Intrinsic vascular responsiveness to norepinephrine, transmural electrical stimulation, 5-hydroxy-tryptamine, and vasopressin was studied in isolated helical cut strips of cystic artery (downstream branch of hepatic artery) from 120 subjects and related to blood pressure. Blood pressure, thickness of the tunica media, and passive elastic properties of arterial strips were each significantly correlated with age. With the exception of blood pressure in the female subjects, it is doubtful that these relationships are of major biologic significance. Nevertheless, in subgroup formation, care was taken to control for age. Hypertension was arbitrarily defined in three different ways as: (a) two diastolic pressure measurements greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg (HT90); (b) two diastolic pressure measurements greater than or equal to 95 mm Hg (HT95); or (c) treatment for hypertension instituted by a physician 6 months to 2 years after arteries were studied (HTQ). In arteries of hypertensive female subjects, responsiveness to norepinephrine (and possibly to 5-hydroxytryptamine) was increased significantly over the first half of the dose-response curve, particularly in the arteries of HT95 and HTQ subjects. Responses to transmural electrical stimulation and vasopressin were not consistently different. Such differences were not seen in arteries of male subjects where, if anything, responsiveness to norepinephrine (but not 5-hydroxytryptamine) was decreased. The present observations were made in the absence of any substantive difference in arterial dimensions (e.g., cross-section area) or in the maximal response to norepinephrine. The data support the notion that, at least for female subjects, alteration in intrinsic vascular responsiveness may play a role in the pathogenesis of human essential hypertension.


The main objective of this work was to gain novel information on the catalytic mechanism of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus 3C protease (FMDV 3Cpro) using ensemble and single-molecule fluorescence techniques. This was done to aid FMDV 3Cpro inhibitor development. FMDV is the causative agent of foot-and-mouth disease which affects cloven-hoofed animals, such as cattle and sheep, and can cause substantial losses to farmers as well as whole economies. Fluorescence anisotropy (FA) on ensemble level and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) on single-molecule level were used to probe the interactions of FMDV 3Cpro with its peptide substrates. The main focus of previous work has been on the substrate cleavage specificity of the 3Cpro. Therefore, the FA assays done here - using fluorescein-labelled and unlabelled peptide substrates - gave new insights into the substrate binding specificity of the enzyme. Single-molecule fluorescence experiments, in solution and with surface-immobilised enzyme, were done to probe the interaction of FMDV 3Cpro with FRET-labelled peptide substrates. It was demonstrated that single-molecule sensitivity could be reached, and that the peptide HiLyte488-APAKQLLC(HiLyte647)FDLLKK is a suitable FMDV 3Cpro substrate for single-molecule fluorescence experiments. Single-molecule TIRF (smTIRF) was used to look at the interaction of this FRET peptide with surface-immobilised FMDV 3Cpro, and it was shown that the enzyme retains its biological function after surface attachment. Furthermore, the smTIRF experiments yielded novel and detailed information on the catalytic mechanism of the protease, and the single-molecule data was shown to be consistent with existing ensemble results as well as ensemble fluorescence data obtained here. This work is the first demonstration of single-molecule level experiments on FMDV 3Cpro. A quick and convenient smTIRF protocol was developed, and the experiments done using this protocol yielded novel information on the mechanism of the enzyme. This information will undoubtedly be a step towards more rational FMDV 3Cpro inhibitor design.


An individual dopant atom may become the active unit of future electronic devices by mediating single-electron transport in nanoscale field-effect transistors. Single dopants can be accessed electrically even in a dopant-rich environment, offering the opportunity to develop applications based on arrays of dopants. Here, we focus on single-electron turnstile operation in arrays of dopant-induced quantum dots realized in highly-doped nanoscale transistors. We show that dopant-based single-electron turnstile can be achieved and tuned with a combination of two gates and we indicate guidelines for further optimization.


: Analyzing the expert opinions given by an institution of public health on the prerequisites of guardianship, we can discriminate between three groups of individuals: Juveniles reaching majority and young adults who suffer from some form of imbecillity, persons between circa 30 and 70 years of age suffering mainly from schizophrenic psychosis or alcohol dependency, and persons over 70 years of age suffering from dementia. Each group presents special problems for the psychiatric expert, assessment being most difficult in the middle-age group. Further general problems arising in expertising in guardianship cases are discussed, such as the specific role of the expert, prerequisites for assuming limited legal competence, admission to psychiatric hospitals on a nonvoluntary basis and cooperation with other institutions.


BACKGROUND
Studies in many countries in the 1990s revealed deficiencies in physicians' knowledge about inhalation therapy. In an attempt to remedy this situation, Spanish scientific societies implemented a variety of educational strategies. The objective of the present study was to assess changes in attitudes and knowledge about inhalers and inhalation techniques in a sizable sample of physicians.

METHODS
An 11-question multiple choice test was developed and administered throughout Spain to practicing physicians from specialties that frequently prescribe inhaler devices. The survey collected demographic characteristics (four items), preferences (two items), and issues related to knowledge (three items) and education (two items) about devices and inhalation techniques. Completion of the questionnaire was voluntary, individual, and anonymous.

RESULTS
A total of 1514 respondents completed the questionnaire. Dry powder inhalers (DPI) were preferred by 61.2% physicians, but only 46.1% identified "inhale deeply and forcefully" as the most significant step in the inhalation maneuver using these devices. Only 27.7% stated that they always checked the patient's inhalation technique when prescribing a new inhaler. A composite variable, general inhaled therapy knowledge, which pooled the correct answers related to knowledge, revealed that only 14.2% physicians had an adequate knowledge of inhaled therapy. Multivariate analysis showed that this knowledge was lowest among internal medicine and primary care physicians.

CONCLUSIONS
Prescribers' knowledge of inhalers and inhalation techniques remains poor in Spain. The causes should be identified in further research to allow effective educational strategies to be developed. Specific educational policies should be addressed to general practitioners.


2. George Hochmuth, professor, Department of Soil and Water Science; Laurie Trenholm, professor, Environmental Horticulture Department; Don Rainey, UF/IFAS Extension agent, UF/IFAS Extension Sarasota County; Esen Momol, director, and Claire Lewis, senior information specialist, Florida-Friendly LandscapingTM Program, and Brian Niemann, UF/IFAS Extension agent, UF/IFAS Extension Pinellas County; UF/IFAS Extension, Gainesville, FL 32611.


Abstract : Sodium fluoride (NaF), a space-centered cubic alkali halide crystal, when irradiated by high-energy electrons, X-rays, or ions forms F and M center absorption bands that can be modified by illumination with spatially modulated, polarized UV light at room temperature. The dipole moment formed by the M center provides a very-high-resolution polarizable absorption that can be read with polarized light and is therefore capable of information storage and recovery by holographic methods. The material is capable of write, erase, and read cycling with good reproducibility. Determination that there is a refractive-index shift at the base of the absoprtion zones suggests that phase holography is possible in this material, with attendant improved diffraction efficiencies. Modification of color-center formation by selected ion implantation indicates that higher sensitivity and diffraction efficiencies are possible without sacrificing the desirable properties of the basic material. Fourier-transform holograms as well as multiple gratings have been recorded and recovered. This material has satsifactorily demonstrated that it is a prime candidate for holographic storage where real-time write, read, and erase are specified requirements. (Author)


DNA strand scission by bleomycin in the presence of Cu and Fe was further characterized. It was found that DNA degradation occurred readily upon admixture of Cu(I) or Cu(II) + dithiothreitol + bleomycin, but only where the order of addition precluded initial formation of Cu(II)--bleomycin or where sufficient time was permitted for reduction of the formed Cu(II)--bleomycin to Cu(I)--bleomycin. DNA strand scission mediated by Cu + dithiothreitol + bleomycin was inhibited by the copper-selective agent bathocuproine when the experiment was carried out under conditions consistent with Cu chelation by bathocuproine on the time scale of the experiment. Remarkably, it was found that the extent of DNA degradation obtained with bleomycin in the presence of Fe and Cu was greater than that obtained with either metal ion alone. A comparison of the sequence selectivity of bleomycin in the presence of Cu and Fe using 32P-end-labeled DNA duplexes as substrates revealed significant differences in sites of DNA cleavage and in the extent of cleavage at sites shared in common. For deglycoblemycin and decarbamoylbleomycin, whose metal ligation is believed to differ from that of bleomycin itself, it was found that the relative extents of DNA cleavage in the presence of Cu were not in the same order as those obtained in the presence of Fe. The bleomycin-mediated oxygenation products derived from cis-stilbene were found to differ in type and amount in the presence of added Cu vs. added Fe. Interestingly, while product formation from cis-stilbene was decreased when excess Fe was added to a reaction mixture containing 1:1 Fe(III) and bleomycin, the extent of product formation was enhanced almost 4-fold in reactions that contained 5:1, as compared to 1:1, Cu and bleomycin. The results of these experiments are entirely consistent with the work of Sugiura [Sugiura, Y. (1979) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 90, 375-383], who first demonstrated the generation of reactive oxygen species upon admixture of O2 and Cu(I)--bleomycin.


Two hundred and fortynine male postgraduate students of management played the Prisoner's Dilemma Game (Deutsch, 1960) and filled out a postgame questionnaire measuring attitude toward the "other player". Striking differences resulted between trusting and trustworthy subjects on the one hand and suspicious and untrustworthy subjects on the other with respect to different meanings given to the dimension of trust (cooperation) in the interaction. As predicted, trusting behaviour of the other player was given a positively evaluative meaning – good versus bad – by the trusting and trustworthy subjects and negatively dynamism meaning – weak versus strong – by the suspicious and untrustworthy subjects. The trusting players expected the typical other to make either trusting or suspicious moves, whereas the suspicious subjects expected the typical other to be uniformly suspicious, yielding a high Triangularity Index (Kelley and Stahelski, 1970). Most provocatively, while 51% of trusting subjects thought that the other player was a female, 81% from among the suspicious subjects thought so. Some implications of the results in interpersonal and organizational situations are discussed.


Abstract. Knowledge of temperatures at the nanoscale is essential for studying and controlling the heat-induced local thermal responses. The temperature rise of a heated nanoparticle (NP) near the interface of two kinds of media with different thermal conductivities is numerically investigated. We find that the temperature rise becomes size independent if it is scaled by the temperature rise in the case where the particle-interface distance is zero and the distance is scaled by the equivalent radius of the NP. This universal scaling behavior can be understood with the principle of dimensional homogeneity. An empirical equation is retrieved to predict the actual particle temperature at a given position. Our results may benefit precise control of heat at the nanoscale with applications in plasmonic absorbers, immunotargeted photothermal cancer cell killing, etc.


Illicit drug use has many consequences resulting in social, health, and economic harm. An objective method of quantifying societal drug use would be useful for the efficient directing of the efforts of law enforcement, medical facilities and policy makers, and to inform the community. To this end, efforts to ascertain societal drug use have relied upon community surveys and extrapolation from law enforcement seizures, which often present the data as biased or skewed due to a small sample size and other associated limitations.

In recent times, wastewater-based drug epidemiology (WBDE) has been proposed as a suitable means to objectively quantify societal drug use. WBDE is the study of the incidence and distribution of drug use within a population and the its factors affecting the health and welfare. It is a method contingent upon the concept of measuring drug metabolites or biomarkers in wastewater (WW), from which levels of societal drug use are estimated and quantified through extrapolation and back-calculations.

The aim of this study was to critically review the various methods of WBDE that have been applied in Australia and in Europe. The outcomes of the assessment pertaining to their validity in directly and objectively measuring societal drug use will be presented.

Keywords: wastewater-based drug epidemiology, wastewater-based epidemiology, illicit drugs, drug abuse, estimate, societal drug use, population


The question of the composition of protocols is an important and heavily researched one. In this paper we consider the problem of sequential composition of synchronous protocols that do not have simultaneous termination; i.e., the parties do not necessarily conclude a protocol execution in the same round. A problem arises becauses such protocols must begin in synchrony; therefore a second execution cannot follow from the first in a straightforward manner. An important example of a protocol with this property is that of randomized Byzantine Agreement with an expected constant number of rounds (such as the one due to Feldman and Micali). We note that expected constant-round Byzantine Agreement cannot have simultaneous termination and thus this (problematic) property is inherent.Given that the termination of the parties is not simultaneous, a natural question to consider is how to synchronize the parties so that such protocols can be sequentially composed. Furthermore, such a composition should preserve the original running-time of the protocol, i.e. running the protocol ℓ times sequentially should take in the order of ℓ times the running-time of the protocol. In this paper, we present a method for sequentially composing any protocol in which the players do not terminate in the same round, while preserving the original round complexity. An important application of this result is the sequential composition of parallel Byzantine Agreement. Such a composition can be used by parties connected in a point-to-point network to run protocols designed for the broadcast model, while maintaining the original round complexity.


Describes the study of quartz temperature sensors based on new bulk acoustic wave microresonators operating in thickness modes. First, we compare the thermal sensitivity and the electromechanical coupling coefficients of singly or doubly rotated cuts. These investigations allow us to select some cuts with both a good thermal sensitivity and piezoelectric characteristics. In the second part, emphasis is placed on the micromachining of resonators suspended by four bridges. These two theoretical considerations lead to the choice of three cuts. Experimental measurements are then presented. The temperature-frequency characteristics of the resonators are measured over the range 20 to 100 /spl deg/C. Motional resistances and Q factors are determined at room temperature.


The phenomenon of vibration mode localization in periodic and near periodic structures has been well documented over the past four decades. In spite of its long history, and presence in a wide range of engineering structures, the approach to detect mode localization remains rather rudimentary in nature. The primary way is via a visual inspection of the mode shapes. For systems with complex geometry, the judgment of mode localization can become subjective as it would depend on visual ability and interpretation of the analyst. This paper suggests a numerical approach using the modal data to quantify mode localization by utilizing the modal assurance criterion (MAC) across all the modes due to changes in some system parameters. The proposed MAC localization factor (MACLF) gives a value between 0 and 1 and therefore gives an explicit value for the degree of mode localization. First-order sensitivity based approaches are proposed to reduce the computational effort. A two-degree-of-freedom system is first used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach. The finite element method (FEM) was used to study two progressively complex systems, namely, a coupled two-cantilever beam system and an idealized turbine blade. Modal data is corrupted by random noise to simulate robustness when applying the MACLF to experimental data to quantify the degree of localization. Extensive numerical results have been given to illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach.


Entity-linking systems link noun phrase mentions in a text to their corresponding knowledge base entities in order to enrich a text with metadata. Wikipedia is a popular and comprehensive knowledge base that is widely used in entity-linking systems. However, long-tail entities are not popular enough to have their own Wikipedia articles. Therefore, a knowledge base created by using Wikipedia entities would be limited to only popular entities. In order to overcome the knowledge base coverage limitation of Wikipedia-based entity-linking systems, this paper presents an entity-discovery system that can detect semantic types of entities that are not defined in Wikipedia. The effectiveness of the proposed system was validated empirically through the use of generated data sets for the Turkish language. The experimental results show that, in terms of accuracy, our system performs competitively in comparison to the previous methods in the literature. Its high performance is achieved through a method that learns word embeddings for candidate entities.


In this paper we present ideas that can help to close the gap between virtual reality and embedded interaction, which are usually assumed to be the two extremes of a dimension that describes mixed reality interaction. We present our preliminary ideas on surface interaction with stereoscopic data as well as our work on mobile camera-projector units. While the first line of research tries to increase the degree of the interaction experience in virtual worlds, the second uses the physical properties of the real world to enhance the augmented reality experience. The first idea uses the physical world to constraint the interaction in the virtual world. The second idea embeds virtual information into the physical world by respecting its physical properties.


Introduction Quality assurance is a way of measuring, improving, and maintaining the quality of any human activity that has a value. It may be academic, sports performance, business, or economy. Quality assurance is a means of ensuring that the best practices are encouraged in a social system. Kisailowska (2002) noted that quality assurance principles are a certain form of naming and ordering the actions that are necessary for assuring the quality, for instance of teaching, that later is internally measured and evaluated at a given university, and also externally, during an accreditation process. As a result of this, quality assurance principles are to be used as indicators to ensure compliance. It is noteworthy that quality assurance principles regulate both the external and internal activities of an educational institution. Monash University (2005) observes that the library, in assuring quality, should be committed to best practices in service provision and resource management, while still ensuring financial and administrative accountability. Nwamarah (2002) observes that the effective management of Nigerian universities depends, to a large extent, on how university managers (including University Librarians) have used available human and material resources. The library needs adequate manpower and facilities to be functional. Peer group assessment is adopted as a means of evaluating compliance to any standard and before quality is assured, there is usually a standard. Assuring quality means: * pointing to and naming the elements that are decisive to the evaluation of an educational process or other assessable elements; * defining the procedures for acting, appointing person and working out the documents necessary for the correct execution of tasks relating to a given entity; * setting quality indicators; and * analyzing quality on a regular basis with the use of appropriate tools. Assuring quality in libraries mean that there must be a striking balance between when should be or what ought to be and what is on ground in the libraries. It is important that a standard be used as a yardstick for development and that minimum standard prescribed for libraries should be closely followed. Quality Assurance in Nigerian University Libraries In every organization, the need for quality in the operation of the system is given priority. Factors in library quality assurance include: * a library that should give its clienteles the expected minimum services expected in the 21 st century context, * a growing library, i.e., a library that strives to meet the minimum standard as stipulated by the supervisory agency of that establishment (National Universities Commission in this instance). Library Services In the 21st century, library services have shifted from the traditional and routine activities o a more lively, dynamic, and challenging system. More practical and user--friendly services much as Current Awareness Services (CAS), Selective Dissemination of Information (SDI), Literature Searching (LS), Indexing and Abstracting (A and A), and functional ICT services, among others, should be given priority. Reference service for undergraduates often involves not only answering specific questions, but also personalized instruction in identifying and locating materials (ALA 2006). Reference service introduces a wide variety of resources in the library system and beyond, connecting undergraduates to specialized library and other campus support services. User education should improve students' ability to use the library. Instruction may be offered as part of course work, workshops, in network-based instruction, in term-paper clinics, and through point-of-use aids in the library. Minimum Standards Monash University (2005) describes a quality review that all staff took part in. The review entailed a detailed Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOTs) analysis of the system. …


This paper presents preview of the new book titled "Security of Computer Systems and Networks" (original in Serbian language "Sigurnost računarskih sistema i mreža") – textbook for University lectures, but also a book that covers majority of important areas concerning current state of security. The book is the result of lecturing experience, research in this area, and also practical experience that authors have in many fields, including but not limited to architecture and design of security products and software, network projects, consultancy, analysis of issues and problems and providing solutions to them. It is not just a textbook for students, as it is suitable for all IT professionals and also for company management including IT as well as general management for companies, organizations and government agencies that base their vital infrastructure on computer and mobile technology. It is suitable for decision makers and for people who want to get almost complete overview of the computer and network security as it is now. In some areas of computer security, such as intrusion prevention and detection systems, e-commerce, and proper network and operating system security administration, this book goes one step further, presenting some novelties in the field and suggesting new solutions for


BACKGROUND: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) parallels the rise in childhood obesity. MetS is associated with neurocognitive impairments in adults, but this is thought to be a long-term effect of poor metabolism. It would be important to ascertain whether these brain complications are also present among adolescents with MetS, a group without clinically manifest vascular disease and relatively short duration of poor metabolism. METHODS: Forty-nine adolescents with and 62 without MetS, matched on age, socioeconomic status, school grade, gender, and ethnicity, received endocrine, MRI, and neuropsychological evaluations. RESULTS: Adolescents with MetS showed significantly lower arithmetic, spelling, attention, and mental flexibility and a trend for lower overall intelligence. They also had, in a MetS-dose–related fashion, smaller hippocampal volumes, increased brain cerebrospinal fluid, and reductions of microstructural integrity in major white matter tracts. CONCLUSIONS: We document lower cognitive performance and reductions in brain structural integrity among adolescents with MetS, thus suggesting that even relatively short-term impairments in metabolism, in the absence of clinically manifest vascular disease, may give rise to brain complications. In view of these alarming results, it is plausible that obesity-associated metabolic disease, short of type 2 diabetes mellitus, may be mechanistically linked to lower the academic and professional potential of adolescents. Although obesity may not be enough to stir clinicians or even parents into action, these results in adolescents strongly argue for an early and comprehensive intervention. We propose that brain function be introduced among the parameters that need to be evaluated when considering early treatment of childhood obesity.


Halogenated agonists for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), such as 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), cause developmental toxicity in fish. AHR dependence of these effects is known for TCDD but only presumed for PCB126, and the AHR-regulated genes involved are known only in part. We defined the role of AHR in regulation of four cytochrome P450 1 (CYP1) genes and the effect of PCB126 on cell cycle genes (i.e., PCNA and cyclin E) in zebra fish (Danio rerio) embryos. Basal and PCB126-induced expression of CYP1A, CYP1B1, CYP1C1, and CYP1C2 was examined over time as well as in relation to cell cycle gene expression and morphological effects of PCB126 in developing zebra fish. The four CYP1 genes differed in the time for maximal basal and induced expression, i.e., CYP1B1 peaked within 2 days postfertilization (dpf), the CYP1Cs around hatching (3 dpf), and CYP1A after hatching (14-21 dpf). These results indicate developmental periods when the CYP1s may play physiological roles. PCB126 (0.3-100nM) caused concentration-dependent CYP1 gene induction (EC50: 1.4-2.7nM, Lowest observed effect concentration [LOEC]: 0.3-1nM) and pericardial edema (EC50: 4.4nM, LOEC: 3nM) in 3-dpf embryos. Blockage of AHR2 translation significantly inhibited these effects of PCB126 and TCDD. PCNA gene expression was reduced by PCB126 in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that PCB126 could suppress cell proliferation. Our results indicate that the four CYP1 genes examined are regulated by AHR2 and that the effect of PCB126 on morphology in zebra fish embryos is AHR2 dependent. Moreover, the developmental patterns of expression and induction suggest that CYP1 enzymes could function in normal development and in developmental toxicity of PCB126 in fish embryos.


Schelling's model of segregation looks to explain the way in which particles or agents of two types may come to arrange themselves spatially into configurations consisting of large homogeneous clusters, i.e. connected regions consisting of only one type. As one of the earliest agent based models studied by economists and perhaps the most famous model of self-organising behaviour, it also has direct links to areas at the interface between computer science and statistical mechanics, such as the Ising model and the study of contagion and cascading phenomena in networks. While the model has been extensively studied it has largely resisted rigorous analysis, prior results from the literature generally pertaining to variants of the model which are tweaked so as to be amenable to standard techniques from statistical mechanics or stochastic evolutionary game theory. In Brandt et al (2012 Proc. 44th Annual ACM Symp. on Theory of Computing) provided the first rigorous analysis of the unperturbed model, for a specific set of input parameters. Here we provide a rigorous analysis of the model's behaviour much more generally and establish some surprising forms of threshold behaviour, notably the existence of situations where an increased level of intolerance for neighbouring agents of opposite type leads almost certainly to decreased segregation.


Over the past few years, interest has grown about the health benefits of lucerne (alfalfa), however, little is known about consumers' attitudes towards consuming this forage legume. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine consumer knowledge in different demographic groups and to investigate the role of health benefits, food safety risks, sensory qualities and synonyms on attitudes.  Purposive sampling was employed, recruiting male and female respondents ( n = 384) from Bloemfontein City, Free State Province. For the determination of attitude, hypotheses were represented via the conceptual model, as to depict health benefits, food safety risks, sensory qualities and synonyms as antecedents of consumers' attitudes towards lucerne. Self-administered questionnaires were filled out, and it was examined for validity and reliability. While 63.1% of the respondents were knowledgeable on lucerne as a forage legume and animal feed source, 90.3% never consumed lucerne before. Older respondents with a grade 12 or higher education, were significantly (p<0.001) more knowledgeable about lucerne. The predictors, sensory qualities and synonyms, contributed significantly (p<0.001) to consumers' attitudes towards lucerne. These predictors should be used for product development, sustainable production and increased consumption of lucerne. Awareness of lucerne's nutritional potential for human consumption should be raised since it could contribute to food security for sustainable development in Africa.


Princeton's scalable display wall project explores building and using a large-format display with commodity components. The prototype system has been operational since March 1998. Our goal is to construct a collaborative space that fully exploits a large-format display system with immersive sound and natural user interfaces. Our prototype system is built with low-cost commodity components: a cluster of PCs, PC graphics accelerators, consumer video and sound equipment, and portable presentation projectors. This approach has the advantages of low cost and of tracking technology well, as high-volume commodity components typically have better price-performance ratios and improve at faster rates than special-purpose hardware. We report our early experiences in building and using the display wall system. In particular, we describe our approach to research challenges in several specific research areas, including seamless tiling, parallel rendering, parallel data visualization, parallel MPEG decoding, layered multiresolution video input, multichannel immersive sound, user interfaces, application tools, and content creation.


Recent petrological and geochemical investigations of MORB at the southern segments of Central Indian Ridge (CIR) reveal the heterogeneous distributions of MORB-source mantle (Sato et al., 2015). Sato et al. (2015) concluded that MORB from off-ridge area at the CIR-S1 segment are depleted trace element compositions than typical MORB. Furthermore, depletions of trace element geochemistry of off-ridge MORB from CIR-S1 segment decrease toward present spreading ridge. Because off-ridge MORB was recovered from several dredge sites parallel to the flow line, these distributions might indicate spatial distributions of mantle heterogeneity beneath CIR-S1 segment. Newly analyzed isotope compositions suggest that MORB depleted in trace element is enriched in radiogenic Sr and Nd. Machida et al. (2014) proposed that "Radiogenic Depleted component (RD)" contributes to the genesis of basalts from CIR-15 segment at 20 degree south and CIR-18 segment at 16 degree south. We suggest that RD component widely spreads along CIR.


This article politicises the discourse of emerging markets in global finance. The black-boxed appearance of credit markets easily obscures the significant amount of subjective evaluation and cultural work that underpins capital flows. This article reveals the colonial, masculine, and racial imagination that informs the articulation of emerging markets as geographies of risk and profit. This brings into view the postcolonial nature of contemporary finance and how colonialism's regimes of power and knowledge remain crucial for the reproduction of the global political economy. To illustrate this point, the article highlights the sociality of credit practices. Contrary to their mathematical appearance, credit is a relationship with the future, mediated by social imaginations of trust. Focusing on emerging markets as 'risk-versus-reward' investments, this article examines the long-term colonial histories embedded in modern investment discourses. The article aims to show the continuing relevance this history plays for emerging market economies in modern financial markets and their political economies.


Assessing biodiversity and the spatial structures of forest ecosystems are important for forestry and nature conservation. However, tropical forests of Bangladesh are only sparsely investigated. Here we determined biodiversity (alpha, beta and gamma), spatial species turnover and stand characteristics of one of the few remnant tropical forests in Bangladesh. Two differently protected areas of Satchari forest were compared. We recorded tree species composition, in a systematic plot design, measured diameter at breast height for each individual tree (to assess basal area), and calculated decay in similarity of tree species composition with geographical distance. The distance-decay was assessed separately for the whole study area and for two subsamples from Satchari National Park and Satchari Reserve Forest. Satchari National Park (strictly protected) had, despite its smaller area, a higher Alpha and Gamma diversity, but a lower Beta diversity than Satchari Reserve Forest. Variation in species composition was not significant between the two differently protected areas. Basal area increased significantly with protection status although tree individuals were of equal size in both areas. Plots in the Reserve Forest were associated with higher species turnover than in the National Park. We suggest anthropogenic disturbance, which occurs in the less strictly protected Reserve Forest, is the main driver for the detected spatial heterogeneity in species composition.


Interactions between invasive prey and native predators can provide an opportunity to better understand predator–prey dynamics and how these may change through ontogeny. Eastern Fence Lizards (Sceloporus undulatus (Bosc and Daudin in Sonnini and Latreille, 1801)) are ant specialist, particularly as juveniles. Invasive red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta Buren, 1972) pose a lethal risk to S. undulatus that eat them, especially smaller-bodied juveniles. We examine ontogenetic shifts in S. undulatus consumption of toxic invasive fire ants versus palatable native pyramid ants (Dorymyrmex bureni (Trager, 1988)). We predicted that hatchlings should avoid eating fire ants in favor of native ants, whereas less-vulnerable adults should take advantage of both prey sources. However, when given the choice between fire ants and native ants, hatchlings consumed similar numbers of these species, whereas adults consumed nearly three times as many native ants as invasive fire ants. Increased consumption of fire ants in adulthood could be the result of lifetime experience, strategies to safely consume fire ants, ontogenetic shifts in the ability to distinguish between ants, or reduced costs to adults of eating venomous ants. Future research should aim to distinguish these alternative mechanisms and examine the long-term consequences of native species incorporating toxic invasive prey into their diets.


Silver nanoparticles can destroy bacteria, viruses and fungi; therefore, it is recommended as a disinfectant and can be used as a drug in the treatment of some non-curable viral disease in livestock. The aim of the present investigation was to study the effects of nanosilver induced toxicity on the liver of broiler chickens. This study was carried out on 240 one-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) in a completely randomized design (CRD) in four treatments at 0 (control), 4, 8 and 12 ppm levels of silver nanoparticles that was added daily to the drinking water with four repetitions within 16 separate cages and 15 birds in each pen. At the end of the experiment (day 42), 32 chicks were randomly selected and slaughtered thereafter, H&E, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and light microscope was used to examine livers. Liver histopathology and H&E staining showed dose depended changes such as fatty degeneration, sinusoidal congestion, central vein dilatation, necrosis in hepatocytes and fibrosis. TUNEL staining showed significant (p<0.01) increase of apoptotic cells in groups 3 (8 ppm) and 4 (12 ppm). Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA. Lesions and apoptotic cells in groups 3 (8 ppm) and 4 (12 ppm) were more severe than in group 2 (4 ppm). It can be concluded that higher concentrations of nanosilver (8 and 12 ppm) can induce sever lesions in chickens liver.


The Internet has grown extremely fast in the last two decades. The number of routes to be supported by the routers has become very large. Moreover, the number of messages exchanged to distribute the routes has increased even faster. To keep up with the increase, network operators regularly have to perform costly upgrades of the routers. It is unclear whether advances in hardware will be able to keep up with the increasing routing load. More importantly, the large number of routes and iBGP messages negatively impacts iBGP convergence time leading to long connectivity losses.

In this paper, we propose a scalable way to support the Internet routes in a Service Provider network. We make use of distributed servers that select routes on behalf of the routers. Then, routes are stored in a Distributed Hash Table (DHT). We adapted the concept of DHT for that purpose. Each router maintains its share of Internet routes in addition to a cache of routes currently in use to forward the Internet traffic. We call our proposal SpliTable. We show that our proposal is more scalable in the number of routes supported in each router than current iBGP route distribution solutions. Moreover, the number of control messages exchanged with our proposal is bounded contrary to current sparse iBGP route distribution solutions which may never converge.


Giovanni Sartori famously wrote that political parties do not need to be mini-republics, yet today parties in many parliamentary democracies are moving in this direction by giving their members direct votes over important decisions, including selecting party leaders and settling policy issues. This paper explores some of the implications of these changes. It asks whether the addition of membership rights affects the types of members who are attracted: do we find a bigger gap between the preferences of party members and of party voters in parties that are more plebiscitary, as literature on members' motivations might lead us to expect? The paper examines this question both cross-sectionally and longitudinally using opinion data from the European Social Survey and newly-available party organizational data from the Political Party Database project.


Abstract The 'yes means yes' model of sexual consent and the political and ethical commitments that underpin this model have three fundamental disadvantages. This position unfairly polices the sexual expression of participants; it demands an unreasonably high standard for defining sexual interaction as consensual; and by denying the body's capacity for expressing sexual consent this model allows perpetrators of sexual violence to define consent. I argue that a critical examination of Marquis de Sade's novel Juliette can provide the basis for a model of sexual consent that avoids these problems by refraining from pre-judging the means by which consent is communicated. Keywords: Sexual ethics, sexual consent, feminist theory, yes means yes, no means no, Marquis de Sade, embodiment ----- Bibl iography: Kavanagh, Chandra: Juliette: A model of sexual consent, INSEP, Vol. 4, Issue 1-2016, pp. 43-54. https://doi.org/10.3224/insep.v2i1.25765


I first met Don Patinkin when I was demobbed in 1949, after serving for many years in the Palmach, and moved to Jerusalem together with my friend Eliezer Sheffer to begin studying economics. Patinkin, who was a young lecturer, impressed us immensely with his excellent teaching method and modest, friendly personality. Over the years we became colleagues and close friends. But I am not going to talk about that today. The subject I have been asked to speak about is Don Patinkin's contribution to monetary theory. Don's contribution to monetary theory found expression in four main spheres: 1. Presenting a closed and elegant monetary model, as expressed in his monumental book, Money, Interest and Prices (MIP). 2. Don's criticism of the monetary model as presented in its day by the classical and neoclassical economists. 3. His analysis of involuntary unemployment. 4. His formal analysis of the Keynesian model. I will now discuss these topics in greater detail.


The purpose of this paper is to explore and analyze three aspects of the relationship between general pedagogy and Health education. Two different doctoral dissertations on Health education, claimed to be written from different scientific positions (hermeneutic and positivistic), were analyzed from science--philosophical, knowledgetheoretical and methodological points of view. The analysis showed that none of the dissertations contained any deeper discussion on sciencephilosophical or knowledge-theoretical issues and that both of the dissertations were written mainly in the hermeneutic tradition. The reason for this is probably that Health education, especially promotive Health education, handles divergent questions that seldom, or never, can be handled with positivistic methods. One consequence of this is that the results of research on promotive Health education rarely, or never, are normative and can tell how to teach about health in a specific educational situation. Instead the results can be used as a background for didactic reflection whey planning and realizing Health education initiatives. Another consequence is that the present trend with demand for evidence based Health education, can be questioned! Because promotive Health education is so heavily loaded with divergent questions, and because pedagogical research, according to Habermas, has an emancipatory or critical "knowledge interest". Research can explain what is going on in one situation but not predict what will happen in a similar, but other situation! Therefore this paper argues that the idea of evidence based, promotive health education is hard, or impossible, to realize.


In this paper, we introduce one novel hardware acceleration technique based on a vector unit built in a regular CPU for high performance electromagnetic simulation. We investigate the performance of parallel FDTD method on the Intel and AMD processors accelerated by the Vector Arithmetic Logic Unit (VALU), high performance cluster, and Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). The FDTD method that is parallel in nature is one of the most popular numerical methods to simulate various electromagnetic problems and phenomena. Several examples are employed to demonstrate the engineering applications of parallel conformal FDTD method based on the VALU acceleration.


Australian doctors and medical trainees are being urged to shun drug company representatives in a new grassroots pledge campaign criticised by the drug industry as potentially dangerous for patients and cautiously received by the nation's leading doctors' group.

The No Advertising Please initiative (http://noadvertisingplease.com.au) will formally launch on Saturday 11 October at the annual conference of the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners in Adelaide. More than 100 signatories have already taken its pledge not to see drug company reps for the next 12 months, including several high profile medical academics.

The campaign's founder, Justin Coleman, is hoping for a "culture shift" away from visits by drug representatives—the usual way for doctors to keep …


Estimation of local orientations in multivariate signals is an important problem in image processing and computer vision. This general problem formulation also covers optical flow estimation, which can be regarded as orientation estimation in space-time-volumes. Modelling a signal using only a single orientation, however, is often too restrictive, since occlusions and transparencies occur frequently, thus necessitating the modelling and analysis of multiple orientations. We, therefore, develop a unifying mathematical model for multiple orientations: Beyond describing an arbitrary number of orientations in scalar- and vector-valued image data such as color image sequences, it allows the unified treatment of additively and occludingly superimposed oriented structures as well as of combinations of these. Based on this model, we describe estimation schemes for an arbitrary number of additively or occludingly superimposed orientations in images. We confirm the performance of our framework on both synthetic and real image data.


Purpose

Upcoming as well as mature industries are facing pressure as regards successfully managing operational excellence, and, at the same time, driving and managing innovation. Quality management concepts and practices' ability to tackle this challenge have been questioned. It has even been suggested that there is a need to provide and promote an updated/changed, and even re-branded, version of Total Quality Management, merging quality management (QM) and innovation management (IM). Can such a shift then actually be spotted? The purpose of this paper is to explore and see if there are any signs suggesting that QM and IM actually are about to merge.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on literature reviews, document studies and interviews.

Findings

The paper highlights three signs indicating that QM and IM indeed are approaching each other, and that it is a movement driven from both sectors, e.g., in the work with new ISO-standards and the Toyota Kata framework.

Originality/value

The indicated development has fundamental and extensive practical implications. It will for example have to be followed by a similar merging of the two fields in the educational system, and in the competences of future managers.


Functional Assessment of Erythrocytic Antibodies by Photometrical Identification of Erythrophagocytosis in the Monocyte Monolayer Assay (MMA): In haemolytic disease of newborn (erythroblastosis fetalis) the in vivo behaviour of erythrocytic IgG antibodies is of particular significance. The monocyte monolayer assay (MMA), which determines by microscopy the number of erythrocytes phagocytosed by monocytes, is an important functional test for the qualitative assessment of erythrocytic lgG antibodies. We set up a photometric MMA and compared it with the microscopic MMA. In both tests we employed commercially available rhesus antibody sera and examined 8 sera of pregnant women with mild and severe courses of haemolytic disease of newborn by the photometric MMA. Good agreement was found between the microscopic and photometric MMA (r = 0,93). Over and above this the photometric MMA correlated with the course of haemolytic disease of newborn in 7 out of 8 cases (with one false-positive finding). The photometric technique permits rapid, sensitive and reproducible determination of erythrophagocytosis in microtitre plates. This method is based on the photometric detection of haemoglobin of phagocytosed erythrocytes via a peroxidase reaction. Standardised photometric MMA could in future be more widely applied especially in haemolytic disease of newborn for the functional characterisation of erythrocytic antibodies, the incidence of intra-assay and inter-assay errors being low.


Given an abstract, deformed, ordinary sketch from untrained amateurs like you and me, this paper turns it into a photorealistic image – just like those shown in Fig. 1(a), all non-cherry-picked. We differ significantly from prior art in that we do not dictate an edgemap-like sketch to start with, but aim to work with abstract free-hand human sketches. In doing so, we essentially democratise the sketch-to-photo pipeline, "picturing" a sketch regardless of how good you sketch. Our contribution at the outset is a decoupled encoder-decoder training paradigm, where the decoder is a StyleGAN trained on photos only. This importantly ensures that generated results are always photorealistic. The rest is then all centred around how best to deal with the abstraction gap between sketch and photo. For that, we propose an autoregressive sketch mapper trained on sketch-photo pairs that maps a sketch to the StyleGAN latent space. We further introduce specific designs to tackle the abstract nature of human sketches, including a fine-grained discriminative loss on the back of a trained sketch-photo retrieval model, and a partial-aware sketch augmentation strategy. Finally, we showcase a few downstream tasks our generation model enables, amongst them is showing how fine-grained sketch-based image retrieval, a well-studied problem in the sketch community, can be reduced to an image (generated) to image retrieval task, surpassing state-of-the-arts. We put forward generated results in the supplementary for everyone to scrutinise. Project page: https://subhadeepkoley.github.io/PictureThatSketch


Background and objective To take full advantage of decision support, machine learning, and patient-level prediction models, it is important that models are not only created, but also deployed in a clinical setting. The KETOS platform demonstrated in this work implements a tool for researchers allowing them to perform statistical analyses and deploy resulting models in a secure environment. Methods The proposed system uses Docker virtualization to provide researchers with reproducible data analysis and development environments, accessible via Jupyter Notebook, to perform statistical analysis and develop, train and deploy models based on standardized input data. The platform is built in a modular fashion and interfaces with web services using the Health Level 7 (HL7) Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard to access patient data. In our prototypical implementation we use an OMOP common data model (OMOP-CDM) database. The architecture supports the entire research lifecycle from creating a data analysis environment, retrieving data, and training to final deployment in a hospital setting. Results We evaluated the platform by establishing and deploying an analysis and end user application for hemoglobin reference intervals within the University Hospital Erlangen. To demonstrate the potential of the system to deploy arbitrary models, we loaded a colorectal cancer dataset into an OMOP database and built machine learning models to predict patient outcomes and made them available via a web service. We demonstrated both the integration with FHIR as well as an example end user application. Finally, we integrated the platform with the open source DataSHIELD architecture to allow for distributed privacy preserving data analysis and training across networks of hospitals. Conclusion The KETOS platform takes a novel approach to data analysis, training and deploying decision support models in a hospital or healthcare setting. It does so in a secure and privacy-preserving manner, combining the flexibility of Docker virtualization with the advantages of standardized vocabularies, a widely applied database schema (OMOP-CDM), and a standardized way to exchange medical data (FHIR).


Free-floating tumor cells located in the blood of cancer patients, known as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), have become key targets for studying metastasis. However, effective strategies to study the free-floating behavior of tumor cells in vitro have been a major barrier limiting the understanding of the functional properties of CTCs. Upon extracellular-matrix (ECM) detachment, breast tumor cells form tubulin-based protrusions known as microtentacles (McTNs) that play a role in the aggregation and re-attachment of tumor cells to increase their metastatic efficiency. In this study, we have designed a strategy to spatially immobilize ECM-detached tumor cells while maintaining their free-floating character. We use polyelectrolyte multilayers deposited on microfluidic substrates to prevent tumor cell adhesion and the addition of lipid moieties to tether tumor cells to these surfaces through interactions with the cell membranes. This coating remains optically clear, allowing capture of high-resolution images and videos of McTNs on viable free-floating cells. In addition, we show that tethering allows for the real-time analysis of McTN dynamics on individual tumor cells and in response to tubulin-targeting drugs. The ability to image detached tumor cells can vastly enhance our understanding of CTCs under conditions that better recapitulate the microenvironments they encounter during metastasis.


Sexual violence has long been a problem on college campuses, yet federal policies to protect students have largely been ineffectual. Spurred by student grievances, the U.S. Department of Education's Office of Civil Rights recently began investigating how sexual assault cases were handled at a number of institutions under the Title IX provisions of the Education Amendments of 1972. These investigations focus attention on specific colleges' responses to cases of sexual violence and raise the specter that these institutions may fail to properly investigate allegations or punish perpetrators. In this paper, we examine the implications of these investigations on college enrollment, particularly for women. We combine institution-level panel data on enrollment by age and gender, with information on Title IX investigations to study changes in women's college enrollment. We estimate that enrollment of women at colleges under Title IX investigation declined by 16 to 22 percent. The declines are consistent with both declining matriculation and retention of female students.


The electric field is a parameter of special relevance in plasma physics. Its fluctuations are responsible for various macroscopic phenomena, such as anomalous transport in fusion plasmas or plasma-wall interactions, and its measure is therefore required. At present, most diagnostic tools perturb the field (like Langmuir probes) or require multiple simultaneous measures to achieve a good spatial resolution (like spectroscopy and tomography). The EFILE diagnostic (Electric Field Induced Lyman-α Emission) is currently under development at PIIM laboratory at Aix-Marseille Université (France) and aims to provide a non intrusive and precise measurement of the electric field in the plasma edge region, using a beam of hydrogen atoms prepared in the metastable 2s state. The metastable particles are obtained by means of a proton beam extracted from a hydrogen plasma source, and neutralised by interaction with vaporised caesium. When a 2s atom enters a region where an electric field is present, it undergoes a transition to the 2p state (Stark mixing). It then quickly decays to the ground level, emitting Lyman-α radiation, which is collected by a photomultiplier. The 2s → 2p transition rate is proportional to the square of the magnitude of the electric field, and depends on the field oscillation frequency (with peaks around 1 GHz). By measuring the intensity of the Lyman-α radiation emitted by the beam it is possible to determine the magnitude of the field in a defined region. In this work, an analysis of the behaviour of the diagnostic under static or radiofrequency electric field is presented. Electric field simulations obtained with a finite element solver of Maxwell equations, combined with theoretical calculations of the Stark mixing transition rate, are used to develop a model for the interpretation of photomultiplier data. This method shows good agreement with experimental results for the static field case, and allows to measure the field magnitude for the oscillating case. Issues linked to the experimental set-up and limits of the diagnostic itself are shown and possible design implementations are given.


Summary form only given. There are a number of issues need to be studied regarding the wind farm integration. The comparatively long distance transmission of wind power must to be considered because the regions with abundant wind resources and other proper conditions suitable for large wind farms construction are in the periphery of the grid, far from the load center. In general the regional network integrated with wind farms are not very strong, some problems such as voltage, power system stabilities and power quality arise when large wind farms integrated into the grid. Therefore it is necessary to do thorough studies on wind power integration. This paper carries out a regional wind power integration study of an actual power system in Jilin province of north China, presents the mutual interaction between the power system and wind farms by simulation. It includes the contents below: the impact on local grid voltage level both with the different power output of the wind farms and during the cut-in and cut-out process; transient stability changes of the grid integrated with large wind power and impact on the neighboring grid; the wind farms operational performance during the contingency of power system. Finally, it describes the mechanism of the results and discusses some issues related to wind power integration


Debugging OWL ontologies can be aided with automated reasoners that generate entailments, including undesirable ones. This information is, however, only useful if developers understand why the entailments hold. To support domain experts (with limited knowledge of OWL), we are developing a system that explains, in English, why an entailment follows from an ontology. In planning such explanations, our system
starts from a justification of the entailment and constructs a proof tree including intermediate statements that link the justification to the entailment. Proof trees are constructed from a set of intuitively plausible deduction rules. We here report on a study in which we collected empirical frequency data on the understandability of the deduction rules, resulting in a facility index for each rule. This measure forms the basis for making a principled choice among alternative explanations, and identifying steps in the explanation that are likely to require extra elucidation.


Early illustrations of juvenile wood in hard pines have depicted a central core of wood, varying little by diameter or cambial age, to be nested within mature wood tapering to the upper portion of the stem; other depictions show greater complexity in attributing the variability of this central core of wood with its proximity to the crown and/or actual maturity of the tree when the wood was formed. The present discussion addresses the degree to which different representations of juvenile wood (corewood) are applicable to mature longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) trees. Wood property maps were derived from X-ray densitometry data gathered from different tree heights. Results suggest that the more complex illustrations of juvenile wood appear to align with the study trees, attributable in part to their maturity, and near maximum attainable height.


Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is an ideal insulating substrate and template for other two-dimensional (2D) materials. The combination of hBN and 2D materials of group IV atoms, such as graphene, is interesting, because it can offer attractive physical properties and promising applications. Here, we demonstrate the unique behavior of tin (Sn), one of the group IV elements, on multilayer hBN which was grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). At high temperatures, triangular nanoplates formed after thermal deposition of Sn on the hBN surface, with their orientations determined by the hBN lattice. The triangular Sn nanoplates moved on the hBN surface, leaving monolayer-deep nanotrenches. Low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) revealed that the nanotrenches are aligned in the armchair directions of the hBN. Furthermore, an additional Ar annealing without supplying Sn vapor induced the structural change of the linear trenches to triangular pits, indicating the preferential formation of zigzag edges in the absence of Sn. Our work highlights the unique behavior of Sn on hBN and offers a novel route to engineer the hBN surface.


Objectives This study aims to compare the effects of ultrasound (US)-guided and blind subacromial corticosteroid and local anesthetic (LA) injection in the treatment of subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) on shoulder pain, range of motion (ROM), and functionality. Patients and methods The prospective study was conducted between 01 February 2017 and 31 May 2017. A total of 29 patients with clinical findings and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) consistent with SIS were randomized into two groups: 14 patients received US-guided subacromial corticosteroid and LA injection and 15 patients received a blind subacromial corticosteroid and LA injection. Patients were evaluated before and one month after treatment. One patient was lost to follow up. The primary outcome measure was a visual analog scale (VAS) for shoulder pain. Secondary outcomes were active shoulder ROM in flexion and abduction, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire and the modified Constant-Murley Score (CMS). Results Twenty eight patients (11 males, 17 females; mean age 39.5 in the US guided group and 42.5 in the blind group; range 20 to 64 years in both groups) completed the study. There was a significant improvement in VAS for shoulder pain, active ROM, DASH questionnaire score and modified CMS in both groups four weeks after treatment (p<0.05). There was no between-group difference in VAS, ROM or DASH questionnaire scores. Following treatment, the modified CMS in the US-guided injection group was higher than in the blind injection group (p=0.02). However, when the mean change in modified CMS in the US-guided injection group was compared to that of the blind injection group, the difference was insignificant (p=0.23). Conclusion Both US-guided and blind subacromial steroid injection improve shoulder pain, ROM, and functionality in SIS; one treatment option was not found to be superior to the other. Therefore, blind injection can be performed in clinical settings where US is not available. Equally, blind injection can also be performed in patients who have a definite diagnosis of SIS based on clinical and MRI findings.


Title of Document: WHAT DOES THIS QUESTION MEAN TO YOU? COGNITIVE INTERVIEWING TO PRETEST A QUESTIONNAIRE FOR OLDER ADULTS Elisabeth M. Enagonio, M.S., 2006 Directed By: Dr. Nadine Sahyoun, Ph.D., R.D., Department of Nutrition and Food Science Seven cognitive interviews were conducted in adults aged 80 and older to pretest a questionnaire for the Community Connections – Moving Seniors Toward Wellness research project. Respondents participated in intensive one-on-one interviews. The questionnaire was administered, and respondents were probed for comprehension of question content. Older adults with physical limitations answered questions about depression based on physical rather than emotional status, made distinctions between capacity and performance regarding physical function, and failed to understand key medical terms. Wording of questions about personal hardiness was confusing to older adults. The findings were used to simplify wording throughout the questionnaire. Survey designers should be aware that questions about depression may be testing physical rather than emotional status. Questions about physical function should make a distinction between capacity and performance. Common language rather than medical terminology should be used when surveying older adults. Rewritten hardiness questions may be useful in assessing older adults.


The rational design and engineering of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with a hollow structure and complex compositions has attracted increasing research interest due to their importance in various applications. Herein, we develop a facile way for in situ transformation of cobalt-based homobimetallic zeolitic imidazolate framework polyhedra (NiCo-ZIF PHs) into nickel–cobalt phosphide/nitrogen-doped carbon polyhedral nanocages (NiCoP/NC PHCs) via tannic acid etching as well as calcination and phosphidation processes. Impressively, the hollow structure of polyhedral nanocages formed after the etching process is robust enough to endure the subsequent thermal treatment. The as-obtained NiCoP/NC PHCs are endowed with a large surface area and abundant pore volume, leading to the exposure of more active sites and rapid mass transfer. Besides, the guest metal Ni is homogeneously incorporated into the host CoP crystal lattice without phase segregation, which effectively modulates the electronic structures. Benefiting from the above advantages, the NiCoP/NC PHCs exhibit obviously improved electrocatalytic activity towards the OER, with a low overpotential of 297 mV to afford a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and excellent long-term stability. Moreover, the present synthetic route is easy to scale up, which is especially appealing for practical application.


Eleven case of disseminated herpes zoster (DHZ) who were hospitalised in the Dermatovenereology ward from January 1992 to April 1995 were selected for this study. All had classical herpes zoster (HZ) but within another 2 to 15 days had developed aberrant vesicles on the trunk, limbs and face. None of them had serious associated immunosuppressive disorder or malignancy. However, 3 cases had diabetes mellitus, 2 were receiving prednisolone 15 mg daily for the last few days, 2 had anaemia and deficiencies and 1 had a urinary tract infection. Only one patient needed oral acyclovir therapy. All were cured without any sequelae.


This paper summarises earlier published data on acupuncture and electroacupuncture in stroke patients and discusses possible mechanisms behind the enhanced recovery obtained. Severely hemiparetic patients were entered into a randomised trial within 10 days of their stroke. Acupuncture, including electroacupuncture, was given twice a week for ten weeks to half of the patients, in addition to the daily physiotherapy and occupational therapy given to all. Patients given acupuncture recovered faster and more fully than the control stroke patients, with a significant difference in balance, mobility, activity of daily living and quality of life, an effect that persisted one year after stoke onset. In a follow-up 2 to 3.8 years after the stroke, the postural control of stroke survivors was compared with that of 23, age-matched, healthy subjects. Only half of the control stroke patients could perform the test, and the postural control pattern in those who could take part was significantly different from the healthy controls and acupuncture treated stroke patients, whereas there was no significant difference between acupuncture treated patients and healthy controls. The possible psychological effects of a greater expectation in patients given acupuncture has to be considered. Other studies have shown that special attention given to stroke patients in the early rehabilitation period can accelerate their recovery, but that the difference is usually lost at follow-up. Our results need confirmation, but we have hypothesised that sensory stimulation in the form of acupuncture may release substances that enhance brain plasticity after stroke, an hypothesis than can be tested in experimental studies. Whether or not the effects are specific for acupuncture, or can be obtained also by other kinds of sensory stimuli such as transcutaneous nerve stimulation is currently being investigated.


Healthy attachment provides young children with an experience of the world that helps them develop trust, self-control and problem-solving skills. This publication suggests strategies that parents and caregivers can use to work toward the formation of strong, secure attachments with young children. Each child has needs, and they constantly provide clues (crying, etc.) that they need attention. Attachment theory essentially explains how infants use adults to teach them how to survive and supplement their functioning until they can do it for themselves. Children need sustenance, protection and regulation to feel safe and able to grow and take care of themselves. Part of what a child's attachment to others provides is a set of expectations from relationship partners. How does the child expect to be treated by others? When an infant's needs are met in a consistent manner, he or she will develop trust in others. That trust ultimately results in the child's attachment to the caring adult. For a young child to succeed in life, becoming securely attached to a caring adult is of overriding importance. The attention to needs and attachment produce the roots of trust. Without attention and secure attachment in the early months and years of life, the child will have difficulty developing trust. In the long term, a lack of attention will handicap individuals by interfering with their trust of people, institutions, agencies, churches, schools and government. The vast majority of children form an attachment to others, but the quality of the attachment is critical. Secure attachment helps children see others are trustworthy, while insecure attachment tends to lead children toward seeing others as not trustworthy. According to researchers, an insecure attachment during the first year of life often is a significant predictor of later difficulties in school, work, marriage and social behavior related to crime or other behavior problems. So, what can parents and other caregivers do to foster healthy attachment relationships with young children?


Reducing the number of tag collisions is one of the most important issues in RFID systems, as collisions induce inefficiency. This paper presents a mechanism of grouping of tags via a bit mask, quick tag estimation by a pilot frame and near optimal binary tree-based collision resolution with a frame. Performance analysis and simulation results show that the proposed anti-collision algorithm consumes fewer time slots as compared to previous work, and approaches to the case with the optimal frame size using binary tree collision resolution.


This article try to analyze why, although personalistic bioethics is expanding, there are so few theoretical studies on its characteristics and identity, and concludes it is due to a problem of lack of specificity. Personalistic bioethicists rely either on movements or institutions that have a weak theoretical foundation or in the realist philosophy taken in a very broad sense, which generates a problem of internal inconsistency due to its great diversity. To solve this problem the author proposes: 1) be aware of the existence of this theoretical problem; 2) solve it through the use of personalistic philosophy understood as a particular philosophical school of the XX century. In this sense, the author proposes: 1) a detailed description of personalistic philosophy; 2) states that a particular version, the modern ontological personalism, developed from an anthropological point of view by Wojtyla, from a bioethical point of view by Sgreccia and from the theory of personalism by Burgos is the best choice to put the foundations of personalistic bioethics. The author concludes exposing the contributions and limits of this theory for personalistic bioethics, and the steps that should be followed to promote it and develop it. Palabras clave: Bioetica personalista, personalismo, personalismo ontologico moderno,


In this paper, we deal with the deadlock prevention problem in a new class of nets, ES/sup 3/PR, where deadlocks are related to unmarked siphons. The major disadvantage of the existing approaches is that too many monitors and arcs have to be added. In our deadlock prevention approach, strict minimal siphons are divided into elementary and dependent ones. For each elementary siphon, a monitor is added to prevent it from being emptied without generating emptiable control-induced siphons. The controllability of the dependent siphons is ensured by changing the control depth variables of related elementary siphons, which leads to the liveness of the supervisor for the plant model. Finally, the application of the approach is illustrated with an FMS example.


BACKGROUND
Antenatal care (ANC) is an entry point for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT), particularly when a man accompanies his spouse for voluntary counselling and testing (VCT), even though this seldom happens in Ethiopia.

OBJECTIVE
To study the role of male partners in improving PMTCT/ANC, which is essential to prevent HIV/AIDS transmission in this country. Our study focused on identifying barriers for the low involvement in PMTCT/ANC among male partners whose spouses received ANC.

METHODS
A total of 422 male partners in Goba town, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia, were recruited in September - October 2014 and enrolled by a systematic sampling method. A facility-based cross-sectional study and two focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted. Binary logistic regression and odds ratios were calculated to ascertain sociodemographic and other important information compared with the outcome variable and PMTCT/ANC, while the findings of the FGDs were grouped according to the emerging themes and analysed manually by means of a thematic approach.

RESULTS
The percentage of male partners (22.7%) accompanying their spouses for HIV testing and counselling at antenatal clinics improved three-fold when an invitation letter was introduced as a new initiative to increase male participation. Individuals in the age group 15 - 29 years (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 5.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.66 - 17.85), and whose duration of marriage was ˂5 years (AOR 5.6, 95% CI 1.83 - 17.30), were more likely to be tested than their referent groups. Men without a higher education (AOR 0.1, 95% CI 0.02 - 0.50), who disagreed with legal enforcement (AOR 0.1, 95% CI 0.07 - 0.32), were less likely to be tested, while those who did not notify their partners (AOR 8.4, 95% CI 1.92 - 37.12) were more likely to use the service. Being busy, proxy testing, fears of testing HIV-positive, neglecting the importance of VCT, and inadequate knowledge about the PMTCT/ANC programme were other barriers that came to the fore in the FGDs.

CONCLUSION
Identified barriers have to be addressed, and helpful practices, such as using invitation letters to increase the uptake of the service by male partners, have to be instituted.


It is mostly assumed that both partners in couples own their homes jointly. We challenge this assumption and examine the individual ownership configurations within couples in Britain. We argue that the individual legal status as an owner will determine to what degree individuals can benefit from homeownership. Two research questions are addressed: (1) How frequent is homeownership by only one partner, i.e. sole homeownership, in British couples?
(2) Which factors are associated with the entry into sole homeownership? Using longitudinal data from the British Household Panel Survey (1992-2008) and the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2010-2011), we apply (multinomial) logistic regression and discrete- time event history analyses. We find that in 13% of unions in owner-occupancy one partner solely owns the home. Many individuals enter sole homeownership through residential stability at union formation by remaining an owner of a pre-union home. A substantial share of partnered individuals enters sole homeownership at later times during their unions. Overall, entries into sole homeownership are more likely with more economic resources, with step children living in the home and for cohabitants. Within unions, the chances to enter into sole homeownership are reduced with longer union durations. Sole homeownership is partly an outcome of demographic processes such as increased union instability and more frequent cohabitation. In turn, sole homeownership may also impinge on these processes. For instance, sole homeownership may increase the risk of union dissolution compared to joint homeownership. This is one avenue for future research.


tant than a short admission for acute coronary syndrome with rapid return to previous function. The answers to the other two questions are also negative. Hospital admissions occurred far more frequently than the two more important events (table). Biological rationale fails to support a presumption that the invasive strategy will have similar effects on all three end points. Indeed, the investigators explicitly state that they expect an increase in short term deaths with surgery, while achieving benefits in terms of decreased angina and associated hospital admissions. The trend toward increased deaths, with a large reduction in admissions, with the invasive strategy provides support for this hypothesis. The composite end point thus fails all three criteria and provides little useful information for clinical decision making.


Supersonic liquid jet discharged from a nozzle has been investigated by using a ballistic range which is composed of high-pressure tube, pump tube, launch tube and liquid storage nozzle. High-speed Schlieren optical method was used to visualize the supersonic liquid jet flow field containing shock wave system, and spray droplet diameter was measured by the laser diffraction method. Experimcnt was performed with various types of nozzle to investigate the major characteristics of the supersonic liquid jet operating at the range of total pressure of 0.8 from 2.14 ㎬. The results obtained shows that shock wave considerably affects the detailed atomization process of the liquid jet and as the nozzle diameter decreases, the shock wave angle and the averaged SMD of spray droplet tends to decrease.


We describe an improved method for continuous collection of bile from unrestrained rats. Use of an externally accessible, continuous-loop cannula when cannulating the common bile duct allows for full recovery from anesthetic effects and maintenance of a normal bile salt pool until the cannula loop is cut. Bile resulting from the cut cannula is diverted into a surgically implanted glass collection vessel and removed periodically via an externalized sampling port. Bile flow over a 24-hour collection period averaged 0.98 +/- 0.04 ml/hr (Mean +/- SEM, n = 9) with no gross pathological changes noted upon necropsy. This technique offers the capability of reestablishing conditions as close to physiologic as possible postsurgery to minimize potential artifacts during bile collection.


The aim of this introduction is to provide the reader with the keys to understanding the context of the research papers published in this special issue on emotions and decision-making in sports. Recent work on emotions and decision-making in psychology is first contrasted with historical views on the topic, and the claim is made that the sports domain is an ideal environment for the development of the field. After introducing the articles, we outline a comprehensive approach for future research that would take advantage of theoretical and methodological developments. Specifically, at the theoretical level we show how sports could benefit from integrating theories from mainstream psychology, and at the methodological level we detail the possibilities offered by cognitive neuroscience to increase what is known about the processes at the core of the emotion and decision-making relationship.


Stability of a power system is vital for its reliable operation and maintaining system stability has been a big challenge for engineers over the years. One way of improving system stability is the use of power system stabiliser (PSS). Its main function is to add damping to the generator rotor oscillation by modulating the generator excitation so as to develop a component of electrical torque in phase with the rotor speed deviation. In Ghana, two power stations have their generators equipped with PSS but none of the PSS are activated. The main objective of this study is to assess how the stability of the power system of Ghana can be improved by activating the power system stabilizers (PSS) on the excitation system of some of the generating units. To effectively perform the study the following questions had to be answered.  To what extent will the activation of the PSS on some generating units affect the overall system dynamic performance?  Where in the power system should the PSS be activated?  To what extend can the PSS reduces system oscillation?  What improvement can be made to the power system to optimise the performance of the PSS? Data of Ghana and the interconnected systems were first collected, reviewed and all the systems were modelled using PSSE program. Steady state stability studies were then performed to identify the inadequacy in the system during steady state operations. Five base cases including peak and average load condition with and without contingency were used for this study. Dynamic stability studies were also carried out by selecting appropriate dynamic models for generators, exciters and governors that best fit the dynamic behaviour of the generating units in the PSSE program. Appropriate PSS models were selected for units equipped with PSS based on manufacturers' recommendation. Series of dynamic simulations were carried out to identify the best location and parameter settings for the PSS. Small signal stability studies were also carried out to complement the results obtained from the transient studies using NEVA. There was however a defect in the NEVA program and full results could not be obtained. In conclusion, Ghana's system is likely to experience voltage collapse during a transmission outage on some critical lines at peak period unless some loads are shed. This risk can be reduced by improving the power factor to 0.95 using more reactive power compensating devices (capacitor bank) at the local substation. Transient stability results also show that the best location for the PSS to effectively damped oscillation is Akosombo GS. Inter-area oscillations of 0.5Hz between Ghana and Ivory Coast systems, local-area oscillation of 0.8Hz between the Akosombo units and Aboadze units in Ghana, were effectively damped within 7sec with PSS at Akosombo GS. It is highly recommended that PSS at Akosombo generation station be activated since their application has a positive impact on the dynamic performance of Ghana's system. Steady state stability be improved by correcting the power factor at the local stations and line relay settings reviewed to accommodate the present operating condition. It is also recommended that the PSS be coordinated effectively with the protection and control devices for optimal performanc


Ad hoc networks are composed of a collection of self-configuring mobile routers that do not rely on any pre-existing network infrastructure. Nodes within an ad hoc network are expected to be able to route data-packets for other nodes in the network in a peer-level multi-hopping networks, constructing a interconnecting structure for the mobile nodes. Routing schemes that are adaptations of static network routing protocols do not perform well for the dynamic, infrastructure-less and self-operated environment of ad hoc networks. Therefore, ad hoc networks require a novel routing scheme that provides efficient and high throughput communication among mobile nodes. The ideal ad hoc network routing scheme must be scalable and able to cope with constantly changing topology that results from node mobility, conserve precious transmission power by reducing transmission overhead and avoid packet collisions. Routing protocols for ad hoc networks developed in existing researches are either tabledriven (proactive) and demand-driven (reactive). We look into improving the performances of reactive protocols through caching and link survivability predictive strategies. Based on the On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP), we enhanced the protocol to include route selection metrics that utilise delay time and hop count and implement and evaluate our modified protocol by comparing simulation results, using GloMoSim, with performance of the basic ODMRP (without enhancement). We proved that the modified protocol performs significantly better in Multicast traffic for most simulated scenarios and the performance is more consistent across the varied scenarios than the basic protocol. The modified protocol performs significantly better in Multicast traffic for most node speeds and Multicast group sizes. However, for Unicast traffic, the performance difference between the modified ODMRP and the basic ODMRP is insignificant for most node speeds.


Recrystallised alumina is used as a high performance crucible material. Its thermal shock resistance is known to be affected by component shape, and also by processing variables, since the defects and internal stress at both the microscale (i.e. between grains due to anisotropic crystal properties) and macroscale (i.e. due to differential shrinkage during sintering) influence the fracture strength. The aim of this thesis is to study the nucleation and growth of defects in pure alumina and Cr-doped alumina, and to investigate how their behavior is affected by residual stresses, such those introduce by thermal expansion of the crystal grains.In this thesis, digital image correlation is applied to polycrystalline aluminas (i.e. Cr-doped alumina and pure alumina with average grain 3.6 �m and 1.5 �m respectively) that are stressed in an optical microscope. The defect size and the surface crack opening displacement were measured using digital image correlation. The distribution and population of crack nucleating defects were obtained by in-situ observation of the stressed surface and by analysis with digital image correlation. These data are then compared with independent measurements of the defect population using Hertzian indentation, from which defect populations are derived for the pure and Cr-doped alumina samples.Grain boundary plane and grain orientations in the vicinity of crack nuclei were characterised by electron microscopy. Crack nuclei were shown to develop at boundaries predicted to have high tensile thermal strains, caused by the orientation of the grain boundary plane relative to the adjacent grains, such as basal plane grain facets. The techniques of focused ion beam (FIB) milling and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) characterization of the crystallographic orientations and structure of cracked grain boundaries were used to provide data for a model to explain the cracking of these boundaries as a result of the thermal strains and the anisotropic thermal expansion behaviour of alumina.


This dissertation considers several coding techniques based on Reed-Solomon (RS) and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. These two prominent families of errorcorrecting codes have attracted a great amount of interest from both theorists and practitioners and have been applied in many communication scenarios. In particular, data storage systems have greatly benefited from these codes in improving the reliability of the storage media.
The first part of this dissertation presents a unified framework based on rate-distortion (RD) theory to analyze and optimize multiple decoding trials of RS codes. Finding the best set of candidate decoding patterns is shown to be equivalent to a covering problem which can be solved asymptotically by RD theory. The proposed approach helps understand the asymptotic performance-versus-complexity trade-off of these multiple-attempt decoding algorithms and can be applied to a wide range of decoders and error models.
In the second part, we consider spatially-coupled (SC) codes, or terminated LDPC convolutional codes, over intersymbol-interference (ISI) channels under joint iterative decoding. We empirically observe the phenomenon of threshold saturation whereby the belief-propagation (BP) threshold of the SC ensemble is improved to the maximum a posteriori (MAP) threshold of the underlying ensemble. More specifically, we derive a generalized extrinsic information transfer (GEXIT) curve for the joint decoder that naturally obeys the area theorem and estimate the MAP and BP thresholds. We also conjecture that SC codes due to threshold saturation can universally approach the symmetric information rate of ISI channels.
In the third part, a similar analysis is used to analyze the MAP thresholds of LDPC codes for several multiuser systems, namely a noisy Slepian-Wolf problem and a multiple access channel with erasures. We provide rigorous analysis and derive upper bounds on the MAP thresholds which are shown to be tight in some cases. This analysis is a first step towards proving threshold saturation for these systems which would imply SC codes with joint BP decoding can universally approach the entire capacity region of the corresponding systems.


Background Overweight is the common issue existed among breast cancer patients, leading to poor cancer prognosis and survival. However, previous studies have focused merely on single nutrient or food groups. This study aimed to determine whether diet quality was associated with overweight and laboratory parameters among breast cancer patients undergoing treatment. Methods A cross sectional study comprises of 163 patients was conducted from January to May 2017. Diet quality and level of physical activity of patients were ascertained using Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-short form, respectively. Data were available on body mass index and biochemical data, including of serum albumin, serum hemoglobin and neutrophils count. Logistic regression was performed to identify the association between diet quality and overweight, serum albumin, serum hemoglobin and neutrophils count. Results The mean total HEI score (standard deviation) of the breast cancer patients was 63.86 (8.75). More than 80% of the subjects did not adhere to the dietary guidelines for whole grains, dairy, refined grains, and ratio of poly- and mono-unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids components. In the multivariate model, those who perceived higher score of total HEI-2015 were less likely to experience overweight (Q4 vs Q1: OR=0.36; 95% CI=0.13, 0.99) while reported higher concentration of serum hemoglobin (Q4 vs Q1: OR=0.36; 95% CI=0.13, 0.98; Q3 vs Q1: OR=0.35; 95% CI=0.13, 0.92). Non-significant associations of diet quality were shown for serum albumin and neutrophils count. Conclusions A majority of breast cancer patients require dietary modification, especially for fatty acids, grains and dairy products. Diet quality may associate with overweight. A balanced diet that address the problem of overweight may help to maintain a good nutritional status and to improve cancer care in breast cancer patients during treatment. Future prospective studies are required to confirm this association.


Background— The objective of this study was to collect integrated data from nationwide hospitals using a web-based national database system to build up our own risk model for the outcome from thoracic aortic surgery. Methods and Results— The Japan Adult Cardiovascular Surgery Database was used; this involved approximately 180 hospitals throughout Japan through a web-based data entry system. Variables and definitions are almost identical to the STS National Database. After data cleanup, 4707 records were analyzed from 97 hospitals (between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2005). Mean age was 66.5 years. Preoperatively, the incidence of chronic lung disease was 11%, renal failure was 9%, and rupture or malperfusion was 10%. The incidence of the location along the aorta requiring replacement surgery (including overlapping areas) was: aortic root, 10%; ascending aorta, 47%; aortic arch, 44%; distal arch, 21%; descending aorta, 27%; and thoracoabdominal aorta, 8%. Raw 30-day and 30-day operative mortality rates were 6.7% and 8.6%, respectively. Postoperative incidence of permanent stroke was 6.1%, and renal failure requiring dialysis was 6.7%. OR for 30-day operative mortality was as follows: emergency or salvage, 3.7; creatinine >3.0 mg/dL, 3.0; and unexpected coronary artery bypass graft, 2.6. As a performance metric of the risk model, C-index of 30-day and 30-day operative mortality was 0.79 and 0.78, respectively. Conclusion— This is the first report of risk stratification on thoracic aortic surgery using a nationwide surgical database. Although condition of these patients undergoing thoracic aortic surgery was much more serious than other procedures, the result of this series was excellent.


Copper mineralization of several different types formed in the Stuart shelf-Adelaide geosyncline region from the middle Proterozoic to the early Paleozoic. Hydrothermal, unconformity-related, and bedded deposits have been distinguished and these are discussed in the light of the geologic evolution of the province.The basement rocks beneath the Stuart shelf were metamorphosed and deformed during the Kimban orogeny, commencing about 1.82 b.y. ago. Between approximately 1.63 and 1.51 b.y. ago there was major bimodal alkali-rich igneous activity, accumulation of volcano-sedimentary graben sequences, and hydrothermal activity. During this period the largest copper (gold, uranium) deposit in the region, Olympic Dam, formed from hydrothermal fluids in a graben sequence and other important middle Proterozoic hydrothermal copper (gold) mineralization formed in fracture zones in feldspar porphyry and schists at Moonta and Wallaroo. In the late Proterozoic (Adelaidean), the Stuart shelf was a stable platform on which only a few hundred meters of sedimentary cover accumulated. Copper (lead, zinc) mineralization formed in permeable zones and is associated with the unconformity at the base of the late Proterozoic sequence at Mount Gunson and elsewhere, where metalliferous fluids from middle Proterozoic red beds and igneous rocks encountered biogenic H 2 S and pyrite.To the east, late Proterozoic sequences locally more than 10 km thick accumulated on crystalline basement in the Adelaide geosyncline, which was a rift in the early stages of its evolution. Low-temperature, bedded and disseminated mineralization formed in these strata where cupriferous fluids reacted with biogenic sulfide, but such copper mineralization is not of economic importance. The main copper deposits in the Adelaide geosyncline sequence were at Kanmantoo and Burra, both of which are considered to have formed from hydrothermal fluids during the early Paleozoic. Uranium (copper) mineralization in breccias in the Mount Painter inlier also appears to have formed primarily as a result of hydrothermal activity during or after the early Paleozoic Delamerian orogeny.The largest of the copper deposits in this region, regardless of type or age, fall on two alignments subparallel to the major fault zone separating the Stuart shelf from the variably metamorphosed and deformed sequence of the Adelaide geosyncline. This implies a general regional tectonic control on ore formation.