A retrospective analysis of the morphology and signal behaviour of T1, proton and T2-weighted spin-echo sequences has been carried out on 21 haemangiomas and 2 lymphangiomas of the peripheral soft tissues which had been examined by MRT. In 11 cases the diagnosis was confirmed histologically and in 12 by angiography. The majority of haemangiomas (19 cases) and both lymphangiomas showed hyperintense signals on T2-weighted spin-echo sequences; 2 lesions did not conform to this behaviour. MRT was a sensitive method for demonstrating vessels with high flow velocities so that it was possible to distinguish high flow haemangiomas by MRT. Apart from one thrombosed haemangioma, all 9 haemangiomas examined with iv Gd-DTPA showed homogeneous contrast uptake except for vessels with high flow velocities. One lymphangioma examined with iv Gd-DTPA was characterised by non-homogeneous contrast uptake.


Sanchez (2005) proposed the future leading communicator as: "the true professional [who] will be an adroit strategist, a creative technician and a skilled facilitator – a friend of technology and an exponent of life-long learning. The future is a global voyage into the art and science of communication, where the successful communicator will be like the men and women of the Renaissance, pulling it all together, but in the high tech environment of the 21st century." (pp.10-11)

Since the 1980s, starting from Broom and Dozier's seminal studies on the nature of public relations employment and professionalism, there has been discussion of the career paths, competencies and training needs of public relations and corporate communication professionals. More recently, the Arthur W. Page Society (2007) has scoped the role of the Chief Communication Officer's role in the Authentic Enterprise which placed the communicator at C-Level (Executive Board) or close to it (the marzipan layer) of the corporation.

The research to be reported in this paper analyses the responses of leading European and international senior-level communicators as to the knowledge, skills, relationships, 360-degree vision, and managerial abilities that senior communications professionals will need in five years' time, and what it takes to prepare the next generation of leaders in globally integrated organizations.

The paper will also reflect on recent academic and practice literature about the nature of these competencies and discusses the potential methods and routes of their delivery. It will also consider the current operating situation, the challenges facing senior corporate communicators and their future needs.

The outcomes will include recommendations for consideration by educators and employers, especially those operating in cross-cultural environments.


Studies were undertaken to examine the effects of antiestrogens on the growth of two ovarian-autonomous mammary tumors in rats, namely, some dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced and ovarian-autonomous tumors in Sprague-Dawley rats and the ovarian-autonomous R3230AC mammary tumor in Fischer 344 rats. Of the approximately 15% of DMBA-induced tumors that continue to grow upon ovariectomy or antiestrogen treatment (250 µg daily s.c. of U 23,469, cis -(3-[ p -(1,2,3,4,-tetrahydro-6-methoxy-2-phenyl-1-naphthyl)-phenoxy]-1,2-propanediol) in 0.15 m NaCl, almost all fail to have their growth retarded by subsequent antiestrogen treatment or ovariectomy. However, some DMBA-induced tumors whose growth is stabilized by ovariectomy or by antiestrogen treatment may be further benefited by subsequent treatment with the complementary therapy.

Antiestrogen treatment markedly depresses the growth of the ovarian autonomous R3230AC mammary tumor. Administration of the antiestrogen U 23,469, cis (3-[ p (1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-methoxy-2-phenyl-1-naphthyl)phenoxy]-1,2-propanediol) (20 to 250 µg daily s.c. in 0.15 m NaCl) and two related antiestrogens U 11,100A, 1-(2-[ p -(3,4-dihydro-6-methoxy-2-phenyl-1-naphthyl)phenoxy]ethyl)pyrrolidine hydrochloride and Cl628 α-(4-pyrrolidinoethoxy)phenyl-4-methoxy-α′-nitrostilbene, beginning at the time of tumor transplantation into Fischer 344 host rats results in a 2 to 4-fold depression in tumor growth rate, and the degree of growth reduction is related to the dose of antiestrogen. 17β-Estradiol (15 µg) also depresses R3230AC tumor growth, while growth is at or slightly above the control rate in ovariectomized hosts. During this diminished tumor growth by the antiestrogens cis -(3-[ p -(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-methoxy-2-phenyl-1-naphthyl)-phenoxy]-1,2-propanediol) and 1-(2-[ p -(3,4-dihydro-6-methoxy-2-phenyl-1-naphthyl)phenoxy]ethyl)pyrrolidine hydrochloride, cytoplasmic estrogen receptor levels in tumors are below those of the control, and nuclear estrogen receptor levels are elevated. Also, the prolactin and estradiol concentrations in serum do not differ between antiestrogen-treated and control groups. Ovarian-dependent DMBA-induced mammary tumors regressing under antiestrogen treatment show high levels of nuclear and low levels of cytoplasmic estrogen receptor and a marked (approximately 50%) reduction in prolactin receptor level. Ovariectomy also results in a great decrease in the prolactin receptor level of regressing DMBA tumors. These studies document the fact that antiestrogens interact with the estrogen receptor system in R3230AC mammary tumors and slow tumor growth and suggest that antiestrogens may provide palliative benefit in the case of some ovarian-unresponsive but estrogen-sensitive breast cancers.


Over the past decade, dramatic increasing in truck traffic, heavier axle loads, various
environmental impacts and higher tire pressure had contributed to severe pavement
distortions. In Malaysia, permanent deformation (creep deformation) is a continuously
pavement distortion problems which caused by effect of temperature, successive stresses,
excessive high bitumen content from improper mix design and insufficient compaction
during roadway construction. In bituminous mix, fine aggregate's recent trend is using
mining sand. Comparison in term of performance towards creep deformation between
marine sand and mining sand as fine aggregate are key purpose for the study. For
experiments, aggregate gradation are done for coarse aggregate; granite, fine aggregate;
marine sand and mining sand as well as filler; ordinary Portland cement. It is to
determine the percentages of material used for making Marshall Mix sample. After
conducting Marshall Mix design, stability tests is conducted upon each of sample to
determine the optimum bitumen content by plotting graph of stability, density and void in
mineral aggregate versus binder content. Dynamic creep test is performed to compare the
performance of both samples. The result revealed that marine sand reaching stages of
failures is twice as much compared with mining sand. It proves that usage of marine sand
in bituminous mix increased its resistance towards permanent deformation (creep
deformation).


Nowadays, food security continues to be a huge problem, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper tries to analyse the problem of food security from the point of view of food regime analysis. The implementation of the different food regimes in Mauritania has had important consequences for the country's food security because it has generated an increasing dualism between consumption patterns and provisioning systems in rural and urban areas. The Mauritanian case allows us to note that the European model to achieve the food security existing in the Second Food Regime did not apply in countries such as Mauritania. Moreover, Mauritania shows us that the proposal for food security in the Third Food Regime, that is, the access to the food world markets, has not been able to mitigate the food insecurity of the country.


To the Editor.— The concluding comment of Anderson et al 1 in their article "Pemphigus and other diseases" reads "These findings show that false positive patterns for pemphigus may be encountered in the IIF (indirect immunofluorescent) technique." The basic fallacy in this comment is that IIF technique they refer to is their own, not the group of techniques employed by ourselves and others who have obtained results comparable to ours. We may consider the divergent results from three points of view: (1) the nature of the divergence; (2) a few of the major technical problems that may be involved; and (3) workshop conferences and performance testing programs that can serve to make reliable and meaningful diagnostic immunofluorescent tests for pemphigus and other bullous diseases more widely available. Before considering these three points, some philosophic comments are in order. In an earlier report from the same laboratory (A21) * no intercellular staining


For the digitized enterprise the proper handling of the temporal aspects of its business processes is vital. Delivery times, appointments and deadlines must be met, processing times and durations be monitored, and optimization objectives shall be pursued. However, contemporary Process-Aware Information Systems (PAISs)--the go-to solution for the computer-aided support of business processes—still lack a sophisticated support of the time perspective. Hence, there is a high demand for a more profound support of temporal aspects in PAISs. Accordingly, both the specification and the operational support of temporal aspects constitute fundamental challenges for the further development and dissemination of PAISs. The aim of this thesis is to propose a framework for supporting the time perspective of business processes in PAISs. As PAISs enable the design, execution and evolution of business processes, the designated framework must support these three fundamental phases of the process life cycle.

The ATAPIS framework proposed by this thesis essentially comprises three major com-ponents.

First, a universal and comprehensive set of time patterns is provided. Respective time patterns represent temporal concepts commonly found in business processes and are based on empirical evidence. In particular, they provide a universal and comprehensive set of notions for describing temporal aspects in business processes. Moreover, a precise formal semantics for each of the time patterns is provided based on an in-depth analysis of a large set of real-world use cases. Respective formal semantics enable the proper integration of the time patterns into PAISs. In turn, the latter will allow for the specification of time-aware process schemas.

Second, a generic framework for implementing the time patterns based on their formal semantics is developed. The framework and its techniques enable the verification of time-aware process schemas regarding their temporal consistency, i. e., their ability to be successfully executed without violating any of their temporal constraints. Subsequently, the framework is extended to consider advanced aspects like the contingent nature of activity durations and alternative execution paths as well. Moreover, an algorithm as well as techniques for executing and monitoring time-aware process instances in PAISs is provided. Based on the presented concepts, it becomes possible to ensure that a time-aware process instance may be executed without violating any of its temporal constraints.

Third, a set of change operations for dynamically modifying time-aware process instances during run time is suggested. Respective change operations ensure that a modified time-aware process instance remains temporally consistent after the respective modification. Moreover, to reduce the complexity involved when applying multiple change operations a sophisticated approximation-based technique is presented. Overall, the developed change operations allow providing the flexibility required by business processes in practice.

Altogether, the ATAPIS framework provides fundamental concepts, techniques and algorithms for integrating the time perspective into PAISs. As beauty of this framework the specification, execution and evolution of business processes is supported by an integrated approach.


A crucial step in the logic-control design for flexible manufacturing systems is the modeling of the desired behavior in terms of production sequences. These are typically expressed as a series of informal specifications which are to be translated into a formal model. The present paper introduces a Petri net-based methodology for the modeling of production sequences conceived as an incremental process, which progressively adds subnets to a partial model until all specifications have been included. A formal verification of the model is performed at every stage, so that specifications, which are incongruent with the current model and can jeopardize its correctness, can be detected and rejected or modified. No unnecessary modeling constraints are imposed on the model class and behaviors characterized by complex alternative-parallel relationships between operations can be represented. A specific algorithm is provided for the automatic synthesis of complex connection structures in the model, allowing for greater flexibility and complexity in the design process. Note to practitioners - Petri-net (PN) models can be effectively used in the development and validation of industrial logic-control systems as long as well-structured modeling techniques are available that can be easily automated in a computer-aided design environment. This paper introduces a structured and modular novel design methodology based on PNs, which constructs the logic-control model in an incremental fashion, taking progressively into account the user's product-flow specifications, in terms of composition constraints on the operation execution. Each step of the design process increases the model according to rules which guarantee that it holds specific well-definiteness properties. In particular, the methodology prevents possible design mistakes from leading to deadlocks. From a practical point of view, the design process fits the step-by-step specification method that is commonly adopted quite well, with the great advantage of having immediate feedback on the formal correctness of the model at each step. Also, given a suitable implementation in software packages, the interaction with the user does not require specific knowledge of PNs. The actual control logic can then be obtained by adding the resource model to the product-flow model and detailing operations.


Nickel-chromium alloy 718 has a wide range of uses in aerospace, defence, automotive, and civil engineering, among other fields. Using the Abrasive Water Jet Machining (AWJM) method to cut Inconel 718 and optimising parameters such as Abrasive mass flow rate (AMFR), Stand of Distance (SOD), and Traverse Speed, this study aims to reduce surface roughness and kerf angle (TS). Then 9 samples were chosen from a total of 27 for analysis. The machined material is subjected to CMM and surface roughness inspections in order to get the best surface roughness and kerf width values. With the aid of Grey Relation Analysis (GRA) and ANOVA, the characteristic change is tabulated and a graph is displayed. The Surface Roughness rating has been decreased from 3.489 µ m to 4.687 µ m. Similarly, the kerf width value has been decreased from 1.983 mm to 2.559 mm. AWJM is an excellent choice for Because of its better physical and mechanical qualities, metal matrix is rapidly being employed in different applications such as space, aircraft, marine, architectural, and car sectors, despite their higher cost.


This paper sets out to investigate military physicians' perceptions and usage regarding a mobile medical information system during their military service in the Finnish Defence Forces. Data were gathered in September and December of 2005 by two semi-structured surveys. The military physicians (n=31) had positive perceptions of the mobile system, and have used it in their daily military training. They showed a few negative opinions on the usefulness of the system in the real military field conditions and crisis situations. They favoured using the mobile system to support their learning and training, and keep their medical knowledge up-to-date anywhere and anytime. Insights of the findings and implications for system improvement are discussed.


Stacked image sensor systems combine an image sensor, memory, and processors using 3D technology. Stacking camera components that have traditionally been packaged separately provides several benefits: very high bandwidth out of the image sensor, allowing for higher frame rates; very low latency, providing opportunities for image processing and computer vision algorithms which can adapt at very high rates; and lower power consumption. This paper will review the characteristics of stacked image sensor systems and discuss novel algorithmic and systems concepts that are made possible by these stacked sensors.


With an increased human impact, natural resources are under great pressure. Deforestation is one effect of this, and the largest threat against biodiversity.. Changes in tropical habitats is a major concern for conservation biologists, due to its high biodiversity and rapid decreased area. Recently, developmental activities and habitat destruction have caused a major decline in the abundance of the terrestrial mega-fauna.This is especially evident in areas with a high human population and a rich mega-fauna as in India. The purpose of this project was to determine the land-use cover change (LUCC) in the area of Karbi Anglong, which lies in the middle of Assam, India. This was done by identifying different vegetation types from satellite images, from the years 1992, 2002 and 2011 using a remote sensing application (ERDAS) and ArcGIS. Interviews in the area werealso operated, and data about how animal use the corridors were used along with registered human-tiger conflicts. The results show that during the first period, a total of 360 km2 of the area changed vegetation type, mostly due to an increase of agricultural areas. The second largest change (79 km2) was an increase of moist mixed deciduous forest which seems to have taken over some of the semi evergreen forest's previous area. If that is the case it is most likely an effect of selective logging from the local people, who use fire wood as fuel.All in all, there has been a great habitat loss along withfragmentation of the landscape. The conflict data shows that tigers are present between the core areas, and the interviews show that the migrations of other animals are also common.To maintain the high ecological values in Karbi Anglong, it is of great importance to maintain connectivity between core areas and stop further habitat loss and fragmentation.


Objective: To evaluate Immunophenotyping patterns in Mixed-Phenotype Acute Leukemias (MPAL).Study Design: Descriptive study.Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the department of Hematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Rawalpindi, from 1st Jan 2013 to 31st Jan 2017.Material and Methods: After taking informed consent from the patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria, detailed history was taken and blood samples were drawn for blood complete picture. The patients suspected to have acute leukemia were subjected to bone marrow examination (aspiration and trephine biopsy) for further cytochemical staining (SBB) and Immunophenotyping.Results: Total 680 new cases of acute leukemias on initial workup of either gender age were included. Patients of other haematological disorders were excluded from the study. Among 680 new cases of acute leukaemia, 23(3.4%) cases were of MPAL immunophenotyping using scoring system proposed by EGIL (European Group for the Immunological Characterization of Leukemias) classification. Among MPAL, 19(83%) cases were Biphenotypic [13(57%) cases of My/B-ALL, 5(22%) cases of My/T-ALL, and 1(4%) case of T/B-ALL]. 4(17%) cases wereBilineage (My/B-ALL). Most of the cases were diagnosed at less than 10 years of age.Conclusion: My/B-ALL is the most common immunophenotype followed by My/T-ALL. Therefore immunophenotyping is indispensable for diagnosis and for therapy decisions of MPAL.


ABSTRACT To study fundamental aspects of RNA recombination, an in vivo RNA recombination system was established. This system allowed the efficient generation of recombinant cytopathogenic pestiviruses after transfection of synthetic, nonreplicatable, subgenomic transcripts in cells infected with a replicating noncytopathogenic virus. Studies addressing the interplay between RNA recombination and replication revealed that cotransfection of noninfected cells with various pairs of nonreplicatable RNA derivatives also led to the emergence of recombinant viral genomes. Remarkably, homologous and nonhomologous recombination occurred between two overlapping transcripts, each lacking different essential parts of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene. Apart from the generally accepted viral replicative copy choice recombination, our results prove the existence of a viral RdRp-independent mechanism of RNA recombination that occurs in vivo. It appears likely that such a mechanism not only contributes to the evolution of RNA viruses but also leads to the generation of recombinant cellular RNAs.


Through the experiment, this paper carries on the appraisal to the cracking risk of cross-sea bridge concrete. Analyzed the influence of active admixture, sand ratio, cement content and water-cement ratio to the cracked degree of concrete. And proposed control measure of the plastic shrinkage cracking of concrete. Finally, through research to the concrete used in pile cap of the Shanghai Yangtze River Bridge, it obtains that all can be allowed to reduce the cracking risk of concrete by reducing active admixture, increasing to fly ash amount, reducing sand ratio, the slag powder has little effect the cracking risk of concrete, the silica fume can increase the cracking risk of concrete.


Carboxysomes are compartments in bacterial cells that promote efficient carbon fixation by sequestering RubisCO and carbonic anhydrase within a protein shell that impedes CO2 escape. The key to assembling this protein complex is CcmM, a multidomain protein whose C-terminal region is required for RubisCO recruitment. This CcmM region is built as a series of copies (generally 3–5) of a small domain, CcmMS, joined by unstructured linkers. CcmMS domains have weak, but significant, sequence identity to RubisCO's small subunit, RbcS, suggesting that CcmM binds RubisCO by displacing RbcS. We report here the 1.35-Å structure of the first Thermosynechococcus elongatus CcmMS domain, revealing that it adopts a compact, well-defined structure that resembles that of RbcS. CcmMS, however, lacked key RbcS RubisCO-binding determinants, most notably an extended N-terminal loop. Nevertheless, individual CcmMS domains are able to bind RubisCO in vitro with 1.16 μm affinity. Two or four linked CcmMS domains did not exhibit dramatic increases in this affinity, implying that short, disordered linkers may frustrate successive CcmMS domains attempting to simultaneously bind a single RubisCO oligomer. Size-exclusion chromatography–coupled right-angled light scattering (SEC-RALS) and native MS experiments indicated that multiple CcmMS domains can bind a single RubisCO holoenzyme and, moreover, that RbcS is not released from these complexes. CcmMS bound equally tightly to a RubisCO variant in which the α/β domain of RbcS was deleted, suggesting that CcmMS binds RubisCO independently of its RbcS subunit. We propose that, instead, the electropositive CcmMS may bind to an extended electronegative pocket between RbcL dimers.


Lung carcinoma is the most common and aggressive malignant tumor with poor clinical outcome. Identification of new marker of lung cancer is essential for the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. To identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and find associated pathways that may function as targets of lung cancer. Gene expression profiling of GSE40791 were downloaded from GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus), including 100 normal specimens and 94 lung cancer samples. The DEGs were screened out by LIMMA package in R language. Besides, novel genes associated with lung cancer were identified by co-expression analysis. Then, GO enrichment and transcription binding site analysis were performed on these DEGs, and novel genes were predicted using DAVID. Finally, PPI network was constructed by String software in order to get the hub codes involved in cancer carcinoma. A total of 541 DEGs were filtered out between normal samples and patients with lung carcinoma, including 155 up-regulated genes and 386 down-regulated genes. Additionally, nine novel genes, CA4, CDC20, CHRDL1, DLGAP5, EMCN, GPM6A, NUSAP1, S1PR1 and TCF21, were figured out. The transcription biding site analysis showed that these genes were regulated by LHX3, HNF3B, CDP, HFH1, FOXO4, STAT, SOX5, MEF2, FOXO3 and SRY. Hub codes as BUB1B, MAD2L and TOP2A may play as target genes in lung carcinoma in the result of PPI network analysis. Newly predicted genes and hub codes can perform as target genes for diagnose and clinical therapy of lung cancer.