This work aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic potential against cancer cells of Passiflora genus plant species cultivated in Brazil and identify the mechanism of cytotoxicity induced by the most promising extract. Leaf extracts from 14 Passiflora (P.) species were obtained ASE and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluated against cancer cell lines using MTT assay at a single concentration of 50 μg/mL. Additionally, the IC50 of the P. alata (ELPA) leaf extracts was determined against both tumor (HCT-116, SF-295, OVACAR-8, and HL-60), and non-tumor cells (PBMC). The ELPA flavonoids were identified by HPLC-DAD and UHPLC-MS/MS. The morphological analyses used light and fluorescence microscopy, and cell cycle and DNA fragmentation analyses used flow cytometry to determine the mechanism of cell death induced by ELPA in HL-60. Among the Passiflora leaf extracts evaluated; ELPA stood out with high cytotoxic activity, followed by P. capsularis and P. quadrangulares with varying high and low cytotoxic activity. ELPA presented high cytotoxic potency in HL-60 (IC50 19.37 μg/mL), yet without cytotoxic activity against PBMC, suggesting selectivity for tumor cells. The cytotoxic activity of ELPA may well be linked to the presence of ten identified flavonoids. Cells treated with ELPA presented the hallmarks typical of apoptosis and necrosis, with cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Conclusion: From among the studied species, ELPA presented greater cytotoxic activity, possibly a consequence of synergistic flavonoid action which induces cell death by apoptosis and necrosis.


Testing a Model of Black Cultural Strength Using Structural Equation Modeling Veronica Elaine Johnson The present study examined a model of Black Cultural Strength and its relation to psychosocial health (N = 496). The purpose of the current study was to test a model of Black Cultural Strength, an interdependent combination of Black racial identity, communalism, cultural spirituality, positive racial socialization, and effective racism-related coping. Further, the study sought to understand if Black Cultural Strength could predict psychosocial health, a combination of life satisfaction and psychological well-being. The Black Cultural Strength model, which was tested through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), hypothesized that higher levels of Black Cultural Strength lead to increased self-reported psychological well-being and life satisfaction. Results from this study indicated that Black Americans' levels of mature racial identity, exposure to positive racial socialization (preparation for bias and cultural socialization), effective racismrelated coping (constrained resistance, empowered action, confrontation, and spiritual coping), culturally-based spirituality, and communalism were all interdependent and loaded onto one factor, Black Cultural Strength. Further, results showed that Black Cultural Strength was positively predictive of Blacks' psychosocial health. Although the proposed hypotheses were supported, and an overall acceptable model fit was found, two modifications were made to the original proposed model. These modifications were conducted with theory and past empirical findings in consideration, therefore the current study provides strong evidence to support that interdependent Black cultural values are positively predictive of psychosocial health. Limitations, clinical implications, and further directions of research are discussed.


The paper is concerned with the solution of nonlinear ill-posed problems by methods that utilize the second derivative. A general predictor-corrector approach is developed; one which avoids solving quadratic equations during the iteration process. Combining regularization of each iteration step with an adequate stopping condition leads to a general regularization scheme for nonlinear equations. Possible implementations and discussion of the performance of this method are illustrated by applications to some well-known inverse problems.


Two important issues regarding international market entry strategy remain largely unexplored: international launch time window (the elapsed time between product launch in the home country and launch in the focal country) and country sequence. First, I investigate the factors that drive international launch time window and its impact on the performance of new products in foreign markets. The results show that launch time window is positively associated with word of mouth, but negatively related to prelaunch advertising efforts and foreign demand potential. Second, I examine the determinants of the sequence of countries in which firms introduce new products and its impact on performance in foreign countries. The findings include that a country?s order in the international launch sequence of a new product affects the product?s performance in that country. Country order is negatively related to country revenues. A country?s cultural distance (economic openness) is positively (negatively) associated with its order in the sequence. I also find that there is cross-country spillover effect - lagged revenues from other countries and lagged marketing efforts in the home country are positively related to a new product?s revenues in the focal foreign country. The more culturally sensitive a product, the earlier culturally closer countries are in the launch sequence for that product. Based on the cross-country performance spillover effects, I recommend a launch sequence that can maximize overall performance in foreign markets.


Growth in private non-mining business investment has been quite subdued over the past few years relative to the cyclical upswings seen in the 1980s and 1990s. Part of this weakness can be explained by cyclical factors that affect investment – such as a more moderate pace of growth in the output of, and demand for, non-mining goods and services. Further, the increasing importance of sectors of the economy that require less physical capital is likely to have weighed on non-mining investment in recent years. Nonetheless, non-mining investment is expected to pick up over time, supported by a gradual increase in the growth of domestic demand and accommodative monetary conditions.


We examined the response of nesting greater sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis tabida) to research-related activities at Grays Lake, Idaho, during 1997–2000. Data were collected on >500 crane nests from 53 fields that were exposed to variable levels of research activity, from fields subjected to only periodic searches for and monitoring of crane nests (crane-only fields) to fields subjected to periodic searches for and monitoring of all waterbird nests as well as breeding bird surveys, nocturnal amphibian surveys, and other research-related activities (multi-use fields). For each nest, we calculated the visit rate to the field during the period the nest was known to be active (hereafter field visit rate) as the number of observer visits to a field while the nest was known to be active divided by the number of exposure days of the nest. The median field visit rate for all years was 0.188 visits/day, which would equate to 5.6 visits over the course of a 30-day incubation period. Length of field visits for most activities averaged 93–155 min. Of known responses, most (83.7%) cranes were flushed, but actual frequency of flushing (considering unknown responses as not flushed) was likely ~30%. Frequency of flushing for known responses was highest during nest searches (89.4%) and nest checks (87.9%) and lower during bird surveys (68.1%) and other activities (54.3%). Half of cranes that were observed to flush did so when the investigator was between 20 and 80 m away (25 and 75% quartiles, respectively; median = 32.5 m). Median flushing distances tended to be greatest for nests located in very short vegetation, but the response differed between cranes nesting in multiuse fields and cranes nesting in crane-only fields. We found no relationship between flushing distance and number of field visits. We examined the effects of field visit rate and year on nest survival using logistic-exposure approach and Akaike's Information Criterion to evaluate support for 3 models. The model including field and year was most supported by the data; we found no support for field visit rate as an important variable explaining nest success. ProcEEDINGS of thE North AmErIcAN crANE WorkShoP 10:98–106


Recent progress in solving quadratic assignment problems QAPs from the QAPLIB Quadratic Assignment Problem Library test set has come from mixed-integer linear or quadratic programming models that are solved in a branch-and-bound framework. Semidefinite programming SDP bounds for QAPs have also been studied in some detail, but their computational impact has been limited so far, mostly because of the restrictive size of the early relaxations. Some recent progress has been made by studying smaller SDP relaxations and by exploiting group symmetry in the QAP data. In this work, we introduce a new SDP relaxation, where the matrix variables are only of the order of the QAP dimension, and we show how one may exploit group symmetry in the problem data for this relaxation. We also provide a detailed numerical comparison with related bounds from the literature. In particular, we compute the best-known lower bounds for two QAPLIB instances.


Patient call-light usage and nurse responsiveness to call lights are two intertwined concepts that could affect patients' safety during hospital stays. Little is known about the relationship between call-light usage and call-light response time. Consequently, this exploratory study examined the relationship between the patient-initiated call-light use rate and the nursing staff's average call-light response time in a Michigan community hospital. It used hospital archived data retrieved from the call-light tracking system for the period from February 2007 through June 2008. Curve estimation regression and multiple regression analyses were conducted. The results showed that the call-light response time was not affected by the total nursing hours or RN hours. The nurse call-light response time was longer when the patient call-light use rate was higher and the average length of stay was shorter. It is likely that a shorter length of stay contributes to the nursing care activity level on the unit because it is associated with a higher frequency of patient admissions/discharges and treatment per patient-day. This suggests that the nursing care activity level on the unit and number of call-light alarms could affect nurse call-light response time, independently of the number of nurses available to respond.


With the deep integration of Internet technology and finance, digital finance has become an indispensable part of inclusive finance and an important driving force for the development of inclusive finance. How inclusive finance affects household wealth under the background of digital penetration has become a hot issue. Based on the advantages of digital finance, this paper compares the differences between traditional and digital inclusive finance, and discusses the mechanism and effect of digital inclusive finance in promoting household wealth.Based on the panel data of China Family Panel Studies(CFPS), this paper finds that digital inclusive finance helps to increase the level of household wealth, and has greater inclusiveness and a stronger leverage effect than traditional finance. This conclusion is further confirmed by 2SLS test with "geographical distance" as the instrumental variable. Different business types of digital inclusive finance have different promotion effects. Monetary fund, electronic payment and other business types have obvious promotion effects on the overall household wealth. Insurance, credit, online investment and electronic credit also have certain positive effects on the overall wealth, but the impact is small. According to the results of heterogeneity test, the effect of digital inclusive finance on household wealth in the central and western regions is stronger than that in the eastern regions; the role of digital inclusive finance in promoting the increase of household wealth depends on the family's education level and understanding ability, and has a stronger role in promoting the families with high education level and high understanding ability. The degree of digitalization has a significant negative impact on the overall household wealth, which may be related to the phenomenon of "digital exclusion" in digital inclusive finance. Digital exclusion may weaken the role of digital inclusive finance in promoting the growth of household wealth to a certain extent.The research shows that in order to play the positive role of digital inclusive finance in benefiting the real economy and promoting the growth of household wealth, government departments should promote the deep integration of digital finance and traditional finance, give full play to the respective advantages and characteristics of digital finance and traditional finance, and build a complementary and mutually reinforcing financial service system.This study expands the existing research in three aspects: First, based on the background of digital penetration into the financial field, it examines the mechanism and function of digital inclusive finance on household wealth. Second, it compares and tests the differences between digital inclusive finance and traditional inclusive finance in promoting household wealth. Third, it tries to use geographical distance as an instrumental variable to overcome endogeneity and carry out comprehensive heterogeneity analysis.


Fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations have been performed on the ferroelectric liquid crystal compound 9HL, which exhibits de Vries character. Simulations were carried out at a range of temperatures, and both SmA* and SmC* phases were successfully simulated. Experimental trends in orientational order parameter, translational order parameter, layer spacing, and tilt angle were found to be matched by the simulations. The simulations were analysed in the context of multiple reported models developed from the interpretation of experimental data, none of which were found to individually describe the simulated behaviour. Further analysis demonstrated the formation of distinct aromatic and lactate sub-layers in the 9HL simulations. The aromatic sub-layers exhibited tilting behaviour at the SmA*/SmC* transition, whereas alignment within the lactate sub-layers was found to be relatively unchanged, maintaining a SmA-like configuration even in the SmC* phase. This behaviour provides a simple explanation for de Vries behaviour, where only a fraction of the layer structure exhibits an overall tilt in the SmC phase.


Author(s): Qiu, Diana Y. | Advisor(s): Louie, Steven G | Abstract: Quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) semiconductors are the subject of intense research interest as platforms for both developing atomically-thin devices and exploring novel physics. These are atomically-thin structured derived from layered materials with covalent bonding in each layer and weak coupling between layers so that individual monolayers can be easily peeled off. Changes in confinement and screening in reduced dimensions can lead to drastic changes in quasiparticle (QP) and optical properties when compared with bulk materials. In this dissertation, we use ab initio methods based on many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) to explain and predict the QP and optical properties of quasi-2D semiconductors. We describe the QP properties within the GW approximation, for single particle excitations, and the optical properties within the GW plus Bethe Salpeter equation (GW-BSE) approach, for two particle excitations, such as correlated electron-hole pairs, or excitons. We find that, in general, reduced dimensionality results in strong spatial variations in the screening of the Coulomb interaction as well as reduced total screening, allowing for strongly-bound, non-hydrogenic excitons. We then use this understanding to explore how changing the external screening environment through layering and substrate engineering can be used to tune properties of quasi-2D materials. Finally, we perform ab initio calculations of exciton dispersion in quasi-2D and show that the 2D Coulomb interaction can give rise to unusual, massless excitons. This dissertation is organized as follows:In chapter 1, we introduce the theoretical and computational techniques used to compute the QP and optical properties of real materials.In chapter 2, we calculate the QP bandstructure and optical spectrum of monolayer MoS2, a prototypical quasi-2D semiconductor. We find that monolayer MoS2 has very strongly-bound excitons, with binding energies that are two orders of magnitude larger than in the bulk. Moreover, we show that these excitons have excited states that do not follow the commonly used 2D hydrogenic model and that this strongly-bound, non-hydrogenic behavior arises as a consequence of fast spatial variations in the screening environment. For isolated systems, the screening is in fact diminished to zero in the limit of large distances compared to the layer thickness.The inhomogeneous screening found in quasi-low-dimensional systems introduces significant computational challenges because very fine spatial sampling is required to capture this variation in screening. In chapter 3, we develop new computational techniques to sample reciprocal space more efficiently, resulting in more than two orders of magnitude reductions in computational time for GW and GW-BSE calculations on low-dimensional systems.Based on our understanding of screening in MoS2, we then explore how screening from a substrate or capping layer might change the electronic and optical properties in other quasi-2D materials. In a joint experimental study, we find that a bilayer graphene substrate can renormalize the QP band gap and exciton binding energies in monolayer and few-layer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) by as much as 30%. This work is discussed in chapters 4 and 5.In chapter 6, we discuss how the substrate screening effect is even more pronounced in black phosphorene, which has a lower intrinsic screening than TMDs. Consequently, encapsulation, which is commonly used to stabilize the material under ambient conditions, can completely eliminate the presence of bound excitons in few-layer systems, changing the optical spectrum qualitatively as well as quantitatively.Traditional implementations of the GW-BSE approach focus on excitons with zero center-of-mass momentum (Q), since these are the states probed by linear optical probes. However, exciton dispersion--energy as a function of Q--is essential to understanding properties such as exciton dynamics, lifetimes, and the formation of novel phases such as exciton condensates. In chapter 7, we implement GW-BSE for finite Q, and calculate the exciton bandstructure of MoS2. We find that, in general, the exchange interaction in 2D gives rise to a massless dispersion, while in MoS2 and other TMDs in particular, the interplay of the intervalley and intravalley exchange gives rise to a parabolic band and a massless, v-shaped band with a valley quantum phase of winding number two.


IMPORTANCE
Few studies have examined differences in clients' and therapists' perspectives on therapeutic communication; this article contributes to the knowledge base.

OBJECTIVE
To examine clients' and therapists' real-time perceptions of therapeutic communication.

DESIGN
Observational, quantitative, cross-sectional study.

SETTING
Inpatient and outpatient units of a large urban teaching hospital.

PARTICIPANTS
Clients (n = 110) and rehabilitation therapists (n = 38; occupational, physical, and speech).

OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Demographic characteristics, Clinical Assessment of Modes (CAM).

RESULTS
Clients perceived that therapists communicated by instructing more, and therapists reported empathizing more.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
The findings suggest that clients and therapists may perceive therapeutic communication differently. What This Article Adds: This article supports therapists' use of the CAM to examine multiple perspectives on their communication mode use, as described in the Intentional Relationship Model.


Drawing on defensive attribution theory and gender-role stereotypes, this study examines the influence of Belief in a Just World (BJW) and gender biases in revenge porn victim blaming. Two research questions were addressed (1) Does gender and Just World beliefs have an influence on revenge porn victim blaming? (2) How do victim blaming levels in revenge porn differ across the observer's gender and perpetrator-victim sex. Participants were recruited through social media (N = 340). A 2x1 quasi-experimental design was used where participants were randomly assigned to one of two vignettes that portrayed a revenge porn case: one with female-victim and one with a male-victim. Then participants answered a Victim Blaming Scale and the Global Just World Belief scale. Results indicated that BJW and gender have a significant influence in victim blaming levels. Additionally, there was a negative association between BJW and victim blaming levels. Results also showed that males blame the victim to a greater extent than females and that perpetrator-victim sex does not influence victim blaming levels. Overall, results from the current study highlight the need for educational programs to avoid victims being assess on extra-legal factors.


The observed motion of subcellular particles in fluorescence microscopy image sequences of live cells is generally a superposition of the motion and deformation of the cell and the motion of the particles. Decoupling the two types of movements to enable accurate classification of the particle motion requires the application of registration algorithms. We have developed an intensity-based approach which is based on an optic-flow estimation algorithm for non-rigid registration of multi-channel microscopy image sequences of cell nuclei. First, based on 3D synthetic images we demonstrate that cell nucleus deformations change the observed motion types of particles and that our approach allows to recover the original motion. Second, we have successfully applied our approach to register 2D and 3D real microscopy image sequences. A quantitative comparison with a previous scheme has also been performed.


This thesis explores community education in Ireland in a threefold enquiry examining;
(a) the core meaning which community education holds for practitioners in the field,
(b) how the role of community educators shares a connectedness with liberatory struggle
for social justice, and
(c) what space community education and its educators occupy within its institutional
provider, the Vocational Education Committees (VECs).
Community education in Ireland is a vibrant field of practice operating on the fringes of
mainstream education. Its origins can be traced to the early instructors of the Vocational
Education Committees in the early part of the last century. Women's community education
has shaped the practice in Ireland since the 1970s. The year 2000 marked a significant step
forward in terms of recognition for community education with the publication of the White
Paper on Adult Education.
In this thesis the author draws on his experience working in the community education
sector to engage with other community educators to reflect on the generative themes of
meaning, educator role and institution in this field of practice.
The first aspect of the research explores the meaning of community education from the
practitioner perspective, and finds a clear preference for an empowerment meaning.
However, the findings suggest there is no clear settlement on the meaning of
empowerment, and concludes there is a need to articulate an understanding of
empowerment in the context of a critical analysis of power.
The second aspect of the research concerns the role of the community educator and the
connectedness of this role to a broader liberatory struggle for social justice. Using
Honneth's concept of a struggle for recognition, the findings point to a critical role which is
poorly recognized within the education field in Ireland. A key purpose of the research is to
rediscover the roots of this role in Gramsci's organic intellectuals and Freire's radicals and
reclaim the critical role of the community educator within the Irish education site.
The third aspect of this research examines the space which community education occupies
within its institutional provider, the Vocational Education Committees in Ireland. The
research presents an assessment of the institutional culture of the VECs. The findings recall
the VEC's radical origins, and its later immersion within the mainstream educational
apparatus. Findings point to the tensions between a dominant school ethos and subordinate
community education ethos in the VEC and proposes a critical coalition for the future. The
findings suggest that community education facilitators have a role to play in occupying a
critical space within the VECs.
The unique contribution of this research is that it presents a theorized community education
from the perspective of its workers, the community educators. The research methodology
combines Charmaz's constructivist grounded theory with Freirean liberatory pedagogy.
The result is a unique contribution to a generative grounded theorization of community
education in Ireland today.


The species within the genus Mainwaringia in Littorininae have been recognized as being strongly associated with mangroves; however, their abundance and distribution patterns in mangroves have rarely been reported. In this study, we reported Mainwaringia leithii specimens collected from young, rehabilitated mangroves in Xiamen city as a newly recorded Mainwaringia species in China, based on their DNA barcoding and morphological taxonomy characteristics. The recruitment pattern of this species and its relationships with mangrove species in the early stage of mangrove rehabilitation were also investigated. The snails were mainly collected from the backsides of leaves and from some leaf nodes. Continuous sampling showed the rapid recruitment of M. leithii following mangrove rehabilitation, with a density up to 278 ind m–2 in a 2.5-year-old mangrove site; however, declining densities were observed and snails were only occasionally collected at mangrove sites 4 years after rehabilitation. Aegiceras corniculatum mangroves in shrub form could support a snail abundance higher than that supported by Kandelia obovata mangroves of the same age. The present study suggests that M. leithii could be common in mangrove forests and that intensive changes in its assemblage occurs in the early stage of mangrove rehabilitation. Moreover, the recruitment of M. leithii following mangrove rehabilitation is related to the planting of different mangrove species. The spatio-temporal patterns of M. leithii distribution are likely owing to the variability in habitat characteristics related to mangrove species and stand age. Future studies should give more attention to the ecology of this species in mangrove forests.


Emissions-related particulate matter exposures are thought to be associated with thousands of excess deaths per year, many of which are related to cardiovascular disease. Ultrafine particles contain a large proportion of redox-active organic compounds that can exist in either the vapor or particle phase and are considered SVOCs. After inhalation, these compounds may be responsible for initiating a cascade of oxidative stress and inflammation in the body that can promote atherosclerotic plaque development that can lead to CAD. The goal of this project was to investigate the mechanisms of how exposure to particle associated SVOCs promotes atherosclerosis. ApoE -/- mice, which are prone to developing atherosclerosis, were exposed to unmodified UF CAPs, deCAPs with the SVOC components removed by a thermodenuder, or adjCAPs that was adjusted to match the concentration of deCAPs. Mice were exposed for nine weeks for five hours per day, four days per week at the UC Irvine campus. A control group was exposed to purified, filtered air. A higher percentage of mice exposed to adjCAPs formed arterial plaques compared to deCAPs and air exposed mice. Furthermore there was greater vascular wall thickening and fibrosis in the arteries of mice exposed to CAPs compared to deCAPs. IL-6 was increased in the serum of mice exposed to adjCAPs relative to deCAPs, indicating that the SVOCs are promoting atherosclerosis through a pro-inflammatory mechanism. Furthermore, adjCAPs exposure increased the ratio of LDL to HDL cholesterol, so SVOCs may be related to pro-atherogenic alterations to lipid metabolism. The power in the high frequency component of HRV, a measure of cardiac parasympathetic activity, was acutely reduced in mice exposed to CAPs, and daily changes in HF HRV were associated with the O:C ratio of the UF fraction of CAPs. These associations implicated POA, which comprises a major component of SVOCs, as potentially driving the toxic effects. The attenuation of atherosclerostic plaque formation with deCAPs exposure indicates that SVOCs in CAPs exposures are important contributors to toxic cardiovascular effects and these components deserve consideration in discussions of regulation of primary PM emissions and human exposure reduction strategies to protect public health.


The death of Anna Nicole Smith has highlighted an ancient legal issue -- who decides the place and method of disposal of the bodies of the dead. From antiquity, the law was ordinarily careful to honor the written or oral directions of the deceased. If a decedent did not express a preference, then burial was determined by the surviving spouse, and if there were none by the next of kin. In the Smith case, a dispute arose between her mother and the guardian of her infant daughter over where she would be buried. A Florida court ultimately effectively ignored their arguments and chose the place where Smith clearly orally had said she wanted to be buried. The abstracted article concluded that Kentucky would reach a like result, as there the express wishes of the decedent, testamentary or otherwise, control disposition of a body. Attorneys should encourage their clients to state, preferably in writing but at least orally, their choice for burial arrangements.


NOx is removed from gas by redn. with at. N in a plasma jet at 50-1000 M and 5000-6000 K. The NOx-contg. gas is injected into the plasma jet at 30 m/s resulting in the reaction NO + N = N2 + O. A high redn. degree of NOx is attained with no salt wastes. Thus, a plasma jet was introduced through a nozzle-shaped plasmotron anode into a reactor and mixed with N contg. 0.9-5.2 vol.% NO. The flow rates of the at. N and the N-NO mixt. were 4.9 m3/h and 500 L/h, resp. The residual NO content in the emerging gas was 190 and 4500 ppm for initial NO contents 0.9 and 5.2 vol.%, resp. [on SciFinder (R)]


Objective Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic affecting millions of individuals, killing hundreds of thousands. Although typically described with characteristic symptoms of fever, cough, and shortness of breath, greater understanding of COVID-19 has revealed myriad clinical manifestations. Olfactory dysfunction (OD)—hyposmia and anosmia—has recently been recognized as an important symptom of COVID-19 and increasingly gained traction as a public health tool for identifying COVID-19 patients, in particular otherwise asymptomatic carriers who, unawares, may be major drivers of disease spread. The objective of this study is to review the scientific evidence about anosmia in COVID-19. Data Sources PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Review Methods Comprehensive literature search of primary studies pertinent to the objectives of this review using the chosen data sources. Conclusions Current evidence shows that OD is highly prevalent in COVID-19, with up to 80% of patients reporting subjective OD and objective olfactory testing potentially showing even higher prevalence. OD is frequently accompanied by taste dysfunction. Up to 25% of COVID-19 patients may experience sudden-onset OD as the first symptom. A large proportion of COVID-19 OD cases may resolve over the period of a few weeks. Implications for Practice Sudden anosmia should be considered a symptom of COVID-19. Assessing for sudden-onset anosmia may increase sensitivity of COVID-19 screening strategies, in particular for identifying patients at the earliest stages of disease. Since many cases of OD due to COVID-19 may resolve in the short term, conservative management, including observation, is reasonable, while advanced imaging is unnecessary.


Background and Aims: Patient absconding is a major health issue with economic, social, and health costs and consequences. The present study aimed to investigate the absconding rate from a emergency department and its financial burden in a public hospital in Tehran, IRAN. Materials and Methods: This retrospective and descriptive study was carried out in the emergency department of a large public and teaching hospital in Tehran. Data were collected using the absconded patient records from 23 September 2013 to 22 September 2014. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Concerns about medical ethics, including patient's confidentiality and hospital name were observed at all stages of study. Results: The results of this study indicate that 774 patients had left the hospital without permission or a notice to staff, so the absconding rate in this study was about 2.4 percent. Young, male, married and uninsured patients were more absconded. Average billing per absconded patient was 1,449,738 Iranian Rials (IRR). The hospital was consequently incurred financial losses amounted to 1,122,097,212 IRR as a result of patient absconding. Conclusion: In order to preventing and reducing the abscond rate, the following strategies are recommended: the identification of high-risk patients for further care, regular monitoring of emergency departments, good communication and interaction with the patient and his family, introducing the discharge against medical advice (DAMA) policy to patients, accurate recording of patient information to reduce the risk of abscond or access to him/her after the absconding. Key words : Patient Absconding, Emergency Department, Retrospective Study *Corresponding


Starting from an introduction on ecocriticism the work traces the development of the idea and the representations of nature in the ancient world which so much influenced the Middle Ages; it focuses on the English world by offering an interpretation of the natural world in Beowulf, and draws conclusion on possible eco-oriented ideas of the relationship between humans and the natural world in the ancient Classic and in the Anglo-Saxon worlds. Then the work surveys representations of the natural world in the English Literature of the Middle Ages, considering the fundamental influence of the 12th century philosophical ideas and also offering various examples of different philosophical and cultural approaches to the idea and to the representation of nature and oh humanity's relation with it. From these premises the work finally proceeds to offer an eco-oriented interpretation of some of Chaucer's works: Troilus and Criseyde, the House of Fame, the Parlement of Foules, and a small selection from the Canterbury Tales. The study of these works shows how Chaucer, albeit not deeply or exclusively involved with the specific matter of an "ecological" idea of the relationship between humanity and nature (also due to the fact that culture in the Middle Ages was seen as a composite but at the same time monolithic system, with little disciplinary specialization), was definitely interested in the subject and in his portrait of human interior and social life both on an individual and on a collective level, he does not miss the chance to exhort his audience to keep an ethical behavior not only toward the other humans, but toward the natural world itself, which is the source for human life and human imagination alike.


The adoption of new-type urbanization strategy is an important decision for the ongoing integrated and coordinated urban and rural development in China, and it is a must for the modernization of China as well. The realization of new-type urbanization will have great significance to China's economic and social development. This paper will discuss this new-type urbanization theory for China from perspectives including concept of new-type urbanization, meanings of its realization and key issues to be solved.


Water table depth (WTD), soil texture, and growing season weather conditions all play critical roles in determining agricultural yield; however, the interactions among these three variables have never been explored in a systematic way. Using a combination of field observations and biophysical modeling, we answer two questions: (1) under what conditions can a shallow water table provide a groundwater yield subsidy and/or penalty to corn production?; and (2) how do soil texture and growing season weather conditions influence the relationship between WTD and corn yield?. Subfield‐scale yield patterns during a dry (2012) and wet (2013) growing season are used to identify sensitivity to weather. Areas of the field that are negatively impacted by wet growing seasons have the shallowest observed WTD (<1 m), while areas with consistently strong yield have intermediate WTD (1–3 m). Parts of the field that perform consistently poorly are characterized by deep WTD (>3 m) and coarse soil textures. Modeling results find that beneficial impacts of shallow groundwater are more common than negative impacts under the conditions studied, and that the optimum WTD is shallower in coarser soils. While groundwater yield subsidies have a higher frequency and magnitude in coarse‐grained soils, the optimum WTD responds to growing season weather at a relatively constant rate across soil types. We conclude that soil texture defines a baseline upon which WTD and weather interact to determine overall yield. Our work has implications for water resource management, climate/land use change impacts on agricultural production, and precision agriculture.


The development of efficient, low-cost, and durable electrocatalysts toward both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of great significance for overall water splitting associated with renewable energy conversion and storage. Carbon-based nanomaterials have been widely employed as electrocatalysts for the independent HER or OER; however, research on bifunctional metal-free electrocatalysts for water splitting is still in its infancy and remains a formidable challenge to develop highly active catalysts for future applications. Here we report a highly active defect-rich, carbon-based, bifunctional metal-free water splitting electrocatalyst, prepared by a template approach, in which a nitrogen-enriched polydopamine analogue is used as the carbon precursor. The resultant defect-rich porous carbon (DRPC) exhibits a large specific surface area with a hierarchically micro/mesoporous structure and a high nitrogen doping content with rich pyridinic N. Accordingly, the newly developed DRPC electrocatalysts display superb bifunctional catalytic activities for both the HER and the OER in alkaline solution, outperforming all other reported metal-free catalysts. Significantly, the DRPC catalyst couple-based alkaline water electrolyzer with strong durability delivers a 10 mA cm−2 overall water splitting current at a considerably low voltage of 1.74 V, and a demonstration of a self-powered electrochemical water splitting system is also presented, highlighting its great potential for practical applications.


This document specifies an IP-based encapsulation for MPLS, called
MPLS-in-UDP for situations where UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
encapsulation is preferred to direct use of MPLS, e.g., to enable UDP-
based ECMP (Equal-Cost Multipath) or link aggregation. The MPLS- in-
UDP encapsulation technology must only be deployed within a single
network (with a single network operator) or networks of an adjacent
set of cooperating network operators where traffic is managed to avoid
congestion, rather than over the Internet where congestion control is
required. Usage restrictions apply to MPLS-in-UDP usage for traffic
that is not congestion controlled and to UDP zero checksum usage with
IPv6.


Zinc oxide surge arresters using zinc oxide (ZnO) elements have been widely used for insulation coordination in the world's power systems. These ZnO elements have basically reference voltage of about 200 V/mm. Recently, new ZnO elements having about 1.5, 2 times high voltage gradient zinc oxide element have been developed. This paper describes applications of high voltage gradient 300 V/mm ZnO elements to high performance porcelain type surge arresters and oil immersed surge arresters, and 300 V/mm or 400 V/mm ZnO elements to gas insulated tank type surge arresters for power systems. Adequate selection of voltage gradient of ZnO elements makes more compact design of the surge arresters.


ABSTRACT Sand and silt interbeds in cores from the continental slope, rise and abyssal plain of the Gulf of Mexico, may be composed of either detrital or carbonate sediments. Because of the insensitivity of the detrital minerals to transport distance and environment, the sand and silt interbeds from the deep portions of the Gulf may be related to specific source areas on the continental shelf. These source areas include (1) the Mississippi, (2) the Rio Grande, and (3) the rivers of northeast Mexico. Vertical variations in mineralogy show no significant trend with increasing depth in any core, indicating that relative contributions from each source remained constant. Carbonate sands and silts of the abyssal plain were derived from the shallow waters of the Campeche Shelf. Transportation along t e axis of the Campeche Canyon carried these shelf carbonates northward into deeper water areas. in some instances through the medium of turbidity currents.


Objectives: Although ionizing radiation is recognized as being harmful to humans, debate continues regarding the effects of low doses of ionizing radiation. Some studies have reported that low doses of ionizing radiation have a bio-positive effect, namely hormesis, and many researchers have attempted to find concrete and scientific evidence to prove this. To determine whether the discrepancy in effects of low doses of ionizing radiation arises from genetic differences, a study with a multicellular organism system such as fruit flies is needed. Methods: After irradiation at a low-dose rate of gamma radiation with chronic (0.2 Gy) and acute (0.2, 0.75 and 4 Gy), the pupa rate, eclosion rate and life span were examined with various wild type strains of Drosophila melanogaster such as W1118, Oregon-R, and Canton-S. Results: The life span of Oregon-R exposed to both acute and chronic, low-dose radiation (0.2 Gy) was increased. Although there was some difference in the longevity between the acute and chronic radiation rate, no other differences were found. In Canton-S, only acute dose (0.75 Gy) increased the life span, but it did not in W1118. Conclusions: Although there were some differences between wild type fruit fly strains in longevity, the low doses of ionizing radiation extended the life span of D. melanogaster. Further studies need to be carried out to explain the difference according to dose and dose rate of radiation in the tested strains.


This report is part of Work Package 2 of the research project entitled "Combating Inequalities through Innovative Social Practices of and for Young People in Cities across Europe" (CITISPYCE). CITI ...


The rat frontal brain cortex and CAr hippocampal region were studied on the 4th day after 10-min complete ischemia. It has been established that the number of "dark" osmiophilic neurons was increased. The reparative, destructive and adaptive processes in cells were observed. The most prominent destructive changes were found in CAr hippocampal region, they can be associated with the microcirculatory disturbances. The hypertrophic thread-like mitochondria appear in the nervous and glial cells, with the quantity of lipofuscin granules increasing. Lipofuscin and hypertrophic mitochondria are thought to provide energy exchange in the brain cells during the postischemic period, forming one of the mechanisms of intracellular adaptation to hypoxia.


Comment. Coarctation of the aorta of the adult type is a lesion that is not very frequently recorded, there being only 200 in the series referred to in "Nelson's Living Medicine". In 1929, however, Andreesen reported four cases among 17,000 autopsies in Berlin, and if there is even one case among every 17,000 living people the condition must be much more common than has been thought. No doubt many cases are missed; my patient has not had many medical examinations, but he has had a few, and had reached sixty-three years before his condition was detected. No doubt also many cases that are detected are not reported. I must plead guilty to not reporting two cases in my files in which the clinical and radiological findings were typical. One patient was a man, aged thirtynine years, examined in 1939; the other patient, examined in 1943 when aged thirty-one years, was one of the less common female patients and almost certainly had also a patent ductus arteriosus. Among the 200 cases mentioned by Maude E. Abbott in "Nelson's Living Medicine", ten' patients reached the seventh decade and two others lived beyond seventy years, one of these two dying at the age of ninety-two years. My patient will have to live another seven years before he will be able to join this very select group; but if he takes things quietly and is a little lucky he may manage it.


The aim of this paper was to investigate whether it was possible to induce more internal planning in the four-disk Tower of Hanoi (ToH) in order not only to produce more efficient problem solving but also to make it more resistant to the negative effect of interruption. The theoretical frameworks of soft constraints and the memory for goals model underpinned Experiments 1 and 2. In both experiments, three goal-state access cost conditions were used: high (mouse movements and 2.5-s delay), medium (mouse movements) and low (goal state always available). In Experiment 1, more memory-based planning was induced by the high cost condition, which resulted in fewer moves to solution and the gradual development of an efficient subgoaling strategy, resulting in more perfect solutions. In Experiment 2, the same condition protected performance against a 10-s interruption irrespective of the interrupting task (blank screen, mental arithmetic, or three-disk ToH). The more memory-based planning strategy, induced by high access cost, presumably strengthened participants' goals during planning and problem solving, making them less susceptible to decay and interference from interruption. These novel results are discussed in the context of other recent studies.


We work with Algerian, an under-resourced non-standardised Arabic variety, for which we compile a new parallel corpus consisting of user-generated textual data matched with normalised and corrected human annotations following data-driven and our linguistically motivated standard. We use an end-to-end deep neural model designed to deal with context-dependent spelling correction and normalisation. Results indicate that a model with two CNN sub-network encoders and an LSTM decoder performs the best, and that word context matters. Additionally, pre-processing data token-by-token with an edit-distance based aligner significantly improves the performance. We get promising results for the spelling correction and normalisation, as a pre-processing step for downstream tasks, on detecting binary Semantic Textual Similarity.


Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate cervicovag inal HCG and cervical length as a diagnostic marker of preterm delivery. Methodology: This prospective study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, GSVM Medi cal College Kanpur from 2012 to 2013. The sample consisted of 100 women with singleton foetus with gestational age between 24-28 weeks. Study group (n=50) had risk factors for preterm delivery, and control group (n=50) had no risk factors. Results: Highest incidence of preterm labour occurred in age group of 22-26 years (56%) and in multiparous women. Both range and mean -HCG level in study group was significantly higher than control group. The mean cervical length (CL) in study group was signif icantly lower than control group. In study group, m ore cases were HCG positive and had CL <2.5 cm than control grou p and this difference was statistically significant. In study group, more cases who was HCG positive and who had CL <2.5 cm delivered preterm and this difference was statistically signi f cant. Conclusion: Cervicovaginal HCG and cervical length can prove to be useful markers in predicting preterm delivery.


Background: Early postoperative resumption of oral intake is supposed to be safe and beneficial to patients recovery. However, practitioners still have great confusion and disagreement about postoperative resumption of oral intake. This is a nationwide survey to investigate the current status of clinical practice and practitioners' attitude toward postoperative resumption of oral intake along with their level of understanding of the ERAS guidelines.Methods: An anonymous web-based survey questionnaire via mobile social platform was carried out in mainland China from December 11-20, 2020. The Wilcoxon signed rank test or chi-square test was used to compare the propensity of the resumption of oral intake.Results: Totally 5370 responses were received, and 89% of them were from anesthesiology departments. The nature of the responses from clinical practitioners was highly diverse, but each of the three surgery types showed unique patterns of ERAS implementation. The respondents were more conserved regarding the commencement of both fluid and solid diets after gastrointestinal (GI) and hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) surgery than after non-abdominal (NA) surgery. Most respondents agreed that early oral intake is beneficial to reduce postoperative complications improve bowel recovery and overall outcome. 55% respondents considered themselves to have a better understanding of ERAS and tended to initiate oral intake early for all three surgery types (P<0.001).Conclusions: The postoperative resumption of oral intake is highly variable among GI, HPB and NA surgeries. A better understanding of ERAS would encourage practitioners to commence oral intake resumption much earlier.


North-eastern India has been known for its rich biological diversity. For this study, seven medicinal plants such as Bryophyllum pinnatum, Ipomea aquatica, Oldenlandia corymbosa, Ricinus communis, Terminalia bellerica, Tinospora cordifolia, and Xanthium strumarium , were selected. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of phytochemicals and to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the selected medicinal plants. Soxhlet apparatus was used for the organic solvent extraction. Solvents used were water, methanol, ethanol, and acetone. Total phenolic contents of the aqueous extracts of the plants were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteus reagent method whereas total flavonoid contents of the aqueous extracts were determined by the Aluminium Chloride method. Proteins, carbohydrates, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, were detected in all of the plants tested. Total phenolic contents obtained were 18.4mg/gm, 18.8mg/gm, 11.6mg/gm, 29.2mg/gm, 29.6mg/gm, 40.8mg/gm, 12.8mg/gm, 71.6mg/gm of the extract and total flavonoid contents obtained were 8.4mg/gm, 37.6mg/gm, 4.4mg/gm, 6mg/gm, 42.8mg/gm, 18mg/gm, 6mg/gm, 28.8mg/gm of the extract for the plants Bryophyllum pinnatum (Leaves) , Ipomea aquatica (Leaves) , Oldenlandia corymbosa (Whole plant) , Ricinus communis (Roots) , Terminalia bellerica (Leaves) , Tinospora cordifolia (Leaves), Tinospora cordifolia ( Stem) , and Xanthium strumarium (Leaves) respectively. Our findings provided evidence that crude aqueous and organic solvent extracts of these tested plants contain medicinally important bioactive compounds and it justifies their use in the traditional medicines for the treatment of different diseases.


Neuromancer (1984) by William Gibson is considered the first novel representing cyberpunk, a sub-genre of science fiction literature. A vision of a world from some near future, modernized, and at the same time degraded by technology, has been reflected in numerous films. The importance of the role that the cinema itself played in the shaping of the aesthetics of the cyberpunk prose should also be remembered. The example of Neuromancer shows that this influence was not limited to inspirations with plots of such films as Escape from New York (1981) by John Carpenter, but that – most importantly – it manifested itself in the specifically "cinematic" visuality of Gibson's literary language. cyberpunk


Many problems related to the efficiency of tribological steel substrates have been improved by the introduction of ceramic coatings based on nitrides of transition metals, as applied by physical vapor deposition (PVD) [1]. Multilayer PVD coatings are currently being developed so as to achieve a further increase in performance from both tribological and corrosion resistance. The principle of the method is to create a coating characterized by a high number of layers stacked in such a way as to block the growth of the columnar structure with high porosity. In this work a series of mono-and multilayer coatings were taken into account. These consist of CrN and Cr multilayers coatings made in a deposition chamber using cathodic arc PVD at the company CRT. As steel substrate AISI H11was chosen in the following surface state conditions: mirror finish, electroeroded, ground and sandblasted


This Article, excerpted from Michael B. Gerrard & John Dernbach, eds., Legal Pathways to Deep Decarbonization in the United States (forthcoming in 2018 from ELI), addresses the critical role of the electric transmission and distribution grid in achieving deep decarbonization, and discusses the primary federal and state laws that govern expanding the grid. Although significant legal and political barriers exist to creating the new transmission necessary to meet deep decarbonization goals, there are public law and nonpublic law tools available to surmount these barriers. Moreover, technology developments in energy storage, demand response, distributed energy resources, and the smart grid can both improve the existing grid and reduce the extent of grid expansion required for deep decarbonization.


Over the past decade, but especially in the past few years, programs with a promise label have been advanced at the local, state, and federal levels. To advance understanding of the design, implementation, and impact of the many different versions of emerging programs, policymakers, practitioners, and researchers need an organizing framework. To address this knowledge need, this study uses descriptive and cluster analyses of 289 programs that meet the following criteria: have a primary goal of increasing higher education attainment, promise a financial award to eligible students, have some "place" requirement, and focus on the traditional college-age population. Results suggest that state- versus non-state sponsorship, financial award structure (e.g., first/last dollar), type of postsecondary educational institutions at which the award may be used, and eligibility criteria (universal vs. merit or need) are important differentiators among programs. The results provide a foundation for future research on college promise programs.


Transition of dairy cows from grazing to silage based rations significantly increases the saturated: unsaturated fatty acids (FA) ratio and decreases the content of beneficial C18:1 cis-9, C18:1 trans-11, C18:2 cis-9,trans-11 and C18:3n-3 in milk fat. This is partly related to a lower polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) supply from ensiled forages. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the scope of increasing the content PUFA in grass and maize silages, and to establish relationships between silage quality on the one hand and the FA content and composition, post-ensiling stability of PUFA, and milk FA composition of dairy cows on the other hand. The first focus of this thesis was to quantify the variation in FA content and composition in grass (n = 101) and maize (n = 96) silages, randomly sampled from commercial dairy farms in the Netherlands, and use multivariate analysis to identify the causes of this variation. The FA content and composition of grass and maize silages were highly variable, and this variation was primarily caused by differences in plant maturity at harvest. Silages made from younger grass and maize have higher contents of C18:3n-3.Most of the variation in FA content in the ensiled forages was caused by differences in plant maturity at harvest. Changes in FA content and composition were investigated in stover (leaves and stem) and ears (cob, shank and husks) in a set of maize genotypes, grown on sandy and clay soils and harvested at 14, 42, 56, 70, and 84 days after flowering (DAF). The contents of C18:3n-3 and total FAs in the stover dry matter (DM) declined at a slow rate up to 56 DAF and then decreased rapidly during 56–84 DAF. On the other hand the content of C18:2n-6 and total FAs in the ears DM increased up to 56 DAF and thereafter remained more or less constant. The maximum amount of PUFA in silage maize can be harvested around 56 DAF. Identifying pre and post-ensiling processes that optimize the stability of PUFA was the next goal. The stability of FA were investigated in untreated and mechanically bruised perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), wilted under field conditions for 0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h, or wilted under controlled climate conditions at three temperatures (15, 25 or 35 °C) and two light (dark or light) regimes to DM contents of 425, 525 or 625 g/kg. The oxidation of FAs during wilting of grass was mainly caused by the duration of the wilting, wilting temperature only provoked small differences, whereas mechanical bruising of grass and light intensity did not affect the changes in FA contents. The highly esterified lipids of forages are extensively hydrolysed in the silo. Therefore, the post-ensiling stability of FAs was investigated in grass and maize silages, with a wide range in qualities, exposed to air for 0, 12, and 24 h. Exposure of grass and maize silages to air results in a quantitatively small, but consistent decline in the contents of major unsaturated FAs with a concomitant increase in the proportion of C16:0. The final study evaluated the effects of feeding maize silages, ensiled at different maturities, in combination with a high or low degradable carbohydrate concentrate on nutrient intake, milk production, and composition of milk and milk fatinearly lactating dairy cows. Maize maturity at harvest at a DM content of 300-420 g/kg fresh weight, did not affect the production performance of dairy cows, but resulted in decreased contents of C18:3n-3 and total n-3 and a decreased n-6:n-3 ratio in the milk fat of dairy cows.


The rise of populist forces in Western democracies is often linked to representation failures. However, to date we lack causally identified evidence for the effect of parties' representation on populist attitudes. We address this lacuna through a survey experiment conducted in 12 European Union countries involving 23,257 subjects. Our experiment manipulates citizens' perceptions of being represented by national parties in the 2019 European elections campaign, and identifies the effect of perceived representation on populist attitudes. The results reveal that poor representation increases populist attitudes in respondents that did not express such attitudes pretreatment, but has no effect among those who were already populist. We demonstrate that this effect is primarily due to parties' representation failures triggering citizens' anti-elite sentiment.


Background: During laparoscopic procedures, increased intra-abdominal pressure may cause transient renal dysfunction due to impaired renal blood flow and induction of neurohormones. However, the relationship between antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion and increased intra-abdominal pressure is poorly understood. Hypothesis: Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) is associated with an increase in plasma ADH concentration, which influences renal function in both the donor and transplanted graft. Objectives: To evaluate plasma ADH levels during LDN and to correlate ADH levels with graft function. Design and Interventions: In 30 patients who underwent LDN, plasma ADH levels were collected before insufflation, during surgery, after desufflation, and 24 hours after the procedure. In 6 patients who had open donor nephrectomy, blood samples were obtained as controls. Furthermore, graft function, operative characteristics, and clinical outcome were compared. Setting: University hospital. Results: In the LDN group, mean ADH levels during pneumoperitoneum and 30 minutes postinsufflation were significantly higher compared with preinsufflation values (P<.001). Twenty-four hours after LDN, mean ADH levels had returned to normal values. There were no significant differences in ADH levels in the open donor nephrectomy group. No significant differences in either intraoperative diuresis, blood pressure readings, or postoperative graft function were documented among the 2 groups. Conclusions: In this study, LDN was associated with an increase in plasma ADH that appeared to be related to increased intra-abdominal pressure. We conclude that the increased ADH concentrations during LDN are not associated with clinically significant changes in either the kidney donor or the transplanted graft.


The upper secondary education curriculum in the English system has been traditionally choice-based, narrow and specialized with qualifications primarily determining its shape. . In general/academic education, the prime goal has been the attainment of high grades in three A Levels in order to access university. This still remains the case, despite repeated attempts at reform over the past 50 years or more to broaden post-16 education . Choice-based specialisation can be contrasted with common practice in other systems where young people in upper secondary general education study a broader range of subjects, including mathematics and a modern foreign language . Vocational courses also remain relatively narrow in England, lacking the core of general education that is typical of other higher performing national systems . Baccalaureates ideas for have become much more prevalent over the past 20 years, although awards of this type still play a relatively marginal role in a system that continues to be dominated by single subjects or qualifications components. In the light of these curriculum and qualifications system features, this scoping paper aims to review baccalaureate-type proposals over the last two decades, but particularly over the last 10. The paper surveys curriculum and qualifications reform and assesses the significance of these within the current economic and policy context; it maps the main features of a range of baccalaureate proposals and conceptualises these along six different dimensions. The paper concludes with a set of questions arising from the analysis in order to better understand strategic choices to be made by the Pearson-led Baccalaureate Development Strategy Group.


This paper investigates the ability of touching practices to measure. Thinking with touch highlights not only its ability to perceive, but also to affect and intervene in material contexts. Drawing on extracts from the author's research into archaeological excavation labour, this paper wonders how touch could do measurement in the sciences otherwise. Addressing measurement in terms of active practices of 'measuring' or 'taking measure' emphasises the lived time of scientists, as well as their bodily ability to switch between modes of measuring. The paper aims to elicit the temporal, bodily, affective and spatial intricacies of archaeological labour in the trenches, and contributes to critical ethnographic accounts on materiality, context, and comparison in Science and Technology Studies. In doing so, it takes material groovings in archaeological fieldwork as evocative acts of scientific measurement.


Contents For over last two decades, the toxicological research has focused on pesticide-induced oxidative stress (OS) as a possible mechanism of toxicity. In fact OS is an outcome of a multistep process spanning from perturbations in the balance between the levels of oxidants / prooxidants and antioxidants (both enzymatic and non-enzymatic) to tissue damage leading to onset of several disease states and finally to apoptosis. The mechanism(s) of pesticides induced oxidative stress, however, is still not completely understood. Further, several other factors (called as risk factors) are thought to be associated with potentiation of the impact of pesticides induced oxidative stress in living systems and hence play crucial role in the evaluation of safety or toxicity of the pesticide concerned. In recent years several attempts have been made to understand pesticide induced OS in terms of monitoring alterations in various biochemical and molecular compositions in different organs of some experimental animal models by exposing them to varying acute and sub-acute doses of pesticides. It is important therefore to explore some plant products or drugs, which could help mitigate the adverse effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including free radicals (FR) produced due to pesticides exposure. This review presents an updated account of reported cellular and molecular events taking place in mammalian systems due to pesticide induced OS, factors influencing its toxicity, and its amelioration through application of various antioxidants.


Submission of manuscripts Papers for publication should be sent to Professor J. R. Pattison, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine. University College London, University Street, London VVC1E 6JJ. The typescript and two copies should be sent, with three copies of all tables and illustrations. Authors are requested to include a selfaddressed envelope for acknowledgement of receipt. Papers forwarded to the Editor for publication are understood to be offered to Epidemiology and Infection alone, unless the contrary is stated. Manuscripts must be accompanied by a covering letter. This must include {a) information on prior or duplicate publication or submission elsewhere of any part of the work; (b) a statement of financial or other relationships that might lead to a conflict of interests; (c) a statement that the manuscript has been read and approved by all authors; and (d) the name and address of the corresponding author, who is responsible for communicating with the other authors about revisions and final approval of the proofs. The manuscripts must be accompanied by copies of any permissions to reproduce published material, to use illustrations or report sensitive personal information of identifiable persons, or to name persons for their contributions.


Background. Fecal transplantation (FT) is a promising treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), but its true effectiveness remains unknown. We compared 14 days of oral vancomycin followed by a single FT by enema with oral vancomycin taper (standard of care) in adult patients experiencing acute recurrence of CDI. Methods. In a phase 2/3, single-center, open-label trial, participants from Ontario, Canada, experiencing recurrence of CDI were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to 14 days of oral vancomycin treatment followed by a single 500-mL FT by enema, or a 6-week taper of oral vancomycin. Patients with significant immunocompromise, history of fulminant CDI, or irreversible bleeding disorders were excluded. The primary endpoint was CDI recurrence within 120 days. Microbiota analysis was performed on fecal filtrate from donors and stool samples from FT recipients, as available. Results. The study was terminated at the interim analysis after randomizing 30 patients. Nine of 16 (56.2%) patients who received FT and 5 of 12 (41.7%) in the vancomycin taper group experienced recurrence of CDI, corresponding with symptom resolution in 43.8% and 58.3%, respectively. Fecal microbiota analysis of 3 successful FT recipients demonstrated increased diversity. A futility analysis did not support continuing the study. Adverse events were similar in both groups and uncommon. Conclusions. In patients experiencing an acute episode of recurrent CDI, a single FT by enema was not significantly different from oral vancomycin taper in reducing recurrent CDI. Further research is needed to explore optimal donor selection, FT preparation, route, timing, and number of administrations. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT01226992.


The influence of sludge discharge frequency on the performance of a full-scale UASB-type reactor has been assessed. The reactor has eight compartments and treats domestic sewage with an 8 hour hydraulic retention time. In each compartment, a different discharge frequency was employed ranging from 1 to 8 months. During the assessment period, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency, effluent volatile suspended solids (VSS) concentration, and cellular yield coefficient (Y) were evaluated. The results indicated that the operational stability increased with increasing discharge frequency, as shown by a higher COD removal and lower effluent VSS. The values of Y decreased when the sludge discharge frequency increased. In practice, good performance can be achieved when the sludge discharge frequency is between 1 and 4 months; COD removal efficiencies of 60–80%, average VSS effluent concentrations of 25–80 mg L−1, and Y values of 0.10–0.18 kg VSS kg CODremoved−1 were obtained.


For a good orientation into the history of English grammar, several books are indispensable. One of those is Mustanoja's A Middle English Syntax . However, for a long time this work was not readily available; the present edition changes that. This is a fac simile reprint from the 1960 publication which appeared as volume XXIII in 'Memoires de la Societe Neophilologique de Helsinki', with a new Introduction by Elly van Gelderen. Compared to Old English, Middle English has fewer grammars and textbooks devoted to it. This book provides an interesting supplement by going deeper into certain questions and, especially, into exceptions. The book points out differences with Old English and certain peculiarities of the Middle English system. It was originally written for students of Middle English literature but serves a linguist well in detailed descriptions of the parts of speech, the use of the various cases, gender, and number. Word order, complex sentences, and conjunctions were meant to be dealt with in a second volume, which was never published.


in determining the effect of turbulence on the forces exerted on bodies in the air stream of a wind tunnel, it is commonly assumed that the indications of the standard Pitot-static tube used to determine the air speed are not dependent on the turbulence. To investigate the truth of this assumption, the drag of a normally exposed flat plate, the difference in pressure between the front and rear of a thin circular disk, the rate of rotation of a vane anemometer, and the pressure developed by a standard Pitot-static tube were measured in an air stream for several conditions of turbulence. The results may be interpreted as indicating that there is no appreciable effect of turbulence on the vane anemometer and the standard pitot-static tube, but that there is small effect on the drag of a flat plate and the pressure difference between front and rear of a disk.


Selected pyrrolidines, 2-cyanopyrrolidines and heteroaromatic isoindoline analogues were evaluated as P1-residues in dipeptide-derived inhibitors of DPP8/9. Potency testing indicates that DPP8 or DPP9 specificity cannot be obtained with the selected set of P1- and P2-fragments. Nonetheless, the nanomolar DPP8/9 potencies and remarkable selectivities with respect to DPP IV and DPPII, makes inhibitors 4c and 4h suitable "leads" for future inhibitor optimization effort.


Abstract Thermoregulatory behavior was studied in two key acridid pest species from west and south Africa. Locustana pardalina Walker (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from the arid Karoo region of South Africa was an active behavioral thermoregulator using postural adjustments and microhabitat selection to elevate and then maintain body temperatures at a preferred level between 38 and 41°C for much of the day. Both cool weather and time of season significantly affected the ability of these locusts to reach and maintain these preferred temperatures. Hieroglyphus daganensis Krauss (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from the humid tropical river valleys of west Africa was not an active behavioral thermoregulator and showed none of the postures or habitat selection associated with such behavior. Body temperatures varied little across the day being generally around 32°C. The humid, wet habitat where this species occurs and the uniformity of the thermal environment appeared to preclude the development of elaborate thermal behaviors seen in L. pardalina and other behaviorally thermoregulating ectotherms. The implications of host thermal behavior and the marked difference both within and between species under different environmental conditions are discussed in terms of biological control using a biopesticide based on an entomopathogenic fungus. It is concluded that the fundamental importance of host body temperature in relation to the fitness of the insect and its ability to cope with disease challenge, although generally overlooked in biocontrol programs, has significant implications for the successful development of microbial pest control.


Regenerative drives are another remarkable advancement in energy-efficient lift technology. They recycle energy rather than wasting it as heat. The intention of this specification is to set out the standards of the require for lift installations. All lifts shall be robust, reliable and shall meet the department users' requirements and expectations. Lift installation must comply with all current regulations, including Building Regulations. The appointed Design Consultant will be responsible for traffic analysis to provide the most suitable lift solution, including items such as size of lift car, contract load, type of load and its associated safety features, speed, number of passengers, etc. Major Modernization is a reasonably straight forward exercise in that, with the exception of the It may be possible to increase the lift speed which would reduce travel time between floors. However, this is governed by strict lift regulations and is only possible where the clear headroom at the top of the lift well and the pit depth at the bottom of the lift well are sufficient to allow this. The clauses in this part of the Specification cover all items which are generally standard in this type of installation, while the Particular Specification, covers the materials and method to be used in the Works, the General and Particular Specifications are to be read as one. Any conflicts shall be brought to the attention of the Contract Administrator. The following clauses apply equally to new lift installations, major modernization and refurbishments. Where existing installations do not comply with these standards they shall be brought up to date as far as is reasonably practicable. Any remaining sections of the existing installations that do not comply with this specification shall be highlighted and drawn to the attention of the Contract Administrator prior to completion. Keyword-Electrical Energy, Reciprocating, Rolling.


We give an approximate solution to the difficult inverse problem of inferring the topology of an unknown network from given time-dependent signals at the nodes. For example, we measure signals from individual neurons in the brain, and infer how they are inter-connected. We use Maximum Caliber as an inference principle. The combinatorial challenge of high-dimensional data is handled using two different approximations to the pairwise couplings. We show two proofs of principle: in a nonlinear genetic toggle switch circuit, and in a toy neural network.


We present new radial velocity (RV) measurements of the ultra-cool dwarf VB 10, which was recently announced to host a giant planet detected with astrometry. The new observations were obtained using optical spectrographs (MIKE/Magellan and ESPaDOnS/CFHT) and cover 65% of the reported period of 270 days. The nominal precision of the new Doppler measurements is about 150 m s−1 while their standard deviation is 250 m s−1. However, there are indications that such a larger variation is due to uncontrolled systematic errors. We apply least-squares periodograms to identify the most significant signals and evaluate their false alarm probabilities (FAPs). We show that this method is the proper generalization to astrometric data because (1) it mitigates the coupling of the orbital parameters with the parallax and proper motion, and (2) it permits a direct generalization to include nonlinear Keplerian parameters in a combined fit to astrometry and RV data. Our analysis of the astrometry alone uncovers the reported 270 day period and an even stronger signal at ∼50 days. We estimate the uncertainties in the parameters using a Markov chain Monte Carlo approach. Although the new data alone cannot rule out the presence of a candidate, when combined with published RV measurements, the FAPs of the best solutions grow to unacceptable levels strongly suggesting that the observed astrometric wobble is not due to an unseen companion. The new measurements put an upper limit of m sin i ∼ 2.5 mjup for a companion with a period shorter than one year and moderate eccentricities.


Computational Drug Repositioning (CDR) is the knowledge discovery process of finding new indications for existing drugs leveraging heterogeneous drug-related data. Longitudinal observational data such as Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have become an emerging data source for CDR. To address the high-dimensional, irregular, subject and time-heterogeneous nature of EHRs, we propose Baseline Regularization (BR) and a variant that extend the one-way fixed effect model, which is a standard approach to analyze small-scale longitudinal data. For evaluation, we use the proposed methods to search for drugs that can lower Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) level in the Marshfield Clinic EHR. Experimental results suggest that the proposed methods are capable of rediscovering drugs that can lower FBG level as well as identifying some potential blood sugar lowering drugs in the literature.


Background: The recent requirements from the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties encourage medical students to conduct more research to increase their chances of acceptance in residency programs. This may influence the students to focus on publishing with less emphasis on avoiding scientific misconduct. Aim: To assess the knowledge of scientific misconduct in publication among medical students at King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Settings and Design: A questionnaire based cross-sectional study was conducted at the College of Medicine in KSAU-HS, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: The 3rd and 4th year male medical students were selected by purposive sampling after their Problem based learning (PBL) sessions. The questionnaire included questions related to publication ethics and scientific misconduct. The SPSS version 22 was used for data analysis and management. Chi-square test was used for comparing the correct response for each question in the questionnaire with the academic year of the students. Results: A total of 117 (3rd year=56, 4th year=61) students participated in the study. There were 87 (74%) students who had heard about the term "publication ethics". Of the participants, 19 (16%) had correct knowledge about fabrication in research and 42 (36%) knew what gift authorship is. Knowledge about the fabrication of data was found to be statistically higher in the 3rd year (25%) vs. 4th year (8%) students, (p=0.01). Conclusion: The study identified areas of deficiencies in knowledge of different aspects of publication ethics among medical students at KSAU-HS. There is a need to raise awareness of publication ethics in research among medical students during their academic years.


We estimate the cosmological spatial curvature as generated by the actual matter content of the universe. The result is that the present day universe appears to be very nearly spatially flat due to the low density and the nonrelativistic peculiar velocities. The sign of the spatial curvature comes out as positive.


[PERFORMANCE VIDEO - 45:00MINS]
Sitting in my student, back-to-back house in Beeston, Leeds in the early 80s, I experienced an extraordinary sonic phenomenon: 40,000 voices raised in a vast cheer burst into the sitting room, followed by urgent chanting and a massively disappointed "ohhh.." It was unexpected (did I even know there was a football ground nearby?) and chilling yet very moving. These voices, raw, in atavistic unison impinged on the mundane activities of my everyday life. This surreal incongruity of hearing but not seeing the source of so many voices erupting uninvited into my house occurred on many subsequent Saturdays and I came to quite enjoy the unsolicited mass companionship. The memory has stayed with me ever since.


In this study we compare the situation of two minorities, the San people of Botswana and the Travellers in Norway. We want to explore how their way of life, their culture, travelling then want to show how knowledge of resilience and protective factors can be important for the survival and development of minority cultures in general and for the life and education of children in particular.


Washing of biodiesel removes contaminants (soap, catalyst, methanol and free glycerin) from biodiesel, even though this activity will sometimes cause an emulsion. This research aims to develop new method of washing that can minimize emulsification. The method used is misting water in crude biodiesel by certain nozzle. Washing apparatus has 5 main part i.e. nozzle, washing chamber, circulation pump, valve to set level of debit and piping channel. The research has been done to study dependency of biodiesel washing on the numbers of nozzles (2, 3 and 4) , the distance between nozzle and constrictor plate (2 cm, 4 cm, 6 cm and 8 cm) and the level of wash water debit 45.3 ml/min,83.6 ml/min and 150 ml/min . Parameters measured were pH of wash water, emulsion formed, rendemen of biodiesel, quality of biodiesel and energy consumption. Variation of the numbers of nozzles are purposed to have more extensively contact between water and biodiesel. At optimum level of debit, high performance biodiesel washing expeted, with little emulsion can be obtained. The research indicates that the numbers of nozzles, the distance of nozzle and level of water debit are significant variables to determine washing performance. The research showed that washing biodiesel with the numbers of nozzles 4 pc, debit of washing water 83.6 ml/min and 45.3ml/min and distance between nozzle and constrictor plate 8 cm produce 100 % biodiesel for every step washing, with pH of washing water at third washing 7.1 and emulsion formed 81.6 ml . Misting water in oil method needs smaller energy than others, i.e. only 4% of stirrer method and 1.2% of bubble method. Quality biodiesel – i.e. density, flash point, cetane index, cloud point, moisture content, viscosity – meets ISO standard. Keywords : Biodiesel, Washing, Emulsification, Energy


Large urban areas are typically characterized by a mosaic of different land uses, with contrasting mixes of impermeable and permeable surfaces that alter "green" and "blue" water flux partitioning. Understanding water partitioning in such heterogeneous environments is challenging but crucial for maintaining a sustainable water management during future challenges of increasing urbanization and climate warming. Stable isotopes in water have outstanding potential to trace the partitioning of rainfall along different flow paths and identify surface water sources. While isotope studies are an established method in many experimental catchments, surprisingly few studies have been conducted in urban environments. Here, we performed synoptic sampling of isotopes in precipitation, surface water and groundwater across the complex city landscape of Berlin, Germany, for a large ‐scale overview of the spatio‐temporal dynamics of urban water cycling. By integrating stable isotopes of water with other hydrogeochemical tracers we were able to identify contributions of groundwater, surface runoff during storm events and effluent discharge on streams with variable degrees of urbanization. We could also assess the influence of summer evaporation on the larger Spree and Havel rivers and local wetlands during the exceptionally warm and dry summers of 2018 and 2019. Our results demonstrate that using stable isotopes and hydrogeochemical data in urban areas has great potential to improve our understanding of water partitioning in complex, anthropogenically‐affected landscapes. This can help to address research priorities needed to tackle future challenges in cities, including the deterioration of water quality and increasing water scarcity driven by climate warming, by improving the understanding of time‐variant rainfall‐runoff behaviour of urban streams, incorporating field data into ecohydrological models, and better quantifying urban evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge.


The increase in penetration of wind in the current energy mix is hindered by its high volatility and poor predictability. These shortcomings lead to energy loss and increased deployment of fast ramping generation. The use of energy storage compensates to some extent these negative effects; it plays a buffer role between demand and production. We revisit a model of real storage proposed by Bejan et al.[1]. We study the impact on performance of energy conversion efficiency and of wind prediction quality. Specifically, we provide theoretical bounds on the trade-off between energy loss and fast ramping generation, which we show to be tight for large capacity of the available storage. Moreover, we develop strategies that outperform the proposed fixed level policies when evaluated on real data from the UK grid.


The current study was targeted at investigating the relationship between translation students' personality types and the quality of their English-to-Persian translations with respect to different text types. To this aim, 35 undergraduate senior students of translation were randomly sampled. To obtain some demographic information about the participants, the researchers used a background questionnaire. The participants were given three different text types for the translation task. An advertisement, a scientific text and a narrative text were chosen to serve Reiss' text typology (1971) including operative, informative and expressive texts, respectively. The students were also provided with retrospective questionnaires to shed light on their performance in the act of translating. Subsequently, once the participants' personality types were determined via the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) anchored in Jung's psychological theory, their dominant mental functions involving intuition, sensation, feeling and thinking were identified. To analyze the data, the One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) procedure and post-hoc analysis were employed. The results of the study indicated that the only dichotomy showing a significant difference was that of intuition versus sensation. Simply put, the intuitors outperformed their sensor counterparts in the translation of the expressive text. Taking into account the findings of the current study, the researchers suggest some pedagogical guidelines too.


The importance of shea tree to the people of south-western Nigeria cannot be over emphasized considering both the economic and environmental uses of the tree. However, efforts have not been made to propagate its production by the farmers as the shea tree still grows in the wild state. It would be worthwhile to investigate farmers' perception of shea nut tree as an economic tree and their attitudes toward the conservation measures needed to prevent its extinction. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 160 farmers for the study. A structured interview schedule was used to collect data from the respondents. Descriptive statistics of means and percentages were used to describe the data while correlation coefficients were employed to determine the relationships that exist between farmers' perception and their socio- economics characteristics. A larger percentage of the farmers claimed the awareness of the potential products of shea nut trees. Majority (90.6%) of the respondents perceived shea tree as an economic tree and indicated that it provides income for women and children that gather the fruits. Most of the farmers had favourable attitude toward shea nut tree as an economic tree. Land ownership status (r = 0.536), age (r = 0.875), education (r = 0.725), farming experience (r = 0.508), household size (r = -0.817) and farm size (r = -0.673) had significant influence on the perception of farmers. The study therefore recommends that the extension agencies should play significant role in educating the farmers on the importance of conserving the trees to sustain its economic benefits.


The software industry is facing a great challenge due to the demand of quality and complexity on an ever increasing number of software products. The software industry has been dealing with this challenge by software process assessment and improvement, and by improving and developiong more sophisticated software development methodologies. Quality concepts and practices have been well formulated in traditional manufacturing industries, especially in Japan. However many successful and influential manufacturing quality techniques have not been examined systematically in context of software quality. To tackle the existing problems in improving the software process maturity and software product quality, I investigate the quality principles and techniques developed in manufacturing industries and study the feasibility and ways in applying them to software quality. The similarities and differences between software and manufacturing industries are analysed. Motivated by the TQM (Total Quality Management) concept, the Japanese quality control tools and quality management tools are examined together with the Deming cycle in the context of software process improvement. The manufacturing process capability indices Cp and Cpk are examined and it is shown how they can be used in quantitatively monitoring, controlling and improving the software process. The very successful Japanese manufacturing quality techniques, Taguchi methods, are investigated. Two of these methods are shown to be appropriate to apply to software quality. The Taguchi's optimal parameter design method is used to produce the Orthogonal Software Testing Methodology to optimise software testing. Taguchi's fractional factorial experimentation and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method is used to produce an Orthoganol Software Performance Evaluation Methodology which provides an experimental method for effective software performance evaluation.


Science, technology and innovation are vital to poverty alleviation and improved health. However, although improving immediate access to health care and existing health technologies is essential, simply importing technologies and products is not enough to create sustainable health care systems. Countries also need to build the capacities and institutions to develop their own technology and innovations which are tailored to local needs.

But for innovation to meet local needs, countries need to develop dynamic and integrated health innovation systems. This is for several reasons. Firstly, there tends to be a profound lack of understanding between those in the world of healthcare and those who work in health innovation and production of pharmaceuticals. And unless researchers and producers network with local users and consumers, they are much less likely to respond to local needs.

Secondly improved innovation capacity that responds to the needs of users does not occur in isolation - it is not the product of one-off scientific inventions, heavy investment in science or one-off policies. Rather it is dependent on networks through government institutions, private companies and a wide variety of end-user groupings at national, international and sectoral levels. Finally, knowledge is not accumulated and built up in one set of institutions and transferred to another set - it results instead from the interplay between different organisations and institutions.

There is now an unparalleled opportunity to address both the issues of neglected diseases and to develop such integrated health innovation systems. Huge investments are currently being made in global health programmes which seek to improve health services and health innovation systems. The challenge for African policymakers is to adopt strategies for integrating global programmes with local and regional health innovation systems.


The purpose of the present work is a theoretical examination of how localized skin-tissue dehydration affects the depth of the confocal probing and what depth of effective detection can be reached with the chemical administration of skin tissues. A semi-infinite multilayer Monte Carlo model is used to estimate spatial localization of the output signal offered by a confocal probe. A solution of glycerol is taken in the capacity of innocuous osmotic agent. Diffusion of this bio-compatible chemical agent into the skin temporarily pushes water out of the tissues and results in the matching of the refractive indices of skin structural elements. This temporarily decreases scattering and increases transparency of topical skin layers, which allows for unrestricted light to permeate deeper into the skin. The results of simulation show that signal spatial localization offered by a confocal probe in the skin tissues during their clearing is usable for the monitoring of deep reticular dermis and improving the image contrast and spatial resolution. A discussion of the optical properties of skin tissues and their changes due to diffusion of glycerol into the skin is given. Optical properties of tissues and their changes due to chemical administration are estimated based on the results of experimental in vitro study with rat and human skin.


Abstract We verify whether parameter-driven and observation-driven classes of dynamic models can outperform each other in predicting time-varying parameters. We consider existing and new dynamic models for counts and durations, but also for volatility, intensity, and dependence parameters. In an extended Monte Carlo study, we present evidence that observation-driven models based on the score of the predictive likelihood function have similar predictive accuracy compared to their correctly specified parameter-driven counterparts. Dynamic observation-driven models based on predictive score updating outperform models based on conditional moments updating. Our main findings are supported by the results from an extensive empirical study in volatility forecasting.


This paper examines the changing face of deep poverty in the United States over the past fifty years and the role of family structure, employment patterns, and governmental taxes and transfers in explaining these trends. Using a newly developed historical measure of poverty based on the Census Bureau's supplemental poverty measure, we find that deep poverty rates have been fairly constant over the past fifty years, both overall and for families with children. In view of changes in family structure and government policy over this period, the intransigence of deep poverty is surprising. However, this overall stability obscures changes in the demographics of individuals and families in deep poverty, as well as the role of government policy. Governmental transfers reduce the risk of deep poverty for all subgroups examined, but the significance and the role of these programs have changed over time.


Using a three-dimensional general circulation model, we create dynamical model atmospheres of a representative transiting giant exoplanet, HD 209458b. We post-process these atmospheres with an opacity code to obtain transit radius spectra during the primary transit. Using a spectral atmosphere code, we integrate over the face of the planet seen by an observer at various orbital phases and calculate light curves as a function of wavelength and for different photometric bands. The products of this study are generic predictions for the phase variations of a zero-eccentricity giant planet's transit spectrum and of its light curves. We find that for these models the temporal variations in all quantities and the ingress/egress contrasts in the transit radii are small (<1.0%). Moreover, we determine that the day/night contrasts and phase shifts of the brightness peaks relative to the ephemeris are functions of photometric band. The J, H, and K bands are shifted most, while the IRAC bands are shifted least. Therefore, we verify that the magnitude of the downwind shift in the planetary "hot spot" due to equatorial winds is strongly wavelength dependent. The phase and wavelength dependence of light curves, as well as the associated day/night contrasts, can be used to constrain the circulation regime of irradiated giant planets and to probe different pressure levels of a hot Jupiter atmosphere. We posit that though our calculations focus on models of HD 209458b, similar calculations for other transiting hot Jupiters in low-eccentricity orbits should yield transit spectra and light curves of a similar character.