This article examines the local reception and manipulation of ideas at the edge of an international cultural network. Poorly institutionalised interwar Romanian race anthropology was a weak voice in both the formulation of domestic nationalist discourse and in internationally centralised scientific race classification. The author discusses how its scientific methodologies, models, institutional links and citation practices, and the national identity and origin narratives it proposed, reveal an imaginative, but never entirely satisfactory negotiation between interacting cultural worlds of local nationalist tradition and international science, and powerful competing traditions within both. While nineteenth-century French influence helped entrench ideas of national racial synthesis deeply in Romanian nationalist tradition, fin-de-siècle German influence promoted a hypernationalist concentration on ultra-native Dacian ancestors. Romanian race scientists creatively mixed French-style syntheses, sometimes even importing France's ethnic Celts, with the ethno-racial purity obsession and Nordic supremacism of the new, scientifically prestigious interwar German raciology. The latter was particularly strong in the newly acquired, formerly Hapsburg province of Transylvania, which had stronger traditional German links, including in scientific training. Attempts to synthesise these two traditions were varied and inventive, often proposing racial class differences in which peasants could be a romantic reservoir of prolific national biology, but also a natural underclass to dynamic urban Nordics. However, the major incompatibilities between German and Romanian nationalist traditions, including their different ethnic Others, inhibited the emergence of a single dominant nationalist narrative in raciology. Romanian race scientists instead achieved this in blood-group anthropology, in close alliance with other nationalist scholarly traditions like ethnography. Survey results allowed them to claim, in harmony with Romanian nationalist traditions of Latin descent, that Hungarian and Russian national rivals were inferior Asiatics and that the contested territory of Transylvania was Romania's biodynamic core. Even this narrative remained at odds with Romanian hyper-nationalist traditions of Dacian descent, however.


Stylosanthes is a predominantly neotropical genus with several species currently used as forage, for soil cover and improvement, and increasingly for leaf meal production. Some species are well adapted to prolonged drought conditions and to the acid, low-fertility soils that prevail in the tropics. This makes Stylosanthes particularly important for cultivar development for low-input production systems. Venezuela can be considered, after Brazil and Mexico, as the third centre of diversification of Stylosanthes. The most important Venezuelan contribution to cultivar development of a tropical forage species is S. hamata cv. Verano, an ecotype that was opportunistically collected in the mid 70s in Maracaibo and which is currently the world's most important pasture and ley-farming legume for the dry tropics. Stylosanthes species have a wide natural distribution in Venezuela and are found in a broad range of environments. According to taxonomic studies, eleven species occur in the country: S. angustifolia, S. capitata, S. gracilis, S. guianensis, S. hamata, S. humilis, S. scabra, S. sericeiceps, S. viscosa, as well as two new, as yet undescribed species. To properly assess and subsequently utilise the potential of both interand intraspecific diversity of Stylosanthes for cultivar development, and to create the basis for future collection strategies, a database of Venezuelan Stylosanthes material was assembled: approx. 1.000 specimens held in indexed Venezuelan herbaria and five major US herbaria were documented, and passport information of approx. 500 Venezuelan Stylosanthes germplasm accessions held at major gene-banks recorded, constructing a comprehensive biogeographical database. Using FloraMap, a GIS tool combining topographic and climatic information, maps of both actual and predicted distributions of each species were generated. As a result, we could identify not only species niches, plant populations and geographic regions with importance as a source of germplasm, but also collection gaps. The information assembled will furthermore help to better understand species distributions and adaptations, and to design further collection and conservation strategies. In addition, we found FloraMap to be a powerful tool for mapping geographic distributions, but to improve prediction accuracy, it needs to be complemented by other GIS tools which also take soil characteristics into account.


Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of child speech intelligibility and rate on caregivers' linguistic responses. Design: This study compared the language use of children with cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP±L) and their caregivers' responses. Descriptive analyses of children's language and caregivers' responses and a multilevel analysis of caregiver responsivity were conducted to determine whether there were differences in children's productive language and caregivers' responses to different types of child utterances. Setting: Play-based caregiver-child interactions were video recorded in a clinic setting. Participants: Thirty-eight children (19 toddlers with nonsyndromic repaired CP±L and 19 toddlers with typical language development) between 17 and 37 months old and their primary caregivers participated. Main Outcome Measures: Child and caregiver measures were obtained from transcribed and coded video recordings and included the rate, total number of words, and number of different words spoken by children and their caregivers, intelligibility of child utterances, and form of caregiver responses. Results: Findings from this study suggest caregivers are highly responsive to toddlers' communication attempts, regardless of the intelligibility of those utterances. However, opportunities to respond were fewer for children with CP±L. Significant differences were observed in children's intelligibility and productive language and in caregivers' use of questions in response to unintelligible utterances of children with and without CP±L. Conclusions: This study provides information about differences in children with CP±L's language use and caregivers' responses to spoken language of toddlers with and without CP±L.


This article emerges from research conducted across Australia on Aboriginal self-policing initiatives, generically referred to as "Community Patrols", "Aboriginal Patrols" or "Night Patrols". The study was intended to produce a national profile of Patrols, and similar services, around Australia. Our research reveals that Aboriginal people are actively engaged in a diversity of self-policing practices in urban, rural and remote communities across Australia. These policing practices differ markedly from those offered by the mainstream police and the private security sector in a number of crucial respects: the most obvious being that they are largely staffed by volunteers, operate without an arsenal of formal powers, and do not offer a commodified security service. Aboriginal Community Patrols are local initiatives by Aboriginal people evolved to intervene in situations where Indigenous people are at risk of enmeshment in the criminal justice system, or where they face multiple hazards associated with community disorder, alcohol, drugs and violence. Recent theorizing on the nature of contemporary policing, stressing some of the benefits of becoming linked to local security networks, provides a useful conceptual space for exploring the potential role of Indigenous self-policing, providing that principles of self determination are not sacrificed in the process.


This paper gives overview of theory called determinacy analysis and shows its relations with other approaches. The paper introduces original application of DA, brings out its limitations and shows the amount of calculations needed in case of approach used in this application. Different approach to solve the task of DA is presented.


Context: Addressing women's under-representation in the soft-ware industry, a widely recognized concern, requires attracting as well as retaining more women. Hearing from women practitioners, particularly those positioned in multi-cultural settings, about their challenges and and adopting their lived experienced solutions can support the design of programs to resolve the under-representation issue. Goal: We investigated the challenges women face in global software development teams, particularly what motivates women to leave their company; how those challenges might break down according to demographics; and strategies to mitigate the identified challenges. Method: To achieve this goal, we conducted an ex-ploratory case study in Ericsson, a global technology company. We surveyed 94 women and employed mixed-methods to analyze the data. Results: Our findings reveal that women face socio-cultural challenges, including work-life balance issues, benevolent and hos-tile sexism, lack of recognition and peer parity, impostor syndrome, glass ceiling bias effects, the prove-it-again phenomenon, and the maternal wall. The participants of our research provided different suggestions to address/mitigate the reported challenges, including sabbatical policies, flexibility of location and time, parenthood support, soft skills training for managers, equality of payment and opportunities between genders, mentoring and role models to sup-port career growth, directives to hire more women, inclusive groups and events, women's empowerment, and recognition for women's success. The framework of challenges and suggestions can inspire further initiatives both in academia and industry to onboard and retain women. Women represent less than 24% of employees in software development industry and experience various types of prejudice and bias. Even in companies that care about Diversity & Inclusion, "untying the mooring ropes" of socio-cultural problems is hard. Hearing from women, especially those working in a multi-cultural organization, about their challenges and adopting their suggestions can be vital to design programs and resolve the under-representation issue. In this work we work closely with a large software development or-ganization which invests and believes in diversity and inclusion. We listened to women and the challenges they face in global soft-ware development teams of this company and what these women suggest reduce the problems and increase retention. Our research showed that women face work-life balance issues and encounter invisible barriers that prevent them from rising to top positions. They also suffer micro-aggression and sexism, need to show com-petence constantly, be supervised in essential tasks, and receive less work after becoming mothers. Moreover, women miss having more female colleagues, lack self-confidence and recognition. The women from the company suggested sabbatical policies, the flexibil-ity of location and time, parenthood support, soft skills training for managers, equality of opportunities, role models to support career growth, directives to hire more women, support groups, and more interaction between women, inclusive groups and events, women's empowerment by publishing their success stories in media and recognizing their achievements. Our results had been shared with the company Human Resources department and management and they considered the diagnosis helpful and will work on actions to mitigate the challenges that women still perceive.


Reciprocal communication between the immune sytem and the neuroendocrine system is mediated via a common chemical language of shared ligands and receptors. The neuropeptide substance P (SP) has been implicated as a mediator of immuno-modulation. The evidence for substance P receptors on human lymphocytes is, however, controversial. The aims of the present study are to investigate substance P receptor (SPR) expression in human peripheral and mucosal mononuclear cells and to identify cellular sites of expression in human colonic mucosa. Using reverse-transcriptase PCR, we demonstrate that PBMC isolations are negative for SPR mRNA expression, whereas lamina propria mononuclear cell (LPMC) isolations express on average eight SPR mRNA transcripts per cell. In situ hybridization performed on surgically resected colonic tissue confirms the expression of SPR mRNA in LPMC in vivo. SPR mRNA signal was detected in LPMC, lymphoid follicles, and epithelium. The complementary technique of immunohistochemistry gave a similar distribution of SPR expression that colocalized with CD45 immunoreactivity. Dual-fluorochrome flow cytometry revealed SPR expression by CD4, CD45RO, CD45RA, CD8, CD19, and CD14 LPMC subsets, but not PBMC. Our findings suggest that SPR expression is distinctive of human colonic mucosal mononuclear cells and support a direct role for SP in mucosal immunomodulation. The Journal of Immunology, 1998, 161: 2232–2240. bidirectional communication between the nervous system and the system. Intersystem cross-talk is by common


In this research, surface modification was given to CD (Carbide Dispersion)-carburized steel used for sliding parts of vehicles, and functional evaluation was performed. It developed the DLC-coating which has multi-layered structure according to a UBMS (UnBalance-Magnetron-Sputtering) process as aims at improvement in the tribological properties in the sliding parts for vehicles. In order to maintain the adhesion with parent material (CD-carburized steel), intermediate layer that gradient hardness was generated. Structure of multi-layered part was made into ten layers. The multi-layered part consists of soft layers and hard layers. A soft layer bears high-ductility and the hard layer bears wear resistance and tribological property. Moreover, as functional evaluation of coating material, it investigated about the friction wear characteristic and influence that a DLC-coating has on the fatigue characteristic.


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The incidence of eight species of microcrustacea and seven species of Dytiscidae (adults) was recorded from 30 small, temporary pools, in January and early summer, over six years. Incidence of each species, both in January and in summer, was modelled using logistic regression. Three categories of predictor variables were included in the models. Firstly systematic environmental variables; length of previous summer's dry phase, inter-pond links caused by flooding, distance between ponds and macrophyte structural density. Secondly temporal factors; year and previous incidence. Thirdly individual ponds, representing patch-specific effects. Logistic regression provided effective models of incidence for most species. However individual species varied in the factors that provided significant prediction of presence and absence. Systematic, temporal and patch-specific predictors were all significant predictors for different species of both microcrustacea and Dytiscidae. No single factor dominated most models. Individual factors showed positive or negative relationships with incidence with different species. Length of previous summer dry-phase was the most common predictor for microcrustacea and beetles in January. Summer models were more varied; length of previous dry phase and flood linkage between ponds and macrophyte density were significant predictors in many models, year and distance less important. Patch-specific predictors were significant for five of the microcrustacea and four of the beetles. The results suggest that individual species show idiosyncratic responses to systematic, temporal and patch-specific factors, rather than most species responding in a similar way to one or two dominant influences.


Purpose - This paper aims to investigate whether a high level of voluntary disclosure attracts sell-side analysts. In other words, the authors check whether the number of analysts following a given firm increases with the extent of voluntary information that corporate managers provide in annual reports. Design/methodology/approach - The paper relies on regression analyses to study the relationship between the level of coverage by sell-side analysts and the extent of voluntary disclosure for a sample of 155 non-financial firms listed on the Euronext Paris stock exchange and members of the SBF 250 index. Findings - The empirical results show that the number of analysts following a given firm increases with the extent of voluntary disclosure. Consequently, the authors conclude that analysts are interested in the volume of information provided voluntarily by corporate managers. Their interest varies across the voluntary-information categories (strategic, financial, non-financial and governance) disclosed in annual reports. Originality/value - This study extends previous research by investigating sell-side analysts' preferences in terms of voluntary-information categories in annual reports. A better understanding of the effects of sub-categories of voluntary information is useful to corporate managers wishing to meet market expectations and attract sell-side analysts. In fact, the authors verify how each category of disclosed information (strategic, financial, non-financial and governance) affects the analyst coverage intensity. In addition, the authors apply our study in the rather interesting empirical setting that is France, which is characterized by a low investor protection and a large number of active analysts.


The best level of ordering and straightening of carbon nanotube arrays is often achieved when they are grown in a dielectric matrix, so such structures present the most suitable candidates for future channeling experiments with carbon nanotubes. Consequently, we investigate here how the dynamic polarization of carbon valence electrons in the presence of various surrounding dielectric media affects the angular distributions of protons channeled through (11,~9) single-wall carbon nanotubes. Proton speeds between 3 and 10 a.u., corresponding to energies of 0.223 and 2.49 MeV, are chosen with the nanotube's length varied between 0.1 and 1 $\mu$m. We describe the repulsive interaction between a proton and the nanotube's atoms in a continuum-potential approximation based on the Doyle-Turner potential, whereas the attractive image force on a proton is calculated using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the dynamic response of the nanotube valence electrons, while assigning to the surrounding medium an appropriate (frequency dependent) dielectric function. The angular distributions of channeled protons are generated using a computer simulation method which solves the proton equations of motion in the transverse plane numerically. Our analysis shows that the presence of a dielectric medium can strongly affect both the appearance and positions of maxima in the angular distributions of channeled protons.


The main purpose of the following inquiry is to emphasise the importance of a phenomenon long neglected by the majority of the human sciences, the artefact; each one of us, no matter what age, sex or culture, is in contact with artefacts every moment of our lives yet despite this they have received scant attention. The study begins by outlining a definition of the artefact, highlighting those characteristics which, in combination, ensure its centrality to social life before, through a discussion of Popper's ideas, proceeding to see how material culture can be conceptualised as meaningful. In order to understand how meaning becomes attached to the artefact the notion of objectification will be analysed and, consequently, so shall the importance of both the type of activity and the physical nature of the materials involved in the artefact's production. Picking up on the theme of materiality this aspect of material culture will be shown to pose major problems to any interpretation of the artefact along semiological lines; language and material culture are evinced to possess fundamentally distinct characteristics which make comparisons between them far from straightforward. These differences will be analysed further, concentrating specifically on the role of context in the establishment of meaning. This leads on to the proposal that our understanding of artefacts can occur on three levels; three forms of knowledge are thus described of which a linguistically formulated type constitutes just one kind. The penultimate chapter tackles the ways in which artefacts affect us, how they are active elements in our relationships with them; therefore, a dialectical position is postulated in which both artefacts and agents take part. Finally, the study concludes by stressing some of its wider implications and suggests a few of the practical situations to which it can be applied.


In Marx's thought, is 'law of value' a particular law of capitalism (historicism) or a general law of the economy (naturalism)? To clarify this ambiguity, this article proposes to employ the social ontology of Cornélius Castoriadis. For it, 'labour' is not a substance, but a recent historical creation through which, finally, the capitalist mode of production expresses a fundamental truth about all society's way of being. From this perspective, we explore some consequences of this deconstruction for the theory of value as current neo-Marxist approaches may employ it today in their economic analyses.


In time-critical systems in which a human operator supervises multiple semiautomated tasks, failure of the operator to focus attention on high-priority tasks in a timely manner can lower the effectiveness of the system and potentially result in catastrophic consequences. These systems must integrate computer-based technologies that help the human operator place attention on the right tasks at the right times to be successful. One way to assist the operator in this process is to compute where the operator's attention should be focused and then use this computation to influence the operator's behavior. In this paper, we analyze the ability of a particular modeling method to make such computations for effective attention allocation in human-multiple-robot systems. Our results demonstrate that it is not sufficient to simply compute and dictate how operators should allocate their attention. Rather, in stochastic domains, where small changes in either the endogenous or exogenous environment can dramatically affect model fidelity, model predictions should guide rather than dictate operator attentional resources so that operators can effectively exercise their judgment and experience.


Abstract During a marine research expedition in 1983 in the Baltic Sea area air samples were collected for the analysis of several organic and inorganic pollutants. The aim of the expedition was to obtain information on the airborne load in the sea as well as to measure the concentrations of the pollutants far away from source areas. In this paper the background concentrations of the primarily traffic originated aromatic hydrocarbons benzene, toluene and xylenes will be presented. The concentrations of benzene were from 0.2 to 2μg/m3, of toluene between 0.4–3μg/m3, of m-xylene 0.02–0.60μg/m3 while the concentrations of o-xylene were 0.01–0.1 μg/m3. The concentrations did not depend too much on the origin (continental/sea type) of the air masses. A weak minimum in the concentrations of the measured hydrocarbons was noticed in the central Baltic Sea area. When comparing lead concentrations in fine particles (< 2.5 μm) with those of benzene, toluene and m-xylene some coincidence between them could be observed.


Abstract Vena cava thrombosis can represent a surgical challenge in the context of kidney transplantation. Selection of venous drainage in this setting should provide adequate venous outflow and minimize the risk of thrombosis and subsequent graft failure. We report the case of an adult female patient who presented for a deceased donor kidney transplant with incidental finding of complete inferior vena cava (IVC) and obliteration. After exploration of the retroperitoneal space up to the level of the obliterated IVC, a collateral venous branch was identified at the confluence of the right and left iliac veins. This was utilized as the site of the renal vein venous anastomosis. The patient recovered with immediate graft function. Follow-up ultrasound demonstrated patent vasculature without evidence of thrombosis or outflow obstruction. This report offers a surgical alternative to proceed in the case of an adult with unsuspected caval system obliteration.


Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer among men, with an estimated incidence of 1.3 million new cases worldwide in 2018. The current diagnostic pathway of PCa relies on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in serum. Nevertheless, PSA testing comes at the cost of under-detection of malignant lesions and a substantial over-diagnosis of indolent ones, leading to unnecessary invasive testing such biopsies and treatment in indolent PCa lesions. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive technique that has emerged as a valuable tool for PCa detection, staging, early screening, treatment planning and intervention. However, analysis of MRI relies on expertise, can be time-consuming, requires specialized training and in its absence suffers from inter and intra-reader variability and sub-optimal interpretations. Deep Learning (DL) techniques have the ability to recognize complex patterns in imaging data and are able to automatize certain assessments or tasks while offering a lesser degree of subjectiveness, providing a tool that can help clinicians in their daily tasks. In spite of it, DL success has traditionally relied on the availability of large amounts of labelled data, which are rarely available in the medical field and are costly and hard to obtain due to privacy regulations of patients' data and required specialized training, among others. This work investigates DL algorithms specially tailored to work in a limited data regime with the final objective of improving the current prostate cancer diagnostic pathway by improving the performance of DL algorithms for PCa MRI applications in a limited data regime scenario. In particular, this thesis starts by exploring Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) to generate synthetic samples and their effect on tasks such as prostate capsule segmentation and PCa lesion significance classification (triage). Following, we explore the use of Auto-encoders (AEs) to exploit the data imbalance that is usually present in medical imaging datasets. Specifically, we propose a framework based on AEs to detect the presence of prostate lesions (tumours) by uniquely learning from control (healthy) data in an outlier detection-like fashion. This thesis also explores more recent DL paradigms that have shown promising results in natural images: generative and contrastive self-supervised learning (SSL). In both cases, we propose specific prostate MRI image manipulations for a PCa lesion classification downstream task and show the improvements offered by the techniques when compared with other initialization methods such as ImageNet pre-training. Finally, we explore data fusion techniques in order to leverage different data sources in the form of MRI sequences (orthogonal views) acquired by default during patient examinations and that are commonly ignored in DL systems. We show improvements in a PCa lesion significance classification when compared to a single input system (axial view).


Keywords: credibility of the news, student interest

Presenting news for interested viewers need a lot of things from each other closely related. Among them is the necessary appearance of a news anchor with a high attraction to deliver the news to viewers. Hence, Coverage 6 SCTV in an attempt to attract viewers to watch the news broadcast is not enough just to pack packaging is good news, but also must show announcer who have high credibility. Among them, must be intelligent and knowledgeable.
SCTV news division (Coverage 6: Morning, afternoon, evening and night) and news anchor who has been widely known by people all over Indonesia. Various awards have been achieved by coverage of 6, including The Index Customer Satisfaction Award (ICSA), Panasonic's Award for the Best News Programme, and the Best Brand Award. As well as preaching division, newscasters Liputan 6 has ever won the award, including Panasonic's Award for the Best Male & Female News Presenter and one announcer, namely Rosiana Silalahi never won prestigious awards as the Anchor and the Current Affair Favorites Panasonic awards Awards 2004.
The formulation of the problem in this study was there any influence of the credibility of the news coverage of 6 SCTV on student interest in watching Coverage 6 SCTV, and how big the influence of the credibility of newscasters Coverage 6 SCTV on student interest in watching Coverage 6 SCTV. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is influence of the credibility of the news coverage of 6 SCTV on student interest in watching Coverage 6 SCTV, and to know how big the influence of the credibility of newscasters Coverage 6 SCTV on student interest in watching Coverage 6 SCTV.
This research was explanative, namely to test the hypothesized relationship between variables. The hypothesis itself describes the influence between two variables or more, to find out whether a variable is affected or not by other variables. While basic research is a survey research by collecting data from a number of units or individuals in time (or period of time) the same.
The population was a student of Communication Faculty of Social Sciences Journalism Force 2003 UMM concentration of the active college with certain characteristics are consistent with the objectives of this research. Based on these characteristics, the total population is obtained by 47 students. Samples obtained by using the total sampling, which is equal to the total population of 47 students.
Data collection techniques used in this study were questionnaires and documentation. To find the influence of the credibility of newscasters Coverage 6 SCTV (X) against the interests of students witnessed Coverage 6 SCTV (Y) used linear regression formula, Y = a + bX.
The results showed Y = -4.326 +1.018. This shows that the credibility of the news coverage of 6 SCTV positive effect on student interest in watching Coverage 6 SCTV. To find out how much credibility to the interest rate effect can be seen from the coefficient of determination that indicates a value of 0.537. This level indicates that the dependent variable is influenced by 53.7% by the independent variables. Thus, the influence generated including at strong levels, while 46.3% are influenced by other variables not addressed in this study.


A technique to extract the off-state floating-body (FB) voltage of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS devices is presented. The bias dependent S-parameter measurements of a single standard FB SOI device and its equivalent circuit, along with the capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements between the drain and source of the same device, are used to determine the FB voltage. No special test structure design is needed. The technique proposes a method for the extraction of the parasitic source, drain, and gate resistances. Using the technique, FB voltage in excess of 0.4 V is measured in a partially depicted (PD) NMOS device at drain voltage of 2.5 V and zero gate voltage.


Steve Titmarsh Michele Poliziani Richard E Russell 3 1M&F Health, London EC1N 8TE, UK; 2Opinion Health, London W1F 8QA, UK; 3Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK Background: There is a lack of data on the impact of COPD on individuals, their illness, behavior and attitude to the disease. Method: 500 UK patients with a primary care diagnosis of COPD responded to an online survey. Results: 61.2% of respondents were female and 85.8% were between 50 and 80 years old. Two-thirds (67.8%) of respondents did not smoke at the time of the survey. Almost half of those surveyed (46.2%, n=231) used three inhalers, and 31% (n=155) agreed or strongly agreed with the statement "I feel that my treatment is not adequately controlling my condition", while 39.4% (n=197) disagreed or strongly disagreed. 48.8% (n=244) agreed their COPD was well managed. Over half the sample (56.8%, n=284) said they never forgot to use their inhaler as prescribed. Checks on inhaler use by doctors or nurses were reported as every six months/twice a year by 24.4% (n=122) and once a year by 38.8% (n=194). However, 17.2% (n=86) said their technique had never been checked, and at their last annual review, a third (33.2%, n=166) did not receive inhaler technique advice. Exacerbations were reported to affect an average of 7.4 days a year. They led to time in hospital, time off work and significantly affected quality of life. Patients reported that their COPD affected all aspects of their daily lives to a greater or lesser extent, with some living in fear of what the impact of the next flare-up could bring. Conclusion: COPD impairs people's ability to carry out daily tasks, leads to hospital admission, time off work and even unemployment. Respondents reported stress, worry and depression or low mood because of their COPD. This study highlights areas of concern for patients not being addressed by health care practitioners, including: pulmonary rehabilitation referral, better information giving and medicines optimization.


In this paper, we investigate the problem of designing the mobile elements tours such that the length of each tour is below a per-determined length and the depth of the multi-hop routing trees bounded by k. The path of the mobile element is designed to visit subset of the nodes (cache points). These cache points store other nodes data. To address this problem, we propose two heuristic-based solutions. Our solutions take into consideration the distribution of the nodes during the establishment of the tour. The results of our experiments indicate that our schemes significantly outperforms the best comparable scheme in the literature.


Background: Prevention or management of pain is an important objective in root canal treatment. Post-endodontic pain has always been an important concern for patients and clinicians. Informing patients regarding the possibility of postendodontic pain and drug administration for its management can improve their trust in dentists, raise their pain threshold and increase their tendency to seek further dental treatments. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the attitude of Hamadan dentists towards the administration of analgesics for the management of postendodontic pain. Patients and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011 in Hamadan city, Iran. Data was collected using a questionnaire including demographic information and questions about administration of analgesics for endodontic patients. All participants filled out the questionnaires anonymously. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 and descriptive statistics. Results: Eighty questionnaires were completed by dentists. Most dentists reported to use ibuprofen mostly to alleviate mild to moderate and severe endodontic pain in healthy individuals. Only 42 dentists (52.5%) used intracanal medicaments to relieve pain. Conclusions: The overall level of knowledge of general dentists in Hamadan city about the prescription of analgesics was satisfactory. Dentists should be aware of the latest advancements in their field and maintain their level of knowledge by regularly participating in continuous education programs and accessing relevant scientific resources.


The Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetic Questionnaire (PIDAQ) is an instrument that measures several aspects of oral health-related quality of life, as it relates to patients with dental aesthetic impairments. However, the PIDAQ was developed for orthodontic patients, who typically have aesthetic concerns that differ from those of prosthodontic patients. The aim of this study was to develop an Indonesian version of the PIDAQ, focused on prosthodontic patients. The questionnaire was translated into Indonesian, back-translated, pretested, and cross-culturally adapted. We carried out qualitative interviews of 20 subjects, age 24–72 years and with equal proportion of gender. All patients were undergoing aesthetic prosthodontic treatments, and the questions focused on the perceived psychosocial impact of treatment. Following reconciliation by an expert committee, on the basis of the original version, the questionnaire was translated, backtranslated, and the outcomes of the qualitative interviews were used to finalize the revised instrument. A modification of three additional items and adjustment of responses was made to accommodate the appropriate within target settings. After the pretesting, the adapted Indonesian PIDAQ emerged as an instrument that was easy to use with adult and elderly patients undergoing prosthodontic treatments. However, further analyses of the questionnaire's psychometric properties are needed to confirm its validity and reliability in target settings. Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2019; 12(2): 655-662)


When component-based development is applied to distributed embedded systems, which are often safety-critical and subject to real-time constraints, it is of significant importance that reliable predictions of functional and extra functional properties can be derived at design-time. Preferably, analysis should be performed in early development phases, where the cost of modifying the design is lower. Centered on an example application from the automation domain, we show how a component model specifically intended for embedded systems can be combined with a language for high-level formal behavior modeling. This permits analysis of system properties, while also supporting reuse of behavioral models when components are reused.


Growing socioeconomic disparity is a global concern, as it could affect population health. The author and colleagues have investigated the health impacts of socioeconomic disparities as well as the pathways that underlie those disparities. Our meta-analysis found that a large population has risks of mortality and poor self-rated health that are attributable to income inequality. The study results also suggested the existence of threshold effects (ie, a threshold of income inequality over which the adverse impacts on health increase), period effects (ie, the potential for larger impacts in later years, specifically after the 1990s), and lag effects between income inequality and health outcomes. Our other studies using Japanese national representative survey data and a large-scale cohort study of Japanese older adults (AGES cohort) support the relative deprivation hypothesis, namely, that invidious social comparisons arising from relative deprivation in an unequal society adversely affect health. A study with a natural experiment design found that the socioeconomic gradient in self-rated health might actually have become shallower after the 1997–98 economic crisis in Japan, due to smaller health improvements among middle-class white-collar workers and middle/upper-income workers. In conclusion, income inequality might have adverse impacts on individual health, and psychosocial stress due to relative deprivation may partially explain those impacts. Any study of the effects of macroeconomic fluctuations on health disparities should also consider multiple potential pathways, including expanding income inequality, changes in the labor market, and erosion of social capital. Further studies are needed to attain a better understanding of the social determinants of health in a rapidly changing society.


The function of the human nucleotide excision repair (NER) apparatus is to remove bulky adducts from damaged DNA. In an effort to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in the recognition and excision of bulky lesions, we investigated a series of site specifically modified oligonucleotides containing single, well‐defined polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) diol epoxide‐adenine adducts. Covalent adducts derived from the bay region PAH, benzo[a]pyrene, are removed by human NER enzymes in vitro. In contrast, the stereochemically analogous N6‐dA adducts derived from the topologically different fjord region PAH, benzo[c]phenanthrene, are resistant to repair. The evasion of DNA repair may play a role in the observed higher tumorigenicity of the fjord region PAH diol epoxides. We are elucidating the structural and thermodynamic features of these adducts that may underlie their marked distinction in biologic function, employing high‐resolution nuclear magnetic resonance studies, measurements of thermal stabilities of the PAH diol epoxide‐modified oligonucleotide duplexes, and molecular dynamics simulations with free energy calculations. Our combined findings suggest that differences in the thermodynamic properties and thermal stabilities are associated with differences in distortions to the DNA induced by the lesions. These structural effects correlate with the differential NER susceptibilities and stem from the intrinsically distinct shapes of the fjord and bay region PAH diol epoxide‐N6‐adenine adducts. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Nucleic Acid Sci) 65: 202–210, 2002


People with disabilities are disproportionately over-represented as suspects of crime throughout the world, and experience greater barriers within the pre- and post-trial criminal process than suspects without disabilities. Evidence suggests that police officers are increasingly coming into contact with persons with disabilities and are acting as
gatekeepers to mental health services, earning them the moniker "psychiatrists in blue." People with serious psychosocial disabilities are also more likely to experience stigma on the basis of their impairment, which may influence police officers' attitudes and treatment
of persons with disabilities.

This thesis will analyse the current barriers to justice for suspects with intellectual and psychosocial disabilities within the Irish pre-trial process; from the initial arrest, through to their detention in police custody and police interrogation. From the initial contact with the police, the pre-trial process presents many critical obstacles for suspects with psychosocial
disabilities. The outcomes associated with these obstacles often have dramatic and lasting effects on subsequent trial proceedings and ultimate determinations of guilt or innocence.

The objective of this thesis is to examine the existing laws and policies relating to persons with disabilities who have been arrested and to assess the accommodations in place to ensure their right of equal access to justice and secure their effective participation in the criminal and trial processes. It will demonstrate that the human rights provisions contained
in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities can play a critical role in informing and shaping criminal justice reforms in Ireland, with particular regard to the right of Access to Justice as provided under Article 13. This thesis will also draw upon comparative laws and practices, particularly from England and Wales, with a view towards identifying models of best practice which could be adopted in Ireland.


Cells of rat rhabdomyosarcoma Ra-2 inoculated intravenously were trapped only in lungs and formed progressively growing monoclonal metastases. The population of clones was sensitive to the sarcolysin treatment (10-30 mg/kg) at all stages of clone formations (from 1 to 14 days). The drug acted by two ways: by the reduction of the number of clones and by the clone growth rate inhibition. Independent variability of both types of the clone sensitivity resulted in the highly heterogeneous response of clone populations to the sarcolysin treatment.


AIMS/BACKGROUND: Automated perimetry is both one of the most important diagnostic procedures in ophthalmology and the most difficult for the patient who is required to comply with strict and tiring conditions. This paper examines the use of a moving fixation target and a strategy for full threshold determination only in those data points found to be abnormal. METHODS: 142 eyes in 71 patients were subjected to two types of visual field tests: the Dicon TKS 4000 Autoperimeter program 5 and the Humphrey field analyser program 30/2. The first procedure was compared with a commonly used instrument and strategy that is usually employed for the management of glaucoma patients. RESULTS: Such a strategy was used in patients presenting with neuro-ophthalmic problems taking an average testing time of 14.9 minutes. The alternative test described here took an average of 3.9 minutes, without loss of diagnostic value. CONCLUSION: The shorter testing time results in greater patient acceptance, fewer fatigue induced artefacts, and the possibility of completing a perimetry test with patients whose ability might seriously be challenged by a longer test. The reduced time required and the more natural condition of not having to fixate on an unmoving position were found not to reduce the diagnostic value of the data produced in patients presenting for various reasons at a neuro-ophthalmology clinic.


Quantitative palaeotemperature estimates for the earlier part of Oxygen Isotope Stage (OIS-) 3 are inferred from subfossil chironomid remains. The high-latitudinal study site of Sokli, northeast Finland, provides a unique lacustrine deposit covering the earlier part of OIS-3, and the chironomid remains found in the sediments show that a shallow lake with a diverse fauna was present at the study site throughout the record. Using a Norwegian calibration data set as a modern analogue, mean July air temperatures are reconstructed. The chironomid-inferred July air temperatures are surprisingly high, reaching values similar to the current temperature at the study site. Other proxies that were applied to the sediments included the analysis of botanical and zoological macro-remains, and our results concur with temperature estimates derived from climate indicator taxa. Summer temperatures for interstadial conditions, reconstructed with climate models, are as high as our proxy-based palaeotemperatures. This manuscript was published on OnlineFirst for Journal of Paleolimnology DOI: 10.1007/s10933-007-9133-y


This paper investigates a valuable setting called few-shot unsupervised domain adaptation (FS-UDA), which has not been sufficiently studied in the literature. In this setting, the source domain data are labelled, but with few-shot per category, while the target domain data are unlabelled. To address the FS-UDA setting, we develop a general UDA model to solve the following two key issues: the few-shot labeled data per category and the domain adaptation between support and query sets. Our model is general in that once trained it will be able to be applied to various FS-UDA tasks from the same source and target domains. Inspired by the recent local descriptor based few-shot learning (FSL), our general UDA model is fully built upon local descriptors (LDs) for image classification and domain adaptation. By proposing a novel concept called similarity patterns (SPs), our model not only effectively considers the spatial relationship of LDs that was ignored in previous FSL methods, but also makes the learned image similarity better serve the required domain alignment. Specifically, we propose a novel IMage-to-class sparse Similarity Encoding (IMSE) method. It learns SPs to extract the local discriminative information for classification and meanwhile aligns the covariance matrix of the SPs for domain adaptation. Also, domain adversarial training and multi-scale local feature matching are performed upon LDs. Extensive experiments conducted on a multi-domain benchmark dataset DomainNet demonstrates the state-of-the-art performance of our IMSE for the novel setting of FS-UDA. In addition, for FSL, our IMSE can also show better performance than most of recent FSL methods on miniImageNet.


Interaction of pathogenic bacteria with human cells is usually an essential step in the infection process. The bacterial invasion is stimulated by microbial binding to mammalian extracellular matrix proteins such as vitronectin, fibronectin or integrins. We have recently shown that some strains isolated from a clinical environment are able to grow at/or above 37°C. In particular, we demonstrated that P. fluorescens AF181 binds specifically to the surface of A549 human respiratory epithelial cells and that adhesiveness modulates the inflammatory response. In this study, the involvement of Alpha(v)Beta5 integrins and its respective natural ligand vitronectin (VN) in P. fluorescens AF181 adherence and invasion was examined. The host cell cytoskeleton and cellular tyrosine kinases seem to be solicited during the P. fluorescens-respiratory cell interaction; consequently, cytochalasin D and genistein decreased the bacterial adherence and internalization. Gene silencing of α(v), β5 integrins and vitronectin reduced P. fluorescens adherence and internalization to A549 cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that Alpha(v)Beta5 integrins and their natural ligand VN are involved in P. fluorescens adherence and invasion in human epithelial cells.


Traditional medicines derived from medicinal plants are used by about 60 per cent world population. Diabetes is an important human ailment officiating many from various walk of life in different countries including India. It providing to a major health problem, especially in the urban area: Gymnema sylvestre R.Br. (Asclepiadaceae) is a herb distributed throughout the world. The leaves of the plant are widely used for the treatment of diabetes and as diuretic in India proprietary medicine. G. sylvestre, an Ayurvedic herb, came to be known as "destroyer of sugar" because, in ancient times, Ayurvedia physicians observed that chewing a few leaves of G. sylvestre suppressed the taste of sugar. It is used totally all over India for controlling blood sugar. Several bio-active compounds have been isolated from the herb for diabetes care. It is believed to be used in dyspepsia, constipation, jaundice, haemorrhoids, cardiopathy, asthma, bronchitis and leucoderma. A scrutiny of literature revealed some notable pharmacological activities of the plant such as anti diabetic, antiobesity, hypolipidaemic, antimicrobial, free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory. The present review is an attempton various ethanobotanical and traditional uses, phytochemical and pharmacological approaches of G. sylvestre .


Purpose: The purpose of this article is to develop a research concept for business process simulation models that take into account all possible automation scenarios activated depending on the tested configuration of their implementation. Design/Methodology/Approach: As part of the research, warehouse processes were identified in one of the key Polish e-commerce companies. These processes were modeled in the next step using BPMN notation and simulated taking into account all model parameters. Thanks to the calibration of the models, it was possible to confirm their correctness. In the next step, the models were modified in order to implement automatic solutions, correct parameters. Findings: The developed scenario models allow for a comparative analysis of automation scenarios by activating or deactivating individual variants of the model. The simulation results obtained for various scenario models which enabled to distinguish the potential of using the simulation, i.e. a set of process parameters that should be subject to comparative analysis in subsequent stages of the research so that it was possible to verify the results of the implemented automatic solutions. Practical Implications: The changes taking place in modern logistics and warehouse processes are mainly caused by the increase in the requirements of final recipients in terms of the quality of services provided and the time of their implementation. The growing importance of online sales and the very intensively developing COVID-19 pandemic have made this distribution channel one of the key forms of obtaining and delivering products to end recipients. One of the essential elements of development is shortening process cycles, elimination of human errors or effective use of the resources involved through automation. Originality/Value: As a result of the analyzes, a research concept that allows the use of multi-scenario simulation models taking into account automatic solutions in warehouse processes, implemented in the e-commerce industry, was developed. This model will be used in further research on the results of automation implementation.


This paper makes the two following claims: 1) The legal dimension of loyalty within organizations goes beyond duties. The governance design aimed at ensuring loyalty may strongly affect standards that characterize each layer of the organization. The interaction between standards of duty and the governance dimension of loyalty should, therefore, be more tailored to specific legal forms and their functional correlation with ownership and financing. 2) There is a greater divergence than has so far been acknowledged between the function of loyalty in vertically integrated firms and in networks of small firms. This difference, created by the relationship between the duty and the governance dimensions, should have repercussions on the definitions of legal standards. In particular, it should reflect the different relationships between hierarchy, monitoring, and loyalty and the choice between prohibitory, authorization-based, and compensatory rules. The analysis concentrates on the key variables that may affect the choice between vertical and horizontal monitoring to ensure compliance with loyal behavior in two polar models: hierarchical firms and networks of small firms. It reveals the importance of considering the governance design when defining duties of loyalty and related standards to evaluate party-related transactions in both cases but, at the same time, the necessity of using different interpretive categories.


The exciting possibilities in the field of new quantum technologies extend far beyond the well-reported application of quantum computing. Precision timing, gravity sensors and imagers, cryptography, navigation, metrology, energy harvesting and recovery, biomedical sensors and imagers, and real-time optimisers all indicate the potential for quantum technologies to provide the basis of a technological revolution. From the field of Systems Engineering emerges a focused strategy for the development cycle, enabling the existence of hugely complex products. It is through the adoption of systems thinking that the semiconductor industry has achieved massive industrial and economic impact. Quantum technologies rely on delicate, non-local and/or entangled degrees of freedom - leading to great potential, but also posing new challenges to the development of products and industries. We discuss some of the challenges and opportunities regarding the implementation of Systems Engineering and systems thinking into the quantum technologies space.


An overview of recent top quark measurements in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$, $8$ TeV in data collected
with the CMS and ATLAS experiments at the LHC, using a data sample
collected during the years 2011 and 2012
is presented. The results include measurements of the \ttbar\ spin correlation, the top pair charge asymmetry,
and the cross section of \ttbar\ events produced in association with a W or a Z boson.
The mass of the top quark is measured using different methods. Some results on the same topics are also presented in data collected by the CDF and D0 collaborations at the Tevatron collider.


This paper relates our experience in designing from scratch a multi-threaded kernel for a MIPS R3000 on-chip multiprocessor. We briefly present the target architecture build around a VCI compliant interconnect, and the CPU characteristics. Then we focus on the implementation of part of the POSIX 1003.1b and 1003.1c standards. We conclude this case study by simulation results obtained by cycle true simulation of an MJPEG video decoder application on the multiprocessor using several scheduler organizations and architectural parameters.


Abstract The diagnostics are critical systems for the operation and research program of ITER, as they are used to protect the components, to control the plasma discharge, to understand the behaviour of the plasma and to measure its performance. Representing more than 50 subsystems, they add an extra level of complexity and technical challenge to the project. In order to ensure that the overall ITER machine will be able to reach its ambitious availability objective, a Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Inspectability (RAMI) approach has been defined and applied to the diagnostics as well as all the other ITER core systems. The purpose of this study is to estimate the inherent availability of the measurements groups used for machine protection and basic control in order to ensure that the ITER machine reaches its inherent availability objectives.


Zeolites are a class of aluminosilicate materials with many important industrial applications as catalysts, ion exchange materials and sorbents. A novel dynamic Monte Carlo program has been written that allows both the kinetic and equilibrium properties of zeolitic systems such as CaNa zeolite A and Na zeolite Y to be simulated. Many of the characteristic features of the systems, such as the concentration dependence and ratio of the diffusion coefficients are observed. This technique provides a valuable bridge between traditional Molecular Dynamics and Metropolis et al algorithm Monte Carlo simulations as the evolution of the system can be followed over much longer timescales than for molecular dynamics. Gravimetry has been used to study the adsorption and desorption of water on Na zeolite Y in the temperature range 100-190°C. Significant hysteresis was observed in all cases, probably caused by the movement of cations away from their original positions. The sorption kinetics were controlled by the transport of heat away from sample. The concentration dependence of the ratio of the chemical diffusion coefficient Dc to the tracer diffusion coefficient Dt is consistent with that for a double Langmuir model isotherm. The form of the isotherms and the concentration dependence of the molar entropy of the sorbed phase suggests that a change of state from a state consisting of molecules sorbed on fixed sites to a mobile, fluid-like state occurs. The co-diffusion of water and methane in has been studied using incoherent quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS). For the water molecules, it was possible to distinguish three distinct modes of motion: a fast short-range component within the zeolite cage, a slower long-range component and a rotational component. The rotational component was found to be an activated process. Using coherent QENS from deuterated methane, a lower limit was placed on the values of Dc and Dt for methane in Na zeolite Y at room temperature. The feasibility of using neutron spin-echo spectroscopy to study the diffusion of water in zeolites at low Q has been demonstrated and the tracer diffusion coefficient of water in CaNa zeolite A measured at 150°C. Neutron diffraction studies of deuterated methane in Na zeolite Y and deuterated water in Na zeolite Y have been carried out for a range of loadings and temperatures. The change in lattice parameter with loading was measured. There was evidence for the increasing delocalisation of methane with temperature in agreement with simulation. The shift in the location of cations in Na zeolite Y and CaNa zeolite A as a function of water loading was observed.


SUMMARY: The massive consumption of finite resources creates high economical and environmental costs due to material dispersion and waste generation. In order to overcome this, by-products and wastes may be used, to avoid the use of virgin materials and benefit from the useful inherent energy of the material. By adding value to the material, economic and environmental performance can be improve, which is called upcycling. In this paper, an exergy and economic analysis of a biogas process is examined. In order to investigate if biogas production from wastes can upcycle materials, biogas production from a byproduct from the brewing process is examined. From the analysis, the process is found to upcycle the by-product with an increase in exergy and economic benefit due to the generation of biomethane and biofertilizer. This analysis thus shows that by using by-products as such, the sustainability of the system may improve.


The relationship between carbon dioxide emission (CO2) and economic growth is one of the crucial topics in environmental economics. This study is aimed to investigate that problem. In this study, depending on the theory of Environmental Kuznets Curves (EKC), the impact of income in carbon dioxide emission has measured for 34 OECD and 5 BRICS countries with using Dynamic Panel Data Analysis. In this regard OECD countries are classified by income groups due to the average per capita income rate of OECD to solve the homogeneity problem among OECD countries. On the other hand EKC hypothesis analysed by short and long run income elasticity which will be using for an evident that a country reduces CO2 emissions with the income increase in this study. According to the findings of the study, % 36 of the country sample coherent with the EKC hypothesis. The main encouragement for testing this relationship between economic growth and CO2 emission is leading politicians to reconsider the environmental impacts which are arising from income increase when they are taking a decision to maximizes the economic growth. Keywords: EKC; OECD; Dynamic Panel Data


My text is a narration in the first person of an illness full of health. It is sustained in the necessity of putting order into and giving meaning to this crucial life experience, which has made me think about not only the meaning of my discomfort, but also my own relationship with all that matters to me, beginning with myself. And, on this road, I have tried to let go of the burden or let go of that which is not in accord with my desire. I have also written because I recognise my pain in other women and I know that words -of which I have needed so many- are a balm that, sometimes, even cure. But, above all, I have written to secure a return, a state of awakening that is being born, a return to me, woman, and that I am body.


The debate about abortion regret rests on competing assumptions about women's attachment to pregnancy. Antiabortion claimants argue women always attach to pregnancy (inevitably regretting abortion), while abortion rights supporters counter that women do not attach to pregnancies they choose to terminate (feeling relief instead). Neither assumption explains women's experience; research shows that attachment is discursively produced. Using interview data from 21 women, this study moves past these political claims to empirically identify three sources of women's emotional difficulty around abortion: social disapproval, romantic relationship loss, and head versus heart conflict. Findings point to the importance of attention to women's lived experience and space for complex feelings around abortion.


Dysfunction in the cortical regulation of subcortical dopamine (DA) neurotransmission has been proposed to contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, before such a hypothesis can be fully described, it is necessary to establish the normal functional interactions of these systems. To this end, in vivo microdialysis was used to measure extracellular subcortical DA concentrations during electrical stimulation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and during feeding in rats. Because excitatory amino acids such as glutamate (Glu) are thought to be the predominant neurotransmitters used by cortical projection neurons, assessing the contributions of Glu receptors to DA release evoked by cortical stimulation and feeding has been the primary focus of these experiments. Bilateral electrical stimulation of the PFC produced a rapid, current-dependent increase in DA release in the striatum and nucleus accumbens (NAc). This response was not affected by local application of the ionotropic Glu receptor antagonist kynurenic acid (KYN). In contrast, local application of the metabotropic Glu receptor agonist ACPD blocked the effects of cortical stimulation. Application of the ionotropic Glu receptor antagonists, AP5 and CNQX, in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) blocked the effect of stimulation on accumbal DA release. Thus, the PFC modulates subcortical DA release and this effect relies on Glu receptors in the VTA but not the NAc. Given that electrical stimulation is an artificial stimulus, it was deemed worthwhile to investigate the role of glutamatergic mechanisms in regulating DA release occurring under natural conditions, i.e. during feeding. Thus, in rats deprived of food for 18 hours, feeding resulted in substantial increases in DA release in the NAc. This effect was potentiated by local application of KYN and was blocked by local ACPD application. The effect of feeding was also markedly attenuated by application of ionotropic Glu receptor antagonists in the VTA. Thus, the neurochemical mechanisms regulating feeding-evoked DA release are consistent with those regulating cortical stimulation-evoked DA release. These results demonstrate that Glu receptor mechanisms in the VTA mediate increases in DA transmission in the NAc evoked by a variety of stimuli. Secondary to this effect, local Glu receptors inhibit basal and evoked DA release in the NAc.


Using Milan's entrepreneurship policies as a case-study, this paper explores the diversity that the broad policy category of 'inclusive entrepreneurship' may entail in terms of policy instruments and participants' experiences. To this end, the study considers
 policymakers, practitioners and young adults receiving local support to establish their own businesses. It does so by drawing on qualitative interviews. It argues that inclusive entrepreneurship policies may entail a 'differentiated inclusion' that is produced by the simultaneous
 interaction between diversified policy instruments and a system of inequalities that affect individual capacities to strategise entrepreneurial risks and opportunities.


Charities matter. They play critical roles in our economies and societies and we expect and receive much from them. The accumulation of assets by charities matters too as it raises profound ethical, economic and social considerations. These considerations are many. How should the public benefits produced by charities and affected by accumulation be shared between different generations? It is, after all, inherent in the notion of accumulation, that the delivery of some benefits will be deferred. Which generation(s) should decide that allocation of benefits? Might the decision-making discretion afforded to charity controllers over accumulation and the allocation of benefits increase agency costs and so reduce the level of public benefit achieved?
This thesis examines the role played by legal constraints on accumulation in answering these questions. That is a critical task, as there has been limited doctrinal and normative analysis of the legal constraints upon accumulation by charities, particularly in Australia. It reveals that the legal restraints contain significant gaps in relation to the intergenerational distribution of benefits and to the balance of decisionmaking between generations. In particular, the thesis asserts that, to fill those gaps, there is room for reform to better identify and incorporate normative principles into the rules.
Two reforms are proposed. First, charity controllers should be required to have regard to principles of intergenerational justice when exercising their powers, with accompanying mechanisms, such as more fulsome reporting, to support accountability. Intergenerational justice, which articulates the obligations owed to past and future generations including in relation to meeting basic social and economic needs of members of society, thus provides a normative basis for determining intergenerational distributional matters. Second, in the context of balancing decisionmaking between generations, it is argued that charity controllers should be given broader powers to disregard accumulation requirements, so as to afford greater decision-making freedom to current generations. That greater scope ought to apply where, without changing the broad category of charitable purpose, materially greater public benefit would be achieved by a more rigorous or efficient application of principles of intergenerational justice, or by the adoption of different principles of intergenerational justice. This approach is grounded in insights from intergenerational justice and from the cy-pres reform debates about creator intent, the achievement of public benefit and disincentivising giving. Both reforms are intended to be implemented in ways that safeguard charity independence from government.


Introduction: The U-Dream line of products are marketed as natural health product sleep aids in Canada and as dietary supplements in the United States. Several user reviews of the product mention concerning side effects not typically associated with the listed herbal ingredients stated on the product label. Based on these concerns an analytical study was undertaken to determine if the products contained any undeclared pharmaceuticals.
Methods: Product was screened by high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for known pharmaceuticals with sedative and sleep promoting properties. Based on the mass spectral screens an unknown compound was isolated for characterization by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and presence confirmed by Enzymelinked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).
Results: The mass spectral analyses indicated the presence of an undeclared analogue of the pharmaceutical drug zopiclone within the product lot tested. NMR characterization confirmed the compound to be a brominated analogue of zopiclone and a commercial zopiclone/eszopiclone ELISA kit tested positive.
Discussion: The undeclared compound was found to be an analogue of zopiclone whereby the chlorine atom was substituted with bromine. Given the results of the ELISA assay and the structural similarity to zopiclone it is likely the compound exhibits biological activity. Of considerable concern is not only the potential of the unknown compound to exhibit pharmacological activity, but the lack of a safety profile by which the risk can be properly assessed.
Conclusions: The natural health product regulations provide a framework for high quality, safe and efficacious products to access the market. It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to assure traceability and transparency in their supply chain and establish verifiable compliance with GMP. This study illustrates the importance of careful evaluation of analytical data in order to detect undeclared adulterants and highlights the need for an active monitoring and surveillance system for potentially high-risk products.


In the 19th century, non-Euclidean geometries were discovered and studied. In the 20th century, non-Diophantine arithmetics were discovered and studied. Construction of non-Diophantine arithmetics is based on very general mathematical structures, which are called abstract prearithmetics, as well as on the projectivity relation between abstract prearithmetics. In a similar way, as set theory gives a foundation for mathematics, the theory of abstract prearithmetics provides foundations for the theory of the Diophantine and non-Diophantine arithmetics. In this paper, we study relations between operations in abstract prearithmetics exploring how properties of operations in one prearithmetic impact properties of operations in another prearithmetic. In addition, we explore how to build new prearithmetics from existing ones.


Summary

1. Invertebrate bioturbation can strongly affect water-sediment exchanges in aquatic ecosystems. The objective of this study was to quantify the influence of invertebrates on the physical characteristics of an infiltration system clogged with fine sediment.

2. Two taxa (chironomids and tubificids) with different bioturbation activities were studied in experimental slow infiltration columns filled with sand and gravel and clogged with a 2 cm layer of fine sediment at the surface. We measured the effects of each taxon separately and combined on hydraulic head, water mobility and sediment reworking.

3. The results showed that invertebrates could reduce sediment clogging and this effect was linked to the functional mode of bioturbation of each group. Tubificid worms dug networks of galleries in the fine sediment, creating pathways for water flow, which reduced the clogging of sediment. In contrast, the U-shaped tubes of chironomids were restricted to the superficial layer of fine sediments and did not modify the hydraulic conductivity of experimental columns. The combination of invertebrates did not show any interactive effects between tubificids and chironomids. The occurrence of 80 tubificids in the combination was enough to maintain the same hydraulic conductivity that 160 worms did in monospecific treatment.

4. The invertebrates like tubificid worms can have a great benefit on functioning of clogged interfaces by maintaining high hydraulic conductivity, which contributes to increased water-sediment exchanges and stimulates biogeochemical and microbial processes occurring in river sediments.


Recent work on lattices matched to the Rayleigh fading channel has shown how to construct good signal constellations with high spectral efficiency. In this paper we present a new family of lattice constellations, based on complex algebraic number fields, which have good performance on Rayleigh fading channels. Some of these lattices also present a reasonable packing density and thus may be used at the same time over a Gaussian channel. Conversely, we show that particular versions of the best lattice packings ( 0 4 , Ee, E g , K12, A X , h), constructed from totally complex algebraic cyclotomic fields, present better performance over the Rayleigh fading channel. The practical interest in such signal constellations rises from the need to transmit information at high rates over both terrestrial and satellite links.


Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and plasma total calcium, ionized calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus levels were determined during the first 9 days of life in 137 normal term infants, 55 "sick" infants, and 43 hypocalcemic (Ca <7.5 mg/100 ml; Ca(++)<4.0 mg/100 ml) infants. In the cord blood, elevated levels of plasma Ca(++) and Ca were observed, while levels of serum iPTH were either undetectable or low. In normal newborns during the first 48 h of life there was a decrease in plasma Ca and Ca(++), while the serum iPTH level in most samples remained undetectable or low; after 48 h there were parallel increases in plasma Ca and Ca(++) and serum iPTH levels. Plasma Mg and P levels increased progressively after birth in normal infants. In the sick infants, plasma Ca, Ca(++) and P levels were significantly lower than in the normal newborns, while no significant differences were found in the plasma Mg levels. The general pattern of serum iPTH levels in the sick infants was similar to that observed in the normal group, though there was a tendency for the increase in serum iPTH to occur earlier and for the iPTH levels to be higher in the sick infants. In the hypocalcemic infants, plasma Mg levels were consistently lower than in the normal infants after 24 h of age, while no significant differences were found in the plasma P levels. Hyperphosphatemia was uncommon and did not appear to be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of hypocalcemia in most infants. Most of the hypocalcemic infants, including those older than 48 h, had inappropriately low serum iPTH levels. Evidence obtained from these studies indicates that parathyroid secretion is normally low in the early new born period and impaired parathyroid function, characterized by undetectable or low serum iPTH, is present in most infants with neonatal hypocalcemia. Additional unknown factors appear to contribute to the lowering of plasma Ca in the neonatal period. The net effect of unknown plasma hypocalcemic factor(s) on the one hand and parathyroid activity on the other may account for differences in plasma Ca levels observed between normal, sick, and hypocalcemic infants. Depressed plasma Mg is frequently present in hypocalcemic infants. To what degree the hypomagnesemia reflects parathyroid insufficiency or the converse, to what degree parathyroid insufficiency and hypocalcemia are secondary to hypomagnesemia, is uncertain.


Resistance to current chemotherapeutic or radiation-based cancer treatment strategies is a serious concern. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are typically able to evade treatment and establish a recurrent tumor or metastasis, and it is these that lead to the majority of cancer deaths. Therefore, a major current goal is to develop treatment strategies that eliminate the resistant CSCs as well as the bulk tumor cells in order to achieve complete disease clearance. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are important for maintenance and differentiation of stem cells as well as normal development. There is expanding evidence that ALDH expression increases in response to therapy and promotes chemoresistance and survival mechanisms in CSCs. This perspective will discuss a paper by Cojoc and colleagues recently published in Cancer Research, that indicates ALDHs play a key role in resistance to radiation therapy and tumor recurrence in prostate cancer. The authors suggest that ALDHs are a potential therapeutic target for treatment prostate cancer patients to limit radiation resistance and disease recurrence. The findings are consistent with work from other cancers showing ALDHs are major contributors of CSC signaling and resistance to anti-cancer treatments. This perspective will address representative work concerning the validity of ALDH and the associated retinoic acid signaling pathway as chemotherapeutic targets for prostate as well as other cancers.


This paper presents a workspace adaptive control method for the end-effector trajectory tracking of flexible robot arms in the presence of parametric uncertainties. A manifold is designed to describe the desirable behavior of the robot-system in terms of end-effector trajectory tracking and link vibration damping. A control scheme and the parameter update law are derived such that convergence of the motion of the robot to the designed manifold is guaranteed while the boundedness of parameter estimation is ensured. Stability of the system is verified by using the Lyapunov stability theory. Simulations were carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive control method.


Epoxy/polyurethane interpenetrating polymer network coatings(EP/PU IPNs) modified by organic montmorillonite(oMMT)were prepared by interpenetrating polymer technology and in situ intercalative polymerization methods. TEM analysis showed that there is interaction between the oMMT and EP, PU phase, and the oMMT plays a role of "cross-linking point", changing the EP/PU matrix microstructure. Electrochemical analysis showed that oMMT and IPNs of EP and PU exhibits synergistic effect on improving anticorrosive properties of pure EP. When PU content is 30%, oMMT content is 3%, the EP/PU IPNs coatings has the best corrosion resistance.


This article discusses frameworks for studying expertise at the knowledge level and knowledge-use level. It reviews existing approaches such as inference structures, the distinction between deep and surface knowledge, problem-solving methods, and generic tasks. A new synthesis is put forward in the form of a componential framework that stresses modularity and an analysis of the pragmatic constraints on the task. The analysis of a rule from an existing expert system (the Dipmeter Advisor) is used to illustrate the framework.


The first adult-repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) emerge in the mouse aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region at embryonic day 10.5 prior to their appearance in the yolk sac and fetal liver. Although several genes are implicated in the regulation of HSCs, there are gaps in our understanding of the processes taking place in the AGM at the time of HSC emergence. To identify genes involved in AGM HSC emergence, we performed differential display reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (DD RT-PCR). Differentially expressed genes included beta-catenin and homologs of human TM9SF2 and TAB2. We characterized the expression pattern of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, mTM9SF2, and mTAB2 in the embryo and adult. Interestingly, the expression of mouse TAB2 (mTAB2) in the E11 dorsal aorta endothelium suggests a role for mTAB2 in HSC emergence and/or regulation. The identification of differentially expressed genes in the AGM region should yield further insights into the development of this tissue and into the emergence and regulation of HSCs.


Severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome are still one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The current definitions of the diseases should be considered before treatment. The timely allocation to a perinatal center and an intensive monitoring of mother and child after admission are mandatory for successful management of these patients. The aim of therapy is immediate stabilization of the mother's condition by means of anticonvulsive prophylaxis with intravenous magnesium sulphate, well-controlled reduction of blood pressure by the administration of urapidil or nifedipine, controlled volume expansion and an adequate treatment of coagulation disorders by giving fresh frozen plasma (not heparin). Immediate delivery is the method of choice in cases of severe preeclampsia/HELLP syndrome > or = 34 weeks' gestations; we prefer cesarean section in patients with an unripe cervix and the full-blown picture of HELLP syndrome. In patients < 34 weeks' gestation expectant management is generally possible under intensive monitoring of the mother and the fetus. Maternal and fetal indications for immediate termination of pregnancy should be considered carefully. The systemic application of corticosteroids is a promising approach to prolong pregnancy. During the past decade the increasing awareness of obstetricians and other disciplines have led to a significant reduction of maternal mortality (< 1 %) and perinatal mortality (9.4-16.2 %) in cases of HELLP syndrome, in particular in the West European countries.


The Opacity Project (OP) and Iron Project (IP) are pioneering international collaborations which have been computing, for more than 25 years, massive atomic data sets for astrophysical applications. We review the data activities that have been carried out, namely curation, analysis and preservation, and the development of databases and computer tools for data dissemination and end-user processing. New opportunities within the current data-intensive boom referred to as e-science are described, in particular the Virtual Atomic and Molecular Data Center (VAMDC) that has been recently launched to consolidate and promote atomic and molecular database services.


The focused laser power beam is a thermal tool able to make clean cuts of metallic structures without introducing stresses in the workpiece. The amount of drosses produced is much smaller than for another tool. These properties are interesting to use the laser tool in hostile environments encounte-red in nuclear dismantling operations. In this specific application, it is necessary to take into account the constraints of the nuclear environment : radiations, confinment, aerosol products ; as also the technolo-gical laser constraints : transportation of the laser beam, crossing of the hot-cell wall, cutting of 3D structures. The first constraint is this of a remote work. We have been lead to develop a specific tool. This tool consists in five axis arm, slim enough to be introduced in a 10 inches diameter hole. The total length is 1.70 m, therefore the slenderness is very high compared with the weight (22 Kg). In this paper we present the technical elements of this laser robot : mechanical structures, articulations, actuators, beam handling system, nozzle cutting head and the robot controller. We give the first results obtained with this tool on different kind of workpieces in a non-active environment. This work is a cooperative programm with the Commission of the European Community (ROLD project).


Ultra-high speed machining technology enables high efficiency, high precision and high integrity of machined surface. Previous researches of hybrid bearing rarely consider influences of solid particles in lubricant and ultra-high speed of hybrid bearing, which cannot be ignored under the high speed and micro-space conditions of ultra-high speed water-lubricated hybrid bearing. Considering the impact of solid particles in lubricant, turbulence and temperature viscosity effects of lubricant, the influences of particles on pressure distribution, loading capacity and the temperature rise of the lubricant film with four-step-cavity ultra-high speed water-lubricated hybrid bearing are presented in the paper. The results show that loading capacity of the hybrid bearing can be affected by changing the viscosity of the lubricant, and large particles can improve the bearing loading capacity higher. The impact of water film temperature rise produced by solid particles in lubricant is related with particle diameter and minimum film thickness. Compared with the soft particles, hard particles cause the more increasing of water film temperature rise and loading capacity. When the speed of hybrid bearing increases, the impact of solid particles on hybrid bearing becomes increasingly apparent, especially for ultra-high speed water-lubricated hybrid bearing. This research presents influences of solid particles on the loading capacity and the temperature rise of water film in ultra-high speed hybrid bearings, the research conclusions provide a new method to evaluate the influence of solid particles in lubricant of ultra-high speed water-lubricated hybrid bearing, which is important to performance calculation of ultra-high speed hybrid bearings, design of filtration system, and safe operation of ultra-high speed hybrid bearings.


This work presents a method for operating cascaded multilevel inverters when one or more power cells are damaged. The method is based on the use of additional switches in the power circuit to bypass the faulty cell. To control the cells, the angle of phase shifting in the carrier signals is modified according to the number of operating cells, to minimize the load voltage distortion, when the inverter operates in failure mode. The reference signals of the PWM modulators are also modified to increase the output voltage. Simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of this method, which significantly increases the reliability of the drive.


Laser cladding is a thermal process for depositing a metallic alloy on to a parent metal to repair corrosion, erosion, wear or other physical damage. The present work studies the effects of the laser cladding process on the integrity of metal substrates and the bond between the cladding layer and the base metal. It also evaluates some physical characteristics of the cladding layer, in this case grade 420 stainless steel. The research compares the work with Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding and concludes that, due to the small size of the heat-affected zone, this laser cladding process does not adversely affect the physical properties of the metallic substrates.


This publication provides an overview of a project on identification of visual problems and follow-up conducted by the National Technical Institute for the Deaf (NTID) at Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT).1 This project had three main objectives: (a) to determine the most appropriate means for identifying NTID students with visual impairments and make recommendations for medical and personal/social follow-up (Objective 1); (b) to determine the types and incidence of visual impairments among these students (Objective 2); and (c) to conduct research that would assist in the provision of appropriate counseling relative to academic and career opportunities/experiences for persons with both auditory and visual impairments (Objective 3).Several approaches were investigated as possible means for assessing the visual functioning of NTID students (Objective 1). Subsequently, some of these approaches were used to determine the types and incidence of visual impairments within this population (Objective 2). The approaches investigated were: (a) a vision questionnaire (personal/family ocular history) for students; (b) an off-campus general health physical examination; (c) an off-campus opthalmological examination; (d) an on-campus ophthalmological examination (standard to which all other assessment results were compared); and (e) an on-campus visual screening program. This screening program included the use of Bausch and Lomb Orthorater Vision Testers (a vision screening instrument used in assessing visual acuity, color vision, and binocular vision), the Ishihara Color Vision Test (a test designed to evaluate the ability to discriminate colors), and Titmus Stereopsis Tests (a series of tests designed to assess the ability to perceive objects in three dimensions using both eyes). Visual parameters assessed included near and far (distance) acuity (the ability of the eyes to resolve or differentiate detail), color vision (the ability to discriminate colors), and binocular vision (muscle balance and depth perception). In addition, three psychophysical screening tests for the presence of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) (a progressive loss of vision due to retinal degeneration) were investigated; one approach involved a test for assessment of dark-adapted visual sensitivity (the ability to see in darkness or dim illumination), and the other approach involved two tests for temporal processing of visual stimuli.The methodology designed to investigate appropriate counseling relative to academic and career opportunities/experiences for persons with auditory and visual impairments (Objective 3) was as follows: (a) literature review; (b) interviews with content/technical experts at NTID to identify both visual skills believed to be important for students to succeed in various technical areas, and academic and career recommendations relative to students having both hearing and visual impairments; and (c) in-class and on-the-job follow-up for NTID students and graduates having visual impairments (e.g., observations and interviews).Based on the data collected using the above methodologies, recommendations have been made for identification and follow-up of NTID students with visual impairments. These recommendations address: (a) the rationale and methodology for a recommended visual screening program; (b) the pass-fail criteria for referral for an in-depth examination by an ophthalmologist; and (c) recommended follow-up procedures, including medical treatment and correction, personal/social follow-up, and counseling relative to academic/career experiences. The implications and application of this project to all persons with hearing impairments, including younger age groups, are also discussed.Given the importance of vision to persons with hearing losses, it is recommended that: (a) an in-depth ophthalmological examination be done routinely upon discovery of a hearing loss; (b) reassessment of visual functioning, as well as auditory functioning, be done periodically for all persons with severe to profound hearing losses; (c) interpreters be used as appropriate to help ensure adequate communication during both visual assessment/examination procedures and any necessary follow-up; and (d) information be provided for hearing-impaired persons, parents, and professionals concerning the importance of visual assessment and visual hygiene for persons with hearing loss. The need for further research relative both to the status of the visual system and how to best facilitate the use of the visual modality for learning among hearing-impaired persons is emphasized. Also, the need for further investigation of academic and career experiences appropriate for persons having both auditory and visual impairments, and the need for training of instructional staff to work with these persons, are stressed.


The Darrieus turbine is popular for tidal current power generation in Japan. It is simple in structure with straight wings rotating around a vertical axis, so that it has no directionality against the motion of tidal flow which changes its direction twice a day. However, there is one defect in the Darrieus turbine; its small starting torque. Once it stops, a Darrieus turbine is hard to re-start until a fairly fast current is exerted on it. To improve the starting torque of the Darrieus turbine used for tidal power generation, a hybrid turbine, composed of a Darrieus turbine and a Savonius rotor is proposed. Hydrodynamic characteristics of a semi-circular section used for the Savonius bucket were measured in a wind tunnel. The torque of a two bucket Savonius rotor was measured in a circulating water channel, where four different configurations of the bucket were compared. A combined Darrieus and Savonius turbine was tested in the circulating water channel, where the effect of the attaching angle between Darrieus wing and Savonius rotor was studied. Finally, power generation experiments using a 48 pole electric generator were conducted in a towing tank and the power coefficients were compared with the results of experiments obtained in the circulating water channel.


This paper is mainly about improving vehicle use friction material and reducing vehicle braking noise. With the improvement of friction sheet material prescription as breakthrough point, we aim at raising the friction performance and high temperature capability, so that we can reduce the friction of mating plate efficiently and reduce brake noise. In this experiment combinatorial friction materials research is conducted. Raw materials used are screened by two criteria:1、 select those raw materials which have good wear resistance when they combine with group raw materials; 2、 select those raw materials that have the function of reducing brake noise。 Golden Section approach is utilized for experimental formulations design. Comprehensive index of raw materials is obtained by the relational grade analysis. The fuzzy overall merits method is utilized to judge comprehensive index and evaluates merits of multi-objective friction material formulations, so that we can determine one friction material formulation with the best friction performance. Using fixed-velocity D-MS friction experiment machine we test the crucial property for the autonomous new brake friction material. Test content includes mainly: hot decline, wear rate, blow energy and the friction coefficient of test piece in different experiment temperatures. On fixed-velocity friction experiment machine, we adopt advanced friction vibration and noise experiment methods, use HY104A model of the ordinary sound level analyzer to test in some fixed points, and take autonomous strengthened new brake friction material for object. We analyze and study brake noise that some kinds of friction flats produces. Through observing and analyzing the property of friction material and experiment phenomenon and data, we discover the strong weak level of noise has close relation with friction material formulation and the composition of material. Eventually we can decide the best formulation to degrade the brake nose. Brake friction material is a crucial factor to influence vehicle traveling safety. Through the research of this program we can offer some reference about how to select reasonable friction material group and improve the property of friction flats.


Modeling low level features to high level semantics in medical imaging is an important aspect in filtering anatomy objects. Bag of Visual Words (BOVW) representations have been proven effective to model these low level features to mid level representations. Convolutional neural nets are learning systems that can automatically extract high-quality representations from raw images. However, their deployment in the medical field is still a bit challenging due to the lack of training data. In this paper, learned features that are obtained by training convolutional neural networks are compared with our proposed hand-crafted HSIFT features. The HSIFT feature is a symmetric fusion of a Harris corner detector and the Scale Invariance Transform process (SIFT) with BOVW representation. The SIFT process is enhanced as well as the classification technique by adopting bagging with a surrogate split method. Quantitative evaluation shows that our proposed hand-crafted HSIFT feature outperforms the learned features from convolutional neural networks in discriminating anatomy image classes.


The evaluation of faculty accomplishments has remained unresolved and contentious, threatening the quality of all university functions. Whereas performance evaluation of faculty is derived from their mandate of teaching, research, and community service, there has been no comprehensive tool that specifically measures aspects of quality, effectiveness or even commitment. As a result, without a comprehensive and reliable evaluation tool to evaluate faculty members' performance, institutional quality may suffer, as may faculty enthusiasm, emotional engagement, and commitment, all of which are vulnerable to institutional productivity and visibility. The paper concludes that the lack of a comprehensive tool to measure all faculty activities affected mechanisms to acquire evidence for certain accomplishments. Therefore, Universities must develop a comprehensive tool to capture multiple accomplishments as a basis for performance evaluations to inform personnel decisions that go beyond class time and paper publications in order to restore visibility of fundamental faculty accomplishments.