In view of the characteristics of the low-noise and high-strength of auto gears, this paper proposes a new method of optimization of fine-pitch tooth profile. Based on the constant gear-pair parameter values of transmission ratio, modulus, pressure angle, the method takes the optimal contact ratio as design object, sets up the constraint conditions such as noise limit index, non-interference, non-undercutting, and non-sharpened in the tip, and optimizes the addendum coefficient and coefficient so as to increase the contact ratio. In addition, this paper makes a finite element strength analysis on the design result, and the result shows that the new method can not only reduces noise but also improves gear strength of fine-pitch gear.


Google Translate App (GTA) use is ubiquitous among second language learners in Saudi Arabia for translating between Arabic and English and vice versa. Learners perform various translation tasks drawing on different features of GTA. However, what specific features they draw on when using Google Translate, and how the app influences their English learning process is unknown. This study aims to answer the following research question: what are the affordances of GTA as perceived by second language learners in Saudi Arabia? The research participants were twelve second language learners at a university in Saudi Arabia. Focus group interviews and individual interviews were conducted to gather the data over six-weeks. Thematic analysis indicates that GTA provides five different modes of writing in English, offering options to use the app in-class and in everyday life, and serving as a language learning resource. The findings also indicate that the personal histories of learners with GTA related to their introduction to and frequency of using the app in everyday life, and the benefits they observed when doing so. The study recommends language instructors promote the use of the app as a mini dictionary, and encourage language learners to use it as a resource to ensure accurate spelling and pronunciation.


Vertically transmitted micro-organisms can increase in frequency in host populations by providing net benefits to hosts. While laboratory studies have identified diverse beneficial effects conferred by inherited symbionts of insects, they have not explicitly examined the population dynamics of mutualist symbiont infection within populations. In the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, the inherited facultative symbiont, Hamiltonella defensa, provides protection against parasitism by the wasp, Aphidius ervi. Despite a high fidelity of vertical transmission and direct benefits of infection accruing to parasitized aphids, Hamiltonella remains only at intermediate frequencies in natural populations. Here, we conducted population cage experiments to monitor the dynamics of Hamiltonella and of another common A. pisum symbiont, Serratia symbiotica, in the presence and absence of parasitism. We also conducted fitness assays of Hamiltonella-infected aphids to search for costs to infection in the absence of parasitism. In the population cages, we found that the frequency of A. pisum infected with Hamiltonella increased dramatically after repeated exposure to parasitism by A. ervi, indicating that selection pressures from natural enemies can lead to the increase of particular inherited symbionts in insect populations. In our laboratory fitness assays, we did not detect a cost to infection with Hamiltonella, but in the population cages not exposed to parasitism, we found a significant decline in the frequency of both Hamiltonella and Serratia. The declining frequencies of Hamiltonella-infected aphids in population cages in the absence of parasitism indicate a probable cost to infection and may explain why Hamiltonella remains at intermediate frequencies in natural populations.


This guide provides information about available text mining resources and tools and whether or not the Libraries subscription databases support content mining.


Evidence-based people management is an approach to the profession and practice of people management that focuses on increasing the use of critical thinking and the best evidence available for decisionmaking. This article puts forward several reasons why people management practitioners do not adopt a more evidence-based approach and argues how useful this approach can be for organizations. A seven-stage process is presented for making decisions that make better use of evidence: identifying, asking, acquiring, appraising, aggregating, applying and assessing. There are four sources of evidence that can improve the quality of decisions in people management: scientific evidence, organizational data, professional experience and stakeholder input. Finally, practical suggestions are offered for implementing this approach in organizations, as well as the main objections presented by managers are outlined.


Meta-analysis is the predominant approach for quantitatively synthesizing a set of studies. If the studies themselves are of high quality, meta-analysis can provide valuable insights into the current scientific state of knowledge about a particular phenomenon. In psychological science, the most common approach is to conduct frequentist meta-analysis. In this primer, we discuss an alternative method, Bayesian model-averaged meta-analysis. This procedure combines the results of four Bayesian meta-analysis models: (a) fixed-effect null hypothesis, (b) fixed-effect alternative hypothesis, (c) random-effects null hypothesis, and (d) random-effects alternative hypothesis. These models are combined according to their plausibilities given the observed data to address the two key questions "Is the overall effect nonzero?" and "Is there between-study variability in effect size?" Bayesian model-averaged meta-analysis therefore avoids the need to select either a fixed-effect or random-effects model and instead takes into account model uncertainty in a principled manner.


Acquisition of quasi‐monoenergetic ("pristine") depth‐dose curves is an essential task in the frame of commissioning and quality assurance of a proton therapy treatment head. For pencil beam scanning delivery modes this is often accomplished by measuring the integral ionization in a plane perpendicular to the axis of an unscanned beam. We focus on the evaluation of three integral detectors: two of them are plane‐parallel ionization chambers with an effective radius of 4.1 cm and 6.0 cm, respectively, mounted in a scanning water phantom. The third integral detector is a 6.0 cm radius multilayer ionization chamber. The experimental results are compared with the corresponding measurements under broad field conditions, which are performed with a small radius plane‐parallel chamber and a small radius multilayer ionization chamber. We study how a measured depth‐dose curve of a pristine proton field depends on the detection device, by evaluating the shape of the depth‐dose curve, the relative charge collection efficiency, and intercomparing measured ranges. Our results show that increasing the radius of an integral chamber from 4.1 cm to 6.0 cm increases the collection efficiency by 0%–3.5% depending on beam energy and depth. Ranges can be determined by the large electrode multilayer ionization chamber with a typical uncertainty of 0.4 mm on a routine basis. The large electrode multilayer ionization chamber exhibits a small distortion in the Bragg Peak region. This prohibits its use for acquisition of base data, but is tolerable for quality assurance. The good range accuracy and the peak distortion are characteristics of the multilayer ionization chamber design, as shown by the direct comparison with the small electrode counterpart. PACS number: 87.55.Qr


OBJECTIVE
To quantitatively measure male DNA in blood from women with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and from controls and to evaluate in vitro the modulation of the microchimeric cell population size following immunologic stimuli that were expected to trigger antigen-specific T cells.

METHODS
A real-time polymerase chain reaction for a Y chromosome sequence was used to measure male DNA in blood from women with SSc and from controls who gave birth to sons. The in vitro change in the microchimeric cell population size was measured following immunologic stimuli, which were expected to trigger antigen-specific T cells.

RESULTS
Cellular microchimerism was found in SSc patients and controls, but the absolute amount of male DNA was higher in the patients, and the in vitro addition to blood mononuclear cells of an anti-CD28 costimulatory signal acted as a powerful amplification of microchimeric cells in 3 patients with SSc but not in controls.

CONCLUSION
Cellular microchimerism is a physiologic phenomenon in parous women. In SSc patients, cellular microchimerism is accounted for by a higher number of cells that have the characteristics of T lymphocytes specific to maternal allogeneic antigens.


Boosting is a classification method which has been proven useful in non-satellite image processing while it is still new to satellite remote sensing. It is a meta-algorithm, which builds a strong classifier from many weak ones in iterative way. We adapt the AdaBoost.M1 boosting algorithm in a new land cover classification scenario based on utilization of very simple threshold classifiers employing spectral and contextual information. Thresholds for the classifiers are automatically calculated adaptively to data statistics.The proposed method is employed for the exemplary problem of artificial area identification. Classification of IKONOS multispectral data results in short computational time and overall accuracy of 94.4% comparing to 94.0% obtained by using AdaBoost.M1 with trees and 93.8% achieved using Random Forest. The influence of a manipulation of the final threshold of the strong classifier on classification results is reported.


This report charts the development of an Education and Training Needs Analysis (ETNA) Toolkit. The Toolkit
aims to enable agencies to identify the knowledge and skills required of participants to work effectively within
integrated health and social care services and to contribute actively to service integration. The development
of an ETNA Toolkit is one of a series of outputs from Shaping the Future in Primary Care Education and Training
project (www.pcet.org.uk) which is funded by the North West
Development Agency (NWDA). It is the result of a collaborative initiative between the NWDA, the North West
Universities Association and seven Higher Education Institutions in the North West of England


We present an inexact bundle method for minimizing an unconstrained convex sup-function with an open domain. Under some mild assumptions, we reformulate a convex conic programming problem as such problem in terms of the support function. This method is a first-order method, hence it requires much less computational cost in each iteration than second-order approaches such as interior-point methods. While sometimes providing solutions of low accuracy, such method can attack large scale problems. We show the global convergence of this method. Finally, we give an explicit model for the objective function and a concrete routine to compute the largest eigenvalue inexactly in the case of convex quadratic symmetric cone programming.


Determining the retirement time of aged equipment in power systems has been a challenge in the utility industry for many years. The paper presents a probabilistic analysis approach to making decision on retirement of aged equipment in transmission systems. The basic idea is to quantify and compare the expected damage cost and capital saving due to delaying the retirement of aged equipment. An actual example of an aged underground cable in a regional transmission system of a utility is used to demonstrate the application of the presented approach step by step.


The injection of impurity granules into fusion research discharges can serve as a catalyst for ELM events. For sufficiently low ELM frequencies, and granule sizes above a threshold, this can result in full control of the ELM cycle, referred to as ELM pacing. For this research, we extend the investigation to conditions where the natural ELM frequency is too high for ELM pacing to be realized. Utilizing multiple sizes of lithium granules and classifying their effects by granule size, we demonstrate that ELM mitigation through frequency multiplication can be used at ELM triggering rates that nominally make ELM pacing unrealizable. We find that above a size threshold, injected granules promptly trigger ELMs and commensurately enhance the ELM frequency. Below this threshold size, injection of an individual granule does not always lead to the prompt triggering of an ELM; however, collective ablation in the edge pedestal region does enhance the ELM frequency. Specifically, Li granules too small to individually trigger ELMs were injected into EAST H-mode discharges at frequencies up to 2.3 kHz; collectively the granules were observed to enhance the natural ELM frequency up to 620 Hz, resulting in a ~2.4  ×  multiplication of the natural ELM frequency and a 50% decrease of the ELM size.


Two years ago, teams in France and Israel both found that in layers of electrons exposed to high magnetic fields at low temperatures, charge could shatter into "quasi-particles" that had one-third the fundamental charge of the electron. In this week9s issue of
 Nature, the Israeli team announces it has now spotted one-fifth-charge quasi-particles. The new results provide further confirmation for the theory put forward in 1983 by Robert Laughlin of Stanford University to explain the fractional quantum Hall effect, a phenomenon in which the tiny units of the quantum world have large-scale effects.


In the higher education sector, student satisfaction is one of key indicators in measuring quality of a college. The level of student satisfaction depends on many factors influencing it, which may varies among colleges. This study , conducted in 2011, measured the student satisfaction of Bakrie University and the level of importance of each influencing factor using Analytic Network Process, a decision support system tool. Analytic Network Process was considered a new tool for this purpose . The re were seven influencing factors identified in th e study. The result showed overall level of student satisfaction of 79.3 %. The most influencing factor was the service quality of academic faculty, while the least influencing factor was the service quality of non-academic staffs. Key word: student satisfaction, customer satisfaction, Analytic Network Process.


Recent studies suggest that IBD is on the rise in the developing world. This is also the region with limited access to healthcare facilities, poor physician and patient awareness of the disease and diagnostic dilemmas with the infectious bacterial diarrheas preventing adequate diagnosis. There is very limited data on the relative prevalence of IBD compared to the infectious diarrhoeas. We screened symptomatic patients to assess the diagnostic profile in the real world settings with free of cost service to people below poverty line and the un-insured.

 The study is being conducted in a large tertiary care centre in Southern India from March 2020 till date. We present the results of an interim analysis. Symptomatic patients with diarrhea, unintentional weight loss, bleeding per rectum, chronic abdominal pain and unexplained anemia were screened with a blood test (Haemogram, liver function, serum protein), abdominal ultrasound and colonoscopy/ileoscopy to ensure an early diagnosis and initiation of treatment. Data including the demographics of the patients, predominant symptoms, rural/urban residence, investigations, biopsy and final diagnosis were entered into an excel spreadsheet and analysed.

 6878 patients, 2188 female (32%), median 44 years (1–82 years) were screened between March 2020 to January 2021. Bloody diarrhoea was noted in 1212(18%), chronic non-bloody diarrhoea in 887 (13%), altered bowel habits in 2381 (35%), pain abdomen in 4030 (59%), un-intentional weight loss in 648 (10%) and anemia in188 (3%). IBD was diagnosed in 397 patients (6%) of which 169 (2.5%) were UC and 228 (3.3%) were CD. Infective etiology including intestinal tuberculosis was seen in 577 (8.3%). Colorectal cancer was diagnosed in 251 (3.6%), polyps in 614 (8.9%). Overall, 4921 (71.5%) were urban and 1957 (28.5%) rural.
 The proportion of UC (2.3% rural vs 2.5% urban, p=0.65) and CD (3.6% rural and 3.2% urban, p=0.43) were not different in rural and urban groups. There was significantly higher proportion of infectious colitis in the rural subgroup (p=0.01)(Table 1).

 This interim analysis indicates a rising IBD in both urban and rural India vis a vis the infectious diarrheas. However, proportion of infectious colitis was significantly higher in the rural subgroup compared to the urban.


Abstract This study examines how characteristics of participatory processes affect citizens' evaluations of such processes and thereby establish what kind of participatory process citizens demand. The literature on democratic innovations has proposed different criteria for evaluating participatory innovations. What remains unclear, however, is how citizens evaluate these participatory mechanisms. This is here examined in a conjoint analysis embedded in a representative survey of the Finnish population (n = 1050). The conjoint analysis examines the impact of inclusiveness, popular control, considered judgment, transparency, efficiency, and transferability on citizens' evaluations of participatory processes. Furthermore, it is examined whether the evaluations differ by the policy issues and process preferences of the respondents. The results show that people want transparent participatory processes with face-to-face interaction among participants and expert advice to deal with complicated issues. The participatory processes should also be advisory and should not include too many meetings. These effects appear to be uniform across policy issues and do not depend on the process preferences of citizens.


The paper presents an automated single-end FPGA-based fault location system for AC/DC power networks. The proposed system is based on the electromagnetic time reversal theory and uses an automated FPGA-based real-time simulator to perform the fault location process. The high accuracy and reliability of the EMTR-based fault location method are integrated with the high computational power and time determinism of FGPAs to develop a fast and accurate fault location system. The performance of the developed system is validated by making reference to a multi-terminal HVDC grid and a radial power distribution network.


This paper presents an accelerator design for the password recovery of sha256crypt based on hybrid CPU-FPGA devices. By applying the brute-force attack computation model proposed in this paper, we decompose the sha256crypt function into two types of operations, namely the data dispatching and the block transforming. The data dispatching operation generates message blocks and the block transforming operation transforms message blocks into digests. These two operations are efficiently accelerated by the customized data dispatch unit and the pipelined block transform unit, respectively. Difficulties of adopting the pipeline technique are addressed also with the following techniques. The group scheduling is used to solve the data dependency that stalls the pipeline. The look-ahead execution eliminates the uncertainty of the execution path. The data path pruning and spatial-temporal multiplexing reduce the resource overhead of non-computing units.The proposed accelerator design is implemented and evaluated on the Xilinx Zynq-7000 XC7Z030-3 SoC. Our experimental results show that the proposed accelerator can improve energy efficiency by 2.54x over the state-of-the-art password recovery tool Hashcat running on an NVIDIA GTX1080Ti GPU. Compared with the pure FPGA-based implementation in John-the-Ripper, the proposed accelerator improves energy efficiency by 1.64x and improves resource efficiency by 1.69x.


Because stretch-induced activation may be important in generating clinically relevant arrhythmias in the heart, we delineated the ability of different types of stretches to activate ventricular tissue. Geometrically simple sheets of frog ( Rana catesbeiana) ventricular tissue were mounted to allow stretches to be applied perpendicular to one edge. Every heart could be activated by a stretch pulse ( n = 25), and several parameters were varied to determine their effects on mechanical activation threshold. At shorter coupling intervals, a larger stretch was needed to excite the tissue, and activation-recovery intervals were shorter, similar to previously published electrically probed strength-interval and restitution relations. Additionally, the tissue became easier to activate as the speed of the stretch increased from 0.09 to 2.6% length/ms. The increment in stretch needed for activation decreased as the baseline stretch increased from 0 to 6% length. Thus we show that mechanical activation is similar to electrical activation and that increasing uniquely mechanical parameters such as the speed of the applied stretch or baseline level of stretch can decrease the mechanical activation threshold.


Diffusion probabilistic models (DPMs) have achieved remarkable quality in image generation that rivals GANs'. But unlike GANs, DPMs use a set of latent variables that lack semantic meaning and cannot serve as a useful representation for other tasks. This paper explores the possibility of using DPMs for representation learning and seeks to extract a meaningful and decodable representation of an input image via autoencoding. Our key idea is to use a learnable encoder for discovering the high-level semantics, and a DPM as the decoder for modeling the remaining stochastic variations. Our method can encode any image into a two-part latent code where the first part is semantically meaningful and linear, and the second part captures stochastic details, allowing near-exact reconstruction. This capability enables challenging applications that currently foil GAN-based methods, such as attribute manipulation on real images. We also show that this two-level encoding improves denoising efficiency and naturally facilitates various downstream tasks including few-shot conditional sampling. Please visit our page: https://Diff-AE.github.io/


Within institutions of higher education, shared governance is an essential component to a healthy functionality. Among the many stakeholders at these institutions, students are the largest in number and hold primacy. Participation in student governance establishes a sense of shared ownership over their communities while also providing a unique avenue for students to gain wisdom and develop critical skill sets. Senior administrators at these institutions have many inherent challenges due to an organization that is largely decentralized and autonomous. The purpose for conducting this study was to analyze Student Government Associations (SGA) at 8 select land-grant institutions of higher education in order to establish the extent of administrative agenda alignment after reviewing policy priorities for SGAs and their respective presidents. The study ultimately found minimal agenda alignment between student body presidents and university presidents. Student body presidents indicated that they did not necessarily anticipate alignment given the differences in their constituencies and most indicated positive relationships. These findings emphasize the importance of shared governance within these institutions. Positive relationships between SGAs and their presidents emphasize constructive communication and reciprocity between the subjects which leads to more buy-in by stakeholders and innovative ideas.


Aerosol-Cloud Interactions (ACIs) are one of the least understood climate feedbacks. Ground-based remote sensing has a large potential to study these interactions. In this study a UV-depolarisation lidar has been set up on Ascension Island, a remote island in the southeast Atlantic Ocean, for one month in summer 2016 and one month in summer 2017, to study the aerosol, cloud microphysical properties, and their interaction. In clear-sky (cloud-free) periods, the backscattered signal is used to calculate the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD). The AOD is a measure of the attenuation of the lidar beam due to suspended particles, which can be estimated in clear-sky, by integration of the extinction profile over the column and accounting for the Rayleigh (molecular) attenuation. A UV-depolarisation lidar measures not only the backscattered signal but also the depolarisation of the returned signal. Depolarisation of the lidar beam can occur due to multiple-scattering inside liquid water clouds. The multiple-scattering inside the cloud near the cloud-base was simulated using a Monte Carlo (MC) model inside an idealised semi-adiabatic liquid water cloud. Using lookup tables generated by the MC model, the cloud microphysical properties such as the cloud droplet number concentration and the effective radius were derived from the depolarisation ratio observed by the lidar. The aim of the study was to validate these retrieval methods. The AOD product was compared to AERONET data and data from hand-held sun-photometers. The multiplescattering (MS) based inversion method for the retrieval of the cloud droplet effective radius was compared to a method using radar observations on the island from the US ARM mobile facility. The lidar AOD retrievals show similar values in 2016 as the AERONET data. In 2017 the AOD lidar retrievals do not correlate well with the AERONET, Calitoo and Microtops data. Misalignment has caused difficulties in the AOD retrieval in 2017. The effective radius in clouds retrieved from the lidar data could not be compared to the methods with radar data in 2016, because the radar was operating for only 9 days of our measurement period. In 2017 the lidar retrieved effective radius agrees within the error bands with the radar retrieved effective radius. These results show the UV-depolarisation lidar to be a potentially useful instrument to study the AOD and the cloud droplet effective radius. With more research focusing on the validation of the methods to employ the lidar, the instrument could prove valuable for Aerosol-Cloud Interaction monitoring.


This paper aims to analyse the effect of demonetisation on the different sectors of economy and throw light on the various challenges before the government of India to make create cashless economy. Government of India's banned the old 500 and 1000 notes with an aim to resolve against corruption, black money, terrorism and counterfeit notes. But in last couple of months, the country has witnessed some recent terrorists' attacks (around 7) like Nagrota Attack and Bhopal passenger train blast, a large number of fake currency printing cases, cases of converting black money into with the help of some bank employees or by buying foreign currency, Gold, property etc. This has jolted the people's belief in government's this decision. India's GDP growth slipped to 6.1% in the fourth quarter of year 2016-17, compared with 7.1% in the previous quarter. Also, GVA growth at constant prices declined to 5.6% in the fourth quarter of year 2016-17, clearly showing the scars of demonetisation on the economy. Our analysis shows that out of twenty two industry groups in the manufacturing sector, 5 industry groups registered positive growth in December, 2016. Also, India's annual infrastructure output growth slowed to 3.4 per cent in January from 5.6 per cent in December. Sectors like agriculture, real estate, FMCG, automobile and infrastructure have been badly affected. Moreover, the value of non-cash transactions in May 2017 is closer to the value in November 2016 at Rs 94 trillion, when demonetisation started. Still, there are a number of challenges before the government to make India a cashless economy. This requires the government of India to really work on ground realities to make this dream a reality.


In an unpublished image from the 1930s, studio photographer Rafael Platero Paz embraces a white North American man near a river in El Progreso, Honduras. Both men are stark naked and cover only their genitals with leaves. They look directly into the camera. This essay examines Platero Paz's self-portraits, found in a visual archive made up mostly of photos of peasants and banana laborers, new mothers and local merchants. Invoking Jean-Paul Sartre's phenomenology of sight, I argue that in his traditional self-portraits, Platero Paz posed for an eventual Other. He was there, waiting for the Other's recognition and approval. And insofar as the Other was posited as the destination and ideal viewer of these portraits, Platero Paz was declaring: "I am the Other." In contrast, in the Garden of Eden photo, Platero Paz incorporates the Other into his landscape and declares "I am we," establishing a homosocial, if not homoerotic, subject-subject relation in the hypermasculine space of a banana plantation.


textabstractUnderstanding healthcare workflow is fundamental for design and implementation of information systems. Communication and information exchange between healthcare professionals plays a pivotal role in developing smooth workflow within and between healthcare organizations. The study in this thesis analyzes the interaction between Information
Technology (IT) and the medication process within and between healthcare organizations. The focus is on the interactions that lead to communication problems and as a result lead to unintended negative consequences on patient safety. The thesis examines several cases of IT
intervention to improve intra- and inter-organizational communication.
It raises important implications on how to design and implement IT
systems that support healthcare processes without jeopardizing patient
safety. The author concludes for IT to improve healthcare communication
and patient safety, at intra-organizational level, it has to support the
highly integrated nature of the shared healthcare work. At
inter-organizational level the main challenge is that different pieces
of the shared work are not sufficiently integrated.


Simulated transient tests and standard static mechanical property tests were performed on irradiated specimens of D9, a low-swelling, advanced austenitic stainless steel developed for fast reactor operation. Results of the transient tests were compared with existing data on 316 and HT9 stainless steels. The D9 alloys exhibited the same behavior attributed the fuel adjacency effect (which is characterized by reduced strength and ductility as a result of cladding contact with oxide fuel) observed in 316 stainless steel. In the mechanical property tensile and fracture toughness tests, D9 exhibited a slightly lower fracture toughness than either HT9 or 316 stainless steel. Comparison of tensile strengths indicated that irradiated D9 is stronger than HT9, but slightly weaker than 316 stainless steel. The D9 alloy exhibited a lower tensile ductility than either 316 stainless steel or HT9. The D9 transient and mechanical properties data are now available for computer code analysis of D9 as a fast reactor fuel system material. 15 refs., 12 figs.


PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES
To describe the use of prevention and early detection behaviors related to the side effects of chemotherapy.

DESIGN
Cross-sectional, descriptive, and secondary analysis.

SETTING
A large university hospital and university-affiliated community hospital.

SAMPLE
46 adult patients with cancer starting a cycle of IV chemotherapy who were predominantly white, married, and female.

METHODS
Self-report utilizing a 17-item, self-administered prevention and early detection questionnaire called the Prevention Behaviors Questionnaire (PBQ); questionnaires were completed two days and five days after treatment.

MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLE
Prevention and early detection behaviors.

FINDINGS
Patients reported using an average of 8.8 prevention behaviors two days after chemotherapy and 9.2 behaviors five days after chemotherapy. "Tried to think more positively" was the most frequently used behavior. Internal consistency and test-retest correlation coefficients on the questionnaire were calculated to be 0.81 and 0.78, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
The PBQ had adequate internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Patients reported using many prevention and detection behaviors, although very little is known about the efficacy of these behaviors in reducing or preventing the side effects of chemotherapy.

IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE
This exploratory study does not have direct implications for practice but identifies an area for future research that may affect what nurses teach patients and how they assist patients to cope with treatment.


The UK Chief Medical Officers recommend that children and young people under the age of 16 years use mobile phones for essential purposes only. But many young people use their mobile or smart phones throughout the day and keep them switched on close to their bodies during the night. Simple steps to reduce exposure to the electromagnetic fields emitted from wireless gadgets may help to protect long-term health. Raising awareness of wireless technology safety allows young people to make informed choices and to take responsibility for this area of their health and wellbeing.


We analyze the effects of the 2-day wave activity in the EEJ using one coherent scatter radar and eight magnetometer stations located close to the dip equator. The wavelet analysis of the magnetometer data reveals a 2-day signature in the semidiurnal geomagnetic tide. The E-region zonal background ionospheric electric field, derived from coherent radar measurements, shows 2-day oscillations in agreement with such oscillations in the magnetometers data. An anticorrelation between the amplitude of the tidal periodicites (diurnal and semidiurnal) and that of the 2-day signature is also shown in the electric fields. The results are compared with simultaneous observations of 2-day planetary wave in meridional winds and ionosonde data. Further, our results are discussed based on the analysis of the magnetic activity.


"The question now to be faced is whether American society has reached a point where abolition is not dependent on a successful grass roots movement in particular jurisdictions, but is demanded by the Eighth Amendment." Justice Thurgood Marshall posed this question in 1972, in his concurring opinion in the landmark case of Furman v. Georgia, which halted executions nationwide. Four years later, in Gregg v. Georgia, a majority of the Supreme Court answered this question in the negative. Now, forty years after Gregg, the question is being asked once more. But this time seems different. That is because, for the first time in our Nation's history, the answer is likely to be yes. The Supreme Court, with Justice Kennedy at its helm, is poised to declare the death penalty unconstitutional. No matter what the Court's answer, one thing is certain: dignity will figure prominently in its decision. Dignity's doctrinal significance has been much discussed in recent years, thanks in large part to the Supreme Court's watershed decisions in U.S. v. Windsor and Obergefell v. Hodges, which struck down laws prohibiting same-sex marriage as a deprivation of same-sex couples' dignity under the Fourteenth Amendment. Few, however, have examined dignity as a unifying principle under the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments, which have long shared a commitment to dignity, and under the Court's LGBT rights and death penalty jurisprudence, in particular, which give substance to this commitment. That is the aim of this Article. This Article suggests that dignity embodies three primary concerns — liberty, equality, and life. The triumph of LGBT rights under the Fourteenth Amendment and the persistence of the death penalty under the Eighth Amendment expose a tension in dignity doctrine: the most basic aspect of dignity (life) receives the least protection under the law. Because dignity doctrine demands liberty and equality for LGBT people, it must also demand an end to the death penalty. If dignity means anything, it must mean this. In anticipation of the Court's invalidation of the death penalty on dignity grounds, this Article offers a framework to guide the Court, drawn from federal and state supreme court death penalty decisions new and old, statistics detailing the death penalty's record decline in recent years, and the Court's recent LGBT rights jurisprudence. It also responds to several likely counterarguments and considers abolition's important implications for dignity doctrine under the Eighth Amendment and beyond.


We have investigated the quasinormal modes (QNMs) of phantom scalar perturbation in a Reissner-Nordström (RN) background. We find that the dependence of QNMs on the mass of the field for the phantom perturbation is totally different from that of usual massive perturbation. However, we obtain the same critical value of the overtone number for an angular quantum number from which the mass will begin to have a reverse effect on the real part of QNM frequencies and the perturbation-independent relation between the QNMs and the second order thermodynamic phase transition.


Antigenic competition in CD4+ T cell responses occurs in HIV vaccine recipients. Troublesome T cells Many HIV vaccines aim to generate robust T cell responses, but two new studies show that this is not always straightforward. Chamcha et al. analyzed data from several nonhuman primate vaccine studies with SIV/SHIV challenges and discovered that achieving a certain threshold of vaccine-induced IFN-γ+ CD4 T cells lowered vaccine efficacy, possibly by providing target cells for the virus. Kallas et al. vaccinated people with HIV Gag/Pol alone or with Env to see whether antigenic competition could interfere with CD4 T cell responses; lower responses to Gag/Pol were detected when Env was also administered, indicating that including multiple antigens in a vaccine may preclude maximal T cell responses. Together, these studies highlight how we must tread carefully on the path to an effective HIV vaccine. T cell responses have been implicated in reduced risk of HIV acquisition in uninfected persons and control of viral replication in HIV-infected individuals. HIV Gag-specific T cells have been predominantly associated with post-infection control, whereas Env antigens are the target for protective antibodies; therefore, inclusion of both antigens is common in HIV vaccine design. However, inclusion of multiple antigens may provoke antigenic competition, reducing the potential effectiveness of the vaccine. HVTN 084 was a randomized, multicenter, double-blind phase 1 trial to investigate whether adding Env to a Gag/Pol vaccine decreases the magnitude or breadth of Gag/Pol-specific T cell responses. Fifty volunteers each received one intramuscular injection of 1 × 1010 particle units (PU) of rAd5 Gag/Pol and EnvA/B/C (3:1:1:1 mixture) or 5 × 109 PU of rAd5 Gag/Pol. CD4+ T cell responses to Gag/Pol measured 4 weeks after vaccination by cytokine expression were significantly higher in the group vaccinated without Env, whereas CD8+ T cell responses did not differ significantly between the two groups. Mapping of individual epitopes revealed greater breadth of the Gag/Pol-specific T cell response in the absence of Env compared to Env coimmunization. Addition of an Env component to a Gag/Pol vaccine led to reduced Gag/Pol CD4+ T cell response rate and magnitude as well as reduced epitope breadth, confirming the presence of antigenic competition. Therefore, T cell–based vaccine strategies should aim at choosing a minimalist set of antigens to reduce interference of individual vaccine components with the induction of the maximally achievable immune response.


Traffic accidents judged to be the third killer after heart disease coronary and tuberculosis one that occurred after a traffic accident that fractured. Fraktur is an interruption of continuity of bone or cartilage tissue that is generally caused by involuntary. One of the problems that occur in patients post ORIF (open reduction internal) femoral fracture limitation of motion of the knee joint that is experienced by the patient, the fracture can cause defects in the limbs fractured. While physical disability can be restored gradually through a range of motion 2 exercises is to practice Range Of Motion (ROM). The purpose of the author in order to understand the nursing care in patients with a diagnosis of postoperative femoral fracture sinistra. The method used is descriptive case study approach, is to perform nursing care in patients with postoperative femoral fracture ranging from assessment, intervention, implementation, and evaluation of nursing. After 3x24-hour nursing care for patients with femur fractures postoperative acute pain problems solved partially fill interventions, physical mobility impairments resolved intervention is stopped, the risk of infection is resolved and the intervention is stopped. ROM influence on the patient's postoperative femoral fracture effective to train a range of motion and prevent muscle stiffness.Ny. S case of the assessment results. There are three nursing problems are acute pain, impaired physical mobility, and the risk of infection. After nursing actions during 3x24 hours of acute pain is resolved in part, impaired physical mobility is resolved, and the risk of infection is resolved. Recommended for patients always control according to a fixed schedule and family can also make independent nursing actions at home.

Keywords :Physical mobility constraints, Post ORIF, Fraktur femur, ROM.


This article analyses the feasibility of the adoption of specific, international human rights law-compliant, transatlantic standards on foreign surveillance, in the context of Edward Snowden's revelations of large-scale surveillance programs operated by the US National Security Agency (NSA) and selected European intelligence services. The article describes examples of current good State practice, and options for setting standards for transatlantic data sharing, control of state interception and data monitoring capabilities, and oversight of intelligence agencies. It identifies relevant principles developed by civil society and industry groups that are leading political campaigns for reform, and the conditions under which these efforts are likely to succeed. It concludes by discussing the key intergovernmental forums where these standards could be considered.


Maximizing growth by sharing Bacterial colonies can undergo synchronized oscillations of cell growth, in which individual cells communicate through potassium ion-mediated electrical signals. Liu et al. found that such communication can also occur between adjacent colonies (see the Perspective by Gordon). Furthermore, colonies that would normally oscillate in synchrony adapted to an environment in which the nutrient supply was limited by growing out of phase with one another. Mathematical modeling and further experiments showed that this kept the colonies from having to compete for the limited nutrient and, counterintuitively, allowed the colonies to grow more quickly than they did with a higher nutrient concentration. Science, this issue p. 638; see also p. 583 How sharing resources can benefit bacterial colonies. Bacteria within communities can interact to organize their behavior. It has been unclear whether such interactions can extend beyond a single community to coordinate the behavior of distant populations. We discovered that two Bacillus subtilis biofilm communities undergoing metabolic oscillations can become coupled through electrical signaling and synchronize their growth dynamics. Coupling increases competition by also synchronizing demand for limited nutrients. As predicted by mathematical modeling, we confirm that biofilms resolve this conflict by switching from in-phase to antiphase oscillations. This results in time-sharing behavior, where each community takes turns consuming nutrients. Time-sharing enables biofilms to counterintuitively increase growth under reduced nutrient supply. Distant biofilms can thus coordinate their behavior to resolve nutrient competition through time-sharing, a strategy used in engineered systems to allocate limited resources.


Bioethical discourse, as it relates to common experiences of older people, has tended to focus on conflictive issues as they arise in long-term care. The primary value that this discourse upholds is autonomy, understood as self-direction, and the method of analysis is generally principle- and rule- based. Many good changes in long-term care have come as the result of these efforts. But much of ethical importance is left out, limited by how this form of discourse defines and addresses problems. This paper explores a more expansive view of ethics that attends to context and the particular features of being an older person in often- inhospitable settings, takes embodiment as  a key feature in our moral lives, and situates individuals in important relationships. Using narratives familiar to those who work with older people, especially in clinical settings, this paper will also suggest ways to reconfigure the familiar subject matter of bioethics and long-term care. It will challenge the dominance of existing values and so leave new spaces for ethical action. By bringing in culture, embodiment, and elder subjectivity, it will begin to move from the bioethics of long-term care to a concept of ethics and the older person.


The use of Twitter has rapidly grown since the first tweet in 2006. The number of spammers on Twitter shows a similar increase. Classifying users into spammers and nonspammers has been heavily researched, and new methods for spam detection are developing rapidly. One of these classification techniques is known as random forests. We examine three studies that employ random forests using user based features, geo-tagged features, and time dependent features. Each study showed high accuracy rates and F-measures with the exception of one model that had a test set with a more realistic proportion of spam relative to typical testing procedures. These studies suggest that random forests, in combination with unique feature selection can be used to identify spam and spammers with high accuracy but may have shortcomings when applied to real world situations.


In 2001, China's Ministry of Education launched a new graduate program in public administration at twenty-four universities around the country, with the explicit goal of improving management and policy-making skills in the public sector. From the beginning, these professional training schools sought guidance on curriculum design and educational organization from comparable schools in the United States, such as Harvard's Kennedy School of Government. For understandable historical and political reasons, they failed to explore their own Confucian past, to draw lessons from a critical examination of the traditional role of "scholar-officials" in Chinese government. This paper suggests, however, that only by integrating the technocratic aspects of a KSG education with the ethical orientation of scholar-officials can the Chinese provide for the requisites of public administration in a future democratic society.


Drawing widely on archive material, including previously inaccessible German Peace Council documents, the paper examines links between Western pacifists and the World Peace Council (WPC), initiated by communist parties in Eastern Europe, from the WPC's foundation until the mid-1960s, when discussion about European security and detente began. From the angle of an East German peace historian and activist, the author describes contradictions in the WPC as it sought to become a broad world movement while being instrumentalized increasingly to serve foreign policy in the Soviet Union and nominally socialist countries. In both East and West bloc, prejudices simmered despite attempts at concerted action. Divided Germany was a pivot which crystallized many tensions. This is illustrated by the 1961 Peace March, due to pass through Berlin just as the Wall went up.


Gamma-ray lines from Sn-103 have been identified for the first time using EUROBALL and ancillary detectors. The level scheme of Sn-103 has been established by means of particle-gated gamma gamma coincidences. The energy spacing between the g(7/2) and d(5/2) neutron single-particle orbitals is determined from the excited states in Sn-103.


Migratory birds like endangered whooping cranes (Grus americana) require suitable nocturnal roost sites during twice annual migrations. Whooping cranes primarily roost in shallow surface water wetlands, ponds, and rivers. All these features have been greatly impacted by human activities, which present threats to the continued recovery of the species. A portion of one such river, the central Platte River, has been identified as critical habitat for the survival of the endangered whooping crane. Management intervention is now underway to rehabilitate habitat form and function on the central Platte River to increase use and thereby contribute to the survival of whooping cranes. The goal of our analyses was to develop habitat selection models that could be used to direct riverine habitat management activities (i.e., channel widening, tree removal, flow augmentation, etc.) along the central Platte River and throughout the species' range. As such, we focused our analyses on two robust sets of whooping crane observations and habitat metrics the Platte River Recovery Implementation Program (Program or PRRIP) and other such organizations could influence. This included channel characteristics such as total channel width, the width of channel unobstructed by dense vegetation, and distance of forest from the edge of the channel and flow-related metrics like wetted width and unit discharge (flow volume per linear meter of wetted channel width) that could be influenced by flow augmentation or reductions during migration. We used 17 years of systematic monitoring data in a discrete-choice framework to evaluate the influence these various metrics have on the relative probability of whooping crane use and found the width of channel unobstructed by dense vegetation and distance to the nearest forest were the best predictors of whooping crane use. Secondly, we used telemetry data obtained from a sample of 38 birds of all ages over the course of seven years, 2010–2016, to evaluate whooping crane use of riverine habitat within the North-central Great Plains, USA. For this second analysis, we focused on the two metrics found to be important predictors of whooping crane use along the central Platte River, unobstructed channel width and distance to nearest forest or wooded area. Our findings indicate resource managers, such as the Program, have the potential to influence whooping crane use of the central Platte River through removal of in-channel vegetation to increase the unobstructed width of narrow channels and through removal of trees along the bank line to increase unforested corridor widths. Results of both analyses also indicated that increases in relative probability of use by whooping cranes did not appreciably increase with unobstructed views ≥200 m wide and unforested corridor widths that were ≥330 m. Therefore, managing riverine sites for channels widths >200 m and removing trees beyond 165 m from the channel's edge would increase costs associated with implementing management actions such as channel and bank-line disking, removing trees, augmenting flow, etc. without necessarily realizing an additional appreciable increase in use by migrating whooping cranes.


This work evaluates an exceptionally complex natural laboratory, the Middle Triassic Latemar isolated platform in the northern Italian Dolomite Mountains and explores spatial and temporal gradients in processes and products related to contact metamorphism, dolomitization and dedolomitization of marine limestones. The relation between petrographic change and re‐equilibration of geochemical proxy data is evaluated from the perspective of carbonate‐archive research. Hydrothermal dolomitization of the limestone units is triggered by dykes and associated hydrothermal fluids radiating from the nearby Predazzo Intrusion. Detailed petrography, fluid inclusion analysis, δ13C and δ18O data and 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios shed light on the extreme textural and geochemical complexity. Metamorphic and diagenetic patterns include: (i) peak‐metamorphic and retrograde‐metamorphic phases including three dolomite marbles, two dedolomite marbles, brucite, magnesium silicates and late‐stage meteoric/vadose cement at the contact aureole; (ii) four spatially defined episodes of dolomitization, authigenic quartz, low magnesium calcite and late‐stage meteoric cement at the Latemar isolated platform; and (iii) kilometre‐scale gradients in δ13C values from the contact aureole towards the platform interior. Results shown here are relevant for two reasons: first, the spatial analysis of alteration products ranging from high‐grade metamorphic overprint of marbles at temperatures of 700°C in the contact aureole to moderately altered limestones in the platform interior at temperatures <100°C, allows the observation of processes that commonly occur along vertical (prograde) gradients from shallow burial to metamorphism at depths >20 km. Second, under rock‐buffered conditions, and irrespective of metamorphic to diagenetic fluid−rock interactions, both marbles, and low‐temperature hydrothermal dolomites have conservative marine δ13C and δ18O values. The fact that metamorphism and hydrothermal dolomitization of precursor limestones and early diagenetic dolostones did not per se reset environmental proxy data is of interest for those concerned with carbonate archive research in Earth's deep time.


ABSTRACT This article explores the role of politics for member states' absorption problems of European Union (EU) funds. Existing research relies solely on the influence of administrative capacities, but more recent evidence points at the additional relevance of politics as the party politicization of the implementation process. Drawing on this evidence, I argue that parties alternating in control of EU funds change implementation priorities and even management staff according to their preferences. These changes interrupt implementation, weaken capacities, and thereby also contribute to absorption problems. The argument is tested in a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis of 17 operational programmes building large infrastructure in the new member states of the EU. The results strongly support a role of frequent party alternation and low capacities leading in conjunction to absorption problems. Low capacities are found to be an important, but crucially not a sufficient condition for absorption problems.


In August 2015 we managed to capture a specimen of ratan goby ( Ponticola ratan) in the Romanian coastal waters of the Black Sea, near the locality of Sf. Gheorghe (Tulcea County). This is the 7 -th signaling for this species in Romanian coastal waters. The previous 6 specimens were recorded in the period 1960-1993, between Mangalia (ConstanA£a County) and Sulina (Tulcea County). The species was identified by means of meristic characters (number of scales on medial line, number of spiny and soft rays), and morphological particularities (cycloid scales on the nape area and pectoral fin joint). Also, the measurements made, confirmed that the ratio between the head length and total length, which was 33% (TL=8.70 cm vs. Head Length=2.61cm). Another morphological character, specific to this species, is the lower jaw, which exceeds in length the upper jaw. Being a Ponto-Caspian endemite, with low population along the Bulgarian and Romanian coastline, we considered it important to point out this new record. Noting that, being known the trend of sporadic migration of this species, would not be excluded that global warming causes a shift from its normal distribution area, from northern and northeastern (Black Sea) to south-west. Therefore, future research may bring more notifications regarding this species in south-western area of the Black Sea


Automatic resolution of rumours is a challenging task that can be broken down into smaller components that make up a pipeline, including rumour detection, rumour tracking and stance classification, leading to the final outcome of determining the veracity of a rumour. In previous work, these steps in the process of rumour verification have been developed as separate components where the output of one feeds into the next. We propose a multi-task learning approach that allows joint training of the main and auxiliary tasks, improving the performance of rumour verification. We examine the connection between the dataset properties and the outcomes of the multi-task learning models used.


Self-timed circuits present an attractive solution to the problem of process variation. However, implementing self-timed combinational logic can be complex and expensive. This paper presents a complete synthesis flow that generates self-timed combinational networks from conventional Boolean networks. The Boolean network is partitioned into small function blocks which are then synthesised using self-timed techniques. The procedure employs relaxation optimisations to distribute the overheads associated with self-timed networks between function-blocks. Relaxation is incorporated into the function block synthesis procedures, meaning the optimisations can be applied at a much finer granularity than previously possible. The new techniques are demonstrated on a range of benchmarks showing average reduction of 5% in area, 26% in latency and 48% in energy over gate-level relaxation techniques and 17% in area, 8% in latency and 20% in energy consumption over other block-level relaxation techniques.


Objective: To review cost-of-illness studies (COI) and economic evaluations (EE) conducted for medically unexplained symptoms and to analyze their methods and results. Methods: We searched the databases PubMed, PsycINFO and National Health Service Economic Evaluations Database of the University of York. Cost data were inflated to 2006 using country-specific gross domestic product inflators and converted to 2006 USD purchasing power parities. Results: We identified 5 COI and 8 EE, of which 6 were cost-minimization analyses and 2 were cost-effectiveness analyses. All studies used patient level data collected between 1980 and 2004 and were predominantly conducted in the USA (n = 10). COI found annual excess health care costs of somatizing patients between 432 and 5,353 USD in 2006 values. Indirect costs were estimated by only one EE and added up to about 18,000 USD per year. In EE, educational interventions for physicians as well as cognitive-behavioral therapy approaches for patients were evaluated. For both types of interventions, effectiveness was either shown within EE or by previous studies. Most EE found (often insignificant) cost reductions resulting from the interventions, but only two studies explicitly combined changes in costs with data on effectiveness to cost-effectiveness ratios (ratio of additional costs to additional effects). Conclusions: Medically unexplained symptoms cause relevant annual excess costs in health care that are comparable to mental health problems like depression or anxiety disorders and which may be reduced by interventions targeting physicians as well as patients. More extensive research on indirect costs and cost-effectiveness is needed.


Info 2022 What the job market demanded in the last few decades is overwhelming. Universities are working hard to meet the quality required by the job markets and it took a lot of effort, physically and mentally. Recently, the Minister of Education and Culture Republic of Indonesia releases a policy that opens up the door to unlimited resources of learning. Students will be facilitated to choose their learning sources from outside the classroom, with real professionals. It is hoped that the quality of education in Indonesia will be enhanced and universities can produce graduates who have competencies that are relevant to the needs of industry, business, and the world of work. This research mainly reviews the Freedom to Learn–Independent Campus (FLIC) policy as an opportunity to conduct independent learning. Independent to choose the more contextual source of learning. Our study context is the implementation of the FLIC program specifically at the School of Business. The researchers conducted interviews with stakeholders related to the implementation of this policy (students, faculty members, co-educators). As a result, FLIC is perceived to have a positive impact on improving student abilities. However, there are still some obstacles that can be used as a basis for policy


Introduction: Autologous fat grafting is important in the treatment of facial rejuvenation to treat the aging face, facial rhytids, and volume deformities. Additional uses of fat transfer include breast augmentation and buttock enhancement. Fat transfer for hand aging, as well as adding volume to body defects with fat, plays a major role in plastic and reconstructive surgery. Variability of graft survival (typically 50–70%) has lessened enthusiasm for the use of this technique. Platelet-rich fibrin matrix, however, has been shown previously to improve fat transplant survival in animal models. Materials and Methods: This report summarizes the case of a 37-year-old woman who had fat from her outer thighs injected into her lower abdominal panus. In 2 designated sites on her lower abdomen, 8 mL of fat was injected per site (one site with fat alone and the other site a 2:1 mixture of fat to Selphyl). Eight weeks later, the patient underwent a paniculectomy (en bloc) resection. Specimens were then processed and evaluated for histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Results: After removal of the en bloc panus, the tissue was immediately processed for histopathology. CD34 staining of regions 1 and 2 was performed. Region 1 consisted of 8 mL of fat injected into the lower abdominal panus in the subcutaneous layer. Region 2 consisted of 8 mL of fat mixed with 4 mL of Selphyl injected subcutaneously. Analysis of these regions showed viable fat in both sections; however, region 2 (8 mL of fat mixed with 4 mL of Selphyl) showed increased neovascularization. Conclusions: The result of this case study indicates that fat mixed with Selphyl may improve graft survival by increasing both neovascularization and total cell number.


The number of daily sUAS operations in uncontrolled low altitude airspace is expected to reach into the millions in a few years. Therefore, UAS density prediction has become an emerging and challenging problem. In this paper, a deep learning-based UAS instantaneous density prediction model is presented. The model takes two types of data as input: 1) the historical density generated from the historical data, and 2) the future sUAS mission information. The architecture of our model contains four components: Historical Density Formulation module, UAS Mission Translation module, Mission Feature Extraction module, and Density Map Projection module. The training and testing data are generated by a python based simulator which is inspired by the multi-agent air traffic resource usage simulator (MATRUS) framework. The quality of prediction is measured by the correlation score and the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (AUROC) between the predicted value and simulated value. The experimental results demonstrate outstanding performance of the deep learning-based UAS density predictor. Compared to the baseline models, for simplified traffic scenario where no-fly zones and safe distance among sUASs are not considered, our model improves the prediction accuracy by up to 15.2% and its correlation score reaches 0.947. In a more realistic scenario, where the no-fly zone avoidance and the safe distance among sUASs are maintained using A* routing algorithm, our model can still achieve 0.822 correlation score. Meanwhile, the AUROC can reach 0.951 for the hot spot prediction.


The integration of computerization in the company allows the groove and access to information in the company can quickly and accurately are reinforced on all fronts. The integration of computerized currently used large companies to compete and develop is enterprise resource planning (ERP). ERP is the integration of all the process of information data on the organization into a system of software and hardware to achieve integration. distribution requirement planning (DRP) is an operating system (production, procurement, atonia material, product distribution) occurs only as a response to the scheduling planning for every operation without taking into account the status of the real-time from the corresponding operation. MSMES of skewer making machine have the name of UD. Adhi teknik of standing since the year 2008 is moving in the field of making the machine as satay. MSMES is located in Terung Kulon, Sidoarjo, East Java. This company does not have a Distribution management system so that the process of distribution of these companies are still experiencing delays and good in the process of production and distribution process company products to customers who cause the swelling production cost, the cost of distribution and becomes dissatisfied by the customer. The method of calculation DRP produce cost savings compared to the method used by the company. Besides that the interval is also more than the previous one. With ERP information system technology also accelerate the flow of information between the department and also the sale and purchase of.


Background: Ghrelin is a hormone that exhibits effects in a lot of biologic processes, such as food intake regulation, gastrointestinal motility and carbohydrate metabolism. Ghrelin is encoded by human preproghrelin gene (GHRL), reported with four exons. However, experiments suggested a new molecular structure for this gene. Objective: This study aims to clarify by a simple representation GHRL and its products, showing the variants described for this gene up to this moment. Methods: The GHRL sequence for molecular comparisons was obtained from GeneBank. The dbSNP was used to search variants and the PubMed, Scielo and Science Direct databases to investigate related studies. Results: The new molecular structure of GHRL includes a new exon 0 and an extended exon 1, located in the originally identified region of intron 1. Examples of GHRL products are signal, ghrelin and obestatin peptides and these molecules exhibit different effects on the organism. Thus, polymorphisms in these gene regions have been associated with a vast number of clinical effects, including metabolic disorders. We identified 11 genetic variations in the region of the GHRL which encodes for the signal peptide and 23 polymorphisms in the ghrelin coding region. One of them, rs34911341, has been associated with some disorders such as diabetes, hypertension and obesity. Conclusion: In this scientific article we turned GHRL a little bit more informative for readers. Furthermore we highlighted the current reported GHRL genetic variations associated to signal and ghrelin peptides, but only the variant rs34911341 has been associated with metabolic disorders.


Epidemiological studies suggest that high intake of dietary fat rich in saturated fatty acids increases the colon cancer risk whereas dietary fish oil high in omega-3 fatty acids reduces the colon cancer risk. Previously, we reported that consumption of omega-6 fatty acid rich diets such as corn oil strongly promotes azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats as compared to ingestion of a diet with equivalent amount of fat containing fish oil (HFFO) or low-fat diet (LFCO). Expression of PLK3 (Polo-like kinase-3, previously named Prk) is negatively correlated with the development of certain cancers. Ectopic expression of human PLK3 results in cell cycle arrest or induces apoptosis. To understand the role of PLK3 in colon carcinogenesis and to study the effect of types and amount of dietary fat on the expression levels of PLK3 in colon tumors, we analyzed the colon tumors and mucosa of rats administered the diets containing fish oil and corn oil for PLK mRNA expression. Here we report that expression of PLK3 was down-regulated in rat colon tumors. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that PLK3 mRNA levels were significantly lower in carcinogen (azoxymethane)-induced rat colon tumors than their uninvolved normal colonic mucosa. Among the normal mucosa isolated from rats fed on diets with various levels of fat (LFCO, or high fat diet with corn oil, HFCO, or supplemented with fish oil, HFFO), no significant changes in PLK3 mRNA expression was detected. Tumors isolated from rats fed with HFCO diet contained a very low level of PLK3 mRNA expression. Interestingly, tumors from rats fed the HFFO diet did not exhibit as dramatic down-regulation of PLK3 as the tumors of animals fed the HFCO diet. Furthermore, our results also indicate that the ectopic expression of a kinase active PLK3 construct induced apoptosis in HT-29 colon carcinoma cells. These observations suggest for the first time that a decreased activity of PLK3 may play a key role in colon tumor development as well as in HFCO-induced colon tumorigenesis.


Synchronization of parallel discrete-event simulations (PDES) is a difficult problem. Despite a decade and a half of research with several successes, a synchronization algorithm that consistently performs well over a wide range of applications eludes the community. This is due primarily to the fact that the synchronization requirements of simulations are generally irregular, dynamic and unpredictable. The thesis developed here is that an adaptive approach based on the use of n ar-perfect state information (NPSI) offers significant potential to be consistently efficient. We present two contributions of our investigations into optimality of adaptive protocols: acorrectsufficient condition for a protocol to be super-critical, and proof that independence among events is not necessary for super-critical speed, an observation that has significance in lower bound theory of PDES. We establish the foundation for a new class of synchronization algorithms called NPSI adaptive synchronization algorithms (protocols). These are characterized by the use of near-perfect state information to adaptively control the optimism of processes in a PDES. We propose a design framework for NPSI protocols and describe the Elastic Time Algorithm (ETA) based on this framework. An extensive performance study shows that ETA consistently outperforms Time Warp — the protocol favored by many researchers — over a wide range of workloads. The success of ETA substantiates our thesis and is a significant contribution of our work to PDES research. In the first analytical result concerning adaptive protocols, we identify a general class of adaptive protocols (the AAWP's) and show that Time Warp and AAWP's can arbitrarily outperform each other. This result is significant as it demonstrates a theoretical limitation of AAWP's and suggests that adaptive protocols must be designed with care. Adviser: Paul F. Reynolds, Jr. Associate Professor Department of Computer Science University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA 22903


Early Greek ethics embodied in Cretan and Spartan mores, served as a model
 for Plato`s political theory. Plato theorized the contents of early Greek
 ethics, aspiring to justify and revitalize the fundamental principles of a
 traditional view of the world. However, according to Plato`s new insight,
 deed is further from the truth than a thought i.e. theory. The dorian model
 had to renounce its position to the perfect prototype of a righteous state,
 which is a result of the inner logic of philosophical theorizing in early
 Greek ethics. Prototype and model of philosophical reflection, in comparison
 to philosophical theory, becomes minor and deficient. Philosophical
 theorizing of early Greek ethics philosophically formatted Greek heritage,
 initiating substantial changes to the content of traditional ethics.
 Replacement of the myth with ontology, as a new foundation of politics,
 transformed early Greek ethics in various relevant ways. [Projekat
 Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 179049]


A new twenty-freedom non-linear dynamic model for two-span dissymmetric elastic rotor system was established by considering the crack fault, rub-impact fault and oil film force. The complex motion characteristics of this system were numerically studied and the effect of different parameters on the system is investigated. Moreover, the both cases with and without crack fault were discussed in detail. The results indicate that the system has obvious single-period, period-doubling bifurcation and chaos phenomena. There are marked influences of the crack faults on the nonlinear characteristics of the system, especially under some the rotating speed. The case considering crack faults has different chaos region from the case without crack fault. The chaos phenomenon appears at lower rotating speed, and when the chaos comes again, the corresponding rotating speed extends backwards. Synchronously, the influence of crack fault increases along with the depth of crack. The results may provide theoretical references for rotor fault diagnosis.


Palmprint contains rich unique features such as lines and textures for reliable personal authentication. There have been a number of methods proposed for palmprint recognition in recent years. However, most existing palmprint feature descriptors only extract single-type features, which usually can not completely represent the multiple information of a palmprint. In this paper, we propose a novel joint multiple-type features encoding method, which jointly extracts and encodes the important direction and texture features for palmprint recognition. Specifically, we first extract both the dominant direction and the gradient change data to respectively describe the direction and texture features of a palmprint. Unlike the existing methods that directly extract features from single pixel, we extract both the direction and texture features among the local patch by using a majority voting scheme so that the extracted multiple-type features are more accurate and reliable. Finally, we jointly encode the multiple-type features into decimal feature code, and pool them into block-wise histogram feature descriptor for palmprint representation and recognition. Extensive experimental results on the baseline palmprint databases, including the CASIA, IITD and TJU databases, demonstrate the competitive effectiveness of the proposed method.


Eukaryotic cells respond to accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by activating the unfolded protein response (UPR), a signal transduction pathway that communicates between the ER and the nucleus. In yeast, a large set of UPR target genes has been experimentally determined, but the previously characterized unfolded protein response element (UPRE), an upstream activating sequence (UAS) found in the promoter of the UPR target gene KAR2, cannot account for the transcriptional regulation of most genes in this set. To address this puzzle, we analyzed the promoters of UPR target genes computationally, identifying as candidate UASs short sequences that are statistically overrepresented. We tested the most promising of these candidate UASs for biological activity, and identified two novel UPREs, which are necessary and sufficient for UPR activation of promoters. A genetic screen for activators of the novel motifs revealed that the transcription factor Gcn4p plays an essential and previously unrecognized role in the UPR: Gcn4p and its activator Gcn2p are required for induction of a majority of UPR target genes during ER stress. Both Hac1p and Gcn4p bind target gene promoters to stimulate transcriptional induction. Regulation of Gcn4p levels in response to changing physiological conditions may function as an additional means to modulate the UPR. The discovery of a role for Gcn4p in the yeast UPR reveals an additional level of complexity and demonstrates a surprising conservation of the signaling circuit between yeast and metazoan cells.


A smart building energy system usually contains multiple energy sources such as power grids, autonomous generators, renewable resources, storage devices, and schedulable loads. Storage devices such as batteries, ice/heat storage units, and water tanks play an important role in reducing energy cost in building energy systems since they can help sufficiently utilize renewable energy resources and time-of-use electricity prices. It is important to plan, schedule, and coordinate all the storage devices together with schedulable loads in a building facilitated by microgrid technology. To consider the above problem with uncertainties in solar radiation and demand profiles, a stochastic optimization problem is formulated and solved by the scenario tree method. The best combination and the optimal capacities of storage devices for specific building energy systems are then determined. Furthermore, the optimal operating strategy of building energy systems can be obtained. The performance analysis on the storage devices is conducted and the numerical results show that thermal storage devices (e.g., ice storage units, water tanks) are good for saving energy costs but batteries may not be economical due to their high investment cost and short lifetime. It is also observed that the aforementioned uncertainties have an impact on selecting which type and capacity of storage device should be used.


This research explores parallels, connections and synergies between public art, artistic practice beyond the gallery context, and Web 2.0, the Internet platform for user‐ generated content, online communication medium and host for web-based communities. I look at the impact, actual and potential, of Web 2.0 on the ways in which public art is made. Through Web 2.0 a different set of criteria and methods can be established in order to re-examine the practice of art. What can public art learn from Web 2.0? What are the possible debates that Web 2.0 can provoke in the field of public art? What novel forms of audience engagement with, and participation in, public art could be inspired by the practices of co-creation and sharing integral to Web 2.0? Has the relationship between artists and audience changed because of Web 2.0? Web 2.0 prompts us to reconsider the ways in which public art is produced. In my approach I take into consideration that Web 2.0 is useful in expanding the possibilities of public art by providing a unique opportunity for shared creativity in the public space. I call this field Public Art 2.0. This study considers the attributes of Web 2.0 as a methodological framework for public art. It offers a reconsideration of the understanding of the contentious issues surrounding the practice using Web 2.0 as a platform of shared creativity. To validate this argument further, this research investigates two case studies: the Big Art Mob (2006) and the Bubble Project (2002). Both initiatives represent an area where public art and Web 2.0 intersect. This thesis includes a report of findings from qualitative interviews with members


Wave phenomena can be artificially engineered by scattering from metasurfaces, which aids in the design of radio-frequency and optical devices for wireless communication, sensing, imaging, wireless power transfer and bio/medical applications. Scattering responses vary with changing frequency; conversely, they remain unchanged at a constant frequency, which has been a long-standing limitation in the design of devices leveraging wave scattering phenomena. Here, we present metasurfaces that can scatter incident waves according to two variables - the frequency and pulse width - in multiple bands. Significantly, these scattering profiles are characterized by how the frequencies are used in different time windows due to transient circuits. In particular, with coupled transient circuits, we demonstrate variable scattering profiles in response to unique frequency sequences, which can markedly increase the available frequency channels in accordance with a factorial function. Our proposed concept, which is analogous to frequency hopping in wireless communication, advances wave engineering in electromagnetics and related fields.


Collaboration is one of the four important 21st-century skills. With the pervasive use of sensors, interest on co-located collaboration (CC) has increased lately. Most related literature used the audio modality to detect indicators of collaboration (such as total speaking time and turn taking). CC takes place in physical spaces where group members share their social (i.e., non-verbal audio indicators like speaking time, gestures) and epistemic space (i.e., verbal audio indicators like the content of the conversation). Past literature has mostly focused on the social space to detect the quality of collaboration. In this study, we focus on both social and epistemic space with an emphasis on the epistemic space to understand different evolving collaboration patterns and collaborative convergence and quantify collaboration quality. We conduct field trials by collecting audio recordings in 14 different sessions in a university setting while the university staff and students collaborate over playing a board game to design a learning activity. This collaboration task consists of different phases with each collaborating member having been assigned a pre-fixed role. We analyze the collected group speech data to do role-based profiling and visualize it with the help of a dashboard.


The resting zone of the postnatal growth plate is organized by slow-cycling chondrocytes expressing parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), which include a subgroup of skeletal stem cells that contribute to the formation of columnar chondrocytes. The PTHrP–indian hedgehog (Ihh) feedback regulation is essential for sustaining growth plate activities; however, molecular mechanisms regulating cell fates of PTHrP+ resting chondrocytes and their eventual transformation into osteoblasts remain largely undefined. Here, in a mouse model, we utilized a tamoxifen-inducible PTHrP-creER line with Patched-1 (Ptch1) floxed and tdTomato reporter alleles to specifically activate Hedgehog signaling in PTHrP+ resting chondrocytes and trace the fate of their descendants. Hedgehog-activated PTHrP+ chondrocytes formed large concentric clonally expanded cell populations within the resting zone ('patched roses') and generated significantly wider columns of chondrocytes, resulting in hyperplasia of the growth plate. Interestingly, Hedgehog-activated PTHrP+ cell-descendants migrated away from the growth plate and eventually transformed into trabecular osteoblasts in the diaphyseal marrow space in the long term. Therefore, Hedgehog activation drives resting zone chondrocytes into transit-amplifying states as proliferating chondrocytes and eventually converts these cells into osteoblasts, unraveling a novel Hedgehog-mediated mechanism that facilitates osteogenic cell fates of PTHrP+ skeletal stem cells.


Neonicotinoid insecticides are widespread in surface waters across the agriculturally intensive Midwestern United States. We report for the first time the presence of three neonicotinoids in finished drinking water and demonstrate their general persistence during conventional water treatment. Periodic tap water grab samples were collected at the University of Iowa over 7 weeks in 2016 (May–July) after maize/soy planting. Clothianidin, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam were ubiquitously detected in finished water samples at concentrations ranging from 0.24 to 57.3 ng/L. Samples collected along the University of Iowa treatment train indicate no apparent removal of clothianidin or imidacloprid, with modest thiamethoxam removal (∼50%). In contrast, the concentrations of all neonicotinoids were substantially lower in the Iowa City treatment facility finished water using granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration. Batch experiments investigated potential losses. Thiamethoxam losses are due to base-catalyzed hydrol...


ABSTRACT Live vaccination with Anaplasma marginale subsp. centrale (synonym for Anaplasma centrale) induces protection against severe disease upon challenge with A. marginale sensu stricto strains. Despite over a century of field use, the targets of protective immunity remained unknown. Using a broad proteomic approach, we identified the proteins in a challenge sensu stricto strain that were bound by the relevant antibody isotype induced by live vaccination with Anaplasma marginale subsp. centrale. A core of 15 proteins was identified in vaccinated animals across multiple major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotypes. This core separated into two structural/functional classes: "housekeeping" proteins involved in replication and metabolism and outer membrane proteins (OMPs). Orthologous proteins of both classes were identified within the vaccine strain and among sensu stricto strains. In contrast to the broad conservation among strains in the sequences of the housekeeping proteins, there was significantly greater divergence in the OMPs and greater divergence in both OMP sequences and the encoding locus structure between the vaccine strain and the sensu stricto strains than among the sensu stricto strains. The OMPs bound by live vaccine-induced antibody overlapped with OMPs that were immunogenic in animals vaccinated with inactivated vaccines and subsequently protected against bacteremia and disease. The identification of this core set of OMPs is consistent with the hypothesis that "subdominant" immunogens are required for vaccine-induced protection against A. marginale and provides clear direction for development of a safer, more effective vaccine.


Free-standing line patterns of Cu and Ni were manufactured by electrochemical deposition into lithographically prepared patterns. Electrodeposition was carried out on top of a highly <111> oriented Au-layer physically vapor deposited on glass. Quantitative texture analysis carried out by means of X-ray diffraction for both the substrate layer and the electrodeposits yielded experimental evidence for epitaxy between Cu and Au. An orientation relation between film and substrate was discussed with respect to various concepts of epitaxy. While the conventional mode of epitaxy fails for the Cu-Au-system, it is shown that the experimentally observed orientation relation can be conceived as a 30º rotation of Cu (111) grown on Au (111) (rotational epitaxy).


The comparison of an improved conventional batch mode synthesis of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib with its flow chemistry alternative is reported. The stepwise and continuous flow synthesis of celecoxib was achieved by means of a Claisen condensation to access 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(4-methyl-phenyl)-butane-1,3-dione followed by a cyclo-condensation reaction with 4-sulfamidophenylhydrazine hydrochloride to obtain the pyrazole moiety. A batch process was developed with improved work-up and purification (90% yield). This was successfully translated to flow in yields of 90–96% with greatly shortened reaction times (20 h vs. 1 h) and reduced chemical exposure.


E-agriculture, i.e., Information and communication
technology (ICT) in agriculture enriches the agriculture and
brings rural development. Due to this upbringing of information
and communication technology, agricultural production has
increased and also enhancing the market which indicates a
complete change of makeover. Indian farming is revolutionized
and all farmers including small landholders are benefited
through the use of ICT in agriculture. ICT helps a lot to increase
the demand for new perspectives in agricultural field. The
present study was basically conducted in Jorhat district of Assam
during the time of 2018 and data was collected from 40 farmers
through a well structured questionnaire. The main mathematical
or statistical tools that have been used in this study are
percentages, Likert Scale and measurement of central tendency.
The present study tries to analyse the socio-economic
characteristics of the farmers which consider or use the
information and communication technology in agriculture. This
study also focuses on the farmer's attitude towards using ICT in
agriculture and also the frequency of using ICT in agriculture.
In this study, it is obtained that there are highest 37.50 percent of
farmers are small farmers with a land holding of 1-2 ha and
highest 40 percent of farmers have 16 to 20 years of farming
experience. From the analysis, it is also noticed that
majority(4.68) of farmers strongly agree with the statement that
ICT helps in community based planning by providing timely
information regarding agricultural field which is followed by the
concept of ICTs helpful for reducing the distance in Digital
Divide or Technological gap(4.63). With some statements the
farmers are strongly disagree or disagree such as ICT helps to
exchange the opinion, knowledge, experience and also the
assets(2.94) and by improving rural livelihoods ICT fill up the
social segregation gap(2.15). Again it is observed that to gaining
knowledge and information all 40 farmers are using mobile
phones as ICT very frequently.


: The previous laboratory study of joint electrical resistivity and acoustic velocity measurements is reviewed for both consolidated and unconsolidated permafrost in this paper. The relation of logarithm of resistivity log(R) and P-wave velocity V p is a concave function. An increase of temperature, fine content and salinity results in a decrease of both acoustic velocity and electrical resistivity. Electrical resistivity is sensitive to salinity, while acoustic velocity changes substantially near thawing temperature. The joint measurement results could be used to estimate unfrozen water saturation (UWS) based on Archie's law, weighted equation (WE) or Kuster-Toksoz equations (KT). However, the estimated UWS from different methods is not always consistent. The difference can be up to 20%. It might be due to the fact that UWS is not the only parameter influencing the electrical and acoustic properties. In order to obtain consistent UWS, a joint model that combines the electrical effective medium theory (EMT) and the acoustic self-consistent approximation (SCA) is proposed. In this method, UWS and aspect ratio which describes particles shape are found simultaneously from the joint SCA–EMT model. Most of the results from the proposed method are between that of Archie's law and WE method, which indicates that the electrical method might overestimate UWS and acoustic method might underestimate it.


In this paper we construct the quantum spectral curve for the quantum dynami- cal elliptic gl n Gaudin model. We realize it considering a commutative family corresponding to the Felder's elliptic quantum group E, ~(gln) and taking the appropriate limit. The approach of Manin matrices here suits well to the problem of constructing the generation function of commuting elements which plays an important role in SoV and Langlands con- cept.


The increased amount of projects with quantitative seismic interpretation over the last years made clear, that there is an urgent need to acquire high quality well data for p- and s-wave velocities as well as density. These data are required to tie the seismic response quantitatively to physically effective changes in the reservoir properties. Within the frames of a pilot project, we started to record high end well log data in a number of wells in the Orenburg region to prove the potential and the value of this type of information. First results of the evaluation of the data are presented in the recent paper. For a high quality of quantitative seismic interpretation, in addition to the p-wave velocity, the shear wave and the Stoneley proved to be extremely informative, especially for lithology estimation, porosity prediction and the definition of permeable reservoir intervals. To make use of the full potential of seismic inversion techniques, the complex of modern logging curves has to be acquired at least in a number of key wells for exploration and production, in order to provide a reliable calibration data base to extract meaningful attributes out of the seismic data.


In these fourteen stories Gerald Vizenor leads his crossblood characters out of romantic thickets into a new tribal world of psychotaxidermy, laser holograms, and urban ceremonies. Dancing with tricksters, animals, and language is never dangerous in this collection. With the comic pleasures of tribal tricksters, Vizenor s fantastic characters arise from the burdens of racialism and noble savagism. Martin Bear Charme, in the title story, owns a reservation and conducts seminars on refuse meditation, pantribal fantasies, and animal languages. He restores the sublime connections between the refuse and the refusers, and earns a fortune at the same time. Almost Browne, another crossblood transformer, was born in the back seat of a hatchback, matured with computers, and projects laser demons over the reservation. Other crossbloods win a summer ice sculpture contest, own sovereign sections of interstate highways, and discover instant coffee."


Transforming waste or recycled materials into value-added products is of high priority today. Wood plastic composites (WPCs) show high potential for the use of recycled materials in making durable composites. The applicability of WPC panels produced from recycled materials (ultralight foam core particleboards) for exterior building application was tested using wood-destroying basidiomycetes. The results showed that the panels were fully resistant against Coniophora puteana (Cp) and Gloeophyllum trabeum (Gt), but not very resistant against Pleurotus ostreatus (Po). The decay susceptibility index of Po-exposed specimens showed that the polystyrene-bonded (PS) samples were more resistant than solid beech wood samples that were used as references, followed by melamine-urea formaldehyde-bonded samples. A comparison with the reference samples also showed that the panel density had a significant influence on the panel's resistance against basidiomycetes. The higher the panel density, the more resistance will be achieved in the panel.


Objective By neutralizing IL-9 in a nude mouse model, the study aimed to investigate the role of Th9/IL-9 on the growth of gastric cancer in mice. Materials and methods Male BALB/c nude mice were randomly divided into three groups: a normal control group (Control), an SGC-7901 xenografted nude mice model group (Model), and a rIL-9 treatment group (Treat). The weight of the tumors was recorded to calculate the tumor inhibition rate. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell frequency of Th9, Th17, and Treg in peripheral blood. The IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, IL-25, VEGF, and TGF-β levels in serum were determined by ELISA. The cellular migration and invasion were investigated by transwell assay. Immunohistochemical and Western blot were used to detect the expression of IL-9, CD34, PU.1, p53, and p21 proteins in gastric cancer tissue. The mRNA expression levels of IL-9, IL-21, and PU.1 in gastric cancer tissue were determined by qRT-PCR. Result rIL-9 can significantly inhibit the growth of gastric cancer. The frequency of Th9, Th17, and Treg in peripheral blood was decreased upon treatment. The levels of IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, IL-25, VEGF, and TGF-β in serum were significantly reduced in the Treat group compared with the Model group (P<0.05). rIL-9 can inhibit cellular migration and invasion and reduce the mRNA level of IL-9, IL-21, and PU.1. Meanwhile, in the Treat group, the expression of IL-9, CD34, and PU.1 was significantly reduced, whereas the expression of p53 and p21 was significantly increased compared with the Model group (P<0.05). Conclusion This study suggested that Th9/IL-9 has a deleterious role in gastric cancer.


This Research work is Titled the Legal Impacts of Pandemic on Natural Resources and Petroleum Contracts. Despite significant medical progress over the last centuries, infectious diseases such as COVID-19 pandemic and Ebola still represent significant threats to modern societies. While some have been fought successfully and are only found within a few geographical areas, others have the ability to spread quickly from an initially limited outbreak, becoming epidemics or pandemics. The first and most crucial aspect of an epidemic or pandemic is, and will always remain;human suffering and the loss of lives. Nevertheless, the spread of a virus can also have important economic implications. A number of studies focusing on this aspect of the impact of epidemics and pandemics have found that the effects across the economy can be significant. The oil and gas segment are no exception. The paper contended that Coronavirus pandemic had revealed many weaknesses in the world's major economies, and its attendant effect is conspicuously visible and cut across several institutions and industries: from the financial institutions to health, agriculture, tourism and hospitality, electricity, oil and gas. This has resulted in unprecedented total lockdown of cities, lower working hours, staggered and declining production, fewer processing, sub-optimal manufacturing and priority distribution. The study recommends policies that are going concern in nature and a well-thought-out stimulus package, which is not selective in its applications, could ensure that the industry is able to bounce back much quicker than expected. Diversification priorities to alternative sectors such as agriculture, solid minerals, manufacturing and services sectors should be further intensified and also, the full deregulation of the downstream oil and gas sector. The methodology employed in this research work is basically doctrinal. Materials from journals and the internet were considerably utilized.