A theoretical framework for understanding public library development is presented; plural agonistics is used in combination with an approach inspired by posthumanism. The framework is related to examples from a study of two Swedish public libraries. Antagonism is viewed as foundational, and democracy as an ongoing process, the task being to transform antagonism to agonism, with institutions like libraries postulated as important spaces for adversaries to meet in dialogue. Libraries are viewed here as constantly becoming institutions, and the librarian's identity as an ongoing enactment of the library. To underscore the crucial role the library fills in society, it is conceptualized as a verb and a new word is proposed: to librarize. Discussions about the content of libraries are critical for librarians to find ways to perform the library. The ongoing debate is part of the professional performance of librarians. Librarians should, while acknowledging that there may be no single right way, debate over what is the most beneficial way to facilitate libraries' vital role in democracy. Conceptualizing of the library as a verb and its implications for librarianship as a possible active agent for radical change within society are offered as articulations of resistance.


Personality trait research with self and observer ratings has been previously applied in psychology, however, in the HRM field, most studies on personality features have been limited to self-assessment data. We investigate how personality is associated with the stress related to the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) which has been termed by a number of scholars as technostress. Drawing from both prior research on personality dimensions and studies on antecedents of technostress, we examine the relationship between technostress creators and technostress antecedents such as personality traits, differences between self and observer ratings, availability through ICTs and use of ICTs. Our findings, based on ordered regression analysis, show that pseudo-extraverts and pseudo-conscientious individuals are likely to experience lower levels of techno-invasion. Moreover, results demonstrate that individuals with high levels of conscientiousness and extraversion tend to have higher levels of techno-insecurity and techno-overload, respectively. Finally, we also find that increased availability through ICTs is associated with high levels of techno-invasion. Interestingly, the use of ICTs has a negative effect on technostress. The implications of these findings are discussed, and directions for future research are suggested.


An effective dual-channel noise reduction method is proposed and implemented to increase the performance of speech recognition in vehicular environment. While various single channel methods have already been developed and dual-channel methods have been investigated somewhat, their effectiveness in real environments, such as in vehicle, has not yet been formally proven in terms of achieving acceptable performance level. Our aim is to remedy the low performance of the single and dual-channel noise reduction methods. In particular, we propose a dual-channel noise reduction method based on a high-pass filter and front-end processing of the eigen-decomposition method. Representative experiments were conducted with a real multi-channel vehicular corpus and results were compared with each other in various multiple-microphone arrangements. From the analysis and results, we show that the enhanced eigen-decomposition method combined with high-pass filter indeed significantly improves the speech recognition performance under dual-channel environment.


Abdominal exploration for massive gastrointestinal bleeding quite frequently results in a blind gastric resection 1,3,4 ; however, it is exceedingly rare that one chooses to do an empiric right colectomy. 2 This is a report of bleeding by the mouth and rectum from right colon polyposis for which blind right colectomy was performed. A 77-year-old white woman was admitted on June 20, 1958, with a 6-hour history of copious vomiting of dark, clotted blood, accompanied with dark and red bloody stools. There were moderate nausea, generalized abdominal cramps, and profound weakness, which caused her to fall and cut her forehead. In December, 1956, she had been explored for a pelvic mass. When the peritoneum was opened, 400 cc. of ascitic fluid was found. A 20 cm. papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the left ovary was embedded in the mesentery of the sigmoid colon. The right ovary and uterus were normal, as was the


CodTech provides the Norwegian, and European aquaculture industry with facilities for testing new techniques and equipment related to the rearing of marine fish larvae. The facilities provides cutting edge technology to researchers from countries participating in the AQUAEXCEL programme, with automated feeding, the ability to control water exchange rates for individual tanks and a solution for measuring the density of plankton in the rearing tanks. Previous efforts at the laboratory has been focused on finding a suitable software system for integrating the many different subsystems used at the facilities. This the- sis will continue this work by developing strategies for the integration of additional systems. In particular, the automated feeding solution, as well as the density measurements for plankton has been integrated with the existing system. A solution for controlling the density of rotifer by combining the available measurement and control methods has also been proposed. Furthermore, the server infrastructure at the facilities has been upgraded to better support future requirements adn to increase the reliability of the system. Efforts has also been made to ensure that the system functions correctly in the event of power outages or component failures. The strategies which are proposed in this thesis has been developed as a result of work done at the CodTech facilities. However, the overall design of the system could be used at other laboratories or even commercial facilities.


Alumina/SiC "nanocomposites" consist of a dispersion of SiC "nanoparticles" in an alumina matrix with conventional grain size. The nanocomposites are much more resistant to severe wear than pure alumina and this paper explores the mechanisms responsible by examining microstructure-property relationships. Results correlating (i) microstructure, (ii) wear rate in a simple abrasive wear test and (iii) quantitative analysis of the appearance of the worn surfaces, are presented. The results show that the reduction in wear rate caused by the SiC is a consequence of the reduction in surface pullout by brittle fracture only. For small volume fractions ( 5vol%), the main effect of the SiC additions is to reduce the dimensions (diameter, depth) of the individual pullouts. This is suggested to be a consequence of the change in fracture mode from intergranular in alumina to transgranular in the nanocomposites. For greater additions of SiC nanoparticles (10vol%), the brittle fracture responsible for the cracking is also suppressed, and it is proposed that this is a consequence of the blocking of the formation of the long twins or dislocation pileups that are thought to be responsible for crack initiation by intragranular SiC particles (i.e. a form of slip homogenisation).


[1] Valley networks provide compelling evidence that past geologic processes on Mars were different than those seen today. The generally accepted paradigm is that these features formed from groundwater circulation, which may have been driven by differential heating induced by magmatic intrusions, impact melt, or a higher primordial heat flux. Although such mechanisms may not require climatic conditions any different than today's, they fail to explain the large amount of recharge necessary for maintaining valley network systems, the spatial patterns of erosion, or how water became initially situated in the Martian regolith. In addition, there are no clear surface manifestations of any geothermal systems (e.g., mineral deposits or phreatic explosion craters). Finally, these models do not explain the style and amount of crater degradation. To the contrary, analyses of degraded crater morphometry indicate modification occurred from creep induced by rain splash combined with surface runoff and erosion; the former process appears to have continued late into Martian history. A critical analysis of the morphology and drainage density of valley networks based on Mars Global Surveyor data shows that these features are, in fact, entirely consistent with rainfall and surface runoff. The necessity for a cold, dry early Mars has been predicated on debatable astronomical and climatic arguments. A warm, wet early climate capable of supporting rainfall and surface runoff is the most plausible scenario for explaining the entire suite of geologic features in the Martian cratered highlands.


Regulators and prosecutors are now asking corporations to report any wrongdoing within the organization as quickly and completely as possible. One group increasingly identified with the obligation to report misconduct is corporate counsel. Traditionally, lawyers had no duty to report misconduct by their clients under the attorney-client privilege, but that view has eroded as the government expects attorneys to take on a greater role in identifying violations that can lead to administrative and criminal sanctions against their clients. This Essay looks at how the role of the corporate attorney is moving away from the "wise counselor" model of legal representation and toward that of the whistleblower obliged to disclose information about potential violations by the corporate client or risk being viewed as a participant in the misconduct, subject to civil and criminal sanctions. This presents especially vexing problems for in-house counsel who represent a single client: they may find themselves at great financial risk if the gatekeeping requirement is expanded.


Countries at all stages of economic development desire economic growth. Hausmann et al. (2007) devises a theoretical model and empirical analysis purporting that the type of goods which a country produces, categorized by the wealth level of all countries producing such goods, serves as one determinant of economic growth. Given the importance of this finding, particularly for developing countries, and the broad range of technical capabilities which countries possess, this study seeks to determine if this relationship holds within productive categories, classified by the technological requirements of their production, or simply represents a movement from primary and resource-based products to higher level manufactures. In particular, this study analyzes the sophistication of exports in five categories; primary products, resource based products, as well as low, medium, and high-tech manufactures, correlating each countries level of sophistication in these categories with economic growth using both five and ten year panels over the period 1962-2000. The empirical analysis confirms the importance of sophistication in the low-tech sector, which includes textiles and basic metal manufacturing, as an indicator of economic growth in all countries, while suggesting that sophistication within the high-tech sector, comprised of pharmaceuticals, electronics, and aircraft equipment, plays a significant role in highly developed countries.


UNLABELLED
Background Partner notification (PN) for sexually transmissible infections (STIs) is a vital STI control method. The most recent evaluation of PN practices in the United States, conducted in 1999, indicated that few STI patients were offered PN services. The objectives of this study were to obtain a preliminary understanding of the current provision of PN services in HIV/STI testing sites throughout the US and to determine the types of PN services available.

METHODS
A convenience sample of 300 randomly selected testing sites was contacted to administer a phone survey about PN practices. These sites were from a large database maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sites were eligible to participate if they provided testing services for chlamydia, gonorrhoea, HIV or syphilis and were not hospitals or Planned Parenthood locations.

RESULTS
Of the 300 eligible sites called, 79 sites were successfully reached, of which 74 agreed to participate, yielding a response rate of 24.7% and a cooperation rate of 93.7%. Most surveyed testing sites provided some form of PN service (anonymous or non-anonymous) on site or through an affiliate for chlamydia (100%), gonorrhoea (97%), HIV (91%) and syphilis (96%) infection. Anonymous PN services were available at 67-69% of sites. Only 6-9% of sites offered Internet-based PN services.

CONCLUSIONS
Most surveyed testing sites currently offer some type of PN service for chlamydia, gonorrhoea, HIV or syphilis infection. However, approximately one-third of surveyed sites do not offer anonymous services. Novel, Internet-based methods may be warranted to increase the availability of anonymous services.


apy. A 63-year-old right-handed black male complained of "shakiness on writing." He noted that his writing had progressively got worse over the past one year and was currently unreadable. He had recently ceased writing. He had no difficulties with other tasks. He had found that alcohol ingestion in small amounts would improve his writing but several hours after alcohol cessation his writing would be worse. There was no family history of neurological disease or tremor. Neurological examination was normal except for a mild bilateral postural hand tremor and a marked tremor consisting of a rhythmic pronation/supination of the right hand when attempting to write. Propranolol therapy was started and the dose was increased to 100 mg/day. No effect was noted. The dose was not increased further because of a cardiac condition. Propranolol was discontinued and primidone, 50 mg at nighttime, was given. After one week of therapy the patient reported that his tremor had "quieted down," and that his writing was almost normal especially in the morning. A mild tremor on writing was noted. The dose of primidone was increased to 250 mg and further improvement in writing occurred. Placebo therapy was then substituted for primidone. One week later the patient reported that this "medicine did not work" and he was again having difficulty with writ-


Sharpnose sharks Rhizoprionodon lalandii and R. porosus are frequently captured in fishing activities in Brazil and are significantly consumed by humans, especially in southeastern Brazil. Both species lack population data and suffer intense fishing pressures and habitat degradation, consequently hindering adequate management and conservation actions. In this context, this study aimed to assess mercury (Hg) contamination in R. lalandii, and R. porosus sampled off the coast of Rio de Janeiro, addressing both animal health and public health risks. Sharks were obtained from two artisanal fishing colonies in southeastern Brazil (Copacabana and Recreio dos Bandeirantes), located on the coastal zone adjacent to Guanabara Bay, one of the most important, productive, and contaminated estuaries in Brazil, and a further three artisanal fishing colonies from the Região dos Lagos area (Saquarema, Cabo Frio and Rio das Ostras). Hg concentrations in liver, muscle, and brain in R. lalandii (n = 24) and R. porosus (n = 20) specimens were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A gravid female measuring 112 cm from Copacabana is the first record for an individual of this size for R. lalandii. No correlation between length and muscle Hg concentrations was observed, and no differences between Hg concentrations for muscle or liver were found between male and female juveniles from either Cabo Frio or Rio das Ostras. No differences in Hg loads were observed herein for both assessed species. Low Hg bioaccumulation in juveniles and nongravid female muscle tissue was noted compared to significantly higher Hg concentrations in gravid females. Hg was detected in all embryos, indicating potential maternal offloading. As Hg thresholds for sharks in particular have not yet been established, whether the Hg concentrations detected in brain pose neurotoxic risks for these animals is not known. Public health concerns concerning adult R. lalandii consumption from Copacabana, however, are significant.


In recent years, literature has linked structural reforms with productivity growth. Considering Portugal's recent comprehensive reform agenda, this topic acquires particular relevance. Using data for Portuguese firms for the period 2006-2014, this paper assesses the impact of structural reforms on firms' productivity. In line with existing literature, the analysis shows that most reforms entail long-term gains, despite, in some reform areas, the existence of short-term costs. In general, there are important differences across reform areas and across firms, namely when comparing firms with different productivity levels. The firms' distance to the technological frontier mediates the impact of reforms, either by potentiating its effects or by curbing them, depending on the reform area.


In many Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) deployments, the communication medium is shared with other interference sources, such as WiFi, Bluetooth, and Microwave ovens. The performance of WSN Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols is known to be reduced under these conditions, including diminished packet delivery as collisions increase. The design of current MAC protocols, which cater for low energy and reliable packet delivery, perform poorly in interference conditions. This is due in part firstly, to the fragility of the sender/receiver rendezvous, and secondly, to the channel arbitration and collision recovery approaches being agnostic to the cause of packet loss. We analyse the operation of one particular MAC protocol, RI-MAC, and consider its behaviour under interference. Following this, three mechanisms are proposed to bolster interference resilience: Resilient Probes, Resilient Channel Arbitration and Resilient Data transmission. These mechanisms are designed around RI-MAC, however are broad enough to be applicable to most other WSN MAC protocols.


THE PEERS INTERVENTION: SOCIAL ANXIETY, PHYSIOLOGICAL REGULATION, AND CORE AUTISTIC SYMPTOMS IN ADOLESCENTS WITH AUTISM Kirsten A. Schohl, B.A. Marquette University, 2012 There have been very few effective interventions developed that have focused on improving social skills in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), however, the need is persistent. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Program for the Enrichment and Education of Relational Skills (PEERS: Laugeson, Frankel, Mogil, & Dillon, 2009). PEERS focuses on improving friendship quality and social skills among adolescents, ages 11-15 years, with higher-functioning ASD. This study included 47 participants, who were randomly assigned to two groups. Assessment measures utilized parent report and adolescent self-report at preand post-treatment. In addition, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was measured at both pre-and post-treatment in order to assess adolescents' physiological arousal. Results revealed, in comparison to the waitlist control group, that the experimental treatment group significantly improved their knowledge of PEERS concepts and friendship skills, increased in their amount of get-togethers, and displayed less autistic symptoms as reported by parents, from pre-to post-PEERS. RSA was found to significantly decrease over time in both groups, contrary to expectations. This study greatly adds to the minimal literature regarding social skills interventions for adolescents with ASD, as well as suggests further avenues for understanding the complex effect of intervention on physiology in ASD.


Background Toxicity is the most important reason for premature switching of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). In order to optimize the benefit–risk ratio of HAART, guidelines for toxicity management are needed. Objective An observational cohort study to estimate the incidence and identify determinants of toxicity-driven switches on second-line HAART after having switched first-line HAART despite successful viral suppression. Methods Patients were selected from those in the ATHENA cohort (n = 2470) who switched the initial HIV protease inhibitor (PI)-containing HAART while plasma HIV-1 RNA was ⩽ 500 copies/ml (n = 775). One-year cumulative incidences of subsequent toxicity-driven switches and adjusted relative risks (RR) for potential determinants were calculated. Results The 1-year cumulative incidence of toxicity-driven switches of the second regimen was 24% [95% confidence interval (CI), 21–28], mostly because of gastrointestinal toxicity and neuropathy. Those who had switched from first HAART because of toxicity were at an increased risk of a recurrent toxicity-driven switch (RR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.7–3.5). Switching from PI to nevirapine while continuing the other antiretroviral drugs was more protective against a subsequent switch because of further toxicity than changing to another PI-containing regimen (RR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1–0.6). Conclusions As for first-line HAART, toxicity is responsible for the majority of switches during second-line HAART. Prior switching for toxicity increased the risk of having to switch the subsequent regimen for toxicity, but this risk is reduced when switching to nevirapine rather than to an alternative PI. The latter should be taken into account when designing toxicity-management guidelines.


The authors present a case of an 11-month-old boy with a giant hemispheric arteriovenous fistula, which was successfully excised. The pathogenesis of the hydrocephalus present in this case is discussed.


The past two years have marked a turning point in Canada's cyber defence and security policy. In "Strong, Secure and Engaged,�? the Government of Canada called on the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) to adopt a more assertive cyber posture. To implement this policy, the CAF will have to rely heavily on Canada's civilian signals intelligence agency, the Communications Security Establishment (CSE). Under the proposed Bill C-59: An Act Respecting National Security Matters, CSE's responsibilities will be expanded to include the provision of technical and operational assistance to CAF and the Department of National Defence, and a mandate to engage in defensive and active cyber operations. This paper assesses the international legal implications arising from CSE's expanded mandate and the risks of relying on civilians to engage in offensive operations in an armed conflict. Looking to our five eyes partners for guidance, the paper also makes a series of policy proposals to minimize the risks to Canadian security and international relations arising from those implications.


Current reinforced earth structure designs arbitrarily distinguish between reinforced walls and slopes, that is, the batter of walls is 20° or less while in slopes it is larger than 20°. This has led to disjointed design methodologies where walls employ a lateral earth pressure approach and slopes utilize limit equilibrium analyses. The earth pressure approach used is either simplified (e.g., ignoring facing effects), approximated (e.g., considering facing effects only partially), or purely empirical. It results in selection of a geosynthetic with a long-term strength that is potentially overly conservative or, by virtue of ignoring statics, potentially unconservative. The limit equilibrium approach used in slopes deals explicitly with global equilibrium only; it is ambiguous about the load in individual layers. Presented is a simple limit equilibrium methodology to determine the unfactored global geosynthetic strength required to ensure sufficient internal stability in reinforced earth structures. This approach allows for seamless integration of the design methodologies for reinforced earth walls and slopes. The methodology that is developed accounts for the sliding resistance of the facing. The results are displayed in the form of dimensionless stability charts. Given the slope angle, the design frictional strength of the soil, and the toe resistance, the required global unfactored strength of the reinforcement can be determined using these charts. The global strength is then distributed among individual layers using three different assumed distribution functions. It is observed that, generally, the assumed distribution functions have secondary effects on the trace of the critical slip surface. The impact of the distribution function on the required global strength of reinforcement is minor and exists only when there is no toe resistance, when the slope tends to be vertical, or when the soil has low strength. Conversely, the impact of the distribution function on the maximum unfactored load in individual layers, a value which is typically used to select the geosynthetics, can result in doubling its required long-term strength.


This paper studies power allocation for distributed estimation of an unknown scalar random source in sensor networks with a multiple-antenna fusion center (FC), where wireless sensors are equipped with radio-frequency-based energy harvesting technology. The sensors' observation is locally processed by using an uncoded amplify-and-forward scheme. The processed signals are then sent to the FC, and are coherently combined at the FC, at which the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE) is adopted for reliable estimation. We aim to solve the following two power allocation problems: 1) minimizing distortion under various power constraints; and 2) minimizing total transmit power under distortion constraints, where the distortion is measured in terms of mean-squared error of the BLUE. Two iterative algorithms are developed to solve the nonconvex problems, which converge at least to a local optimum. In particular, the above algorithms are designed to jointly optimize the amplification coefficients , energy beamforming, and receive filtering. For each problem, a suboptimal design, a single-antenna FC scenario, and a common harvester deployment for collocated sensors, are also studied. Using the powerful semidefinite relaxation framework, our result is shown to be valid for any number of sensors, each with different noise power, and for an arbitrarily number of antennas at the FC.


The complexity of care needs that characterize economically advanced societies requires a systemic approach to the organization of health services so as to enable them to meet the diverse health needs of the population, in line with their economic sustainability. The proper functioning of the service network is related to the ability to change our way of thinking and to the development of health services by adapting them to the rapid and profound changes characterizing the social fabric. The current organization of the maternity facilities network in Italy shows strong regional differences and raises many concerns when we analyze the data in the tenth Report on Births in Italy, prepared by the Statistics Office with 2011 data from the information flow of the Certificate of Attendance at Childbirth (CeDAP). This survey is the richest national source of health, epidemiological, and socio-demographic information on births, and therefore represents a very important tool for health planning, at both a national and, especially, a regional level Proceedings of the 11 th International Workshop on Neonatology and Satellite Meetings · Cagliari (Italy) · October 26 th -31 st , 2015 · From the womb to the adult Guest Editors: Vassilios Fanos (Cagliari, Italy), Michele Mussap (Genoa, Italy), Antonio Del Vecchio (Bari, Italy), Bo Sun (Shanghai, China), Dorret I. Boomsma (Amsterdam, the Netherlands), Gavino Faa (Cagliari, Italy), Antonio Giordano (Philadelphia, USA) .


Solar energy triggered steam generation has emerged as a green and sustainable strategy that can potentially address the long-standing global freshwater scarcity issue. However, given that there is inadequate light illumination early in the morning or late afternoon or cloudy days, it is continuous steam generation in all weather that is a great challenge for the state-of-the-art solar-driven steam generators. Here, we present an all-weather-available steam generation system, which is capable of harvesting solar energy to continuously generate steam based on the alternative photo-thermal and electro-thermal conversion of crosslinked MXene aerogels (CMAs) in the day time and at night. In virtue of the strong light absorption and excellent electrical conductivity of the CMA, the constructed steam generation system can not only convert sunlight into heat for steam generation on sunny days but persistently achieve heat generation by utilization of electricity in low-light or dark circumstances. Furthermore, the ingenious introduction of solar cells-battery components makes full use of the daytime sunlight to further power the steam generation system for heating up the CMA at night, avoiding extra electrical energy input and loss. This work offers new insights into developing continuous steam generation technologies applicable to day–night alternation and complex environments.


In the first part of this study, the faces of spiritual discourses in a South African female correctional centre are described as they are shaped by culture, race, religious background, and the need for physical contact. The source of this part of the study is the researcher's own observations whilst working in the Pretoria Female Correctional Centre on behalf of the (South African) Judicial Inspectorate of Prisons. The second and main part of the study describes the interface between spirituality and sexuality in this correctional centre as discourses holding the correctees captive in frustration and misunderstanding. The sources of this part of the study are hand-written testimonies by the correctees themselves which they prepared willingly at the request of the researcher. In the final part of the study, alternative religious discourses on the incarcerated female body are proposed.


Background In 2011 there were 6,280 new HIV diagnoses in the UK, of which 47% were diagnosed late (CD4 cell count 2/1,000 adult population. We evaluated compliance with BHIVA-guidelines on HIV testing outside of STI and antenatal settings. Methods We carried out a systematic review searching MEDLINE, EMBASE and conference abstracts using variations of "HIV", "testing" and "UK" to identify relevant studies, and used meta-analysis to calculate an overall HIV testing prevalence. Results Thirty-three UK studies measuring HIV testing in BHIVA-guideline recommended settings were identified. Overall, 37.9% of eligible patients had HIV tests. Thirteen studies reported levels of HIV test offer and uptake: in 10 studies < 50% of eligible patients were offered a test; of those offered, uptake ranged from 47.9%–100%, with 11 reporting > 65% uptake. Twenty-one studies reported seropositivity (range: 0.0%–11.8%). Conclusion There appears to be poor compliance with the 2008 BHIVA-guidelines for testing outside of STI and antenatal clinics. Over 60% of eligible patients remained untested. Test offer rates were lower than uptake, suggesting clinician-barriers may be stronger than patient-barriers to increasing testing. Greater clinician training in routine HIV testing and improved HIV testing surveillance in clinical settings may be required to further encourage increased HIV testing in the UK.


In Germany, it has become conventional wisdom that the economic uncertainty associated fixed-term employment contracts prevents young couples from realizing their desire to have children. From a research perspective, it is however far from clear whether fixed-term contracts are the obstacle to family formation that the public a priori expect them to be. In this paper, we first develop a simple dynamic bargaining model that allows us to ask theoretically: under what conditions will couples choose to have children early on in life, postpone it to later in life, or decide to remain childless? And: to what extent does the economic uncertainty associated with holding fixed-term employment contract affect these choices? We obtain two theoretical predictions. On the one hand, job uncertainty at the beginning of women's employment careers causes couples to postpone parenthood. On the other hand, job uncertainty in women's mid-career lives causes couples to enter parenthood instead of remaining voluntarily childless. We bring these theoretical predictions to data from the German Socio-Economimc Panel (SOEP). Ordinary least squares and fixed-effects estimations show that, at the beginning of women's employment careers, holding a fixed-term employment contract and the probability of entering parenthood are negatively correlated. When considering women in their mid-career lives, holding a fixed-term contract has a positive impact on the probability of entering parenthood.


With the development of knowledge economy, E-commerce is facing more and more challenges, therefore, it is necessary to formulate a new developing strategy of e-commerce through the introduction of Knowledge Management (KM). This paper discusses the relationship between KM and e-commerce, points out that it is very necessary to introduce KM into e-commerce. Afterward, on the basis of analysis of knowledge contents concerned in e-commerce, it proposed the KM-based developing strategy of e-commerce from three aspects: the premise of development, the developing path, and the guaranteeing measure.


This paper provides new evidence on income and price elasticities of demand for agricultural exports from Mercosur countries to the EU. Econometric models are constructed for eight agricultural commodities - beef, cocoa, coffee, orange juice, poultry, sugar, soya and wheat - exported from Mercosur to the EU. A modelling approach based on the error correction mechanism is used in order to emphasise the importance of the dynamics of trade functions. The results indicate that there is a relatively weak demand response to income and price changes in the EU. However, the results also suggest that relative-price variations affect significantly the demand for Mercosur commodity exports, implying that the exporter's market share is influenced by price competitiveness.


The invention relates to a method and a device for producing a dispersed mixture from at least two phases. To do this, the first and the second phase are subdivided into split streams so that the split streams from the first phase are located on a first flat layer and the split streams from the second phase are located on a second flat layer, the split streams of the first phase inside the flat layer being fed onto the split streams of the second phase at an angle in order to bring about a dispersion and mixing process, wherein the flat layers are directly arranged on top of each other, parallel to each other by a device consisting of at least one base unit containing two foils into which a parallel assembly of grooves is inserted on one side of each foil, wherein both foils are configured in the base unit in such a way that the sides of the foils fitted with grooves lie on top of each other and form an angle with each other.


Abstract Background Deep infections of the extremities are a challenge that threaten limb salvage. Objectives To investigate whether the results of bone and deep tissue cultures from patients with trophic limb ulcers coincide. Methods A retrospective study was conducted with data from 54 patients with deep trophic limb ulcers admitted to the Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Salvador (BA), Brazil. The study analyzed all patients for whom cultures of material from foot wounds in patients with tissue loss had been performed using two specimen types: bone and fragments of deep tendon. The study analyzed concordance between the two sample types and total number of microorganisms and numbers of microorganisms by Gram staining in both samples. Results The mean age of the 54 patients in the sample was 63.6 years, 80% had PAOD, 70% were diabetic, and 72% were hypertensive. Analysis of the cultures showed that 28 (52%) pairs of samples from the 54 patients exhibited complete concordance, with the same microorganisms grown from fragments of deep tendon and bone. There was partial disagreement in 13 samples (24%) and total disagreement in 13 (24%). On average, 1.62 microorganisms were isolated from deep tendon fragments and 1.72 were isolated from bone samples. Analyzing Gram-positive microorganisms separately, the mean number of species grown was 0.48 for tendon cultures and 0.44 for bone cultures. In contrast, the mean number of Gram-negative microorganisms isolated was 1.14 for tendon samples and 1.27 for bone samples. Conclusions Around half of the patients with foot tissue loss had bone and tendon cultures that coincided exactly.


The demand of performance robustness against the uncertainty in design variables is required during the optimization process. From the viewpoint of fast robustness evaluation for the electromagnetic problem, based on the worst case scenario approximation and design sensitivity analysis, a new robust optimization algorithm, the sensitivity-assisted worst case optimization (SA-WCO), is developed. In order to keep higher accuracy of the robustness prediction, the second-order sensitivity implemented by the hybrid direct differentiation-adjoint variable method is introduced into the robustness assessment. The performance and robustness of the proposed SA-WCO algorithms are investigated through a numerical experiment with the TEAM Problem 22.


: Dynamics of reactions in the main components of the exocrine part of the rat pancreas (capillary, nerve, pancreocyte) was subjected to ultrastructural analysis at bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy within 24 hours--30 days. It was stated that certain ultrastructural shifts developed in all the components mentioned above; at first they are within the limits of physiological parameters (the first three days), and then destructive processes occur (up to destruction of a part of cells) reaching their maximum by the end of the first--beginning of the second week and having a focal character. Then compensatory-recovery rearrangements begin to predominate, and by the 30th day they result in a considerable but not yet complete normalization of the ultrastructural organization of the gland. Three stages (phases) can be mentioned in the development of the neurodistrophic process: the first--stress reaction of the organ and the whole organism to the operation; the second--predominance of destructive changes; the third--development of compensatory-adaptive processes. Possible mechanisms of the rearrangements occurring are discussed.


RATIONALE
Computerized severity assessment for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), could improve consistency and reduce clinician burden.

OBJECTIVES
Develop and compare 30-day mortality prediction models using electronic health record data including a computerized Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) versus models with additional variables.

METHODS
Among adults presenting to Emergency Departments (EDs) at 117 VA Medical Centers EDs between 1/1/2006-12/31/2016 with CAP, we compared a computerized score with all variables from the PSI except confusion and pleural effusion ("ePSI score") to 10 novel models employing logistic regression, spline, and machine learning (ml) methods using PSI variables (PSI), age, sex and 26 physiologic variables (PSI-28), and all 69 variables (PSI-69). Models were trained using encounters before 1/1/2015, tested on encounters during and after 1/1/2015, and compared using area under receiver operator curve-confidence intervals and patient event rates at a threshold PSI score of ≤70.

RESULTS
Among 297,498 encounters, 7% died in 30 days. Compared to ePSI score (AUROC-CI=0.77-0.78), performance increased with model complexity (logPSI=0.79-0.80, mlPSI=0.83-0.85) and number of variables (logPSI-69=0.84-085, mlPSI-69=0.86-0.87). Models limited to age, sex and physiologic variables also demonstrated high performance (mlPSI-28=0.84-0.85). At an ePSI of ≤70 and mortality risk cut-off of <2.7%, the ePSI score identified 31%, mlPSI-28 53%, and mlPSI-69 56% of all patients as "low risk", with similar rates of mortality, hospitalization, and 7-day secondary hospitalization.

CONCLUSIONS
Computerized versions of the PSI accurately identified pneumonia patients at low risk of death. More complex models classified more patients at low risk of death with similar adverse outcomes.


Degradation of the natural environment is presently attracting significant attention among the Information Systems (IS) academic community. Consequently, the subject of sustainability continues to gain a foothold in the mainstream of IS research. However, as the body of research grows, the exact meaning of sustainability is increasingly becoming a source of uncertainty. The absence of a clear definition of sustainability in the IS domain poses a challenge for operationalizing the concept and limits the methodological viability of research in the field. By means of a systematic literature review, this paper identifies problems related to diverging or even a complete absence of sustainability definitions in the relevant IS literature. The results reveal what constitutes a sound definition of sustainability as a characteristic of a stakeholder activity and a new perspective for Information Systems research on sustainability, in which an activity becomes a quantum of sustainability analysis. The paper discusses the broader implications for further research.


Purpose
The purpose of this study is to create a knowledge base for decision-making in healthcare design by seeking, analyzing and discussing the preferences of facility managers of healthcare facilities regarding floor finishes and their selection criteria. The goal is to enable a simplified and holistic selection of floor finishes based on multiple criteria. The authors studied floor finish selection in three healthcare units: emergency, surgery and in-patient units.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors completed a literature review to identify types of floor finishes currently used in healthcare facilities and the criteria applied for their selection. Using the literature survey results, a questionnaire was designed and administered to healthcare facility managers. The descriptive statistical analysis and the Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests were used for reporting and analyzing the survey data.

Findings
The top five floor finishes used in the healthcare sector were identified as vinyl flooring, vinyl composite tile (VCT), rubber, linoleum and ceramic flooring. The top five selection criteria for floor finishes were durability, infection control, ease of maintenance, maintenance cost and user safety. The non-parametric test results show that the floor finish rankings and selection criteria were similar in the three healthcare units under study.

Originality/value
The most significant contribution of this research is to the design decision-making process of healthcare facilities. These results offer an understanding of what floor finishes are preferred by healthcare facility managers and why. This knowledge is crucial for designers and facility managers to make informed choices and floor finish manufacturers to keep their product line relevant to the industry.


EXTENDED ABSTRACT WorkBased on research at the New Teacher Center, University of California, and the mentoring work of Lipton and Wellman, this poster displays my preliminary investigation results of intrinsically motivated activities and associated synchronicities that help teachers achieve their highest potential in professional practice.  The process is a collaborative, reflective inquiry between teacher and coach that develops transformative learning using Carl Jung's "synchronicity" and other factors in the creation of goal rubrics and action plans for professional growth. My investigation research participants consist of five teachers and factors of intrinsically motivated activities/goals, "a-ha" moments and associated synchronicity in the development of their potential as educators.  Collaborative Inquiry Tools include the following: Clarifying/Rephrasing/Paraphrasing to increase understanding/reinforce relationship between participants. Inquiring to invite construction of new connections and meaning. Probing to increase precision/encourage thinking Extending to explore resources/information Concluding to develop/implement goal action plans Using phenomenological analysis of transcribed inquires, the following themes have emerged thus far: Teachers use their passions, likings and student excitement in the choice of interest areas that they incorporate into professional practice goals to maximally engage students in meaningful learning. The co-inquiry, reflective process provides awareness and targeting of teachers' specific needs and interests that keep them excited and committed to teaching. The collaborative process results in many planning opportunities via synchronistic connections & "a-ha" moments that produce motivated, clear, achievable action plans and goals, specifically in areas of spatial structure, project learning, organization structure, authentic assessment, and growth mindset on the part of these research participants.    Results, then, from this initial data analysis indicate that intrinsically motivating areas of the classroom can result in "a-ha" moments of inspiration for teachers. Such moments can often be linked to unconscious/conscious synchronicity that occurs prior to, during and after these moments. Using tools that collaboratively focus attention and reflection on this linkage results in trackable, connective data points and insights which when synthesized into action plans and goals transform learning in the psyche and classroom. , LLC.


Research engaging children and adolescents living with HIV (CALWH) is critical for youth-friendly services and HIV care, and researchers need to ensure that such engagement is ethical. We conducted a systematic review to identify key ethical considerations for the engagement of CALWH in research. The review focused on primary research articles conducted in African countries that examined ethical issues in CALWH engaged in research. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria; the following seven key domains were extracted: 1) justifications for engaging CALWH in research; 2) community involvement; 3) informed consent/assent; 4) caregiver involvement; 5) perceptions of benefits; 6) perception of the risks of involvement; and 7) confidentiality. These domains can inform the ethical engagement of CALWH in research.


Gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction is a common complication of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP). In previous reports, a decreased content of small and large intestinal endocrine cells has been found in patients with FAP and it has been suggested that this may contribute to the development of GI disturbances. The aim of the present study was to investigate the endocrine cell content in the stomach and duodenum of FAP patients, and to correlate the findings with gastric emptying. Fifteen patients with FAP were included in the study. Twenty-eight subjects with macroscopically and histologically normal mucosa were used as controls for endocrine cell contents and 14 healthy subjects for gastric scintigraphy. The endocrine cells were identified by immunohistochemistry and quantified with image analysis. Gastric emptying time was detected by scintigraphy and endoscopy. The number of chromogranin A-immunoreactive (IR) cells was reduced in all investigated parts of the GI tract except bulbus duodeni. Gastrin/CCK cell content was reduced in duodenum, but tended to be increased in antrum of the stomach (P = 0.07). Otherwise, the content of all other endocrine cells types in the upper GI tract was reduced compared with controls. A correlation with malnutrition was found for gastric inhibitory polypeptide and secretin cell content in bulbus duodeni. Gastric scintigraphy disclosed delayed gastric emptying of solid food, but the finding was not correlated to the decreased content of neuroendocrine cells. The severity of endocrine cell depletion was not correlated to duration of GI disturbances. The present study showed that the endocrine cells of the stomach are affected in FAP patients and that the abnormalities in the upper GI endocrine cells occur early during the course of the disease.


This paper addresses the problems pertinent to the improvement of the efficacy of restoration of the vertebral column motor function based on the implementation of a comprehensive therapeutic program including massage, thermal procedures, and physical exercises. The program was realized in three phases, viz. preparatory, basic, and consolidating. The results of integral estimation of the whole body and vertebral column condition were taken into consideration. The experiment lasted 6 months and confirmed high efficiency of the comprehensive program.


Ultrafiltration combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UF-LC-MS) is an efficient affinity-based method to screen potential ligands of biomacromolecules from natural sources. In order to investigate the effects of constituents from Pueraria labta Ohwi on tyrosinase, a UF-LC-MS method for screening tyrosinase ligands was established. Seven constituents were screened as tyrosinase ligands with high affinity and their structures were elucidated as isoflavones and isoflavone glycosides by mass spectrum analysis, among which puerarin exhibited much stronger inhibitory activity in vitro than arbutin against tyrosinase. An in silico docking study indicates that the interaction between puerarin and tyrosinase mainly derived from hydrogen bonds and π–cation interaction.


Background: Polymorphisms in the gene encoding the vitamin D receptor (VDR) affect the protective role of vitamin D against many types of cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of four major polymorphisms of the VDR gene (ApaI, TaqI, BsmI and FokI) on the risk of CRC in a Saudi population. Materials and Methods: This case–control study recruited 132 CRC patients from the oncology clinics at King Abdulaziz University Hospital and 124 healthy controls from the blood bank at King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between September 2017 and August 2018. All participants were Saudis and aged 20–80 years. Genomic DNA samples were extracted from the peripheral blood cells and amplified with polymerase chain reaction. The resulting fragments were digested with different endonucleases to reveal the genotypes using the restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. The genotype distribution and allele frequency, odds ratio (OR), risk ratio (RR) and P values were determined with contingency table analysis following Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium equation. Results: For the ApaI single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs7975232), only the heterozygous (Aa) genotype increased the risk of CRC (OR = 3.4, RR = 2.3, and P < 0.0001), whereas the TaqI SNP (rs731236) carriers with either the heterozygous (Tt) or homozygous (tt) genotype displayed an increased risk for the disease (OR = 6.18, RR = 4, P < 0.0001; OR = 3, RR = 2.4, P = 0.02, respectively). In contrast, heterozygous (Bb) and homozygous (bb) carriers of the BsmI SNP (rs1544410) had significantly lower risk for CRC (P < 0.0001). Finally, for the FokI SNP (rs2228570), there was no association with CRC risk. Conclusion: This study found that VDR SNPs ApaI and TaqI increase the risk of CRC, whereas BsmI reduces the risk of CRC in the selected Saudi population. Therefore, ApaI and TaqI SNPs could potentially be used as a diagnostic biomarker for CRC. However, the molecular mechanisms by which these variants increase or decrease the risk of CRC need to be investigated.


Because the chemolithotrophic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria are an integral component of nitrogen biogeochemistry, a sensitive and accurate method to detect this ecologically important group of microorganisms is needed. The amoA gene of these organisms encodes the active site of ammonia monooxygenase, an enzyme unique to this group of nitrifying bacteria. We report here the use of the PCR technique to detect the amoA gene from pure cultures of chemolithotrophic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria, ammonium oxidizers introduced into filtered seawater, and the natural bacterial population of an unfiltered seawater sample. Oligonucleotide primers, based on the published amoA sequence from Nitrosomonas europaea, were used to amplify DNA from pure cultures of Nitrosomonas europaea, Nitrosomonas cryotolerans, and Nitrosococcus oceanus and from bacteria in seawater collected offshore near the Florida Keys. Partial sequencing of the amplification products verified that they were amoA. These primers, used in conjunction with a radiolabeled amoA gene probe from Nitrosomonas europaea, could detect Nitrosococcus oceanus inoculated into filter-sterilized seawater at 10(4) cells liter-1. Native marine bacteria containing amoA could also be detected at their naturally occurring titer in oligotrophic seawater. Amplification of the gene for ammonia monooxygenase may provide a method to estimate the distribution and relative abundance of chemolithotrophic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in the environment.


The 16S ribosomal DNA based distinction between the bacterial and archaeal domains of life is strongly supported by the membrane lipid composition of the two domains; Bacteria generally contain dialkyl glycerol diester lipids, whereas Archaea produce isoprenoid dialkyl glycerol diether and membrane-spanning glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) lipids. Here we show that a new group of ecologically abundant membrane-spanning GDGT lipids, containing branched instead of isoprenoid carbon skeletons, are of a bacterial origin. This was revealed by examining the stereochemistry of the glycerol moieties of those branched tetraether membrane lipids, which was found to be the bacterial 1,2-di-O-alkyl-sn-glycerol stereoconfiguration and not the 2,3-di-O-alkyl-sn-glycerol stereoconfiguration as in archaeal membrane lipids. In addition, unequivocal evidence for the presence of cyclopentyl moieties in these bacterial membrane lipids was obtained by NMR. The biochemical traits of biosynthesis of tetraether membrane lipids and the formation of cyclopentyl moieties through internal cyclization, which were thought to be specific for the archaeal lineage of descent, thus also occur in the bacterial domain of life.


In according to the Regulation (EC) No 714/2009 ENTSO-E and the TSO Community strive for a secure, resilient, flexible, adequate and well interconnected pan-European power system, and they are acting unanimously to develop the most suitable responses to the challenges of the energy transition and digital transformation. The publishing of Summer and Winter Outlook, twice per year, and of the annual Mid-term Adequacy Forecast (MAF) report provides a comprehensive information to the Member States in terms of hourly probabilistic assessment of reliability standards, e.g. Loss Of Load Expectations (LOLE), Expected Energy Not Supplied (EENS). With a time horizon between mid-term resource adequacy assessments (1 to 10 years ahead) and short term resource adequacy assessments (week ahead to intraday), the seasonal outlook aims to bridge them. Since the degree of uncertainty decreases in the shorter time horizons, seasonal outlooks can improve the quality of adequacy assessment for the upcoming months compared to yearly assessments. However seasonal outlook degree of uncertainty is quite high, as for instance temperatures, wind and PV cannot be precisely forecasted in this time horizon. Hence, a probabilistic methodology is needed in order to improve seasonal outlook reliability, starting from general approaches already applied for mid-term adequacy assessments. This paper highlights potentiality and challenges of adopting a probabilistic approach in the seasonal outlook process, especially focusing on the use case of Italy.


The system of global governance is under serious challenge. Some scholars and practitioners have suggested that the time has come for the establishment of new multilateral forums that reflect 21st century realities. One option attracting increased attention is to create a summit of the leaders of 20 nations (L20), an institution that draws its inspiration from both the current G7/8 leaders' meetings and the G20 finance ministers' meetings. This book explores whether the creation of an L20 is a feasible possibility. It offers thematic and geographic arguments in favor of the L20, with a particular emphasis on the larger role that it could play in bringing about reform of the global economic and financial systems. The book concludes with a discussion of the changing nature of relationships in a globalized world, and makes a case for why an L20 would be a worthwhile addition to the international architecture.


BACKGROUND
The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) as a dilutional hyponatremia is due to a pathological increase of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). It is characterized by hyponatremia and decreased serum osmolarity as well as an increase in urinary osmolarity. The most common etiological factors of this syndrome include diseases or trauma of the central nervous system and malignant tumor or inflammation of the lung. SIADH following abdominal surgery is rare.

METHODS
We report the case of a 68-year-old woman who developed, 24 hours after common bile duct exploration and stone removal, continuous hyponatremia for 20 days and clinical manifestations of nausea, vomiting, and lethargy without focal neurological signs.

RESULT
Laboratory examinations supported the diagnosis of SIADH. After therapy with fluid restriction, the patient recovered.

CONCLUSION
There are diverse causes for SIADH. It is important to have kept this clinical possibility in mind in the differential diagnosis of refractory hyponatremia under any circumstances.


Social assistance and unemployment assistance, which provide means tested income support (social welfare) without pre-specified time limits, are viewed as one important reason for the persistently high level of unemployment in Germany by many economists. In order to increase work incentives and, at the same time, reduce social expenditures there have been various proposals to reform social welfare in the recent German policy debate. We analyse a specific reform proposal with the following components: (i) an integration of unemployment assistance and social assistance; (ii) a substantial reduction of the social assistance level for ?employable? persons who choose not to work; (iii) improved incentives to take up work by a combination of a reduction of the social assistance withdrawal rate and an earnings-related tax credit. The expected employment and fiscal effects of this welfare reform proposal are simulated on the basis of an econometrically estimated partialequilibrium labour supply/demand model embedded in a detailed tax-benefit microsimulation model. We find that the reductions in net social expenditures may be substantial, although the expected labour supply and employment effects of this reform are much smaller than is typically assumed by contributors to recent discussions on the potential labour market effects of welfare reforms in Germany. Furthermore, these employment gains come at the cost of a substantial expansion of public-works jobs.


We consider the problem of identifying multiway block structure from a large noisy tensor. Such problems arise frequently in applications such as genomics, recommendation system, topic modeling, and sensor network localization. We propose a tensor block model, develop a unified least-square estimation, and obtain the theoretical accuracy guarantees for multiway clustering. The statistical convergence of the estimator is established, and we show that the associated clustering procedure achieves partition consistency. A sparse regularization is further developed for identifying important blocks with elevated means. The proposal handles a broad range of data types, including binary, continuous, and hybrid observations. Through simulation and application to two real datasets, we demonstrate the outperformance of our approach over previous methods.


although Lower Limb Robotic Rehabilitation device exhibit a great prospect in the rehabilitation of impaired limb, yet it has not been widely applied to clinical rehabilitation. This is mostly due to the insufficient bidirectional information interaction between exoskeleton and patient. In the shared control at the interaction point, it is very important that the deficiency of impaired lower limb in sharing the knee joint dynamics (Capturing of the intended action of the patient) is extracted beforehand to estimate as to how much assistance the robotic exoskeleton would provide. The intended action data that can be extracted from EMG signal may include the intended posture, intended torque, intended knee joint angle, intended knee joint torque and impedance parameter. In this paper, an application of Adaptive Network Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) has been proposed for proprioceptive feedback on the status of the interaction force at the patient robotic exoskeleton interaction point. ANFIS has been used to model the relationship between input and output. Interaction forces, rate of change in surface electromyography (EMG) signal are two inputs to ANFIS model and impedance parameters damping coefficients (also stiffness) is output. Impedance control law has damping as one of the tuning parameter. The resultant total torque is calculated from this law. The proposed model is able to estimate damping and demonstrate decent accuracy in modulating the knee joint dynamics to minimize the interaction force at the Patient Exoskeleton interaction point.


The purpose of this article is to examine the process of informed consent as it relates to the practice of psychology and as a part of Human relations Standards (3.10) of the American Psychological Association Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. Before a psychologist provides any type of psychological service to a client/patient, whether it involves conducting research, administering a test or assessment/ therapy, counseling, clinical supervision, or providing consulting services, he or she must ensure that informed consent is obtained (oral, written, or other methods). This information must be delivered using language that is reasonably understandable to a competent individual. The term reasonably understandable describes the level of complexity and completeness that is required of psychologist when obtaining informed consent. The process of informed consent implies that a patient/client is made fully aware of the purpose as to why a service is being provided, the intended use of the information, and the benefits and risks associated with the process, involvement of any third parties, and limits and risks of confidentiality. It is recognized as a decision-making process where a psychologist communicates sufficient information to a potential client/patient so that he or she is able to make a well-informed decision as to whether they will participate in the professional relationship. If any information is taken during the session whether it is written, video, or audio, the client/patient is to be made aware of how this information will be used, if it will be released or disclosed to others a formal writing is to be provided indicating who these individuals will be. While the informed consent process is recognized as an important aspect for any psychologist to cover when it involves providing any type of service to a client this can often times be neglected which places the psychologists in jeopardy for lawsuits or loss of licensure. The informed consent process, is just that, a process, and not a single event not only protects the privacy rights of the client/patient but safeguards the psychologist from being liable in the case that a client/patient reports they were not adequately informed about a psychological service.


The non-Saccharomyces yeast Torulaspora delbrueckii contributes positively to the sensory properties of wines by affecting aroma and flavour due to changes in alcohols, esters, fatty acids and lactone levels.  One of the less-studied aspects of T. delbrueckii is its effect on phenolic compounds relating to sensory attributes. An HPLC-DAD technique was used for the quantification of phenolic compounds in Chenin blanc wines made with S. cerevisiae and two T. delbrueckii yeasts over three vintages. Chemical and sensory data were subjected to ANOVA and PCA. VIN13, M2/1 and VIN13+M2/1 had a positive effect on the phenolic compound concentrations of Chenin blanc wines. Mouthfeel was highest in VIN13+654 wines and astringency highest in VIN13 wines. An association was evident between flavanols, astringency and mouthfeel for the VIN13, M2/1 and VIN13+M2/1 wines. Chenin blanc wines made with M2/1 and VIN13+M2/1 may result in increased phenolic compound concentrations and astringency, whereas 654 and VIN13+654 may result in wines with increased mouthfeel properties.


In 1986, the American Soybean Association filed a Section 301 petition under the Trade Act of 1974, alleging that European Community oilseed subsidies nullified and impaired benefits of previous trade concessions, specifically the tariff binding of 1962. Two bilateral trade agreements were negotiated to remedy the dispute, the Blair House Agreement and the Memorandum of Understanding on Oilseeds. The impacts of these trade agreements were simulated using a three region trade model. Results indicated that neither supply constraints nor penalties for overproduction will contribute to a recovery of U.S. soybean exports to the EC.


Cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of complex multicellular organisms. Conventional methods which involve average analysis of cells in bulk populations can undermine physiologically significant cell populations, whereas analysis of cells at a single cell level may reveal unique biomarkers and other mechanisms that govern the genotype and phenotype in various physiological processes in presumed homogenous cell populations. Cellular abnormalities such as irregularities in cellular mechanisms have been linked to human aging and other major diseases including neurodegenerative, vascular, autoimmune, and cancer. Aging is a functional decline associated with various diseases in an organism, majorly arising from cellular abnormalities. Single cell analysis (SCA) which involves isolation and study of single cell proteomics, genomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics which enables research of cellular abnormalities with a molecular resolution, is gaining recognition in the research of human aging and disease. The advances in SCA are producing breakthrough information about cellular heterogeneity, disease progression, cellular microenvironment and its interactions, early diagnostics, improving precision medicine through high throughput drug screening and discovery of novel biomarkers; combinedly, these advances exhibit the potential of SCA to study of human aging and disease. Primarily, we review the role of SCA in understanding cellular mechanisms involved in aging and other major diseases including neurological, vascular, autoimmunity and cancer. Secondly, we also include review of SCA role in studying cell adhesion mechanisms which are involved in tissue development and maintenance and disease progression. Finally, SCA potential to empower precision medicine and its overall challenges along with future directions are discussed.


Hodgkin's disease (HD) has variable clinical and pathologic features in different geographic regions. The reasons behind this are not completely clear. We reviewed 81 cases of adult HD who presented to the Adult Oncology Unit of the King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between 1975 and 1982. Fifty-seven (70.4%) were males and 24 (29.6%) were females with median ages of 29.9 and 23 years, respectively. The male:female ratio was 2.38:1. Two distinct age peaks at 18 and 48 years were seen in both sexes, with bimodality being more striking in females. The most common histologic subtype encountered was mixed cellularity (59.3%). Most of the patients (67.9%) were either Stage III or Stage IV at the time of diagnosis. These patterns differ significantly from those seen in reported Western series, but are similar to those reported from other areas in the Middle East.


This paper investigates the structure of progressives and nominalizations in Chuj, an understudied Mayan language of Guatemala. Like many other Mayan languages, Chuj shows aspect-based split ergativity: the otherwise ergative head-marking pattern in the language disappears in the progressive aspect. In other Mayan languages—for example Ch'ol (Coon 2010; 2013) and Yucatec (Bricker 1981)—the appearance of a non-ergative pattern in the progressive has been attributed to nominalization. In Chuj, however, there is no clear morphological reflex of nominalization, as is found in other languages in the family. Using data from negation, particle placement, and agreement, we argue that Chuj progressives nonetheless involve an aspectual matrix predicate and a nominalized embedded verb. This provides a clear structural explanation for the split pattern. Finally, we distinguish different types of nominalizations in Chuj: those which are nominalized directly from a root, and those which are nominalized above verbal projections.


The textual variants in Markan passages depicting the anger of Jesus coupled with Matthaean and Lukan amendments to and omissions from them, suggest that discomfort at the thought of Jesus' anger is no merely modern phenomenon. Nevertheless its possibility still strikes some as bizarre and some as impossible. However, in this thesis I argue that, far from being extraneous or peripheral. Jesus' anger is integral to Mark's presentation of the gospel First, it illustrates Mark's claim that Jesus was the son of God. Many of the themes associated with God's anger in the Old Testament are discernible also in Mark's Gospel. Furthermore, in Mark Jesus alone expresses 6prn . and, while the indignations of others are invariably condemned, Jesus' expressions of anger are always cast in a positive and even divine light. Secondly the anger of Jesus highlights the importance of the various issues which were the subject of intense debate between Christians and Jews, within Judaism itself and among his own followers. The status of the law, the nature and purpose of miracles, the meaning of suffering, the roles of children, outsiders and Gentiles are all very much to the fore in the Markan pericopae which depict Jesus' anger. His anger proclaims their seriousness and the urgency with which they should be tackled The notion of Jesus' anger involves, inevitably, some recognition of the mystery surrounding his character and his relationship with God However, one of Mark's main points seems to be that Jesus is an enigma only to the hard of heart and the blind in perception. In the six Markan passages, which are the subject of this thesis, Jesus lays down clear principles for faith, action and discipline. His anger underlines their importance and his own authority.


Copper and Iron-based catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton electrolyte membrane (PEM) and anion electrolyte membrane (AEM) fuel cells have not outperformed platinum catalysts. The objective of this investigation is to determine the synthesis parameters to achieve optimal catalytic activity for pyrolyzed Cu and Fe carbon-supported catalysts for the ORR at the cathode in low temperature fuel cells. We synthesized catalysts by mixing the metal salt, nitrogen source, and carbon black support using a mortar and pestle, followed by pyrolysis under nitrogen gas. The metal salts used were: acetates, sulfates, and nitrates.  Three different nitrogen rich sources were also studied and we found that only one nitrogen source contributed significantly to the electrochemical activity. After pyrolysis, an improvement in the catalytic activity was observed, however depending on the metal salt combination and metal content, as well as on the electrolyte used during the experiment, the ideal heat treatment temperature for each catalyst combination was different. The electrochemical activity was measured using the rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) experiment in 0.1 M H 2 SO 4 and 0.1M KOH electrolytes to mimic the acidic and alkaline environments of PEM and AEM fuel cells. The best catalyst overall was the optimized 5 w.t% metal content FeSO 4 carbon-supported catalyst heat-treated at 900°C. Fuel cell performance was measured for this catalyst at the cathode in both PEM and AEM fuel cells. A typical AEM fuel cell performance for NPGM catalysts was achieved for the FeSO 4 catalyst making it a good candidate for AEMFC applications.


Accumulating experimental and clinical evidence indicates that a time for reappraisal of therapeutic modalities designed to inhibit the eicosanoid pathway as it may affect vascular disease may be approaching. Pharmacologic agents originally used were chosen because they were capable of suppressing platelet functions such as aggregation, release, and adhesion. The goals of clinical trials were to evaluate medications that would prevent or reduce platelet accumulation in critically located blood vessels of the heart, brain, and extremities and on vascular prostheses. Evaluation of results of therapeutic trials has been difficult and this is superimposed on less-than-complete knowledge of the basic pharmacology of the drugs that have been used. Participation of neutrophils and possibly macrophages in the thrombotic process is now well recognized on morphologic grounds. Because different cell types such as platelets, neutrophils, and endothelial cells have been shown to interact biochemically by sharing precursors and intermediates of the eicosanoid pathway, the pharmacologic approach to inhibition of vascular disease may require reevaluation. Neutrophils appear to lack a cyclooxygenase pathway but serve as a source of the lipoxygenase product leukotriene B4 (LTB4). Actions of LTB4 include neutrophil aggregation, adhesion of neutrophils to endothelial cells, chemotaxis, chemokinesis, and plasma exudation. We have demonstrated in vitro that released free arachidonic acid from aspirin-treated platelets can serve as a source of neutrophil LTB4. Leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4 are agonists for various functions of vascular endothelium and smooth muscle. Most pharmacologic agents used in the treatment of vascular diseases inhibit the cyclooxygenase pathway.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most frequent vectorborne disease in the Northern Hemisphere. It is a complex bacterial zoonosis involving vertebrate hosts and hard ticks of the genus Ixodes. The causative agents, bacteria of the LB group of spirochaetes, form a species complex comprising 17 named species. As is the case for most microbial pathogens, epidemiological and ecological studies require appropriate genotyping. Although the use of single loci may provide rapid results, there are serious disadvantages, in particular when inferring evolutionary relationships or geographic population structure. A novel multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) system of the LB group spirochaetes has been developed based on housekeeping genes to overcome these problems. Here, the system is optimized and tested using extracted spirochaetal DNA directly from ticks and then utilized to obtain insights into the migration and spread of individual species as well as to investigate the evolutionary origins of the species complex. Species belonging to the LB group of spirochetes display different patterns and levels of host specialisation which makes this an ideal system to study the impact of host associations on spread of zoonotic tickborne diseases. For example, Borrelia valaisiana and B. garinii are transmitted exclusively by birds while B. afzelii is transmitted by rodents. I demonstrate that the migration of the LB species is dependent on, and limited by, the migration of their respective hosts. I also show the presence of B. afzelii strains in England and, through the use of the MLSA scheme, demonstrate that the strains are highly structured. A close evolutionary relationship between B. afzelii and its rodent host species is shown. Furthermore, through phylogenetic analyses, some evidence of a coevolutionary relationship between the LB group species and their major group of vector species, the Ixodes persulcatus species complex, is presented and a Eurasian origin for the species group is suggested.


UNLABELLED
Permanent auriculo-ventricular junctional reciprocating tachycardia is a special form of tachycardia usually incessant, secondary to an slow retrograde conduction pathway.

OBJECTIVE
To establish the clinical, electrophysiological characteristics and therapy results in patients with this diagnosis.

METHOD
Descriptive study.

RESULTS
Nine patients with average age 28.1 +/- 19.2 years, six women. Seven patients presented with dyspnea or palpitations. The left ventricular ejection fraction before treatment was 43.3 +/- 19.5%. The electrocardiographic findings were: heart rate of 139.2 +/- 16.7 bpm, QRS 78.9 +/- 16.2 ms and RP'/P'R relation of 1.8 +/- 0.5. The location of the accessory pathways was: right postero-septal in seven (77.7%), left lateral in one (11.15%) and left postero-lateral in one (11.15%). Radiofrequency ablation was performed in eight patients with an 87.5% success rate, two cases were taken to surgery with successful treatment, one of them after percutaneous ablation failure. Those with systolic left ventricular dysfunction recover their function in the follow-up. Any case has recurred.

CONCLUSIONS
In our center, permanent auriculo-ventricular junctional reciprocating tachycardia is an infrequent arrhythmia, predominantly in women and associated with reversible left ventricular dysfunction. Right postero-septal was the most frequent localization of the pathway. Radiofrequency ablation was performed successfully in 87.5% of cases.


Aerodynamique Experimental (Volume 2). P. Rebuffet. Dunod, Paris. 1966. 554 pp. Illustrations. 115 jr. In French. This book is a sequel to the first volume which was first published in 1945 (second edition re-edited in 1962). It is based on a course given to students in their second and third years at the Ecole Nationale Superieure de l'Aeronautique by M. Rebuffet, who is the Assistant Director of Aerodynamics at ONERA. A better title would be "Recent Developments in the Aerodynamics of Aircraft and Missiles". Thus much of the normal information on wind tunnel testing is not included here, and must be looked for in volume one. The book does not confine itself to experimental methods, but gives quite a lot of fundamental theory of transonic, supersonic and hypersonic flow, together with a number of experimental results (mainly French and AGARD). On the other hand, the book does not delve as deeply into experimental techniques as might be presupposed from its title (for example, there is hardly any mention of flight testing and tests with dynamic models). Chapter 1 is a brief chapter on generalities, including properties of the atmosphere and fundamental equations of compressible flow. There are accompanying graphs dealing with properties of the atmosphere at high altitudes and properties of plane and conical shock waves. Chapter 2 deals with methods of aerodynamic testing at transonic speeds and above, together with the associated experimental apparatus. The twenty pages on transonic tunnels give a good summary of developments in French aeronautics on slotted wall techniques, together with a number of experimental results. Shock tubes and hot-shot tunnels are dealt with briefly. The chapter ends with a very welcome discussion on wind tunnel balances. Supersonic flow past bodies of revolution is next discussed descriptively with no theory but with a few graphs (drawn with Y = 1-405). Some references to the work dealt with on this subject in later chapters would have been very helpful to the reader. The text of chapter 4 on boundary layers was written by M. Michel of ENS A. There is a very brief theoretical introduction and then we are on to 40 pages devoted to thermal effects. These are well explained both from the theoretical and the experimental points of view, and simple formulae are given where possible. Transition at supersonic speeds is fully discussed. The succeeding chapter gives a descriptive treatment of two-dimensional transonic flow past aerofoils, with some theory related to the use of similarity laws. Far more results would have been welcome here, together with references to British and American work. Chapter 6 deals with three-dimensional flow past wings at subsonic, transonic and supersonic speeds. One reader would have liked these three sections dealt with separately; the present treatment means that transonic results are scattered throughout various chapters of the book. The use of the electric analogue method of analysing potential flow is discussed and there is a good treatment of vortex flow on arrow wings. Transonic and supersonic flow past aircraft and missiles is discussed fully in chapter 7. Low speed problems of the production of lift by suction and blowing are well set out, and it is interesting to see some of the French results on boundary layer control. Chapter 8 covers internal aerodynamics, and the book ends with a brief, but very good, physical description of hypersonic flow. This volume should be useful for students and for those who want to know something of the latest developments in aerodynamics. In general, no deep theoretical treatment is given but the material is presented in a manner that invites further exploration of the many topics discussed. The price (£8 10s Od) is in line with the high price of French books in general.—A. W. BABISTER.


Objective To assess the relationship between exercise-induced parameters obtained from the routine exercise stress testing (EST) and flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) as an index of endothelial function. Design A retrospective study. Setting Kurume University Medical Center, Kurume, Japan. Patients All patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) who were admitted to Kurume University Medical Center. Main outcome measure Results of EST and FMD. Results We studied 66 patients (35 male/31 female) with CAD. All patients underwent symptom-limited EST and measurement of FMD. Exercise parameters included exercise-induced heart rate and systolic blood pressure (SBP). FMD did not differ between male and female groups. In univariate analysis, determinants of FMD included age and the change in SBP at 1 min after exercise. In Cox hazard model analysis, the change in SBP at 1 min after exercise (p=0.011) was an independent determinant of FMD. FMD in patients with abnormal SBP response group was significantly lower than that in normal SBP response group (4.2±1.8 ns. 6.1±2.6%, p<0.05). Conclusions These findings suggest that SBP during recovery from exercise is associated with endothelial function in patients with CAD.


Macroscopic charcoal particles, magnetic susceptibility and AMS C14 dates were performed on a sediment sequence from a small subalpine lake (Buhaescu Mare), Rodnei Mts. in order to reconstruct fire regimes in the area.  Specifically we aim to distinguish between natural fire activity and human driven fires. Buhaescu Mare lake, also known as Rebra lake (0.4 ha; 1920 m a.s.l.,) is today surrounded by mire vegetation, Ericaceae, Carex and Pinus mugo patches further away, being situated just above the current tree line. The sedimentary profile, with a total length of 98 cm is composed of clayey silt (98-80 cm) and gyttja (80-0 cm). Magnetic susceptibility was used to support the charcoal results, this parameter being expected to rise during episodes of intense fire and subsequent erosive events. The results from the charcoal record indicate periods of high charcoal activity at about 4200 cal. BP, 3000 cal. BP, 2700 cal BP, 2000 cal BP and 1350 cal BP. and point to a succession of warm/dry and cold/wet periods. The increase in charcoal particles over the last 2000 years was probably related to human impact, but this remains to be documented through the analysis of pollen and coprophilous fungi record.


Despite surprising performance on zero-shot transfer, pre-training a large-scale multimodal model is often prohibitive as it requires a huge amount of data and computing resources. In this paper, we propose a method (BeamCLIP) that can effectively transfer the representations of a large pre-trained multimodal model (CLIP-ViT) into a small target model (e.g., ResNet-18). For unsupervised transfer, we introduce cross-modal similarity matching (CSM) that enables a student model to learn the representations of a teacher model by matching the relative similarity distribution across text prompt embeddings. To better encode the text prompts, we design context-based prompt augmentation (CPA) that can alleviate the lexical ambiguity of input text prompts. Our experiments show that unsupervised representation transfer of a pre-trained vision-language model enables a small ResNet-18 to achieve a better ImageNet-1K top-1 linear probe accuracy (66.2%) than vision-only self-supervised learning (SSL) methods (e.g., SimCLR: 51.8%, SwAV: 63.7%), while closing the gap with supervised learning (69.8%).


The cerebrum or brain is the front most part of the central nervous system. The area of tumours in the cerebrum is one of the components that decide how a brain tumour impacts an individual's working furthermore, what side effects the tumour causes. Alongside the Spinal rope, it frames the Central Nervous System (CNS). Brain tumour is an unusual development created by cells replicating themselves in an uncontrolled way. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the generally utilized gadget for finding. In MR pictures, the measure of information is a lot for manual understanding and examination. Amid recent years, brain tumour segmentation in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has turned into a rising exploration area in the field of medical imaging system. Exact discovery of size and area of cerebrum tumour assumes an imperative part in the conclusion of tumour. In this paper we have done a comparative study of various computer based brain tumour detection method. This paper also discusses the limitation and strength of various algorithms proposed by researchers time to time in this area of medical imaging.


The DAEDALUS mission concept aims at exploring and characterising the entrance and initial part of Lunar lava tubes within a compact, tightly integrated spherical robotic device, with a complementary payload set and autonomous capabilities.
The mission concept addresses specifically the identification and characterisation of potential resources for future ESA exploration, the local environment of the subsurface and its geologic and compositional structure.

A sphere is ideally suited to protect sensors and scientific equipment in rough, uneven environments.
It will house laser scanners, cameras and ancillary payloads.
The sphere will be lowered into the skylight and will explore the entrance shaft, associated caverns and conduits. Lidar (light detection and ranging) systems produce 3D models with high spatial accuracy independent of lighting conditions and visible features.
Hence this will be the primary exploration toolset within the sphere.

The additional payload that can be accommodated in the robotic sphere consists of camera systems with panoramic lenses and scanners such as multi-wavelength or single-photon scanners.
A moving mass will trigger movements.

The tether for lowering the sphere will be used for data communication and powering the equipment during the descending phase.
Furthermore, the connector tether-sphere will host a WIFI access point, such that data of the conduit can be transferred to the surface relay station. During the exploration phase, the robot will be disconnected from the cable, and will use wireless communication.
Emergency autonomy software will ensure that in case of loss of communication, the robot will continue the nominal mission.


UNLABELLED
In this work we compared 2 official methods for the determination of HMF in honey, the spectrophotometric White method and the HPLC method (International Honey Commission) for the determination of HMF in unifloral honey and honeydew samples with a very low HMF content (<4 mg/kg), which is the most critical determination in terms of accuracy and precision of methods. In honey solutions, the limits of quantification for HPLC and White methods are 0.83 mg/L and 0.67 mg/L, respectively, and the linearity range is confirmed up to 20 mg/L for the HPLC method and up to 5 mg/L for the White method. In honeys with HMF >5 mg/kg, the molar extinction coefficient is 15369, lower than the literature value of 16830, and should be used for HMF determination. For samples with HMF content in the range 1-4 mg/kg the accuracy of the 2 methods is comparable both for unifloral and honeydew samples, whereas as regards precision, the HPLC method gives better results (3.5% compared with 6.4% for the White method). So, in general, the HPLC method seems to be more appropriate for the determination of HMF in honey in the range 1-4 mg/kg thanks to its greater precision, but for samples with a HMF content of less than 1 mg/kg the analyses are inaccurate for both methods.

PRACTICAL APPLICATION
This work can help governmental and private laboratories that perform food analyses to choose the best method for the determination of HMF at very low levels in unifloral honey and honeydew samples.


International conference as part of Duesseldorf Photo 2018. Speakers: Alec Soth (USA), Prof. Dr. Peter Osborne (Kingston University, London), Prof. Dr. Astrid Mania (HfbK Hamburg), Dr. Claus Gunti (University of Lausanne), Johnny Milano (USA), Ramon Amaro (Goldsmith College, London/Het nieuwe Instituut, Rotterdam), Sadie Murdoch (Goldsmith College, London), Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Ullrich, Prof. Mareike Foecking (University of Applied Sciences Dusseldorf/PBSA).

Paper Presented.
Abstract: "In "The Anagrammatic Model: The Body, in Pieces", artist Sadie Murdoch will discuss the correlation between the form of the anagram and the photographic image in relation to her recent projects.  Murdoch's work addresses the way in which 20th Century Modernist photography frames and presents the gendered body; her drawings and photographs constitute an investigation into the way in which photographic archives can be 'inhabited', through forms of translation which are digital, material and spatial. She will present a selection of work, including images from her solo exhibition SSS-MM, at the Museum Haus Konstruktiv in Zurich (2016), and her publication, Omnipulsepunslide, a project with Artphilein Editions (ISBN 978-88-940843-2-0).

The title of the presentation is a reference to the book by the late feminist scholar Linda Nochlin, "The Body in Pieces: the Fragment as a Metaphor of Modernity" (1). Nochlin argued that the partial image constitutes a distinctively modern way of viewing the world. The fragment or 'crop' in addition to forming part of the notion of the modern, is also a quintessentially photographic device.

Murdoch's work often features fragments of the unrecognisable and unidentified, signs of the lost and ruined, which are enlarged, cropped, duplicated and re-photographed, together with the artists own body. The artist will argue that the formal devices of early 20th Century photography, Surrealism in particular, function as a series of 'photo-anagrams', that disassemble and reconfigure the female form. Claude Cahun's photographs of Sheila Legge in Trafalgar Square, her face concealed by a hood of rose-petals. Man Ray's women, cropped, blurred, and solarised to the point of anonymity. Unica Zurn, disarticulated, dismembered and reconfigured by her lover and collaborator Hans Bellmer. In Murdoch's work this anagrammatic function is re-routed: historical documents and archival material are repurposed, in order to create new symbolic economies. Through processes of re-staging and interpretation, Murdoch resists and re-routs a photographic gaze which has historically positioned the female subject as image and object.

Murdoch will also discuss the relationship between the photographic negative, the anagram and chronology.  As part of her working method, photographic images are often presented alongside their inverted formats. Spectral after-image and primary material record of an event, the photographic negative is ambivalent in its indexical relationship to the visible world and to ideas of the past, present and future. Although a mirror of its positive counterpart, the negative re-arranges the tonal 'characters', producing an image that is recognisable but hard to discern, legible but with a reconfigured meaning. In addition to its material function as a precursor of the printed image, the negative also 'suggests' a future event; it holds a prescient quality. Photographic reversal operates to re-arrange elements not only of the visible, but also of our sense of time, and therefore history.

Murdoch also asserts that the photographic negative reveals a pivotal function of photography itself. Through reproduction, reversal and duplication, the world becomes unfamiliar, and dislocates our reading of time and place, illusion and ontological fact. Photography 'shuffles' the past, present and future, its grammar and syntax opening up an anagrammatic space, which is essential to Murdoch's approach to image making. In her solo exhibition SSS-MM, at the Museum Haus Konstruktiv, accompanied by her artist book, Omnipulsepunslide, the artist deployed images, objects and texts relating to women involved in the New York and Zurich Dada movement, including Hannah Hoch, Emmy Hennings, Sophie Taueber-Arp and Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven. In many of her images, the photographic register serves to merge real objects with archival material, so that the corporeal reality of physical bodies becomes integrated with the archival photograph, which in turn becomes 'animated', opening up new readings of the way in which we construct, and are constructed by, our encounter with the archival.

(1) Linda Nochlin. The Body in Pieces: the Fragment as a Metaphor of Modernity. Thames and Hudson, 2001"

Duesseldorf Photo Conference is an event of the Hochschule Dusseldorf in cooperation with Duesseldorf Photo and Leistenschneider. It was curated and organized by professor Mareike Foecking.


In this paper, I describe a better way to compute the information similarity between two users who are unilaterally connected. Unilateral relations are unidirectional connections and gain attention with the success of social tagging and microblogging systems. The relations are convenient and less bounded since people can make the connection without mutual agreement once they perceive that other users' information is worth. Using a social bookmarking data set, Delicious, I found that the traditional item unit-based similarity measures are not enough to show the common interests between a pair of unilaterally connected users. The similarity measure on the higher level such as metadata (root address of each URL) and macro-level tags (tags regardless of the annotated information item) showed better results. The significantly better results in metadata and macro-tag level similarity were also shown in the indirect relations, as well. I interpreted this result to mean that semantic information such as metadata and tags represent users' cognitive understanding of corresponding information. Therefore, in social tagging systems, it is better to match users not based on item-level similarity but based on the similarity on a higher level which embeds more semantic meanings.


At the interaction point of a particle accelerator, various phenomena occur which are known as beam-beam effects. Incident bunches of electrons (or positrons) experience strong electromagnetic fields from the opposing bunches, which leads to electron deflection, beamstrahlung and the creation of electron/positron pairs and hadrons due to two-photon exchange. In addition, the beams experience a ''pinch effect'' which focuses each beam and results in either a reduction or expansion of their vertical size. Finally, if a beam's disruption parameter is too large, the beam can develop a sinusoidal distortion, or two-stream (kink) instability. This project simulated and studied these effects as they relate to luminosity, deflection angles and energy loss in order to optimize beam parameters for the Next Linear Collider (NLC). Using the simulation program Guinea-Pig, luminosity, deflection angle and beam energy data was acquired for different levels of beam offset and distortion. Standard deflection curves and luminosity plots agreed with theoretical models but also made clear the difficulties of e-e- feedback. Simulations emphasizing kink instability in modulated and straight beam collisions followed qualitative behavioral predictions and roughly fit recent analytic calculations. Finally, a study of e-e- collisions under design constraints for the NLC provided new estimates of howmore » luminosity, beamstrahlung energy loss, upsilon parameter and deflection curve width scale with beam spotsizes.« less


A huge industry has been created responding to the perceived social malady, the "Digital Divide". This paper examines the concepts and strategies underlying the notion of the Digital Divide and concludes that it is little more than a marketing campaign for Internet service providers. The paper goes on to present an alternative approach - that of "effective use" - drawn from community informatics theory which recognizes that the Internet is not simply a source of information, but also a fundamental tool in the new digital economy.