Plato scholars such as Matthias Baltes (1940-2003) and Luc Brisson have defended the thesis that Plato's Idea of the Good is on the one hand beyond being (epekeina tes ousias) in dignity and power, but is nevertheless not transcendent over being. The article gives first (I.), an introduction into the status questionis. Second (II.), it delivers the most important arguments for the thesis of Baltes and Brisson. Third (III.), it gives two counterarguments against the thesis. Fourth (IV), it deals with the translation of L. Brisson "Apollon, quelle merveilleuse emphase" of 509c1-2. Fifth (V.), it concludes with some general questions concerning the deflationist interpetation of Plato's Republic, 509b9-10.


Traditional models of ecosystems often assume that the species composing an unperturbed ecosystem become fixed so that only the relative abundances of the species change over time. Such ecosystems are said to have reached an optimal fixed point. However, recent work has suggested that neutral evolutionary processes can significantly alter the species composition of an ecosystem, allowing the ecosystem to exist in a dynamic steady state. Here, we investigate the stability of ecosystems and the nature of the equilibrium that forms using the digital evolution platform Avida, tracking evolving ecosystems over thousands of generations. We find that the communities that form are remarkably stable, and do not experience a significant loss of diversity in the long run even in experimental treatments where the communities suffer catastrophic population bottlenecks. When diversity rebounds, ecological communities are reconstituted in a different form than the one that was destroyed, but this difference is comparable to the difference the system would have accumulated if it had been left untouched. Thus, digital ecological communities exist in a dynamic steady state, which ultimately eliminates the effect of historical disturbances.


Specific features of mechanical behaviour of ultra fine grained iron subjected to friction treatment with nitriding (FN) were clarified by comparison with that induced by friction treatment (FT) with air. Mechanical parameters such as Young's modulus, nanohardness, and plasticity characteristic δA were found to be of high sensitive both to the scale of grain structure and to iron modification by nitrogen. Young's modulus tends to decrease and Hall-Petch low fails to describe correlation between grain structure and hardness for submicro-grained and nanocrystalline iron. Hall-Petch coefficient, ky, decreases as grain size decreases within submicro-grained and, then, nano grained sections and it takes even negative value in nano grained section modified by nitrogen. Parameter δA is found to be dependent on combination of hardness and Young's modulus, resulting in its variation with decreasing the grain size. The presence of secondary nanocrystalline Fe4N phase fundamentally changes mechanical behaviour of nanocrystalline iron, leading to strengthening the grain boundaries and triple junctions.


In a 3-year bioavailability program 14 studies in 45 healthy volunteers were carried out to differentiate between experimental lots of rifampicin (RMP) capsules and marketed preparations of other manufacturers with lower bioavailability than Rifadin (RFD), used as standard reference drug. In each study single oral doses of 600 mg of 2-5 different RMP preparations were administered to 6-12 volunteers in fasting conditions according to a balanced crossover design. The pharmacokinetic parameters of RFD capsules were practically identical for the same batch tested at different times and for several batches tested in different groups of subjects. Variations in particle size, excipients, or manufacturing process of the experimental preparations or capsules marketed by other manufacturers produced a marked change in bioavailability of RMP. An additional study in four volunteers given 450 mg RMP confirmed that the absorption of RMP is less when the drug is taken with food. It is concluded that due to the wide variability in individual serum levels reported in the literature, some patients who absorb RMP poorly may be given ineffective therapy, especially when there are several concomitant unfavorable factors, such as a poor drug product or the effect of food.


Using the technique of immune precipitation of [35S]methionine-labelled infected cell polypeptides followed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography it has been shown that SV5 and a closely related isolate are both antigenically related to human parainfluenza virus type 2. Limited cross-reactions were also demonstrated between parainfluenza virus types 1 and 3 by this method and the apparent molecular weights of the major structural components of human parainfluenza virus types 2 and 3 have been deduced. 177


It used to be that those interested in sustainable urbanism could be seen flocking to, say, Freiburg in Germany or Malmo in Sweden to learn about the principles of sustainable urban development applied in practice. Nowadays, just as often visitors may be seen venturing out to Tianjin in China, Kawasaki in Japan, or Songdo in South Korea, reflecting the growing focus on sustainable cities in Asia. There are several well stated reasons for this shifting interest (see eg Joss et al., 2013): from the rising influence of Asia in global politics, to the rapid rate of urbanisation across the region; and from new models of ecological modernisation and smart urbanism with Asian inflections, to the iconic status of gleaming new cities built for a global as much as a local clientele. But just as the European sustainable city has eluded easy categorisation, so it proves difficult–and is arguably even questionable–to try to extrapolate and advance a particular Asian model. Indeed, as this volume comprehensively demonstrates, if anything sustainable urbanism in the Asian context is essentially characterised by rich diversity, and some evident contradictory tendencies too. This should, of course, not come as any big surprise, given the inherent variety in geographies, economies, political systems and cultural traditions across this expansive global region. And if one of the lessons of past globalism is to be alert to the risk of superimposing western-centric development models on the Global South, so it is equally prudent not to force artificially uniform thinking about sustainable urbanism in Asia.


BACKGROUND
Serious parental mental illness poses a challenge to quality of life (QoL) in a substantial number of children and adolescents. Improving the lives of these children is a political and public health concern.

OBJECTIVES
To conduct an evidence synthesis of the clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of community-based interventions for improving QoL in children of parents with serious mental illness (SMI).

DATA SOURCES
Nineteen health, allied health and educational databases, searched from database inception to May 2012, and supplemented with hand searches, reference checking, searches of grey literature, dissertations, ongoing research registers, forward citation tracking and key author contact.

REVIEW METHODS
Inclusion criteria required≥50% of parents to have SMI or severe depression confirmed by clinical diagnosis or baseline symptoms. Children were ≤18 years of age. Community-based interventions included any non-residential psychological/psychosocial intervention involving parents or children for the purposes of improving health or well-being. Intervention comparators were not predefined and primary outcomes were validated measures of children's QoL and emotional health. Secondary outcomes were derived from UK policy and stakeholder consultation. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers and the study quality was assessed via Cochrane criteria for randomised/non-randomised designs, Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) qualitative criteria or a standard checklist for economic evaluations. Separate syntheses were conducted for SMI and severe depression. Standardised effect size (ES) trials were pooled using random-effects modelling for which sufficient data were available. Economic data were summarised and acceptability data were synthesised via a textual narrative approach.

RESULTS
Three trials targeted mothers/the children of mothers with psychotic symptoms. Children were ≤12 years of age and no primary QoL or emotional health outcomes were reported. Insufficient secondary outcome data prevented pooling and no eligible economic evaluations were found. Twenty-six trials targeted parents/children of parents with severe depression; 18 recruited mothers of infants<2.5 years of age. Data pooling suggested no significant short-term effect on children's emotional health [standardised ES 0.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.20 to 0.33] or social function (standardised ES 0.23, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.46). Medium to large effects were observed for parents' depressive symptoms (standardised ES 0.73, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.94) and parenting behaviours (standardised ES 0.67, 95% CI 0.32 to 1.02). One non-randomised economic evaluation was found. Intervention uptake and adherence were inconsistently reported. Incomplete evidence highlighted potential barriers from child custody losses and conflicting life circumstances. Qualitative data suggesting interventions to overcome social isolation and stigma are well received by parents. Limited data suggested that children may value peer interactions and normalising activities.

LIMITATIONS
Included trials were of poor or unclear quality with inadequate randomisation or allocation concealment, possible attrition biases and incomplete outcome reporting. Meaningful analysis was challenged by clinical and methodological heterogeneity and insufficient data for subgroup comparisons. Children's self-reports were lacking and evidence of effect remains biased towards parent-based interventions for severely depressed mothers of infants. Generalisability to other diagnoses, older children and children of fathers with SMI is unclear. A lack of high-quality economic data prevented economic modelling.

CONCLUSION
Evidence for community-based interventions to enhance QoL in children of SMI parents is lacking. The capacity to recommend evidence-based approaches is limited. Rigorous development work is needed to establish feasible and acceptable child- and family-based interventions, prior to evaluating clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness via a randomised controlled trial (RCT). A substantial programme of pilot work is recommended to underpin the development of feasible and acceptable interventions for this population. Evaluations should incorporate validated, child-centred QoL outcome measures, high-quality cost data and nested, in-depth acceptability studies. New age-appropriate instruments that better reflect the life priorities and unique challenges faced by children of parents with SMI may need to be developed.

FUNDING
This report was commissioned by the NHS R&D Health Technology Assessment programme and funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.


Species often harbour large amounts of phenotypic variation in ecologically important traits, and some of this variation is genetically based. Understanding how this genetic variation is spatially structured can help to understand species' ecological tolerances and range limits. We modelled the climate envelopes of Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes, ranging from early- to late-flowering, as a function of several climatic variables. We found that genotypes with contrasting alleles at individual flowering time loci differed significantly in potential range size and niche breadth. We also found that later flowering genotypes had more restricted range potentials and narrower niche breadths than earlier flowering genotypes, indicating that local selection on flowering can constrain or enhance the ability of populations to colonise other areas. Our study demonstrates how climate envelope models that incorporate ecologically important genetic variation can provide insights into the macroecology of a species, which is important to understand its responses to changing environments.


The present study aims to reveal the effects of test type, pronunciation and proficiency levels of the students on speaking test scores. A total of 147 Turkish EFL students consisting of 38 beginner, 36 elementary, 37 pre-intermediate and 36 intermediate levels participated in the study. Presentation as planned, and paired speaking test as unplanned one were used as instruments to figure out the effects of two different test types on the test scores. Being prepared for their performances, the students did their presentations lasting between 5 and 8 minutes in front of two raters. The same participants, at the end of each level, were invited to the paired-speaking tests designed for the students to show their spontaneous performances. The performances in both tests were scored through a scale with five criteria, and the criteria along with overall scores were examined through Paired Samples t-test to reveal the effects of test type, and through bivariate regression to see the proportion of pronunciation aspect on overall scores. The results showed that in beginner level, although no differences were found in the overall scores, the test type induced differences in pronunciation, vocabulary and relevance aspect of their speaking performances. Similar results were found in elementary level besides the difference found in accuracy aspect, which resulted in a significant difference in overall scores. However, in pre-intermediate level, the only significant difference was found in pronunciation. On the other hand, in intermediate level all the aspects along with the overall scores were found to be affected by the test type except for fluency and pronunciation. The bivariate regression revealed that the effect of pronunciation sub-score on overall scores is significant in each level and test type.


Maxillary canine impaction is one of the most challenging issues in orthodontics. The best treatment protocol in these cases is still debated. The purpose of this study is to describe the management of maxillary canine impaction in an adult female patient with the "Canine First Technique".

 A 21-years-old female attended our dental unit seeking orthodontic treatment. Clinical examination revealed a class II relationship, the persistence of both upper deciduous canines. The panoramic X-ray and Cone Beam Computed Tomography showed bilateral palatal permanent canine displacements and close proximity between crowns of impacted canines and roots of lateral incisors. The canines were disimpacted by means of two cantilevers inserted directly in two Temporary Anchorage Devices placed palatally and when canines were near the crest, the fixed orthodontic treatment was started.

 At the end of the treatment, canine Class I relationships with torque correction of canines, normal overjet and overbite, and good alignment of dental arches were achieved. The radiographic evaluation showed ideal root parallelism and preserved periodontal health in the canine region.

 The Canine First Technique could provide some advantages compared to conventional approaches in terms of biomechanics, esthetics, oral hygiene, and risk reduction of root resorption of upper lateral incisors.


India has been at the heart of the global trade in textiles since ancient times, and cotton has been at the heart of the Subcontinent's economy for millennia. Indian dyed and painted cottons were admired in and traded to the Far East and the Mediterranean world for many generations before European interest in chintz created a new market. The trade in Indian cloth flourished due to the ability of its craftsmen to create a multitude of detailed and expressive patterns with strong and fast colours. Such textiles gained high esteem among the elite at home and abroad, ultimately acquiring heirloom status. Karun Thakar has been collecting textile art for more than 30 years, and has one of the world's leading private collections from the Indian Subcontinent, with costume and fabrics from the 14th century through to the early 20th. Aspects of the Thakar Collection have been exhibited in the Victoria & Albert Museum in London and at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. The Indian dyed and painted cotton cloths in the Thakar Collection are perhaps the best in private hands. Many have never previously been published.Dating from the 15th century onwards, the collection illustrates the trade in textiles across the Indian Ocean with the Malay-Indonesian world, with Sri Lanka, Armenia and Europe, as well as within the Indian domestic market.


Guard-based call admission control schemes support admission priorities based on resources sharing with differentiated resource capacity limits. To minimize deviation from call blocking/dropping targets due to nonstationary call arrival condition, dynamic guard-based schemes with predictive adaptation control adjust differentiated capacity limits according to predicted future arrival rates based on specified estimation algorithms. Existing dynamic guard admission schemes are developed under the assumption of perfect estimation, which may not be possible in a highly nonstationary environment and, thus resulting in failures to maintain targeted blocking/dropping probabilities. This paper presents the fairly adjusted multimode-dynamic guard bandwidth scheme, which is a dynamic-guard-based scheme over code-division multiple-access systems with predictive adaptation control to adapt interference-based guard loading-limits under nonstationary call arrival condition; and reactive adaptation control to counteract arrival rate estimation errors. When the predictive adaptation control policy mode is not able to maintain long-term call blocking or dropping targets due to estimation error, this will trigger reactive adaptation control policy modes that include temporary blocking (preemption) of one or more lower priority classes subject to fairness constraints to ensure lower priority classes are not preempted at all costs during estimation error recovery. Analytical and simulation results show that proposed scheme is able to provide performance guarantees in terms of dropping probabilities under nonstationary traffic arrival and imperfect arrival rate estimation.


In this paper we investigated the responses of saturated sand under horizontal vibration loading induced by a bucket foundation. It is shown that the saturated sand liquefies gradually since the vibration loading is applied on. The maximum displacement on the surface of sand layer occurs near the loading end and in this zone the sand is compressed and moves upwards. The liquefaction zone is developed from the upper part near the loading side and stopped gradually.


Objective: To describe the clinical profiles, interventions, and surgical outcomes of patients with advanced (grade III and IV) laryngotracheal stenosis prospectively seen over a 2-year period.
Methods:
            Design:           Prospective Case Series
            Setting:           Tertiary Provincial Government Hospital
            Participants:  Five (5) patients with advanced laryngotracheal stenosis       confirmed by laryngoscopy and/or tracheoscopy.
Results: Five (5) patients (4 males, 1 female), aged 23 to 31years (mean 27-years-old) diagnosed with advanced laryngotracheal stenosis between June 2016 to June 2018 were included in this series. Four resulted from prolonged intubation (14 - 60 days) while one had a prolonged tracheotomy (13 years). Presentations of stenosis included dyspnea on extubation attempt (n=3), failure to extubate (n=1) and failure to decannulate tracheotomy (n=1). Stenosis length was 3 cm in two, and 1.5 cm in three. Of the five (5) patients, three had grade IV stenosis while two had grade III stenosis based on the Cotton-Myer Classification System. Two of those with grade IV stenosis and both patients with grade III stenosis had undergone prolonged intubation. The stenosis involved the subglottis in three, and combined subglottic and tracheal stenosis in two. Prolonged intubation was present in all three with subglottic stenosis, and in one of the two with combined subglottic and tracheal stenosis. Two patients underwent open surgical approaches while three underwent endoscopic dilatation procedures. Four patients were successfully decannulated while one is still on tracheostomy. None of them had post-operative complications.
Conclusion:  Advanced laryngotracheal stenosis is a challenging entity that results from heterogenous causes. Categorizing stenosis and measuring stenosis length may help in treatment planning and predicting surgical outcome.
 Keywords: laryngotracheal stenosis; laryngotracheal reconstruction; tracheal resection anastomosis; subglottic stenosis; tracheal stenosis


Injections of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) have been shown to increase endurance performance and has been banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Recently a study has identified several gene transcripts differentially expressed after rHuEpo administration (Wang et al, 2017). There is a lack of knowledge on the effect altitude has on these genes and if they can identify rHuEpo abuse from altitude exposure. PURPOSE: The primary aim of this study is to investigate the haematological and transcriptomic changes induced by altitude exposure. The secondary aim of this study is to compare these alterations with those caused by rHuEpo (analysis ongoing). METHODS: Fourteen endurance trained athletes were recruited, blood samples were taken at sea level, during altitude exposure and after return to sea level. Subjects traveled to Suluta, Ethiopia (~2800 m) for 27 days and provided blood for 27 days on return to sea level. Samples were analysed for haemoglobin concentration (HGB), haematocrit (HCT) and reticulocyte percentage (RET%). RESULTS: Compared with baseline, HGB significantly increased 9 days after arrival at altitude (14.1±0.7 vs 15.4±0.7 gdL, P<0.01) and remained significantly elevated 27 days after return to sea level (14.7±0.7 gdL, P<0.01). HCT significantly increased upon arrival compared with baseline (41.3±2 vs 43.8±2%, P<0.01) and remained significantly elevated 27 days after return (44.6±2%, P<0.01). There were no significant differences in RET%. These results show HGB and HCT increased by 14.2% and 13.6% respectively, which is similar to the increase following rHuEpo administration (10.5% and 11.5%, respectively, Wang et al, 2017). CONCLUSION: Following 27 days of altitude exposure, there are significant increases in HGB and HCT but a blunted response in RET%. There appears to be a similar response to altitude exposure and rHuEpo on HGB and HCT, further analysis is required. Ongoing analysis of transcriptomic markers may aid differentiation between altitude and rHuEpo abuse. This work was supported in part by a grant from WADA.


There has long been a shared history of visual influence and narrative crossover between comics and videogames. Taking this history into account, this article provides a critical examination of the newly emergent medium of game comics. A game comic can be defined as a game that takes the underlying structure and language of comics as the basis for its gameplay. The article presents a case study on two prototype game comics that were created as a practice-lead enquiry into the potential of the form. The study draws ideas from comics, games and new media theory. It uses these ideas to examine changes in the aesthetic experience of the comic form that have resulted from digital remediation. In this manner the article provides a critically grounded exploration and analysis of how the medium of comics can be adapted via hybridisation with the ludic qualities of the videogame.


High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol has beneficial effects beyond its atheroprotective function in reverse cholesterol transport, including cardioprotection against ischemia reperfusion (IR) injuries. Two major constituents of HDL, namely the structural protein apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) and the sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) appear to contribute to this cardioprotective effect via the activation of intrinsic prosurvival signaling pathways that still remain to be clarified.   Recently, a powerful prosurvival signaling pathway, termed the survivor activating factor enhancement (SAFE) pathway, which involves the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF), has been shown to protect against ischemia-reperfusion injuries. The present review summarizes the evidence for the roles of HDL and S1P in cardioprotection and discusses the signaling pathways that have been implicated. It thus provides support for our contention that S1P should be considered in potential formulations of reconstituted HDL (reHDL) that may be tested for cardioprotection [...] FRIAS, Miguel, et al. High density lipoprotein/sphingosine-1-phosphate-induced cardioprotection: Role of STAT3 as part of the SAFE pathway. JAK-STAT, 2012, vol. 1, no. 2, p.


Purpose: The goal of analyzing investments carried out under the ESCO formula is to determine, implement and apply an optimal set of retrofitting technologies in order to reduce facility's energy costs borne by its public owner, maintain a satisfactory level of building thermal parameters while upholding the economic profitability of the investment for the private partner. The purpose of this article is to show the investment evaluation process, which consists of determining the scope and method of investment undertaken to achieve the goals mentioned above. Design/Methodology/Approach: A case study approach has been used to assess the profitability of building retrofit investment. The research procedure includes: (1) assessing the characteristics of the selected buildings; (2) collecting data; (3) developing retrofit alternatives, (4) evaluating project profitability of the project. Findings: The empirical results show that the monthly costs of energy supply to buildings that would be borne by the municipality in case of realizing term modernization investment in ESCO formula would be lower than the cost of commercial loan taken for the total value of the investment in case the municipality would conduct the thermal retrofit on its own. Practical Implications: Research findings may be relevant for those municipalities in Poland which for some reason, have not decided to improve the technical condition of their buildings on their own. Originality/Value: The empirical results presented in this paper show that thermal modernization of buildings carried out in the ESCO formula can make this investment financially profitable for the private partner while reducing the cost and risks of the public partner.


We applied an integrated geologic and engineering approach devised to identify heterogeneities in the subsurface that might lead to reserve growth opportunities in our analysis of the Hutton Sandstone at Jackson field, Eromanga basin, Australia. Our approach involves four key steps: (1) determine geologic reservoir architecture, (2) investigate trends in reservoir fluid flow, (3) integrate fluid-flow trends with reservoir architecture, and (4) estimate original oil in place, residual oil saturation, and remaining mobile oil to identify opportunities for reserve growth. Although the Hutton reservoir is interpreted as the deposit of a continental-scale bed-load fluvial system and is dominated by highly permeable sandstone, the genetic stratigraphic analysis identified numerous thin, but widespread, shale units deposited during lacustrine flooding that periodically interrupted episodes of coarse clastic Hutton deposition. These shales represent chronostratigraphically significant surfaces, but more importantly, the trends in reservoir fluid flow, established from monitoring aquifer encroachment, production response to water shut-off workovers, and differential depletion in repeat formation tests, indicate that these shale units act as efficient barriers to vertical fluid flow. Erosion of the upper part of the Hutton reservoir by the younger Birkhead mixed-load fluvial system caused further stratigraphic complexities, introducing additional barriers to vertical and lateral migration of mobile oil and aquifer encroachment. These stratigraphic complexities were not fully appreciated in previous field development and production strategies, and the potential exists for incremental reserve growth through geologically targeted infill drilling and recompletions.


Objective: This commentary reviews current conceptualizations of well-being, examines explanations for the lack of attention to well-being research, and provides justification for investing research time and funding into well-being studies. Opportunities for integrating factors related to well-being into prevention and intervention programs are also outlined. Key Points: Well-being may motivate people toward success, improve health and longevity, strengthen relationships, and boost the economy. Well-being can be enhanced in easy and inexpensive ways by incorporating facets of well-being into already-existing individual and systems-level intervention or prevention programs. Implications: Future research into this important construct should focus on objective means to assess and predict well-being, as well as strategies to enhance well-being across the life span. Investing more research time and financial resources into the study and promotion of well-being has the potential to lead to profound and enduring benefits to individuals, communities, and the larger society.


INTRODUCTION
Premature ejaculation is a prevalent male sexual dysfunction that causes significant distress for men and their partners on a global scale. Despite its widespread impact, effective treatment options without undesirable side effects remain limited.

OBJECTIVES
The present review aimed to provide an overview of experimental studies that analyzed the effects of physical exercise interventions on premature ejaculation.

METHODS
The inclusion criteria for the review included: Population: Adult men. Intervention: An intervention designed to increase physical exercise was delivered in the study. Comparison: Before versus after intervention with or without a comparison group receiving a drug treatment or an active or no control intervention. Outcomes: Self-reported or clinician-rated premature ejaculation or its symptoms. Study type: Experimental designs. We conducted the search process in 9 databases: APA PsycNET, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, JSTOR, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Embase, and CAB Direct. This review included six intervention studies that included 433 participants (307 men with premature ejaculation) ranging from 18 to 50 years of age. All participants had a stable female sexual partner and had not any other physical or mental problems.

RESULTS
The synthesized results indicated that yoga, running, and high-intensity interval training alleviate premature ejaculation symptoms in men with premature ejaculation after varying intervention duration times. The effectiveness of physical exercise for premature ejaculation symptoms was similar to that of drug treatments.

CONCLUSION
Physical exercise can be one of the potential treatment modalities for premature ejaculation. The intensity of physical exercise and the effort of participants during exercise are key factors affecting improvements in ejaculation control. A potential limitation was that the review did not include any literature written in non-English languages.


In this paper we outline methods for extracting behavioral descriptions of interactive prototypes from electronic storyboards. This information is used to help interdisciplinary design teams evaluate potential ideas early in the design process. Using electronic storyboards provides a common descriptive medium where team members from different disciplinary backgrounds can collectively express the intended behavior of their prototype. The behavioral information is extracted by a combination of visual tags applied to elements of the storyboard, analysis of storyboard layout, and natural language processing of text written in the frames. We describe this process, provide a proof of concept example, and discuss design choices in developing this tool.


This paper describes a computerized physical model that predicts both horizontally and vertically polarized noise in the ELF to LF band (10 Hz to 60 kHz). Since naturally occurring radio noise in this band is produced by lightning and propagates to the receiver via the Earth-ionosphere waveguide, the model starts with average lightning flash density data from which it calculates radiated power for horizontal and vertical noise. Adjustments are made to the radiated power to account for seasonal and latitudinal differences in the lightning processes. The noise power is then integrated over fairly large geographic areas to formulate horizontal and vertical equivalent noise transmitters. The power radiated from each of these transmitters is propagated to the receiver location using standard anisotropic long wave propagation algorithms and well-known models of the Earth-ionosphere waveguide. From the received power the model predicts RMS noise, standard deviation, voltage deviation V D , and the amplitude probability distribution of the noise for both polarizations. Since the model is based on theory, it can also predict these parameters under disturbed ionospheric conditions. The model's generally good agreement with RMS noise data is demonstrated


In 1777, Maximilian de Stoll1described carcinoma of the gall bladder. His first case was unusual in that it occurred in a left-sided gall bladder, in a patient with situs invertus. In the second case which he described the gall bladder was like cartilage, with ulceration of the liver and involvement of the mesentery. The lesions were found at autopsy examination. Despite the infrequency of the disease, many reports have appeared. The difficulty in establishing a diagnosis, the bizarre symptoms, and the poor results of surgery have stimulated frequent studies of the disease. These reasons prompted our review of 50 patients having carcinoma of the gall bladder from St. Luke's Hospital, Chicago. INCIDENCE Carcinoma of the gall bladder is reported as occurring in 0.71% to 8.5% of all surgical gall-bladder specimens.* It is found in 0.27% to 0.34% of all autopsy examinations.† Approximately 4.5% of all malignancy deaths are


In this paper, we present all necessary generalisations to extend the bridging scale, a finite-temperature multiple scale method which couples molecular dynamics (MD) and finite element (FE) simulations, to two dimensions. The crucial development is a numerical treatment of the boundary condition acting upon the reduced atomistic system, as such boundary conditions are analytically intractable beyond simple one-dimension systems. The approach presented in this paper offers distinct advantages compared to previous works, specifically the compact size of the resulting time history kernel, and the fact that the time history kernel can be calculated using an automated numerical procedure for arbitrary multi-dimensional lattice structures and interatomic potentials. We demonstrate the truly two-way nature of the coupled FE and reduced MD equations of motion via two example problems, wave propagation and dynamic crack propagation. Finally, we compare both problems to benchmark full MD simulations to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.


Multi-channel synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems enable high-resolution wide-swath imagery thus overcoming the inherent limitation of conventional SAR. A possible realization based on the combination of multi-aperture SAR signal reconstruction in azimuth with digital beamforming on receive in elevation is given in [1]. The present paper turns focus to advanced concepts for the imaging of even wider swaths while still providing high azimuth resolution [2]. In this regard, the operation of multi-channel SAR systems in burst modes like ScanSAR or TOPS is introduced and aspects of applying the multi-aperture reconstruction algorithm to burst mode data are analyzed. The influence of the digital processing network on performance parameters as signal-to-noise-ratio and azimuth ambiguity-to-signal-ratio in multi-channel burst mode systems is considered and embedded in the design example of a ScanSAR system that allows for the imaging of a 400 km wide swath with a geometric resolution of 5 m. Finally, first results for a multi-channel TOPS system are presented and an optimized TOPS processing approach is introduced.


In rough terrains, such as landslides or volcanic eruptions, it is extremely complex to plan safe trajectories for an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV), since both robot stability and path execution feasibility must be guaranteed. In this paper, we present a complete solution for the autonomous navigation of ground vehicles in the mentioned scenarios. The proposed solution integrates three different aspects. The first is the coverage path planning for the definition of UAV trajectories for aerial imagery acquisition. The collected images are used for the photogrammetric reconstruction of the considered area. The second aspect is the adoption of a flock of UAVs to implement the coverage in a parallel way. In fact, when non-coverable zones are present, decomposition of the whole area to survey is performed. A solution to assign the different regions among the flying vehicles composing the team is presented. The last aspect is the path planning of the ground vehicle by means of a traversability analysis performed on the terrain 3D model. The computed paths are optimal in terms of the difficulty of moving across the rough terrain. The results of each step within the overall approach are shown.


Several authors have proposed series expansion methods to price options when the risk-neutral density is asymmetric and leptokurtic. Among these, Corrado and Su (1996) provide an intuitive pricing formula based on a Gram–Charlier Type A series expansion. However, their formula contains a typographic error that can be significant. Brown and Robinson (2002) correct their pricing formula and provide an example of economic significance under plausible market conditions. The purpose of this comment is to slightly modify their pricing formula to provide consistency with a martingale restriction. We also compare the sensitivities of option prices to shifts in skewness and kurtosis using parameter values from Corrado and Su (1996) and Brown and Robinson (2002), and market data from the French options market. We show that differences between the original, corrected and our modified versions of the Corrado and Su (1996) original model are minor on the whole sample, but could be economically significant in specific cases, namely for long maturity and far-from-the-money options when markets are turbulent.


Class A biosolids can be produced using low-cost, low-technology biosolids treatment processes including lagoon storage, air drying, and cake storage. This project reviewed the available literature and municipal agency data about these processes. This report presents design and operating guidelines distilled from the review process. It is designed for wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) managers, operators, and engineers who wish to discern whether these processes, used alone or in combination, might be practically applied at specific plants. This report also describes the U.S. regulatory environment in relation to producing Class A biosolids and defining Class A processes. It also presents a list of recommended research needs.

This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series

ISBN: 9781780404288 (eBook)

ISBN: 9781843396932 (Print)


Lembaga Zakat Selangor (LZS) has introduced the asnaf entrepreneurship program in order to encourage the productive asnaf to generate their own income. This income is expected to cover the daily needs as well as to create surplus which enable the asnaf to graduate from the asnaf status. The basis of this effort is based on the wide method that can be used in utilising the distribution of zakat fund as quoted from Qardawi (2009) that Islam has fixed the mechanism of collection but remain flexible in certain part of distribution. This program, is expecting to help and hand-in-hand with the participants to groom and develop them to become a successful asnaf entrepreneurs. This paper, provides an overview of the program in understanding the ways that being done by Lembaga Zakat Selangor; to look into the potential and prospect of any new opportunity and understanding the strength and weaknesses of the existing program.


(0.85−x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.10Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3–0.05PbZrO3–xPbTiO3 [(0.85−x)PMN–0.10PFN–0.05PZ–xPT] polycrystalline ceramics with morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) compositions were prepared using the modified columbite precursor method. The phase transitional behaviors, composition-dependent electrical properties, and temperature-dependent piezoelectric properties were investigated, respectively. XRD and Raman spectrum analysis indicated that MPB compositions were located around the region with the PT content of x = 0.30–0.34, confirmed by their corresponding dielectric, piezoelectric, and electromechanical properties. The composition with x = 0.32 possessed the optimum properties with dielectric permittivity er, tangent loss tan δ, piezoelectric coefficient d33, electromechanical coupling coefficient kp, remnant polarization Pr, and coercive field Ec of 3432, 0.017, 626 pC/N, 0.56, 29.90 μC/cm2, and 7.23 kV/cm, respectively. The phase diagram mapped indicated that this quaternary system possesses the similar MPB region with that of other binary and ternary systems. The quaternary system PMN–PFN–PZ–PT possessed more competitive d33, kp, and Tr−t than that of Fe-free ternary 0.59Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.05PbZrO3–0.36PbTiO3 (0.59PMN–0.05PZ–0.36PT) near MPB, exhibiting comparable Pr, Ec, er, tan δ, and Tc. Temperature-dependent field-induced-strain and the as-calculated high field d33 also confirmed higher temperature stability for Fe-contained PMN–PFN–PZ–PT.


Industry 4.0 or the fourth industrial revolution encapsulates future industry development trends to achieve more intelligent manufacturing processes, including reliance on Cyber Physical Systems (CPS). The increase in online access and control given by the incorporation of CPSs introduces a new challenge securing the operations of the CPS in that they are not supported by standard security protocols. This paper describes a process used to effectively protect the operations of an IIoT system by implementing security protocols on the CPS within the IIoT. A series of predefined boundary conditions of the safety critical parameters for which a heating and cooling CPS can safely operate within were established. If the CPS is commended to operate outside of these boundaries, it will disconnect from all external communication network and default to some pre-defined safe-operation mode until the system has been evaluated locally by an administrator and released from the safe-mode. This method was tested and validated by establishing a sample IIoT and CPS testbed setup which monitor and control the temperature of a target environment. An attack was initiated to force the target environment outside of the determined safety-critical parameters. The system responded by disabling all network ports and defaulted to the safe-operation mode established previously.


A 4-W power amplifier with 28% power-added efficiency at 20 GHz has been demonstrated using 0.25- mu m heterostructure FET (HFET) device technology. This two-stage amplifier features a mostly monolithic approach with a portion of the input and output matching networks on alumina. The output matching network employs reactive matching elements on GaAs, followed by a Chebyshev coupled-line transformer/combiner on alumina to achieve a low-impedance match with minimal loss. Discrete 0.25- mu m HFET device results at 18 GHz and 20 GHz as well as amplifier design and performance over a >3 GHz band are presented.<<ETX>>


In this study, the effects of different light regimes on the reproductive activity of a typical IndoPacific coral reef rabbitfish, Siganus sutor , were evaluated. Forty- five adult fish were exposed to nine different photoperiod (8L: 16D, 12L: 12D, 16L: 8D) and light intensity (1000, 2000, 3000 lux) combinations with three replicates and five other fishes reared under indoor light condition (Control). Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) and Hepatosomatic Index (HSI) were calculated after 60 days and compared among different experimental regimes in males and females. In the control group, GSI and HSI mean values were 4.67 and 3.24%, respectively, for females and 10.05 and 2.10%, respectively, for males, and these fish showed differences in comparison with the exposed fish. Females kept under 1000 and 2000 lux light intensities had a higher GSI mean value (9.26 and 10.39%, respectively) and also lower average HSI (2.10 and 2.31%, respectively) in 16L: 8D treatment. A similar result was also obtained for males, whereas the 3000 lux light intensity, 8L: 16D day length combination led to more gonadal development (GSIs of 16.41% in females and 12.03% in males). A comparison of results among different photoperiods also confirmed that maturation was induced better in fish maintained under 16L: 8D in both sexes. This investigation revealed the visible role of both photoperiod and light intensity on inducing maturity in the whitespotted rabbitfish, S. sutor . Thus, rearing of adults exposed to an artificial light regime, including 16L: 8D and 2000 lux light intensity, promotes more gonadal development than that occurring in the wild.


: The dimensional changes of hip sockets of total endoprosthesis of the Muller Type are subject of this article. Regular-anterior/posterior radiographs of the pelvis were taken to determine the orientation of the center of the prosthetic head in relation to the wire marker of the poly(ethylene) cup. Further measurements were done using casts of worn acetabular cups gained at revisional surgery. The possible errors of measurements of both methods are discussed. Both, creep and wear contribute to the dimensional changes of the hip sockets, the proportional amount of each mechanism is not known. Data from laboratory examinations suggest a relatively high rate of creep in the early time of function. With longer periods the dimensional changes are predominantly caused by wear. In the beginning of joint function our measurements show a high rate of the yearly dimensional change. The shift of the head amounted 0.5 mm per year and diminished after five years to rates of 0.15 to 0.2 mm. All dimensional changes that exceed a shift to the head of 0.2 mm per year are considered to be unfavourable and to contribute to loosening.


Studies the problem of mapping the N nodes of a data structure onto M memory modules so that they can be accessed in parallel by templates, i.e. distinct sets of nodes. In the literature, several algorithms are available for arrays (accessed by rows, columns, diagonals and subarrays) and trees (accessed by subtrees, root-to-leaf paths, etc.). Although some mapping algorithms for arrays allow conflict-free access to several templates at once (e.g. rows and columns), no mapping algorithm is known for efficiently accessing both subtree and root-to-leaf path templates in complete binary trees. We prove that any mapping algorithm that is conflict-free for one of these two templates has /spl Omega/(M/log M) conflicts on the other. Therefore, no mapping algorithm can be found that is conflict-free on both templates. We give an algorithm for mapping complete binary trees with N=2/sup M/-1 nodes on M memory modules in such a way that: (a) the number of conflicts for accessing a subtree template or a root-to-leaf path template is O[/spl radic/(M/logM)], (b) the load (i.e. the ratio between the maximum and minimum number of data items mapped on each module) is 1+o(1), and (c) the time complexity for retrieving the module where a given data item is stored is O(1) if a preprocessing phase of space and time complexity O(log N) is executed, or O(log log N) if no preprocessing is allowed.


Electromagnetic analysis of the field radiated by ICs is a common practice in the field of hardware security, especially for reverse engineering or to disclose cryptographic keys. While surprisingly the scaling of CMOS technologies carries on, it is important to scale down the sensors used to perform such analyses. Within this context, this paper explores the potential of flexible and 3D printing technologies to design low cost, electrically and mechanically robust electromagnetic probes with spatial resolution about 50µm while the standard is currently about 100µm.


Semiconductor nanowires display a wide range of structural and functional diversity, and as such provide a platform for nanomaterials research. At present, a number of nanowire structural motifs have been discovered and configured into devices with unique electrical and optical functionalities. For example, a kinked nanowire with a localized axial dopant modulation can record intracellular action potentials when incorporated into a three dimensional device. A radially modulated p-i-n nanowire can function as a nanoscale photovoltaic device to power logic gates and sensors. This thesis focuses on novel electrical and optical device functionalities based on rational design, synthesis and characterization of semiconductor nanowire structures for applications in the physical, chemical and biological sciences. First, I will present the design, synthesis and fabrication of two nanodevices for intracellular sensing that are based on core/shell and branched nanowire structural motifs. In both types of devices, a nanotube bridge templated by nanowires conducts the intracellular electrical and chemical potentials to the gating regions and the change in potential is recorded as the change of the device conductance. Both nanowire-based devices can sense extraand intracellular action potentials with high spatial resolution. Furthermore, they can be easily iv multiplexed and scaled up to record intracellular action potentials at multiple sites from either a single cell or cellular network. Second, I will discuss the synthesis of tapered nanowire structures and their electrical and optical characterization. By finely tuning growth temperature, precursor partial pressure, and catalyst size, detailed control of the nanowire tapering angle can be achieved. Moreover, tapered core/shell nanowires can be configured into devices with highly-localized electrical and optical functionalities. I show that control of the tapering angle plays an important role in determining the electrical and optical properties of nanowires. Finally, I will demonstrate a novel nanowire structural motif, termed tip-modulated nanowire, in which the modulation of material and dopant is localized at the nanowire tip so that a tip-localized device is encoded. I describe rational bottom-up synthesis of tip-localized p-n junctions, which are connected to the p-type nanowire core and isolated n-type nanowire shell. The electrical and optical properties of the tip-modulated nanowires are investigated by configuring them as devices with electrically independent core and shell contacts. Spatiallyresolved electrical and optical characterizations show that a potentiometric sensor as well as a highly sensitive p-n diode photodetector can be localized at the nanowire tip. In addition, a topdown strategy for wafer-scale synthesis and fabrication of vertical tip-modulated nanowires and nanowire device arrays is presented. Finally, by combining the tip-modulated nanowire structure with other structural motifs, we can rationally design self-sustained multi-functional nanodevices. The new tip-modulated nanowire structural motif opens up novel applications in the physical, chemical and biological sciences.


Flexibility and efficiency are the prime requirements for any P2P search mechanism. Existing P2P systems do not provide satisfactory solution for achieving these two conflicting goals. Unstructured search protocols (as adopted in Gnutella and FastTrack) provide search flexibility but exhibit poor performance characteristics. Structured search techniques (mostly Distributed Hash Table (DHT)-based), on the other hand, can efficiently route queries but support exact-match semantic only. In this paper we have defined Distributed Pattern Matching (DPM) problem and have presented a novel P2P architecture, named Distributed Pattern Matching System (DPMS), as a solution. Possible application areas of DPM include P2P search, service discovery and P2P databases. In DPMS, advertised patterns are replicated and aggregated by the peers, organized in a lattice-like hierarchy. Replication Improves availability and resilience to peer failure, and aggregation reduces storage overhead. An advertised pattern can be discovered using any subset of its 1-bits. Search complexity in DPMS is logarithmic to the total number of peers in the system. Advertisement overhead and guarantee on search completeness is comparable to that of DHT-based systems. We have presented mathematical analysis and simulation results to demonstrate the effectiveness of DPMS.


Eyewitnesses to events with multiple actors might be aware that during a subsequent investigation some actors will need to be remembered and others can be forgotten. Research on the directed-forgetting procedure suggests that when some information is cued to be forgotten, retention of other information is enhanced. In three experiments, directed-forgetting conditions were compared with control conditions to assess potential costs and benefits of forgetting other-race faces. In Experiment 1, undergraduate students (N = 148; mostly Caucasian) viewed all Black faces or all Asian faces followed by overt remember or forget cues. Participants in the directed-forgetting conditions of Experiments 2 and 3 received more covert cues instructing them to remember the faces of one race and to forget the faces of another race. In Experiment 2, undergraduate students (N = 116; all Caucasian) viewed Black and Asian faces within the context of a criminal storyline. In Experiment 3, undergraduate students (N = 94; all Caucasian) again viewed Black and Asian faces; however, the remember and forget cues were embedded in a noncriminal narrative. Although faces generally were forgotten on cue, forgetting some faces did not enhance memory for other faces. Furthermore, recognition of remember-cued faces was impaired by exposure to forget-cued faces. These findings indicate that faces can be forgotten on cue, but that doing so confers no benefit for remembering other faces. Eyewitnesses are advised that exposure to irrelevant faces reduces the likelihood that relevant faces will be remembered, even when effort is allocated to forgetting the irrelevant faces.


For over 80 years, cystoscopy has remained the gold-standard for detecting tumours of the urinary bladder. Since bladder tumours have a tendency to recur and progress, many patients are subjected to repeated cystoscopies during long-term surveillance, with the procedure being both unpleasant for the patient and expensive for healthcare providers. The identification and validation of bladder tumour specific molecular markers in urine could enable tumour detection and reduce reliance on cystoscopy, and numerous classes of biomarkers have been studied. Proteins represent the most intensively studied class of biomolecule in this setting. As an aid to researchers searching for better urinary biomarkers, we report a comprehensive systematic review of the literature and a searchable database of proteins that have been investigated to date. Our objective was to classify these proteins as: 1) those with robustly characterised sensitivity and specificity for bladder cancer detection; 2) those that show potential but further investigation is required; 3) those unlikely to warrant further investigation; and 4) those investigated as prognostic markers. This work should help to prioritise certain biomarkers for rigorous validation, whilst preventing wasted effort on proteins that have shown no association whatsoever with the disease, or only modest biomarker performance despite large-scale efforts at validation.


This paper addresses the discrete multidimensional assortment problem. Assortment issues arise frequently in practice as an important design and inventory problem which simultaneously seeks the answers to two related questions: (a) Which items (or sizes of a product) to stock? (b) How much of each to stock? Its discrete multidimensional version concerns itself with choosing sizes from among a discrete set of possible ones with each size being characterized by more than one dimension. Our research is motivated by an application of the problem in the distribution center of a global manufacturer of telecommunications equipment where the goal was to standardize the sizes of three-dimensional crates used to package finished items by selecting a few from among all crate sizes. The main contributions of this research are (1) modeling the assortment problem as a facility location problem, (2) devising a heuristic procedure that generates a good solution to the problem as well as a bound on the optimal solution, and (3) implementing the heuristic procedure on a PC so as to obtain solutions for actual large-scale instances of a three-dimensional problem. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Networks 33: 239–245, 1999


Seismic data is a source of information geoscientists use to investigate underground regions to look for resources to explore. Such data are volumetric and noisy, and thus challenging to visualize, which motivated the research of new computational systems to assist the expert, such as visualization methods, signal processing, and machine learning models. We propose a system that aids geologists, geophysicists, and related experts in the domain in interpreting seismic data in virtual reality (VR). The system uses a hyperknowledge base (HKBase), which structures regions of interest (ROIs) as anchors with semantics from the user to the system and vice-versa. For instance, through the HKBase, the user can load and inspect the output from AI systems or give new inputs and feedback in the same way. We ran tests with experts to evaluate the system in their tasks to collect feedback and new insights on how the software could transform their routines. In accordance with our results, we claim we took one step forward for VR in the oil & gas industry by creating a valuable experience in the task of seismic interpretation.


Characterization of single event and low dose-rate TID effects in National Semiconductor's DS16F95 Radiation-Hardened RS-485 Transceiver is eported. Onset LET for upsetof less than 5 MeV-cm2/mg was observed, and a dependency on operating condition was established. Samples under ELDRS nvestigation adhered to electrical specification after irradiation to 30 krd(Si) at 10 mrd(Si)/s.


We conducted a survey of Iowa master gardener volunteers to identify demographics of program participants. Majorities of respondents were female, 50 years old or older, and college educated, similar to participants in previous master gardener studies. Highly engaged older individuals may not be able to continue to participate at their current levels into the future. Consequently, recruitment and retention of younger and/or more diverse participants would be beneficial to sustaining the program and maintaining long-term community connections. Identifying the demographics of volunteers allows program coordinators to focus future recruitment and retention efforts. Additionally, implications of the study may be applicable to volunteer coordinators in other states.


The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia is an enduring theory purporting that overactivity of the dopamine system is part of the pathogenesis of this illness. This theory is supported, in part, by the fact that amphetamines, via their enhancement of dopaminergic neurotransmission, can induce psychosis. More recently, aided by the psychoticomimetic effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists, it seems that glutamate, as well, has a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (1). We present a case of psychosis possibly precipitated by the pharmacodynamic interaction of two NMDA antagonists.


This article discusses the crowdfunded Brazilian webdocumentary project Domínio Público (produced by the audio-visual collective Paêbirú Realizações Cultivadas), which portrays urban transformations in Rio de Janeiro in the run-up to the city's hosting of the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games, with a particular focus on the impact in the city's favelas. It argues that Domínio Público can be understood as a snapshot of a key moment in the recent history of Rio de Janeiro and of Brazil, which intertwines Rio's urban transformations with digital audio-visual culture, fundamental for the circulation and visibility of these processes in Brazil and abroad, as well as with national political processes and crises which would go on to take unforeseen directions and proportions after the film's release. The article shows how circulation and visibility were embedded in the project from the outset, and became an intrinsic part of its critical narrative on urban transformations.


Monitoring and modeling/predicting air pollution are crucial to understanding the links between emissions and air pollution levels, to supporting air quality management, and to reducing human exposure. Yet, current monitoring networks and modeling capabilities are unfortunately inadequate to understand the physical and chemical processes above ground and to support attribution of sources. We highlight the need for the development of an international stereoscopic monitoring strategy that can depict three-dimensional (3D) distribution of atmospheric composition to reduce the uncertainties and to advance diagnostic understanding and prediction of air pollution. There are three reasons for the implementation of stereoscopic monitoring: 1) current observation networks provide only partial view of air pollution, and this can lead to misleading air quality management actions; 2) satellite retrievals of air pollutants are widely used in air pollution studies, but too often users do not acknowledge that they have large uncertainties, which can be reduced with measurements of vertical profiles; and 3) air quality modeling and forecasting require 3D observational constraints. We call on researchers and policymakers to establish stereoscopic monitoring networks and share monitoring data to better characterize the formation of air pollution, optimize air quality management, and protect human health. Future directions for advancing monitoring and modeling/predicting air pollution are also discussed.


We have isolated 14 different Schizosaccharomyces pombe mutants that synthesize invertase enzyme constitutively. Analyses of invertase activities revealed that the degrees of resistance to glucose repression were not similar among different complementation groups. One of the complementation groups appeared to be associated with functional and/or regulatory defects in hexose transport. Another complementation group appeared to be specific for the regulation of the inv1 gene alone, implying that these mutations might be associated with different genes acting on the glucose sensing and signaling pathway. In addition, we found that the wild-type level glucose uptake is essential for the full-level repression of inv1 expression.


Table 2 is missing information regarding GVGF and GVGR. Please see the corrected Table 2 here. access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


In a big old house at the edge of town there's a spooky surprise in store...But who's afraid of a few ghosts? Not this little girl! With a highly original artwork style that's perfect for Halloween, this quirky and very funny story marks the debut of a new talent in picture books.


Quenching experiments of a high temperature sphere in Al2 O3 nanofluids are conducted to investigate the characteristics of film boiling and compared to those in pure water tests. One stainless steel sphere of 10 mm in diameter at the initial temperatures of 1000∼1400 K was tested in the nanofluids of the volume concentrations from 5 to 20% and the degrees of subcooling from 20 to 80 K. The test results show that film boiling heat fluxes and heat transfer rates in nanofluids were lower than those in pure water. The differences of the film boiling heat transfer rates between pure water and nanofluids become larger when the liquid subcooling decreases. Those results suggest that the presence of nanoparticles in liquid enhances vaporization process during the film boiling. The effects of nanoparticle concentrations of more than 5 vol. % on film boiling appear to be insignificant. However, the minimum heat fluxes tend to decrease when the concentration increases. Direct quenching without film boiling was repeatedly observed when an unwashed sphere was employed for quenching tests in nanofluids. It suggests that nanoparticle deposition on the sphere surface prevents the sphere from forming film around the sphere, which consequently promotes the rapid quenching of the hot sphere.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the influence of irradiation damage on the mechanical properties of copper. In the simulation, the energy of primary knocked-on atoms (PKAs) ranges from 1 to 10 keV, and the results indicate that the number of point defects (vacancies and interstitials) increases linearly with the PKA energy. We choose three kinds of simulation samples: un-irradiated and irradiated samples, and comparison samples. The un-irradiated samples are defect-free, while irradiation induces vacancies and interstitials in the irradiated samples. It is found that due to the presence of the irradiation-induced defects, the compressive Young modulus of the single-crystal Cu increases, while the tensile Young modulus decreases, and that both the tensile and compressive yield stresses experience a dramatic decrease. To analyze the effects of vacancies and interstitials independently, the mechanical properties of the comparison samples, which only contain randomly distributed vacancies, are investigated. The results indicate that the vacancies are responsible for the change of Young modulus, while the interstitials determine the yield strain.


Objective: This study aimed to investigate fluoride release, flexural strength and surface characteristics of three orthodontic acrylic resins (A) blended with (1) sodium fluoride powder (NaF), (2) calcium fluoride powder (CaF2), and (3) glass ionomer cement powder (GIC). Material & Methods: Acrylic resin was blended with NaF, CaF2 , and GIC to make orthodontic acrylic plates. Each sample group was divided into subgroups at fluoride concentrations 5%, 10% and 20%. The acrylic resin was cured in a round stainless steel mold and kept in a bottle with 10 ml. deionized water then kept in an incubator at 37oC. The deionized water, changed every day, was tested for fluoride release up to six mo by Orion machine. For the flexural strength test, the samples were cured in a stainless steel mold, 64 mm. long, 10 mm. wide and 3.3 mm. high according to standard of ISO 20795-2 and testing was done up to 6 mo in deionized water. Scanning electron microscope determined surface characteristics after being blended. Results: Fluoride release was observed from orthodontic acrylic plates blended with NaF, CaF2 and GIC. The results of the A-NaF and the A- CaF2 group decreased fluoride level greatly at day 2, but the A-GIC group was observed at day 7. The A-NaF group and the A-GIC group could not detect fluoride level after mo 4 and 2, respectively. The A-CaF2 group found greater long term fluoride release than the A-NaF and the A-GIC group especially at 20% concentration (up to six mo). Significant differences (p<0.05) of fluoride release level (ppmF) among the A-NaF, A-GIC, and A-CaF2 groups at 5% concentration in every time point from day 1 to the mo 5, but not significant in mo 6 similar to the 10% concentration comparison. Whereas, comparing the 20% concentration among groups, significant differences (p<0.05) were found between groups in all periods of time (from the day 1 to mo 6). When comparing the different concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 20% in each group, significant differences (p<0.05) were found in every concentration at every time period of the A-GIC group from day 1 to mo 2, in the A-CaF2 group from day 1 to mo 6 and in the A-NaF group from day 1 to mo 4. Conclusion: Fluoride release was observed from orthodontic acrylic plates blended with NaF, CaF2 and GIC. The longest duration of fluoride release from orthodontic acrylic plates was found in the CaF2 group followed by the NaF and GIC groups. The flexural strength in every group decreased over time. This result implied that the flexural strength decreased during fluoride release. The acrylic surface was seen to be porous in every period of the fluoride release process.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the mortality of giant cell arteritis (GCA) with large-artery complication compared with that of GCA without large-artery complication.

METHODS
An inception cohort of 168 residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, in whom GCA was diagnosed between January 1, 1950, and December 31, 1999, was followed up. Mortality in patients with incident large-artery complication (aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, and large-artery stenosis) was determined and compared with that in patients in whom large-artery complication did not develop.

RESULTS
No difference in survival was observed between the total group of patients with any type of large-artery complication and patients without large-artery complication or the general population. However, mortality was markedly increased in the 9 patients in whom thoracic aortic dissection developed (median survival 1.1 years [interquartile range 0.2-7.8 years]) compared with that in all other patients with GCA (P < 0.001). No difference in survival was observed between the group of patients with either aortic aneurysm and/or dissection (thoracic and/or abdominal aorta) and the group with GCA without large-artery complication. Survival of patients with GCA and large-artery stenosis was not different from that of patients with GCA without large-artery complication.

CONCLUSION
Thoracic aortic dissection in GCA is associated with markedly increased mortality. Overall, mortality in the whole group of patients with GCA with large-artery complication was similar to that in patients with GCA without large-artery complication.


Abstract. Line gear is a newly developed gear mechanism with point contact meshing according to space curve meshing theory. This paper proposes a new form of line gear with a couple of concave convex arc tooth profiles. It has four characteristics. First, contact curve of the driving line gear is a cylindrical spiral curve. Second, two axes of a pair of line gears are located in the same plane with an arbitrary angle. Third, at the mesh point, normal tooth profiles of a line gear pair are a couple of inscribed circles. Namely, they form a couple of concave convex tooth profiles. Fourth, the tooth profile of a driving line gear is a convex, that of a driven line gear is a concave, and they are interchangeable. If only consider that the arcs of teeth at meshing point are tangent, the actual tooth surfaces may interfere outside of the meshing point. In this paper, the geometric condition of the tooth surface for a concave convex arc line gear mechanism is derived, and the optimal formulae of the tooth profile parameters are derived on basis of interference proof conditions. Finally, the 3-D modeling and kinematic simulation of line gear pairs show that the proposed line gear pairs can perform transmission normally. The proposed method will extend the application of line gear in the conventional power drive.


Abstract Background The results of case-control studies on the association between vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) polymorphisms and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are inconclusive. Objective We aimed to more precisely evaluate the correlation between the ApaI, BsmI, FokI, and TaqI VDR gene polymorphisms and PCOS susceptibility. Materials and Methods PubMed, Scopus, Science Citation Index, and Google Scholar databases were searched to retrieve related reports released up to the end of 2020. To evaluate the association strength of the VDR gene polymorphisms with PCOS risk, pooled odds ratios (OR) with a 95% confidence interval were determined. Results In total, 1,119 subjects (560 PCOS cases and 559 controls) from 7 studies were included which met the inclusion criteria. A statistically significant association between the TaqI polymorphism and PCOS susceptibility was found in the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office population (T vs. t: OR = 0.715; TT vs. tt: OR = 0.435, p < 0.001; TT vs. Tt+tt: OR = 0.696, p = 0.01; tt vs. TT+Tt: OR = 1.791, p < 0.001). It was found that the ApaI variant was a risk factor in the dominant inheritance model (AA vs. Aa+aa: OR = 1.466, p = 0.01) and the FokI polymorphism was a protective factor in the recessive inheritance model (ff vs. FF+Ff: OR = 0.669, p = 0.04). The VDR BsmI polymorphism did not show association with PCOS susceptibility. Conclusion Our meta-analysis revealed that the VDR ApaI in the dominant model, VDR FokI in the recessive model, and VDR TaqI polymorphisms in all genetic models are associated with vulnerability to PCOS. However, further studies with a larger sample size are required.


The Quick Response (QR) code service scanned by smartphones allows users to obtain information that would otherwise be difficult for them to access on their own. However, different personality traits and attitudes toward innovations might influence an individual's acceptance of this technology. A parallel model, in which personality traits predict individuals' attitudes toward innovation, which in turn predict acceptance of QR code services, is proposed. Participants (N = 689) completed an online questionnaire. The original findings did not confirm all of the hypotheses, especially in terms of the desire for uniqueness. Further analysis revealed that laggards and late majority consumers hold unfavorable attitudes toward innovation and are less willing to adopt QR code services. A comparison model suggests that the degree of mediation of the effects of personality traits on service acceptance by attitudes toward innovation varies across categories of consumers.


During the last two decades, the interests of large scale seamless analysis have been increased with respect to lifetime extension and management of infra-structure. And then, a seamless analysis of complex geometry is one of greatly interesting topic. However, there are still gaps between the industrial applications and fundamental academic studies owing to time consuming the modeling and analyzing process. To resolve these problems, the integrity evaluation procedure from knowledge-based information system (KIS) to ADVENTRUE has been proposed for the application of auto mesh generation and large scale analysis. The virtual plant which is used for the master of KIS, provides the 3D information of entities for mesh generation. And then, the ADVENTURE makes a domain decomposed mesh and analyzes it using hierarchical domain decomposition method. Considering the good applicability in both efficiency and exactness point of views, it is anticipated that the proposed study on large scale analysis can be used as a promising integrity evaluation method of infra-structures.


ABSTRACT The structural performance of timber elements may depend on the environmental conditions and in particular on the cyclic variations of the moisture content. Moisture gradients in the sections of the structural elements can produce additional stresses, the so-called moisture-induced stresses (MIS), which can cause the formation of cracks and delamination in wooden components. In order to achieve a reliable evaluation of the safety level of timber structures, the present paper proposes a numerical methodology to evaluate the MIS in glulam beams of timber bridges under Northern European climates and mechanical loads. A hygro-thermal multi-Fickian model for prediction of moisture content, relative humidity and temperature in wood is sequentially coupled with an orthotropic-viscoelastic-mechanosorptive model for calculation of wood stresses. Both models were developed by some of the authors in Abaqus FEM code in previous works and their coupling is used here to analyse the hygro-thermo-mechanical response of a glulam beam of Vihantasalmi Bridge in Finland under bending loads. Both perpendicular and parallel to grain MIS in a beam section sheltered from rain are evaluated during a 10-year analysis and conclusions on the crack risk related to these stresses are given.


Structures of interfaces between crystalline silicon and several polymorphes of crystalline silicon oxides were modeled by molecular dynamics (MD) with Reax force field. MD and annealing procedures were conducted in order to create the most plausible interface structure. As the measure of stability of the interface, the energies of selected subsystems, were calculated. The interface between silicon and β‐cristobalite turned out to have an amorphous arrangement of atoms. In all other interfaces, the crystalline order is preserved with defects in form of dislocated oxygen atoms. The interfaces between silicon and tridymite are the most ordered and energetically the most stable, but with the highest strain in the silicon layer.


Sweet Burdens presents a detailed ethnographic study of the lives of Russian-Jewish immigrants in Germany over the past twenty years. Focusing on the first generation of adult immigrants, Sveta Roberman examines how they question and negotiate their moral economy and civic culture vis-a-vis the host German state and society, on the one hand, and the Holocaust past, on the other. She approaches the immigrant-host encounter as one of many cycles of social exchanges taking place in multiple and diverse arenas. The book sheds light on a number of issues, including the moral economy of Jewish-German relations, immigrants' performances of civics and citizenship, modes of inclusion and exclusion, consumption and consumerism, work and the phenomena of unemployment and underemployment, the concept of community, and the dynamics and difficulties of reinventing Jewish identity and tradition.


Text to speech (TTS), or speech synthesis, which aims to synthesize intelligible and natural speech given text, is a hot research topic in speech, language, and machine learning communities and has broad applications in the industry. As the development of deep learning and artificial intelligence, neural network-based TTS has significantly improved the quality of synthesized speech in recent years. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive survey on neural TTS, aiming to provide a good understanding of current research and future trends. We focus on the key components in neural TTS, including text analysis, acoustic models, and vocoders, and several advanced topics, including fast TTS, low-resource TTS, robust TTS, expressive TTS, and adaptive TTS, etc. We further summarize resources related to TTS (e.g., datasets, opensource implementations) and discuss future research directions. This survey can serve both academic researchers and industry practitioners working on TTS.


Kodinova, S. & Dushkova, M. (2021). Investigation of the flux, selectivity and concentration factor during ultrafiltration of goat's milk. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 27 (2), 403–409 Combined effect of the working pressure, the feed flow rate and the volume reduction ratio on the flux during ultrafiltration of goat's milk with a polyacrylonitrile membrane UF10-PAN through full factorial experimental design was studied. The multi-factorial mathematical model and response surfaces showed that the highest value of the flux was obtained at a high level of the working pressure and the feed flow rate, and low level of the volume reduction ratio. The concentration factors according to the fat content, proteins and mineral substances increased, as the lowest increase was observed with the mineral substances. The selectivity of the membrane according to the proteins achieved 97.93% at volume reduction ratio of 3.


We focus on a family of quantum coin-flipping protocols based on quantum bit-commitment. We discuss how the semidefinite programming formulations of cheating strategies can be reduced to optimizing a linear combination of fidelity functions over a polytope. These turn out to be much simpler semidefinite programs which can be modelled using second-order cone programming problems. We then use these simplifications to construct their point games as developed by Kitaev by exploiting the structure of optimal dual solutions. We also study a family of classical coin-flipping protocols based on classical bit-commitment. Cheating strategies for these classical protocols can be formulated as linear programs which are closely related to the semidefinite programs for the quantum version. In fact, we can construct point games for the classical protocols as well using the analysis for the quantum case. We discuss the philosophical connections between the classical and quantum protocols and their point games as viewed from optimization theory. In particular, we observe an analogy between a spectrum of physical theories (from classical to quantum) and a spectrum of convex optimization problems (from linear programming to semidefinite programming, through second-order cone programming). In this analogy, classical systems correspond to linear programming problems and the level of quantum features in the system is correlated to the level of sophistication of the semidefinite programming models on the optimization side. Concerning security analysis, we use the classical point games to prove that every classical protocol of this type allows exactly one of the parties to entirely determine the coin-flip. Using the intricate relationship between the semidefinite programming based quantum protocol analysis and the linear programming based classical protocol analysis, we show that only "classical" protocols can saturate Kitaev's lower bound for strong coin-flipping. Moreover, if the product of Alice and Bob's optimal cheating probabilities is 1=2, then exactly one party can perfectly control the outcome of the protocol. This rules out quantum protocols of this type from attaining the optimal level of security.


Chin-nameh has been edited and annotated recently. There are many Persian words in this book which have undergone semantic transformation in Hindi. Without knowing their new meanings, one can hardly, if ever, understand the text. As there is no dictionary defining such words, the researcher is obliged to refer to other sources for correction and annotation to find the words here and there. The present study has tried to single out, categorize and define such terms. Dealing with these words help us study, investigate, annotate and edit the work more effectively. It can also be of great help in the process of selection and recension of the original manuscript.


Abstract Quorum sensing (QS) is a widespread mechanism utilized by both Gram (+) and Gram (−) bacteria for communication and regulation of specific virulence traits and phenotypes due to population density. Plants are known to produce a number of compounds that can inhibit this communication and most of them have been discovered through well-known Chromobacterium violaceum biomonitor strains assays. In this study, we have analyzed 36 extracts, from 26 Turkish plant species, for their effects on bacterial growth and inhibition or induction of QS in the said biomonitoring assay. Four of the crude plant extracts from Tanacetum balsamita L. subsp. balsamitoides (Compositaceae), Epilobium angustifolium L. (Onograceae), Quercus frainetto Ten. (Fagaceae) and Quercus robur L. (Fagaceae) showed QS inhibitory activity and significantly reduced violacein production in C. violaceum. Particularly, ethyl acetate soluble compounds extracted from leaves of Quercus spp. were efficient in QS inhibition without any apparent increase in bacterial growth. On the other hand, extracts from Mentha longifolia subsp. longifolia and Hypericum orientale showed enhanced violacein production, thus increasing QS-dependent behaviour. Our results clearly demonstrate the QS-inhibitory effects of Q. frainetto Ten., E. angustifolium and T. balsamita L. extracts, while two other species showed QS-inducing effects, for the first time.


In this study, next generation sequencing (NGS) was used to survey the 16S rRNA ribotypes of the distal intestinal lumen and mucosal epithelium of farmed rainbow trout. This approach yielded a library consisting of 2 979 715 quality filtered paired sequences, assigned to genus level of taxonomy using the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP). A high level of diversity was observed in both regions. A total of 90 bacterial genera were identified in the lumen of all fish sampled, compared with 159 in the mucosa. The allochthonous microflora was dominated by sequences belonging to the γ Proteobacteria (mean sequence abundance 54.3%), in particular the Enterobacteriaceae, with Yersinia, Serratia, Hafnia and Obesumbacterium the most abundant genera. Fewer γ Proteobacteria (mean sequence abundance 37%) were present in the mucosa, and autochthonous communities consisted of a more even split among the bacterial classes, with increases in sequences assigned to members of the β Proteobacteria (mean sequence abundance 18.4%) and Bacilli (mean sequence abundance 16.8%). The principal bacterial genera recorded in the mucosa were Cetobacterium, Yersinia, Ralstonia, Hafnia and Carnobacterium. The results of this study demonstrate that the luminal and mucosal bacterial communities may be different in their respective structures, and that the mucosal microflora of rainbow trout may be more diverse than previous research has suggested. This research also demonstrated a degree of conservation of bacterial genera between individual fish sampled, and is to the author's knowledge the first time the MiSeq® NGS platform has been used to explore the rainbow trout intestinal microflora.


OBJECTIVE
Recent work has emphasized the role of violent victimization, along with risky contexts like sex exchange, in pathways to problems of externalizing and substance use in women. Nonetheless, few studies have empirically tested gender differences involving the roles of adversity factors (e.g., childhood violent maltreatment, sex exchange) in drug use patterns. The present study tested a model of gender differences in relationships between childhood physical and sexual abuse, sex exchange, and two indicators of drug use: engagement and symptoms of disorder.

METHOD
We recruited an ethnically-diverse sample of 304 (130 women) adults with recent histories of violence and/or drug use, who completed a substance use diagnostic interview, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and a sex exchange questionnaire.

RESULTS
First, structural equation modeling revealed that childhood sexual and physical abuse were related to increased drug engagement in women and men, respectively, above the influence of early childhood contextual variables (e.g., neighborhood, family) and age. Second, sexual abuse was related to sex exchange, which in turn was related to drug use symptoms in women but not men.

CONCLUSIONS
These data provide empirical support for distinct trauma-related pathways to drug use problems in men and women, which has implications for gendered explanations and prevention approaches.


Understanding the organizational logic of neural circuits requires deciphering the biological basis of neuron type diversity and identity, but there is no consensus on defining a neuron type. We analyzed single cell transcriptomes of anatomically and physiologically characterized cortical ground truth populations and conducted a computational genomic screen for transcription profiles that distinguish them. We discovered that cardinal GABAergic neuron types are delineated by a transcriptional architecture that encodes their synaptic communication patterns. This architecture comprises 6 categories of ~40 gene families including cell adhesion molecules, transmitter-modulator receptors, ion channels, signaling proteins, neuropeptides and vesicular release components, and transcription factors. Combinatorial expression of select members across families shapes a multi-layered molecular scaffold along cell membrane that may customize synaptic connectivity patterns and input-output signaling properties. This molecular genetic framework of neuronal identity integrates cell phenotypes along multiple axes and provides a foundation for discovering and classifying neuron types.


The city of Brisbane, capital of the Australian state of Queensland, sits on a floodplain and has been struck by two devastating flood disasters in the last 50 years. This article contributes to the growing literature on disaster memory by tracing memories of a flood in 1974 as they were constructed and re-enacted in a more recent disaster in 2011. The article examines how disaster memories shape local identities and considers how such memories influence policy and local knowledge, doing so by reference to an analysis of three forms of memory media-personal narratives, news media reporting, and built memorials. At times, memories of 1974 enabled Brisbane residents to prepare for an oncoming flood and to understand the scope of the 2011 event. Yet other memories produced a form of forgetting by positioning the earlier flood as a successfully navigated event now safely contained in the past. Findings from the analysis thus point to the importance of understanding memories of past disasters as a critical element of disaster planning and management. Disciplines Education | Social and Behavioral Sciences Publication Details McKinnon, S. (2019). Remembering and forgetting 1974: the 2011 Brisbane floods and memories of an earlier disaster. Geographical Research, 57 (2), 204-214. This journal article is available at Research Online: https://ro.uow.edu.au/sspapers/4359


In recent years, the need for affordable sustainable housing has increased. At the same time, there has been a gradual rising interest in compact living. With the mounting impacts of climate change, a new way of thinking is needed to develop more resilient and climate responsive ways of living that are compact, affordable, and climate-conscious. In response to this need, the idea of a 'Z-Free Home' was born. The 'Z-Free Home' is a tiny mobile house equipped with essential passive and eco-cycle systems that achieves nine zero targets. The main design and construction concept is based on circular design and a return to nature life cycle principles. In this paper, the architectural design concept, building energy modelling, and simulation for the Z-Free Home design proposal is discussed. This paper describes the concept design and design development phases together with building modelling and simulation. A focus was made on the use of virtual reality in design development assessment as a new method for evaluating passive and eco-cycle systems. The results show that it's possible to achieve nine different zero goals while the analysis illustrates the challenges in achieving them. The paper also described the next steps planned for the proof of concept, i.e., the 1:1 house model. The project is ongoing, and it aims at a full-scale physical prototype as a proof of concept for the zero targets. The 'Z-Free Home' is designed for the cold Swedish climate but could be more widely applicable in other mild climates as well as hot climates.


AbstractThe Executive and members of the Section on Clinical Psychology of the Canadian Psychological Association (CPA) have developed a definition of the field of clinical psychology. This definition was approved by the Board of Directors as a CPA document in May 1993. In this article the development of the definition is summarized. The need for a definition, as well as the process of drafting the definition, are highlighted. Strategies for the use of the definition in advancing the field of clinical psychology are also addressed. The definition itself is included in an appendix.BACKGROUNDClinical psychologists make a unique and valuable contribution to the service of individuals, groups, and society. By combining scientific and applied skills, clinical psychologists are able to practice, to evaluate their practice, and to develop new methods and standards of practice. In the current social climate of economic restraint, as well as demand for cost - effectiveness and health care reform, our clinical skills may well become more valued by society than they are at present.In order to effectively represent ourselves to others, as well as to ourselves, we should be able to define what it is that we do, how we are trained to do it, and how we are credentialed. Yet there exists no official, accepted definition of clinical psychology. The Section on Clinical Psychology of the Canadian Psychological Association (CPA) accepted the task of developing a definition of clinical psychology to be used for educational and advocacy purposes. In this article, the process, outcome, and implications of these efforts are summarized.The idea of developing a definition of clinical psychology was generated at the second Annual Business Meeting of the Section on Clinical Psychology, which was held in Calgary, 1991. The intent was to develop a document that would provide a framework from which to guide advocacy efforts and education. The definition was targeted for use within the field to help promote competency and professional autonomy, as well as to help differentiate clinical psychology from other nonpsychology professions (e.g., psychiatry, social work). The Executive of the Section on Clinical Psychology believed that it was in a unique position to advocate on behalf of clinical psychology. The Section represents clinical psychologists from across Canada, it can limit its concerns to clinical psychology exclusively, and it can make recommendations and represent positions independently from provincial and territorial psychological associations and regulatory bodies. Provincial and territorial associations and regulatory bodies, by definition, have a much broader constituency to represent than clinical psychology.The Executive of the Section on Clinical Psychology believed that developing a definition of the field was a major undertaking and were aware of difficulties that Division 12 of the American Psychological Association (APA) had encountered in their efforts to arrive at a definition (Resnick, 1991). APA Division 12 began working on a definition in 1982, when its first task force was constituted. Despite significant effort, the task force was unable to reach a consensus. The task force did, however, make important strides in determining the scope of clinical psychology. In 1984 it became clear that there was a need to decide whether clinical psychology was best considered a broad field of endeavour or a specialty. To help make this determination a second task force was constituted in 1985. While no consensus on a definition was reached by 1990, the task force decided that clinical psychology should be considered a broad field, not a specialty. Also in 1990, the Board of Directors of APA Division 12 approved a definition (cited in Resnick, 1991). Unfortunately, APA Division 12 has been unable, as yet, to have the APA governance structure adopt this definition, owing to concerns from nonclinical practice constituencies (Barlow, June, 1994, personal communication). …


This paper presents a practical framework to bring the cyber-physical block diagram models, such as Ptolemy, to the practice of industrial automation. Cyber-Physical Component (CPC) architecture is suggested. CPC aims at the improvement of design, verification and validation practices in automation of Smart Grid. IEC 61499 standard is used as a basis for this architecture. This architecture addresses several design software and system engineering challenges: right equilibrium between abstract representation and "executability" and round-trip engineering. An CPC exhibit such properties as portability, interoperability and configurability thanks to the reliance on open standards. The use of time stamp based execution paradigm adds determinism and predictability at the run-time.