The perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs) are gaining much attention for application in solar cell device frameworks due to high absorption property, easy and low-cost fabrication, and tunable bandgap. The PSCs exhibiting conversion efficiency up to ∼22% are reported utilizing expensive
 and unstable electrons and hole transportation layers (ETL and HTL). However the stability of these devices drastically suffers under humid conditions and in an environment that is rich with ultraviolet radiation. The deterioration under such conditions produces Pb ions which are harmful to
 the biotic environment limiting its usefulness for practical device implantation. In this work, we propose the designing of methyl ammonium lead halide (CH3NH3PBI3) based planar perovskite solar cell. The general-purpose solar cell simulation tool (GPVDM) is
 used to simulate and study the proposed design in detail. The format of the cell consists of indium tin oxide (ITO)/zinc oxide (ZnO)/CH3NH3PBI3/Cu doped (2%) nickel oxide (Cu: NiOx)/Aluminum (AL). The HTL layer utilized in our study demonstrated a high stability
 (48%) in ultraviolet radiation. We also investigated the effect of active layer thickness, ETL and HTL layer, parasitic resistance, light intensity and operating temperature on proposed PSCs. The optimum layer thickness of active, ETL and HTL was found to be 400 nm and 150 nm respectively,
 while keeping the electrode thickness to 100 nm. At the optimum thickness, the device demonstrates fill factor (FF) and efficiency as 15.33% and 0.8516, respectively. The optimum device operating temperature was 285 k. The observed maximum FF and maximum efficiency reached up to 15.85% and
 0.8574 respectively with thicker active, ETL/HTL layers. We observed that our HTL layer (Cu doped nickel oxide) shows stability of 66% against ultraviolet A and 48% against both ultraviolet A and B. This study provides a comprehensive numerical analysis for designing an efficient perovskite
 based solar cell which can be adopted for practical device fabrication.


Drawing on gender role theory and tournament theory, we examined the effects of sex and organizational culture preferences on the incomes of MBA graduates over an 8-year period. We found that masculine culture preferences led to higher income 4 years after graduation and, in contrast to previous research, the effect was stronger for women. By 8 years after graduation, however, men's rate of income increase was significantly higher than women's, an effect that was mediated by hours worked per week. These findings clarify some of the conflicting results of previous research on the effects of gender roles on women's careers and suggest that a tournament-like aspect of careers may account for higher incomes in organizations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Deep learning is bringing breakthroughs to many computer vision subfields including Optical Music Recognition (OMR), which has seen a series of improvements to musical symbol detection achieved by using generic deep learning models. However, so far, each such proposal has been based on a specific dataset and different evaluation criteria, which made it difficult to quantify the new deep learning-based state-of-the-art and assess the relative merits of these detection models on music scores. In this paper, a baseline for general detection of musical symbols with deep learning is presented. We consider three datasets of heterogeneous typology but with the same annotation format, three neural models of different nature, and establish their performance in terms of a common evaluation standard. The experimental results confirm that the direct music object detection with deep learning is indeed promising, but at the same time illustrates some of the domain-specific shortcomings of the general detectors. A qualitative comparison then suggests avenues for OMR improvement, based both on properties of the detection model and how the datasets are defined. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that competing music object detection systems from the machine learning paradigm are directly compared to each other. We hope that this work will serve as a reference to measure the progress of future developments of OMR in music object detection.


The final state of a black hole and its force balance is considered, in the limit where all available energy is radiated away and all matter remains in the lowest form of Zero Point Energy (ZPE). In conventional theory without the concept of ZPE, the gravitational contraction would transfer the system into a mass point, being questionable from the theoretical point of view. But the inclusion of ZPE makes a force balance possible, resulting in a finite characteristic radius of a black hole mass distribution. This radius is of the same order as that of the so-called Schwarzschild radius, but is not related to the physics of the latter, which is due to particle trapping in the gravitational field.


Purpose: To investigate the effects of image digitization and compression on the ability to identify and quantify features in color fundus photographs. Methods: Color fundus photographs were digitized as tagged image file format (TIFF) and high‐compression (80:1) and low‐compression (30:1) joint photographic experts group (JPEG) images. Rerendered images were subjected to standard grading protocols developed for a clinical trial, and digitized images were subjected to image analysis software for drusen identification and quantitation. Re‐created stereoscopic images were compared subjectively with originals. Results: Original, TIFF, and low‐compression (30:1) JPEG images were virtually indistinguishable when subjected to close scrutiny with magnification. The overall quality of high‐compression (80:1) JPEG images and images digitized at 500 dots per inch was markedly reduced. Protocol grading of original and digitized images was highly concordant within the repeatability of multiple grading of original images. The area subtended by drusen differed by less than 1.0% for all uncompressed and compressed image pairs quantified. Stereoscopic information was accurately preserved when compared with originals for TIFF and low‐compression JPEG images. Conclusions: Fundus images can be digitized and stored with significant compression while preserving stereopsis and image quality suitable for quantitative image analysis and semiquantitative grading. Low‐compression (30:1) JPEG images may be suitable for archiving and telemedical applications.


For the dynamic and shortest path problem, a novel algorithm SH(simulate human) is designed by simulating the process of our searching path in real life. The algorithm adopts the idea of heuristic search and integrates with the ant colony algorithm, in which the saved current path, the idea of "ask once every junction", the bypassing barrier search and other some related definitions are proposed, as well as the ant colony algorithm is improved, so as to find the better solution and reduce the searching time. The experimental results show that the algorithm runs better than other existing methods. Moreover, it can find the shortest path or the approximate shortest one in a shorter time on road networks of any scales. Especially, SH algorithm is more effective for the large scale road network.


Purposes: To construct a recombinant vaccine alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-heat shock protein (HSP70) complex, and study its ability to induce specific CTL response and its protective effect against AFP-producing tumor. Material/Methods: A recombinant vaccine was constructed by conjugating mouse alpha-fetoprotein to heat shock protein 70. By way of intracutaneous injection, mice were primed and boosted with recombinant vaccine mAFP/HSP70, whereas single mAFP or HSP70 injection as controls. The ELISPOT and ELISA were used to measure the frequency of cells producing the cytokine IFN-gama in splenocytes and the level of anti-AFP antibody of serum from immunized mice respectively. In vivo tumor challenges were carried out to assess the immune effect of the recombinant vaccine. Results: By recombinant mAFP/HSP70 vaccine immunization, the results of ELISPOT and ELISA showed that the number of splenic cells producing IFN-gama and the level of anti-AFP antibody of serum were significantly higher in mAFP/HSP70 group than those in mAFP and HSP70 groups (108.50±11.70 IFN-gama spots/106 cells vs 41.60±10.40 IFN-gama spots/106 cells, 7.32±3.14 IFN-gama spots/106 cells, P<0.01; 156.32±10.42 µg/mL vs 66.52±7.35 µg/mL, 5.73±2.89 µg/mL, P<0.01). The tumor volume in mAFP/HSP70 group was significantly smaller than that in mAFP and HSP70 groups (42.44±7.14 mm3 vs 392.23±12.46 mm3, 838.63±13.84 mm3, P<0.01). Conclusions: The study further confirmed the function of heat shock protein 70's immune adjuvant. Sequential immunization with recombinant mAFP/HSP70 vaccine could generate effective antitumor immunity on AFP-producing tumor. The recombined mAFP/HSP70 vaccine may be suitable for serving as an immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.


Examines an approach for integrating 3D structural reasoning, using computer models of the human anatomy, with diagnostic reasoning based on Bayesian networks in order to probabilistically predict injuries to anatomic structures from gunshot wounds. An interactive 3D graphical system has been created which allows the user to visualize different bullet path hypotheses and computes the probability that an anatomical structure associated with a given penetration path is injured. The probabilities derived are essential for mediating between structural reasoning and diagnostic reasoning.


The present study investigates three different types of mooring systems in order to establish potential cost reductions and applicability to wave energy converters (WECs). Proposed mooring systems for three existing WECs create the basis for this study, and the study highlights areas of interest using a preliminary cost estimation and discussion of buildability issues. Using synthetic rope and variations in the mooring configuration has the potential of influencing the cost significantly. In order to quantify this potential, a simple quasi-static analysis is performed, which shows that a SALM type system can provide a paramount cost reduction compared to a traditional CALM type system with chain lines. Similarly, use of nylon ropes similarly appears to provide low cost.


Summary The current discussion about dwindling reserves of crude oil, rising fuel prices, global warming and supply disruption of natural gas has renewed interest in the provision of bioenergy and bio-based commodity products. There is a growing consensus that the 21st century will see a profound change in the resource base for industry and society, with less emphasis on fossil coal, oil and gas and more emphasis on renewable resources. This new resource base may take the form either of direct solar energy like photovoltaics and thermal solar energy or indirect utilisation of solar energy via biomass. Such a change in the raw material base, however, entails a profound revolution in the structure of processes, technologies employed and the economical framework of industry and society. Renewable resources constitute 'limited infinity': although they may be provided for infinite time, their yield is limited. This paper explores the strategic challenges for society in general and process industry in particular, and indicates some methodological approaches to meet these challenges, exemplified in case studies about decentralised bioethanol production and decentralised multifunctional production centres. The paper shows that utilising renewable resources enlarges the process concept by including resource provision and logistics into the process design. It also highlights a new balance between economy and ecology of scale when resource provision and logistics are taken into account. Ecological process evaluation as analytical methods and process synthesis as design methods will gain increasing importance for process technology as the share of renewable resources is increased.


The identification of spectrum opportunities is a pivotal requirement for efficient spectrum utilization in cognitive radio systems. Spectrum prediction offers a convenient means for revealing such opportunities based on the previously obtained occupancies. As spectrum occupancy states are correlated over time, spectrum prediction is often cast as a predictable time-series process using classical or deep learning-based models. However, this variety of methods exploits time-domain correlation and overlooks the existing correlation over frequency. In this paper, differently from previous works, we investigate a more realistic scenario by exploiting correlation over time and frequency through a 2D-long short-term memory (LSTM) model. Extensive experimental results show a performance improvement over conventional spectrum prediction methods in terms of accuracy and computational complexity. These observations are validated over the real-world spectrum measurements, assuming a frequency range between 832-862 MHz where most of the telecom operators in Turkey have private uplink bands.


In this chapter, I will (1) review the concept and function of projective mechanisms on a psychodynamic basis. In this section, I will outline the relation of projection to the unconscious, its use in innerpsychic dynamics, and the underlying mechanisms for its use in psychotherapy like creativity, imagination, and symbolization; (2) give an overview over the use of projective methods for testing and diagnosis in the psychological sciences; and (3) exemplify the use of projective methods in diagnostics and psychotherapy of children and adolescents. I will present current methods based on drawing, verbally describing and imaginating, and playing arts, focusing on sand play therapy and miniature figure play.


All central banks manage the supply of money and credit in their countries, increasing and decreasing them as needed to provide what economies need to keep growing. The way central banks typically handle that job involves short-term interest rates. But when inflation is low, central banks can't use their usual methods to get money and credit into an economy that needs it. Several essays in this volume describe the work of economists who have investigated problems that central banks might have when inflation gets low. Other essays investigate related questions such as whether an economy suffers when it moves from high inflation to low inflation, what the costs of inflation are to economic welfare, and whether a little bit of inflation can actually be good for economic growth.


The simple perovskite manganite Sr_1- x Sm_ x MnO_3 (SSMO) has been reported to have a highly-correlated electronic system for e _g-electrons in a Mn ion. According to the previous studies, the C-type orbital-ordered (COO) state with the I4/mcm symmetry was found to be formed from the disordered-cubic (DC) state on cooling. The feature of the COO state is that its crystal structure involves both the Jahn-Teller distortion to orbital ordering and the R _25-type rotational displacement of oxygen octahedra. Because of the involvement of both the distortion and the displacement, their competition should be expected in the formation of the COO state. However, the detailed features of the competition have not been understood yet. Thus, the crystallographic features of the COO state in SSMO have been examined by x-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that, when the Sm content increased from x = 0 at room temperature, the DC state changed into the COO state with the tetragonal symmetry around x = 0.13. The notable feature of the COO state is that the state is characterized by a nanometer-scaled banded structure consisting of an alternating array of two tetragonal bands. One tetragonal band consisted of the COO state involving both the Jahn-Teller distortion and the R _25-type rotational displacement. But, there was only the latter displacement in the other, the state of which could be identified as a disordered tetragonal (DT) state. Based on this, it is understood that the COO-state formation from the DC state should take place via the appearance of the DT state, which may involve fluctuations of the C-type orbital ordering.


ABSTRACT Chemical compaction, also known as pressure solution, involves dissolution along grain contacts and transport of solute to the adjacent pore space by diffusion. The driving force for diffusion is a gradient in chemical potential, therefore chemical compaction requires persistent gradients in chemical potential along grain contacts, in order to drive diffusion continuously. Such gradients exist in porous rocks because of the heterogeneous distribution of stress over the grain surfaces. The rate of chemical compaction depends on stress, fluid pressure, temperature, and the composition of the pore fluid, which itself depends on various processes that add or remove solute. An alternative model of chemical compaction invokes the effect of sheet silicates on pH to account for localized dissolution of grains adjacent to stylolites, or where sheet silicates are present along grain contacts. In this model, the rate of chemical compaction is independent of stress and fluid pressure, depending only on temperature. This model is untenable because the proposed mechanism cannot give rise to the persistent gradient in chemical potential required to drive diffusion. However, sheet silicates may increase the rate of chemical compaction because of their influence on dissolution and diffusion rates. The development of anisotropic fabrics as a result of chemical compaction, and the widespread occurrence of stylolites in carbonates as well as sandstones, are inconsistent with the pH model and provide strong support for the role of stress in chemical compaction.


Competency of people determines the fate of the organizations in any endeavor. This study assessed the levels of competencies of people involved in a conservation strategy in the form of a marine protected area (MPA) and a Bantay Dagat (BD) networks in the Province of Batangas. It aimed to formulate a capacity development program that is tailor-fitted to needs assuring the success of this strategy. The study used purposive sampling method in the conduct of survey, key informant interviews (KII) and focus group discussion (FGD) with seventy-nine (79) respondents, sixteen (16) are senior managers, thirteen (13) are skilled workers, forty (40) are MPA stakeholders and 10 are technical specialist respectively. The study used statistical tools such as frequency distribution, percentage, weighted mean and Chi-square. Findings revealed that Level of competencies of all MPA managers and BD in planning and communication are high while the level of competencies of some MPA managers and BD are low to moderate in financing, enforcement and monitoring and evaluation. Stakeholders were satisfied in the competencies of MPA managers and BD in terms of planning and communication and moderately satisfied in terms of financing, enforcement and monitoring and evaluation (M&E). Difference on the level of competencies of MPA manager and BD in knowledge in enforcement and M&E was significant when grouped according to their age. Problems, issues, and challenges fall under: Fiscal Administration, Human Resources Management/Human Resource Development, Organizational Structure, Public Policy and Program Administration, Technology Management, Voluntary Sector Management/People Involvement, and Environmental Management.


The academic performance of the learners is of great concern in every forma t of education. The promotion of the academic achievement is an integral part of goals to be achieved in higher education. The present investigation has been undertaken to locate the background and personal variables which may best predict the academic performance of secondary teacher trainees in distance education. The findings of the study showed that 72.1% of the variance towards the criterion variable of performance in theory papers was explained by fourteen independent variables (one background variable and thirteen measures of personal characteristics), 63.5% variance in performance in skills in teaching of the trainees was explained by eleven independent variables which included ten variables of personal characteristics and one background variable, and a total variance of 62.8% in their overall academic performance was explained by their nine variables (one background and eight variables of personal characteristics). These findings may be used to improve the services provided to the distance teacher trainees. As guidelines for in-service education planners and educators, the findings of the study can help in redefining goals, needs and approaches to teach, for this group of ―double-role‖ in-service teacher trainees.


In modern optical networks, infrastructure management is faced with the challenge of using expensive equipment and communication resources as efficiently as possible. This now includes keeping power consumption costs at a minimum and using the available optical links in a balanced way, in addition to the traditional goals of providing the best possible performance to the end customers while meeting their quality requirements. Accordingly, this paper presents a heuristic single-step lightpath routing and wavelength assignment algorithm, handling online dynamic connection requests within a fully distributed network control plane. By using shortest path routing, the presented scheme determines the best compromise solution between the users' and carrier's objectives. The former can be mainly expressed in terms of connection QoS requirements, while the latter comprises network engineering (distributing the load in order to achieve near-optimum resource usage) and containing energy consumption. This approach is able to find, in a polynomial computing time, a multiobjective optimization solution that maximizes the carriers' return of investment and supports a high number of users' request while drastically reducing the network operational expenditures, as extensively demonstrated through a simulation.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the safety and efficacy of preoperative embolization of central nervous system tumors with n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) liquid adhesive.

METHODS
Over a 6-year period, 35 consecutive patients (12 women, 23 men; mean age, 42 yr; range, 6 mo-75 yr) with a central nervous system tumor underwent preoperative embolization with NBCA. Tumor type, location, endovascular and surgical treatment, percent of tumor embolization, estimated blood loss, and neurological deficits related to embolization were evaluated retrospectively.

RESULTS
One hundred feeding arteries were embolized (mean, 3 vessels/patient). In only one (3%) case was a normal artery inadvertently occluded by the embolization. During the follow-up period, the resulting neurological deficit resolved completely. There were no neurological deficits or inadvertent embolization events in the remaining 34 cases. The mean percent of tumor embolized was 68%, but this did not significantly correlate with operative blood loss (Pearson's correlation coefficient, r = 0.049).

CONCLUSION
In experienced hands, central nervous system tumors can be embolized with NBCA liquid adhesive with a high degree of safety and efficacy. We think that adroit embolization technique with NBCA and other embolisates should be part of the contemporary neuroendovascular armamentarium.


The reason for using distributed constraint satisfaction algorithms is often to allow agents to find a solution while revealing as little as possible about their variables and constraints. So far, most algorithms for DisCSP do not guarantee privacy of this information. This paper describes some simple techniques that can be used with DisCSP algorithms such as DPOP, and provide sensible privacy guarantees based on the distributed solving process without sacrificing its efficiency.


Interindividual differences in tumor response and normal tissue toxicities are consistently observed with most chemotherapeutic agents or regimens. While many clinical variables have been associated with drug responses (e.g., age, gender, diet, drug-drug interactions), inherited variations in drug disposition (metabolism and transport) genes and drug target genes also likely contribute to the observed variability in cancer treatment outcome. Pharmacogenomic studies aim to elucidate the genetic bases for interindividual differences and to use such genetic information to predict the safety, toxicity, and/or efficacy of drugs. There exist several clinically relevant examples of the utility of pharmacogenomics that associate specific genetic polymorphisms in drug metabolizing enzymes (e.g., TPMT, UGT1A1, DPD), drug transporters (MDR1), and drug target enzymes (TS) with clinical outcomes in patients treated with commonly prescribed chemotherapy drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil and irinotecan (Camptosar; Pfizer Pharmaceuticals; New York, NY http://www.pfizer.com). Techniques to discover and evaluate the functional significance of these polymorphisms have evolved in recent years and may soon be applied to clinical practice and clinical trials of currently prescribed anticancer drugs as well as new therapeutic agents. This review discusses the current and future applications of pharmacogenomics in clinical cancer therapy and cancer drug development.


Setyadi, Andre. 2017. "A Portrait of Urbanism through the Album of Sin, City, and Memories from the Work of Silampukau: A Semiotic Study ". Thesis (S1) Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University, Semarang. Supervisor by Ken Widyawati, S.S., M.Hum. and Laura Andri R.M, S.S., M.A.

Silampukau is one of the band folk Surabaya fronted by Eki and Kharis issues album Sin, City, and Memories. The song lyrics in the album is a phenomenon of urbanism and a reflection of events that authors make to portray a social portrait, especially in Surabaya. Writer choose the object was in doing research.

The theory that the author uses is the theory of strata norm analysis by Roman Ingarden and semiotic theory by Charles Sanders Peirce. The use of the theory of strata norm analysis is to know the intrinsic and extrinsic elements through the norms so that it can be known the parts and relatedness. While Semiotik Peirce aims to find out the portrait of urbanism and human phenomena contained in the 5 song titles that the authors took as representing themes related to social portraits in Surabaya. The five title songs are, "Bianglala", "Bola Raya", "Lagu Rantau", "Sang Juragan", and "Si Pelanggan". Both theories above can make it easier for writers to analyze the lyrics of the song.

The results of the analysis of the five poems contained in Silampukau's album of Sin, City, and Memories implicitly speak of urban society and human opposition between the capitalists and the proletariat depicted by Silampukau; For example, first on the title "Bianglala" which represents the entertainment of the lower middle class. Secondly, the title of "Bola Raya" is largely enjoyed by all societies, but it is actually the rights of the proletariat confiscated by the capitalists. Third, the "Lagu Rantau" which tells the urban people who are identical with the workers who insist on going to Surabaya. Fourth, the title "Sang Juragan" represents a fluctuating economy causing me (aku) to do everything to get rich, which is to sell alcohol. Finally, the title "Si Pelanggan" tells the story of the Dolly Alley area. The social portrait, if drawn entirely, is the question of all sections of society constructed through every sign.

Key word: Lyrics, norm, semiotic, capitalist, proletarian.


Conjoined twin pregnancies are one of the greatest dilemmas we face in healthcare practice. Thanks to scientific knowledge and evolution, technology and the higher level of wealth in our society, conjoined twins have a chance to survive, albeit with the risk of major consequences on their lifespan and quality of life. Particularly, in the case of newborns with extreme prematurity or congenital malformations, special care must be taken in the use of treatments that offer little to no benefit. This is especially the case with procedures and techniques of unproven efficacy that could create unfounded expectations and hopes in parents and health professionals. It is within this conceptual framework that the author presents a case submitted to a bioethics committee at a pediatric hospital in a Latin American metropolis and analyzes the ethical challenges posed to the treating team and the consensual approach determined by the team.


The drainage of ice‐dammed lakes in the form of outburst floods in Greenland is detected regularly by remote sensing, and these events are expected to occur more frequently in a warmer climate. However, their impact on ice sheet stability and neighboring water bodies is still unknown. In this interdisciplinary study, we investigate lake drainages from the Greenland Ice Sheet into a west Greenland fjord by analyzing simultaneous time series of satellite observations and direct hydrographic measurements of temperature and salinity in the fjord. Satellite images show that, in general, lake drainages have occurred quasiperiodically during the last decade. A particular sequence of drainage events was observed by satellite in 2009 and was analyzed together with the first direct hydrographic observations. Signs of ice‐dammed lake drainages were observed by a downstream mooring located just below the intertidal zone. The release of freshwater occurred at the fjord subsurface at a tidewater outlet glacier. The downstream in‐water sequence of property changes in relation to these drainage events was observed as an almost immediate decrease in surface layer temperature (~2°C) followed within a week by the arrival of a high‐saline pulse (~ +5 units) with elevated salinity lasting for several days during the passage. During lake drainages, large amounts of relatively warm and saline intermediate water are brought to the near‐surface layers by entrainment processes near the glacier front, and this influences the hydrography of the fjord but also impacts the ecosystem through upwelling of nutrient‐rich intermediate water.


Computed tomography is still being intensively studied and widely used to solve a number of industrial and medical applications. The simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART) and Bayesian inference reconstruction (BIR) are considered as advantageous iteration methods that are most suitable for improving the quality of the reconstructed 3D-images. The paper deals with the parallel iterative algorithms to ensure the reconstruction of threedimensional images of the breast, recovered from a limited set of noisy X-ray projections. Algebraic method of reconstruction with simultaneous iterations – SART and iterative method for statistical reconstruction of BIR are deemed to be the most preferred iterative methods. We believe that these methods are particularly useful for improving the quality of breast reconstructed image. We use the graphics processor (GPU) to accelerate the process of reconstruction. Preliminary results show that all investigated methods are useful in breast reconstruction layered images. However, it was found that the method of classical tomosynthesis SAA is less efficient than iterative methods SART and BIR as the worst suppress the anatomical noise. Despite the fact that the estimated ratio of the contrast / noise ratio in the presence of internal structures with low contrast is higher for classical tomosynthesis method the SAA, its effectiveness in the presence of highly structured background is low. In our opinion the best results can be achieved using statistical iterative reconstruction BIR.


A 60-day feeding study with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, was conducted to determine the effects of replacement of fish oil (FO) by unrefined peanut oil (PO) on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition, fatty acid composition and serum biochemical and haematological parameters. Rainbow trouts (51.60 ± 0.75 g) were fed five experimental diets formulated by replacing dietary FO with PO at levels of level 0 (PO0), 1/4 (PO25), 1/2 (PO50), 3/4 (PO75) and 4/4 (PO100), respectively. As a result, the best growth performance was observed in fish fed with PO0 and PO50 diet. No significant differences were detected among the groups in terms of body compositions. Fatty acid profiles of the fish fillets reflected the fatty acid profiles of the feeds that the fishes were fed with. In this study, the haematological parameters detected that there were no significant differences compared to the control group, whereas the serum biochemical parameters generally worsened as the ratio of peanut oil in the ration exceeded half of fish oil. As a conclusion, the results of the study suggested that the unrefined peanut oil could be used as a replacer of fish oil in diets for rainbow trout.


Currently, storage theory has been widely adopted but rarely used in procurement decision-making of construction, especially in green landscaping engineering. Seedlings storage is different from other general products for their survival rates will exert direct impact on the project quality and progress. Therefore, it is very important for those green landscaping manufacturing engineering companies to adopt scientific methods to store seedlings. This article establishes mathematical model of seedlings storage through in-depth analysis of practical manufacturing engineering problems and applies mathematical model to providing analysis and solutions to the problem using the storage model theory against the background of limited storage capacity. Finally, the optimal seedlings procurement strategy has been set up to save costs for enterprises to the maximum extent under the context of limited storage capacity. This conveys some application value for green landscaping engineering companies when make scientific procurement decision.


This paper presents techniques for hedging structured products in incomplete markets. Under actual distributions, we simulate correlated ratings histories for pool exposures up to the hedging horizon and then employ conditional pricing functions estimated from a preliminary Monte Carlo based on risk adjusted distributions. The approach is very flexible. We apply it to a realistic multi-period CDO transaction.


We report on 2 brothers from a consanguineous family from a small city of southeast Turkey. Both have bilateral anophthalmia, soft tissue syndactyly of the feet, bilateral partial synostosis of metatarsals IV and V, and basal synostosis of the fourth and fifth toes on the right in the older sib only, thus differing from all previously reported cases of anophthalmos-syndactyly syndrome.


These preliminary research notes present theoretical and methodological questions regarding a recently inaugurated investigation in historical archeology that intends to analyze daily life under slavery, demographic regimes, cultural practices, and so on. A survey of archeological sites on former 'senzalas' (slave quarters) and slave-owning fazendas in the Paraíba Valley and northern part of the state of Rio de Janeiro is currently in progress. With the cooperation of historians, archeologists, and anthropologists, records of the material culture of slave populations, which originally comprised indigenes and later Africans, are being located at excavations underway on the fazenda that is part of the Jesuit school in Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, first run by the clergy and later by members of the laity in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries.


Background/purposeAlthough the transumbilical approach became very popular for pyloromyotomy, it has not been widely used in other procedures in children. The aim of this work was to evaluate the safety and the versatility of this approach for laparotomy in infants. Patients and methodsAll hemodynamically stable neonates and infants with gastrointestinal surgical problems or pelvic or abdominal cystic masses were considered candidates for this approach. The umbilicus was incised nearly circumferentially, and the peritoneum was entered in the midline in a cephalic or caudal direction depending on the site of the lesion. The bowel or the mass was delivered outside the peritoneal cavity, and the procedure was completed in the standard open manner. Patients were evaluated with regard to the feasibility of the surgery and or any difficulty to complete the surgery, any complications related to the approach, and the cosmetic outcome. ResultsA total of 141 infants underwent transumbilical laparotomy during the period from June 2008 to December 2013. The primary pathology was hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (n=65), duodenal, small-intestinal atresia/stricture (n=22), colonic atresia (n=2), malrotation with/without volvulus (n=10), ovarian cysts (n=12), intussusception (n=9), spontaneous intestinal perforation (n=7), remnants of vitellointestinal duct (n=4), mesenteric cysts (n=3), patent urachus (n=3), postoperative complications of strangulated inguinal hernia (n=3), and complications in ventriculoperitoneal shunts (n=1). Their age ranged from 1 day to 22 months. The operating time ranged from 30 to 120 min. Three patients required transverse extension of the wound. Two (1.4%) patients developed dehiscence of the wound that required wound closure. Five (3.5%) patients had superficial periumbilical cellulitis and wound infections, and one patient had suture reaction treated conservatively. Late complications (adhesive intestinal obstruction) occurred in three (2%) patients. Parents were very satisfied with the final cosmetic outcome. ConclusionThe transumbilical approach is both a feasible and a safe approach for a broad spectrum of surgical procedures in neonates and infants. The cosmetic results are excellent.


What explains the level of commitment within an international military alliance? Specifically, when do alliances choose to adopt active military support for offensive uses of force versus lower levels of commitment? Drawing on the rational design of international institutions literature, this paper argues that the choice of commitment is a conscious effort to address two competing problems. The first is the potential for entrapment. Allies worry that commitments may lead other member states to act in a risky fashion, creating unnecessary conflict. The other problem is the need to demonstrate commitment in order to maximize the bargaining power of the member states. The former problem leads allies to choose lower levels of commitment like defense pacts in order to signal to alliance members what types of behaviors are acceptable. Conversely, the latter problem encourages states to make broader obligations about when they will use force. Empirically, concern for moral hazard should be more likely when there are power disparities amongst members within an alliance. Greater levels of threat facing alliance members should lead states to favor maximizing their commitments. These two arguments are tested empirically on all alliances from 1816-1992 with results supporting both conjectures.


In my paper 'Rediscovery of Thismia clavigera (Becc.) F. v. M. (Burmanniaceae)' in Blumea 26 (1980) three combinations made by F. J. H. von Mueller in the genus Thismia were mentioned, viz. T. clandestina (Bl.) F. v. M., T. clavigera (Becc.) F. v. M., and T. episcopalis (Becc.) F. v. M. These combinations were overlooked inadvertently in the compilation of T. B. Muir (1979), 'An index to the new taxa, new combinations, and new names published by Ferdinand J. H. Mueller' in Muelleria 4 (2): 123-168. The bibliographic citations for these three combinations have been corrected, thanks to a letter from Mrs. D. Sinkora of the Royal Botanic Gardens and National Herbarium of Victoria, Australia, and are given here: Thismia clandestina (Blume) F. v. Muell., Pap. & Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, 1890: 235. (1891). Thismia clavigera (Beccari) F. v. Muell., Pap. & Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, 1890: 235. (1891). Thismia episcopalis (Beccari) F. v. Muell., Pap. & Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, 1890: 235. (1891). Additionally it should be noted that the citation of Victorian Naturalist (Vict. Nat.) vol. 6, should be omitted. The reference should have been to the Papers & Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania. Although dated 1890, the volume was actually published in 1891. All three combinations, therefore, were made in the same publication in the same year.


The complete structure of the Casimir 𝒲𝒜N algebras is shown to exist in such a way that the Casimir 𝒲𝒜N algebra is a kind of truncated type of 𝒲∞ algebra both in the primary and in the quadratic basis, first using the associativity conditions in the basis of primary fields and second using the Miura basis coming from the free field realization as a different basis. We can conclude that the Casimir 𝒲𝒜N algebra is a kind of truncated type of 𝒲∞ algebra, so it is clear from any construction of 𝒲∞ algebra that by putting infinite number of fields Ws with s > N to zero, we arrive at the Casimir 𝒲𝒜N algebra. We concentrated in this work only for the particular case of 𝒲𝒜5 algebra since this example gives us explicitly a method on how to deal with the general case N.


3 Abstract A trend issue in modeling head-related impulse responses (HRIRs) is how to individualize HRIRs models that are convenient for a particular listener. The objective of this research is to show a robust selection method of eight anthropometric parameters out of all 27 parameters defined in CIPIC HRTF Database. The proposed selection method is systematically and scientifically acceptable, compared to 'trial and error' method in selecting the parameters. The selected anthropometric parameters of a given listener were applied in establishing multiple linear regression models in order to individualize his / her HRIRs. We modelled the entire minimum phase HRIRs in horizontal plane of 35 subjects using principal components analysis (PCA). The individual minimum phase HRIRs can be estimated adequately by a linear combination of ten orthonormal basis


The management of the adult tuberculin reactor who has no other risk factors for the development of active tuberculosis is controversial. We performed a decision analysis to address the issue of whether adults 20 to 80 yr of age should take isoniazid to prevent the development of active disease. The analysis uses a Markov simulation, a regression model to calculate the risk of developing tuberculosis at any given time after the discovery of a positive skin test, and estimates from the literature for other probabilities. The analysis favors withholding INH for all age groups, but by only 4 to 17 days of life expectancy, depending on the age of the patient. Quality adjusting and discounting change neither the preferred strategy nor the closeness of the outcome. Sensitivity analyses also underscore the narrowness of the margin. Our analysis reaches different conclusions from previously published analyses. More important than the actual strategy preferred is the minute difference in expected utilities between administering and withholding INH. We suggest that the individual patient decide whether or not these differences are meaningful.


The evolution of radio-communication systems to third generation based on the WCDMA technique leads to an increase of the digital signal processing complexity. Due to their flexibility, high-performance DSP processors are good candidates for the platform used in radio-communication infrastructures. In this paper, an efficient implementation of a WCDMA rake receiver on the Texas Instrument TMS320C64x VLIW DSP is proposed. For minimizing the code execution time, the optimization techniques based on the exploitation of the data and instruction-level parallelism are presented.


In this paper we argue that because of non-linear depreciation schedules, appraisal complications, and homebuilders' significant bargaining power, loans collateralized by new construction are more likely to go into default relative to purchase loans for existing homes. Using loan-level mortgage records for more than 3 million loans originated between 2004 and 2009, we provide strong empirical evidence in support of this hypothesis. The unconditional default rate for mortgages used to purchase new construction was 5.6 percentage points higher than the default rates for other purchase loans in our sample. In our richest models that include extensive controls for borrower and loan characteristics as well as Census-tract-origination-year fixed effects, we find that loans for new homes were roughly 1.8 percentage points more likely to default.


Objectives To compare MRI manifestations according to gender and age and to identify correlations between clinical manifestations and MRI findings in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) as based on a large series. Materials and Methods Fat suppressed oblique sagittal images of the open and closed mouth were acquired, and MRI scanning parameters were applied. Results The patients consisted of 946 females (average, 36.6 years old), and 319 males (average, 34.3 years old). In all TMD patients, 945 had symptoms in the unilateral temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and 320 in the bilateral TMJ. There were significant differences in the distribution of disk positions based on age, regardless of gender, in the unilaterally and bilaterally symptomatic groups; however, the results were not significant in the asymptomatic group. There were significant differences with respect to the distribution of disk positions between males and females in asymptomatic group and in the unilaterally symptomatic group, although the bilaterally symptomatic group did not show significant differences in this regard. As regards the disk positions in the joints of the three groups (asymptomatic group, unilaterally and bilaterally symptomatic groups), there were significant interactive effects of disk positions, regardless of gender. There were statistically significant age-related differences in disk deformities in all symptom groups, regardless of gender, except for in the group of males lacking symptoms in either joint. As regards disk deformities among the three groups studies here, there were significant interactive effects for disk positions, regardless of gender.


Cloud computing model is very exciting model especially for business peoples. Many business peoples are getting attracted towards cloud computing model because of the features easy to manage, device independent, location independent. But this cloud models comes with many security issues. A business person keeps crucial information on cloud, so security of data is crucial issue as probability of hacking and unauthorised access is there. Also availability is a major concern on cloud. This paper, discusses the file distribution and SHA-1 technique. When file is distributed then data is also segregated into many servers. So here the need of data security arises. Every block of file contains its own hash code, using hash code which will enhance user authentication process, only authorized person can access the data. Here, the data is encrypted using advanced encryption standard, so data is successfully and securely stored on cloud. Third party auditor is used for public auditing. This paper discusses the handling of some security issues like Fast error localization, data integrity, data security. The proposed design allows users to audit the data with lightweight communication and computation cost. Analysis shows that proposed system is highly efficient against malicious data modification attack and server colluding attack. Performance and extensive security analysis shows that proposed systems are provably secure and highly efficient.


Introduction: Nowadays, many researchers apply autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to describe pervasive developmental disorders. In this model, the differences of previous three common pervasive developmental disorders, including autism disorder, Asperger's disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, point to the various levels and not the type of disorder. According to the importance and poor prognosis as well as the lack of awareness of this disorder among Iranian people, this article discusses the most important causes of ASD. Conclusion: There is no single cause has still been known for ASD. However, ASD may be caused by the interactions of neurobiological and environmental factors with genetic susceptibility.


In preparation for the activities to be launched under the 6th Framework Programme for Research,
Technological Development and Demonstration Activities (FP61), the European Commission's
Information Society Directorate-General organised a meeting to consult the industrial and
academic research community on current and future RTD needs in the domain of smart card
technology.
Those attending this meeting, which was held in Brussels on 23 May 2001, all agreed that the
European smart card industry has major needs in R&D in various technology domains in the short
and the long term. They identified the priority topics and related requirements. A lot of effort needs
to be invested in RTD to ensure that Europe can maintain its current technology and industrial
leadership in smart card technology domains such as chip and card design, secure embedded
software, manufacturing technology and in smart card application developments.
Research and development needs are still dominated by hardware related topics (smart card chips,
assembly and interconnection technology, materials, production techniques), but they also involve
different types of development tools (to optimise effort, time, quality for HW and SW
developments), advanced security technology solutions (cryptography, security protocols, tamper
resistant design, etc.) and extended features of smart card operating systems (e.g. modular
architectures, open source OS). The trend, however, will be to invest more effort on SW than on
HW design in future in the development of complete smart card solutions.
The list of RTD priority topics to be addressed is long and the required effort and expertise to
address all these issues is far beyond the possibilities of a single company or country. To cover
these RTD needs a joint effort is required as well as the support of European programmes and its
favourable framework for European cooperation in RTD . Cooperation is also needed to optimise
resources spent on the development of new smart card products and their deployment, through the
achievement of consensus of common design data formats, preparation of standards, unification of
certification procedures, etc.
The present report also contains written contributions received from the participants following the
meeting. In these contributions the participants were asked to answer, after discussion in their own
organisation, a number of additional questions:
- on which topics would your organisation agree to RTD cooperation with other companies /
research institutes?
- what would be the estimated required effort for RTD?
- what would be the specific (measurable) objectives in this area?
- what would be a suitable time frame ?
- how could the RTD cooperation be organised?
All organisations confirmed their interest in cooperating on a selection of RTD targets in consortia
composed of industrial and academic partners. Going by these responses, the total investment
needed in Smart Card priority RTD areas (as identified in the present report) is put at 320 M,
corresponding to approximately 74 projects to be initiated over a time frame of 5 to 8 years starting
from 2002.


The 1993 record-breaking summer flood in the Upper Mississippi River Basin resulted from an unprecedentedly persistent heavy rain pattern. Rainfall totals for the Upper Mississippi River Basin were, by a large margin, the largest of this century for the 2-, 3-, 4-, and 12- month periods encompassing the 1993 summer. The totals for these periods are estimated to have a probability of occurrence of less than 0.005 yr−1 In addition, the number of reporting stations receiving weekly totals in excess of 100 mm (events identified in a previous study as being closely correlated with floods) was the largest in at least the last 45 yr. Other conditions contributing to the flood include above-normal soil moisture levels at the beginning of June 1993; large-sized areas of moderate to heavy rains; occurrence of rain areas oriented along the main stems of major rivers; a large number of localized extreme daily rainfall totals (greater than 150 mm); and below-normal evaporation. The large-scale atmospheric circulation ...


This paper presents the study of wear responses of nanocomposite coatings with a steel ball under oscillatingreciprocating state. Nanocomposite coatings for this study include: Nickel-Alumina (Ni/Al2O3), Nickel-Silicon Carbide (Ni/SiC), Nickel-Zirconia (Ni/ZrO2) and Ni/Graphene. Ni/ZrO2 exhibited maximum wear rate followed by Ni/SiC, Ni/Al2O3 and Ni/Graphene respectively which was also assured by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrographs, grain sizes, hardness, porosity, surface stresses, frictional coefficients behaviours and "Ushaped" wear depth profiles. The "U-shaped" profiles were utilised to calculate the energy distribution (Archard factor density) along the interface. A novel mechano-wear model incorporating the energy distribution equations with the mechanics equations was developed for analysing the effects of intrinsic mechanical properties (such as grain sizes, hardness, porosity, surface stresses of the nanocomposite coatings) on the wear response. The predictions showed close agreement with the experimental results. In conclusion Ni/Graphene exhibited better anti-wear properties compared to other nanocomposite coatings. The high anti-wear behaviour of Ni/Graphene composite is due to enhanced strengthening effects in the presence of graphene. The importance of this work is evident from various industrial applications which require reliable modelling techniques to predict coatings failures due to wear. This work will bring significant impact to precision manufacturing, wind turbine industries, automotive, locomotive and aerospace in overcoming critical wear failures.


Extra virgin olive oil is characterized by its high content of unsaturated fatty acid residues in triglycerides, mainly oleic acid, and the presence of bioactive and antioxidant compounds. Its consumption is associated with lower risk of suffering chronic diseases and unwanted processes linked to aging, due to the antioxidant capacity and capability of its components to modulate cellular signaling pathways. Consumption of olive oil can alter the physiology of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This may explain part of the healthy effects of olive oil consumption, such as prevention of unwanted aging processes. To date, there are no specific studies on the action of olive oil on MSCs, but effects of many components of such food on cell viability and differentiation have been evaluated. The objective of this article is to review existing literature on how different compounds of extra virgin olive oil, including residues of fatty acids, vitamins, squalene, triterpenes, pigments and phenols, affect MSC maintenance and differentiation, in order to provide a better understanding of the healthy effects of this food. Interestingly, most studies have shown a positive effect of these compounds on MSCs. The collective findings support the hypothesis that at least part of the beneficial effects of extra virgin olive oil consumption on health may be mediated by its effects on MSCs.


Summary Previous research showed that psychological detachment from work during leisure time is beneficial and that reflecting on negative aspects of work is detrimental for employees' well-being. However, little is known about the role of positive reflection about work during leisure time. In the present research, we examined the effects of positive work reflection on affective well-being. Additionally, we tested the effectiveness of an intervention to increase positive work reflection and to improve well-being with a randomized controlled field experiment. Findings from three diary studies showed that positive work reflection was related to an increase in affective well-being with regard to both positive and negative moods. The results further indicated that the benefits of positive work reflection were incremental to that of psychological detachment and the absence of negative work reflection. Contrary to our expectation, no evidence was found for the effectiveness of the intervention. Theoretical implications of main findings as well as supplementary findings are further discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Techniques for efficient speaker recognition are presented. These techniques are based on approximating Gaussian mixture modeling (GMM) likelihood scoring using approximated cross entropy (ACE). Gaussian mixture modeling is used for representing both training and test sessions and is shown to perform speaker recognition and retrieval extremely efficiently without any notable degradation in accuracy compared to classic GMM-based recognition. In addition, a GMM compression algorithm is presented. This algorithm decreases considerably the storage needed for speaker retrieval.


Introduction. Necessity of the functional results' improvement after radical prostatectomy (RP) stimulates research of additional rehabilitation methods of the patients. The aim of this research is study of the hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) efficacy on erectile function (EF) rehabilitation in patients after RP with nerve-sparing surgery (NSS). Materials and methods. This study analyzed the data of 37 patients with normal EF prior to surgery. Randomization into two groups was performed: patients who received HBO course (17 patients) and control group (20 patients) who had no postoperative therapy. The HBO course included 10 90-minutes sessions. Unilateral NSS was performed in 24 cases (64,9%), bilateral NSS – in 13 cases (35,1%). EF status was assessed by IIEF-15 questionnaire, biochemical recurrence was registered in PSA > 0,2 ng/ml after the surgery. Clinical practice and results. Full EF rehabilitation in HBO group in one year was registered in 13 cases (76,5%) versus 9 cases in control group (45%, p=0,03). HBO had statistically significant influence on EF rehabilitation only in unilateral NSS cases (p=0,037). Use of HBO had no influence of orgasmic function rehabilitation (82,4% versus 80% in control group, p>0,05). No biochemical recurrence was registered in the HBO group. Conclusion. The HBO application in RP with unilateral NSS may be considered as perspective possible EF rehabilitation method. According to the early results use of HBO in postoperative period doesn't exceed the risk of cancer recurrence. Further method efficacy and safety assessment is needed as well as evaluation of an optimal scheme and terms of the treatment.


The most difficult and crucial decision in petroleum exploration is not which prospect to drill, but rather, which new play to enter. Such a decision, whether ultimately profitable or not, commits the Organization to years of involvement, expenditures of $millions, and hundreds of man-years of effort. Even though uncertainties and risks are high, organizations commonly make the new-play decision in a disjointed, non-analytic, even superficial way. The economic consequences of a bad play choice can be disastrous. Using established principles of prospect risk analysis, modern petroleum exploration organizations routinely assign economic value to individual prospects, but they actually operate via exploration programs in plays and trends. Accordingly, the prospect is the economic unit of exploration, whereas the play is the operational unit. Plays can be successfully analyzed as full-cycle economic risk ventures, however, using many principles of prospect risk analysis. Economic measures such as Expected Present Value, DCFROR, etc. apply equally to plays or prospects. The predicted field-size distribution of the play is analogous to the forecast prospect reserves distribution, Economic truncation applies to both. Variance of play reserves is usually much greater than for prospect reserves. Geologic chance factors such as P{sub reservoir}, P{sub generation}, etc., must be distinguishedmore » as independent or shared among prospects in the play, so they should be defined so as to apply equally to the play and to its constituent prospects. They are analogous to multiple objectives on a prospect, and are handled differently in performing the risk analysis.« less


This paper develops a method to compute the equilibrium correspondence for exchange economies with semi-algebraic preferences. Given a class of semi-algebraic exchange economies parameterized by individual endowments and possibly other exogenous variables such as preference parameters or asset payoffs, there exists a semi-algebraic correspondence that maps parameters to positive numbers such that for generic parameters each competitive equilibrium can be associated with an element of the correspondence and each endogenous variable (i.e. prices and consumptions) is a rational function of that value of the correspondence and the parameters.

This correspondence can be characterized as zeros of a univariate polynomial equation that satisfy additional polynomial inequalities. This polynomial as well as the rational functions that determine equilibrium can be computed using versions of Buchberger's algorithm which is part of most computer algebra systems. The computation is exact whenever the input data (i.e. preference parameters etc.) are rational. Therefore, the result provides theoretical foundations for a systematic analysis of multiplicity in applied general equilibrium.


Background Communities that experience high rates of violence typically experience high levels of trauma. Trauma not only has a significant impact on development, health, and well-being, but can also be a barrier to the successful implementation of injury prevention strategies. The predominant construct for addressing trauma is currently based in a medical model at the individual level. In high-violence neighbourhoods, however, trauma can manifest at the community-level. To address this scale of trauma means not only insisting on trauma-informed care for individuals, but also exploring how to address trauma at the population level. Objective This session presents an emerging construct for population-level trauma and poses a framework to inform the development and implementation of strategies to prevent injury and trauma and promote community healing. Results With funding from Kaiser Permanente, Prevention Institute and Dr. Howard Pinderhughes conducted a study to explore trauma at the population level, how it impacts other community health improvement efforts, and emerging strategies. The impact of trauma extends beyond the individuals who directly witness or experience violence. Trauma is also produced by structural violence, which prevents people and communities from meeting their basic needs. The result is both high levels of trauma across the population and a breakdown of social networks, social relationships and positive social norms across the community – all of which could otherwise be protective against violence and other health outcomes. The study found that the impact of trauma extends beyond individuals who directly experience violence. This results in both high levels of trauma across the population and a break-down of social networks, social relationships and positive social norms across the community – all of which could otherwise be protective against violence. In order for communities to build resilience, strategies must be implemented that build on indigenous knowledge, expertise, and leadership to yield strategies that are culturally relevant and effective After this session, attendees should be able to discuss various ways community trauma can manifest at the community level. During this session, we will briefly describe the findings of the study and present the emerging framework., along with examples of communities that are developing and implementing community level strategies. Prevention Institute will then facilitate a peer-to-peer discussion exploring how community level trauma shows up in communities, and emerging resilience strategies to prevent and address it. Conclusions The community trauma framework has implications for practitioners, researchers, and advocates developing strategies to improve safety by overcoming community-level trauma as a barrier to successful injury prevention.


Nowadays, notwithstanding their nutritional and technological properties, food bioactive peptides from plant sources garner increasing attention for their ability to impart more than one beneficial effect on human health. Legumes, which stand out thanks to their high protein content, represent valuable sources of bioactive peptides. In this context, this study focused on the characterization of the potential pleotropic activity of two commercially available soybean (SH) and pea (PH) protein hydrolysates, respectively. Since the biological activity of a specific protein hydrolysate is strictly correlated with its chemical composition, the first aim of the study was to identify the compositions of the SH and PH peptides. Peptidomic analysis revealed that most of the identified peptides within both mixtures belong to storage proteins. Interestingly, according to the BIOPEP-UWM database, all the peptides contain more than one active motive with known inhibitory angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and dipeptidyl-dipeptidases (DPP)-IV sequences. Indeed, the results indicated that both SH and PH inhibit DPP-IV and ACE activity with a dose-response trend and IC50 values equal to 1.15 ± 0.004 and 1.33 ± 0.004 mg/mL, and 0.33 ± 0.01 and 0.61 ± 0.05 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, both hydrolysates reduced the activity of DPP-IV and ACE enzymes which are expressed on the surface of human intestinal Caco-2 cells. These findings clearly support that notion that SH and PH may represent new ingredients with anti-diabetic and hypotensive effects for the development of innovative multifunctional foods and/or nutraceuticals for the prevention of metabolic syndrome.


The aim of this study is to improve the general understanding of the Turtle Mountain anticline and its fracturing pattern as well as evaluating the implications of these latter two features in potential rock slope failures. Turtle Mountain anticline is located in southwest Alberta (Canada) and is part of the Livingstone Thrust sheet of the Foothills. The latter form the eastern part of the Canadian Rockies which are located in the easternmost part of the Canadian Cordillera. The study area became well known when a 30 Mm3 rock avalanche of massive limestone and dolostone, known as the Frank Slide, affected the eastern mountainside of Turtle Mountain on April 1903. It resulted in more that 70 causalities and buried part of the Frank village. This study focuses on the structural features of the anticline, comprising the characterization of the fold geometry and formation mechanism as well as the related fracturing pattern using a high resolution digital elevation model (HRDEM) combined with a detailed field survey. The investigations allow describing the anticline as an eastern verging fold with multiple hinges that merge at depth. Field evidences revealed the expression of both flexural slip and tangential longitudinal strain folding mechanisms involved in the development of the fold. Ten discontinuity sets are identified in the study area. The local variations of the sets are estimated in order to separate the study zone into homogenous Structural domains. Based on the different tectonic phases affecting the region, the potential origin of the detected fractures is interpreted. It results that the origin of the four major discontinuity sets, in the sense that they are spatially homogenously represented, is attributed to the folding phase. Except the bedding plane and a pre-existing joint set, the other discontinuity sets are interpreted as resulting of post-folding deformations. The conduction of a Rock mass condition analysis allows pointing out the influence of the fold geometry revealing a general decrease of the Rock mass strength with the proximity of the axial surface of the anticline. It also illustrates the importance of the high fracturing density of the hinge area on the weathering of the mountain. A predictive modelling of the GSI (SVR by Matlab) completes and supports this analysis. A field and remote sensing analysis of the large open back cracks of crown area of the mountain (between North Peak and Third Peak) is performed in order to investigate the deformation modes affecting the rock compartments. It illustrates the control of the fold related fractures in the cracks' geometry and allows highlighting four main sectors characterized by distinct deformation modes. Additionally, it is estimated that the cumulative displacement of the top of the mountain reaches at least 10% due to the opening of the cracks. Using both field measurement and numerical modelling (UDECTM), a slope stability analysis of a rocky spur NE of North-Peak is performed,. The results show that a volume of 0.2 Mm3 is likely to collapse following a bi-planar sliding (or either a wedge sliding in a lesser extent) Abstract Florian Humair, IGAR, IGP AGS 2Florian Humair, IGAR, IGP AGS 2 failure mechanism. The joint sets involved in the failure mechanism are those which developed during the folding phase. The potential unstable volume is also calculated using the Sloping Local Base Level (SLBL) and there is a good accordance between both methods. Globally, this study highlight that the fold related fracturing plays an important role in the destabilization of the mountain. Indeed, due to its homogenous spatial distribution in the study area as well as its geometrical configuration, it constitute an important predisposing factor leading to potential present day rock slope failures. Turtle Mountain anticline (Alberta, Canada): Rock slope stability related fracturing Florian Humair, IGAR, IGP AGS 3


A 144 Mb DRAM operates at a random cycle of 5.6 ns and is capable of producing data rates of 1.4 Gb/s/pin. The 121 mm/sup 2/ die is fabricated in a 0.13 /spl mu/m logic-based process. The cycle-time is achieved using an early-write sensing technique. Dynamic-precharge decoding and improved data-formatting circuits produce latencies of 5.0 ns.


This essay reviews the recent book by Carolyn Dean that seeks to elucidate the ways in which complaints about a "surfeit of memory" and the privileging of Jewish victimization during the Holocaust as unique and as the emblem of radical evil in our times has shaped discussions of victims in general, creating an environment in which groups vie for victim status as a means of validating their grievances and making claims for justice. The hostility to such claims has, Dean argues, created antivictim discourses that end up generating aversion toward victims, primarily by denying the validity of their claims to suffering and, in the case of Jews, projecting them as "perpetrators" in their neglect of the suffering of others. At the same time, Dean argues, the demand that victims narrate their suffering in the aesthetically constrained style of "minimalism" equally undermines the legitimacy of victims' memories by demanding that they be presented in an already mastered form, thereby erasing the very trauma that, in principle, such narratives seek to represent.

At stake in the debates concerning Holocaust memorial consciousness and its proper modes of representation, this article suggests, are larger historiographical and ethical issues about how to integrate the horrors of the past and the traumatic experience of terror into the normal protocols of historical writing, which rely on distance, objectivity, and interpretive critique as governing procedures. To incorporate terror into historical representation will mean acknowledging and accepting as historiographically legitimate the differing status of analytically recuperated "facts" and victim testimony and finding a way to theorize the reality of "voices" from the past without assuming the necessary "truth" of what they convey.


This research deals with the study of dynamics of nanoparticles and bubbles in creeping flows of viscous fluids. The study was based on theoretical approaches and numerical methods. To conduct numerical simulations, the original FORTRAN codes were developed and realised on a desktop computer. To process the obtained results the Mathcad software was actively used.

Firstly, the dynamics of two unlike and like charged particles in viscous fluid in the creeping flow approximation was studied. Two types and different models of viscous drag forces were taken into consideration. The particles' trajectories under the influence of all these forces were studied and compared with those immersed in inviscid fluid.

Next, the complex dynamics of small rigid particles under the influence of acoustic radiation force were considered. Our analysis was based on a more advanced model in comparison with those used in the earlier works (Sarvazyan & Ostrovsky, 2009; Ostrovsky, 2015). In addition to the Stokes drag force, the model used in this study included particle inertia, added mass effect, and the Boussinesq–Basset drag force, the effects of these were ignored in the cited papers. It has been shown through numerical solutions that all of these additional effects can be important at some stages of particle motion, whereas in other stages they can be neglected. The particle motion was considered both for the plane and cylindrical geometries. An interesting and prospective method of particle control in a fluid was studied by periodic switching of the acoustic modes in a resonator.

In the last Chapter there is an analysis of the influence of memory integral drag forces on the resonance characteristics of oscillating solid particles and gaseous bubbles in a viscous fluid under the influence of an external sinusoidal force. It has been shown that the memory integral drag forces lead to the widening of resonance curves and the reduction of resonance peaks, so that the effective quality of oscillator significantly decreases in comparison with the similar oscillator with only Stokes drag force.


Despite their crucial role in the nitrogen cycle, freshwater ecosystems are relatively rarely studied for active ammonia oxidizers (AO). This study of Lake Lucerne determined the abundance of both amoA genes and gene transcripts of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) over a period of 16 months, shedding more light on the role of both AO in a deep, alpine lake environment. At the surface, at 42 m water depth, and in the water layer immediately above the sediment, AOA generally outnumbered AOB. However, in the surface water during summer stratification, when both AO were low in abundance, AOB were more numerous than AOA. Temporal distribution patterns of AOA and AOB were comparable. Higher abundances of amoA gene transcripts were observed at the onset and end of summer stratification. In summer, archaeal amoA genes and transcripts correlated negatively with temperature and conductivity. Concentrations of ammonium and oxygen did not vary enough to explain the amoA gene and transcript dynamics. The observed herbivorous zooplankton may have caused a hidden flux of mineralized ammonium and a change in abundance of genes and transcripts. At the surface, AO might have been repressed during summer stratification due to nutrient limitation caused by active phytoplankton.


Normoglycemic ob/ob mice were treated for 24 or 48 h with either 25 micrograms/day of dexamethasone or saline. After an overnight fast, the animals were killed and pancreatic islets were incubated with 3H2O or [U-14C]glucose or [5-3H]glucose at 5.5 and 16.7 mM glucose. Incorporation of 3H from 3H2O into carbon 2 of medium glucose and the yield of 14CO2 from [U-14C]glucose and 3H2O from [5-3H]glucose were measured. Dexamethasone treatment for 48 h significantly increased the rate of dephosphorylation of glucose in islets both at 5.5 mM (24 vs. 16%) and 16.7 mM (56 vs. 36%) glucose, whereas glucose oxidation and utilization were unaffected. Dexamethasone treatment also inhibited insulin release by approximately 60% at 5.5 and 16.7 mM glucose, either in the presence or absence of 10 mM arginine, but had no effect when insulin release was stimulated by 1 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. Moreover, 24-h treatment with dexamethasone significantly increased glucose cycling at low and high glucose concentrations in the medium and inhibited insulin responsiveness to glucose and arginine. In conclusion, short-term dexamethasone treatment increases glucose flux through glucose-6-phosphatase in islets from ob/ob mice. This effect may contribute to the decreased insulin response to glucose and arginine found in animals treated with dexamethasone.


Background Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus currently transmitted in about 60 countries. CHIKV causes acute flu-like symptoms and in many cases prolonged musculoskeletal and joint pain. Detection of the infection is mostly done using RT-RCR or ELISA, which are not suitable for point-of-care diagnosis. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, a reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) assay for the detection of the CHIKV was developed. The assay sensitivity, specificity, and cross-reactivity were tested. CHIKV RT-RPA assay detected down to 80 genome copies/reaction in a maximum of 15 minutes. It successfully identified 18 isolates representing the three CHIKV genotypes. No cross-reactivity was detected to other alphaviruses and arboviruses except O'nyong'nyong virus, which could be differentiated by a modified RPA primer pair. Seventy-eight samples were screened both by RT-RPA and real-time RT-PCR. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the CHIKV RT-RPA assay were determined at 100%. Conclusions/Significance The developed RT-RPA assay represents a promising method for the molecular detection of CHIKV at point of need.


To achieve precision and satisfy the standards in daylight design, incorporation of computer based simulation tools during design development and decision making process could be useful. In addition to environmental factors several issues, such as construction and aesthetic, need to be considered concurrently during building projects which sometimes difficult to judge by simulation program in early stage of architectural design. To optimise time and achieve sensible design solutions this paper presents a case of therapeutic daylight shading design for an imaginary hospital in-patient room window configurations, located at London, where simulation guided results and other practical factors such as solar control criteria, line of vision, aesthetics and intuitive judgements of the authors were considered to meet the design goals. Though the simulation study is based on London climate, the principle of developing shading devices presented in this paper is also applicable for other types of building windows.


A new approach for investigating the selective structure of the gene pool reflecting the type and intensity of selection is proposed. Selection pressure is estimated on the basis of interpopulation gene diversity with the use of the selection intensity index: RS(i) = NeS(i) = 1/4(1/FST(i)-1/Fe). Distributions of RS(i) in gene pools of indigenous populations from all continents and five subregions of the northeastern Eurasia were examined. It was shown that, of all theoretical distributions, only beta-distributions provide a good approximation of RS(i) estimates. Based on the confidence intervals of RS obtained from beta-distributions, genes can be grouped into the three following classes according to their selective structure: LOWER DIFF, NEUTRAL, and SUPER DIFF. These classes, respectively, include genes subjected mainly to stabilizing selection (RS(i) > 0; LOWER DIFF), genes subjected mainly to differentiating selection (RS(i) < 0; SUPER DIFF), and arbitrarily selectively neutral genes (RS(i) approximately 0; NEUTRAL). Simulation of gene pool sampling (10(6) samples from 50 markers for each gene pool) allowed us to characterize the selective structure by determining markers that fall into the same selective class irrespective of the variant for the sampling process. The selective structure of gene pools from six continents (Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, America, and southeastern Eurasia) and five subregions of northeastern Eurasia was characterized. It was shown that approximately one-third of genes is subjected to selection irrespective of the hierarchical level of the region. In gene pools of Europe, northeastern Eurasia, and European and Ural subregions, the proportion of genes under stabilizing selection was higher, the proportion of selectively neutral genes, lower. Debatable issues of tests for selective neutrality based on heterogeneity of interpopulation gene diversity are considered. These issues include the effect on FST of the hierarchical population structure, sample size, number of subpopulations, and other factors that shift estimates of gene selective values.


Increasing demand for development of mobile software and websites in 2011-2012 sue CV. Metric Design to use contract employees. But the using of contract employee services are causing the problem of knowledge loss when the contract is completed as a result transfer of the project from the employee to the employee replacement requires substantial time. In addition to the problems of knowledge management, the company is also the difficulty in monitoring the management of the project. Project managers find it difficult to monitor the achievement of tasks for each member of the project team. Blueprint of Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) is designed to integrate the knowledge management with project management development software. The design blueprint KMS made with reference to the 10-Step Knowledge Management Roadmap. The 10-step of this study limit up to the sixth stage which is making blueprint. KMS research results in the form of a blueprint comes with the implementation of the roadmap both infrastructure and human resources required in order to provide an overview for the company in implementing KMS. In order to enhance the research are advised to proceed to the last step of the 10-Step Knowledge Management Roadmap resulting KMS ready for use by the company.


Networks of wireless integrated sensors are often used to monitor parameters distributed in the environment. These parameters are related to a variety of applications such as security, patient monitoring, chemical and biological hazard detection. Some solutions rely on replaceable batteries with a limited life-time to provide long-term sensor operation. Others envision short transmission range sensors (few meters) that harvest their energy from various environmental sources (e.g., solar, vibrations, acoustic noise). The Generic Autonomous Platform for Sensors (GAP4S) project explores an approach for wireless sensors that is complementary to these and other pre-existing solutions.
In GAP4S, the wireless sensor micro-battery is remotely recharged via a microwave signal. Medium transmission ranges in the tens to hundreds of meters are possible. Within these wireless transmission ranges, a base-station collects data transmitted by the sensors and acts as the access point to a wider (typically wired) communication network, e.g., the Internet. The authorized user can, therefore, remotely connect to, monitor, and manage both the sensor network and the individual sensors. An essential component of GAP4S is its end-to-end network reliability solution, which ensures the delivery of data generated at the sensor to the interested user across both the wireless and wired segments.
This dissertation investigates ways to achieve reliable networking for GAP4S over both the wireless and the wired segments. A specially designed solution is provided in each segment. In the wireless segment, error-free transmissions from the sensor node to the base-station is achieved using automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocols at layer 2. Two classes of ARQ protocols are designed and compared. The first is the conventional ARQ, whereby the data frame is retransmitted by the originating sensor until successfully received by the base-station. The second class takes advantage of cooperative radio communications, whereby multiple neighboring sensor nodes may combine their efforts during the retransmission process. The ARQ protocols are compared in terms of their saturation throughput, i.e., the maximum data flow that the sensor node can sustain constrained to the available energy amount. In a variety of scenarios---current and future expected circuit energy consumptions---the cooperative ARQ protocols may more than double the saturation throughput when compared to conventional ARQ protocols. Equivalently, it can be said that the energy required to operate the system may be reduced by half.
In the wired segment, fault tolerant networking is achieved by means of protection switching at layer 3. Given the increasingly widespread use of Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) backbone networks, the protection switching scheme is designed to operate in conjunction with WDM. Optical circuits are made reliable by means of a Shared Path Protection (SPP) switching scheme. The SPP scheme is generalized to guarantee Differentiated levels of Reliability (DiR) to the user. In the SPP-DiR combined scheme the desired level of reliability may be guaranteed while minimizing the required network resources, i.e., wavelengths. This feature makes it possible to support more optical connections and users when compared to other existing protection switching schemes.


This study of the contribution of working-class fiction to the debate on class conflict in Britain is based on four novels written by two ex-miners between 1929 and 1939: The Gate of a Strange Field (1929) and Last Cage Down (1935), by Harold Heslop, and Cwmardy (1937) and We Live (1939), by Lewis Jones. These novels represent, in working-class fiction, a unique combination of an archetypal working-class occupation, mining, with central features of the 1930s cultural discourse, the role of political ideology in literature.This study takes as its starting point the perception of these novels as having a specifically communicative function in the social and cultural context of the 1930s. It recognises their role in articulating the radical voice of the miner in the conflict of interests between capital and labour as exemplified by the coal industry. I also argue that the novels are influenced by the polarised discourse of British social and cultural life in this period. Cultural context is not seen simply as a reflection of 1930s attitudes and ideas, but also in relation to a tradition of working-class and miners' fiction that appropriates accepted literary forms for specific needs, in this case, the articulation of miners' grievances in the 1930s, seen in terms of class conflict. This conjuncture of historical and contemporary cultural discourses acts as the organising principle of the first part of this study.The four novels are analysed in terms of a sub-genre classification of the realist novel: the roman a these. This approach facilitates an analysis focusing on the determining influence of ideology as a totalising concept affecting the structure, content and message of these novels. I argue that the prime purpose of these novels is to constrain interpretation to a desired outcome, as represented by the doctrine inherent in the text. Two types of roman a these are distinguished: the apprenticeship, which builds on the precepts of the Bildungsroman, and the confrontational, which is non-transformational, depicting scenes of class conflict. The apprenticeship model consists of two types of exemplary narrative: positive and negative. This study demonstrates that, by applying the analytical model of a positive apprenticeship to Cwmardy, the narrative structures of the novel limit the potential for interpretation to the doctrinal assumptions underlying the text. The reader is expected to identify with the class-conscious insights gained by the hero. The Gate of a Strange Field, in contrast, acts as a cautionary tale, illustrating the consequences of embracing a false doctrine. Both We Live and Last Cage Down are considered as novels of confrontation in which the primary conflict between capital and labour is modified by a secondary conflict within labour on the question of ways and means of achieving a socialist society.The conclusion reached is that these novels can only be understood in relation to the polarised social and cultural attitudes of the 1930s, and in relation to their place in a history of miners' literature that appropriates literary forms to engage in a debate on the class nature of British society.


: The anti-hypertensive effect of spironolactone and thiabutazide was tested on 47 unselected patients with primary hypertension. They were divided into two groups according to the change in plasma-renin activity in response to furosemide administration: those with and those without response to stimulation, and sub-groups with low, normal or high plasma-renin activity (low renin hypertension; normal renin hypertension; high renin hypertension). During both 4-week treatment periods there was a distinct fall in systolic blood pressure, most marked in the patients without plasma renin stimulation (after spironolactone of about 26.2 mm Hg, after thiabutazide 29 mm Hg), the diastolic pressure fall being only slight in all groups (about 5-10 mm Hg). The plasma-renin activity and plasma-aldosterone concentration increased in all groups, after both spironolactone and thiabutazide three-to fourfold compared with the basal value, even in patients without change in plasma-renin activity after furosemide injections. Serum sodium content decreased after administration of spironolactone, increasing again after subsequent thiabutazide administration. Serum potassium content increased after spironolactone, decreasing after thiabutazide. There was no significant difference between either individual groups or different treatment periods with spironolactone or thiabutazide as far as weight, urine volume or electrolyte excretion in 24-hour urine was concerned.


The lexicon of English contains a number of words which developed emergent stops, mostly p, b, t, d. Some of these words have functioned as variants of forms without such stops (cf. OE endleofan ~ enlefan or gandra ~ ganra) but in most cases they prevail in Present-day English, as exemplified by OE nimol > ModE nimble, OE æmtig > ModE empty. The present study examines the process of labial stop epenthesis from the perspective of diachrony and diatopy. I searched for the words containing emergent labial stops in the texts collected in historical English corpora to identify their uses with and without parasitic consonants. This made it possible to establish a precise chronology of the process, which was at work from Old to Modern English, and the context in which such stops appeared.


Large-scale, data-intensive scientific applications are often expressed as scientific workflows (SWfs). In this paper, we consider the problem of efficient scheduling of a large SWf in a multisite cloud, i.e., a cloud with geo-distributed cloud data centers (sites). The reasons for using multiple cloud sites to run a SWf are that data is already distributed, the necessary resources exceed the limits at a single site, or the monetary cost is lower. In a multisite cloud, metadata management has a critical impact on the efficiency of SWf scheduling as it provides a global view of data location and enables task tracking during execution. Thus, it should be readily available to the system at any given time. While it has been shown that efficient metadata handling plays a key role in performance, little research has targeted this issue in multisite cloud. In this paper, we propose to identify and exploit hot metadata (frequently accessed metadata) for efficient SWf scheduling in a multisite cloud, using a distributed approach. We implemented our approach within a scientific workflow management system, which shows that our approach reduces the execution time of highly parallel jobs up to 64 percent and that of the whole SWfs up to 55 percent.


Provision of excellent customer service is critical to the success of organisations relying on sales and patronage to survive. There is an abundance of theory suggesting a link between the adoption of a coaching style of management and enhanced performance. However, there is a scarcity of research focusing on the application of coaching in a customer-facing setting. Further, little attention has been given to understanding how the cultural characteristics of organisations play a part in supporting, or otherwise, the success of coaching's contribution to improved performance and achievement of organisational goals. Using an organisational case study, this research seeks to address these knowledge gaps by exploring the question of how the adoption of coaching behaviours by line managers contributes to the achievement of organisational goals. The research focuses on a case organisation that relies on front-line staff, across the UK, to deliver excellent customer service, thereby helping to increase sales and patronage.


The influence of prostaglandins on glial functions and, more specifically, on glial activation is not well understood. We report here that prostaglandin E2(PGE2), one of the major prostaglandins produced in the brain, acts as a potent and selective inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated primary microglia and the microglial cell line BV-2. The IC50 for this effect is 1 nm, and 100 nm PGE2 suppresses TNF-α production by >95%. More detailed studies of BV-2 cells show that PGE2also prevents the secretion of interleukin (IL)-6 but does not significantly modify lipopolysaccharide-stimulated expression of cyclooxygenase-2, pro-IL-1β, or inducible nitric oxide synthase. PGE2 appears to act primarily at the level of translation or protein stability, because TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA levels were only modestly decreased at high PGE2 concentrations; concomitantly with this inhibition, PGE2 up-regulated the levels of IL-1β mRNA. The effects of PGE2 could be largely mimicked by 8-bromo-cAMP, suggesting that, as in other cell types, PGE2 action is mediated at least in part by a rise in intracellular cyclic AMP. However, the protein kinase A inhibitor H89 only partially reversed the inhibition of TNF-α production by PGE2, implying that the PGE2 effect in BV-2 cells is mediated through both protein kinase A-dependent and -independent pathways.


We consider the problem of preference-based search for configurable products. We focus on example-based tools that interactively show both candidates (best options given current preferences) and suggestions to stimulate preference expression. Suggestions are generated to maximize the chance of eliciting further preferences using our lookahead principle. We present Probabilistic Constraint Optimization problems (ProbCOPs) that allow to reason about the uncertainty of the preference models and show how the generation of suggestions can be formulated as a single optimization problem.


Background Maternal immune activation (MIA) during prenatal life is a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders including schizophrenia and autism. Such conditions are associated with alterations in fronto-subcortical circuits, but their molecular basis is far from clear. Methodology/Principal Findings Using two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass spectrometry, with targeted western blot analyses for confirmation, we investigated the impact of MIA on the prefrontal and striatal proteome from an established MIA mouse model generated in C57B6 mice, by administering the viral analogue PolyI:C or saline vehicle (control) intravenously on gestation day (GD) 9. In striatum, 11 proteins were up-regulated and 4 proteins were down-regulated in the PolyI:C mice, while 10 proteins were up-regulated and 7 proteins down-regulated in prefrontal cortex (PFC). These were proteins involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, oxidation and auto-immune targets, including dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK), eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4A-II, creatine kinase (CK)-B, L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-B, WD repeat-containing protein and NADH dehydrogenase in the striatum; and guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein), 14-3-3 protein, alpha-enolase, olfactory maker protein and heat shock proteins (HSP) 60, and 90-beta in the PFC. Conclusions/Significance This data fits with emerging evidence for disruption of critical converging intracellular pathways involving MAPK pathways in neurodevelopmental conditions and it shows considerable overlap with protein pathways identified by genetic modeling and clinical post-mortem studies. This has implications for understanding causality and may offer potential biomarkers and novel treatment targets for neurodevelopmental conditions.


Abstract Little Slope is a series of debris avalanche deposits below basalt cliffs 700 m high at the southern end of Lord Howe Island (31°35′S 159°05′E). There are five distinct physiographic areas on the slope, each separated by sharp boundaries which mostly correspond to boundaries between features on the cliffs above. The physiography is a consequence of a series of landslides of different, but unknown, ages. A model of the physiographic history is presented. Each physiographic area supports a different vegetation community, also separated by sharp boundaries. The present structure of two communities, Melaleuca howeana scrub and Howea forsterana forest, is a consequence of damage by feral animals. Melaleuca scrub has replaced Cyperus lucidus sedgeland destroyed by goats (Capra hircus) browsing from 1914 until their extermination in 1955. Howea forest has a markedly unimodal age distribution with very few small individuals of the dominant palms. This is a result of the combined effects of browsing by goats on small palms, and seed predation by black rats (Rattus rattus) from the 1920s, preventing regeneration. Unless rat numbers are periodically reduced to reduce seed predation, regeneration may be insufficient to guarantee long‐term survival of the forest.