between partner disapproval of friends and divorce, such as diminished interdependence, less network approval, and increased spousal conflict and jealousy.


Recent scholarship on the origins of association football has been marked by a highly ideological debate on its 'class' nature. The traditional story – of a game created by 'gentlemen' but taken up, and ultimately dominated, by 'ruffians' – has been challenged by a revisionist account which presents football as an ancient 'people's' or 'plebeian' game, briefly hijacked by upper-middle class men in the mid-Victorian period, before returning to its 'popular' roots from the 1880s onwards. This article suggests that, as currently conducted, the debate is both conceptually confused and bedevilled by paucity of sources. The conceptual problems derive partly from an endemic vagueness in the historical use of the term 'football', and partly from a persistent tendency to conflate football play with rules of play. The paucity of sources is well-known in the study of football as a medieval and early modern folk pastime. But it is also an issue in studying early forms of club football. This article uses a hitherto underused source – the match reports of the earliest amateur football clubs in Britain – as part of an attempt to address the conceptual confusion and also to present a genuinely new account of the impact of traditional 'folk' football on the modern game. It is suggested that the impact was both real and very short-lived.


In recent years, there has been a great deal of consumer interest in consuming vegetables in the form of sprouts, characterized by high nutritional value. The disadvantage of sprouts is the loss of bioactive compounds during storage and the relatively short shelf life, due to the fact that they are a good medium for microorganisms, especially yeasts and molds. The aim of the study was to compare the content of polyphenols, antioxidant properties, color and microbiological quality of red cabbage sprouts preserved by the use of mild organic acids: Citric, ascorbic, lactic, acetic and peracetic. In the study, the content of polyphenols and antioxidant properties of sprouts was examined using the spectrophotometric method, instrumental color measurement was done using an "electronic eye" and the content of mold, yeast and the total number of mesophilic microorganisms was determined using the plate inoculation method. Taking into account the content of polyphenols and the antioxidant potential of sprouts, it was found that the addition of all organic acids contributed to the preservation of the tested compounds during their 14-day storage under refrigerated conditions, depending on the type of organic acid used, from 71 to 86% for polyphenols and from 75 to 96% for antioxidant properties. The best results were obtained by treating the sprouts with peracetic acid and ascorbic acid, respectively, at a concentration of 80 ppm and 1%. The conducted research on the possibility of extending the storage life and preserving the bioactive properties of fresh sprouts showed that the use of peracetic acid in the form of an aqueous solution during pre-treatment allows to reduce the content of microorganisms by one logarithmic order. Ascorbic acid did not reduce the content of microorganisms in the sprout samples tested. Considering the content of bioactive ingredients, as well as the microbiological quality of fresh sprouts, it can be said that there is a great need to use mild organic acids during the pre-treatment of sprouts in order to maintain a high level of health-promoting ingredients during their storage, which may also contribute to their prolongation durability.


There has been a great progress in the development of heat-resistant silicon carbide ceramics, owing to the better understanding of composition-microstructure-properties relations. Based on the progress, it has been possible to fabricate heat-resistant SiC ceramics with improved fracture toughness. In this paper, three rare-earth oxides (Re2O3, Re=Er, Lu, and Sc) in combination with AlN were used as sintering additives for a β-SiC containing 1 vol% α-SiC seeds. The effect of intergranular phase, using Re2O3 and AlN as sintering additives, on the microstructure and mechanical properties of liquid-phasesintered, and subsequently annealed SiC ceramics were investigated. The microstructure and mechanical properties were strongly influenced by the sintering additive composition, which determines the chemistry and structure of IGP. The strength and fracture toughness of the Lu2O3-doped SiC were ∼700 MPa at 1400oC and ∼6 MPa.m1/2 at room temperature, respectively. The beneficial effect of the new additive compositions on high-temperature strength was attributed to the crystallization of the intergranular phase.


In order to scale with modern processors, planning algorithms must become multi-threaded. In this paper, we present parallel shared-memory algorithms for two problems that underlie many planning systems: suboptimal and anytime heuristic search. We extend a recently-proposed approach for parallel optimal search to the suboptimal case, providing two new pruning rules for bounded suboptimal search. We also show how this new approach can be used for parallel anytime search. Using temporal logic, we prove the correctness of our framework, and in an empirical comparison on STRIPS planning, grid pathfinding, and sliding tile puzzle problems using an 8-core machine, we show that it yields faster search performance than previous proposals.


Bird surveys were conducted in the Padawan Limestone Area for seven days at each of two study sites, Giam and Danu, from August to December 2008. The purpose of the study was to compare the area's bird species richness and abundance of bird species in other limestone areas and in other forest types. The study also compared the species richness and relative abundance of birds in undisturbed and disturbed areas at both study sites. Twenty mist nets were deployed for 12 hours daily. During this study period, direct observations of birds were also made. In all, 80 species from 34 families were recorded at both sites. At Giam, 120 birds were mist-netted. These birds represented 31 species from 16 families. The direct observations at Giam recorded 13 species from 11 families. In the undisturbed area, 21 species from 13 families were mist-netted, whereas in the disturbed area, 21 species from 10 families were mist-netted. In Danu, a total of 48 birds, representing 25 species from 12 families, were mist-netted. The observations at Danu recorded 34 species from 19 families. Twelve species from 7 families were mist-netted in the undisturbed area, whereas 18 species from 11 families were mist-netted in the disturbed area. Statistical analysis showed that the species diversity index differed significantly between undisturbed and disturbed areas.


This story is based on the theme of anorexia. To her father, Francesca is the best little girl in the world, but at her ballet class she realizes she is fat. With this realization, fat Francesca has to die, and slim Kessa takes her place. Help arrives in the shape of Sandy Sherman, a doctor.


The study validated structure stability, reliability and sub-scale distinctiveness of integrated conflict and violence scale (ICVS) and was cross-sectional; war-affected grade 5 school children participated. ICV internal factorial validity and reliability were evaluated; eigenvalue size and scree plots were used for factor selection. A variable retention factor load threshold of >0.30 was used: Cronbach's α tests confirmed reliability increments. Pair-wise Pearson correlation tests evaluated sub-scale distinctiveness. Gulu University granted ethical clearance. A total of 280 grade 5 children from 50 primary schools participated: 53% of them were males. Two factors accounted for 100% of variability in attitudes; 18 variables were retained. Expelled variables were: 'If I catch some one stealing my sugar cane I will fight' and 'a bully should be forgiven'. Sub-scale internal consistency reliability coefficients were 0.73 and 0.65, respectively and distinctiveness correlation coefficient was −0.06. The ICVS was validated using standard criteria. Emerging two-factor scale has acceptable psychometric properties especially factorial structure, internal consistency and sub-scale distinctiveness.


«Deep Ecology» represents a current of thought which surpasses the anthropocentric leaning of traditional ecological movements and brings into play the global dimension of the problem. The general systemic theory, the holonistic worldview and the GAIA hypothesis open unsuspected possibilities in the field of interdisciplinary research and permit a reading of the Popol Vuh from the analogy of its own revolutionary ideas. Even today, many of Spanish America's ecological needs and impulses are structured around images or narratives taken from the mythical indigenous world and particularly from the Popol Vuh, the most important work of the mythical indigenous literature from the Mayan area. The unique myths of this ancient culture fashion in their literature a new encounter between the human being and an Earth which is seen as a living being, organically formed as a principle of biological, intelligent unity.


Two main issues, closely related to each other, have occupied the European Central Bank in recent years: the sovereign debt crisis and the possibility of deflation in the Euro Zone. In this paper we discuss the causes, the consequences and the policy options regarding deflation. In addition, we assess the magnitude of the risk of deflation in the Euro Zone. For this purpose, we will employ the methodology of Kilian and Manganelli (2007). Our results suggest that the threat of deflation in the Euro Zone is related to the international financial crisis and to the sovereign debt crisis in Europe. Thus, the probability of deflation in the Euro zone increased in recent years. Nevertheless, it appears to have subsided in 2017, justifying the view taken by the ECB's Governing Council, according to which deflation is no longer a problem for the Euro zone.


We are developing an advanced 3D vision system VVV (Versatile Volumetric Vision) which can be used for many purposes in many fields; robotics, medical and welfare, CAD, VR, etc. The basic processes of 3D vision are range sensing of a 3D scene, describing 3D shape of objects in the scene, and recognizing the 3D position and orientation of objects by matching with object models. Also, moving objects can be tracked by repeating these processes. For the system to be versatile, it consistently executes these processes and makes no assumption on objects; objects may be any size, any shape (figures, polyhedra to free forms), covered with textured or glossy surfaces, at any position, in any direction, together with other objects, and partially occluded by them. The basic technical approach is structural analysis and partial pattern matching. And, the basic policy of development is to separate "functions" which are common to all tasks and "knowledges" which are specific to each task.


This paper deals with the design and testing of a miniature CVT prototype. The CVT under study is a special toroidal-type, which is able to maintain a quasi-constant power at the output element by automatically changing the transmission ratio function of the torque applied to the output element. The power-transmitting elements of the device have been built by modifying rolling element bearings.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


One basic assumption of many statistical methods is that the data to be analysed represent (spatially) independent drawings from some population or populations. The disastrous consequences of failing to allow for the presence of spatial autocorrelation, almost universal among geographically located data, are illustrated by considering tests for means based on Student's t distribution and possible solutions to the problem examined. A second difficulty is that many statistical methods assume that the observations to be analysed are non-modifiable, in the sense that each observation is based upon a natural unit. Most geographical data are, however, based on modifiable areal units, leading to the familiar spatial scale dependence of methods of analysis. The analysis of such modifiable spatial data is considered in connection with the correlation coefficient.


Objective and Background:Athletic pubalgia (AP) is a leading cause of athlete loss from competitive sports. Commonly misnamed "sports hernia," AP is a set of pelvic injuries involving the abdominal and pelvic musculature outside the ball-and-socket hip joint and on both sides of the pubic symphysis. Prospective studies show that timely intervention and appropriate repair of selected injuries results in greater than 95% success. Methods:The senior author reviewed his experience with 8490 patients and 5460 operations, looking primarily at the changes in patient characteristics over the last 2 decades and at some of the advances. Results:Female proportion, age, numbers of sports, and soft tissue structures involved have all increased as have the number of syndromes identified and number of operations. MRI has improved greatly for both the diagnosis of hip and nonhip pathology in the pelvis. Increased understanding has led also to new rehabilitation and performance protocols. Conclusions:Better understanding and recognition of the injuries has led to more satisfactory care and returned many athletes to successful careers, which has had a major impact on modern sport.


This paper presents the design, implementation and application of a constraint programming framework on 3D crystal lattices. The framework provides the flexibility to express and resolve constraints dealing with structural relationships of entities placed in a 3D lattice structure in space. Both sequential and parallel implementations of the framework are described, along with experiments that highlight its superior performance with respect to the use of more traditional frameworks (e.g. constraints on finite domains and integer programming) to model lattice constraints. The framework is motivated and applied to address the problem of solving the protein folding prediction problem, i.e. predicting the 3D structure of a protein from its primary amino acid sequence. Results and comparison with performance of other constraint‐based solutions to this problem are presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Recently, denoising diffusion probabilistic models and generative score matching have shown high potential in modelling complex data distributions while stochastic calculus has provided a unified point of view on these techniques allowing for flexible inference schemes. In this paper we introduce Grad-TTS, a novel text-to-speech model with score-based decoder producing mel-spectrograms by gradually transforming noise predicted by encoder and aligned with text input by means of Monotonic Alignment Search. The framework of stochastic differential equations helps us to generalize conventional diffusion probabilistic models to the case of reconstructing data from noise with different parameters and allows to make this reconstruction flexible by explicitly controlling trade-off between sound quality and inference speed. Subjective human evaluation shows that Grad-TTS is competitive with state-of-the-art text-to-speech approaches in terms of Mean Opinion Score. We will make the code publicly available shortly.


The "old revolutionaries" were Samuel Adams, Isaac Sears, Thomas Young, Richard Henry Lee, and Charles Carroll, five men of widely varying backgrounds who played significant roles in the American Revolution. What motivations brought these different men together and made them decide to join the movement for Independence? In telling their stories, Pauline Maier explores the American Revolution not so much as a collective movement as a commitment to an ideal republic-which different people interpreted differently. Pauline Maier has written a new Introduction to the Norton paperback edition, in which she discusses the Old Revolutionaries' pertinence to current debates over liberalism in the American Revolution. Professor Maier teaches history at MIT and is also the author of From Resistance to Revolution: Colonial Radicals and the Development of American Opposition to Britain, 1765-1776.


PEGylated dendron-based copolymers (PDC) with different end-group functionalities (-NH(2), -COOH, and -Ac) were synthesized and self-assembled into dendron micelles to investigate the effect of terminal surface charges on size, morphology, and cellular interactions of the micelles. All of the dendron micelles exhibited similar sizes (20-60 nm) and spherical morphologies, as measured using dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The cellular interactions of dendron micelles were evaluated using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Surprisingly, although amine-terminated dendrimers are known to strongly interact with cells non-specifically, all of the surface-modified dendron micelles exhibited charge-independent low-levels of cellular interaction. The unexpected results, particularly from the amine-terminated dendron micelles, could be attributed to: i) minimal end-group effects, as each PDC has an approximately 10-fold lower charge-number-to-molecular-weight ratio compared to the dendrimer; and ii) intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding between positively charged terminal groups with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) backbones, which leads to the sequestration of the charges, as demonstrated by atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. With the narrow size distribution, uniform morphologies, and low levels of non-specific cellular interactions, the dendron micelles offer a promising drug delivery platform.


The Ti(Y)N coatings were successfully deposited onto 18-8 stainless steel substrates by the hollow cathode discharge (HCD) ion-plating method through the application of a Ti-Y(0.2 wt%) alloy evaporation source instead of pure titanium. The influence of Y on the adhesion of the TiN coating/substrate was studied. The results show that the adhesion of the coating to the substrate was evidently enhanced by adding a small amount of the rare-earth element yttrium. The Ti(Y)N coatings deposited on some punch side pins were presented and compared with the TiN coating. The service lifetime of Ti(Y)N coated the punch side pin is approximately 50% higher compared to that of TiN coated.


My research centers upon designing transformative learning environments and supporting technologies. Kitchen Science Investigators (KSI) is an out-of-school transformative learning environment we designed to help young people learn science through cooking. My dissertation considers the question, 'How can we design a learning environment in which children discover the utility of science in their lives and their own scientific capabilities?' I have explored this question in the context of designing and enacting KSI. We designed the environment (i.e., activities, facilitation, and technology support) so that in the midst of cooking, participants generate personal goals that they need science to achieve. Our design integrates software to promote scientific practices in a real world context.
In my thesis research I analyze how learners are developing identity as scientific reasoners in this environment. I also make recommendations about the design of learning environments and technologies to help with scientific development. My dissertation study is a longitudinal study of individuals in our most recent implementation of KSI. My current analysis of KSI shows significant development of disposition and identity development among focal learners, as well as a set of causal factors. I found that as learners connected cooking and science, and as they participated in science socially with their friends, they began to increase their scientific participation in and outside of KSI. My findings suggest guidelines for software support, facilitation, and activities for getting learners engaged in scientific inquiry in ways that promote the development of scientific identities.


5 v. (xliv, 1314 p.) A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries under the call numbers: KNIGHT HV6545.D84M3


BACKGROUND
The presence of patients' families during resuscitation has been an important practice issue. An American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) practice alert "Family Presence During Resuscitation and Invasive Procedures" supports family members of patients undergoing resuscitation being given the option of bedside presence. Parent Advocacy Group for Events of Resuscitation (PAGER) is an interdisciplinary collaborative in the pediatric intensive care unit.

OBJECTIVES
To ensure that patients' families are provided the option of being with their child during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

METHODS
Resuscitation data were collected for 12 months by using the AACN practice alert audit tool. The Family Nurse Caring Belief Scale was administered to 150 pediatric intensive care unit nurses. PAGER nurses received crisis education.

RESULTS
Pediatric intensive care unit nurses were supportive of providing the option of family presence during resuscitation. Family Nurse Caring Belief Scale data revealed areas for improvement in family caring practices. PAGER was implemented with positive outcomes for 2 families.

CONCLUSIONS
PAGER has improved the care of families whose children experience cardiopulmonary resuscitation and should be implemented in pediatric critical care units. PAGER nurses are prepared to serve as role models in providing family-sensitive care during crisis.


The focus of this thesis lies on several enhancements to Frank, a programming language that supports algebraic effects and effect handlers as core features. Effects serve as interfaces between command-requesting and command-handling components, thereby offering the programmer a modular and powerful means of abstraction. We improve the expressiveness of commands by making them polymorphic. Together with an extension of ML-style references, we can demonstrate the gained potential by implementing two concurrency models (actors, promises) within Frank. A prominent feature of Frank is the ambient ability which allows convenient composition of effect generators and effect handlers. We discuss different scenarios of composition and identify a problem with intermediate effects that are unintentionally exposed. We solve part of the problem and discuss how to solve the more general scenario. Another prominent feature of Frank are multihandlers that allow handling of multiple effects simultaneously. A dynamic semantics of this setting has been given so far via a translation to a setting of unary handlers. We give an operational small-step semantics that is more direct and closer to the actual implementation. Furthermore, we prove type soundness of the enhanced Frank version.


Phobic avoidance--avoiding entering specific fear-provoking situations--can severely restrict patients' lives. To determine the frequency with which patients having some degree of phobic avoidance will discuss these fears with their physician and factors in their decision to discuss, a mailed survey was conducted in Franklin County, Ohio. Data from 32 respondents to a mental health questionnaire who met criteria for phobic avoidance were analyzed. Only 28% indicated that they had seen a physician about their fears. The presence of panic attacks and duration of fears and avoidance were key factors in patients' decision to present. In those patients with both panic attacks and phobic avoidance, fear-of-dying and urgency of presentation for panic attacks were particularly important in the decision to present for their fears. These findings are relevant to both primary care and emergency room physicians, indicating the need to raise physician sensitivity to this problem. Future studies with larger samples are needed.


Solid electrolytes are key to the evolution of all-solid-state lithium batteries as next-generation energy storage systems. High ionic conductivity and stability of solid electrolytes are critical requirements for designing reliable all-solid-state lithium batteries. Perovskite-type lithium lanthanum titanates Li3xLa(2/3)−x□(1/3)−2xTiO3 (LLTOs) have received much attention as a potential inorganic solid electrolyte to replace current organic liquid electrolytes; however, the practical use of LLTOs is limited by their low total conductivity. With the aim of improving the ionic conductivity, we investigated a correlation between the microstructures and Li+ conducting properties of LLTO perovskites. We show that the total conductivity of LLTOs is dominated by the domain boundary resistance, and the synthesis condition of the electrolyte (sintering temperature and Li concentration) has a crucial role in modifying the microstructure and composition of the domain boundaries to significantly reduce the boundary resistance. By controlling the sintering temperature and Li content, in particular, a total Li+ conductivity as high as 4.8 × 10−4 S cm−1 can be achieved at room temperature. The findings of this study would be essential in understanding Li+ conducting behaviors and in developing highly conductive perovskite-type LLTO solid electrolytes.


Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine in Pakistan and to understand the reasons causing hesitation towards vaccine administration.
Study Design: A cross-sectional study was done through an online survey that was created using google forms.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted online from Mar to Aug 2021 in different cities of Pakistan employing nonprobability convenience sampling technique. The link to the questionnaire was shared on different social media platforms such as WhatsApp and Facebook.
Methodology: Any individual over the age of 16 and willing to fill the questionnaire was enrolled. Questionnaire used were standardized Oxford COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy scale to assess intent and Oxford general vaccine hesitancy scale to assess attitude towards vaccinations in general. SPSS v25 was used for data analysis.
Results: A total of 589 valid responses were finally analyzed. Among the respondents, 24%(141) showed at least some hesitancy regarding COIVD-19 vaccination and 9%(53) of the respondents showed extreme hesitancy. The Pearson correlation coefficient indicated a significant positive correlation (p<0.000) between hesitancy to childhood vaccines and COVID vaccine hesitancy. There was also a significant correlation (p<0.000) between belief in conspiracy's related to COVID-19 virus and refusal to get vaccinated.
Conclusion: Vaccine hesitancy is present in roughly 1/4th of the study population. Conspiracy theories and low vaccine acceptance among the general public pose a severe danger to COVID-19 vaccination success. Public vaccine education programs should be started to educate the public regarding their fear of vaccination.


Our understanding of the genus Natrinema is presently limited due to the lack of available genetic tools. Auxotrophic markers have been widely used to construct genetic systems in bacteria and eukaryotes and in some archaeal species. Here, we isolated four auxotrophic mutants of Natrinema sp. J7-2, via 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitroso-guanidin mutagenesis, and designated them as J7-2-1, J7-2-22, J7-2-26, and J7-2-52, respectively. The mutant phenotypes were determined to be auxotrophic for leucine (J7-2-1), arginine (J7-2-22 and J7-2-52), and lysine (J7-2-26). The complete genome and the biosynthetic pathways of amino acids in J7-2 identified that the auxotrophic phenotype of three mutants was due to gene mutations in leuB (J7-2-1), dapD (J7-2-26), and argC (J7-2-52). These auxotrophic phenotypes were employed as selectable makers to establish a transformation method. The transformation efficiencies were determined to be approximately 103 transformants per µg DNA. And strains J7-2-1 and J7-2-26 were transformed into prototrophic strains with the wild type genomic DNA, amplified fragments of the corresponding genes, or the integrative plasmids carrying the corresponding genes. Additionally, exogenous genes, bgaH or amyH gene, were expressed successfully in J7-2-1. Thus, we have developed a genetic manipulation system for the Natrinema genus based on the isolated auxotrophic mutants of Natrinema sp. J7-2.


A distributed architecture for implementing online social networks (OSNs) can overcome several disadvantages of the now popular centralized online social networks such as Face book or Twitter. Owners of centralized OSNs control all of the individuals' data and associated policies on dissemination of data. Hence, individuals can hardly exert control of their personal data, resulting in serious potential privacy violations. Distributed OSNs, where each individual hosts their personal data, provide greater control of ownership of personal data. However, for distributed OSNs to be scalable, methods that optimize peer-to-peer data dissemination need to be developed. In this paper, we introduce Social Caches as a way to alleviate the peer-to-peer traffic that would ensue in a distributed OSNs. Social caches act as local bridges among friends for efficient information delivery. We provide a novel social communication model, Social Butterfly, for distributed OSNs that utilize social caches. We further formulate social cache selection as the Neighbor-Dominating Set Problem, and propose two algorithms to solve it: 1) Approximate NDS, and 2) Social Score algorithm. Performance evaluation based on real social traffic data shows that both algorithms reduce peer-to-peer social traffic by an order of magnitude.


Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are some of the most damaging factors for living systems. Cells produce ROS during normal metabolism reactions, but ROS production increases under stressful conditions. Improving the antioxidant system in cultivated plants will increase their tolerance to abiotic stresses, such as salinity, drought and cold. However, the biochemical components of the system are redundant, for each reaction is catalyzed by a series of enzymes encoded by different genes. Choosing the most perspective components of this system will help speed up evaluat-ing the optimal breeding strategy for improving abiotic stress tolerance in economically valuable plants. In the present research article, we present the results of an integrative analysis of evolution- and expression-related characteristics. The work was carried out on a series of genes that belong to 4 functional groups (APX, GPX, SOD and CAT) of enzymatic components of the antioxidant defense system in six species of C 3 cereal plants and 3 species of C 4 cereal plants. As a result, 25 groups of orthologous genes were evaluated and described. The highest gene expression level and the greatest pressure of purifying selection were found to characterize six groups. These genes were chosen for further verification and use in breeding. Because these genes undergo the most conservative evolution and have the highest level of mRNA expression, we may assume that they contribute a lot to the antioxidant system functioning of the C 3 and C 4 cereal plants studied. We have shown that the integration of evolutionary characteristics and expression data represents a promising approach to predict target genes for plant


Three different high strain rate shear test techniques are applied on the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. Two techniques for testing of bulk materials and one technique for sheet materials are used: torsion of thin-walled tubes, compression of hat-shaped specimens and tension of planar shear specimens. The tests are carried out on respectively torsion, compression and tensile split Hopkinson bar setups. Although shear stresses dominate the stress state in these three tests, the local stress state and its distribution and evolution are different. Therefore, the three techniques are considered to be rather complementary than equivalent tests. In this work, the value of the three test techniques for material characterization is evaluated. Where possible, digital image correlation (DIC) is used to clarify the test results. In addition, parameters difficult to assess experimentally are estimated through finite element simulations of the three tests.


Objective: Salmonella species and Escherichia coli are major bacterial enteropathogens of worldwide public health importance that cause devastating foodborne diseases, thereby contributing to increased human morbidity and mortality. Both pathogens have also been found to contribute towards the spread of antimicrobial resistance through the food chain, especially in poultry. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella spp. and E. coli in broiler chickens at farm level, abattoirs, and open markets in selected districts of Zambia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in seven districts of Zambia to determine the resistance profiles of Salmonella spp. and E. coli obtained from broiler chickens at farms, abattoirs, and open markets. A total of 470 samples were collected which include; litter, cloacal swabs, and carcass swabs. Samples were inoculated into buffered peptone water and incubated for 24 hours then sub-cultured onto MacConkey and Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar plates. Identification of Salmonella spp. and E. coli was done using the API-20E kit and confirmation by 16S rDNA sequencing. Confirmed isolates were tested against a panel of 09 antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and interpreted according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Data analysis of the antibiotic sensitivity test results was done using WHONET 2018 software. Results: Overall, 4 Salmonella spp. and 280 E. coli were isolated. One of the Salmonella spp. was resistant to ampicillin (25%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (25%), and cefotaxime (25%). E. coli antibiotic resistance was highest to tetracycline (81.4%) and 100% susceptibility to imipenem. The antibiotic susceptibility profile revealed 75.7% (237/280) multidrug-resistant (MDR). The highest MDR profile was observed in 8.2% (23/280) isolates in which 6 out of the 9 classes of antibiotics tested were resistant. Out of the 280 isolates, 11.4% (32/280) exhibited Extensive Drug resistance (XDR). Conclusion: The study found antimicrobial resistance to E. coli and Salmonella spp. in market-ready broiler chickens which were resistant to important antibiotics and is of public health concern.


Application of diversion agents in temporarily plugging fracturing of horizontal wells of shale has becoming more and more popular. Nevertheless, the studies on determining the diverter dosage are below adequacy. A novel approach based on laboratory experiments, logging data, rock mechanics tests and fracture simulation was proposed to optimizing the dosage of diversion agents. The optimization model is based on the classic Darcy Law. A pair of 3D-printed rock plates with rugged faces was combined to simulate the coarse hydraulic fractures with the width of 2.0 ~ 7.0 mm. The mixture of the diversion agents and slickwater was dynamically injected to simulate the fracture in Temco fracture conductivity system to mimic the practical treatment to temporarily plugging the fracture. The permeability of the temporary plugging zone in the 3D-printed fractures was measured in order to optimize the dosage of the selected diversion agents. The value of Pnet (also the value of ΔP in Darcy Formula) required for creation of new branched fractures was determined using the Warpinski-Teufel Failure Rules. The hydraulic fractures of target stages were simulated to obtain the widths and heights. The experimental results proved that the selected suite of the diversion agents can temporarily plug the 3D-printed fractures of 2.0 ~ 7.0 mm with blocking pressure up to 15 MPa. The measured permeability of the resulting plugging zones was 0.724 ~ 0.933 D (averaging 0.837 D). The value of Pnet required for creation of branched fractures in shale of WY area (main shale gas payzone of China) was determined as 0.4 ~ 15.6 MPa (averaging 7.9 MPa) which means the natural fractures and/or weak planes with approaching angle less than 70° could be opened to increase the SRV. The typical dosage of the diversion agents used for one stage of the horizontal wells (averaging TVD 3600 m) was calculated as 232 ~ 310 kg. The optimization method was applied to the design job of temporarily plugging fracturing of two shale gas wells. The observed surface pressure rise after injection of diversion agents was 0.6 ~ 11.7 MPa (averaging 4.7 MPa) and the monitored microseismic events of the test stages were 37% more than those of the offset stages.


The Common/s as a principle of social organization is at the center of radical political debates as an alternative to the logic of capital and the market. In her essay Silvia Federici presents a feminist perspective on the politics of the commons, with special attention to the reproductive commons women are constructing in response to the displacements caused by the new expansion of capitalist relations.


Our objectives were to (1) compare the measured and predicted resting energy expenditure (REE) using 18 equations in normalweight
and obese adolescents, and (2) examine potential predictive factors for accurately estimating REE in obese adolescents.
The subjects chosen were 41 obese and 35 normal-weight adolescents living in an urban area in Indonesia. REE was measured
using indirect calorimetry and compared with predicted REE determined via 18 equations. New predictive equations were
developed via stepwise multiple regression analysis. Mean differences between the predicted and measured REE were within ^5% with 13 equations tested in normal-weight subjects, and only six equations in obese subjects. New predicted REE derived from our new equations was significantly correlated with measured REE (P , 0.0001, R 2 ¼ 0.5–0.7). Measured REE was overestimated by existing predictive equations, especially in obese subjects. New predictive equations need to be developed that take age, climate and ethnicity into account, in addition to physical characteristics.
Keywords: resting energy expenditure, obesity, adolescents, Indonesia, predictive equation


The flexibility and controllability of quadrotor helicopters have made them a recent focus of interest among robotics and AI research groups. At the same time, their popularity has led to a wide range of commercially available platforms, some at prices accessible for undergraduate educational use. This project evaluates the ARDrone quadrotor helicopter as a basis for use in undergraduate classes such as robotics, computer vision, or embodied AI. We have encountered both successes and frustrations in using the ARDrone to date. Looking forward, the quadrotor's capabilities do seem a promising basis for future curricular offerings.


Abstract This study examines the Law of One Price (LOP) in international commodity markets using fractional cointegration analysis. For proper evaluation of the LOP, fractional cointegration analysis seems to be appropriate because of its flexibility in capturing a wider range of mean reversion behavior than standard cointegration analysis. Out of nine pairs of price series examined, fractional cointegration supports the existence of the LOP in eight cases, as compared to three cases using standard cointegration procedures. Overall, these results suggest that there is a long-run tendency for the LOP to hold for commodity prices.


The article focuses on using web resources in the learning process. The appearance of new communication and information technologies determined a reorganisation of the education system. Thus, e-learning system has developed, which compared with the traditional one, offers new ways of conveying knowledge. The technological revolution of the '80s and the electronic one in the '90s transformed the economic, social and educational world. Nowadays, there are new systems of education that facilitate the educational process: distance learning, e-learning, blended learning, m-learning. Then, the article aims to present e-learning versus traditional learning, the advantages and disadvantages in learning online. Education based on web resources has many advantages over traditional education. Students can choose their areas of knowledge, they can pursue their own interests and can access information at their own level. Time is not determined as in a classroom, the program is much more flexible. Students can accelerate the learning process or slow it. Also, this type of learning allows both students and teachers to interact in an online community without being present in the same place or at the same time. E-learning system takes different forms from one country to another, from one university to another, depending on the needs and possibilities of students and institutions. Although education through web resources has many advantages over traditional education, we cannot always say that e-learning methods are most effective. It is obvious that the number of web users is rising and with it the quality of education increases. E-learning is gaining ground in the face of traditional education and students associate the internet with a real teacher.


Introduction: We investigated whether muscle ultrasound can distinguish muscles affected by post‐polio syndrome (PPS) from healthy muscles and whether severity of ultrasound abnormalities is associated with muscle strength. Methods: Echo intensity, muscle thickness, and isometric strength of the quadriceps muscles were measured in 48 patients with PPS and 12 healthy controls. Results: Patients with PPS had significantly higher echo intensity and lower muscle thickness than healthy controls. In patients, both echo intensity and muscle thickness were associated independently with muscle strength. A combined measure of echo intensity and muscle thickness was more strongly related to muscle strength than either parameter alone. Conclusions: Quantitative ultrasound distinguishes healthy muscles from those affected by PPS, and measures of muscle quality and quantity are associated with muscle strength. Hence, ultrasound could be a useful tool for assessing disease severity and monitoring changes resulting from disease progression or clinical intervention in patients with PPS. Muscle Nerve 51: 24–29, 2015


In this work, we present the RNN Tree (RNN-T), an adaptive learning framework for skeleton based human action recognition. Our method categorizes action classes and uses multiple Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) in a treelike hierarchy. The RNNs in RNN-T are co-trained with the action category hierarchy, which determines the structure of RNN-T. Actions in skeletal representations are recognized via a hierarchical inference process, during which individual RNNs differentiate finer-grained action classes with increasing confidence. Inference in RNN-T ends when any RNN in the tree recognizes the action with high confidence, or a leaf node is reached. RNN-T effectively addresses two main challenges of large-scale action recognition: (i) able to distinguish fine-grained action classes that are intractable using a single network, and (ii) adaptive to new action classes by augmenting an existing model. We demonstrate the effectiveness of RNN-T/ACH method and compare it with the state-of-the-art methods on a large-scale dataset and several existing benchmarks.


We consider the fundamental issue of what makes a 'good' probability forecast for a central bank operating within an inflation targeting framework. We provide two examples in which the candidate forecasts comfortably outperform those from benchmark specifications by conventional statistical metrics such as root mean squared prediction errors and average logarithmic scores. Our assessment of economic significance uses an explicit loss function that relates economic value to a forecast communication problem for an inflation targeting central bank. We analyse the Bank of England's forecasts for inflation during the period in which the central bank operated within a strict inflation targeting framework in our first example. In our second example, we consider forecasts for inflation in New Zealand generated from vector autoregressions, when the central bank operated within a flexible inflation targeting framework. In both cases, the economic significance of the performance differential exhibits sensitivity to the parameters of the loss function and, for some values, the differentials are economically negligible.


What's new, what's hot, what's timely? If you don't have time to search the Internet for the latest developments that might impact your work environment, you just might find some of that information in this "Capsule" column. Please e-mail any comments or suggestions to felix. firstname.lastname@example.com or to Co-Editor Barbara Johnson at firstname.lastname@example.com or Co-Editor Karen B. Byers at firstname.lastname@example.com.


ABSTRACT On two Florida reefs, submarine reef spurs 10-12 feet high and up to 50 feet wide were dissected with explosives so that internal structures could be examined. Millepora and alga-coated spurs were found to be composed mainly of in-situ coral (Acropora palmata). Comparison of living A. palmata with encrusted spurs suggests that a new interpretation of spur and groove formation is necessary. A. palmata growing in less than 20 feet of water on the seaward slope of reefs which face prevailing seas modifies its growth form so that the branches can accommodate the forward thrust of impinging waves. The branches become oriented in the direction of wave movement, and degree of modification is proportional to the wave strength. Continued unidirectional growth causes individual colonies to coalesce into fingerlike spurs that project as much as 200 feet into oncoming seas. These "living spurs" die from crowding when they reach the surface and subsequently become completely masked with calcareous algae and Millepora. Moving sand, in the grooves between spurs, prevents coral attachment, and periodic hurricane seas remove accumulating debris derived from the overhanging walls of adjoining spurs.


In order generate the carbide involutes scraping hob, a diamond grinder is needed to grind its shape. But the diamond grinder can not be revised by a traditional reviser. The only way to revise a diamond grinder is by another ordinary grinder. By employ a traditional grinder of large diameter and with high velocity, step by step, we can finally revise the diamond grinder to the shape of required. This paper introduced a new method to calculate and analysis the profile. This paper also researched the theoretical basis of this new method.


The theoretical and experimental current-voltage characteristics of Erbium silicided n-type Schottky barrier tunneling transistors (SBTTs) are discussed. The theoretical drain current to drain voltage characteristics show good correspondence with the experimental results in 10-/spl mu/m-long channel n-type SBTTs. From these results, the extracted Schottky barrier height is 0.24 eV. The experimentally manufactured n-type SBTTs with 60-nm gate lengths show typical transistor behaviors in drain current to drain voltage characteristics. The drain current on/off ratio is about 10/sup 5/ at low-drain voltage regime in drain current to gate voltage characteristics. However, the on/off ratio tends to decrease as the drain voltage increases. From the numerical simulation results, the increase of off-current is mainly attributed to the thermionic current and the increase of drain current is mainly attributed to the tunneling current.


: A study was conducted to find out the incidence of ocular complications in leprosy. The ocular lesions were found in 6.6% of lepromatous leprosy and 1.6% in nonlepromatous leprosy. Out of 150 patients with eye lesions 74% were males and 80% belonged to lepromatous leprosy. The age group in all the patients varied from 3rd to 6th decade. Mean duration of leprosy ln lepromatous leprosy was 6.2 years. The important eye complication observed were lagophthalmos (8.1%), corneal ulcers (10%) and iridocyclitis (24%). The loss of eye-brows (76%) was found to be most frequent in this study followed by corneal lesion (62%). It is concluded that examination of eyes are essential in all types of leprosy.


ABSTRACT Objective: Preeclampsia (preE) is a hypertensive disorder that occurs 20% in diabetic pregnancy. We have shown that hyperglycemia impairs cytotrophoblast cell (CTB) function. In this study, we assess apoptotic and anti-angiogenic signaling in excess glucose-induced CTBs. Study Design: Human extravillous CTBs (Sw. 71) were treated with 100, 150, 200, 300, or 400 mg/dL glucose for 48 h. Some cells were pretreated with a p38 inhibitor (SB203580) or a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) ligand (rosiglitazone) or with D-mannitol. Cell lysates were utilized to measure p38 MAPK phosphorylation, PPARγ, Bcl-2-associated-X protein (Bax), anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, caspase-9, and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression by western blot. Levels of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PlGF), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), soluble endoglin (sEng), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured in culture media using ELISA kits. Statistical comparisons were performed using analysis of variance with Duncan's post hoc test. Results: p38 phosphorylation and PPARγ were upregulated (p < 0.05) in CTBs treated with ≥150 mg/dL glucose compared to basal (100 mg/dL). Expressions of Bax/Bcl-2, Cox-2, and caspase-9 were upregulated (p < 0.05) in CTBs treated with ≥150 mg/dL glucose. Secretion of sFlt-1, sEng, and IL-6 was increased while VEGF and PIGF were decreased in CTB-treated ≥150 mg/dl of glucose (*p < 0.01 for each). SB203580 or rosiglitazone pretreatment significantly attenuated hyperglycemia-induced apoptotic and anti-angiogenic signaling. D-Mannitol had no effect. Conclusion: Hyperglycemia induced apoptotic and anti-angiogenic signaling in CTBs. The observed diminution of hyperglycemia-induced signaling by SB203580 or rosiglitazone pretreatment suggests the involvement of apoptotic and anti-angiogenic signaling in CTB dysfunction.


Land-use can affect nutrient loading to streams; however, there is little information about how land-use affects nutrient uptake processes in streams. Because headwater streams serve as regulators of water chemistry, it is important to consider how land-use alters nutrient removal capacity. We measured ammonium uptake and mass transfer coefficients in four forested and four urban headwater streams within the Upper Etowah River Basin, GA, during summer baseflow. Although discharge did not differ between stream types, urban streams had longer water residence times, were wider, and had more algal biomass than forested streams. Despite these physical and biotic differences that normally result in greater nutrient uptake, no significant difference was observed in ammonium uptake length or mass transfer coefficient in urban and forested streams.


This paper analyzed the dynamic performances of vertical machining center and investigated the problems of dynamiccharacteristics. The modal analysis in both experiment and simulation wascarried out to obtain the modal parameters. The vibrations of the machine spindle were tested to obtain the vibration spectrum under different spindle speeds. It synthesized and compared with the vibration and modal characteristic in order to investigatethe weak parts of the structure. It is concluded that modal characteristic has something to do with the vibration, and there is eccentric between the active rotor and driven rotor. This comprehensive comparison method for dynamic analysis is very effective.


A new test structure has been developed, which is comprised of MOSFET arrays and an on-chip operational amplifier feedback loop for measuring threshold voltage variation. The test structure also includes an on-chip clock generator and address decoders to scan through the arrays. It can be used in an inline test environment to provide rapid assessment of Vt variation for technology development and chip manufacturing. Hardware results in a 65-nm technology are presented. The significance of the bias dependence of Vt variation is discussed for SRAM product designs.


Inflammatory and 'non-inflammatory' forms of arthritis affect a large proportion of the population and these diseases can often lead to disability. Although the pain of arthritis can be relieved to some extent by the peripherally acting aspirin-like drugs, the progression of disease leading to joint destruction is largely resistant to current drug therapy. The synovial joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis are infiltrated with neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes and the resident cells become activated to degrade the cartilage and bone. The inflammatory and destructive changes that occur are brought about by the action of mediators or local hormones which are produced by a variety of cell-types. Lipid mediators, such as prostaglandins, contribute to the symptoms of arthritis while polypeptide cytokines, such as interleukin 1 and tumour necrosis factor, play a key role in joint destruction by activating the synovial cells and chondrocytes to release metalloproteinases, such as collagenase. Aspirin-like drugs inhibit the production of prostaglandins from inflamed tissues and thereby blunt the symptoms of arthritis. However, these drugs do not suppress the production of collagenase from connective tissue cells and, therefore, do not halt the degeneration of joint tissues.


This paper focuses on ungendered narrative with reference to select fictional works, to shed light on the elements that define the genre. One or more characters with an undisclosed gender are the focal point of the narrative. The paper discusses techniques that authors employ to keep gender hidden, such as employing inventive gender-neutral pronouns or not using them at all. Firstand second-person points of view are also common modes of narration, as "I" and "you" are gender-neutral. In depicting characters, authors consciously merge masculine and feminine stereotypes to create gender-secretive characters. The heterosexual love interest that has hitherto ruled the creative world is thus replaced by endless gender possibilities with which a couple may identify. Love, rather than the characters' gender, is at the forefront of these works. These narratives confront readers with the importance they assign to gender and their habit of pigeonholing certain behaviors, characteristics, and tendencies into a binary gender system. They force readers to question gender segregation and the consequences of choosing to defy the gender one is assigned at birth. Ultimately, these narratives ask whether gender matters in life.


Lindsay Bremner's volume of essays on Johannesburg's transformation after the demise of apartheid received the prestigious Jane Jacobs Urban Communication Book Award in 2011. The award - named in honour of the late social activist and author of The death and life of great American cities (1961) - is made annually by the New York based Urban Communication Foundation and aims to recognise outstanding books that exhibit excellence in addressing issues of urban communication. It is not difficult to surmise why Writing the city into being received the award for it contains an impressive collection of reflections both intellectually and visually on the city of Johannesburg.


Comprising the ecology of textile production, human ecology, as well as the waste ecology, the textile ecology aims not to harm environment and people during all phases of the textile production, from fabric to garment production. Several processes are applied to textiles, before the end product is obtained. We are intending to take into consideration all phases of fabric and garment production, including the applied processes as well as the used materials and chemicals. The remaining consumers also have a role in the pollution chain of textile industry. Apparel products, purchased and used by consumers, contain chemicals harmful for the human health, and after washing, the environmental impact of these products is inevitable. In this study, we investigate the effects of textile materials harmful for the human health.


Packet forwarding in Public Transport Networks is particularly challenging due to the high mobility, rapidly changing topology and intermittent connectivity observed in these networks. Though clustering of nodes can aid forwarding decision in these delay tolerant networks (DTNs), the clustering process is extremely costly in a large network. In this paper, we introduce a generic efficient clustering method which is suitable for grouping the nodes of large networks. We also demonstrated how encounter frequencies of public transport networks can be fed to that clustering algorithm in order to build clusters of nodes. And finally, our large scale extensive simulation study on real bus traces shows the efficacy of clustering in packet forwarding.


?Either you can decide to compete on price alone and pray you can maintain a cost structure to generate a profit, or you can provide magical moments that create value for your guests. . . . Throughout Secret Service, DiJulius demonstrates how to transform bland customer service standards into memorable customer experiences.?? from the foreword by Bill Capodagli and Lynn Jackson, coauthors of The Disney Way and Every Business Is Show Business
How many successful businesses provide the kind of unforgettable client experience that keeps customers coming back time after time and year after year? John DiJulius has built his award-winning business around a customer service approach that has earned comparisons to Disney, Nordstrom, and other legendary customer experience pioneers. In Secret Service DiJulius reveals how to develop behind-the-scenes systems that will enable your business to * develop a great corporate culture that shows in the dedication and passion of your front-line people * ?go deeper? with your existing customers * turn complaints into positive experiences * make each customer feel welcome, comfortable, important, and understood.
DiJulius will teach you all the techniques that have catapulted his business to the top, making him one of the most sought-after service experts in America. By quantifying and examining each phase of the Customer Experience Cycle, Secret Service reveals clever, practical ideas that can be transformed into repeatable best practices in any organization and at every level. Packed with examples applicable to a wide range of industries, this book provides practical, realistic ways to reap the benefits of greater customer loyalty, exponentially expanded referral networks, lower employee turnover, and stronger bottom-line results.


Volume 1: Part 1. Principles and Responsibilities Part 2. Code of Professional Conduct Part 3. Accounting and Regulating Matters Volume 2: Part 1. Some Basic Notions about Accounting Ethics Part 2. Ethical Theories Part 3. Economics and Accounting Ethics Part 4. Education of Accounting Ethics Volume 3: Part 1. Independence Issues Part 2. Ethical Reasoning by CPAs Part 3. International Comparisons Part 4. Ethics and Accounting Education Volume 4: Part 1. Historical Crises and Early Warning Signals Part 2. Enron and its Aftermath Part 3. Where Do We Go From Here?


This paper is the first in a two-part series in which the multiscale structures and development of oceanic precipitation systems observed in the Baiu frontal region during a field experiment of X-BAIU-99 are investigated. The meso-β-scale structure, and development of two merged rainbands on 27 June 1999, were observed by dual Doppler radars over the eastern part of the East China Sea. A southern rainband called LINE1 formed in a southwesterly wind field associated with a weak convergence line in a layer of 1-2 km. A northern rainband called LINE2 formed along the Baiu front ahead of cold northwesterly winds. LINE2 moved southeastward and merged into the quasi-stationary LINE1. As the merging occurred, LINE1 developed rapidly resulting from an intensification of low-level convergence associated with the cold northwesterly winds in LINE2. The two merged rainbands were reproduced well by a 5 km-resolution non-hydrostatic model, and the thermodynamic and moisture structures of the circumstances of the rainbands before the merging were analyzed in detail. The weak convergence line of LINE1 in the southwesterly wind field had a large water vapor gradient in a layer of 0.5-1.5 km. This line with the large water vapor gradient distinct from the Baiu front is named a "water vapor front" in this study. The present meso-β-scale analyses showed that two distinct fronts without any land effects existed in the Baiu frontal region: the "water vapor front" (LINE1) and the Baiu front (LINE2). The rapid intensification of the rainfall in LINE1 was induced by a combination of a strong convergence in the Baiu front, and a large water vapor supply from the south in the "water vapor front."


A collaborative oral history project was recently completed at the University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW) by students enrolled in a Spanish seminar course and library faculty and staff members at the University. The course, 'Hispanics in N.C.: Service Learning and Research,' was created and offered as one component of a public programming grant awarded to UNCW by the National Endowment for the Humanities and the American Library Association through these institutions' initiative called 'Latino Americans: 500 Years of History.' The course provided students with an opportunity to interview individuals in the southeastern North Carolina Latino community about their experiences in the United States. Students captured an audio recording of the interview which they later transcribed and provided a photograph of the interviewee. Library faculty and staff members were tasked with creating a digital collection to highlight the oral histories. Working within a limited time frame and with no funding for the project, the planning and implementation for the digital collection was completed by librarians in the library's Information Technology and Systems, Special Collections, and Technical Services departments. Utilizing technology, systems, and skill sets that were already in place at Randall Library, a final product titled, 'Somos NC: Voices from North Carolina's Latino Community,' was created. This article seeks to provide a practical discussion of the oral history project, outlining the Library's processes and project workflows as well as assessment and reflections. Synthesizing knowledge gained through the experience, the intent is to provide an example of how, through collaboration and innovation, small to midsized libraries can accomplish similar projects.


Advances in nanotechnology have allowed scientists to study biological processes on an unprecedented nanoscale molecule-by-molecule basis, opening the door to addressing many important biological problems. A phenomenon observed in recent nanoscale single-molecule biophysics experiments is subdiffusion, which largely departs from the classical Brownian diffusion theory. In this paper, by incorporating fractional Gaussian noise into the generalized Langevin equation, we formulate a model to describe subdiffusion. We conduct a detailed analysis of the model, including (i) a spectral analysis of the stochastic integro-differential equations introduced in the model and (ii) a microscopic derivation of the model from a system of interacting particles. In addition to its analytical tractability and clear physical underpinning, the model is capable of explaining data collected in fluorescence studies on single protein molecules. Excellent agreement between the model prediction and the single-molecule experimental data is seen.


Background The West Midlands Neonatal Transfer Service (WMNTS) is commissioned to transfer babies between designated neonatal intensive care (NICU), local neonatal (LNU) and special care units (SCU) in two neighbouring operational delivery networks (ODNs). The DoH Toolkit (2009) recommended that extreme preterm babies of less than 27 weeks gestation should not be delivered in LNUs or SCUs unless there are extenuating circumstances. This recommendation had been in place in the region since 2007. Aims To report on transfer activity of extremely preterm infants (<27 weeks gestation) since implementation of antenatal care pathways To compare ex-utero transfers between networks. Data Collection: Retrospective data analysis of WMNTS Excel© database (2009–2013) by a single investigator Results There has been no significant decrease in the number of extreme preterm infants transferred by WMNTS from LNUs and SCUs over the 5 year period (Figure 1). Analysing by ODNs we report a decrease in ex-utero transfer in ODN 1 compared with ODN 2 over the study period (Figure 2). Abstract PC.98 Figure 1 Abstract PC.98 Figure 2 Conclusion In the study period there is no overall decrease in ex-utero referrals numbers. However, there is a difference in the change of referral rates between the two networks and further work is necessary to understand this. Possible hypotheses include lack of maternity and obstetric capacity in NICUs, lack of understanding of referral patterns, and different rates of antenatal complications, preventing in-utero transfers. Limitation We are aware that the West Midlands has a rising birth rate, which has not been taken into account in this analysis. Reference DoH. Toolkit for High Quality Neonatal Services, 2009.


Distributed antenna systems (DAS) have been shown to considerably outperform conventional cellular systems in terms of capacity improvement and interference resilience. However, the influence of frequency reuse planning on the performance of DAS remains relatively unknown. To partially fill this gap, this paper presents a comparative analysis of the down-link of DAS versus conventional cellular systems using different values of frequency reuse factor. The analysis assumes Rayleigh fading channels and it also considers maximum-ratio-combining (MRC) receivers at the user terminals to exploit diversity both in the transmission and reception links. Numerical evaluation of the analytical expressions shows that, in general, for most of the cases DAS can achieve better performance figures than conventional cellular systems using considerably smaller values of frequency reuse factor. Conversely, DAS can significantly improve the throughput (2×–3×) and power consumption (6–10 dB) of conventional systems when using the same frequency reuse factor. An interesting result shows that in some particular cases DAS outperform conventional cellular systems no matter the frequency reuse factor used by the latter one, which indicates an effective capacity gain provided by the combined operation of DAS and MRC receivers.


The proliferation of digital goods has led to an increased interest in how the digitization of products and services affects consumer behavior. In this article, the authors show that although consumers are willing to pay more for physical than digital goods, this difference attenuates—and even reverses—when consumers are asked to make a choice between the two product formats. This effect is explained by a contingent weighting principle: In willingness to pay, a quantitative task, consumers anchor on quantitative information (e.g., market beliefs). However, in choice, a qualitative task, consumers anchor on qualitative information (e.g., which good dominates on the most important attribute). These differences in contingent weighting result in physical goods being preferred in willingness to pay, but their digital equivalent being preferred relatively more in choice. The authors draw conclusions from ten preregistered experiments and six supplemental studies using a variety of goods in hypothetical and incentive-compatible contexts, as well as within- and between-subjects designs. The article concludes with a discussion of implications for the marketing of digital goods.


This paper presents finite element (FE) modeling of the debonding behavior of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)-to-concrete interfaces subject to mixed-mode loading, which is realized through a peeling test of FRP composites externally bonded onto a concrete substrate. A cohesive zone model (CZM) is implemented into the FE model to represent the behavior of the FRP-to-concrete interface. Two element schemes (orthotropic plane stress element and beam element) were employed to simulate the behavior of FRP composite plate in the peeling test. The orthotropic plane stress element scheme, bearing a clear physical background and with an easy definition of the material property parameters following the composite mechanics, is found to be superior to the beam element scheme, and thus is utilized to conduct parametric studies. The influences of the peeling angle, the interfacial parameters (i.e., the configuration of the cohesive zone models, the interfacial damage initiation law (DIL), the interfacial damage evolution law (DEL), the coupling of mode-I and mode-II components), on the mixed-mode failure of the FRP-concrete-interface are carefully investigated. The results showed that the mode I component plays a critical role in the debonding failure of FRP-to-concrete interfaces even when the peeling angle is very small. The failure of FRP-to-concrete interface transits promptly from a mode II-dominated one to a mode I-dominated one when the peeling angle increases to a relatively small value (e.g., 4 degree) and subsequently the peeling force (i.e., the debonding strength of FRP) decreases dramatically. Such mixity of the mode I and mode II components should be appropriately considered for refining the analysis of FRP-strengthened RC beams and the FRP debonding strength design, for which a pure mode II interfacial failure was usually assumed.


Zschenderlein's and Rose's paper discusses the creative and exploratory dialogue and emerging developments of the collaborative process of the arts and science cross-disciplinary collaborative project of The Breathing City, brings together diverse fields of research and practice ranging from sonic design, composition, narrative, sensory experience, haptics and cognition to urban meteorology and pollution dispersion in a creative dialogue. It further explores the development of a collaborative cross-disciplinary arts and science process, from the initial discussions establishing common threads and emergence of shared concerns, to the exploratory creative experimental processes and addresses the experimental practices and methods of investigation aiming to develop various modes of representation by experimenting with the combination of evocative soundscape, visual imagery and scientific models of data representation to communicate and share insights into the challenges of understanding localised phenomena within a global context. The author's argue, based on their creative experimental practice and theoretical investigation, that the understanding of complex events and processes requires a unique interaction of the sensory, the aesthetic, the analytical and the rational. Further, that witnessing of complex systems in nature, such as flowing air currents within and above a city or climatic phenomena as formation of clouds i.e. temperature exchanges, can be at once highly evocative and yet illustrative of a process explicable by theory if one has learnt to see or discover the information or 'data' within the urban climatic atmosphere(s).


Purpose: The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is frequently activated in epithelial ovarian cancer, and is regarded as an attractive therapeutic target for therapy. Preclinical investigations using rapamycin and its analogs have demonstrated significant growth-inhibitory effects on the growth of ovarian cancer, but those researches were focused only on mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1), not on mTOR Complex 2 (mTORC2). We investigated the activity of mTORC2 and its role in epithelial ovarian cancer. Experimental design: Using human ovarian cancer samples and cell lines, (serous adenocarcinoma and clear cell carcinoma), we first examined the expression and activity of mTORC2. We next investigated the role of mTORC2 on the proliferation and invasiveness of overian cancer cells by knocking down the expression of rictor. Moreover, using 2 pairs of everolimus-sensitive parental and everolimus-resistant sublines, we examined whether mTORC2 is involved in the mechanism of acquired resistance to everolimus. Results: mTORC2 is frequently activated in human ovarian cancer, especially in clear cell carcinoma of the ovary. mTORC2 stimulated the proliferation and invasiveness of ovarian cancer cells in vitro. mTORC2 was hyperactivated in everolimus-resistant sublines compared to their parental cell lines. Inhibition of mTORC2 activity by siRNA sensitize the everolimus-resistant ovarian cancer cells to everolimus. Conclusion: mTORC2 is frequently activated in epithelial ovarian cancer, and is a promising therapeutic target. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2228. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2228


In general, virus-specific antibodies are considered antiviral and play an important role in the control of virus infections in a number of ways. However, in some instances, the presence of specific antibodies can be beneficial to the virus. This activity is known as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of virus infection. The ADE of virus infection is a phenomenon in which virus-specific antibodies enhance the entry of virus, and in some cases the replication of virus, into monocytes/macrophages and granulocytic cells through interaction with Fc and/or complement receptors. This phenomenon has been reported in vitro and in vivo for viruses representing numerous families and genera of public health and veterinary importance. These viruses share some common features such as preferential replication in macrophages, ability to establish persistence, and antigenic diversity. For some viruses, ADE of infection has become a great concern to disease control by vaccination. Consequently, numerous approaches have been made to the development of vaccines with minimum or no risk for ADE. Identification of viral epitopes associated with ADE or neutralization is important for this purpose. In addition, clear understanding of the cellular events after virus entry through ADE has become crucial for developing efficient intervention. However, the mechanisms of ADE still remain to be better understood.


As part of the Gambia Hepatitis Intervention Study hepatitis B vaccine has been integrated into the national Expanded Programme of Immunization (EPI) without major changes to the schedule of immunization or to the mechanism of delivery. Serological results on a sample of vaccinated children at 1 year of age show that the strategy has been effective in reducing the prevalence of persistently infected children. The number of non-respondents to the vaccine is low (2%) and the antibody concentrations attained in responding children should give adequate protection when they are in high risk of persistent hepatitis B infection. Integration of hepatitis B vaccine into the EPI is feasible and effective in Africa. (Authors)


A nurse with common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia was found to excrete a non-vaccine strain type II poliovirus for almost a year following a bout of gastroenteritis. Attempts were made to halt intestinal carriage of the virus in view of the possible risk of spread to immunocompromised patients and the risk of paralytic poliomyelitis to the patient himself. Three doses of killed Salk vaccine failed to stimulate salivary anti-polio antibodies. Excretion of the virus ceased spontaneously just before oral immunoglobulin containing high titres of antibodies to polio virus was used to halt virus excretion.


The Power Quality
(PQ), security, reliability etc., are the prime objectives of the power system.
The protection is developed in such a way that it should be selective, fast,
reliable and the cost effective. The study about the islanding protection in
Low Voltage (LV) CIGRE distribution and networks like this has been proposed in
this paper. This is achieved by developing the protection against the short
circuit faults which might appear at the Medium Voltage (MV) bus. The
protection of the network with significant penetration of the Distributed
Generations (DGs) is a complicated process. The DG units which are directly
connected to the grid such as synchronous or induction generators contribute
large short power, whereas the DG units which are connected to the grid via
inverters carry small amount of the short circuit power. This creates the
problems in the protection of the network. If the proper protection
coordination measures have not been taken, it might cause the mal-function of the
protection devices which put the portion of the power network into the security
threats. The selection of the islanding protection devices in this paper is
made to protect the network against bi-directional currents at the time of
short circuit fault. The LV CIGRE distribution network will enter into
islanding if a fault is cleared at the MV bus by the proposed islanding
protection devices. It is therefore, essential to detect the islanding in the
CIGRE power network. The detection of the island in this network is another
major objective of this paper. The detection of the island is proposed by using the technique which is based
on the voltage phase angle difference. The
simulations are carried out by using DIgSILENT power factory software version
15.0.


Abstract The Cobequid Highlands in Nova Scotia comprise a series of 365–360 Ma, REE-enriched, A-type granite plutons emplaced along an active shear zone. The purpose of this paper is to identify the sequence of REE minerals produced during long-lived, regional, hydrothermal circulation and its evolution through time. The fractures hosted in these granites were investigated using petrographic and scanning electron microscopes and the electron microprobe. Epidote-rich, biotite-rich, chlorite-rich, and Fe-oxide-rich fracture fillings have been observed. Mineral analyses revealed a variety of REE minerals in the fractures, including hydroxylbastnasite-(Ce), parisite-(Ce), synchysite-(Ce), cerianite, thorite, Nb-bearing minerals, hingganite-(Y), and chernovite-(Y). Cross-cutting relationships and mineral associations indicate that the REE minerals precipitated at different times and are associated with specific styles of hydrothermal alteration. Epidote was one of the earliest minerals to precipitate in the fractures, associated only with minor precipitation of thorite and hydroxylbastnasite-(Ce) and removal of As from sedimentary rocks, under low temperatures and reducing conditions. Biotite and chlorite precipitated shortly after epidote under more oxidizing conditions during which comparatively larger amounts of hydroxylbastnasite-(Ce), thorite, hingganite-(Y), and cerianite formed. The Fe-oxide-filled fractures formed in the latest stages of hydrothermal circulation and are associated with the largest variety and highest amounts of hydrothermal REE minerals, such as parisite-(Ce), synchysite-(Y), thorite, Nb-bearing minerals, and chernovite-(Y). The oxidizing conditions led to the precipitation of As and the formation of chernovite-(Y) after the alteration of hingganite-(Y). Thus the greatest remobilization and concentration of REE minerals took place during late, high-temperature, oxidizing hydrothermal circulation, apparently driven by minor late mafic intrusions.


Stochastic Gradient Langevin Dynamics (SGLD) is a popular variant of Stochastic Gradient Descent, where properly scaled isotropic Gaussian noise is added to an unbiased estimate of the gradient at each iteration. This modest change allows SGLD to escape local minima and suffices to guarantee asymptotic convergence to global minimizers for sufficiently regular non-convex objectives (Gelfand and Mitter, 1991). The present work provides a nonasymptotic analysis in the context of non-convex learning problems, giving finite-time guarantees for SGLD to find approximate minimizers of both empirical and population risks. As in the asymptotic setting, our analysis relates the discrete-time SGLD Markov chain to a continuous-time diffusion process. A new tool that drives the results is the use of weighted transportation cost inequalities to quantify the rate of convergence of SGLD to a stationary distribution in the Euclidean $2$-Wasserstein distance.