Colletotrichum spp. cause anthracnose in various fruits post-harvest and are a particularly important problem in tropical and subtropical fruits. The disease in fruits of avocado, guava, papaya, mango and passion fruit has been reported to be caused by C. gloeosporioides, and in banana by C. musae. In subtropical and temperate crops such apple, grape, peach and kiwi, the disease is caused by C. acutatum. The variation in pathogenic, morphological, cultural and molecular characteristics of Brazilian isolates of Colletotrichum acutatum Simmonds and isolates from post-harvest decays of avocado, banana, guava, papaya, mango and passion fruit was evaluated. The fruits were inoculated with mycelium of C. acutatum, Colletotrichum spp. and C. musae on a disc of potato dextrose agar. The morphological, cultural and molecular characteristics studied were conidia morphology, colony growth at different temperatures, colony coloration and PCR with primers CaInt2 and ITS4 for C. acutatum and CgInt and ITS4 for C. gloeosporioides. C. acutatum was pathogenic to avocado, guava, papaya, mango and passion fruit, but it was not pathogenic to banana. The morphological, cultural and molecular studies indicated that the avocado, papaya, mango and passion fruit isolates were C. gloeosporioides. The natural guava isolate was identified as C. acutatum, which had not been found previously to produce anthracnose symptoms on guava in Brazil.


Risk perception is often measured by a direct method, e.g., a questionnaire. This mainly reveals the deliberate evaluation of a risk (a so‐called secondary evaluative process), whereas risk perception can also be based on a first, spontaneous reaction (a primary evaluative process). An indirect test such as the Extrinsic Affective Simon Task (EAST, De Houwer, 2003) may be needed to reveal this first, spontaneous reaction. In this study, a questionnaire and an EAST measured the effects of varying risk communications (high risk, low risk or control article), about high‐voltage power lines. The results of the EAST showed that the respondents associated power lines stronger with unhealthy than with healthy. However, the questionnaire results did not seem to indicate that the respondents considered power lines as risky. The EAST did not reveal an effect of article variation on the associations of power lines with (un)healthy. Conversely, the questionnaire results showed that article variation influenced the secondary evaluative process. Further, our findings demonstrated that the direct and indirect measures were unrelated. An indirect test may complement a direct test to get an overall picture of how people evaluate risks.


Abstract : The concept design phase of any type of ship determines the hull form, baseline capabilities, and a large portion of the total program cost. The complexity of the ship design process leads to numerous assumptions and a great deal of uncertainty in the point designs during the concept exploration phase. While it is not feasible to eliminate this uncertainty, it is useful to explore how it affects the overall design. An analysis of the uncertainty associated with each point design provides the designer with additional information for comparing designs. It is important to consider all options and choose the baseline design that best meets the customer's requirements. Current trade-off studies tend to examine a few point designs that may or may not cover the entire design space. This approach relies heavily on designer experience, is inefficient, and may not lead to an optimum baseline design. Response Surface Methods (RSM) provide statistical tools for determining the relationships between factors (inputs) and responses (outputs). When combined with Design of Experiments (DOE), this approach allows the designer to thoroughly investigate the design space using relatively few point designs. The benefit of this analysis is the ability to efficiently examine the effects of changing factors on the overall design. Finally, the combination of RSM and an uncertainty analysis gives the designer a tremendous understanding of the design space. The thesis develops a method allowing the designer to make important decisions, such as hull form or basic mission capabilities of the ship, explicitly showing the uncertainty associated with key design parameters.


To date, far more research has been conducted on the effects of the built environment on transit demand along mainline corridors than in the catchment zones surrounding transit stops. Pushkarev and Zupan (1977), for example, correlated transit ridership for the line-haul segment of trips as a function of residential densities, distance to downtown, and size of downtown; however, they ignored how access trips to transit stops were influenced by such factors. Seminal work by Meyer, Kain, and Wohl (1965) studied factors influencing bus and rail transit demand for three segments of trips -- residential collection-distribution, line-haul, and downtown circulator -- however, their work did not examine the direct effects of land-use variables. For example, in the case of access trips from home to rail stations, or what they call the residential collection-distribution segment, the number of "trip origins per city block" was used as the predictor of access demand. Standard trip generation rates were used to directly estimate access demand.


At the present time, there is no question that cochlear implants (CIs) work and often work very well in quiet listening conditions for many profoundly deaf children and adults. The speech and language outcomes data published over the last two decades document quite extensively the clinically significant benefits of CIs. Although there now is a large body of evidence supporting the "efficacy" of CIs as a medical intervention for profound hearing loss in both children and adults, there still remain a number of challenging unresolved clinical and theoretical issues that deal with the "effectiveness" of CIs in individual patients that have not yet been successfully resolved. In this paper, we review recent findings on learning and memory, two central topics in the field of cognition that have been seriously neglected in research on CIs. Our research findings on sequence learning, memory and organization processes, and retrieval strategies used in verbal learning and memory of categorized word lists suggests that basic domain-general learning abilities may be the missing piece of the puzzle in terms of understanding the cognitive factors that underlie the enormous individual differences and variability routinely observed in speech and language outcomes following cochlear implantation.


Based on a clinico-cytological correlation of the findings, obtained kinetically in multiple examination of sputum and biochemical assays of blood, in 102 patients with lung cancer there were revealed some prognostic factors. So, the increased level of sialoacid and the presence of C-reactive protein in blood serum, macrophage reaction and the character of inflammatory changes in the lung as shown by sputum, which accompany and characterize the pathological process, may be used for prognostication only together with the clinical course indices.


Objective: Suicide among Indigenous Australians is a well-recognized public health issue. Due to scarcity of epidemiological investigations in this area the exact size of this problem and its main characteristics remain uncertain. In this paper we present trends and methods of Indigenous suicides based on the Queensland Suicide Register for the period 1994–2007. Methods: Trends of age-standardized suicide rates were calculated for Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations. Suicide methods were compared between the two groups, with particular focus on hanging. Discriminant analysis was used to ascertain the size of under-estimation of suicide rates due to a considerable number of cases with unknown ethnicity in the Queensland Suicide Register. Results: Between 1994 and 2007, Indigenous populations had suicide rates 2.2 times higher than non-Indigenous Australians. Age-specific suicide rates for Indigenous men were highest in the 25–34 age group, while in women they were highest among 15–24 year olds. In children younger than 15 years, Indigenous suicide rate was almost ten times higher than of non-Indigenous counterparts. More than 90% of Indigenous suicides occurred by hanging. It was estimated that lack of information about ethnicity for 7% of suicide cases might have caused an under-estimation of Indigenous suicide mortality for 15.4% in men and 9.1% in women in the period 1994–2007. Conclusions: Suicide mortality of Indigenous Australians has reached alarming levels, particularly among youths. The unique profile of Indigenous suicides indicates the need for specifically tailored preventative programmes.


Oriental Christianity is not only a special part of global Christianity, but also its oldest one. The members of the ancient Christian community in the Hellenistic city of Antioch were the first to be called christianoi — Christians.2 But with the recent developments of the Syrian Crisis, the deep- rooted Christians of the region see themselves as a threatened minority. Since the Islamist rebel militia, the so called al-Dawlah al-lslamiyah ("The Islamic State") announced the establishment of a caliphate in parts of the region of northeastern Syria and northwestern Iraq, threats against local Christians have been occurring more frequently. Recently, Islamists have forced Christians to either convert to Islam, to flee, or in the case of refusal, they have even been killed (Gol 2014).


Abstract The criticality of rotor and stator contact in a large-size marine separator is studied by numerical modelling. Two plausible mechanisms leading to such contact, namely rolling of a ship in steady-state motion and a suddenly occurring unbalance in the rotor, are considered. It is found that contact due to sea motion may be tolerable, while sudden development of unbalance at operating speed can lead to unacceptably high contact forces. This agrees with experience of centrifugal separators operating on board of ships.


: The paper considers the problems of enhancing the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of Vater's papilla cancer complicated by jaundice, by maximally realizing the capacities of instrumental studies and by improving the procedures of combination treatment and radiotherapy for this disease. The achieved treatment results show it expedient to use combination treatment and, if radical surgery is contraindicated, radiotherapy for Vater's papilla cancer.


This article examines two apparent anomalies concerning the credit performance of conforming mortgage loans. First, the 2003–2004 loan vintage displayed high default rates, even though it suffered little home price depreciation. Second, the refinance loans from the 2006–2007 vintage displayed markedly higher default rates than contemporaneous purchase-money loans. Based on an analysis of credit bureau data, the authors conclude that subsequent debt fully explains the default performance of the 2003–2004 vintage but not of the 2006–2007 vintage. The authors suggest that appraisal bias may account for higher default rates on loans in the latter vintage. The article proposes the use of a vintage-based subsequent debt risk index to augment mortgage credit risk management for market participants as well as policymakers.


BACKGROUND
Procaine activates limbic structures in animals. In humans, acute intravenous administration of procaine yields emotional and psychosensory experiences and temporal lobe fast activity. We studied procaine's acute effects on cerebral blood flow (CBF) in relationship to clinical responses.

METHODS
Cerebral blood flow was assessed by positron emission tomography with oxygen-15-labeled water in 32 healthy volunteers. Data were analyzed with statistical parametric mapping and magnetic resonance imaging-directed regions of interest.

RESULTS
Procaine increased global CBF and, to a greater extent, anterior paralimbic CBF. Subjects with intense procaine-induced fear compared with those with euphoria had greater increases in left amygdalar CBF. Absolute and normalized left amygdalar CBF changes tended to correlate positively with fear and negatively with euphoria intensity. Procaine-induced visual hallucinations appeared associated with greater global and occipital CBF increases. Absolute occipital CBF increases appeared to correlate positively with visual hallucination intensity.

CONCLUSIONS
Procaine increased anterior paralimbic CBF, and different clinical responses appeared to be associated with different patterns of CBF changes.


According to the characteristics of ink feeding and printing quality control principles, a new test sheet was designed for qualifying press state and the test results were discussed in this paper. This test sheet was printed under the condition that printing ink volume for different ink zone is identical. Solid density, dot gain and print contrast of different printing ink volume were simulated on a single test sheet, and thus the optimal printing status can be determined quickly. Experiment results show that this method is accessible, economic, and rapid. The optimum solid density values can be got easily for all primary colors on a single test sheet. This method is suit for the adjustment of printing status.


Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) provide open educational resources to people around the world. The aim of this research is to identify the factors that influence learners' decisions to continue to use an Arabic MOOC named Rwaqplatform. This platform offers open and free courses completely in the Arabic language. Based on a literature review, the present research extends the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in a new context. Exploratory research has been undertaken by conducting interviews with twenty-two experts in the Rwaq platform. The main objective of the interviews isto explore participants' perspectives on a set of factors that affect the continuance intention towards using Arabic MOOCs. This includes perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, Arabic language support, free courses' advantages, perceived reputation, intrinsic motivations and willingness to earn acertificate. Thematic analysis was utilized using NVivo11.0. Analysis of interviews data shows that approximately all the participants agreed on the proposed factors that affect the continuance intention to use Arabic MOOCs. Furthermore, additional influential factorswere suggested by the interviewees. On the basis of the findings from interviews and previous studies, new research instrument has been designed. Future research will be conducted to verify the proposed model and research hypotheses. Index Terms Continuance intention, Post-adoption/post-acceptance, Motivational factors, Technology acceptance model, Arabic MOOCs.


The purpose of this case study is to investigate parental involvement in the schooling process of their children through the six typologies of Parental involvement within the two selected primary schools in Katsina state of Nigeria. The study used qualitative case study method, students, parents, and teachers, of the two selected primary schools in Katsina state were interviewed. In addition to the interviews, observations were conducted; school documents were used as instruments for data collection. The study shows that parent involved in the schooling process of their children through six typologies of parental involvement. The result also indicated that parents in SA use all thesix typologies to get involve while SB uses parenting & decision making more than the rest. The finding also indicated that there is a low level of meaningful contact between school, parents and community members within School B. Apathy exists on the side of parents, low expectations on the side of School teachers, and there is no organisational structure to facilitate parental involvement in the school. The students whose parents were involved in their schooling process achieved more academic success at school than students whose parents were less involved. The study contributed to the body of knowledge by adding insightful information to the knowledge base surrounding the Implementation of the Eptein's (1998) Typologies of parental involvement for facilitating academic success in Kasina State, Nigeria.


Sustainable and resourceful organic materials are of long-standing interest for lithium-ion batteries. However, the lack of structural stability and cyclic capability is still the bottleneck for their practical use. Here, two new chemically stable naphthalimide-based crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs) were first synthesized through a simple solvothermal route. Excellent electrochemical performances were achieved as cathode materials for Li-ion batteries, mainly due to their open ordered nanoporous framework and robust structure. Moreover, their electrochemical performance can be improved by simply altering the linker of COFs at the molecular level. This work provides a possible approach to obtain the desired performance by structural modulation of organic materials.


Due to the current horizontal business model that promotes increasing reliance on untrusted third-party Intellectual Properties (IPs), Computer-Aided-Design (CAD) tools, and design facilities, hidden malicious functionalities, also known as hardware Trojan attacks, have become a serious threat to the semiconductor industry. Development of effective countermeasures against hardware Trojan attacks require: (1) fast and reliable exploration of the viable Trojan attack space for a given design and (2) a suite of high-quality Trojan-inserted benchmarks that meet specific standards. The latter has become essential for the development and evaluation of design/verification solutions to achieve quantifiable assurance against Trojan attacks. While existing static benchmarks provide a baseline for comparing different countermeasures, they only enumerate a limited number of hand-crafted Trojans from the complete Trojan design space. To accomplish these dual objectives, in this paper, we present MIMIC, a novel machine learning guided framework for automatic Trojan insertion, which can create a large and targeted population of valid Trojans for a given design by mimicking the properties of a small set of known Trojans. While there exist tools to automatically insert Trojan instances using fixed Trojan templates, they cannot analyze known Trojan attacks for creating new instances that accurately capture the threat model. MIMIC works in two major steps: (1) it analyzes structural and functional features of existing Trojan populations in a multi-dimensional space to train machine learning models and generate a large number of "virtual Trojans" of the given design, (2) next, it binds them into the design by matching their functional/structural properties with suitable nets of the internal logic structure. We have developed a complete tool flow for MIMIC, evaluated the framework, and quantified its effectiveness to demonstrate highly promising results.


The development of electronic sensing devices for the visually impaired requires knowledge of the needs and abilities of this class of people. This paper presents a rough analysis that can be used to properly define the criteria to be adopted for the design of such devices. In particular, attention will be focused on clear-path indicators, highlighting their role in orientation and mobility tasks. A new device belonging to this class is presented. The detector is based on a multisensor strategy and adopts smart signal processing to provide the user with suitable information about the position of objects hindering his or her path. Experimental trials demonstrate the efficiency of the device developed.


Naturally occurring beneficials, such as the phytoseiid mite Amblyseius californicus McGregor and the insects Stethorus punctillum Weise, Conwentzia psociformis (Curtis) and others, controlled Tetranychus urticaeKoch in 11 strawberry plots near Valencia, Spain, during 1989-1992. The population levels of spider mites in 17 subplots under biological control were low or moderate, usually below 3000 mite days and similar to seven subplots with chemical control. In most of the crops A. californicus was the main predator, acting either alone or together with other beneficials. Predaceous insects colonized the crop when tetranychids reached medium to high levels. For levels above one spider mite per leaflet, a ratio of one A. californicus per five to ten T. urticae resulted in a decline of the prey population in the following sample (1-2 weeks later). These results suggest that naturally occurring predators are able to control spider mites and maintain them below damaging levels in strawberry crops from the Valencia area.


We study the trade-offs between prediction accuracy and storage redundancy of neural networks that are stored in noisy storage media. Parameters of a trained neural network are commonly stored as binary data and it is usually assumed that the data storage and retrieval are error-free. This assumption is based upon the common use of Error Correcting Codes (ECCs) that correct bit flips in storage media. However, ECCs incur capacity and power overhead (10% to 20%) and thus increase cost and reduce the effective bandwidth when retrieving trained parameters from storage during inference. We measured the robustness of several deep neural network architectures and datasets when bit flipping errors exist but ECCs are not used during inference. It is observed that more sophisticated architectures and datasets are generally more vulnerable to bit flipping errors. We propose a simple parameter error detection method, called weight nulling, that can universally improve the robustness from twice to several orders of magnitude depending on network architectures. 


Due to the lack of large-scale datasets, the prevailing approach in visual sentiment analysis is to leverage models trained for object classification in large datasets like ImageNet. However, objects are sentiment neutral which hinders the expected gain of transfer learning for such tasks. In this work, we propose to overcome this problem by learning a novel sentiment-aligned image embedding that is better suited for subsequent visual sentiment analysis. Our embedding leverages the intricate relation between emojis and images in large-scale and readily available data from social media. Emojis are language-agnostic, consistent, and carry a clear sentiment signal which make them an excellent proxy to learn a sentiment aligned embedding. Hence, we construct a novel dataset of 4 million images collected from Twitter with their associated emojis. We train a deep neural model for image embedding using emoji prediction task as a proxy. Our evaluation demonstrates that the proposed embedding outperforms the popular object-based counterpart consistently across several sentiment analysis benchmarks. Furthermore, without bell and whistles, our compact, effective and simple embedding outperforms the more elaborate and customized state-of-the-art deep models on these public benchmarks. Additionally, we introduce a novel emoji representation based on their visual emotional response which support a deeper understanding of the emoji modality and their usage on social media.


The Ascomycete fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is the causative agent of Rice Blast, and has become the predominant model organism for study of fungal phytopathogens and other appressorium-forming fungi. I identified and attempted to elucidate the function of the six aquaporin genes in the M. oryzae genome. These small membrane channels have been implicated in the transport of water, glycerol, and a variety of other small molecules. We speculated that these functions might be important in the formation of the appressorium – a specialised infection structure that relies on the generation of turgor. The role of these proteins in general fungal biology is poorly understood, and this project endeavoured to correct this gap. A phylogenetic analysis of aquaporins in extant fungi revealed the significant expansion of this gene family in Pezizomycete and Basidiomycete fungi, with up to 17 genes in some species. I characterised the expression pattern of the six identified aquaporins in the M. oryzae genome during pathogenic development and found there to be substantial up-regulation co-incident with appressorial turgor generation. Single knock-outs of each aquaporin gene were fully pathogenic, with normal infection-related development and axenic growth. I speculated that the absence of a strong phenotype may have been caused by functional redundancy, and used qRT-PCR investigate the incidence of transcriptional up-regulation of remaining family members in the knock-out backgrounds. This uncovered a putative reciprocal relationship between two genes MoAQP1 and MoAQP2 , suggesting that deletion of one results in up-regulation of the other. I subsequently tested the substrate permeability of this gene pair and found them to be permeable to hydrogen peroxide. However, deletion of one of these genes did not appear to affect the rate of flux of hydrogen peroxide across the plasma membrane. My attempt to characterise the cellular localisation of these proteins using GFP fusions was largely unsuccessful with the exception of a single gene, MoAGP2 , which appears to be located on the endoplasmic reticulum.


INTRODUCTION
The Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS) was developed to assess the emotional awareness construct, based on a cognitive-developmental perspective and influenced by the Piaget and Werner theories. It is composed of 20 emotion-evoking scenes and has been used in multiple researches related to emotion regulation, alexithymia and psychiatric disorders. It is a well-documented, valid and reliable measure. Due to the extent of LEAS, some investigators have been using one of the parallel forms (LEAS-A), which is a part of the complete version, nevertheless there is a gap of studies concerning LEAS-A psychometric qualities. In the absence of measures for assessing the organization of the emotional experience in Portuguese samples, we developed the Portuguese version of LEAS, characterizing reliability and validity indicators and the same for LEAS-A.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Three different studies were carried out with these versions, two with university students and another with a sample from the general population.

RESULTS
The Portuguese version showed high levels of reliability, superior to those found in other adaptation procedures. LEAS-A showed good reliability and indicators of discriminant and concurrent validities. The LEAS-A scores were independent from negative affect and related to the externally-oriented thinking involved in alexithymia.

CONCLUSIONS
The Portuguese LEAS and LEAS-A show very adequate qualities, which allow for their scientific use. Implications for clinical and research contexts are discussed.


Collagen has diverse applications in various industries and thus a various method of purifications has been developed over the years to produce high yield and high purity of collagen to fulfill collagen market demand. The objective of this qualitative systematic review is to summarize the current literature on the existing purification methods for collagen from different sources. Toward this end, three databases were searched and articles were screened for all original articles explaining the purification of collagen regardless of their main sources. After the comprehensive screening, out of 715 articles, 12 articles were chosen and were further reviewed. The analysis of the technical details, theory, advantages, and disadvantages of the techniques used are reported in this study. We found four types of purification methods that commonly used to purify various types of collagen from mammals, marine, bacteria, and recombinant collagen. The correlations between the prevalence of the method and the efficiency of collagen purification were also identified. It highlighted that many factors should be considered before choosing any method of purification such as types, sources and structure of the collagen itself. Affinity chromatography commonly used for purification of recombinant collagen as they have been genetically modified and appended by affinity tags whereas conventional purification method is preferable for non-recombinant collagen from mammalian and marine sources.


Wireless communication technologies can bring great benefits to industrial automation systems. But because of the high data losses and transmission errors caused by channel fading and interferences, the hard real-time and reliability requirements of industrial automatic control are difficult to be guaranteed. An industrial wireless control communication network and protocol is put forward. The functions of each protocol layer are introduced. Service differentiating, resource reserving and cross-layer and cross-network schedule mapping mechanisms are used to provide the real-time and reliable communications. The performance analysis shows it can satisfy the requirements of industrial field monitoring and control.


To discover the water structure in glass, two silicate glasses were synthesized under different melting atmospheric conditions. Fourier transform infrared spectrometric analyzer was used to study the OH contents and the infrared spectra bands in 1300-4000cm-1 of the glasses. The research shows that water contents of glass samples melted under air atmosphere and oxyfuel firing atmosphere are 0.0323wt% and 0.0512wt% respectively. The infrared absorptions in 1300-4000cm-1 band are dominantly related with water dissolved in glass melt. Water existing in glass is mainly in the form of Si-OH, in addition with some free OH connected with metal cations. The IR absorption of ferrous ion in glass is near 3430cm-1, while the IR absorption near 2500 cm-1 does not belong to the vibration of KOH.


In the following paper, I argue that a constellation can be formed around the idea of "individuality" within Rosenzweig's intellectual biography. By connecting his first published book, Hegel and the State , to the " Urzelle " or "Germ Cell," to Part I of The Star of Redemption, I show how the emergence of Rosenzweig's "metaethics" is revealed through his encounters with the historical personalities of Kant and Hegel, and in a different sense entirely, the figure of Goethe.


Abstract. The Parkinson vectors derived from 3-component geomagnetic data via the magnetic transfer function are discussed with respect to epicentre locations and hypocentre depths of 16 earthquakes (M ≥ 5.5) in Taiwan during a period of 2002–2005. To find out whether electric conductivity changes would happen particularly in the seismoactive depth ranges, i.e. in the vicinity of the earthquake foci, the frequency dependent penetration depth of the electromagnetic waves (skin effect) is taken into account. The background distributions involving the general conductivity structure and the coast effect at 20 particular depths are constructed using the Parkinson vectors during the entire study period. The background distributions are subtracted from the time-varying monitor distributions, which are computed using the Parkinson vectors within the 15-day moving window, to remove responses of the coast effect and underlying conductivity structure. Anomalous depth sections are identified by deviating distributions and agree with the hypocentre depths of 15 thrust and/or strike-slip earthquakes with only one exception of a normal fault event.


Determining the dimensionality of G provides an important perspective on the genetic basis of a multivariate suite of traits. Since the introduction of Fisher's geometric model, the number of genetically independent traits underlying a set of functionally related phenotypic traits has been recognized as an important factor influencing the response to selection. Here, we show how the effective dimensionality of G can be established, using a method for the determination of the dimensionality of the effect space from a multivariate general linear model introduced by Amemiya (1985). We compare this approach with two other available methods, factor-analytic modeling and bootstrapping, using a half-sib experiment that estimated G for eight cuticular hydrocarbons of Drosophila serrata. In our example, eight pheromone traits were shown to be adequately represented by only two underlying genetic dimensions by Amemiya's approach and factor-analytic modeling of the covariance structure at the sire level. In contrast, bootstrapping identified four dimensions with significant genetic variance. A simulation study indicated that while the performance of Amemiya's method was more sensitive to power constraints, it performed as well or better than factor-analytic modeling in correctly identifying the original genetic dimensions at moderate to high levels of heritability. The bootstrap approach consistently overestimated the number of dimensions in all cases and performed less well than Amemiya's method at subspace recovery.


This article focuses on the ethical aspects of translation and the question of translators' responsibility, which nowadays are major issues in Ukraine. The paper demonstrates and reviews numerous cases of copyright infringement. As our research has shown, the texts are sometimes translated into Ukrainian not from their source language, but from Russian translations, which leads to double manipulations with the text. To verify this claim, French women's belles-lettres texts and their Ukrainian and Russian translations have been analysed and compared. The post-Soviet period of Ukraine's development has showcased not only the translation-related issues, but also the moral and ethical attitude of translators and publishing houses towards translation as the sphere of copyright. This analysis of Ukrainian translations raises concerns that some book titles, and sometimes the entire belles-lettres works of French women's prose, have been "copied" from Russian translations. The most significant, in this respect, is the Ukrainian translation of George Sand's novel "Consuelo", translated by Viktor Boyko and published in 2011 by the Kharkiv publishing house "Folio".


Hygiene is conditions and practices that serve to promote or preserve health (http://www.answers.com/topic/hygiene?cat=health). Food hygiene or can be called as food safety is a scientific discipline describing the handling, preparation, and storage of food in ways that prevent foodborne illness (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_hygiene). Nowadays, these two aspects are become very popular. All the people in the world from young age to old age like to talk about it and their most concerned is about food hygiene because eating is a primary need to them. They doubt whether the food that they bought in a cafe or in a restaurant is hygiene or not. The food that is not hygiene can cause foodborne illness. It is any illness resulting from the consumption of food (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foodborne_illness). It caused by improper holding temperature (37%), poor personal hygiene and improper hand washing (19%), contaminated equipment (16%), inadequate cooking (11%), food from unsafe sources (6%) and others (11%). That is why food hygiene is very important. The HACCP system is one of an effective method to prevent public health. It is monitoring the flow of food from the purchasing until the food is being served and identifying each step of the process where the contamination might cause the food become unsafe to eat. There are seven principles of HACCP system that have to be concerned by the food establishments when they implement it. They are hazard analysis, identify the critical control points, establish the critical limit which must be met at each critical control point, establish procedures to monitor critical control points, establish the corrective action to be taken when monitoring shows a critical limit has been exceeded, establish procedures to verify the HACCP system is working and establish an effective record-keeping system that documents the HACCP system. The advantages of a HACCP system are remedial action can be taken during processing, control parameter is relatively easy to monitor (time, temperature, pH, texture), more cost effective than microbiological or chemical analysis because it is part of the process and avoids the need for expensive statistical sampling plans, the operation in controlled on the premises, current and predicted hazard and risk can be identified and removed, all staff can be involved with product safety, reduced product loss and avoidance of expensive reprocessing, complementary to other quality management system, example ISO 9000, useful in demonstrating due diligence and focuses resources on the critical parts of the process. The implementation of a good HACCP system in a food establishment will protect the public health well. There are some aspects need to be concerned by the food establishments when they implement the HACCP system; they are planning, appointment of suitable persons, documenting operations, introducing HACCP and checking the system. Then, in this thesis, the writers would like to analyze whether the food hygiene in Lucky City Restaurant is already getting along with the HACCP system or not. The reason why the writers choose this topic is because nowadays there are getting more people who are coming to eat whether dining in or taking away and they want a hygiene food beside it is delicious based on the price that they have paid. This thesis will be divided in six chapters. Chapter one will explain about the research background, research problem definition, research questions, research objectives, significance of the research, delimitation, and the time schedule. Chapter two contains of the general overview of Lucky City Restaurant. It will explain about the history, the organization chart with the tasks and responsibilities, the product, the area, the concept and interior design of Lucky City Restaurant. Chapter three will explain about the literature review of the HACCP system and its aspects. Chapter four is explaining about the research methodology that is being use


Chemokines direct leukocyte recruitment into sites of tissue inflammation and may facilitate recruitment of leukocytes into allografts following transplantation. Although the expression of chemokines during rejection of MHC-disparate allografts has been examined, chemokine expression in MHC-matched/multiple minor histocompatibility Ag-disparate allografts has not been tested. The intraallograft RNA expression of several C-X-C and C-C chemokines was tested during rejection of full thickness skin grafts from B10.D2 donors on control Ig-, anti-CD4 mAb-, and anti-CD8 mAb-treated BALB/c recipients. In all recipients, two patterns of intragraft chemokine expression were observed during rejection of these grafts: 1) macrophage-inflammatory protein-1α, macrophage-inflammatory protein-1β, GRO-α (KC), JE, and IFN-γ-inducible protein (IP-10) were expressed at equivalent levels in allo- and isografts for 2–4 days posttransplant and then returned to low or undetectable levels; and 2) IP-10 and monokine induced by IFN-γ (Mig) were expressed in the allografts 3 days before rejection was completed, suggesting a possible role in recruiting primed T cells into the allograft. Three days before completion of rejection, intraallograft IP-10 protein was restricted to the epidermis, whereas Mig was located in the lower dermis and associated with the intense infiltration of mononuclear cells. Treatment of B10.D2 recipients with rabbit antiserum to Mig, but not to IP-10, delayed rejection of the allografts 3–4 days. The results suggest that Mig mediates optimal recruitment of T cells into MHC-matched/multiple minor histocompatibility Ag-disparate allografts during rejection.


Epidermal morphogenesis is a complex process that culminates in the formation of a barrier that protects the organism from environmental substances and dehydration. p63, a transcription factor, is essential for normal epidermal morphogenesis as demonstrated by the failure of mice lacking p63 expression to develop an epidermis. However, since two independently generated p63-/- mouse models displayed different phenotypes, the role of p63 in epidermal morphogenesis has remained controversial. Furthermore, the tumor susceptibility phenotypes of both p63-/- mouse models were strikingly different. In this review, we discuss these conflicting findings and provide evidence for various roles of p63 in the epidermis under normal and pathological conditions.


Research has provided little evidence that trust in an offline bank can encourage adoption of the bank's online business. Yet, more and more brick-and-mortar banks and other businesses are investing in online Web sites that supposedly ldquoleveragerdquo positive consumer impressions of their offline business. The main purpose of this study is to test empirically whether or not trust in an offline bank transfers (i.e., influences) perceptions about that company's online bank. In order to do so, we analyze how trust in an offline bank influences four perceptions about its online banking counterpart (flow, structural assurance, perceived Web site satisfaction, and perceived extent of future use). The study tests the hypothesized influence of offline trust using a sample of 199 South Korean consumers responding about offline and online banking. Results show that offline trust influences all four online perceptions, just as proposed. These effects were especially prominent among respondents new to online banking. Thus, offline-to-online transfer should be considered when designing strategies for online channels. This study fills a key research gap by examining transfer of cognitive beliefs from an offline to an online setting.


We present Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) data on the large-scale environments of 16 0.39 < z < 0.51 quasars from the Large Bright Quasar Survey (LBQS). The LBQS quasars are representative of the radio-quiet population, and this is one of the first looks at their large-scale environments. We compare the LBQS environments with the environments of 27 0.15 < z < 0.55 quasars selected from the HST archive. The majority of the Archive quasars are from the PG and PKS surveys, and these quasars are more luminous on average than the LBQS. By comparing the LBQS and Archive environments, we investigate whether previous quasar environment studies have been biased as a result of studying unusually radio or optically luminous quasars. We compare observed galaxy number counts with expected counts predicted from the CNOC2 field galaxy luminosity function in order to look for statistical excesses of galaxies around the quasars. We detect a significant excess around the Archive quasars but find no such excess around the LBQS quasars. We calculate the amplitude of the spatial correlation function and find that the LBQS environments are consistent with that of the typical galaxy while the Archive environments are slightly less rich than Abell 0 clusters. We find no difference between the environments of radio-loud and radio-quiet quasars in either sample. However, comparison with previously published work shows that the LBQS radio-loud quasars are in sparse environments when compared with other radio-loud quasars, and the Archive radio-quiet quasars are in dense environments compared to other radio-quiet quasars. The richer environments of the Archive radio-quiet quasars cannot be explained by their higher optical luminosities. We find a positive correlation (95%) between radio luminosity and environment for the radio-loud quasars. This may explain why the LBQS radio-loud quasars, which are less radio luminous, are in sparser environments.


Acute patellofemoral dislocation is the most common acute knee disorder in children and adolescents. The predisposing factors for acute patellar dislocation are multifactorial. Unless associated with substantial articular cartilage damage, nonsurgical management is typically used to treat a first-time acute patellofemoral dislocation in a skeletally immature athlete. In the setting of recurrent instability, surgical reconstruction is usually recommended. Surgical treatment of patellofemoral instability in the skeletally immature athlete is evolving from nonanatomic extensor mechanism surgical procedures to anatomic restorative procedures based on reconstitution of the medial patellofemoral ligament. The current goal of surgery is to restore the normal anatomy of the patellofemoral joint. Proper patient selection and attention to technical details are important in achieving good outcomes.


This work presents physical, petrographic and mechanical characteristics of basalt aggregates from Serra Geral Formation in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, used as layers of simple graded crushed stone in pavement. The simple graded crushed stone chosen for the study was obtained from a quarry in the municipality of São José do Cerrito/SC, located in the mountainous region of Santa Catarina. The aggregates of this quarry were used to pave a segment of highway BR-282/SC from 2002 to 2006. This study presents the results of thin section analysis, which identifies the mineralogical composition of the material and clarifies aspects associated with the rock texture. In addition, resilient modulus tests are conducted, followed by numerical evaluation of the pavement's structural behavior, field evaluation of elastic displacement with Benkelman beam testing, and comparison of the results. The entire highway segment was monitored throughout its implementation and was determined to be in good condition. The material used offers good performance as a pavement layer. Moreover, the methodology used for the design presents good correlation with the field tests.


The study set out to investigate readjustment to disability on the part of spouses of stroke patients, and to elicit the particular problems faced by the spouse of an aphasic patient. Seventy-nine stroke patients and their spouses were selected, from rehabilitation records for assessment. They were classified firstly according to the patient's disability: Aphasia without hemiplegia; Aphasia with hemiplegia; Hemiplegia without aphasia. The groups were found to be closely comparable on demographic variables such as age, sex and social class. Subsequently they were reclassified by laterality of lesion. The assessments of the spouse included ratings of their personality, social adjustment, psychiatric health attitude towards, the patient and the disability, and help and coimatmication patterns. Spouses of aphasic patients showed evidence of significantly poorer overall social adjustment than spouses of non-aphasic patients. The areas that were particularly impaired were social and leisure activities, and marital relationships. Although the areas of work, parental-relationship, and relationship with the extended family were relatively less impaired, they were also frequently, problematic. In the marital area, aphasia appeared to be particularly disruptive, but marriages of all stroke patients were characterised by poor comnunication, diminished sexual satisfaction and loss of partnership. Social isolation also affected all spouses, but more especially the spouses of aphasic patients. There was a raised incidence of apparent neurotic disturbance in all spouses and again this was more pronounced amongst the spouses of aphasic patients. Overprotective and unrealistic attitudes were a more common response than rejection or retributive guilt feelings. It is suggested that the emotional reactions of the patient to his disability differentially affect the interpersonal relations and adjustment of the spouse: the laterality of the lesion presenting differing emotional reactions to disability.


Background: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have been consistently linked to an increased risk of adult morbidity and mortality, yet little research has been conducted to identify factors that may protect the health of those exposed to ACEs, thus contributing to resiliency in those exposed to significant ACEs. Objective: Utilizing data from a population-based survey of adult residents of a county in Southwestern Pennsylvania, this study examines the effects that socioeconomic status and social and emotional support may have in protecting adult health following exposure to ACEs. Methods: Data collected in the 2009-2010 Allegheny County Health Survey was used to identify adults who had experienced great childhood adversity (defined as those reporting ACE score of 5 or higher to examine the most severe cases) and divide them based on their health outcomes. ACE score was measured using a six-item instrument adapted from a larger instrument measuring adversity. Socioeconomic status was measured by combining annual household income and educational attainment. Level of social and emotional support was gathered through a series of questions inquiring about availability of types of support. Chi-square and T-test were used to compare demographic make-up of those with significant childhood adversity and those with little to no childhood adversity. Logistic Regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between SES and social and emotional support on health outcomes. Results: Of the 5,442 people interviewed between August 2009 and September 2010, 735 (13.5%) reported ACE score of 5 or more. Several differences were noted in those who reported high ACE scores: they were more likely to be younger, female, African American, and have lower SES. They were also more likely to be unhealthy. However, those reporting high ACEs with medium to high SES tended to have better health outcomes than those reporting high ACEs with low SES (O.R.=1.811, p<.0001). Social and emotional support was also associated with better overall health, especially for those in the high ACE group (O.R.=1.057 p=0.0377). Conclusions: ACEs are associated with poorer health outcomes in adults, and about 13% of Allegheny County residents have experienced 5 ACEs or more. Socioeconomic status may increase resilience due to broadening opportunities and resources for the individuals. Higher levels of perceived social support are associated with better health outcomes for those who have experienced great adversity; perhaps because those with high ACEs have less developed internal resources for coping, therefore the benefits of social support become more pronounced for those who have experienced significant adversity. Identifying factors associated with resilience in individuals who have experienced childhood adversity is relevant to the field of public health in that it would help service providers and other professionals to better understand the relationship between ACEs and health, and direct public health professionals to areas of intervention for those who have experienced ACEs and are thus at heightened risk for negative adult health outcomes.


Abstract Multi-kilometer-scale strike and dip exposures of fluvial deposits from the Permo-Triassic Beaufort Group enable detailed analysis of spatial and temporal changes in fluvial style and stacking patterns. A study succession 145 m thick in the Abrahamskraal Formation comprises a hierarchy of channel-related deposits, from stories through channel belts that are stacked into nine channel-belt complexes in four complex sets. Channel belts show evidence for both downstream and lateral accretion and include common upper-phase plane bedding. Floodplain deposits comprise crevasse-splay sandstones and siltstone packages showing upward fining from green-gray siltstone into distinctive purple claystone, interpreted as a drying-upward trend in shallow ephemeral lakes. The lower stratigraphy is dominated by splay complexes, overlain by increasingly incised and amalgamated channelized systems with little preserved floodplain material. Paleocurrents are consistently to the northeast. While aspects of the dataset fit a basin-axial trunk-river-dominated system, they better (but not entirely) reflect a prograding distributive fluvial system (DFS). Lines of evidence include the consistent paleocurrents in early (frontal) splays and younger channel-belt complexes, and the presence of splay complexes only in the lower stratigraphy, interpreted as precursors to the prograding fluvial system. Deposition took place under conditions of flashy discharge influenced by high-frequency climate cycles, also expressed in the mudrock color changes and distribution of paleosols. These cycles overprint the expected gradual drying-upward trend in overbank deposits proposed in DFS models. The abrupt increase in channel belt incision, amalgamation, and lack of floodplain preservation associated with Complex 6 is interpreted to reflect sequence-boundary formation and a basinward facies shift that forced progradation beyond the rate predicted in gradualistic DFS models.


Concentrations of carbamazepine (CBZ) and its 10,11-epoxide metabolite (CBZ-E) were measured in simultaneously collected plasma and mixed saliva samples from 15 children (aged 1-13 years). Saliva concentrations of CBZ and CBZ-E were measured in hourly samples taken from six of these children during dose intervals whilst on different dose or dose-frequency regimens. Saliva and plasma CBZ (r = 0.91; P less than 0.001) and CBZ-E (r = 0.91; P less than 0.001) concentrations were significantly correlated. The mean +/- s.d. steady state CBZ-E/CBZ concentration ratio in the six children was 0.40 +/- 0.21 and was similar at all times within the 12 h dose interval. The mean +/- s.d. percentage fluctuation of the combined CBZ + CBZ-E (103.0 +/-28.9) was significantly less than that of CBZ-E (145.5 +/- 52.8) but not CBZ (109.6 +/- 31.1). If CBZ and CBZ-E have equipotent anticonvulsant activity in man, the contribution of CBZ-E approximates to 30% of total anticonvulsant effect in children taking CBZ alone.


Introduction: An inverted papilloma is a benign tumor that is found in the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses. Inverted papilloma accounts for approximately 0.5 to 2.0% of all nasal tumors. While it is considered benign, an inverted papilloma can destroy the surrounding bone. In a small number of cases (5–15%), an inverted papilloma may be found with a squamous cell carcinoma; one such case is reported. Case report: A 70-year-old male presented with complaints of right-sided nasal blockage, which progressively increased over time and nasal discharge since one and half years with occasional history of epistaxis. On anterior rhinoscopic examination, there was a fleshy polypoidal mass filling the right nasal cavity. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a soft tissue density mass filling maxillary sinus and posterior choana with mild enhancement. Endoscopic medial maxillectomy was performed with complete removal of mass. Histopathological diagnosis was given as inverted sinonasal papilloma with malignant transformation. The patient was referred to a cancer reference center for treatment and received combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Patient was disease free at 6-month follow-up. Conclusion: An inverted papilloma is a benign tumor with a propensity for malignant change. For these reasons, inverted papilloma should be treated like malignant tumor of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.


Background—Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is increasingly used as an end point in studies aimed at reducing progression or inducing regression of coronary artery disease. However, data linking serial changes by IVUS with clinical outcomes are scarce. Methods and Results—In the absence of a validated risk score for secondary prevention, we compared 3 established risk scores for primary prevention—PROCAM, SCORE, and Framingham—with plaque progression and lumen reduction as assessed with serial IVUS (follow-up, 18±9 months) in atherosclerotic left main coronary arteries of 56 patients with established atherosclerosis. For all 3 algorithms, patients at highest estimated risk of events showed greater plaque progression than patients at lowest risk (P<0.05 to <0.01). There were positive linear relationships between the risk of clinical events and plaque progression (r=0.41 to 0.60; P<0.002 to <0.0001). This translated into a greater decrease in lumen dimensions with increasing risk (P<0.05, PROCAM and SCORE). Risk prediction using the PROCAM algorithm showed the strongest relation with serial IVUS. During follow-up, 18 patients suffered from adverse cardiovascular events; these patients had an annual plaque progression that was significantly greater than other patients (25.2±19.4% versus 5.9±15.6%, P<0.001). Conclusions—There was a positive linear relationship between the estimated risk of clinical events derived from all 3 established risk-score algorithms and the extent of plaque progression measured by serial IVUS. This translated into stenosis progression (reduction in lumen dimensions) with increasing clinical risk.


Herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 are highly prevalent human neurotropic pathogens that cause a variety of diseases, including lethal encephalitis. The relationship between HSV and the host immune system is one of the main determinants of the infection outcome. Chemokines play relevant roles in antiviral response and immunopathology, but the modulation of chemokine function by HSV is not well understood. We have addressed the modulation of chemokine function mediated by HSV. By using surface plasmon resonance and crosslinking assays we show that secreted glycoprotein G (SgG) from both HSV-1 and HSV-2 binds chemokines with high affinity. Chemokine binding activity was also observed in the supernatant of HSV-2 infected cells and in the plasma membrane of cells infected with HSV-1 wild type but not with a gG deficient HSV-1 mutant. Cell-binding and competition experiments indicate that the interaction takes place through the glycosaminoglycan-binding domain of the chemokine. The functional relevance of the interaction was determined both in vitro, by performing transwell assays, time-lapse microscopy, and signal transduction experiments; and in vivo, using the air pouch model of inflammation. Interestingly, and in contrast to what has been observed for previously described viral chemokine binding proteins, HSV SgGs do not inhibit chemokine function. On the contrary, HSV SgGs enhance chemotaxis both in vitro and in vivo through increasing directionality, potency and receptor signaling. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of a viral chemokine binding protein from a human pathogen that increases chemokine function and points towards a previously undescribed strategy of immune modulation mediated by viruses.


This paper studies the impact of Skype-aided remote business coaching on the strategies and sales of emerging market entrepreneurs. It sheds light on three novel research questions: (1) What is the effect of remote business coaching on firm sales? (2) What is the mechanism through which this effect occurs; specifically, does remote coaching stimulate changes in marketing strategies (pivots)? (3) Do entrepreneurs benefit more from remote coaching when they are less strategic in their decision-making? We conducted a randomized controlled field experiment with 930 entrepreneurs in Uganda to examine the impact of a remote coaching intervention that connects management professionals in primarily advanced markets and entrepreneurs in emerging markets with the aim of improving business performance. The analysis finds a positive and significant main effect on firm sales – treated entrepreneurs increase monthly sales by 27.6% on average. In addition, entrepreneurs who receive remote coaching are 63.3% more likely to have "pivoted" or shifted their marketing strategy in a new direction. And consistent with this mechanism of inducing strategic business changes, the results show that entrepreneurs who receive remote coaching tend to do better when they (ex ante) lack strategic focus. These results have important implications for the development of marketing strategies by entrepreneurs and multinational managers, as well as for organizations interested in improving the performance of small firms in emerging markets and beyond.


The present study is an exploratory cross-sectional study of interlanguage pragmatic development of expressions of gratitude, specifically, gratitude after receiving a favor. Expressing gratitude is a speech act that is taught at an early age and is commonly performed by native speakers of most languages. It is, thus, often assumed that learners can successfully say thank you in the target language. However, studies show that even advanced learners have difficulty adequately expressing gratitude. The objectives of the present study are: (a) to investigate how native speakers of Chinese and native speakers of English express gratitude as defined by length of speech and use of strategies; (b) to examine whether there is evidence of pragmatic development in the speech act behavior of expressions of gratitude among Chinese learners of English with the increase of the length of residence in the United States; and (c) to examine whether there is evidence of pragmatic influence from L1 Chinese in English expressions of gratitude among Chinese learners of English. The data were collected through a discourse completion task questionnaire. Subjects' responses were classified into eight thanking strategies. Descriptive and t-test analyses were conducted to identify the pragmatic differences that distinguished the behavior of the three English learner groups, which varied according to their length of stay in the United States, from that of Chinese and English native speakers. The results show that Chinese and English native speakers have different preferences for thanking strategies in the eight situations. They are significantly different in the length of speech and use of strategies. In addition, there is a positive effect of the length of residence in the United States on English learners' pragmatic development. The results also show evidence of pragmatic influence from L1 Chinese. Moreover, contextual variables, social status, familiarity and imposition, have a significant influence on the length of speech and the use of strategies for all subject groups.


Little attention has been focused on the local burn wound environment, even though burn wound sepsis is a common cause of death in the burn victim. To characterize the effect of the local burn wound environment on neutrophil function and metabolism, the opsonic activity of blister fluid specimens against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was measured as was the effect of blister fluid on control neutrophil oxygen consumption using preopsonized zymosan and f-met-leu-phe (FMLP) as stimuli. Blister fluid did not support the killing of P. aeruginosa by normal neutrophils as well as normal serum. Additionally, blister fluid inhibited zymosan-stimulated, but not FMLP-stimulated, neutrophil oxygen consumption. The inhibitory effect of blister fluid on zymosan-stimulated oxygen consumption correlated with the extent of complement activation, measured as C3d or C3AI (p less than 0.01). That blister fluid did not inhibit the FMLP-mediated respiratory burst supports the concept that the blister fluid inhibitory effect on the zymosan-mediated respiratory burst was mediated through the complement receptor. These findings that blister fluid can affect the bactericidal and metabolic activity of normal neutrophils support the concept that cellular function can be altered by the microenvironment in which the cells are bathed. This potential impairment of host defenses within the burn wound could predispose the burn victim to burn wound sepsis.


Author's Response: We thank Dr. Chester for his comments. Our response to Dr. Chester 's letter appears below: Regarding his question about the relationship between fatigue and chronic sinus disease, our recen t repor t (ENT Journal 1993:6:412-420) was restricted to patient-reported sinus symptoms and overall health ratings before and after endoscopic sinus surgery. Patients in our study also provided informatio n on functional health status as assesse d with the Health Status Questionnaire. We have recently completed analyses for each of the component health status scales, includin g the scale assessi ng vitality (e.g. energy/fatigue). A manuscript reporting on longitudinal changes in functional health status before and after sinus surgery has been prepared and is currently undergoing review.


In the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous palaeogeography of the Alpine Tethys the term Ocean is used for different parts of these sedimentary areas: eg. Ligurian – Piedmont and Penninic, Magura, Pieniny, Valais and Ceahlau-Severins oceans. The Magura Ocean occupied the more northern position in the Alpine-Carpathian arc. During the Late Cretaceous–Paleogene tectono-sedimentary evolution the Magura Ocean was transformed into several (Magura, Dukla, Silesian, sub-Silesian and Skole) basins and intrabasinal source area ridges now incorporated into the Outer Western Carpathians.


Although long obscured by the Great Depression, the nationwide "bubble" that appeared in the early 1920s and burst in 1926 was similar in magnitude to the recent real estate boom and bust. Fundamentals, including a post-war construction catch-up, low interest rates and a "Greenspan put," helped to ignite the boom in the twenties, but alternative monetary policies would have only dampened not eliminated it. Both booms were accompanied by securitization, a reduction in lending standards, and weaker supervision. Yet, the bust in the twenties, which drove up foreclosures, did not induce a collapse of the banking system. The elements absent in the 1920s were federal deposit insurance, the "Too Big To Fail" doctrine, and federal policies to increase mortgages to higher risk homeowners. This comparison suggests that these factors combined to induce increased risk-taking that was crucial to the eruption of the recent and worst financial crisis since the Great Depression.


Primary ocular lymphoma (POL), a lymphoma of the globe, is a restricted form of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) that often progresses to the brain and meninges; frequently it is misdiagnosed until central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma develops. The optimal treatment has not yet been identified. We retrospectively reviewed the course and the treatment of POL in 31 patients. Seventeen patients were treated for isolated POL (group A) and 14 were treated only after CNS disease was diagnosed (group B). The treatment in both groups consisted of systemic chemotherapy, chemotherapy plus radiotherapy (RT) or RT alone. In group A, nine patients (53%) developed CNS progression and five (29%) had ocular recurrence. In group B, seven (50%) had CNS progression and three (21%) ocular relapse. To control for diagnostic lead time, median survival was calculated from initial ocular symptoms and was 60 months in group A and 35 months in group B (P < 0·05). Ocular lymphoma responds to a variety of therapies but treatment with chemotherapy and/or ocular radiotherapy (ORT) failed to prevent CNS progression. Patients whose ocular disease was identified and treated before CNS progression had a significantly improved survival.


Given the criticism addressed towards international arbitration to settle investor-state disputes, it is necessary to explore alternatives.The most prominent one is mediation which presents many advantageous features centered around preserving and nurturing the relationship between the state and the investor. While all the conditions are met for the increased use of mediation, it remains marginal, mainly because of the very essence of investor-state disputes. A promising alternative is conflict-prevention which includes several tools intervening at different levels of the investor-state conflict continuum. Such tools include grievance management mechanisms and investment ombudsmen which incorporate mediation techniques in their operating procedures and have proven to be efficient. In the end, it is better to prevent than to cure and the most efficient way to prevent is to educate.
'I've learned that people will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel.' – Maya Angelou


An approach to the document-retrieval problem that aims to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of document-retrieval systems by exploiting the semantic contents of the documents is presented. The document retrieval problem is delineated, and conceptual document modeling basics and requirements are discussed. An experimental system, the Multimedia Office Server (Multos), which implements some of the document-model concepts described, is presented.<<ETX>>


Whenever and wherever they intervene, international peace-keeping and stabilization missions are generally faced with complex challenges and situations involving a high degree of uncertainty, for the mastering of which there appears to be no generic solution. Such missions, as devoid of alternatives as they may be in their respective situations, often draw much criticism and little praise upon themselves, and can often "successfully fail." The "case of Kosova" is no exception here. This book analyzes the military policies and policing carried out by the international community in Kosova. In great detail and with great expertise, it explains which events and developments have shaped the conflict-ridden juxtaposition of international and Kosovan institutions, and it provides perspectives on the future of the country. (Series: Internationale Politik - Vol. 5)


Background Enormous amounts of data are recorded routinely in health care as part of the care process, primarily for managing individual patient care. There are significant opportunities to use these data for other purposes, many of which would contribute to establishing a learning health system. This is particularly true for data recorded in primary care settings, as in many countries, these are the first place patients turn to for most health problems. Objective In this paper, we discuss whether data that are recorded routinely as part of the health care process in primary care are actually fit to use for other purposes such as research and quality of health care indicators, how the original purpose may affect the extent to which the data are fit for another purpose, and the mechanisms behind these effects. In doing so, we want to identify possible sources of bias that are relevant for the use and reuse of these type of data. Methods This paper is based on the authors' experience as users of electronic health records data, as general practitioners, health informatics experts, and health services researchers. It is a product of the discussions they had during the Translational Research and Patient Safety in Europe (TRANSFoRm) project, which was funded by the European Commission and sought to develop, pilot, and evaluate a core information architecture for the learning health system in Europe, based on primary care electronic health records. Results We first describe the different stages in the processing of electronic health record data, as well as the different purposes for which these data are used. Given the different data processing steps and purposes, we then discuss the possible mechanisms for each individual data processing step that can generate biased outcomes. We identified 13 possible sources of bias. Four of them are related to the organization of a health care system, whereas some are of a more technical nature. Conclusions There are a substantial number of possible sources of bias; very little is known about the size and direction of their impact. However, anyone that uses or reuses data that were recorded as part of the health care process (such as researchers and clinicians) should be aware of the associated data collection process and environmental influences that can affect the quality of the data. Our stepwise, actor- and purpose-oriented approach may help to identify these possible sources of bias. Unless data quality issues are better understood and unless adequate controls are embedded throughout the data lifecycle, data-driven health care will not live up to its expectations. We need a data quality research agenda to devise the appropriate instruments needed to assess the magnitude of each of the possible sources of bias, and then start measuring their impact. The possible sources of bias described in this paper serve as a starting point for this research agenda.


Voltage sourced static VAr compensators such as the Statcom need to be able to handle unbalanced voltages. Mild imbalance can be caused by unbalanced loads while severe short-term imbalance can be caused by power system faults. A synchronous frame voltage regulator is presented that works even when three phase symmetry is lost. This regulator addresses voltage imbalance by using separate regulation loops for the positive and negative sequence components of the voltage. The proposed regulator allows the Statcom to ride through severe transient imbalance without disconnecting from the power system and, further, to assist in rebalancing voltages. The regulator maintains sufficient bandwidth to perform flicker compensation. The controller's performance is simulated for a Statcom in a model distribution system where it is subjected to a severe single line to ground fault and a rapidly varying three phase load.


In this clinicopathological case report on a 27-year-old man suffering from mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type VI-A (Maroteaux-Lamy), histologic findings in both eyes, and histologic and ultrastructural findings in a keratoplasty button are presented for the first time in the German literature. Type VI-A is a very rare type of MPS, very benign as regards mental development. It results in a typical corneal opacification due to massive accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in all corneal layers. The opacification was treated successfully in one eye by penetrating keratoplasty. Thickening of the sclera and the optic nerve sheaths was demonstrated for the first time by computer-assisted tomography. Additionally, bilateral atrophy of the optic nerve, probably caused by elevated intracranial pressure, was found. The differential diagnostic differences between this and other types of MPS and the reason for the two cardinal symptoms (corneal opacification and optic atrophy) are discussed in extenso, and a review of the literature is given.


'' This is not a book for the faint of heart or dull of brain. Paul Virilio, the most corrosive critic of the 20th Century, has become by dint of intellect, clarity of vision, and relentless output, the most prophetic of the 21st. Mark Lacy skirts the polemics and poetics of Virilio to discover a piercing analysis of the propaganda of progress and administration of fear that define our times. Virilio has found in Lacy an interpreter worthy of his immense oeuvre: not an amanuensis but a gimlet-eyed theorist who cuts to the core of a truly revelatory critique of modernity.'' -- James Der Derian, University of Sydney, Australia


The problem of implementing reliable broadcast in ARPA-like computer networks is studied. The environment is characterized by the absence of any multicast facility on the communication by the absence of any multicast facility on the communications subnetwork level. Thus, broadcast has to be implemented directly on hosts. A reliable broadcast protocol is presented and evaluated with respect to several important performance criteria.<<ETX>>


It is too soon to conclude that the physiological activities of PPARγ are truly ligand-independent. Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is considered to be a ligand-activated nuclear receptor with essential roles in adipogenesis, glucose and lipid homeostasis, and inflammatory responses. An unusually large ligand-binding pocket is a distinguishing feature of PPARγ and two related receptors, PPARα and PPARβ (also known as PPARδ), which allows these receptors to interact with diverse chemical ligands including various fatty acids, fibrates, and the thiazolidinedione class of antidiabetic drugs. However, the physiologically relevant ligand of PPARs remains unknown. A PPARγ mutant that is incapable of binding ligands unexpectedly directed adipogenesis when introduced into fibroblasts. This raises key issues regarding the existence and roles of the hypothetical physiological ligands for PPARγ, issues that may also apply to other "orphan" nuclear receptors lacking bona fide ligands. Identification of the physiological ligands of PPARs and orphan nuclear receptors will be crucial for understanding the biology of these receptors.


The award winning 'Crisis Management and the School Community' is an essential guide designed to look at crisis management from a whole school approach. It offers practical response and recovery procedures for school leaders dealing with emergencies, both within the school and in the larger community. This fully revised second edition takes a broad view of crisis and covers events such as a death in the family, a school fire, student casualties in car accidents, student suicide, natural disasters and terrorist attacks. 'Crisis Management and the School Community' combines theory and practice to provide guidelines for: Managing response and recovery procedures; Understanding the grieving process; Developing people management and leadership skills; Communicating appropriately; Including staff and students in the recovery process; and, Coping better with future crises.


In the political debate people express the idea that immigrants are good because they can help pay for the old. The paper explores this idea in a dynamic political-economy setup. We characterize sub-game perfect Markov equilibria where immigration policy and pay-as-you-go (PAYG) social security system are jointly determined through a majority voting process. The main feature of the model is that immigrants are desirable for the sustainability of the social security system, because the political system is able to manipulate the ratio of old to young and thereby the coalition which supports future high social security benefits. We demonstrate that the older is the native born population the more likely is that the immigration policy is liberalized; which in turn has a positive effect on the sustainability of the social security system.


Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to provide estimates of factor income shares for 79 developed, developing and transition economies representing close to 90 percent of the world output and to test for income share convergence. Design/methodology/approach–The paper uses data from the United Nations National Accounts and World Bank World Development Indicator databases and the factor-income-share estimation methodology developed in Bernanke and Gurkaynak (2001) and Gollin (2002). Findings–The authors estimate indicated that the average levels of capital income (profit) shares in developing and transition countries are 1.4-1.5 times higher than in developed economies. During the period studied, profit shares in all groups of countries trended upwards. As a result, the "global" profit share increased thus extending the "labor share squeeze" of the 1980s and 1990s. Practical implications–The finding of persistent and significant differences in factor shares in countries of different development levels calls into question the assumption of uniform factor shares' often made in studies of economic growth. The detection of a broadly based upward trend in profit shares has implications for studies of income distribution and inequality. Originality/value–The paper's contribution is in providing updated estimates of factor income shares for the broad sample of countries, including in particular transition economies, not covered in previous studies; confirming the positive link between profit share and country's income level; countering claims of factor income convergence and establishing the upward trend in "global" profit share.


OBJECTIVE In light of the competition between microneurosurgery and alternative methods such as stereotactic radiosurgery, we tested the hypothesis that changes in the cerebral circulation after microneurosurgery are common among patients without evidence of cerebrovascular or neoplastic disease. METHODS Blood flow velocities (BFVs) were recorded with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, before surgery and every other day after surgery, for a group of 50 patients who underwent transsylvian selective amygdalohippocampectomies for treatment of hippocampal sclerosis. Hexamethylpropylene amine oxime-single-photon emission computed tomographic testing, including acetazolamide testing of cerebrovascular reactivity, was performed during the second postoperative week for 20 of the 50 patients. RESULTS BFVs in basal arteries ipsilateral to the surgical approach increased significantly (P < 0.001) from preoperative baseline values of approximately 52 ± 13 cm/s (mean ± standard deviation) to values of approximately 86 ± 27 cm/s on postoperative Day 3 and reached their maximal values of approximately 115 ± 37 cm/s after a median of 7 days. BFVs in contralateral vessels exhibited a similar but somewhat attenuated pattern. Hexamethylpropylene amine oxime-single-photon emission computed tomography demonstrated ipsilateral regions of hypoperfusion in 100.0% of the cases and contralateral hypoperfusion in 80.0%. Cerebrovascular reactivity was impaired in 83.3% of the cases ipsilaterally and in 33.3% contralaterally. CONCLUSION A significant proportion of patients who undergo microneurosurgical procedures develop bilateral alterations of their cerebral circulation. The elevations in mean BFV values represent cerebral vasospasm. Because these changes remain asymptomatic for the majority of patients, the transsylvian approach can be considered "minimally invasive" but not "atraumatic." Alternative surgical routes and alternative treatment modalities should be investigated in a similar manner.


To stay competitive, PM manufacturers have to be able to accept a wide range of components with different features and properties. Thus, it is of utmost importance for manufacturers to adapt their common process routes to new requirements as rapidly and economical as possible. The procedure of identifying the right route among all the alternatives requires abundance of experience and knowledge and is a crucial and time-consuming decision; usually made by a team of engineers. In this study, by considering the mechanical properties and design specifications of the final component, a simple methodology is developed to aid the engineer(s) in selection of the optimum PM process route. In order to sort the possible routes according to cost, a cost estimating module has been devised. The total concept is applied to a case study and its accuracy has been evaluated.


Cambrian-Ordovician units of the southern Quebec Appalachians oceanic domain include obducted ophiolites and an overlying syncollisional sedimentary basin represented by the Saint-Daniel Mélange and flysch units of the Magog Group. These terrains were thrust onto the Laurentian continental margin during the Taconian orogeny and are unconformably overlain by Silurian-Devonian successor basins. This contribution presents and discusses new stratigraphic data acquired in the oceanic domain, as well as U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar geochronological data on detrital zircons and muscovites sampled at various stratigraphic levels, from the base of the sedimentary units of the oceanic domain and the Silurian-Devonian units of the Gaspé Belt. This work, combined with the compilation of existing data for southern Quebec and western New England allows a better definition of the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the area, and are used to propose correlations with different rock units of the northern New England Appalachians, which represents a collage of Laurentian margin and oceanic units. It is shown that Cambrian-Ordovician rocks of southern Quebec and northern Vermont have undergone a similar tectonic evolution. The ophiolites were obducted onto the Laurentian margin as a more or less coherent slab of oceanic lithosphere. Both the ophiolites and continental margin rocks were uplifted, eroded and unconformably overlain by Middle to Late Ordovician units of the Saint-Daniel Mélange and Magog Group in a forearc setting. The presence of mafic and felsic volcanic flows that are interstratified within the Saint-Daniel Mélange can be correlated with an episode of delamination and slab breakoff during the final stages of obduction and exhumation of the orogenic wedge. The Magog Group was deposited during the emplacement of the Taconian nappes, as the outboard volcanic arc was still active but progressively shutting down. The provenances suggested by the age of the dated detrital minerals can be entirely reconciled with the peri-Laurentian context of the studied rock units and testify of the tectonic evolution and sedimentary recycling of the Taconian orogen, from ophiolite obduction onto the Laurentian margin, to the collapse of the orogenic belt and the formation of successor basins.


This essay investigates how capitalism affects the characters in John Dos Passos' novel Manhattan Transfer. It argues how capitalism in many instances leads to alienation in various ways. In order to understand the historical context of the novel and to perform this character study, the concepts of modernism, modernity, Marxism, capitalism and alienation are put forward in the theoretical framework as the foundation of the essay. The main theories used are Georg Lukacs' definition of heaviness, Ferdinand Tonnies' discussion on community and society and Melvin Seeman's presentation of the ways in which the term alienation has been used and explained over the years.


Introduction: African Americans (AAs) and Hispanics/Latino Americans (HLAs) are underrepresented in clinical trials research. The purpose of this study was to conduct focus groups with AAs and HLAs to elicit their solutions to trial participation barriers. Methods: Thirty-two AAs and 25 HLAs participated in six racially and ethnically homogenous focus groups conducted in South Carolina (n=3 focus groups per racial/ethnic group). Focus group questions were based on a modified conceptual framework from the Institute of Medicine9s report, Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Healthcare. The coding process using the NVIVO software program provided a systematic approach to identifying themes in the data. Statements identified from the data were coded using a structured coding technique and grouped into conceptual categories, themes, or axial codes by consensus among the investigators. Themes related to questions that were common across both racial/ethnic groups were identified, as well as themes unique to a particular group. Results: Participant-derived solutions to barriers to clinical trial participation from both racial and ethnic groups. As a solution to: (a) lack of willingness to take part in clinical trials, participants suggested that if other physical and emotional risks could be reduced, altruism could serve as a prime motivator for clinical trials; (b) fears related to the responsibility of the research system for adverse effects, participants wanted personal guarantees about their safety. They understood researcher responsibility to include: guarantees that free healthcare would be provided to those who experienced adverse effects and reassurance that a drug would not cause harm or exacerbate other conditions; (c) the cost of trial participation, participants believed that these costs could be alleviated through fair compensation and by holding trial appointments at night or on weekends, and (d) recruitment challenges in diverse populations, members of both racial and ethnic focus groups advocated recruitment in community contexts, such as churches, ethnic gathering places, and support groups. AA participants made the following suggestions. As solutions to: (a) concern over past abuses of the health care system, participants suggested that medical universities advertise their improved clinical climate and apologize for past discriminatory conduct; and (b) lack of diversity in research teams, participants suggested coaching clinicians in better patient communication and developing diverse research teams. HLA participants made the following suggestions. As a solution to: lack of availability of study materials in Spanish, participants stressed the importance of having Spanish-speaking clinicians and patient advocates as well as Spanish-language study materials. Conclusions: Responses from AA and HLA participants reflect their unique cultural backgrounds and historical experiences in the United States. Recruitment interventions need to be tailored to the characteristics of the groups that are being recruited to ensure that their concerns/needs are met during the recruitment process. Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):A39.


19F magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI) is an emerging technique for quantitative imaging of novel therapies, such as cellular therapies and theranostic nanoparticles. A modification of perfluorocarbon (PFC)-loaded, nanocarrier-based 19F MRI probes with paramagnetic chelates can enhance probe's functionality. Liquid PFC-loaded nanocarriers typically have a core-shell structure with PFC in the core due to the poor miscibility of PFC. However, paramagnetic relaxation enhancement acts only at a distance of a few angstroms. Thus, efficient modulation of 19F signal is possible only with fluorophilic PFC-soluble chelates. Such chelates, however, cannot interact with the surroundings of nanoparticles. Conversely, chelates on the surface typically affect only the aqueous environment but not the 19F signal. We show that the confinement of PFC in biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles with fractal structure enables modulation of longitudinal and transverse 19F relaxation, as well as proton signal, using non-fluorophilic paramagnetic chelates. We compared nanoparticles with fractal multicore versus conventional core-shell structure, where the PFC is encapsulated in the core(s) and the chelate in the surrounding polymeric matrix. Importantly, paramagnetic chelates affected both longitudinal and transverse 19F relaxation in fractal multicore nanoparticles, but not in core-shell nanocapsules. Both relaxation rates of 19F nucleus increased with an increasing concentration of the paramagnetic chelate. Moreover, as the polymeric matrix remained water-permeable, proton enhancement additionally was observed in MRI. In the future, the effects of fractal confinement could be combined with more effective paramagnetic chelates to develop multifunctional imaging probes, for example, for high-sensitivity 19F MRI combined with sensing.


We develop unbiased implicit variational inference (UIVI), a method that expands the applicability of variational inference by defining an expressive variational family. UIVI considers an implicit variational distribution obtained in a hierarchical manner using a simple reparameterizable distribution whose variational parameters are defined by arbitrarily flexible deep neural networks. Unlike previous works, UIVI directly optimizes the evidence lower bound (ELBO) rather than an approximation to the ELBO. We demonstrate UIVI on several models, including Bayesian multinomial logistic regression and variational autoencoders, and show that UIVI achieves both tighter ELBO and better predictive performance than existing approaches at a similar computational cost.


Polyamide and polystyrene particles were coated with titanium dioxide films by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and then melt-compounded to form polymer nanocomposites. The rheological properties of the ALD-created nanocomposite materials were characterized with a melt flow indexer, a melt flow spiral mould, and a rotational rheometer. The results suggest that the melt flow properties of polyamide nanocomposites were markedly better than those of pure polyamide and polystyrene nanocomposites. Such behavior was shown to originate in an uncontrollable decrease in the polyamide molecular weight, likely affected by a high thin-film impurity content, as shown in gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive spectrometer. Transmission electron microscope image showed that a thin film grew on both studied polymer particles, and that subsequent melt-compounding was successful, producing well dispersed ribbon-like titanium dioxide with the titanium dioxide filler content ranging from 0.06 to 1.12wt%. Even though we used nanofillers with a high aspect ratio, they had only a minor effect on the tensile and flexural properties of the polystyrene nanocomposites. The mechanical behavior of polyamide nanocomposites was more complex because of the molecular weight degradation. Our approach here to form polymeric nanocomposites is one way to tailor ceramic nanofillers and form homogenous polymer nanocomposites with minimal work-related risks in handling powder form nanofillers. However, further research is needed to gauge the commercial potential of ALD-created nanocomposite materials.


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Mutations in the small heat shock proteins α-crystallins have been linked to autosomal dominant cataracts in humans. Extensive studies in vitro have revealed a spectrum of alterations to the structure and function of these proteins including shifts in the size of the oligomer, modulation of subunit exchange and modification of their affinity to client proteins. Although mouse models of these mutants were instrumental in identifying changes in cellular proliferation and lens development, a direct comparative analysis of their effects on lens proteostasis has not been performed. Here, we have transgenically expressed cataract-linked mutants of αA- and αB-crystallin in the zebrafish lens to dissect the underlying molecular changes that contribute to the loss of lens optical properties. Zebrafish lines expressing these mutants displayed a range of morphological lens defects. Phenotype penetrance and severity were dependent on the mutation even in fish lines lacking endogenous α-crystallin. The mechanistic origins of these differences were investigated by the transgenic co-expression of a destabilized human γD-crystallin mutant. We found that the R49C but not the R116C mutant of αA-crystallin promoted aggregation of γD-crystallin, although both mutants have similar affinity to client proteins in vitro. Our working model attributes these differences to the propensity of R49C, located in the buried N-terminal domain of αA-crystallin, to disulfide crosslinking as previously demonstrated in vitro. Our findings complement and extend previous work in mouse models and emphasize the need of investigating chaperone/client protein interactions in appropriate cellular context.


In this Letter, we report a quantitative analysis of the n-type doping occurring at SiO2/4H-SiC interfaces during post-deposition-annealing (PDA) in N2O or POCl3 of a 45 nm thick oxide. In particular, a nanoscale characterization using scanning capacitance microscopy on the cross section of metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors allowed to determine the electrically active nitrogen and phosphorous concentration under the SiO2 layer after PDA in N2O and POCl3, i.e., 5 × 1017 cm−3 and 4.5 × 1018 cm−3, respectively. The technological implications have been discussed considering the possible impact of a PDA-induced "counter doping" of the p-type body region of a n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor-field-effect-transistor on the device threshold voltage.


: 04 Jan 2015 K E Y W O R D S: Open Access Dataset Brain Diseases Disease Models Data Sharing A B S T R A C T Neurological and psychiatric disorders are considered major public health prob-lems associated with a significant number of suffering patients and an enormous socioeconomic burden to societies. Therefore, significant research funds have been allocated towards improving outcomes of patients suffering from brain disorders. In recent years, researchers have been facing a constantly growing worldwide pressure to make their datasets freely and readily available to other researchers and the public. The major goal of this movement is to allow re-use of already collected data in order to facilitate medical progress. There are numer-ous ways that clinical neuroscience researchers and research organizations commonly employ to make their databases available. Institutional databases and publicly available research and clinical data repositories and registries are the most common ways to share data among researchers and organizations in order to facilitate collaboration. In addition, numerous traditional neuroscience peer reviewed journals have implemented various data sharing policies. Furthermore, a few traditional clinical neuroscience peer review journals have recently started accepting dataset papers. Finally, there is a constantly growing number of data-base journals which accept clinical neuroscience research datasets for publica-tion. Potential for improving of citation metrics is among the important ad-vantages for authors considering publishing their databases in dataset journals.