The scene on the Robinson skyphos was wrongly identified for years as a depiction of clay‐working, either in a kiln or other preparation area. Recent scholarship has correctly identified it instead as one related to the grain harvest. This article presents a new examination of the scene, pointing out details the importance of which had not previously been noted. It also brings to bear comparanda from Egyptian art which put the identification of the scene beyond doubt.


This paper deals with applying semantic Web technologies to the social Web can lead to a social semantic Web, creating a network of interlinked and semantically rich knowledge. One of the most visible trends on the Web is the emergence of social Web sites, which help people create and gather knowledge by simplifying user contributions via blogs, tagging and folksonomies, wikis, podcasts, and online social networks. The social Web has enabled community-based knowledge acquisition.


The strengthening of shear panels of plate girder with CFRP plate investigated in this research. The research is an experimental investigation of plate girders strengthened by using CFRP plate attached in shear panels on both side of the web. This work includes testing of fourteen plate girder specimens under four-point loads. Four specimens were tested to study the influence of the amount of the CFRP plate. Three of them were strengthened, while the last one was tested without strengthening and it acts as a reference specimen. The effect of the orientation of CFRP plate was also investigated by testing four specimens strengthened by different orientation of CFRP plate and compared with reference specimen used in group one of the specimens. These specimens had the same dimensions. The experimental results show that the major effect of the CFRP plates is to enhance the stability of the plate girder. The CFRP plate increases significantly the buckling load through the contribution of the CFRP to delay the buckling of the web of the plate girder. This increase was about 92%. Also, it is found that the strengthening of the plate girder by using CFRP will increase the ultimate load by about 55%.


We have used the ESO Nearby Abell Cluster Survey (ENACS) in combination with the Cosmos Galaxy Catalogue, to investigate the existence of a Fundamental Plane (FP) for rich clusters of galaxies. The 20 clusters with the most regular projected galaxy distributions appear to define a quite narrow FP, which is similar to the FP found by Schaeffer et al., who used other clusters. Our cluster FP appears to be different from that of ellipticals, as well as from the virial prediction. The latter fact may have several physical explanations, or a combination thereof. If M/L varies with L this will change the FP slope away from the virial slope. Differences in dynamical structure between clusters will also produce deviations from the virial FP. In view of the long virialization time-scales in all but the very central parts of galaxy clusters, the deviation of the cluster FP from the virial expectation may also result from clusters not being totally virialized. The scatter of the observations around the cluster FP is fairly small. An important part of the observed scatter is likely to be intrinsic. If this intrinsic spread were due exclusively to deviations from the Hubble flow it would imply cluster peculiar velocities of at most about 1000 km.s-1.


Carbonate diagenesis encapsulates a wide range of water rock interactions that can occur within many environments and act to modify rock properties such as porosity, permeability, and mineralogical composition. These rock modification processes occur by the supply of reactant-laden fluids to areas where geochemical reactions are ther- modynamically and kinetically favoured. As such, understanding the development of diagenesis requires an understanding of both palaeohydrology and geochemistry, both of which have their own complexities.However, within geological systems, both the conditions that control fluid migration and the distribution of thermodynamic conditions can change through time in response to external factors. Furthermore, they are often coupled, with rock modification exercis- ing a control on fluid flow by altering the permeability of sediments. Numerical methods allow the coupling of multiple complex processes within a single mathematical formu- lation. As such, they are well suited to investigations into carbonate diagenesis, where multiple component subsystems interact. This thesis details the application of four sep- arate types of numerical forward modelling to investigations of diagenesis within two Carboniferous carbonate platforms, the Derbyshire Platform (Northern England) and the Tengiz Platform (Western Kazakhstan).Investigations of Derbyshire Platform diagenesis are primarily concerned with ex- plaining the presence of Pb-mineralisation and dolomitisation observed within the Di- nantian carbonate succession. A coupled palaeohydrology and basin-development sim- ulation and a series of geochemical simulations was used to investigate the potential for these products to form as a result of basin-derived fluids being driven into the platform by compaction. The results of these models suggest that this mechanism is appropriate for explaining Pb-mineralisation, but dolomitisation requires Mg concentrations within the basin-derived fluids that cannot be attained. Geothermal convection of seawater was thus proposed as an alternative hypothesis to explain the development of dolomitisation. This was tested using an advanced reactive transport model, capable of considering both platform growth and dolomitisation. The results of this suggests that significant dolomi- tisation may have occurred earlier on in the life of the Derbyshire Platform than has previously been recognised. An updated framework for the development of diagenesis in the Derbyshire Platform is proposed to incorporate these new insights.The Tengiz platform forms an important carbonate oil reservoir at the northeastern shore of the Caspian sea. The effective exploitation of any reservoir lies in an under- standing of its internal distributions of porosity and permeability. Within carbonate systems, this is critically controlled by the distribution of diagenetic products. A model of carbonate sedimentation and meteoric diagenesis is used to produce a framework of early diagenesis within a sequence stratigraphic context.The studies mentioned above provide a broad overview of the capabilities and ap- plicability of forward numerical models to two data-limited systems. They reveal the potential for these methods to guide the ongoing assessment and development of our understanding of diagenetic systems and also help identify key questions for the pro- gression of our understanding in the future.


This paper outlines the development of family medicine in seven Middle Eastern countries. Some of the first family medicine activity occurred in Turkey in 1961, in Bahrain in 1978, in Lebanon in 1979, in Jordan in 1981, and in Kuwait in 1983. Family medicine programs have also been established in Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Libya, and Iraq. In most programs, family medicine training occurs largely in hospitals, even though few Middle Eastern family physicians practice in hospitals after completion of residency training. Thus, there is a need for better outpatient training, but resistance from those responsible for traditional medical education makes it difficult to change the current model of family medicine education. There is also need for better opportunities for professional development after graduation and for establishing research activity in family medicine.


We propose a lateral inhibition system and analyze contrasting patterns of gene expression. The system consists of a set of compartments interconnected by channels. Each compartment contains a colony of cells that produce diffusible molecules to be detected by the neighboring colonies. Each cell is equipped with an inhibitory circuit that reduces its production when the detected signal is sufficiently strong. We characterize the parameter range in which steady-state patterns emerge.


This article is about the transnational movement of policy discourses on childcare. It considers whether the spread of neoliberal ideas with their emphasis on marketisation, on the one hand, and a social investment discourse on the other, are leading to convergence in childcare arrangements in Nordic countries (Finland and Sweden) and liberal Anglo-Saxon countries (Australia and Canada). We find points of convergence around both themes at the level of policy discourse and continued diversity in the way these ideas are translated into actual policies. In other words, convergence is mediated by institutions and political realignments.


Objective of the study: We aim to perform a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to clarify how Social Media (SM) are used to develop and strengthen Knowledge Management (KM) in organizations. Methodology/approach: We made a SLR supported by meta-analyses using the technique conceptualized by Kitchenham (2004). In this study, we selected all articles in the SciELO website that directly mentioned any of the names among the eight SM sites researched, then followed the steps described by Kitchenham (2004) from planning to execution and presentation of the results. Originality/Relevance: We made a review of all national researches published in Portuguese that addresses the use of SM in organizational environments, responsible for synthesizing the knowledge of the area. Main results: We observed an incipient presence of studies on SM associated with KM. However, there is a gradual increase in the number of publications over the years. We also found a concentration of published papers in the CAPES evaluation fields Interdisciplinary and Languages, with a predominance of qualitative research. Most of the studies found portray Facebook as the main SM used for KM, with the improvement of organizational communication, corporate education, and access to information as the major objective. Theoretical/methodological contributions: We present the empirical research on KM and SM already published in Portuguese in the journals of greatest national impact. We achieve a methodological application of the procedures suggested by Kitchenham (2004). Social/management contributions: We synthesize the KM practices used by organizations within the environment of SM, enabling the construction of a future research agenda.


Now available in paperback, the New York Times bestseller. When John F. Kennedy called America "the land we love" more than 42 years ago, he was reminding us of the lofty ideals on which our country was founded. But what are those ideals, and how have Americans defined them Is America the land of George Washington and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who rallied the country's spirits for unity in wartime, or is it a land of dissent, a land in which Frederick Douglass, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Martin Luther King, Jr. remind us of our duty to protect our most fundamental freedoms? Are we defined by the speeches of Thomas Jefferson and Ronald Reagan or by the humor of H.L. Mencken and Mark Twain? Caroline Kennedy's answer in A Patriot's Handbook is that we are all of those things and more. The poems, songs, speeches, letters, and historical documents that Caroline Kennedy has chosen for this remarkable collection remind us of the foundations on which America was built. But they also ask us to examine what it truly means to be a "patriot," even if our assumptions are challenged along the way, because it is only by doing so that America can "truly be our own." Voices as diverse as the nation itself: Thomas Jefferson Cole Porter Chief Red Jacket Amy Tan Betty Friedan Albert Einstein George W. Bush Loretta Lynn John F. Kennedy Martin Luther King, Jr. Bob Dylan Cesar Chavez Toni Morrison Groucho Marx and many more


We investigate photon emission from a moving particle in an expanding universe. This process is analogous to the radiation from an accelerated charge in the classical electromagnetic theory. Using the framework of quantum field theory in curved spacetime, we demonstrate that the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) approximation leads to the Larmor formula for the rate of the radiation of energy from a moving charge in an expanding universe. Using exactly solvable models in a radiation-dominated universe and in a Milne universe, we examine the validity of the WKB formula. It is shown that the quantum effect suppresses the radiation energy in comparison with the WKB formula.


This paper studies a lattice-code based multiple-access (LCMA) framework, and develops a package of processing techniques that are essential to its practical implementation. In the uplink, $K$ users encode their messages with the same ring coded modulation of $2^{m}$-PAM signaling. With it, the integer sum of multiple codewords belongs to the $n$-dimension lattice of the base code. Such property enables efficient \textit{algebraic binning} for computing linear combinations of $K$ users' messages. For the receiver, we devise two new algorithms, based on linear physical-layer network coding and linear filtering, to calculate the symbol-wise a posteriori probabilities (APPs) w.r.t. the $K$ streams of linear codeword combinations. The resultant APP streams are forwarded to the $q$-ary belief-propagation decoders, which parallelly compute $K$ streams of linear message combinations. Finally, by multiplying the inverse of the coefficient matrix, all users' messages are recovered. Even with single-stage parallel processing, LCMA is shown to support a remarkably larger number of users and exhibits improved frame error rate (FER) relative to existing NOMA systems such as IDMA and SCMA. Further, we propose a new multi-stage LCMA receiver relying on \emph{generalized matrix inversion}. With it, a near-capacity performance is demonstrated for a wide range of system loads. Numerical results demonstrate that the number of users that LCMA can support is no less than 350\% of the length of the spreading sequence or number of receive antennas. Since LCMA relaxes receiver iteration, off-the-shelf channel codes in standards can be directly utilized, avoiding the compatibility and convergence issue of channel code and detector in IDMA and SCMA.


Abstract. Large interannual atmospheric CO2 variability is dominated by the
response of the terrestrial biosphere to El Nino–Southern Oscillation
(ENSO). However, the behavior of terrestrial ecosystems differs during
different El Ninos in terms of patterns and biological processes. Here,
we comprehensively compare two extreme El Ninos (2015/16 and 1997/98) in
the context of a multi-event "composite" El Nino. We find large
differences in the terrestrial carbon cycle responses, even though the two
events were of similar magnitude. More specifically, we find that the global-scale land–atmosphere carbon flux ( FTA ) anomaly during the 1997/98 El Nino
was 1.64  Pg C yr−1 , but half that quantity during the 2015/16 El Nino (at 0.73  Pg C yr−1 ). Moreover,
 FTA showed no obvious lagged response during the 2015/16 El Nino, in contrast to that during 1997/98. Separating the
global flux by geographical regions, we find that the fluxes in the tropics and extratropical Northern Hemisphere were 1.70 and
 − 0.05  Pg C yr−1 during 1997/98, respectively. During 2015/16, they were 1.12 and − 0.52  Pg C yr−1 ,
respectively. Analysis of the mechanism shows that, in the tropics, the widespread drier and warmer conditions caused a decrease in
gross primary productivity (GPP; − 0.73  Pg C yr−1 ) and an increase in terrestrial ecosystem respiration (TER;
0.62  Pg C yr−1 ) during the 1997/98 El Nino. In contrast, anomalously wet conditions occurred in the Sahel and East
Africa during 2015/16, which caused an increase in GPP, compensating for its reduction in other tropical regions. As a result, the
total 2015/16 tropical GPP and TER anomalies were − 0.03 and 0.95  Pg C yr−1 . GPP dominance during 1997/98 and TER
dominance during 2015/16 accounted for the phase difference in their FTA . In the extratropical Northern Hemisphere, the
large difference occurred because temperatures over Eurasia were warmer during the 2015/16, as compared with the cooling seen during
the 1997/98 and the composite El Nino. These warmer conditions enhanced GPP and TER over Eurasia during the 2015/16 El Nino,
while these fluxes were suppressed during 1997/98. The total extratropical Northern Hemisphere GPP and TER anomalies were 0.63 and
0.55  Pg C yr−1 during1997/98, and 1.90 and 1.45  Pg C yr−1 during 2015/16, respectively. Additionally,
wildfires played a less important role during the 2015/16 than during the 1997/98 El Nino.


It has been crucial to leverage the rich information of multiple modalities in many tasks. Existing works have tried to design multi-modal networks with descent multi-modal fusion modules. Instead, we focus on improving generalization capability of multi-modal networks, especially the fusion module. Viewing the multi-modal data as different projections of information, we first observe that bad projection can cause poor generalization behaviors of multi-modal networks. Then, motivated by well-generalized network's low sensitivity to perturbation, we propose a novel multi-modal training method, multi-head modularization (MHM). We modularize a multi-modal network as a series of uni-modal embedding, multi-modal embedding, and task-specific head modules. Also, for training, we exploit multiple head modules learned with different datasets, swapping each other. From this, we can make the multi-modal embedding module robust to all the heads with different generalization behaviors. In testing phase, we select one of the head modules not to increase the computational cost. Owing to the perturbation of head modules, though including one selected head, the deployed network is more well-generalized compared to the simply end-to-end learned. We verify the effectiveness of MHM on various multi-modal tasks. We use the state-of-the-art methods as baselines, and show notable performance gain for all the baselines.


The traditional, local breed Schwäbisch-Hällisches Schwein is originally located in the region of Hohenlohe in Baden-Württemberg, which still is the main breeding area. The breed was developed since nearly 200 years ago by the local farmers and is well adapted to the regional conditions. Next to the genetic value of the old breed in terms of biodiversity, it is the basement for a sustainable local pork chain. In terms of scientific substantiation, their performances and products are mainly untapped. Thus the aim of the present chapter is to present history and current status of Schwäbisch-Hällisches pig breed, its exterior phenotypic characteristics, geographical location, production system and main products from this German autochthonous breed of pigs, one of the local pig breeds investigated in the project TREASURE. Moreover, a collection and review of available literature data, available until August 2017, on reproductive and productive traits of Schwäbisch-Hällisches pig breed were carried out. Meat quality of longissimus muscle completed the conventional productive traits as it is of great interest in autochthonous breeds. Although studies on Schwäbisch-Hällisches pig are scarce, current review gives the first insight into this local pig breed.


Purpose – At a time when secondary vocational education is implementing competence-based education (CBE) on a large scale, to adapt to the needs of students and of the labour market in a modern society, many vocational schools have recognised that interdisciplinary teacher teams are an important condition for this implementation. In order to provide students with the right competences for the labour market, different subject teachers should work and learn together and, by doing so, should be able to develop changes and improvements to ensure the effective implementation of CBE. In spite of the appeal of forming teacher teams in vocational education, studies on this subject show that teams in educational settings are not easily implemented. This paper aims to address this issue.

Design/methodology/approach – In this study, 28 managers from a Vocational Education and Training (VET) college in The Netherlands were interviewed in order to find factors that are related to effective team functioning. The authors choose to rely on a qualitative approach, because there has hardly been any empirical validation of factors that are related to effective team functioning in a vocational education context. In order to determine what factors influence team effectiveness, the results from the interviews have been related to what is known about team effectiveness from the literature.

Findings – By relating the results from the interviews to what is known about team effectiveness from the literature, a framework for future research on team effectiveness in schools is provided. In line with the organisational and psychological literature on team effectiveness, the managers distinguished several aspects in their definition of team effectiveness. Moreover, the findings of the study highlight the importance of the development of task interdependence, transformational leadership, and group efficacy for producing effective teams in education.

Originality/value – Although teams and team functioning have been the focus of researchers from different disciplines and have been studied from different perspectives, studies on the conditions that support or limit the successful implementation of teacher teams in vocational education are still scarce. The results of this study are expected to provide a deeper understanding of the mechanism that underlies the ability of teacher teams in vocational education to function effectively


Faced with declining resources for health care and greater pressures to improve productivity of nursing staff, nursing administrators must act now to develop organizational responses to morale problems among nursing staff. As part of a two-part series for JONA, the authors describe low-cost organizational approaches that address nursing morale. Presented in Part 1 is a low-cost diagnostic process for assessing needs of staff and appraising organizational dimensions contributing to morale. Assessment findings provide clear direction for developing organizational approaches for improving morale.


A new hybrid approach to air shower simulations is described. At highest energies, each particle is followed individually using the traditional Monte Carlo method; this initializes a system of cascade equations which are applicable for energies such that the shower is one dimensional. The cascade equations are solved numerically down to energies at which lateral spreading becomes significant; then, their output serves as a source function for a three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation of the final stage of the shower. This simulation procedure reproduces the natural fluctuations in the initial stages of the shower, gives accurate lateral distribution functions, and provides detailed information about all low energy particles on an event-by-event basis. It is quite efficient in computation time.


Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pathological disturbance in blood glucose regulation that is first detected during pregnancy. Pregnancy hormones, especially human placental lactogen, induce insulin resistance. a low-fat, whole-food, plant-based diet has been found to improve insulin sensitivity in prediabetes and type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Brooke was diagnosed with GDM despite having been on a 100% plantbased diet for 6 years prior to becoming pregnant; however, her diet was relatively high in fat. Within 10 days of reducing her fat intake to < 10% of daily energy, she achieved normal blood glucose readings.


Abstract:Residing in high-risk urban neighborhoods has a significant impact on the optimal psychosocial development of adolescent African American males. Living in these environments often increases exposure to economic distress and attendance at under-resourced schools, which may diminish opportunities for successful life outcomes. This qualitative systematic review examines how continuous exposure to high-risk neighborhoods affects the mental health of adolescent African American males. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, twelve articles were systematically reviewed. Results suggest that African American male adolescents continuously exposed to negative characteristics within their neighborhoods display higher rates of depression, and other symptoms of psychological distress. However, further research is needed to identify the specific mechanisms in high-risk neighborhoods that are most salient in increasing their negative mental health symptoms.


The evolutionary hypotheses on plant-herbivore interaction assume that plant sec- ondary compounds, such as the phlorotannins of brown algae, function as feeding deterrents for her- bivores. We studied the effect of seaweed quality on the feeding preferences and performance of the isopod Idotea baltica. We offered I. baltica 6 species of algae, abundant in the Fucus vesiculosus belts where this mesograzer lives, in simultaneous preference tests. The tests were conducted both with natural algae and with artificial food made of freeze-dried and powdered algae of the same species. We found clear feeding preferences among the natural algae: the order of decreasing preference was F. vesiculosus > Dictyosiphon foeniculaceus > Elachista fucicola > Pilayella littoralis > Enteromorpha intestinalis > Ceramium tenuicorne. The preferences in the test with artificial food, however, did not parallel those with natural algae, suggesting that the chemical quality of algae is not the major deter- minant of feeding preferences. Furthermore, performance of isopods when reared on a diet of single algal species did not match the feeding preferences of natural algae: the most preferred brown alga provided poor growth rate. Surprisingly, the more phlorotannin a seaweed species contained, the more it was preferred by I. baltica. Moreover, the assimilation efficiency of soluble sugars was gen- erally high when isopods fed on brown algae, and in the 2 species richest in phlorotannins it was not correlated with the phlorotannin concentration of the algal individual. In contrast to the conventional assumption of the defensive function of phlorotannins, this study shows that phlorotannins in sea- weeds do not function as feeding deterrents to I. baltica. Instead, this herbivore readily feeds on phenolic-rich host plants, which, however, carries a cost in terms of decreased growth rate. We sug- gest that feeding preferences and habitat choice behavior evolve together; habitat structure, in terms of predation avoidance, and the spatiotemporal stability of the host algae are more important factors selecting for feeding preferences in mesoherbivores than the chemical composition of algae.


Electrical and local chemical stimulation of the n. cuneiformis, the parabrachial medial nucleus, the n. raphe median and the n. raphe magnus induces an inhibition of locomotor activity in rats. Changes of the legs' flexor and extensor muscles' tone followed electrical stimulation of the inhibitory zones. Lesion of the n. n. median and magnus raphe blocks the inhibitory effects of electrical stimulation of the n. cuneiformis and the parabrachial medial nucleus.


This research aims to describe the marketing strategy of kripik tempe industry as business continuity, to get profits and to expand the market. Theories used in this research are social action theory by Max Weber about rational action and action theory by Talcott Parson. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative. Data were taken by depth-interview, observation, and documentation methods. Moreover, this research used the purposive sampling as the technique of sampling. Besides, this research also used data triangulation of source of data and interactive model for analyzing data. The results of the research conclude that the producers of kripik tempe industry in Karangtengah Prandon Village use both production and marketing strategies for maintaining their business. In production strategy, producers have particular strategies to concern about raw materials, capital, workers, technology, and wage. The problem faced by the producers about raw material is the increasing price of the raw material itself. In general, the producers do not face the problems of capital, technology that is used, and also wage. Wages that are paid by the producers to their workers depend on how many kilograms of kripik tempe produced by the workers and the agreement between the producers and the workers about the payday. On the other hand in marketing strategy, producers determine prices, marketing place, distribution and promotion. The decision of the price is based on the raw materials that are used so that the prices of kripik tempe are different since there is no any agreement among the producers. Generally, the distribution system of kripik tempe is by placing the products in many stores as most of the producers haven't promoted their products yet. However, in facts each of producers has their own strategies that can be manifested in the best way in order to achieve the goal. The marketing and production strategies that are used by producers should be correlated one to another as both needs to be run together. While the strategy used in the production process is used to maintain the marketing strategy of the products, the marketing strategy is used to keep the marketing process run well so does the production process. Keywords : business continuity, production strategy, marketing strategy


Organic aerosol (OA) is a major component of fine particulate matter (PM), affecting air quality, human health, and the climate. The absorptive and reflective behavior of OA components contributes to determining particle optical properties and thus their effects on the radiative budget of the troposphere. There is limited knowledge on the influence of the molecular composition of OA on particle optical properties in the polluted urban environment. In this study, we characterized the molecular composition of oxygenated OA collected on filter samples in the autumn of 2018 in Beijing, China, with a filter inlet for gases and aerosols coupled to a high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (FIGAERO–CIMS). Three haze episodes occurred during our sampling period with daily maximum concentrations of OA of 50, 30, and 55 μg m−3. We found that the signal intensities of dicarboxylic acids and sulfur-containing compounds increased during the two more intense haze episodes, while the relative contributions of wood-burning markers and other aromatic compounds were enhanced during the cleaner periods. We further assessed the optical properties of oxygenated OA components by combining detailed chemical composition measurements with collocated particle light absorption measurements. We show that light absorption enhancement (Eabs) of black carbon (BC) was mostly related to Pl ea se no te th e re m ar ks at th e en d of th e m an us cr ip t. Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 2 J. Cai et al.: Organic aerosol composition and their absorptive properties by offline FIGAERO–CIMS more oxygenated OA (e.g., dicarboxylic acids), likely formed in aqueous-phase reactions during the intense haze periods with higher relative humidity, and speculate that they might contribute to lensing effects. Aromatics and nitro-aromatics (e.g., nitrocatechol and its derivatives) were mostly related to a high light absorption coefficient (babs) consistent with light-absorbing (brown) carbon (BrC). Our results provide information on oxygenated OA components at the molecular level associated with BrC and BC particle light absorption and can serve as a basis for further studies on the effects of anthropogenic OA on radiative forcing in the urban environment.


In both cases a view of the fetal abdomen in which the dilated bowel loops demonstrated the typical whirlpool configuration was described. Cesarean section was performed without delay in both cases. Laparotomy confirmed the prenatal findings in both infants. The bowel loops were twisted and looked like a whirlpool as seen on prenatal ultrasound. Neither malrotation nor atresia was identified. In both cases the effected bowel loops were found to be necrotic and were resected. A temporary double barrel enterostomy was created. The combination of whirlpool sign and pathologic fetal heart rate patterns might indicate intrauterine volvulus. A review of the literature gives evidence that delivering affected babies without delay is warranted.


Classical evolutionary theory maintains that mutation rate variation between genes should be random with respect to fitness 1–4 and evolutionary optimization of genic mutation rates remains controversial 3,5. However, it has now become known that cytogenetic (DNA sequence + epigenomic) features influence local mutation probabilities 6, which is predicted by more recent theory to be a prerequisite for beneficial mutation rates between different classes of genes to readily evolve 7. To test this possibility, we used de novo mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana to create a high resolution predictive model of mutation rates as a function of cytogenetic features across the genome. As expected, mutation rates are significantly predicted by features such as GC content, histone modifications, and chromatin accessibility. Deeper analyses of predicted mutation rates reveal effects of introns and untranslated exon regions in distancing coding sequences from mutational hotspots at the start and end of transcribed regions in A. thaliana. Finally, predicted coding region mutation rates are significantly lower in genes where mutations are more likely to be deleterious, supported by numerous estimates of evolutionary and functional constraint. These findings contradict neutral expectations that mutation probabilities are independent of fitness consequences. Instead they are consistent with the evolution of lower mutation rates in functionally constrained loci due to cytogenetic features, with important implications for evolutionary biology8.


Left atrial enlargement (LAE) is associated with increased risk of death and hospitalizations. We sought to determine the relationship between left atrial size and common demographic and echocardiographic parameters in adult Nigerians with long standing hypertension. A two dimensional echocardiography was performed on 81 patients with long standing hypertension and 80 normotensive controls after physical examination. The left ventricular mass (LVM) was calculated and indexed to body surface area to obtain the left ventricular mass index (LVMI).The hypertensive group was divided into those with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and those without LVH based on their LVMI. Pearson's Correlation Coefficient test was used to determine the relationship between LAE and demographic and echocardiographic parameters.The echocardiographic parameters were significantly higher in the hypertensive group than controls. Within hypertensives, they were significantly higher in those with LVH than those without LVH. The prevalence of LAE in the hypertensive population was 50.6%. It was more prevalent in those with LVH than those without LVH with rates of 80.5% versus 19.5% (χ2 = 9.586; p=0.002). The strongest correlate of LAE was LVM (r = 0.565; p<0.001) followed by LVH (r = 0.550; p<0.001). LAE is significantly associated with increased LVM and LVH in patients with long standing hypertension. This emphasizes the need for early institution and development of drugs that inhibit LVH in hypertensive patients.


Ribosome biogenesis is a multi-step process that couples cell growth with cell proliferation. Although several large-scale analysis of preribosomal particles have identified numerous trans-acting factors involved in this process, many proteins involved in pre-rRNA processing and ribosomal subunit maturation have yet to be identified. Las1 was originally identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a protein involved in cell morphogenesis. We previously demonstrated that the human homolog, Las1L, is required for efficient ITS2 rRNA processing and synthesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit. Here, we report that the functions of Las1 in ribosome biogenesis are also conserved in S. cerevisiae. Depletion of Las1 led to the accumulation of both the 27S and 7S rRNA intermediates and impaired the synthesis of the 60S subunit. We show that Las1 co-precipitates mainly with the 27S rRNA and associates with an Nsa1 and Rix1-containing pre-60S particle. We further identify Grc3 as a major Las1-interacting protein. We demonstrate that the kinase activity of Grc3 is required for efficient pre-rRNA processing and that depletion of Grc3 leads to rRNA processing defects similar to the ones observed in Las1-depleted cells. We propose that Las1 and Grc3 function together in a conserved mechanism to modulate rRNA processing and eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis.


A new global navigation satellite system (GNSS) dataset of digitized RF signals named the Oak Ridge Spoofing and Interference Test Battery (OAKBAT) has been created. OAKBAT contains digitized spoofing signals that serve as both a supporting "sibling," and an advancement to the widely used Texas Spoofing Test Battery (TEXBAT) dataset [1]. OAKBAT at its core was developed to 1) allow for 100% reproducibility of the data, 2) provide more detailed metadata and contextual information about each dataset such as the precise moment the spoofing and/or interference signals begins, positions used, constellations visible, etc., and 3) to provide datasets generated using the same key parameters as the TEXBAT ds1 through ds6 datasets. Through these "sibling" datasets it will now be possible to determine if the behavior of algorithms and designs developed utilizing these datasets are affected by possible intrinsic behavior and properties of the equipment used in the generation and digitization of either of the two datasets. The end goal of OAKBAT is to be a new resource for the community of researchers and developers working in the field of GNSS. This additional source of data provides a GNSS "playground" on which to experiment, explore, and evaluate new ideas.


After swelling in hypotonic solutions, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) shrink toward their original volumes. Upon restoration of isotonicity, the cells initially shrink but then regain near-normal size again. This regulatory volume increase (RVI) is abolished by removal of Na+o or Cl-o or by addition of amiloride. RVI is unaffected by removal of K+o or by ouabain and is only partially inhibited by 1 mM furosemide. As a result of increased influx, the cells gain both Na+ and K+ during reswelling. In contrast, only Na+ content increases in the presence of ouabain. Amiloride largely eliminates the changes in the content of both cations. Using diS-C3-(5), no significant membrane potential changes were detected during RVI, which suggests that the fluxes are electroneutral. The cytoplasmic pH of volume-static cells was measured with 5,6-dicarboxyfluorescein. After acid loading, the addition of extracellular Na+ induced an amiloride-inhibitable alkalinization, which is consistent with Na+/H+ exchange. Cytoplasmic pH was not affected by cell shrinkage itself, but an internal alkalinization, which was also amiloride sensitive and Na+ dependent, developed during reswelling. In isotonic lightly buffered solutions without HCO-3, an amiloride-sensitive acidification of the medium was measurable when Na+ was added to shrunken PBM. K+ was unable to mimic this effect. The observations are compatible with the model proposed by Cala (J. Gen. Physiol. 1980. 76:683-708), whereby an electroneutral Na+o/H+i exchange is activated by osmotic shrinking. Cellular volume gain occurs as Cl-o simultaneously exchanges for either HCO-3i or OH-i. Na+i is secondarily replaced by K+ through the pump, but this step is not essential for RVI.


In this paper we test the hypothesis that central bank independence is closely correlated to social agreement about decisions on income distribution. Using data from a panel of OECD countries over the period 1972-2002 and controlling for several macroeconomic factors, we find evidence in favour of this hypothesis. When some indexes of corporatism are used to allow for the degree of social agreement on income distribution and its determination, the relationship between inflation and CBI weakens considerably. This evidence is consistent with the mechanism posited in Pittaluga - Cama (2004) according to which society formally endows the central bank with independence in order to safeguard a key principle of democracy, namely that decision-makers should be clearly responsible for their choices and actions.


Abstract Genome instability is a characteristic enabling factor for carcinogenesis. HelQ helicase is a component of human DNA maintenance systems that prevent or reverse genome instability arising during DNA replication. Here, we provide details of the molecular mechanisms that underpin HelQ function—its recruitment onto ssDNA through interaction with replication protein A (RPA), and subsequent translocation of HelQ along ssDNA. We describe for the first time a functional role for the non-catalytic N-terminal region of HelQ, by identifying and characterizing its PWI-like domain. We present evidence that this domain of HelQ mediates interaction with RPA that orchestrates loading of the helicase domains onto ssDNA. Once HelQ is loaded onto the ssDNA, ATP-Mg2+ binding in the catalytic site activates the helicase core and triggers translocation along ssDNA as a dimer. Furthermore, we identify HelQ-ssDNA interactions that are critical for the translocation mechanism. Our data are novel and detailed insights into the mechanisms of HelQ function relevant for understanding how human cells avoid genome instability provoking cancers, and also how cells can gain resistance to treatments that rely on DNA crosslinking agents.


N -Methyl lycaconitine is the most effective low molecular weight antagonist reported for an insect neuronal nicotinic receptor. In the present study, the citrate salt of this neurotoxin from the plant Delphinium brownii was found to inhibit [3H]-α-bungarotoxin binding to nerve cord extracts of the cockroach Periplaneta americana with a Ki of l.4×10−9moll−1. At a concentration of 1.0×10−7moll−1, N -methyl lycaconitine completely blocked the response to ionophoretically applied acetylcholine recorded from the cell body membrane of the fast coxal depressor motor neurone (Df) in the desheathed metathoracic ganglion of the cockroach. The block was voltage-independent over the range of membrane potential −100 to −30 mV. The effectiveness of N -methyl lycaconitine on the nicotinic receptor, which is present in very high concentrations in the insect nervous system, suggests that this alkaloid is a natural plant protection agent.


Introduction : In view of high healthcare expenditure, Malaysia also faces problems in healthcare financing. The policy option is to establish a national health financing scheme. However, it is a problem to develop mechanisms to cover social insurance package to more than one third of the population working in informal sector such as farmers. Therefore, there is an urgent need to assess the ability and willingness of the farming community. The main objective was to study the ability and willingness in the farming community to contribute to national healthcare financing scheme.
Methodology : This a cross sectional study involved 400 farmers in Selangor. A total of 92.3% farmers were able to pay for the healthcare.
Results : Willingness to contribute to The national healthcare financing scheme were RM2.00 per month.
Conclusion : The education level influenced the ability to pay while the educational level and per capita income influenced willingness to pay.


The objective of this chapter is to evaluate the research pertinent to the use of dietary interventions to treat autism. A brief description, rationale, any evidence of efficacy and validity of methodology employed for most frequently used inventions in autism follows. The number of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased significantly over the last decades in the U.S. and in other countries. Yet to date, there is no clear etiology or cure for autism. In most cases, specific underlying causes cannot be identified (Cubala-Kucharska, 2010). A number of risk factors being investigated include genetic, infectious, metabolic, nutritional and environmental, but less than 10 to 12% of cases have specific causes known (Srinivasan, 2009). Simultaneously the use of alternative treatment approaches in children with autism has increased, but due to significant methodological flaws, the currently available data are inadequate to guide treatment recommendations (Christison and Ivany , 2006). It has been suggested that nutritional factors play a major role. Significantly lower levels of various nutrients in blood have been observed in autistic children including low levels of zinc, selenium, vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids (Elder, 2008). In practice, treatment of ASD usually consists of a comprehensive program of educational intervention, speech therapy, behavioral treatment and developmental therapies. Anecdotal reports and parent surveys and a few research studies have indicated some evidence of diminishing the symptoms of autism by use of diets based on food elimination and rotation, as well as through supplementation and alternative treatments based on intestinal healing (CubalaKucharska,2010; Srinivasan, 2009 ). The popularity of these diets indicates a need for more in-depth and rigorous research into their efficacy. Currently a variety of nutritional interventions are in use, including gluten and caseinfree diet (GFCF), ketogenic diet, yeast free diet, restriction of food allergens, probiotics, and dietary supplementation with vitamins A, C, B6, folic acid , B12, minerals like magnesium and omega-3 fatty acids (Seung et. al, 2007). In most cases, the dietary interventions discussed below were developed for conditions related to autism, e.g., multiple food sensitivity, inflammatory bowel disease, Candida and viral infections. Wide use of complementary and alternative therapies (CAM) by parents and caregivers has been reported (Elder, 2008). The literature currently available suggests that diets removing both gluten and casein show some efficacy and should be studied further.


In this paper rough-set-based data mining strategy is formulated to analyze the relay trip assertion, impedance element activation, and fault characteristics of a distance relay decision system. Using rough set theory, the uncertainty and vagueness in the relay event report can be resolved using the concepts of discernibility, elementary sets and set approximations. Nowadays protection engineers are suffering from very complex implementations of protection system analysis due to massive quantities of data coming from diverse points of intelligent electronic devices. To help the protection engineers deal with the crucial necessity and benefit of protection system analysis without the arduous handling of overwhelming data, using recorded data resident in digital protective relays alone in an automated approach called knowledge discovery in database is certainly of an immense help. The rough set approach adopts an individually-event-based paradigm in which detailed time tracking analysis of relay operation has been successfully performed.


It is our privilege to present to you, as a regular feature in the Journal of Thermal Insulation, &dquo;REPORT FROM WASHINGTON&dquo; by Ms Shirley Z Johnson. Long neglected, the thermal insulation field has, since the &dquo;energy crisis&dquo;, come to the attention, like it or not, of a number of government agencies. None of us has been without feeling the impact of this attention. Ms Johnson has been directly involved with the thermal insulation industry actions involving the actimties of the agencies and other related organizations She is most qualified to keep us informed of what is taking place on the Washington scene We welcome her contnbution to our publication Charles M. Pelanne Editor-in-Chief


Gene-environment interactions underlying the etiology of alcoholism are amenable to investigation from a behavior-genetic perspective. The organismic characteristics that most frequently and reliably have been found to predispose to alcoholism are behavioral traits. Certain behavioral traits, viz., temperaments, have a substantial heritable contribution and comprise the elements from which complex habit patterns and personality traits develop. The unique interaction between the individual possessing certain extreme deviations in temperament traits with environmental contingencies occurring during the course of psychosocial development and throughout adulthood is hypothesized to determine the risk during any period of the lifespan for an alcoholism outcome.


The seven species of sea turtles occupy a diversity of niches, and have a history tracing back over 100 million years, yet all share basic life‐history features, including exceptional navigation skills and periodic migrations from feeding to breeding habitats. Here, we review the biogeographic, behavioural, and ecological factors that shape the distribution of genetic diversity in sea turtles. Natal homing, wherein turtles return to their region of origin for mating and nesting, has been demonstrated with mtDNA sequences. These maternally inherited markers show strong population structure among nesting colonies while nuclear loci reveal a contrasting pattern of male‐mediated gene flow, a phenomenon termed 'complex population structure'. Mixed‐stock analyses indicate that multiple nesting colonies can contribute to feeding aggregates, such that exploitation of turtles in these habitats can reduce breeding populations across the region. The mtDNA data also demonstrate migrations across entire ocean basins, some of the longest movements of marine vertebrates. Multiple paternity occurs at reported rates of 0–100%, and can vary by as much as 9–100% within species. Hybridization in almost every combination among members of the Cheloniidae has been documented but the frequency and ultimate ramifications of hybridization are not clear. The global phylogeography of sea turtles reveals a gradient based on habitat preference and thermal regime. The cold‐tolerant leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) shows no evolutionary partitions between Indo‐Pacific and Atlantic populations, while the tropical green (Chelonia mydas), hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata), and ridleys (Lepidochelys olivacea vs. L. kempi) have ancient separations between oceans. Ridleys and loggerhead (Caretta caretta) also show more recent colonization between ocean basins, probably mediated by warm‐water gyres that occasionally traverse the frigid upwelling zone in southern Africa. These rare events may be sufficient to prevent allopatric speciation under contemporary geographic and climatic conditions. Genetic studies have advanced our understanding of marine turtle biology and evolution, but significant gaps persist and provide challenges for the next generation of sea turtle geneticists.


Nodal explants of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were cultured in vitro to evaluate the effects of sugar concentration, photosynthetic photon flux ( PPF), CO2 concentration, ventilation rate of the vessel, and leaf removal on growth and photosynthesis. After 20 days of culture, the dry weights of plantlets derived from explants with leaves and cultured photoautotrophically (without sugar in the medium) under high PPF, high CO2 concentration, and high ventilation rate were more than twice as great as those of plantlets derived conventionally from explants without leaves and cultured photomixotrophically (with sugar in the medium) under low PPF, low CO2 concentration, and low ventilation rate (107 and 45 mg per plantlet, respectively). Under photomixotrophic micropropagation conditions, the dry weights of plantlets from explants with leaves increased more than did those of plantlets from explants without leaves. High PPF, high CO2 concentration, and high ventilation rate increased net photosynthetic rate and promoted growth of the plantlets under photomixotrophic micropropagation conditions. Photomixotrophic conditions produced the greatest dry weight and the longest shoots, but photoautotrophic conditions produced the highest net photosynthetic rate. The number of leaves did not differ significantly between photoau- totrophically and photomixotrophically cultured plantlets. Thus, photoautotrophic micropropagation is applicable to the production of high quality tomato transplants.


Provides resources and links related to College of Engineering Research Experiences for Undergraduates. Provides detailed instructions on how to efficiently search in the CAT and various databases. Also provides links to relevant, scholarly websites.


Hooked on Music (Burgoyne, Bountouridis, van Balen, & Honing, 2013) is a citizen science project developed to uncover what makes music memorable. The game consists of two stages: firstly, recognizing a song fragment, secondly, verifying that one actually knows that song well, by correctly singing along to it. Half of the time, the music actually continues in the correct spot, half of the time it does not. This study aims to uncover individual differences in long-term musical memory and demonstrate the use of Multivariate Item Response Theory (MIRT; Hambleton, Swaminathan, & Rogers, 1991) for this purpose. We performed a MIRT-based exploratory factor analysis to research individual differences in the Hooked on Music data, and used demographic data and audio-based corpus analysis to interpret the results. To the best of our knowledge, MIRT-based analysis has not been used in this area before. For the recognition data, we found a four-factor model ( R 2 = .47) that we interpreted as individual differences in music preference and/or attention to musical characteristics ( female vocals, rap/hip-hop, strong beat) , and age ( music released in the 1990s ). Our verification models seemed to mostly be a result of the participants' direct task at hand, representing player's abilities to sing along with the music and catch big changes in the music fragments (correct continuation, R 2 = .09; incorrect continuation, R 2 = .14). This demonstrated the use of MIRT in uncovering individual differences and showed which factors are of relevance in long-term musical memory, although confirmatory analysis


The crustal thickness and physical properties of the North China Craton (NCC) are important for understanding the destruction of NCC. We collected waveforms of teleseismic events which occurred from August 2007 to March 2009 from 323 broadband seismic stations deployed in the NCC region. In order to obtain reliable receiver functions, the broadband seismograms of 93 teleseismic earthquakes occurred in the epicentral distance range from 30 degree to 95 degree with magnitudes M6. 5 to M8. 5 were collected. Based on these data, we calculated the receiver functions for each of the seismic stations, and inverted for the distributions of crustal thickness and Poisson ratio for the NCC with fine spatial coverage. There are three characteristics of the crustal thickness and the Poisson ratio: (1) Crustal thinning process not only occurs in the east part of NCC, but also extends to the North South Gravity Lineament. (2) Crustal thinning also occurs in the rifts and basins surrounding the Ordos block, and the Poisson ratio in the surrounding rifts is higher than that inside of the Ordos block. In some rifts the Poisson ratio is as high as 0. 3. (3) The crustal thickness of NCC is negatively correlated to the topography, which is in consistence with Airy isostasy, which may imply that the NCC crust is experiencing a slow process of destruction and isostasy. While the isostasy degree is much lower in the central west and north east part of NCC.


Victor Almon McKusick (VAM) is widely recognized as the father of the field of medical genetics. He established one of the first medical genetics clinics in the United States at Johns Hopkins in 1957 and developed a robust training program with the tripartite mission of education, research, and clinical care. Thousands of clinicians and scientists were educated over the years through the Short Course in Medical and Molecular Genetics, which VAM founded with Dr. Thomas Roderick in 1960. His Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders, serves as the authoritative reference for geneticists around the globe. Throughout his career he was an advocate for mapping the human genome. He collaborated with Dr. Frank Ruddle in founding the International Human Gene Mapping Workshops in the early 70's and was an avid proponent of the Human Genome Project. He was the founding President of the Human Genome Organization and a founding editor of the journal Genomics. His prodigious contributions to the field of medical genetics were recognized by multiple honors, culminating with the Japan Prize in 2008.


In the Wireless sensor network, there may be possibility of failure of nodes because of the power drained or addition of new nodes or may be change in location of nodes due to physical movement. So to accommodate these types of dynamic changes in sensor nodes .MEMAC (Mobile Energy Aware Medium Access Control) protocol presents hybrid scheme of contention based and scheduled based scheme of previous MAC protocol having the purpose of overcome the drawbacks. .To avoid collision and energy consumption it must uses mobility information and acquires schedule according to mobility conditions and it also needs proper designing of mobility model for real life setting. Compressive sensing (CS) can reduce the number of data transmissions and balance the traffic load of the networks. Hence, the total number of data transmissions for collection of data by using pure CS is still large. The hybrid method of using CS to reduce the number of transmissions in sensor networks. Hence, the previous work uses the CS method on routing trees. In this paper, a clustering method that uses hybrid CS for sensor networks. The nodes are form in the clusters within that one sensor act as cluster head and other is cluster member. Within a cluster, nodes send data to cluster head (CH) without using CS. CHs use CS to transmit data to sink. In this paper Compressive sensing and MEMAC protocol is used for reducing the energy consumption of sensor nodes and also to reduce the congestion in the network.


BACKGROUND
Nursing research is fundamental to driving evidence-based practice and achieving safe outcomes for patients. Underpinning the discussion in this paper are nurse researchers who thought strategically during their undergraduate and postgraduate studies to build a body of credible research influencing patient outcomes and, in so doing, establish their careers.

AIM
To provide an overview of some of the career essentials that support a transition in role for the beginner or emerging researcher, otherwise known as the early career researcher.

DISCUSSION
Early career researchers need to acquire research competencies, to get involved in research teams, and to understand the research landscape and the various associated subtleties/vagaries and career trajectories. This is fundamental for establishing their credibility as researchers, and enabling them to undertake research that will influence policy and practice.

CONCLUSION
Establishing a research career is challenging, and takes time, effort, patience, perseverance and commitment. For beginner researchers, collegial support and mentoring are essential to support a viable, professional, sustainable, enquiring profession, and a satisfying career.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
Building individual capabilities and collaborative research teams together is fundamental to research success in adapting to new roles and workplaces.


The Longitudinal Studies in Child Abuse and Neglect (Longscan) have developed measures to assess how pre- adolescents perceive maltreatment to allow for a broader, more ecologically valid understanding of these experiences. These measures assess physical and sexual abuse in 12-year-old children, with the potential to capture experiences that Child Protective Services (CPS) and caregiver self-report may not identify. To integrate these self-report measures into a broader conceptualization of maltreatment, the following research questions are addressed: a. What are the latent class profiles of the Longscan self-report measures of physical and sexual abuse? Demographic factors (e.g., gender, ethnicity, and study site) will be included in these analyses. b. What is the agreement of youth self-report of physical and sexual abuse with CPS reports of those types of abuse? Data from 845 children participating in Longscan who have completed the 12-year-old interview and have complete CPS record reviews are used to identify distinct classes of children. Latent class analysis, a latent variable framework that groups children into classes based upon their self-report, is employed to explore the class profiles for physical abuse, sexual abuse, and combined physical and sexual abuse. From these analyses, the best fitting models are determined and agreement is then evaluated in relation to CPS reports of physical abuse and sexual abuse. Results from the latent class analyses point to a 2-class solution for physical abuse, a 3-class solution for sexual abuse, and a 4-class solution for combined physical and sexual abuse. Follow-up analyses indicate that CPS reports and youth self-report agree at a rate of: 65% for the physical abuse model, 83% for the sexual abuse model, and 64% for the combined model. In cases where self-report and CPS reports differ, children tend to under-report abuse. Overall, the models reveal that 12-year-old children respond in a nuanced manner when asked to self-report abuse. Therefore, youth self-report of abuse can be meaningfully classified and incorporated to existing ecological-developmental models of child maltreatment


Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor in children and adolescents. Previous studies showed that ATG4A is an autophagy-related gene involved in cancers. In this study, we aimed to identify the biological role of ATG4A in osteosarcoma. The expression levels of ATG4A were analyzed in osteosarcoma tissues by using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. ATG4A was knocked-down or overexpressed in SAOS2 and HOS cell lines by transfection. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and clone formation assay were used to assess the effects of ATG4A on cell proliferation. Wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to evaluate the effects of ATG4A on cell migration and invasion, respectively. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and Notch signaling pathway targeting molecules were examined by western blotting. The results indicated that ATG4A was up-regulated in osteosarcoma tissues. In SAOS2 cells, knockdown of ATG4A inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion, up-regulated the expression of E-cadherin and down-regulated the expression of vimentin, Notch1 and Hes1. In HOS cells, overexpression of ATG4A promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion, up-regulated the expression of vimentin, Notch1 and Hes1 and down-regulated the expression of E-cadherin. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that ATG4A is up-regulated in osteosarcoma tissues. In osteosarcoma cells, ATG4A promotes the EMT process partly by the Notch signaling pathway. These results suggest that ATG4A might represent a potential therapeutic target for patients with osteosarcoma.


Nationally, it was estimated that 11.4 million people misused opioids in 2017 with more than 47,000 opioid-related deaths. Although medication-assisted treatment (MAT) has been effective in enhancing treatment retention and decreasing frequency of opioid use, relapse rates for opioids and other substances remain high, emphasizing the importance of investigating novel interventions to augment MAT. One potential treatment approach is repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)-a noninvasive, electrophysiological method of neuromodulation. Recently published studies of rTMS in individuals with alcohol, nicotine, and cocaine use disorder have suggested that this treatment shows promise in reducing cravings and substance use. The literature specific to rTMS and opioid use disorder (OUD) is limited to a single published study in heroin users, which showed that a single session of rTMS to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) reduced cue-induced craving, with a further reduction following 5 consecutive days of rTMS. The following case report involved a 25-year-old Caucasian male diagnosed with OUD and cocaine use disorder. This subject continued to demonstrate ongoing substance use despite participating in comprehensive MAT with buprenorphine/naloxone in combination with psychosocial interventions. He was administered 7 separate sessions of rTMS targeting the left DLPFC. Substance-related cues were presented prior to, during, and following these rTMS administration sessions and the subject rated his substance cravings via a 100-point Visual Analog Scale. When compared with his cue-induced craving ratings, there was a mean reduction in craving for heroin and cocaine by ∼60% to 82% following the 7 administration sessions. Although this is a single case, further investigation of rTMS as an augmentation strategy for OUD and polysubstance use is warranted. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).


Summary form only given. In this paper, a new formulation for power system state estimation is proposed. The formulation is based on the regularized least squares method, which can deal with ill-posed problems. In this approach, the mathematical unfeasibility which results from the lack of measurements is eliminated. A test procedure based on the variance of estimated linearized active power flow is proposed to identify the observable islands. Some systems of the technical literature are used to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


After years of stagnation and political cataclysms, Georgia tried to recover by launching radical economic and political reforms starting in 2004. The results of the reforms appeared to be impressive. The country's GDP has more than doubled; the total volume of bank deposits is five times what it used to be. Key international indices (Doing Business Index, Economic Freedom Index, Corruption Perception Index) have also reflected the success of the reforms. The occupation of the Georgian territories by Russia in August 2008 and the global financial crisis have significantly changed the current macroeconomic environment in Georgia. The August conflict undermined investor and consumer confidence, put pressure on public finances, damaged physical and other infrastructure and undermined the banking system with a large volume of deposit withdrawals. The deepening of the international financial crisis put further pressure on currency and foreign investments. The purpose of this paper is to consider the nature and magnitude of the impact of the global financial crisis on Georgia's social services sector and on the country's economy as a whole. The global financial crisis had a sharp impact on the most disadvantaged members of the society. The main objectives of the paper are to describe to what extent the education and healthcare sectors were affected in Georgia and to investigate how government policies have addressed the problems which arose due to the financial crisis.


Introduction: The exposure of humans to antioxidants regulating the process and prog- ress of diabetes mellitus (DM) is of major interest. Several phytoactive compounds such as flavonoids, lignans, prophenylphenols, etc . possess antioxidant property. Antioxidants exert free radical scavenging activity, improve the insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β cell activity, stimulate insulin secretion, and reduce the carbohydrate absorption. Antioxidants also combat complications like diabetic wound healing by increasing the collagen deposition, improving the fibroblasts level, and decreasing the 11-β hydroxydehydrogenase level. They revert the cardiovascular changes of DM by reducing the lipid profile level. Antioxidants also exert their regulatory effect on diabetic nephropathy and peripheral vascular diseases. Body-research methods: The terms "diabetes" or "diabetes mellitus" or type 1 diabetes mellitus" or "type 2 diabe- tes mellitus" or "hyperglycaemia" or "antioxidant" or "antioxidant" combined with "diabetic complication" were searched in following databases such as PubMed, Web of Science Scopus , and Google S cholar. Conclusion: Understanding the effects of anti oxidants against DM is beneficial for disease progress assessment and development of prophylaxis regimens. Although several researches are carried out on antioxidants , current population has still less confidence on them. Hence, more detailed analysis and clinical studies investigating on the underlying mechanisms of antioxidants towards DM are mandatory.


Diffusion imaging is critical for detecting acute brain injury. However, normal apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps change rapidly in early childhood, making abnormality detection difficult. In this article, we explored clinical PACS and electronic healthcare records (EHR) to create age‐specific ADC atlases for clinical radiology reference. Using the EHR and three rounds of multiexpert reviews, we found ADC maps from 201 children 0–6 years of age scanned between 2006 and 2013 who had brain MRIs with no reported abnormalities and normal clinical evaluations 2+ years later. These images were grouped in 10 age bins, densely sampling the first 1 year of life (5 bins, including neonates and 4 quarters) and representing the 1–6 year age range (an age bin per year). Unbiased group‐wise registration was used to construct ADC atlases for 10 age bins. We used the atlases to quantify (a) cross‐sectional normative ADC variations; (b) spatiotemporal heterogeneous ADC changes; and (c) spatiotemporal heterogeneous volumetric changes. The quantified age‐specific whole‐brain and region‐wise ADC values were compared to those from age‐matched individual subjects in our study and in multiple existing independent studies. The significance of this study is that we have shown that clinically acquired images can be used to construct normative age‐specific atlases. These first of their kind age‐specific normative ADC atlases quantitatively characterize changes of myelination‐related water diffusion in the first 6 years of life. The quantified voxel‐wise spatiotemporal ADC variations provide standard references to assist radiologists toward more objective interpretation of abnormalities in clinical images. Our atlases are available at https://www.nitrc.org/projects/mgh_adcatlases. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3052–3068, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Network-on-Chips are a critical part of modernmultiprocessors and their relevance will grow with the number ofcores. The development of future NoC designs relies on detailedsimulation models that accurately estimate their performance, power and hardware cost. Bypass routers are very relevant and promising proposals dueto their improved performance. Bypass routers reduce latencythanks to a combination of speculation, pre-routing (lookaheadrouting) and buffer bypass, which also reduce energy consumption by avoiding unnecessary buffer writes and reads. Multi-hop bypass NoCs, known as SMART, even bypass the crossbar of multiple routers in a single cycle. However, publicly available NoC simulators, such as BookSim or Garnet, do not implement bypass mechanisms or do not model them accurately. In this work, we present Bypass Simulation Toolset(BST), a set of tools to accurately simulate NoCs with single-and multi-hop bypass routers. BST combines and extends several simulation tools: an extension of BookSim with state-of-the-art cycle-accurate bypass router models and additional flow control mechanisms; an RTL implementation of multi-hop bypass mechanisms based on OpenSMART; an API to ease a modular integration of the BST NoC simulator in full system simulators; and a set of scripts to automate simulation execution and data collection. To showcase BST, we i) validate BookSim SMART models with the RTL implementation; ii) compare bypass and traditional non-bypass router models; iii) integrate BookSim in gem5 using the proposed API and compare it with gem5's Simple and Garnet 2.0 NoC models; and iv) present a case study evaluating different combinations of router types and topologies recently proposed for NoCs, highlighting the flexibility of the BST toolset. The toolset is available at www.atc.unican.es/software.html


Previous studies indicated that soy protein had hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic activity in induced diabetic rats. However when combined with different sources of carbohydrate, the effects were not known yet. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the hypogylcemic and hypocholesterolemic properties of soy protein combined with cornstarch or wheat flour, on four groups of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) alloxan induced male Wistar rats models. During the first two weeks, rats were given high fat and cholesterol diet to induce hypercholesterolemic. On the third week, rats were injected with alloxan 60 mg/kg body weight to induce hyperglycemia, and in the following three weeks each group was given one of the following, casein+cornstach (CC), soy protein+cornstarch (SC), casein+wheat flour (CW), or soy protein +wheat flour (SW). The glucose and lipid concentrations of blood of individual rat were measured before and, 1 st , 7 th , 14 th , and 21th day after the injection of alloxan. The results showed that the soy protein diets have hypoglycemic and hypocholestrolemic activity as compared to casein diets. The different source of carbohydrate diet affected hypocholesterolemic property of soy protein, but did not affect hypoglycemic property. It seems that the SC diet decreases glucose concentration more than the SW diet (17,45% and 7,04% from baseline, respectively). The SC diet had more ability to decrease total and LDL cholesterol (9,52% and 21, 89% from baseline, respectively), while the SW diet had more ability to decrease triglycerides (24,64% from baseline).


Lexers and parsers are attractive targets for attackers because they often sit at the boundary between a software system's internals and the outside world. Formally verified lexers can reduce the attack surface of these systems, thus making them more secure. One recent step in this direction is the development of Verbatim, a verified lexer based on the concept of Brzozowski derivatives. Two limitations restrict the tool's usefulness. First, its running time is quadratic in the length of its input string. Second, the lexer produces tokens with a simple "tag and string" representation, which limits the tool's ability to integrate with parsers that operate on more expressive token representations. In this work, we present a suite of extensions to Verbatim that overcomes these limitations while preserving the tool's original correctness guarantees. The lexer achieves effectively linear performance on a JSON benchmark through a combination of optimizations that, to our knowledge, has not been previously verified. The enhanced version of Verbatim also enables users to augment their lexical specifications with custom semantic actions, and it uses these actions to produce semantically rich tokens---i.e., tokens that carry values with arbitrary, user-defined types. All extensions were implemented and verified with the Coq Proof Assistant.


We propose behavioral learning equilibria as a plausible explanation of coordination of individual expectations and aggregate phenomena such as excess volatility in stock prices and high persistence in inflation. Boundedly rational agents use a simple univariate linear forecasting rule and correctly forecast the unconditional sample mean and first-order sample autocorrelation. In the long run, agents learn the best univariate linear forecasting rule, without fully recognizing the structure of the economy. The simplicity of behavioral learning equilibria makes coordination of individual expectations on such an aggregate outcome more likely. In a first application, an asset pricing model with AR(1) dividends, a unique behavioral learning equilibrium exists characterized by high persistence and excess volatility, and it is stable under learning. In a second application, the New Keynesian Phillips curve, multiple equilibria co-exist, learning exhibits path dependence and inflation may switch between low and high persistence regimes.


The role of the trace elements in humans has increased during the last 20 years. It seems that they play a signifi cant role in maintaining the healthy state of the organism. These minerals are present in small levels, but their role is vital. Although they account for only 0.02% of the total body weight, it has highlighted that they play significant roles, either as active centers of enzymes or as trace bioactive substances. Their excess or defi ciency may influence the homeostasis and potentially can lead to several chronic diseases, including cancer. It is already known that certain elements in the free or combined state can be primary causative agents, or risk factors for human cancer. Nevertheless, it is important to underline that the carcinogenic elements are fewer than it was expected in studies. Copper, cobalt, chromium, zinc, selenium, are involved in many biochemical processes supporting life. However, their concentrations may play an important role in developing cancer, by influencing proliferation or apoptosis. Disruption of the balance between free radicals and antioxidants may cause a cellular damage and trigger carcinogenesis.


A scheme to calculate a correction to the energy obtained by the variational quantum Monte Carlo (VQMC) method by using the diffusion quantum Monte Carlo (DQMC) method is applied to three systems, neon, H2, and cyclical C10. This scheme has the advantage that the time step error incurred in the use of the DQMC method is minimized since it only applies to the correction to the energy, rather than the entire energy. The simulation for neon validated the use of the scheme in correctly calculating the ground state energy of an atom. In this case, the scheme obtained 97% of the difference in energy between the VQMC and DQMC energies. The simulation for H2 was done to reproduce results of a simple, well-known system for various bond lengths. Again, in this case, the correction scheme succeeded in correcting the VQMC energy to close to the DQMC values. Finally, for cyclical C10, the scheme was run for a number of geometries in which either the bond angles or bond lengths were varied at different ring sizes. It was found that for smaller rings, a more symmetrical geometry is preferred, while for larger ring sizes there tend to be at least a local minimum energy for rings distorted by either their bond angles or bond lengths. Also included are DQMC calculations of the potential energies of interaction of helium atoms in helium dimers and trimers. Statistical errors are lower by a factor of two to ten than for earlier diffusion calculations. The calculations for the trimers reveal interaction energies very nearly pairwise-additive for internuclear distances near the dimer equilibrium distance of 5.6 bohr and longer.


The value of any stock market could change for several diverse reasons such as financial, economic and health. The value of the New York Stock Exchange market has reduced drastically in the first quarter of 2020 and expected to reduce further in the upcoming months, according to many economists (Ayittey et al., 2020; White, 2017). It will face a huge blow this year due to the appearance of the unexpected new virus (COVID-19). The New York Stock Exchange has fallen sharply for the first time in 23 years, causing a significant crash in consumer sentiment indexes, thereafter, decreasing the overall global stock market value (Financial Buzz, 2020). Such instances are rarely encountered, making investors to feel insecure and unsafe to make significant decisions about their investments. Together with these uncertainties and fears, many industries were badly affected and many other industries benefited from this global health crisis (Ayittey et al., 2020). Through this research paper, an exploration of the effects of COVID-19 on New York Stock Exchange market are done with support from expert opinions.


As the consequences of liberal opioid prescribing have become apparent, efforts to address the role of the health care system in supporting more balanced opioid use and the prevention and treatment of opioid use disorder have increased. Developing a unified and multidisciplinary approach can lead to an integrated care model that emphasizes primary prevention, harm reduction, and transition to life-sustaining treatment while also maintaining attentiveness to effective pain management. A model for this, which follows the nomenclature in proscribing antimicrobial use, is the development of an opioid stewardship program. Such programs allow for the integration of diverse perspectives and new mandates and uses a patient-centered approach with an iterative evaluation process. We describe a group of adoptable efforts that have been utilized successfully at our institutions and may be adapted and optimized to the needs and resources of other hospitals and health care systems.


ARTICLE INFO Among the effects of strain hardening, strain-rate hardening, and temperature softening, it has been long argued about which effect is predominant in governing the material flow stress in machining. In addition, there is a belief that the temperature and strain rate counterbalance the effect of each other; therefore there is no need to consider temperature softening and strain-rate hardening while modeling material flow behavior. It means that similar to metal forming processes, the flow stress will be the function of strain only; whereas, the magnitudes of strain-rates, and temperatures involved in machining are several orders higher than those generated in forming processes. On the other hand, measuring material flow stress under high strain-rates and temperatures in controllable conditions need especial costly equipments; therefore it is worth to discuss whether the stressstrain data obtained in the simple standard tensile test can be used in machining. This paper discusses some requirements for mathematical form of material models applicable to describe the yield surface in simulation of machining. As a result the first predominant factor governing the material flow stress is strain hardening. It is demonstrated that strain-rate and temperature do not counterbalance the effects of each other in all machining zone. Therefore implemented material model in machining should include both considerable effects in a suitable way. It is demonstrated that friction is an important heat source independent of plastic dissipated energy; therefore its contribution in material flow should be considered an inconvenient method via implementing temperature parameter in mathematical equation of material model. In addition, the velocity of material deformation is another parameter governing the material flow behavior in machining. It is indicated that the strain rate parameter plays the role of suitable corresponding field variable; therefore it should be appearing in the mathematical form of material model to include related effects.


Automatic facial age classification and estimation is an interesting and challenging problem, and has many real world applications. The performances of the classification methods may differ depending on the selected training samples. Also using large amount of training samples makes the classification systems more complex and time consuming. In this paper, a novel and a simple age classification method using morph-based age models is presented. The age models representing the common characteristics of age groups are produced using image morphing method. Then age related facial features are extracted with Local Binary Patterns. In the classification phase, ensemble of distance metrics is used to determine the closeness of the test sample to age groups. Then, the results of these metrics are combined with Borda Count voting method to improve the classification performance. Experimental results using the Face and Gesture Recognition Research Network (FGNET) and Park Aging Mind Laboratory (PAL) aging databases show that the proposed method achieves better age classification accuracy when compared to some of the previous methods.


Nonlinear current-voltage characteristics and magnetoresistance of point contacts between a normal metal (N) and films of amorphous ferromagnet (F) Co40Fe40B20 of different thickness, exchange-biased by antiferromagnetic Mn80Ir20 are studied. A surface spin valve effect in the conductance of such F-N contacts is observed. The effect of exchange bias is found to be inversely proportional to the Co40Fe40B20 film thickness. This behavior as well as other magneto-transport effects we observe on single exchange-pinned ferromagnetic films are similar in nature to those found in conventional three-layer spin-valves.


The study examined the contribution of three factors to the life satisfaction of secondary school teachers in Jos North. The three factors include monthly income, job satisfaction and meaningful work. Ninety-two secondary school teachers working in public and private schools within Jos North participated in the study. A correlational research design was employed for the study. Diener's Satisfaction with Life Scale (1985), Steger, Dik and Duffy's work as meaning inventory (2012) and Spector's Job Satisfaction Survey (1985) were used in collecting data for the study. Pearson's Product Moment Correlation was used to test the hypotheses. Job satisfaction and meaningful work positively correlated with life satisfaction whereas monthly income had no relationship with life satisfaction. The study therefore recommends an improvement in the working environment of teachers to increase job satisfaction that leads to life satisfaction. Keywords: Teachers, Life satisfaction, Job satisfaction, Income, Meaningful work


Entertainment and interactivity possibilities in Digital Television (DTV) can be extended to support 3D technologies. In this paper is described an architecture based on a middleware for DTV that incorporates 3D technologies on the Brazilian standard. The integration strategies will be presented and compared with other studies in the literature. As case study, it will be presented a virtual environment to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of this integration.


This paper presents for the first time X-ray computed microtomography (μCT) analysis as a technique for Silurian graptolite detection in rocks. The samples come from the Jantar Bituminous Claystones Member of the Opalino core, Baltic Basin, northern Poland. Images were obtained with spatial resolution of 25 μm, which enabled the authors to create a 3-D visualization and to calculate the ratio of fissure and graptolite volume to the total sample volume. A set of μCT slices was used to create a 3-D reconstruction of graptolite geometry. These μCT slices were processed to obtain a clearly visible image and the volume ratio. A copper X-ray source filter was used during exposure to reduce radiograph artifacts. Visualization of graptolite tubaria (rhabdosomes) enabled Demirastrites simulans to be identified. Numerical models of graptolites reveal promising applications for paleontological research and thus for the recognition and characterization of reservoir rocks.


This is a qualitative study, of the exploratory kind, that seeks knowledge about expectations, feelings and experiences of the father during the delivery and the birth of his child. The thematic content analysis according Bardin (1977) revealed the themes: "I expected I could be with her through the whole thing" and "A lot of emotions, you have to hold yourself...". The conclusion reached was that the father have the wish to be present in every moment related to delivery and birth of his baby.


Continuous oscillations of the Earth are observed for frequencies between 2 and 7 mHz at almost every seismically quiet site in the world. These oscillations ride on a broad noise peak which spans the frequency band from 3 to 15 mHz and reaches its maximum at 7-9 mHz. We propose an oceanic excitation hypothesis which explains both the modal oscillations and the broad noise peak, specifically the action of oceanic infragravity waves on the solid Earth. Using the estimated amplitudes of oceanic infragravity waves from observation, although they are limited in number at the moment, we show that there is sufficient energy in these waves to excite observed seismic signals; for a given time window, the contribution from a small area (which may be as small as 100 km x 100 km) is all that is required to explain the seismic observations. The advantage of this oceanic mechanism over the previously proposed atmospheric mechanism is in the simultaneous explanation of the above two features in seismograms, whereas the atmospheric hypothesis has only explained the modal oscillations. The oceanic mechanism naturally explains the predominant 6-month periodicity as a result of semi-hemispheric ocean-wave activities in the Northern and Southern hemispheres, showing a good match between seismic data and satellite ocean-wave data both in the amplitude and phase of seasonal variation. Our Earth seems to be filled with ubiquitous propagating Rayleigh waves, generated directly by oceanic infragravity waves, for the frequency band 3-15 mHz.


A 66-year-old woman gave a 6-year history of progressive weakness. Her initial symptoms were aching hips, shoulder pain and difficulty getting out of a chair. A rheumatologist diagnosed polymyalgia rheumatica—despite significant weakness—and gave prednisolone for several months. Despite initial improvement, her weakness slowly progressed until she could not climb stairs or walk a reasonable distance. At the time of presentation, she reported anorexia with 4 kg weight loss over 6 months and recent suprapubic swelling. She had difficulty raising her arms above her head, and problems with chewing and swallowing. There were no sensory symptoms, diplopia or difficulty breathing, and no change in cognition or behaviour.

She had been diagnosed with breast cancer around the same time as polymyalgia rheumatica, and had undergone lumpectomy, radiotherapy and hormone therapy with curative intent. Two years before her current presentation, she developed a subacute bowel obstruction requiring colonoscopy; the surgical specimen showed bowel/sigmoid amyloid. Repeat colonoscopy a year later was normal. She also had a melanoma resected 10 years before.

There was a family history of early onset dementia with prominent behavioural abnormalities in her sister, mother, maternal siblings and maternal grandmother. Her own two daughters were well.

On examination, her blood pressure was 110/80 mm Hg lying and 90/70 mm Hg standing; other vital signs were normal. She had a protuberant abdomen with divarication of the rectus muscles and significant suprapubic pitting oedema. Her tongue was large. There was shoulder girdle wasting, with occasional fasciculations in the deltoid, trapezius, biceps and triceps muscles, and mild weakness of shoulder abduction, neck flexion and left wrist flexion. Her reflexes were all brisk. There was quadriceps wasting with occasional fasciculations and mild proximal hip flexor weakness. Her reflexes were brisk with one beat of clonus and her plantar responses were downgoing. ### Question 1

What are the differential diagnoses and how should she …


The application of urban satellite using for monitoring of changes specially in rapidly growing metropolitan areas not only sensible but utterly necessary. Arguments in favour of the use of satellite system are certainly the fast and accurate data access, the quick visual interpretation, the good representation on a planar surface and their great integrity of a map after the process of geometrical classification. In this paper we used maximum likelihood classification algorithm to attempt and monitor the land cover change .In this work we considered a test area, the Chenggong city in Yunnan province in the south of China. AquickBirds multi-spectral images taken on May 4, 2004 and Ikonos multi-spectral images taken on April 7, 2002, were used in this work. The two images were orthorectified and a first classification produced a map with 7 strata: water, forest, pasture & grass land, cultivated land, transportation, built up areas and unused land. The over all classification accuracy was 97% and the kappa coefficient was 0.92 (i.e. 0.92 more accurate than a random classification).The overall accuracy of land cover change map ,generated from post classification change detection methods and evaluated using several approaches ,ranged from 80 % to 90%.The results of change detection between two dates images were as follows : transportation has increased from 7.6% to 18.3% with change rate of 57.75 km 2 .yr -1 , pasture & grass land has decreased from 26.3% to 8.9% with change rate of 217.5 km 2 .yr -1 , built up areas has increased from 6.7% to 22.3% with change rate of 156 km 2 .yr -1 , cultivated land has increased from 15.3% to 32.4% with change rate of 128.25 km 2 .yr -1 , forest has decreased from 38.8% to 18.2% with change rate of 309 km 2 .yr -1 , un used land has decreased from 25.7% to 9.5% with change rate of 145.8 km 2 .yr -1 , and water have no changed mentioned. The results quantify the land cover change patterns in the metropolitan or urban areas and demonstrate the potential of multi temporal Quick Birds and Ikonos data to provide an accurate, economic means to map and analyze changes in land cover over time that can be used as inputs to land management and policy decisions. (Journal of American Science 2010;6(2):171-175). (ISSN: 1545-1003).


In the competitive business world today during Pandemic Covid-19, many industries face the flux of rapid change, especially in the Public Health Center.  Therefore companies should focus on innovative work behavior (IWB) in order to gain a competitive advantage. This research tested the effect of transformational leadership and organizational climate on work performance through innovative work behavior as mediating by taking the automotive industry in Indonesia. Data collection was carried out by simple random sampling via electronic to a population of Public Health Center  employees in Indonesia during Pandemic Covid-19. The returned and valid questionnaire results were 1199 samples. Data processing using SEM method with SmartPLS 3.0 software. Data collection technique is using questionnaire with likert scale. The result was transformational leadership and organizational climate gave a positive effect and significant on work performance, both directly and through mediating innovative work behavior. Innovative work behavior has a positive effect and significant on work performance. This novel research is proposing a model to build work performance among employees of automotive industry through transformational leadership and organizational climate with organizational learning as mediation.


Is Latin America experiencing a resurgence of leftwing governments, or are we seeing a rebirth of national-radical populism? Are the governments of Hugo Chavez, Evo Morales, and Rafael Correa becoming institutionalized as these leaders claim novel models of participatory and direct democracy? Or are they reenacting older traditions that have favored plebiscitary acclamation and clientelist distribution of resources to loyal followers? Are we seeing authentic forms of expression of the popular will by leaders who have empowered those previously disenfranchised? Or are these governments as charismatic, authoritarian, and messianic as their populist predecessors? This new and expanded edition of Populist Seduction in Latin America explores the ambiguous relationships between democracy and populism and brings de la Torre's earlier work up to date, comparing classical nationalist, populist regimes of the 1940s, such as those of Juan Peron and Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra, with their contemporary neoliberal and radical successors. De la Torre explores their similarities and differences, focusing on their discourses and uses of political symbols and myths.


The aim of this study was the determination of the best experimental conditions for the production of useful materials such as amino acids by subcritical water hydrolysis from supercritical carbon dioxide extracted krill residues and to compare the results with raw krill. Subcritical water hydrolysis efficiency from raw and de-oiled krill was examined over the temperature range of 200 to 280°C, ratio of material to water for hydrolysis was 1:50 g/ml and for water sample contact equilibration times of 5 min to decrease the decomposition of amino acids. Nitrogen and air were used as atmosphere at pressure estimated to be between 0.101 and 6.41 MPa. The hydrolysis efficiencies of glycine, arginine, and leucine were found to be increased with increasing water temperature, consistent with higher solubility at higher temperatures. The highest yield of amino acids in de-oiled krill hydrolysate was at 280°C. While, the highest amino acid yield in raw krill hydrolysate was at low temperature 200°C. Also, reducing sugar content was analyzed in both samples and the results showed that the yield of reducing sugar in deoiled krill hydrolysate was higher than that of raw krill hydrolysate. Key words : Subcritical water hydrolysis, krill, amino acid, value added materials.