The development of a sound understanding of financial and economic crises phenomena must be considered an important goal within the scope of citizenship, economic and social science education. As with every other educational endeavour, this intention requires solid information about what informal conceptions learners hold about this specific aspect of reality. However, even though this necessity is widely acknowledged, respective theoretical and empirical research is rather scarce. The research to be presented here aims to contribute to filling this gap by exploring variations in young Germans' common-sense conceptions of financial and economic crises phenomena. The research activities adhere to a comprehensive view of how economic issues should be involved in education. Moreover, a phenomenographic research approach is adopted. This approach was implemented in an interview study with 56 secondary school students in Baden-Wurttemberg (Germany). Besides this study, the paper also considers evidence from German survey data. In the interview study, four different conceptions (i.e., denial of the crisis, magical thinking, optimism, realism) could be reconstructed, which vary with respect to whether students' awareness of specific facets of the crisis was given or not. In addition, from this study as well as from the survey data, an excessively optimistic attitude was stated in young Germans. This attitude, however, seems to be more a symptom of insecurity and overstrain than a manifestation of a profound comprehension. These results are discussed with regard to the design of formal curricula and instruction.


For the past several decades, jurists have invested significant efforts in developing the law in general, and private law, in particular, in terms of pluralism. However, the conceptualization of corporate law and governance according to pluralist principles rarely exists. This Article is the first in the legal literature to address this deficiency by providing a unique pluralist theory of corporate governance regimes, based on social systems thinking and the framework of complexity that is rooted in the natural sciences and has since spread to social disciplines, as well. The complexity framework perceives organizations as a subset of social systems that represent a sophisticated web of interconnectivity between human beings and their environment. Organizations are made of interactive, adaptive agents, groups, and departments, that communicate with one another through feedback mechanisms. The features of such exchanges, and their normative implications, may significantly differ between numerous companies that operate in various industries. Accordingly, the complexity framework provides theoretical grounds for skepticism about any policies or structures that are applicable to all times and all contexts. Therefore, rather than perceiving corporate governance as being identically applicable to all corporations, the law must meet the challenge of complexity by designing contextual governance arrangements, following a firm-specific perspective. I believe that the versatility of companies' characteristics indicates that a "one-size-fits-all" approach should be avoided, and a contextual approach should be embraced when crafting tailor-made law. Furthermore, I argue that in conditions of complexity, corporate governance eco-systems should be designed with a firm-specific perspective that incorporates the effect of the corporation participants' heterogeneity, the heterogeneity of its internal power relations, and the heterogeneity of industries on their performance. These novel arguments have profound implications for redesigning fundamental legal doctrines—such as fiduciary duties of controlling shareholders; regulation of related party transactions; the company objective; and officers' duty of care in different legal systems.


The levels of the thyrotropic and thyroid hormones were studied in the serum of 115 persons going in for jogging and in 271 persons not going in for jogging, using a radioimmunoassay. Jogging was shown to cause an increase in blood T3 concentration. The author discussed the role of the thyroid hormones in the regulation of oxygen supply of tissues, shifts in water, electrolytic and carbohydrate metabolisms, and lipid levels in persons going in for jogging.


The courts of constitutional justice can recognize a normative legal act or its individual provision as not complying with the constitution. Thus, such an act (or provision) can be removed from the legal system of the state. Meanwhile, there are the following controversial issues: - legal consequences of the adoption of such a decision; - actions of subjects of law-making activity to eliminate the unconstitutionality of legal regulation. In this regard, the issue of the role of judicial decisionism in ensuring the sustainability of legal regulation is also of interest. This study analyzes the current legislation (governing the elimination of unconstitutionality of legal regulation), as well as the prevailing judicial practice and doctrinal studies on this topic. The article examines the problems of imposing a constitutional obligation to eliminate the unconstitutionality of regulation and judicial decisionism. To determine the general trends in this problem, the experience of other states, both legislation and practice, is studied. For a better understanding, the problem is examined through the prism of a parliamentary system, democratic values and the relevant constitutional proceedings. After an act is recognized as unconstitutional, society loses the opportunity to exercise its rights in the absence of relevant mechanisms. One of the research aims is to define the subject responsible for filling the gaps in the legislation.


There is a wide spread usage of hardware design languages (HDL) to speed up the time to market for the design of modern digital systems. Verification engineers can simulate hardware in order to verify its performance and correctness with help of an HDL. However, simulation can't keep pace with the growth in size and complexity of circuits and has become a bottleneck of the design process. Distributed HDL simulation on a cluster of workstations has the potential to provide a cost effective solution to this problem. We describe the design and implementation of DVS, an object-oriented framework for distributed Verilog simulation. Verilog is an HDL which sees wide industrial use. DVS is an outgrowth of clustered time warp, originally developed for logic simulation. The design of the framework emphasizes simplicity and extensibility and aims to accommodate experiments involving partitioning and dynamic load balancing. Preliminary results obtained by simulating a 16 bit multiplier are presented.


The respiratory tract represents the key target for antiviral delivery in early interventions to prevent severe COVID-19. While neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAb) possess considerable efficacy, their current reliance on parenteral dosing necessitates very large doses and places a substantial burden on the healthcare system. In contrast, direct inhaled delivery of mAb therapeutics offers the convenience of self-dosing at home, as well as much more efficient mAb delivery to the respiratory tract. Here, building on our previous discovery of Fc-mucin interactions crosslinking viruses to mucins, we showed that regdanvimab, a potent neutralizing mAb already approved for COVID-19 in several countries around the world, can effectively trap SARS-CoV-2 virus-like-particles in fresh human airway mucus. IN-006, a reformulation of Regdanvimab, was stably nebulized across a wide range of concentrations, with no loss of activity and no formation of aggregates. Finally, nebulized delivery of IN-006 resulted in 100-fold greater mAb levels in the lungs of rats compared to serum, in marked contrast to intravenously dosed mAbs. These results not only support our current efforts to evaluate the safety and efficacy of IN-006 in clinical trials, but more broadly substantiate nebulized delivery of human antiviral mAbs as a new paradigm in treating SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathologies.


For precisely controlling the bias position of an electro-hydraulic vibration exciter, a scheme of a parallel mechanism of a two-dimensional valve (2D valve) and a servo valve is proposed. In the low frequency section, the mathematical model of the electro-hydraulic vibration exciter is simplified reasonably. A vibration central position is first analytically derived by assuming that 2D valve connected with parallel valve is equivalent to a single slide valve with neutral positive opening and the time-average flow rate through them is identical. And then the analytic solutions to excited waveforms superimposed on the bias position are further obtained. Finally, the experimental system is built to verify the theoretical analysis. The results reveal that this approximate analytical solution could describe excited waveform of bias control on electro-hydraulic vibration exciter. When the opening area of 2D valve is a constant, the bias position follows a linear relation with the throttling areas of the parallel valve which is no more than the maximum position. The excited waveform is close to the sinusoidal waveform. At the same opening area of the parallel valve, the bias position is reduced as the area coefficient of 2D valve increases. The proposed scheme not only ensures the frequency and the amplitude to be controlled independently but also the bias position to be adjusted precisely.


In recent years, the incidence of acute myocardial infarction has declined, but instead, admissions for angina and chest pain have increased substantially. Using data from the Scottish morbidity record, 225 512 first hospitalisations for suspected acute coronary syndrome were recently analysed.1 Between 1990 and 2000, population hospitalisation rates for angina increased by 79%, and for chest pain by 110%, while hospitalisations for acute myocardial infarction declined by 33%. Possible reasons for this apparent shift might be a move from presentation with infarction to angina, but also "threshold" changes for admission and diagnosis. Whatever the cause, however, this increase in hospitalisations for angina and chest pain has obvious implications for resources, finances and services.

Observation units for chest pain to avoid admission for non-coronary chest pain have been established, both to reduce waiting times for assessment and to improve risk stratification. Chest pain clinics have been demonstrated to be efficient. Use of a chest pain observation unit reduced the proportion of patients admitted from 54% to 37% and the proportion discharged with acute coronary syndrome from 14% to 6%, while rates of cardiac events were unchanged, and costs were lowered, implying that this mode of delivering care may be an improvement on routine care for this large group of patients,2 although a need for further evaluation of this strategy has been identified.3 However, while patients with coronary disease may be identified and managed more efficiently, the majority of patients are discharged …


Identification of new players in iron metabolism, such as hepcidin, which regulates ferroportin and divalent metal transporter 1 expression, has improved our knowledge of iron metabolism and iron-related diseases. However, from both experimental data and clinical findings, "iron-related proteins" appear to also be involved in the metabolism of other metals, especially divalent cations. Reports have demonstrated that some metals may affect, directly or indirectly, the expression of proteins involved in iron metabolism. Throughout their lives, individuals are exposed to various metals during personal and/or occupational activities. Therefore, better knowledge of the connections between iron and other metals could improve our understanding of iron-related diseases, especially the variability in phenotypic expression, as well as a variety of diseases in which iron metabolism is secondarily affected. Controlling the metabolism of other metals could represent a promising innovative therapeutic approach.


Objective: To correlate the mean placental thickness with the gestational age estimated by fetal growth parameters in normal singleton pregnancy.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Quetta Pakistan, from Feb to Aug 2020.
Methodology: All patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria at the Department of Radiology, Combined Military Hospital Quetta were included. After taking informed written consent and history, transabdominal-ultrasonography using a low frequency 3-5 MHz curved array transducer was done to assess the outcome.
Result: A total of 100 women with a singleton pregnancy were included. The mean age of women was 28.100 ± 3.349 years. The mean placental thickness (PT) was 29.785 ± 5.700 mm. A significant positive correlation of placental thickness was noted with gestational age with a Pearson Correlation of 0.985 and p-value of 0.001.
Conclusion: Placental thickness has a linear relationship with gestational age. Placental thickness in millimeters can be an essential parameter for estimating gestational age.


BACKGROUND
Idiopathic perianal pruritus is a poorly managed condition. Topical corticosteroids are effective in idiopathic perianal pruritus, but they may cause some side effects. In this study, the effectiveness of topical steroids were compared with perianal cleansers in the treatment of idiopathic perianal pruritus.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Seventy two patients with the complaint of perianal pruritus were evaluated; 60 of the 72 patients were found to be idiopathic. Twenty eight patients were treated with topical steroids and 32 patients were treated only with a liquid cleanser.

RESULTS
At the end of this two week period, cleansers were found to be as effective as topical corticosteroids.

CONCLUSION
This study shows that perianal cleansers can be used as a safe first step treatment in idiopathic perianal pruritus.


Software is becoming increasingly important and pervasive in healthcare. Deads and injuries, recalls related to the medical software, defective medical device statistics justify the practical dimension of the issue and needs to search ways seeking reduce possibility to arise injuries and deaths. Decision to release medical software to the market is very important not only to the manufacturer (design and development organization), but also for direct and indirect users (doctors and patients) and for all society, which is using national medical system with integrity information technologies possibilities. Manufacturers of medical devices assume responsibility for the correct functioning of medical devices and medical software manufacturer should assume responsibility for medical decisions making and medical decision influence on patient. This responsibility is related not only to the legal and financial risk, but also to the socially responsible business commitments. Software developing companies does not have knowledges about the conditions, which can assure medical software confidence before the release to the market. Such situations stops entrepreneur involvement in the medical software creating area.


Electric Vehicles represent an important and futuristic alternative to conventional vehicles. However, the effect of charging electric vehicles on electric grids must be taken into account to prevent accidental overloading of the distribution grid due to simultaneous charging/discharging of electric vehicles. As electric vehicles gain more popularity with consumers, power companies and utilities must be prepared for the added load. To assist in this preparation, power companies will need accurate load forecasting algorithms. This paper presents the development of an algorithm that forecasts the load for Battery Electric Vehicles, or BEVs at 15 minute intervals for any day between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2023. The forecast algorithm uses the projected BEV growth rate, the population of the parking lot or garage of inquiry, and a probability distribution which relates the state of charge (SOC) of the vehicle's battery to the percent of EV owners that require such charging daily. After development of the algorithm, simulations of the projected load population were performed in MATLAB. These results present the BEV load from each incoming population wave as an exponentially decaying function with a peak proportional to the size of the electric vehicle population. The developed approach can be applied easily to any parking lot or garage by identifying population wave sizes and their arrival times and applying the SOC probability distribution to each incoming wave.


Recent theoretical work suggests that government policies may in°uence the quality mix of a commodity. This paper provides empirical evidence of quality responses to government policies for wheat policy implemented in France. Analysis is conducted using a detailed data set that includes the class, a measure of varietal importance (area of land used for seed multiplication), quality measures, and experimental yields for each wheat variety grown in France between 1973 and 1999. Results show statistically signi¯cant changes in the distribution of wheat produced across quality classes, and in quality and yield indexes, occurring at times of important policy changes.


Elevated plasma levels of homocysteine (Hcy) are a risk factor for systemic vascular diseases, stroke and vascular dementia. In recent years, increasing Hcy levels have been detected in neurological disorders that are not vascular in origin including Alzheimer's Disease and movement disorders (MD) such as idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (PD), Huntington's Disease (HD) and primary dystonia. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in PD results from L-Dopa administration and its O-methylation dependent from catechol-O-methyltransferase and may be implicated in the development of motor complications and non-motor symptoms, such as dementia. In a recent study, HHcy has been evidenced in HD patients, compared to controls. Because mutated Huntington protein influences Hcy metabolism by modulating cystathionine-beta-synthase activity, Hcy could represent a biological marker of neurodegeneration and could explain the leading role of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases as causes of death in HD. Finally, several cases of homocystinuria associated with dystonia, and some recent reports of elevated Hcy in patients with primary adult onset dystonia have been published. Increased Hcy plasma levels may have important implications in patients affected by these basal ganglia disturbances, by exerting neurotoxic effects, contributing to neurotransmitter imbalance in motor circuits, and increasing the risk for vascular insults and cognitive dysfunctions.


High energy physics research facilities require a vast cryogenic infrastructure to cool superconducting magnets, superconducting RF cavities, and other components to their necessary operational temperatures. The temperature sensors used to monitor this infrastructure are invariably exposed to leakage radiation in varying doses depending upon their location. Compared to many other cryogenic temperature sensors, platinum resistance thermometers (PRTs) and silicon diode thermometers (SiDTs) have the advantages of adhering to standard curves and requiring a single fixed current for operation. This work examines the gamma radiation-induced calibration offsets on two PRT models, the ceramic encapsulated PT-103 and the glass encapsulated PT-111, and a SiDT model DT-670-SD, all manufactured by Lake Shore Cryotronics. Subgroups of each model were subjected to a gamma radiation dose ranging from 10 kGy to 5 MGy with temperature calibrations performed pre- and post-irradiation over their respective operating ranges. The data were analyzed in terms of the temperature-equivalent change in the measured parameter. The PRTs behaved very well in radiation with the PT-103 and PT-111 subgroup average offsets for all tested irradiation levels being less than ±25 mK and ±35 mK respectively over the 20 K to 325 K temperature range. The SiDT model DT-670-SD behavior was more complicated with a clear change in response at 30 K. Below 30 K, the offsets consistently increased from slightly positive to roughly -5 K as the radiation dose increased. Above 30 K, the induced offset had nearly saturated at 10 kGy ranging from about 0 K at 30 K to +23 K at 300 K, and exhibiting that same behavior and offset for all higher radiation doses. Equivalent temperature offset data over the sensors' operating temperature ranges are presented by sensor model and total gamma dose.


Atopic dermatitis holds the first place among children's allergic diseases. One of its proven ethiopathogenetic factors is parasitosis, affecting the course of dermatoses and leading to frequent recurrences and chronization of dermal processes. Objective Studying the frequency of atopic dermatitis and giardiasis occurrence in children. Materials and Methods In 2007–2011, 173 children aged 3–17 have been examined, who underwent treatment for atopic dermatitis in the Clinical Hospital of Simferopol. Their diagnosis were verified based on the patients' complaints, histories, clinical, biochemical and instrumental examinations. Discussion Out of 173 examined children, 46 were diagnosed with giardiasis. Apart from typical symptoms of allergy, clinical findings included skin manifestations inherent to giardiasis: paleness, cheilitis, hyperkeratosis follicularis punctata and prolonged skin itching. As a result of reflex and toxicoallergic actions of Giardia, a syndrome of chronic endointoxication has prompted emergence of dyskinesia of the gallbladder and sphincter apparatus in 75% of patients with subsequent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract (in 48% of patients). That further increased an antigenic load on their immune systems. SCORAD index in 22 infected children showed moderate severity of atopic dermatitis, whereas 18 patients proved to have a severe form. Conclusion The analysis has shown that 27% of patients with atopic dermatitis were infected with giardiasis. These data require a use of a complex approach to the therapy of atopic dermatitis, more thorough examination of children for any pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly, the examination of helminths.


The evolution of a quantum system is governed by the associated Hamiltonian. A system defined by a parameter-dependent Hamiltonian acquires a geometric phase when adiabatically evolved. Such an adiabatic evolution of a system having non-degenerate quantum states gives the well-studied Berry phase. Lounguet-Higgins and co-workers discovered a geometric phase when considering the Jahn-Teller distortion described by the nuclear coordinates traversing a closed path about the point of intersection of the electronic potential energy surfaces. Under such a condition, the Born-Oppenheimer wave function undergoes a sign change corresponding to an introduced global phase of $\pi$ radian. This change further introduces a multiple valuedness in the wavefunction which may be removed by adding a vector potential like term in the Hamiltonian for the nuclear motion giving the Molecular Aharonov Bohm effect. Here, we demonstrate a scheme to evaluate the introduced global phase for the molecular system considered by Longuet-Higgins and propose methods as the first principle to do the same in more complex examples for the molecular Hamiltonian on a quantum computer.


Ni-Fe-La 0.8 Sr 0.2 Ga 0.8 Mg 0.115 Co 0.085 O 3 anodes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) fueled with dimethyl ether (DME) were prepared. The molar ratio of Ni to Fe was 9/1, 8/2, 7/3, and 5/5, respectively, and the weight percentage of Ni-Fe in the electrode was 75%. The increase in the amount of Fe improved the sintering of the electrode, which led to a change in the microstructure of the electrode and electrode/electrolyte interface dramatically. The electrodes showed good activity and stability for DME oxidation without obvious coke deposition, which could be a kind of novel anode for DME SOFCs based on lanthanum gallate electrolytes.


For induction of anaesthesia many agents are administered intravenously, anaphylactic reaction can occur to anyof these agents. Neuromuscular blocking agents are most commonly implicated as the cause of anaphylactic reaction in anaesthesia practice. Amino-steroids, benzylisoquinoliniums and suxamethonium are being commonly used for intubation and perioperative muscle relaxation. We are presenting a case of anaphylactic reaction to benzylisoquinolinium i.e. atracurium in a young patient. The patient was revived with a prompt diagnosis and treatment.
 ,  .


A series of metal-organic framework (MOF) materials has been prepared, each containing a mechanically interlocked molecule (MIM) as the linker and a copper(II) paddlewheel as the secondary building unit (SBU). The MIM linkers are [2]rotaxanes with varying sizes of crown ether macrocycles ([22]crown-6, 22C6; [24]crown-6, 24C6; [26]crown-6, 26C6; benzo[24]crown-6, B24C6) and an anilinium-based axle containing four carboxylate donor groups. Herein, the X-ray structures of MOFs UWCM-1 (no crown) and UWDM-1(22) are compared and demonstrate the effect of including a macrocycle around the axle of the linker. The rotaxane linkers are linear and result in nbo-type MOFs with void space that allows for motion of the interlocked macrocycle inside the MOF pores, while the macrocycle-free linker is bent and yields a MOF with a novel 12-connected bcc structure. Variable temperature (2)H solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance showed that the macrocycles in UWDM-1(22), UWDM-1(24), and UWDM-1(B24) undergo different degrees and rates of rotation depending on the size and shape of the macrocycle.


Modera, Through field studies in large commercial buildings and reviews of building plans, we investigated the effective leakage areas (ELAs), air-leakage rates, and conduction heat gains of duct systems. Different methods for measuring air-leakage rates were also compared. ELAs-of supply ducts ranged from 0.4 to 2.0 cm 2 per square meter of floor area served, and from 1.0 to 4.8 cm 2 per square meter of duct surface area. On a per-unit-floor-area basis, these duct ELAs are comparable to the values measured in residences. The corresponding values of duct leakage class were 60 to 270, much higher than the range of 3 to 12 reported by ASHRAE as attainable for quality duct construction and sealing practices when leakage at connections to duct-mounted equipment is not considered. The measured air-leakage rates as a percentage of the inlet air flow rate varied from 0% to 30%, with most of the measurements falling between 10% and 20%. Large inconsistencies among the air-leakage rates determined from different measurement procedures exemplify the need for further development and evaluation of measurement methods. Heat gains between the outlet of the cooling coils and the supply registers caused supply-air temperatures to increase, on average, by 0.6°C to 2°C. The corresponding values of conduction effectiveness were 0.75 to 0.90; thus, heat conduction decreased the cooling capacity of the supply air exiting registers by 10% to 25%. Because these results are based on studies in only a few buildings, generalizations from these findings are premature.


Background There is growing evidence indicating that children are less affected from COVID-19. Some authors speculate that childhood vaccinations may provide some cross-protection against COVID-19. In this study, our aim was to compare the circulating antibody titers for multiple childhood vaccine antigens, as an indicator of the state of immune memory between patients with COVID-19 and healthy controls, with a specific aim to identify the association between disease severity and antibody titrations which may indicate a protective function related to vaccine or disease induced memory. Methods This study is a case-control study including 53 patients with COVID-19 and 40 healthy volunteers. COVID-19 severity was divided into three groups: asymptomatic, mild and severe. We measured the same set of antibody titers for vaccine antigens, and a set of biochemical and infection markers, in both the case and control groups. Results Rubella (p = 0.003), pneumococcus (p = 0.002), and Bordetella pertussis (p < 0.0001) titers were found to be significantly lower in the case group than the control group. There was a significant decline in pneumococcus titers with severity of disease (p = 0.021) and a significant association with disease severity for Bordetella pertussis titers (p = 0.014) among COVID patients. Levels of AST, procalcitonin, ferritin and D-dimer significantly increased with the disease severity. Discussion Our study supports the hypothesis that pre-existing immune memory, as monitored using circulating antibodies, acquired from childhood vaccinations, or past infections confer some protection against COVID-19. Randomized controlled studies are needed to support a definitive conclusion.


A structural gene for type 1 fimbriae of Streptococcus sanguis FW213 was located within a 6-kilobase fragment cloned in Escherichia coli. A 1.6-kilobase internal fragment contains an open reading frame of 927 bases coding for an immunoreactive peptide of 34,349 daltons, which corresponds in size with an observed cytoplasmic form of fimbrial peptide (P. M. Fives-Taylor, F. L. Macrina, T. J. Pritchard, and S. J. Peene, Infect. Immun. 55:123-128, 1987). Disruption of the reading frame by insertional mutagenesis results in loss of immunoreactivity. Consensus sequences for initiation of transcription and translation were identified 5' to the coding region. Transcription terminator-like sequences were found downstream of the coding region. The deduced amino acid sequence of the cloned fimbrial peptide shows a strongly hydrophobic signal sequence at the amino terminus. The carboxyl-terminal region does not include a hydrophobic membrane anchor sequence such as has been reported for other gram-positive surface structures. A hydrophobic region of 12 to 14 amino acids downstream from the putative signal sequence cleavage site exhibits homology with the Streptococcus pyogenes type 6 M protein repetitive region A (S. K. Hollingshead, V. A. Fischetti, and J. R. Scott, J. Biol. Chem., 261:1677-1686, 1986). Functional homology at the level of protein secondary structure with Actinomyces viscosus T14V type 1 fimbriae (M. K. Yeung, B. M. Chassy, and J. O. Cisar, J. Bacteriol., 169:1678-1683, 1987) is proposed.


Background : Tinea pedis is a parasit disease caused by the dermatopoyd fungi and found on skin around sole of foot and toe. Several risk factors of Tinea pedis are as follow: wearing the shoes for whole day, wearing the sock while working, and hight exposure of fungi. The aim of this research was to determine relationship between the living environment and the incidence of Tinea pedis on "Pemulung" (the collector of abandoned goods) at the final disposal place of Jatibarang in Semarang. And also to know the relationship between practise of personal-hygiene and the incidence of Tinea pedis on "Pemulung" . Methods : This was an observational research using cross sectional approach. Samples were "Pemulung" at the final disposal place of Jatibarang in Semarang. Number of samples taken were 56 persons. Independent variables were type of floor, source of water, wearing the shoes while working, wearing the sock while working, changing of the sock, washing the foot after working, drying the foot after washing, washing the shoes after wearing, frequency of taking a bath everyday, and wearing the sandal at home. Results : Results of regression logistic analysis showed that the factors, which influence the occurrence of Tinea pedis, were: sources of water and wearing the sandal at home. With p value for source of water is 0,016 and wearing the sandal at home is 0,039. The efforts that can be done to prevent transmission of Tinea pedis such as: avoid using the river water and using the monitoring well. "Pemulung" should wear the sandal at home in order to reduce transmission of fungi. Beside that, they should keep clean at around their home to prevent growth of Tinea pedis fungi.


The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in partnership with the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission (NGPC) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers have confirmed spawning of two female pallid sturgeon in the upstream reaches of the lower Missouri River in May 2007. Combined with supporting research in reproductive physiology, identification of spawning habitat, and early life history this result provides new understanding of environmental factors (for example, photoperiod, temperature, water quality, and flow regime) that might affect reproduction of this endangered species. The purpose of this fact sheet is to provide stakeholders, scientists, and managers with some of the preliminary results from the 2007 field assessment of sturgeon reproduction in the lower Missouri River.


JUSTIFICATION AND THE INDIVIDUAL IN THE WAKE OF THE NEW PERSPECTIVE ON PAUL Andrew Michael Hassler, Ph.D. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2011 Chairperson: Dr. Thomas R. Schreiner This dissertation contends that in spite of the increasing trajectory toward a more corporate, covenantal understanding of justification within Pauline scholarship since the emergence of the New Perspective on Paul, there still remains significant evidence that justification, at its core, is concerned with the individual before God in need of grace, who is counted righteous apart from any human works. Chapter 1 provides a history of research that traces this corporate trajectory within modern scholarship, as well as noting some of the responses to it. Chapter 2 examines the case for the presence of Jewish legalism at Paul's time of writing, to which he responds with his doctrine of justification by faith. Though E. P. Sanders successfully showed that legalism did not define second-temple Judaism, his work does not rule out the possibility of legalism within elements of the religion during the lifetime of Paul. This legalism would be more subtle than in pre-Sanders caricatures of Judaism, and is intricately tied to ethnocentrism, since the works in question were often those such as circumcision, which separated Jews from Gentiles—hence, ethnocentric legalism. Chapters 3 and 4 apply a framework that does not rule out legalism to three key justification texts (Gal 2:16; Rom 3:20; Rom 4:1-8). In these passages, Paul alludes to or cites a psalm text, each of which highlights an underlying anthropological approach to justification that denies the place of works, which was also timeless, though now fully revealed in the death and resurrection of Jesus. Chapter 5 examines evidence in other places in Paul, including some of the disputed letters, that undergirds the idea that fundamental to justification and Pauline soteriology in general is a distinction between grace (through faith) and works. Chapter 6 seeks to align the present argument with more corporate concerns in Pauline soteriology through exegesis of two passages that are often considered to be linchpin texts for the New Perspective (Rom 3:27-30; Eph 2:14-18). Chapter 7 provides a summary of the argument, as well as implications of the present study, with further reflection on what it means for future work on the subject.


Abstract 'Braeburn' apples from three harvests after 6-month storage in controlled atmosphere were measured at 670 nm by time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS), ranked on decreasing μa670 (increasing maturity), classified as less (LeM), medium and more mature (MoM), randomised into three batches per harvest and analysed after 1, 8 and 14 days of shelf life. LeM and MoM apples were measured in the 630-900 nm range by TRS, and analysed for sensory profile (firm, crispy, juicy, mealy) and pulp mechanical characteristics (firmness, stiffness, energy-to-rupture). All data were processed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). According to sensory intensity scores, fruits were either divided into five classes (very low – VL; low – L; medium – M; high – H; very high – VH) separately for every attribute, or clustered into four groups, each one representing a specific sensory profile. The absorption spectra showed a maximum at 670 nm (chlorophyll-a) and μa670 was higher in the VH class for firm, crispy and juicy and in the VL and L classes for mealy. The scattering spectra had a decreasing trend with the wavelength increase, and μs' values were lower in the VH class for firm and crispy, and higher in the VH class for mealy and in the VL ones for juicy. PCA underlined that μs' values were negatively related to firmness and μa670, and that μa690, μa730, μa830, μa850 and μa900 were opposed to mealiness. PC scores differed among the four sensory profiles and increased from VL to VH classes for firmness, crispiness and juiciness and from VH to VL classes for mealiness.


Objective: To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture of Yanglingquan point for the treatment of hemifacial spasm (HFS).
Methods: A total of 60 patients with HFS collected clinically were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group. Acupuncture of Yanglingquan point was performed in the experimental group, while injection of vitamin B12 was conducted at the acupoint in the control group.
Results: The response rates in the experimental group and the control group were 96.7% and 56.7%, respectively, with a significant difference between the two groups.


The amounts of sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen in several brands of milk used for infant feeding have been measured, and the concentrations of these substances in the reconstituted milks calculated. The known variation in the electrolyte content of cows' milk and the addition of minerals in the manufacture of many types of milk foods may account for the variation in the content of these substances, but the addition of neutralized whey in the manufacture of Trufood Formula 4 increased the concentration of sodium to a level twice that found in undiluted cows' milk. We think that details of all mineral additions to milks used for infant feeding should be made readily available and that the mineral content of the powders or liquids should be printed on the containers and expressed both in mg/100 g and mEq/kg. Milks reconstituted to a composition close to that of cows' milk present large osmotic loads to the kidneys, and may endanger water balance in some circumstances. This risk can be reduced by a greater dilution with water.


A product will enter the end of life phase when the usage period expires. End of life recycleis divided into three categories, namely reuse, recycle, and landfills. Reuse is transferring usage rights to others to be used for the same purpose. Recycle is utilising used goods as raw materials for other products. Landfills are putting used clothing to a garbage dump site. Consumers have different tendencies to the expired product. Stamped batik as a typical product of Solo also experiences the same treatment at the end of its life. This study has the objective of reviewing the consumer behaviour toward the stamp batik and calculating the energy needed in the final product period. Simapro 184.108.40.206 sofwate was used for the analysis. Based on consumer behaviour toward the end of product life, the stamped batik user mostly transfer the function of stamped batik to cleaning cloth or recycle (48.97%). The energy needed for the recycling process of stamped batik is 3.2 kPt. The energy resources of the landfill of stamped batik are 0,085 kPt. The electrical energy used for landfills of stamped batik is  14.4 MJ per year.


The sections of Φ55mm silicon nitride balls, sintered by gas pressure sintering were analyzed. The results show that temperature gradient during of the sintering process from the surface to the core of large size silicon nitride balls occurred because of the lower thermal conductivity of Si3N4. With the diameter increasing, the temperature gradient was more visible. The impurity of raw materials, such as free Si, free C and other metal oxides, like the SiO2 could produce gas, such as SiO, CO and so on, during the sintering process through the thermodynamic analysis. The producing gas exhausted more difficultly with the diameter of silicon nitride balls increasing. These factors were the most important to the defects of large size silicon nitride balls during the sintering process and made cracks and crescent on the surface of balls.


Abstract This article discusses the design and evaluation of an artificial agent for collaborative musical free improvisation. The agent provides a means to investigate the underpinnings of improvisational interaction. In connection with this general goal, the system is also used here to explore the implementation of a collaborative musical agent using a specific robotics architecture called Subsumption. The architecture of the system is explained, and its evaluation in an empirical study with expert improvisors is discussed. A follow-up study using a second iteration of the system is also presented. The system design and connected studies bring together Subsumption robotics, ecological psychology, and musical improvisation, and they contribute to an empirical grounding of an ecological theory of improvisation.


The harmful effect of repeated impact accelerations on the animal body was studied. The dogs were exposed to accelerations one, three, five or ten times. The experiments showed a cumulative effect of repeated exposures which included a consistent increase of changes in the physiological and morphological parameters. Tolerance to repeated accelerations increased due to better restraint of the animals.


Zambia has problems with its education system that inhibit the growth of an educated, middle-class workforce. While it has made dramatic progress in access to lower education in the past decade, it has had more difficulty expanding educational opportunities for grades 8-12 and in higher education. In addition to a persistently high HIV/AIDS infection rate, Zambia has a rapidly growing young population but lacks infrastructure, qualified teachers, and enough college graduates to achieve its educational goals. This article identifies the problems that threaten the educational system and makes recommendations to help Zambia achieve its goal to build a sustainable middle class.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the damage modes of ceramic systems bonded to dentin under Hertzian indentation. Single-cycle Hertzian contact test over 150–850 N load range was applied randomly to 210 ceramic–dentin bilayer disc specimens of zirconia or IPS Empress II -1 mm, -1.5 mm and of feldspathic porcelain -1 mm, -1.5 mm, -2 mm. Optical microscopy was employed for the identification of quasiplastic mode and radial cracks. Finite element analysis was used to analyze the stress distribution. Our results showed that the degree of damage in both modes evolved progressively and the origin changed with contact load. Stress location and value were consistent with the mechanical test results. It was concluded that microstructure and thickness of the material have a significant effect on the damage modes of ceramic layer systems.


The purpose of my study was to examine the effectiveness of tutors at the TRIO tutoring program at UNC Pembroke. During this study, I tutored for a semester in the program, so I could better know what questions to ask the tutors. After my time as a tutor, I asked other tutors in the program to take a short 22-question survey about their experience as a tutor at UNC Pembroke. Based on the qualitative and quantitate results of the survey and my time as a tutor, I found that tutors feel effective as tutors. Three common themes emerged from participants hand written responses. First, the tutors felt they were improving academically through review of subject matter. Second, tutors felt disappointed in students that did not try at sessions. Third, I found that tutors felt they benefited positively from the tutoring experience through work related gains or a sense of self-improvement. Tutors found the space provided for tutoring relaxing and conducive to learning. They also found the TRIO training useful and sufficient. Based on my results, I would not recommend any changes to the tutoring program.


INTRODUCTION
This report describes the current state of asthma control and management among adults in Wisconsin.

METHODS
Data from the 2012-2016 Wisconsin Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Asthma Call-back Survey were analyzed. Asthma control, self-management, and work-related asthma were described using prevalence estimates.

RESULTS
Among adults with asthma, 40.1% (95% CI, 35.7-44.5) were well-controlled, 36.7% (95% CI, 32.5-40.9) were not well-controlled, and 23.2% (95% CI, 19.5-26.9) were very poorly controlled. One third (35.1%, 95% CI, 30.8-39.4) of adults were given a written asthma action plan by their health care providers.

DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION
Many adults did not have well-controlled asthma during the study period. Health care providers should consider providing additional self-management education to help patients manage their asthma symptoms.


Pattern databases are among the strongest known heuristics for many classical search benchmarks such as sliding-tile puzzles, the 4-peg Towers of Hanoi puzzles, Rubik's Cube, and TopSpin. Min-compression is a generally applicable technique for augmenting pattern database heuristics that has led to marked experimental improvements in some settings, while being ineffective in others. We provide a theoretical explanation for these experimental phenomena by studying the interaction between the ranking function used to order abstract states in a pattern database, the compression scheme used to abstract states, and the dependencies between state variables in the problem representation.


During the last two decades West Bengal has led the rest of the country with regard to agricultural performance and implementation of panchayat institutions. But these developments have begun to level out. At the same time the state has fallen behind in other sectors--industry, higher education and state of public finances, particularly--to an extent that is seriously worrying. This paper reviews performance of these different sectors, discusses possible explanatory factors, and makes a number of suggestions for policy reforms. With regard to industrial revival, it stresses public investment in transport and communication, measures to improve higher education, foster industry-university collaborations, and help smallscale industries overcome specific market imperfections (access to credit, technology and distribution channels). In public finance, emphasis is placed on raising tax revenues (especially with regard to the service sector), limiting losses of public sector undertakings, and widening the scope of land taxes and user fees. In the agricultural sector, the need for a greater role of the government with regard to biotechnology, extension services, irrigation and flood control is emphasised, along with suggestions for encouraging and regulating contract farming with MNCs. Finally the article urges greater empowerment of panchayats with regard to social service delivery and agro-business development, and administrative reforms to enhance accountability of state government employees.


CD8+ T cell memory inflation, first described in murine CMV (MCMV) infection, is characterized by the accumulation of high-frequency, functional Ag-specific CD8+ T cell pools with an effector-memory phenotype and enrichment in peripheral organs. Although persistence of Ag is considered essential, the rules underpinning memory inflation are still unclear. The MCMV model is, however, complicated by the virus's low-level persistence and stochastic reactivation. We developed a new model of memory inflation based on a β-galactosidase (βgal)–recombinant adenovirus vector. After i.v. administration in C57BL/6 mice, we observed marked memory inflation in the βgal96 epitope, whereas a second epitope, βgal497, undergoes classical memory formation. The inflationary T cell responses show kinetics, distribution, phenotype, and functions similar to those seen in MCMV and are reproduced using alternative routes of administration. Memory inflation in this model is dependent on MHC class II. As in MCMV, only the inflating epitope showed immunoproteasome independence. These data define a new model for memory inflation, which is fully replication independent, internally controlled, and reproduces the key immunologic features of the CD8+ T cell response. This model provides insight into the mechanisms responsible for memory inflation and, because it is based on a vaccine vector, also is relevant to novel T cell–inducing vaccines in humans.


This thesis is the first historical study to engage with the overlooked topic of art exhibitions held in Montreal's department stores between the beginning of the century and the end of the Second World War. Although Montreal was home (though not concurrently) to fifteen department stores, this thesis is limited to Dupuis Freres, Henry Morgan & Co., Ogilvy's and the T. Eaton Co.. They created an image of themselves not only as spaces for retail, but as active cultural actors within the larger phenomenon of the visual arts in Montreal. By the 1930s, they were essential parts of the Montreal art scene. By examining these stores' display of art, and by setting this activity within the larger context of opportunities to view visual art in the city, this thesis recuperates the role of department stores in Montreal as active agents in the production, circulation and consumption of art.


Oscillation experiments, creep tests and shear stress ramps have been performed to analyze the yield stress and its time dependency. It has to be distinguished between iso-structural, dynamic and static yield stress. The iso-structural yield stress occurs immediately after shearing. Since the slurry structure remains unchanged, it is equivalent to the structure during shearing. At rest an internal structure builds up, this leads to an increase of the yield stress, which is referred to as the dynamic yield stress. It increases until its maximum value, the static yield stress, is reached.


The age of a root segment is inversely related to its nutrient uptake activity (uptake rate per unit root length). It is uncertain how this information should be incorporated into nutrient uptake models, due to our inability to characterize the age of a whole root system. A method of calculating an integrated root system age (IRSA) was defined, and two solution experiments were conducted to relate the N uptake activity of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to root age. Literature data also were analyzed to characterize the relationship between IRSA and nutrient uptake activity of whole plant root systems. Integrated root system age was defined as the summation of the mean ages of root segments produced during each growth period weighted by the ratio of the root length generated during each growth period to total root length. The NH 4 and NO 3 uptake activity of spring wheat decreased with plant age as IRSA increased, while plants with similar IRSA at 14 and 21 d had similar N uptake activity. These relationships between IRSA and the uptake activity of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg of corn (Zea mays L.) were also revealed from an analysis of published data In young root systems, nutrient uptake activity declined rapidly as IRSA increased, while older root systems (IRSA >10 to 15 d) maintained a relatively low and gradually declining nutrient uptake activity with increasing IRSA. The IRSA is a useful parameter for characterizing nutrient uptake activity of an entire root system, providing a potential tool for modeling nutrient uptake.


Genetic integration of diverse organisms results in generation of three types of the super-species systems of heredity: metagenome (set of genetic factors of the microbial community which occupies a certain ecological niche), symbiogenome (functionally integrated system of the partners' symbiotic genes) and hologenome (entire hereditary system of a symbiotically originated organism). The integrity of metagenome is based on the cross-regulation and horizontal transfer of genes in co-evolving organisms which in the soil microbial communities are accompanied by maintenance of the stable extracellular DNA pool. Formation of symbiogenome is related to the highly specific partners' signaling interactions which are responsible for development of the joint metabolic pathways based on the specialized cellular and tissue structures. Transitions of symbiogenome into hologenome are due to the endosymbiotic gene transfer from microsymbionts to their hosts. In symbiotic bacteria, these transitions are coupled with establishments of multi-component, reduced and rudimentary genomes revealed for the ecologically obligatory symbionts, genetically obligatory symbionts, and cellular organelles, respectively. Their evolution is related to the stringency of transmission of microsymbionts by hosts increased from pseudo-vertical (via environment) to the trans-embryonic (via embryos and the surrounding tissues) and trans-ovarian transmission (via germ cells) which are culminated in the cytoplasmic inheritance of cellular organelles. We suggest the hypothesis about generation of endophytic plant symbiogenome on the basis of soil metagenome subjected to the control of host by its involvement into the quorum sensing auto-regulation of microbial community.


Introduction: Support, advice and guidance of students during of study are one of the most important responsibilities of universities. They are responsible to solve students' problem about this matter. Thus, this study has been designed to determine the students' view about of the Duties and Performance of Academic advisors. Methods: This study which is a descriptive- analytical study. Is performed on 250 nursing and midwifery and operation room students selected using by census method. In order to analysis of finding, Questionnaire has been used to determine the students' view of the duties and performance of academic advisors. SPSS 1 ٧ software and descriptive - inferential statistic has been used to analysis of finding. Results : The findings showed that, more than half of students were agree with academic advisors duties. From students' view "offering advice in terms of job and education" and "assessing the current academic status of students" were as main tasks of academic advisors. "Advisor' consult with other experts about the current problems" and the "introduction of relevant units to meet the needs of students" were the weakest cases of performance of academic advisors. And performance of academic advisors was good in students' view about 31.6 percent. Conclusion: In this study views of students are well suited to the tasks of academic advisors. This issue indicated that, there is an appropriate potential to promote students consulting. According to the results on the performance of academic advisors need to make fundamental changes in the process of Supervisors is academic counseling


Mild to moderate iodine deficiency has been found among young Norwegian women of reproductive age. In Norway, cow's milk is the main source of iodine; however, milk consumption is decreasing, particularly among young women. This study aimed to investigate milk consumption practices in young Norwegian women and their attitudes toward milk consumption from childhood to young adulthood in a life-course perspective and their knowledge of milk as a source of iodine. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 30 bachelor students (women, 18–25 years old) from five different study programs. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to interpret milk consumption practices from a life-course perspective. Five focus group interviews were conducted using a semistructured interview guide. The transcribed interviews were coded according to emerging themes related to milk consumption practices and turning points. Milk consumption practices were dynamic and changed over time and were influenced by several factors: family traditions, school milk subscription, friends and social media, social acceptance, availability, price, and attitudes toward health and the environment. Young women tend to be in a phase of life in which milk is not part of their food practices. Most of the women were not aware of the consequences of omitting milk from their diet and had limited knowledge of iodine and how to secure adequate dietary iodine intake. Awareness of possible consequences of omitting milk from the diet should be promoted along with information on how to secure adequate iodine intake


An enzyme-based assay in combination with the most probable number (MPN) technique was developed for the enumeration of bifidobacteria. The assay employs the detection of fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase (F6PPK) activity as an indicator of the presence of bifidobacteria. The method was validated against viable counts and optimized with respect to selective media in order to quantitatively assess bifidobacteria in dairy products and other probiotic preparations. Several commercial products and homemade fermented milks were analyzed. Counts of bifidobacteria ranged from 10(7) to 10(8) MPN/ml in commercial products and homemade fermented milks. Commercial starters provided by Argentinean industries had between 10(7) and 10(11) MPN/ml. The results obtained in this study suggest that the combination of F6PPK activity determination and the MPN methodology allows an accurate determination of Bifidobacterium in pure cultures, dairy products, and other probiotic preparations.


Two hundred ninety-five (295) day-old Sasso chicks were randomly distributed into three treatments: (1) fed immediately after hatching with organically formulated diet, (2) fed 36 h post hatch with organically formulated diet, and (3) fed 36 h post hatch with commercially prepared feed. Pancreatic tissues were collected from five chicks in each treatment on sampling days 1, 3, 5, 9, 12, 15, 18, 25, 32, 39, 45, 53, 60, 67, and 90. Samples were analyzed for activity of pancreatic enzymes amylase, lipase and trypsin. Amylolytic and proteolyticenzyme activities increased at a relatively slow rate in the pancreas of chicks fed with either commercial or organically formulated diets. Synthesis of both amylase and trypsin by the pancreatic tissue started to dramatically increase at around 46 days, reaching the peak at 60 days. This could explain the growth pattern of Sasso, wherein it was observed to be slow at early stage of growth, similar to that of the native chickens. However, after 60 days the growth rate was very rapid.


Liquids on-chip describes a reagent storage concept for disposable pressure driven Lab-on-Chip (LoC) devices, which enables liquid storage in reservoirs without additional packaging. On-chip storage of liquids can be considered as one of the major challenges for the commercial break through of polymer-based LoC devices. Especially the ability for long-term storage and reagent release on demand are the most important aspects for a fully developed technology. On-chip storage not only replaces manual pipetting, it creates numerous advantages: fully automated processing, ease of use, reduction of contamination and transportation risks. Previous concepts for on-chip storage are based on liquid packaging solutions (e.g. stick packs, blisters, glass ampoules), which implicate manufacturing complexity and additional pick and place processes. That is why we prefer on-chip storage of liquids directly in reservoirs. The liquids are collected in reservoirs, which are made of high barrier polymers or coated by selected barrier layers. Therefore, commonly used polymers for LoC applications as cyclic olefin polymer (COP) and polycarbonate (PC) were investigated in the context of novel polymer composites. To ensure long-term stability the reservoirs are sealed with a commercially available barrier film by hot embossing. The barrier film is structured by pulsed laser ablation, which installs rated break points without affecting the barrier properties. A flexible membrane is actuated through pneumatic pressure for reagent release on demand. The membrane deflection breaks the barrier film and leads to efficient cleaning of the reservoirs in order to provide the liquids for further processing.


A cylindrical target above a periodic surface is illuminated by a short-pulse electromagnetic wave to study the effect of multipath on radar measurements of targets above the sea. A decomposition method is outlined for TE scattering from a cylinder above an infinite, periodic surface. The basis of this method is that if a target is close to the sea, the current induced on the sea surface will be nearly identical to that induced by a plane wave without the target present, except within a region of finite extent immediately beneath the target. A set of coupled Electric-Field Integral Equations (EFIEs) for the current induced on the cylinder and the perturbation current (the difference between the current with the target present and with the target absent) on the surface has been derived in which the perturbation current is approximated to zero outside a finite region beneath the cylinder. The EFIEs are solved in the frequency domain using the Method of Moments and transformed into the time domain using the inverse Fourier transform. Use of this technique for studying the transient multipath phenomenon of a target located near a disturbed surface is discussed.


This report provides a summary of current developments in the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) effort to establish a national animal traceability capacity with the intended goal of being able to rapidly identify and respond to an animal disease outbreak. National animal identification and traceability appear to have substantial economic value, yet federal proposals have proven controversial among certain segments of the U.S. cattle industry. This report provides background on animal ID and traceability in general, and the development of the current U.S. system of animal ID and traceability in particular. In addition, it reviews the claims and counter-claims of proponents and opponents of a national animal ID system, and describes many of the unresolved issues related to program development. Finally, two appendixes offer a brief chronology of the development of the U.S. National Animal Identification System (NAIS) and its successor program, and a brief description of the major international organizations involved in setting standards and rules for animal health and trade in animal products, along with summary descriptions of animal ID and traceability programs found in other major livestock producer and consumer countries.


The selection of a climate-appropriate asphalt binder is essential in ensuring the longevity of pavement surfaces. As the selection methodology depends on the pavement's temperature, several models predict pavement temperatures based on recorded ambient air temperatures and other related factors. A commonality between the most predominant pavement temperature models is the geographical limitations to their application. As a result, widely used models such as LTPP and SHRP do not return accurate values for more Northern temperatures, as observed in Canada. Thus, a new pavement temperature model has been developed for use across Canadian pavements. The resulting model returned satisfactory accuracy upon validation and represented a good alternative for Canadian pavement designers. Additionally, a software tool title CABS has been developed to select asphalt binders based on the predicted pavement temperatures to implement the model.


Aim of the present study was to investigate as part of a pilot project whether lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of periodontopathogenic microorganisms are able to ligate to the human myocardium initiating an inflammatory response in the myocardial cells. A quantitative determination of lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) in atrium, ventricle and heart valve was performed and a potential association with the degree of periodontitis severity evaluated.

30 Patients (10 female, 20 male with an average age of 67.7 ±9.3 years) who underwent an aortic valve replacement due to aortic valve stenosis or aortic valve insufficiency were included in the study.
After the patient was informed and signed the consent form, a medical history was taken including dental notation (DMFT und Papilla Bleeding Index (PBI)) and a periodontal chart. The degree of periodontitis severity was determined by the probing depth and the attachment level. During surgery, Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons took heart tissue and blood samples.
The average DMFT was 21.6 ±4.9. Concerning the PBI, eleven patients had Score 0, eleven patients had Score 1, six patients had Score 2, and two patients had Score 3.
23 patients had a severe periodontitis, five patients a moderate periodontitis, and two atients had no or a mild periodontitis.

In the laboratory, the heart tissue samples were analyzed concerning the presence of LBP using protein purification and Western blot analysis. DNA was isolated from the blood samples and tested for IL-1 polymorphism.
LBP was found in all patients´ heart tissue samples. The aortic valve displayed the highest big42-LBP expression; the lowest values were observed for the ventricle.
eight patients had a genotype 1 (no increased risk for progressive development of periodontitis), eleven had a genotype 2 (increased risk for progressive development of periodontitis), three had a genotype 3 (high risk for progressive development of periodontitis), and eight had a genotype 4 (reduced inhibition of inflammatory reaction).

Statistical evaluation showed that there were no significant influences of gender and smoking behavior on the degree of periodontitis severity or the PBI. The IL-1 genotype did also not have an impact on the degree of periodontitis severity (P=0.259) or on the PBI (P=0.167).
The quantity of LBP was not associated with the PBI or the IL-1 genotype, but there was an association between LBP in the ventricle and the degree of periodontitis severity (P=0.018). For atrium (P=0.577) and heart valve (P=0.198), no association between LBP and the degree of periodontitis severity was observed. The present results confirm the working hypothesis that LPS of periodontopathogenic microorganisms can ligate to the myocardium and may contribute to heart tissue damage. Further studies are necessary to decipher the responsible mechanisms.


ABSTRACT This report highlights the structure and myriad properties of wheat starch in various food systems. Granule shape, size, and color, plus the proportion of A- and B-granules, amylose content, and molecular structure largely determine its functionality in food. The role of wheat starch is portrayed in three categories of flour-based foods that differ in water content. Wheat starch influences the appearance, cooking characteristics, eating quality, and texture of pasta and noodles, and its role is more than a filler in yeast-leavened bread products. Recent developments in the properties and applications of commercially important wheat pyrodextrins and RS4-type resistant wheat starches are reported, along with their use to produce fiber-fortified foods. Gluten-free foods are also discussed.


Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are available as over‐the‐counter drugs, and they are commonly used in children for their antipyretic, analgesic, and anti‐inflammatory effects. NSAIDs are among the most frequently reported drugs associated with hypersensitivity reactions and even with anaphylaxis. A complete evaluation of the patients based on reported clinical manifestations, timing of the reaction, the presence of underlying disease, and reactions to other NSAIDs allows clinicians to stratify children with a history of reaction to NSAIDs. Although NSAID‐induced hypersensitivity reactions have mainly been investigated in adults, recent studies have aimed to explore their epidemiology in the pediatric population. This review will cover the current understanding of clinical manifestations, the risk factors, and the different phenotypes of NSAID‐induced hypersensitivity reactions with a comprehensive overview of the epidemiologic data from past to present and the practical approach to the management of NSAID hypersensitivity in children and adolescents.


The anomalous innervation of the extensor digitorum brevis (EDB) muscle by the accessory deep peroneal nerve is presented below. This 23-year-old male was referred to the clinical neurophysiology laboratory for evaluation of possible lumbar radiculopathy. The nerve conduction study (NCS) and electromyography revealed abnormalities consistent with an S 1 radiculopathy on the right. Incidentally, the routine peroneal nerve conduction study on the left revealed a larger compound muscle action potential (CMAP) on proximal stimulation below and above the fibular head, when compared to the distal stimulation (Figure 1, trace A2, A3 and A1 respectively). The stimulation behind the lateral malleolus showed a CMAP with amplitude of 1.6 mV (Figure 1, trace A4), thus confirming the presence of the accessory deep peroneal nerve. The NCS of the right peroneal nerve did not reveal any anomaly. Comments Anatomic variations in the innervation of muscles should be kept in mind during the electrophysiological assessment of neuropathies. Lack of awareness of these anomalies may result in the wrong interpretation of nerve conduction results. The deep peroneal nerve, a major branch of the common peroneal nerve, usually innervates the EDB. In 21-28% of subjects, this muscle also receives innervation from the accessory deep peroneal nerve, an anomalous branch of the superficial peroneal nerve. 1 This anomaly should be suspected when proximal stimulation of the common peroneal nerve at the knee elicits higher amplitude CMAP, than stimulation of the deep peroneal nerve at the ankle. Stimulation of the accessory deep peroneal nerve behind the lateral malleolus activates the anomalously innervated lateral portion of the EDB. Rarely, this anomalous branch may exclusively supply the EDB. In the presence of this anomaly, the lesions of the deep peroneal nerve spare the lateral portion or the whole of the EDB, thus leading to the possibility of an incorrect conclusion. 2 The inheritance pattern of the accessory deep peroneal nerve shows an autosomal dominant trait. 3


Natural language texts have regularities for the pattern of various components of language and these regularities can be put in theoretical framework to identify several characteristic features of language and to determine the relation between different components by gathering the database for the components in different texts. In the present paper, the pattern of occurrence of different graphemes of English language has been investigated in intra text perspective. Graphemes have been studied for their incidence in different texts and in words of different length in these texts. A correlation has been determined between the two patterns and on the basis of the correlation pattern of occurrence in any text has been represented in terms of their pattern of occurrence in different words of text in the form of linear equations. Results have been compared for the empirical and theoretical frequencies for the compiled text formed as the composition of all the considered texts.


A high spin (HS) – low spin (LS) transition has been discovered in the Co[Cr0.5Ga1.5]S4 spinel, where the Co ions occupy tetrahedral sites and the Cr and Ga ions octahedral ones. The latter are diluted by the non-magnetic Ga-ions. Application of magnetic fields revealed ferrimagnetic order with a Curie temperature TC = 126 K, a strong suppression of the magnetic susceptibility () and a slight shift of TC to lower temperatures. A cusp at 15.6 K on the ac (T) curve suggests a spin frustration of the re-entrant type. Characteristic for the HS-LS transition is an inflection point at 150 K on the 1/(T) curve, a lack of the Curie-Weiss region above TC and a small value of the magnetization, 4.76 emu/g at 4.4 K and at a magnetic field of 57.5 kOe.


B-spline functions are widely used in many industrial applications such as computer graphic representations, computer aided design, computer aided manufacturing, computer numerical control, etc. Recently, there exist some demands, e.g. in reverse engineering (RE) area, to employ B-spline curves for non-trivial cases that include curves with discontinuous points, cusps or turning points from the sampled data. The most challenging task in these cases is in the identification of the number of knots and their respective locations in non-uniform space in the most efficient computational cost. This paper presents a new strategy for fitting any forms of curve by B-spline functions via local algorithm. A new two-step method for fast knot calculation is proposed. In the first step, the data is split using a bisecting method with predetermined allowable error to obtain coarse knots. Secondly, the knots are optimized, for both locations and continuity levels, by employing a non-linear least squares technique. The B-spline function is, therefore, obtained by solving the ordinary least squares problem. The performance of the proposed method is validated by using various numerical experimental data, with and without simulated noise, which were generated by a B-spline function and deterministic parametric functions. This paper also discusses the benchmarking of the proposed method to the existing methods in literature. The proposed method is shown to be able to reconstruct B-spline functions from sampled data within acceptable tolerance. It is also shown that, the proposed method can be applied for fitting any types of curves ranging from smooth ones to discontinuous ones. In addition, the method does not require excessive computational cost, which allows it to be used in automatic reverse engineering applications.


Importance
Frailty is common among older patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and is associated with worse quality of life (QOL) and a higher risk of clinical events. Frailty can also limit recovery and response to interventions. In the Rehabilitation Therapy in Older Acute Heart Failure Patients (REHAB-HF) trial, a 3-month innovative, early, transitional, tailored, multidomain physical rehabilitation intervention improved physical function and QOL (vs usual care) in older patients with ADHF.

Objective
To evaluate whether baseline frailty modified the benefits of the physical rehabilitation intervention among patients with ADHF enrolled in the REHAB-HF trial and to assess the association between changes in frailty with the risk of adverse clinical outcomes on follow-up.

Design, Setting, and Participants
This prespecified secondary analysis of the REHAB-HF trial, a multicenter randomized clinical trial, included 337 patients 60 years and older hospitalized for ADHF. Patients were enrolled from September 17, 2014, through September 19, 2019. Participants were stratified across baseline frailty strata as assessed using modified Fried criteria. Data were analyzed from July 2021 to September 2022.

Interventions
Physical rehabilitation intervention or attention control.

Main Outcomes and Measures
Primary outcome was the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score at 3 months. Clinical outcomes included all-cause hospitalization or mortality at 6 months.

Results
This prespecified secondary analysis included 337 participants; 181 (53.7%) were female, 167 (49.6%) were Black, and the mean (SD) age was 72 (8) years. A total of 192 (57.0%) were frail and 145 (43.0%) were prefrail at baseline. A significant interaction was observed between baseline frailty status and the treatment arm for the primary trial end point of overall SPPB score, with a 2.6-fold larger improvement in SPPB with intervention among frail patients (2.1; 95% CI, 1.3-2.9) vs prefrail patients (0.8; 95% CI, -0.1 to 1.6; P for interaction = .03). Trends consistently favored a larger intervention effect size, with significant improvement among frail vs prefrail participants for 6-minute walk distance, QOL, and the geriatric depression score, but interactions did not achieve significance.

Conclusions and Relevance
In this prespecified secondary analysis of the REHAB-HF trial, patients with ADHF with worse baseline frailty status had a more significant improvement in physical function in response to an innovative, early, transitional, tailored, multidomain physical rehabilitation intervention than those who were prefrail.

Trial Registration
Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT02196038.


Abstract At present, three continental archetypal ichnofacies are widely accepted: the Scoyenia, Mermia and Coprinisphaera ichnofacies. The last is present in palaeosols, and the first two occur in fluvio-lacustrine environments. Additionally, the Skolithos ichnofacies may be present in relatively high-energy fluvio-lacustrine deposits. The ichnofauna from active fluvial channels is characterised by low-diversity assemblages of simple vertical burrows and escape traces, referred to the Skolithos ichnofacies. Abandoned or inactive channel deposits characteristically contain low-diversity assemblages dominated by meniscate traces. Floodplain water bodies that experienced progressive drying (desiccated overbank deposits) may contain abundant arthropod and vertebrate trackways, backfilled meniscate traces, ornamented burrows and bilobate traces with scratch marks, which allow recognition of the Scoyenia ichnofacies. Floodplain water bodies that are filled by overbank vertical accretion without experiencing desiccation (overfilled overbank deposits) include simple grazing trails, locomotion trails and horizontal dwelling burrows, representing impoverished occurrences of the Mermia ichnofacies. Hydrologically closed lakes are very stressful environments in which subaqueous ichnofaunas are rare. The richest ichnofaunas in closed lakes are present at the lake margins, and record the activity of terrestrial rather than aquatic faunas (Scoyenia ichnofacies). Hydrologically open lakes host relatively diverse and abundant ichnofaunas, comprising the Scoyenia ichnofacies in low-energy, lake-margin areas, and the Mermia ichnofacies in permanent subaqueous lacustrine zones. Sediments deposited in relatively high-energy lacustrine environments, such as wave-dominated shorelines and delta mouth-bars, commonly are represented by the Skolithos ichnofacies. Although continental trace fossils have not been extensively used in sequence stratigraphy, they have potential for future integrated study. Softground trace fossils are commonly well developed in overfilled lake basins and are useful to delineate parasequences and parasequence sets. In balanced-fill and underfilled lake basins, softground ichnofaunas are poorly developed because of stressful conditions. In contrast, firmground suites are rare in overfilled lake basins, but widespread in lowstand deposits of balanced-fill and underfilled lake basins. Early lowstand amalgamated incised fluvial channels are usually unbioturbated, but palaeosol ichnofaunas (e.g. the Coprinisphaera ichnofacies) may delineate sequence boundaries in interfluve areas. Increasingly isolated fluvial channels encased in overbank deposits develop during late lowstand, and lacustrine deposits accumulate during transgressions, favouring preservation of biogenic structures.


It has been technically challenging to concurrently probe the electrons and the lattices in materials during nonequilibrium processes, allowing their correlations to be determined. Here, in a single set of ultrafast electron diffraction patterns taken on the charge-density-wave (CDW) material 1 T -TaSeTe, we discover a temporal shift in the diffraction intensity measurements as a function of scattering angle. With the help of dynamic models and theoretical calculations, we show that the ultrafast electrons probe both the valence-electron and lattice dynamic processes, resulting in the temporal shift measurements. Our results demonstrate unambiguously that the CDW is not merely a result of the periodic lattice deformation ever present in 1 T -TaSeTe but has significant electronic origin. This method demonstrates an approach for studying many quantum effects that arise from electron-lattice dephasing in molecules and crystals for next-generation devices.


Vegetative regeneration of aspen can be initiated through manipulations that provide hormonal stimulation, proper growth environment, and sucker protec- tion—the three elements of the aspen regeneration triangle. The correct course of action depends upon a careful evaluation of the size, vigor, age, and successional status of the existing clone. Soils and site productivity, competition from other plants, and the potential impact of browsing animals upon new regeneration should also be consid- ered. Treatments may include doing nothing, commercial harvest, prescribed fire, mechanical root stimulation, removal of competing vegetation, protection of regenera- tion from herbivory, and in limited circumstances, regenerating aspen from seed.


Four cases of gastrocolic fistula complicating benign gastric ulcer are described, bringing the total number of individually reviewed cases in the English language literature to 108. A review of 30 cases reported in the past 10 years reveals a surprisingly high percentage of young, female patients. Three‐quarters of these patients used steroidal or nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory agents. The presence of such fistulae is suspected in patients complaining of weight loss, diarrhoea and faecal vomiting. Small fistulae may not be suspected when overshadowed by other complications of ulcer disease such as bleeding or perforated viscus. Medical management of benign gastrocolic fistulae may be indicated in some circumstances. Surgical treatment involves en bloc resection, including the fistula, and surrounding colon and gastric segments.


This study examines metaphorical expressions in American radio news magazines appearing in two linguistic forms: NP is a NP and It's like NP. It integrates Blending Theory (Fauconnier & Turner 2002) with a usage-based approach to grammatical constructions (Goldberg 1995, 2006;Tomasello 2003, and Croft 2001) and analyzes the forms within their dynamic discourse context in terms of noun phrase accessibility (Chafe 1980, 1994; Givon 1983; Ariel 1988) and grounding (Langacker 1999, Oakley & Coulson 2008). The findings indicate that the functions of the grammatical constructions used in the metaphorical expressions were directly related to the non-metaphorical uses of the constructions and that the analysis of the ongoing discourse was essential to understanding the form-meaning pairings inherent in the expressions.


The oxidative elimination reactions of (5-X-phen)Mo(C0)₄ (X = H, CH₃, Cl, NO₂; phen = o-phenanthroline) and (3,4,7,8-(CH₃)₄-phen)Mo(CO)₄ with mercuric chloride in acetone have been investigated. In these reactions, a carbon monoxide group is replaced by two univalent ligands, accompanied by the corresponding increase in coordination number and formal oxidation state of the central metal atom, to give products of the type, (X-phen)Mo(CO)₃(Cl)HgCl. With the exception of (3,4,7,8-(CH₃)₄-phen), the substituted o-phenanthrolines were selected so as to minimize steric differences from one substrate to another while obtaining the widest range of pKₐ of the ligand.


Previous research has highlighted the importance of trust in enabling the purchase of goods/services through the Internet. However, other researchers have theorized and shown that distrust, a distinct construct that is related to trust, should also be considered when studying trust (Duestch 1960, Luhman 1979, Gurtman 1992, Sitkin & Roth 1993, Lewicki et al. 1998). Because trust has been cited to be critical for e-commerce, it stands to reason that its related, yet negative counterpart, distrust should be at least as important and potentially more critical in some contexts. It is important to determine what antecedent conditions may increase the amount of distrust felt by the individual, and how these conditions can be mitigated. This dissertation proposes an experiment to test two research questions. First, this study explores novel antecedents of distrusting beliefs that go beyond the disposition to distrust, which has been the main focus of distrust research in IS. Second, building on the ambivalence work by Cacioppo & Berntson (1994) and Priester & Petty (1996), this study proposes that as a negative attitude towards action, distrust may interact and negate intentions when the buyer also feels similar levels of trust, as a positive attitude. Finally, the research methodology and analysis are outlined along with potential contributions for this study.


: This lecture deals with pneumoconiosis, in particular with fibrotic tissue reactions caused by SiO2 and asbestos dusts in the lungs. The term "fine dusts" is defined in connection with the setting up of MAC-values. The aerodynamical diameter of particle shaped and fibrifom dust is set forth. Results of the fundamental research with SiO2, Coal mine and asbestos dusts in animal and cell experiments are explained.


Genome complexity has been associated with poor outcome in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Previous cooperative studies established five abnormalities as the cut-off that best predicts an adverse evolution by chromosome banding analysis (CBA) and genomic microarrays (GM). However, data comparing risk stratification by both methods are scarce. Herein, we assessed a cohort of 340 untreated CLL patients highly enriched in cases with complex karyotype (CK) (46.5%) with parallel CBA and GM studies. Abnormalities found by both techniques were compared. Prognostic stratification in three risk groups based on genomic complexity (0-2, 3-4 and ≥5 abnormalities) was also analyzed. No significant differences in the percentage of patients in each group were detected, but only a moderate agreement was observed between methods when focusing on individual cases (κ=0.507; P<0.001). Discordant classification was obtained in 100 patients (29.4%), including 3% classified in opposite risk groups. Most discrepancies were technique-dependent and no greater correlation in the number of abnormalities was achieved when different filtering strategies were applied for GM. Nonetheless, both methods showed a similar concordance index for prediction of time to first treatment (TTFT) (CBA: 0.67 vs. GM: 0.65) and overall survival (CBA: 0.55 vs. GM: 0.57). High complexity maintained its significance in the multivariate analysis for TTFT including TP53 and IGHV status when defined by CBA (hazard ratio [HR] 3.23; P<0.001) and GM (HR 2.74; P<0.001). Our findings suggest that both methods are useful but not equivalent for risk stratification of CLL patients. Validation studies are needed to establish the prognostic value of genome complexity based on GM data in future prospective studies.


OBJECTIVE: To document the value of bilateral anterior cingulotomy for patients with intractable chronic noncancer pain. METHODS: Twenty-three patients who underwent 28 cingulotomies between 1979 and 1996 for chronic refractory pain were sent questionnaires regarding their subjective response to the surgery and its impact on their pain. Questions dealt with pre- and postoperative pain, ability to resume work or usual activity, medications, family and social interactions, and overall benefit of cingulotomy. Results were compared with long-term (average, 8 yr) clinical follow-up. In 13 patients, pain was predominantly caused by lumbar adhesive arachnoiditis or "failed back." The remainder had venous occlusive disease, ischemic bilateral leg pain, phantom leg pain, postoperative neck pain, or atypical facial pain. RESULTS: Eighteen patients returned questionnaires; two patients died of unrelated causes. Seventy-two percent of patients reported improvement in their pain, 55% were no longer taking narcotics, 67% noted improvement in their family life, and 72% noted improvement in their social interactions. Fifty-six percent of patients reported that the cingulotomy was beneficial, and 28% returned to their usual activities or work. Thirty-nine percent of patients developed transient or well-controlled seizures. Five patients required a second cingulotomy, and one patient did well despite developing brain abscesses. Patient assessments corresponded closely with clinical assessments. CONCLUSION: Bilateral anterior cingulotomy is safe for patients with refractory chronic pain. Seizures reported in this series were well controlled with medication. More than half of all respondents thought they had a positive outcome and that cingulotomy was beneficial to them. There were no deaths related to the procedure.


This paper is concerned with the matching of job searchers with vacant jobs: a key component of the dynamics of worker reallocation in the labour market. The job searchers may be unemployed, employed or not in the labour force and we estimate matching or hiring functions including all three groups. We show that previous studies, which ignore both employed job seekers and unemployed job seekers who are considered to be out of the labour force, produce biased estimates of the coefficients of interest. By considering the only unemployment outflows into jobs and ignorant interdependencies with other flows, these studies overlook an important aspect of job matching. Our estimates on Australian data support a more general approach and produce models that dominate those proposed previously. We also provide clear ranking preferences amongst job seekers in the hiring process: those already in jobs are more successful than the unemployed who are, in turn, more successful than those not in the labour force. Together these results demonstrate that the disaggregate worker flows and their interdependence are key features of the labour market and should be included in studies of the hiring process.


Background: Sternal clefts are rare congenital anomalies that may occur in isolation or in association with other structural malformations. The sternal malformation/vascular dysplasia association consists of sternal clefts with hemangiomas of the skin and internal organs. Abnormalities of the sternum have also been described in the PHACES syndrome which consists of posterior fossa malformations, hemangiomas, arterial anomalies, cardiac defects, and eye abnormalities. Case: We report a case and associated images of an infant prenatally diagnosed with an aortic aneurysm and chest wall deformity. Postnatally, echocardiogram and MRI revealed a large aneurysm of the proximal descending aorta measuring 1.1 × 1.8 cm. The aneurysm began just distal to the origin of the left carotid artery, and a moderate pre-aneurysmal coarctation was noted. The origin of the left subclavian artery was distal to the aneurysm. In addition, partial sternal cleft with agenesis of the manubrium was noted. The intracranial anatomy was normal, and U/S and MRI revealed no hemangiomas of the head and neck vessels. Dermatologic evaluation revealed no evidence of cutaneous hemangiomas. Bronchoscopy revealed no hemangiomas of the respiratory tract. Ophthalmologic exam revealed normal ocular anatomy. Conclusion: Hemangiomas are the hallmark of both the sternal malformation/vascular dysplasia association and PHACES syndrome. We have, however, identified a case of sternal cleft with aortic aneurysm in the absence of cutaneous or visceral hemangiomas. Although these malformations may be unrelated, this case may also represent a variant of the PHACES syndrome.


Induction motors are the most widely used electrical machines in industry. To diagnose any possible incipient faults, many techniques have been developed. Motor current signature analysis (MCSA) is a common practice in industry to find motor faults. However, because small modulations due to faults it is difficult to quantify it in the measured signals which predominates with supply frequency, higher order harmonics and noise. In this paper a modulation signal (MS) bispectrum is investigated to detect different severities of stator faults. It shows that MS bispectrum has the capability to accurately estimate modulation degrees and suppress the random and nonmodulation components. Test results show that MS bispectrum has a better performance in differentiating spectrum amplitudes due to stator faults and hence produces better diagnosis performance, compared with that of conventional power spectrum analysis.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a direct instruction procedure involving modeling and guided practice on the acquisition of functional sight words. Participants were 3 youths with the dual diagnosis of mental retardation and behavior disorders. These youths were taught functional sight words that support participation in a variety of recreation activities in natural community settings. A parallel treatment design was used to evaluate the impact of a direct instruction and control method for promoting word acquisition Half of the sight words were taught using direct instruction with in vivo word find activities and then assessed in the recreation settings. Acquisition of the second half of the words was also assessed in recreation settings. The control instruction involved reading key words to the participants as needed in the recreational setting. Direct instruction with in vivo word find was demonstrated to be effective in promoting acquisition of functional sight words. Results were maintained after a 4-week follow-up period.


Noble metal (Rh, Ru, Pt, Pd) doped MnOx–CeO2/graphene catalysts were prepared by a hydrothermal method, which exhibited promoting effects on the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3 at low temperatures. The catalytic activity test results suggested that MnOx–CeO2–Pd/GR exhibited the best catalytic performance. Moreover, the addition of Pd to MnOx–CeO2/GR enhanced the resistance to SO2 poisoning. The obtained samples were characterized by XRD, HR-TEM, Raman, BET, XPS, H2-TPR and NH3-TPD. The results indicated that the doping of Rh, Ru, Pt or Pd had a synergistic effect due to the interaction between the dopant and the MnOx–CeOx solid solution. These interactions could improve the catalytic activity at low temperatures, because of the larger specific surface area and the higher atomic content of Mn4+ on the catalyst surface. Furthermore, Rh, Ru, Pt or Pd doping increased the amount of the chemisorbed oxygen and the surface acid sites, which played important roles in the SCR reaction process.


A laboratory for teaching computer networking techniques is described. Each workstation consists of a 68008 /spl mu/P operating under the OS-9 operating system. The workstations are networked via an ARCNET local area network to a common file server. The workstations were initially constructed to teach microprocessors and have been designed so that external components can be interfaced to them via a proprietary bus design using prototyping boards with plug-in wires and components. The computer networking experiments use groups of four workstations connected via their serial interfaces to a simple circuit that simulates a bus. This circuit also detects a collision on the bus caused by more than one station transmitting simultaneously and signals the four workstations via their DCD lines. Two semesters of laboratory experiments have been developed. The first builds MAC layer protocols and the second builds higher layer protocols. >


Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based radiologic stent in guidance for preimplant placement procedures. Setting and Design: This study was a pilot study conducted among 5 patients who presented for dental implants and attending the department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, ITS Dental College, Muradnagar for CBCT volumetric scans. Materials and Methods: The dimensions of bone available for implants were measured from the scans. A radiologic stent was prepared on the study model using three radiopaque pins per implant site, which simulated the implant in the CBCT scan. The pin which was in the direction of the residual bone was identified and retained, and the remaining pins were removed. The retained pin was utilized and the final surgical stent was prepared. It was checked if the final implant placement could be accomplished surgically using the modified stent. Results: A total of 7 implants were inserted. The final implant placement was based on the CBCT data and was evaluated by postoperative radiographs. All the implant sites showed proper placement of the implants. Conclusion: The stent used in our study was cost effective and easy to fabricate. Apart from the anteroposterior direction, it was also possible to give buccolingual direction to the implant, reducing the chances of perforation.


In this study, we demonstrate how field enhancement due to plasmonic resonances can noticeably improve the efficiency of third harmonic generation (THG) from graphene sheets on a grating substrate under normal illumination of terahertz (THz) waves. We explore how different parameters of graphene and the substrate can affect the strength of the resonance and, thus, the third harmonic (TH) level. Interestingly, we show that the gate voltage tunability of the linear and nonlinear conductivities of graphene and, thus, the resonant frequency of the structure, enable the achievement and control of the plasmonic resonance enhanced THG over the THz frequency band. Based on our finite difference time domain (FDTD) numerical simulations, we reveal that a more than 5 orders of magnitude improvement in the TH level would be achievable by placing high quality graphene samples on a grating substrate under resonant conditions instead of placing them on a flat substrate. We hope that these findings can pave the way for the development of a plethora of valuable applications in the THz frequency band, such as generating new frequencies, spectroscopy, and signal processing.