One of the most important and urgent problems facing the metallurgical industry is the problem of processing dump mattes (DM). These are alloys of sulfides of various metals, and in some locations have accumulated to such an extent that they fill entire landfills with environmentally hazardous substances. During prolonged storage in air, DM decomposes and produces toxic substances. Therefore it is important to find an environmentally safe way to store or processes DM. The available information on the technologies for processing sulfide-oxide metallurgical raw materials and sources of DM formation are analysed in this study. Chemical analysis of the DM indicates a high iron content, which a priori determines the high conductivity of dump materials. The aim of this research is to examibne the physicochemical properties of the DM melts of the Kadamjai antimony industrial complex, in which, according to the technological schedule, iron and antimony are accumulated in sulfide form, followed by pyroelectrochemical processing of them into commodity products in the case of optimal metal current yields and good extraction. The electrical conductivity (æ) of the industrial DM melt is characteristic of multifunctional conductors with a predominant semiconductor mechanism of conductivity. The addition of a heteropolar additive (Na2S) into the DM melt suppresses the electronic component of conductivity and decreaseds æ in the system to values that are typical for ionic melts. Current-voltage characteristics for the composition of the system with 60 and 70 mol. % Na2S indicate polarization in the melts. The electrolysis of DM-Na2S melts is accompanied by the release of sulfur on the anode. For a final assessment of the possibility of using electrochemical processing of DM melts into antimony metal, it is recommended that a preliminary economic calculation of the entire technological process be performed.
Keywords: dump mattes, iron and antimony sulfides, physicochemical properties, ecology, utilization


We consider the problem of constructing critical paths from incomplete information. In general, a directed acyclic graph of tasks with their execution times (i.e., a task graph) is necessary to extract critical paths. We assume, however, that only the set of tasks, and their start and end times are known, e.g., an execution trace in the form of a Gantt chart. This information can be extracted from real machines or from the output of analysis tools, whereas extraction of the exact task graph often is problematic due to imperative modeling formalisms and complicated platform semantics (resource allocation, varying execution speeds). We show that, based on start and end times only, an over- approximation of the critical paths of an unknown task graph can be extracted nevertheless. Furthermore, this approach is generalized to deal with "noisy" execution traces of real machines in which control overhead is present. Finally, we discuss various methods to deal with false positives, and apply our approach to a complex industrial case study.


An alteration in the number of sets of chromosomes (ploidy) occurs during cell division, differentiation, and development. However, increases in ploidy are also found in tumor cells. These diverse observations may now have a common explanation, as described by
 Hieter
 in a Perspective. In a study of yeast in this issue by
 Galitski
 et al., increasing ploidy was found to be accompanied by alterations in gene expression: Some genes were induced and others repressed as the ploidy increased. This suggests that there is a ploidy-dependent mechanism of transcriptional regulation.


Three underwent termination of pregnancy; multiple congenital abnormalities (14 + 1 weeks), recipient of twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) (17 weeks), and maternal choice (23 + 1 weeks). All showed tricuspid regurgitation (TR) with AREDF DV in the two older fetuses. Of the 11 continuing pregnancies, 10 had a reasonable RV at presentation, one with a large RV to coronary fistula, and 4 had tricuspid valve Z scores of > -3 at delivery, 2 with normal DV. TR was absent in 3: all had normal DV, unrestrictive oval foramen (OF) and TV stenosis (Z score < -3). Six of the 8 with TR showed intermittent AREDF DV, (2 were monochorionic diamniotic pregnancies without TTTS), 4 had associated TV stenosis and 2 restrictive OF. Conclusions: Waveform analysis of DV should be interpreted with caution in PA/IVS because it may imply increased right atrial pressure due to tricuspid regurgitation or restriction to right atrial emptying and not necessarily fetal hypoxaemia or acidosis.


A new species of genus Ablabesmyia is described. The larvae were collected associated with aquatic macrophytes in ponds from the Southeast of Brazil. In laboratory, the larvae were reared to obtain pupae and adults.


Two barriers occurred in grey theory models over the decades. Firstly, the dynamic weights of background value will produce the different forecasting errors. Secondly, the different data models needed the different forecasting methods to adjust their predicting situations. This approach presents an integrated testbed to reduce the forecast error of grey model (GM). This forecasting testbed adopts the concept of a new heuristic algorithm to adjust the ability of GM model (HFGM (1,1)). This study also combines a GA-fuzzy controller with the normalization algorithm of control chart theory to modify the data structure to increase GM forecasting efficiency. This study also verified the proposed model by the water-power demand of Taiwan's government statistics. The experimental results revealed that the average error of (GM(1,1)/HFGM(1,1) models are the MAPE is 11.24% and 9.87%) respectively, which effectively reduce the error level of GM(1,1) model. Key wordsForecasting, Heuristic Fuzzy Grey theory, Genetic algorithm


In order to improve the ride comfort straddle-type monorail, based on the full-scale straddle-type monorail model with 38-DOF, combined with the modular control thought and adaptive neural fuzzy inference system(ANFIS) control theory, the ANFIS-PID controller is designed, in which the vertical vibration velocity and acceleration, pitching angular velocity and angular acceleration, rolling angular velocity and angular acceleration are taken as inputs and the actuator force of active suspension as outputs. The results show that compared with existing passive suspension, the root mean squared values(RMS) of vertical acceleration, pitching angular acceleration and rolling angular acceleration of active suspension is significantly reduced, respectively. And the vibration amplitude below 10Hz frequency range is suppressed, which is the human sensitivity frequency. Active suspension controlled by ANFIS-PID can be used as a way to improve the ride comfort of straddle monorail vehicles.


The transformation of austenite to martensite is a dominant factor in the description of the constitutive behavior during forming of TRIP assisted steels. To predict this transformation different models are currently available. In this paper the transformation is regarded as a stress induced process based on the thermodynamic action of the local stresses during transformation. A threshold for the thermodynamic action, above which transformation will occur, can be easily measured in a properly instrumented tensile test. The martensitic transformation is a diffusionless lattice shear. It is characterized by a habit plane normal n and a shear vector m, which are both defined with respect to the austenite lattice coordinate system. Therefore the thermodynamic action in each material grain strongly depends on the orientation of the grain with respect to the applied stress. Uniaxial tensile tests on both a non-textured austenitic stainless steel and one with a strong crystallographic texture were performed in both the rolling and the transverse directions. Both materials show mechanically induced phase transformation from austenite to martensite. When a strong texture is present in the austenite, differences between transformations during deformation in different directions can be observed clearly. The stress induced transformation theory, in combination with the textures measured before and after deformation, is used to explain and model the difference in transformation behavior when straining in various directions. During deformation the texture changes. This can have consequences for modeling of the transformation during non-proportional deformation.


Invasive alien species are the second leading cause of biodiversity loss in the world today. A number of hypotheses have been advanced to explain the proliferation of invasive  species.  These  hypotheses  include  deficiency  of  natural  enemies  in  the introduced range, increased competitive ability, increased resource availability and emergence of  more  vigorous  genotypes in  the  introduced  range.  In  East  Africa policy gaps that range from lack of information on invasive species management to how the available information is managed exist. Major gaps include, a deficiency in the  number  and  interest  of  scientists  studying  invasion  species  biology,  which subsequently leads to lack of interest in the learning institutions, severe deficiency in  predictive  and  monitoring  capacity,  lack  of  coordinated  control  measures,  and poor  preparation  in  government  departments. This  report  serves  to  identify the major gaps and provide information to assist in the prioritization and optimization of  invasive  species  control  and  management.  It  recommends a  need  for  scholars and institutions to develop curricula and recruit more scientists in this discipline. It also recommends an integrative approach, regional coordination and collaboration including  sharing  of  information  in  an  easy  and  practical  language.  The  review further encourages the government and development agencies at the national and the local level to provide funding and incentives for low and localized programs to slow the spread of existing invasive species in order to protect the yet uninvaded ecosystems.  The  adaptation  of  these  recommendations  will  result  to  controlstrategies  and  policy  framework  based  on  sound  empirical  information It  is expected  that  the  report  will  be  valuable  for  land,  environmental  managers  and other stakeholders.


The Neopalatial period of Middle to Late Bronze Age Crete is marked by a dramatic increase in the depiction of non-human animals. In contrast to the domesticates listed in the Linear A documents, the animals which appear on frescoes and seals are largely wild or supernatural, or in non-domestic scenes (particularly bull-leaping). This article seeks to explore the quantitative differences between the types of animals displayed on different media, and ask why non-domestic animals appear in such significant proportions. Arthur Evans and subsequent scholars have explained this phenomenon as an expression of interest in the natural world. Instead of this modernist view, it will be argued here that it is by trying to approach these depictions as expressing specifically Bronze Age human-animal relations that the role of such animals in Cretan society can be understood. From a relational perspective, the animals depicted can be seen as active participants in prestige activities such as hunting or bull-leaping rather than the passive motifs of artistic naturalists. This perspective might also provide a more illuminating answer to the question: why depict animals?


Abstract Harmful events caused by benthic microalgae have recently garnered a high level of attention in temperate areas, upon reports of Ostreopsis species causing fauna damage, food intoxication and respiratory illness. A resurgence of interest has also occurred in ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), a syndrome associated with the consumption of reef fish contaminated by ciguatoxins produced by the dinoflagellate genus Gambierdiscus in tropical and subtropical areas. To foster research on events caused by benthic microalgae, the SCOR-IOC Global Ecology and Oceanography on Harmful Algal Blooms (GEOHAB) program started a Core Research Project on Benthic Harmful Algal Blooms (BHABs). During an Open Science Meeting (OSM) in 2010, scientists studying benthic and planktonic microalgae identified the main gaps of knowledge and the research, technology and infrastructure needs in the field of the ecology and oceanography of BHABs. The issues addressed during the OSM covered the state of taxonomy, sampling methods, biogeography, genetic diversity, ecology and ecophysiology of BHABs, along with the identification of research priorities and approaches to be taken in order to improve understanding and prediction of BHABs.


Study of neglected adolescence profile shows the description of related aspects which as main cause of the neglect then served in PSBR. The study was conducted in PSBR that managed by the Ministnj of Social Affairs and Provincial Office. Both of those samples were decided purposively. Based on those criteria, the sample chosen were PSBR in West Sumaiera, Riau, East Java and South Sulawesi. In each province selected 2 PSBR which managed by provincial offices, except Riau that only 1 PSBR that managed by the Ministry of Social Affairs. The study is descriptive-quantitative. The respondent includes ex client, management and staff of PSBR. The research found that the main cause of neglect are: 1) the fragile of harmony in the family, 2) weakness of control and social support, 3) less of knowledge and skill, and 4) impact of poverty.


Background/Aims A limited number of studies are available regarding the long-term natural history of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS). We aimed to investigate the long-term clinical course of PI-IBS. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted from a 2001 shigellosis outbreak in a Korean hospital with about 2000 employees. A cohort of 124 hospital employees who were infected by Shigella sonnei due to contaminated food in the cafeteria, and 105 sex- and age-matched, non-infected, controls were serially followed for their bowel symptoms by questionnaire surveys for 10 years. Results The Shigella-infected cohort showed significantly higher odds ratio for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) at 1-year (11.90; 95% CI, 1.49–95.58) and 3-year (3.93; 95% CI, 1.20–12.86) follow-up, compared to their controls. However, corresponding odds ratio for PI-IBS was not significantly increased at 5-year (1.88; 95% CI, 0.64–5.54) and 8-year (1.87; 95% CI, 0.62–5.19) follow-up. At 10-year follow-up survey, the prevalence of IBS was similar for the Shigella-infected cohort and their controls (23.3% versus 19.7%, P = 0.703). Risk factors which were independently associated with PI-IBS among the Shigella-infected cohort included younger age, previous history of functional bowel disorder, and longer duration of diarrhea at baseline. Conclusions Patients who were infected by Shigella sonnei experienced significantly increased risk of IBS until 3 years after shigellosis, and modestly increased risk until 8 years, but showed similar risk of IBS with uninfected controls at 10 years post-infection. PI-IBS is quite a chronic disorder, and follows a long-term natural course.


Abstract Turkey has high inflation experience and in order to bring inflation rate down as well as maintaining macroeconomic stability many policy changes and reforms have been implemented. Despite some success, decreasing inflation rate is still an aim of monetary policy and price stability is still faraway. This article investigates time series properties of Turkish CPI inflation rate in both seasonally unadjusted and adjusted forms. Results of various unit root tests without structural breaks generally show that inflation rate is a nonstationary variable. This article also uses one and two breaks minimum LM unit root tests due to Lee and Strazicich (2004, 2003), respectively. In this case, test results show that inflation rate is a stationary variable with breaks. Although selected break points differ with respect to models and variables to some extent, it is observed that one break occurred around March 1994, and the second break occurred around April 2001.


We study two Q-state Potts models coupled by the product of their energy operators, in the regime 2 < Q ⩽ 4 where the coupling is relevant. A particular choice of weights for the square lattice is shown to be equivalent to the integrable vertex model. It corresponds to a selfdual system of two antiferromagnetic Potts models, coupled ferromagnetically. We derive the Bethe ansatz equations and study them numerically for two arbitrary twist angles. The continuum limit is shown to involve two compact bosons and one non compact boson, with discrete states emerging from the continuum at appropriate twists. The non compact boson entails strong logarithmic corrections to the finite-size behaviour of the scaling levels, an understanding of which allows us to correct an earlier proposal for some of the critical exponents. In particular, we infer the full set of magnetic scaling dimensions (watermelon operators) of the Potts model.


An s-branching flow f in a network N = (D, u), where u is the capacity function, is a flow thatreaches every vertex in V(D) from s while loosing exactly one unit of flow in each vertex other thans. Bang-Jensen and Bessy [TCS, 2014] showed that, when every arc has capacity n − 1, a network Nadmits k arc-disjoint s-branching flows if and only if its associated digraph D contains k arc-disjoints-branchings. Thus a classical result by Edmonds stating that a digraph contains k arc-disjoints-branchings if and only if the indegree of every set X ⊆ V (D) \ {s} is at least k also characterizesthe existence of k arc-disjoint s-branching flows in those networks, suggesting that the larger thecapacities are, the closer an s-branching flow is from simply being an s-branching. This observationis further implied by results by Bang-Jensen et al. [DAM, 2016] showing that there is a polynomialalgorithm to find the flows (if they exist) when every arc has capacity n − c, for every fixed c ≥ 1,and that such an algorithm is unlikely to exist for most other choices of the capacities. In this paper,we investigate how a property that is a natural extension of the characterization by Edmonds' relatesto the existence of k arc-disjoint s-branching flows in networks. Although this property is alwaysnecessary for the existence of the flows, we show that it is not always sufficient and that it is hardto decide if the desired flows exist even if we know beforehand that the network satisfies it. On thepositive side, we show that it guarantees the existence of the desired flows in some particular casesdepending on the choice of the capacity function or on the structure of the underlying graph of D,for example. We remark that, in those positive cases, polynomial time algorithms to find the flowscan be extracted from the constructive proofs.


O ptimal management of blood pressure (BP) during the acute stage of patients with ischemic stroke is a medical challenge with potential clinical effect. However, knowledge of the precise hemodynamic physiological and pathological responses is still scarce. Moreover, the transient focal disruption of cerebral autoregulation renders perfusion of the isch-emic tissue directly dependent on systemic BP. 1 Classically, the relationship between systolic BP (SBP) and clinical outcome was described as U-or J shaped, with both high and low values of BP being independent prognostic factors for poor outcome. 2,3 Nonetheless, these studies did not consider the recanalization state of the affected arterial territory , which may directly influence the hemodynamic response. The main objective of this study is to determine the relationship between BP during the first 24 hours after ischemic stroke and clinical outcome in patients submitted to intravenous or intra-arterial recanalization treatments. We included consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke from July 2009 to June 2015, treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVrtPA) or intra-arterial therapies in our tertiary, university hospital in Portugal. The exclusion criteria were as follows: patients who had insufficient BP data (ie, incomplete BP readings in the first 24 hours poststroke due to patient death or early hospital transfer); unavailable information Background and Purpose—Historical stroke cohorts reported a U-or J-shaped relationship between blood pressure (BP) and clinical outcome. However, these studies predated current revascularization strategies, disregarding the recanalization state of the affected arterial territory. We aimed to investigate the relationship between BP in the first 24 hours after ischemic stroke and clinical outcome in patients submitted to intravenous or intra-arterial recanalization treatments. Methods—Consecutive patients with acute stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis or intra-arterial therapies were enrolled in a retrospective cohort study. BP was measured on regular intervals throughout day and night during the first 24 hours after stroke onset. The mean systolic BP and diastolic BP during the first 24 hours post stroke were calculated. Recanalization was assessed at 6 hours by transcranial color-coded Doppler, angiography, or angio–computed tomography. Functional outcome was assessed at 3 months by modified Rankin Scale. Linear and quadratic multivariate regression models were performed to determine associations between BP and functional outcome for the whole population and recanalyzed and nonrecanalyzed patients. Results—We included 674 patients; mean age was 73.28 (SD, 11.50) years. Arterial recanalization was documented in 355 (52.70%) patients. In multivariate analyses, systolic BP and diastolic BP in the first 24 …


This dissertation describes the design, implementation and testing of the Radar Digital Unit (RDU), a subsystem for the South African Synthetic Aperture Radar II (SASARII). The SASARII is an airborne demonstrator SAR system for a spaceborne SAR and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) imaging radar. The demonstrator system parameters, such as bandwidth, reflect the desired spaceborne SAR parameters. The Radar Digital Unit contains the following three modules: • Digital Pulse Generator (DPG) that outputs a chirp every Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI) for transmission • Sampling Unit (SU), which samples the received IF signal every PRI, forms a packet of samples and flight information and sends the packet for storage • Timing Unit (TU), which distributes triggers to the SASARII system every PRI. Based upon the user requirements, Parsec, a company in Pretoria, South Africa, supplied generic hardware for the RDU. SASARII firmware was developed for each module at Parsec under their guidance and support. The testing of the three modules was conducted at Parsec and at the Radar Remote Sensing Group. Each module was tested individually. The following was concluded from the test results: • The DPG firmware and hardware operate to specification • The SU firmware functions correctly • The TU firmware simulates correctly. During testing a possible hardware bug was found. Parsec, the supplier of the module, was informed about the hardware bug. At time of writing this dissertation the problem had not been solved.


Prehypertension is known to be a risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular disease. If prehypertension is left untreated, the blood pressure continues to increase due to multiple accelerators which facilitate the development of hypertension. Studies using animal models of hypertension suggested that interruption of these mechanisms by transient inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) attenuates the development of hypertension. The TROPHY study provided clinical evidence that pharmacological intervention in the prehypertensive stage may suppress subsequent development of hypertension. Recently, we reported that high dose angiotensin inhibition in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with established hypertension caused a significant regression of hypertension, and we have started a prospective, multi-center clinical study (STAR CAST study) to examine if regression from hypertension back to prehypertension may also be feasible in humans. Since prehypertension is increasingly recognized as an important public health issue, further studies to assess strategies for attenuating the progression from prehypertension to hypertension are required.


Free-flowing rivers have been impacted by anthropogenic activity and extensive hydropower development. Despite this, many opportunities exist for context-specific energy extraction, at locations deemed undesirable for conventional hydropower plants, in ways that reduce the scale of operation and impact. Hydrokinetic energy conversion (HEC) is a renewable energy technology that requires accurate resource assessment to support deployment in rivers. We use global-scale modeled river discharge data, combined with a high-resolution vectorized representation of river networks, to estimate channel form, flow velocities, and hence global hydrokinetic potential. Our approach is based directly on the transfer of kinetic energy through the river network, rather than conventional, yet less realistic, assessments that are based on conversion from gravitational potential energy. We show that this new approach provides a more accurate global distribution of the hydrokinetic resource, highlighting the importance of the lower-courses of major rivers. The resource is shown to have great potential on the continents of South America, Asia, and Africa. We calculate that the mean hydrokinetic energy of global rivers (excluding Greenland and Antarctica) is \SI{5.911(9)}{\peta\joule}(\SI{1.642(3)}{\teraWattHour}).


In the day-ahead dispatching of network-constrained electricity markets, renewable energy and distributed resources are dispatched together with conventional generation. The uncertainty and volatility associated to renewable resources represents a new paradigm to be faced for power system operation. Moreover, in various electricity markets there are mechanisms to allow the demand participation through demand response (DR) strategies. Under operational and economic restrictions, the operator each day, or even in intra-day markets, dispatchs an optimal power flow to find a feasible state of operation. The operation decisions in power markets use an optimal power flow considering unit commitment to dispatch economically generation and DR resources under security restrictions. This paper constructs a model to include demand response in the optimal power flow under wind power uncertainty. The model is formulated as a mixed-integer linear quadratic problem and evaluated through Monte-Carlo simulations. A large number of scenarios around a trajectory bid captures the uncertainty in wind power forecasting. The proposed integrated OPF model is tested on the standard IEEE 39-bus system.


Open research data is one of the key areas in the expanding open scholarship movement. Scholarly journals and publishers find themselves at the heart of the shift towards openness, with recent years seeing an increase in the number of scholarly journals with data-sharing policies aiming to increase transparency and reproducibility of research. In this article we present two case studies which examine the experiences that two leading academic publishers, Taylor & Francis and Springer Nature, have had in rolling out data-sharing policies. We illustrate some of the considerations involved in providing consistent policies across journals of many disciplines, reflecting on successes and challenges.


Five-phase induction machines are generally modeled using multiple dq planes or using a phase variable model. This paper considers modeling five-phase induction machines using a voltage-behind-reactance (VBR) configuration. This configuration lends itself suitable for time-domain circuit-based simulators as the MATLAB/Simulink SimPowerSystems (SPS) toolbox. The stator electrical dynamics are represented in five-phase coordinates, while the rotor electrical circuit is modeled using rotor flux linkage as the state variable and expressed in the dq stator reference frame. The VBR model is equivalent to a conventional dq model; however, it facilitates the connection of an external inductance without affecting numerical accuracy and calculation efficiency. It also facilitates the simulation of different winding connections, series-connected multimotors, and open phase(s) conditions. The model is, first, derived for a magnetically linear system and then it is extended to include the effect of magnetic saturation. The flux correction method is used to represent the effect of magnetic saturation with a simple modification to represent the effect of cross coupling between fundamental and third sequence planes due to saturation effect. The dynamic cross saturation is considered by adding compensating terms that depend on magnetizing inductance variation. The proposed model is experimentally verified using a prototype 1.5-hp five-phase induction machine under different operating conditions.


This article discusses the UK Government's proposals to reform human rights legislation in England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland by repealing the Human Rights Act 1998 and introducing a British Bill of Rights and Responsibilities. It discusses the reasons behind the perceived unpopularity of the Human Rights Act 1998 and concludes that an alternative British Bill of Rights and Responsibilities would be no more popular or effective and that therefore proposals for reform are misconceived. This article by Natalie Kyneswood is an edited version of the essay that won the Middle Temple Lechmere Prize, September 2015


Abstract International trade frequently moves mollusks around the globe, thereby increasing their opportunity to cause ecological and economic damage. Recent genetic studies have confirmed the identity of South American applesnails (Pomacea insularum) in the southeastern US, but limited literature exists on this species. Understanding fecundity provides direct insight into the invasive potential of mollusks. Our study documents P. insularum fecundity in Texas and offers comparisons with the closely related global invader P. canaliculata. We quantified P. insularum clutch and hatchling physical characteristics and examined field and laboratory hatching success. Clutches contained thousands of eggs (mean = 2064 eggs), and clutch size tended to increase over the reproductive season. Clutches exhibited average field and laboratory hatching efficiencies (number of hatchlings/total number of eggs) near 70 and 30%, respectively. Notably, several clutches hatched at 80% or higher in the field. Exotic P. insularum deposit more eggs/clutch than the related invader P. canaliculata, but we do not yet know how seasonal hatching efficiencies compare. However, even with a conservative estimate of 1 to 10% survival to adulthood, the average P. insularum clutch yields 14 to 144 new applesnails. The high fecundity of P. insularum translates into considerable ecological impact because adult females can contribute >1 clutch/wk over an extended growing season in the southeastern US. The need for research has increased with the emergence of P. insularum populations in the fragile Florida Everglades. We advocate life-history studies like ours to help understand the invasion potential of applesnails and other invasive mollusks.


On United Nations World Autism Day 2015, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon encouraged policymakers, professionals, employers, service providers, and caregivers to create an inclusive society by recognizing the strengths of people with autism, instead of focusing on their weaknesses (para. 6). Unfortunately, more than 80 per cent of adults with autism are unemployed globally (2015, para. 11). In order to reach World Autism Awareness Day's goal of empowering people impacted by autism it is imperative to challenge Western society's medical model of autism as a disease with the empowering Navajo view of autism as a beautiful difference. This envisions people with autism as a source of social capital instead of a social burden raising awareness into Library and Information Studies. The World Health Organization supports librarians' roles by claiming that "E-learning approaches, and innovative models for engaging" (Ki-moo, 2014, para. 11) people with autism to share their valuable experiences through a variety of digital mediums can be facilitated by library professionals. Librarians can challenge societies' stereotypes of autism through helping people impacted by autism to share their stories through creating online digital stories, digital library collections or websites. This paper addresses these objectives through the following steps: Firstly, autism and transformative learning will be defined in the context of the research questions. Secondly, a comparative analysis of case studies will be given. Thirdly, the healing stories within these case studies will be synthesized through transformative learning. Fourthly, future research implications for library and information studies will be critically analyzed.


Background Despite improvement in the availability and use of reversible long-acting contraception, discontinuation is becoming a public health concern. A significant proportion of women discontinuing the service before its due date, which is of concern in the health system with regard to its consequences, may lead to a program failure. In addition, there is a paucity of information on discontinuation of reversible long-acting contraceptives and associated factors in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess discontinuation of reversible long-acting contraceptives and associated factors among female users in health facilities of Hawassa city, southern Ethiopia, 2019. Methods Institution-based cross-sectional design was used. Systematic sampling was used to select study participants. Women who were users of long-acting contraceptives and had come to selected health facilities for method-related reasons were included in the study. Data collectors approached and recruited participants before they contacted their care providers. Data were collected from study subjects using a pretested, structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews after participants had contacted care providers. Results are presented using the crude and adjusted ORs with corresponding 95% CIs. Results The overall proportion of reversible long-acting contraceptive discontinuation was 56.6% (95% CI 52.30%, 61.10%). Maternal education at primary level (AOR 2.33, 95% CI 1.15–4.74), lack of counseling (AOR 2.50, 95% CI 1.01–6.18), side effects (AOR 2.10, 95% CI 1.31–3.34), and desire to be pregnant (AOR 2.22; 95CI 1.50–3.30) were the major factors in discontinuation. Conclusion In this study, the overall proportion of discontinuation of reversible long-acting contraceptives was high. Maternal education at primary level, lack of counseling, side effects, and desire to be pregnant were the key factors associated with discontinuation of the contraceptives. Health professionals should provide counseling on the side effects before insertion.


Statement of the Problem: Adults diagnosed with Motor Neurone Disease (MND) and similar neurological conditions face a time-limited future with few treatment options and no cure. Their experience of receiving a diagnosis is distressing, even when 'given well'. Distress is exacerbated by waiting times, notions of illegitimacy, progressive and frightening symptoms. This paper draws on a number of studies, using phenomenological qualitative interviews of over 50 families (around 10% of families who live with MND in Scotland) since 2011. The research draws on the social model of disability, to determine where barriers to being and doing are constructed for participants, and what can be done to remove them. It will reflect particularly on experiences of diagnosis and use Bury's notion of biographical disruption to examine the impact of this on identity. Further this paper will draw on a recent evaluation of the Speak Unique project (voice-banking, and restoration to produce personalized voices) and the value of participating in medical research.
Findings: The families who participated unanimously reported difficult experiences of diagnosis. Many struggled to have symptoms taken seriously, to access neurological services, most waited over a year to be diagnosed, many felt consultants avoided a diagnosis, and some felt abandoned following diagnosis. In contrast, participants who were taken seriously, with a shorter wait to diagnosis (<6 months) and met with a neurological nurse around the time of diagnosis, were less 'disrupted'. Being aware of, and involved in research opportunities gave participants a sense of 'doing' that enabled a recovery of identity.
Conclusion & Significance: Professionals working with, and for, adults with neurological conditions, particularly MND, are fully aware of the brutality of these conditions. This paper contributes to wider understandings of how families cope outside of medicalized spaces, and what support they need, above what is currently available.


: An ever growing flow of patients requires a good deal of time for the planning of irradiation procedures of patients and causes errors during manual calculations. A small-size computer EC 1010 is proposed for the calculation of dosimetric parameters of irradiation procedures on gamma-beam therapeutic units. A specially designed program is intended for the calculation of dosimetric parameters for different methods of moving and static irradiation taking into account tissue heterogeneity: multifield static irradiation, multizone rotation irradiation, irradiation using dose field forming devices (V-shaped filters, edge blocks, a grid diaphragm). In addition to the main calculated values, the listing contains in a suitable form all necessary information: the patient's name, date of calculation, a unit type for irradiation, irradiation procedure parameters. The computation of output parameters according to each preset program of irradiation takes no more than 1 min. The use of the computer EC 1010 for the calculation of dosimetric parameters of irradiation procedures gives an opportunity to considerably reduce calculation time, to avoid possible errors and to simplify the drawing up of documents.


Shifting Datum is an installation that critically examines the relationship between New Orleans – a city much of which is at or below current sea level – and changes in relative sea level. With the increasing interest among the artists and designers on how to integrate research into their practice, we present Shifting Datum as a critical inquiry speculating on environmental issues such as rising sea levels. This paper introduces the recent movement of speculative design, frames Shifting Datum as a critical lens for inquiry into the near future, and describes the process of developing and fabricating the installation.


Astragaloside IV is the main ingredient of the medicinal herb Radix astragali, which has reported to have antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. To determine whether the inhibitory effect of astragaloside IV on the invasion and metastasis of the cervical cancer cells is associated with epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT), wound healing and Transwell assays were performed using SiHa cervical cancer cells and demonstrated that astragaloside IV inhibited invasion and migration of human SiHa cervical cancer cells in vitro. Immunocytochemical and western blot analyses indicated that astragaloside IV inhibited EMT by affecting the expression of transforming growth factor‑β1 (TGF‑β1) and E‑cadherin in the cancer cells. Two Smad‑independent pathways mediated by TGF‑β1 were identified to be associated with the effects of astragaloside IV, namely, mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathways. The data indicated that astragaloside IV has inhibitory effects on phosphorylation of P38 MAPK, PI3K, AKT and mTOR of SiHa cells of cervical cancer. Furthermore, MAPK and PI3K pathway inhibitors were administered to the cancer cells and the expression of E‑cadherin, a marker of EMT, was determined by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated that MAPK and PI3K pathways were involved in the inhibitory effect of astragaloside IV on EMT. In vivo small animal imaging techniques was performed and demonstrated that astragaloside IV inhibited the metastasis of cervical cancer cells. Taken together, the findings demonstrated that astragaloside IV inhibits the invasion and migration of cervical cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.


Transitions are inevitable, and are part of a continuous process of invention and exploration that is often linked to disequilibrium and dissonance (Stacey, 1992). Beginning professionals are often frustrated with the uncertainty and realities of their profession. This paper reports on a case study that aimed to identify early childhood education students' transition issues and to enhance their transition from the final semester of study into professional practice. Forty-two Bachelor of Education (Early Childhood) students were surveyed, via an online questionnaire, in the final weeks of their final semester to gain an understanding of their expectations as they prepared to make the transition from student to professional.
The project aimed to develop a framework for supporting the transition journey for these students as they found a place within the field to develop and construct identities that align with the community in which they are socially situated. Taking into consideration the demands of first year professionals, communication and support was via online engagement. Three phases of transition (Bridges, 2003) were identified. As students left university to transition into professional practice, they experienced feelings of insecurity, and a sense of loss and uncertainty. Also, during this first stage, they perceived personal and professional attributes as interchangeable. In the second phase, graduates struggled with their new identities, and searched for answers to their insecurities. Some searched for answers from their university peers; others sought out peer mentoring and professional development opportunities in their sites. In the third stage, graduates were able to separate personal and professional qualities, and could begin to look back on their transition experiences in a more reflective way. Findings from this work have informed the provision of learning opportunities, experiences and approaches which have been strategically embedded in the final year units of study at university.


Research shows that school climate can affect a student's well-being, academic success, and connectedness to a school. This research is largely understood from the experience of students who have either been born in the United States or who are part of an immigration group that has been in school for many years. Refugee youth's experiences of school climate have not been part of this large body of research. This study aimed to address this gap in the literature. Using a grounded theory approach, this study examined the impact school climate has on the academic experience of refugee youth. More specifically, the study explored the critical components of school climate for refugee youth and any role acculturative press may play in that experience. Using a semi-structured interview process, fifteen youth who arrived in the United States as high school students were interviewed about their experience of school climate. Interviews were conducted both in English and through a translator who spoke a participant's first language. Demographic questionnaires were used to collect information about age, country of origin, described home country, length in school prior to arrival in the United States, date of arrival, and current year in school. Students identified teaching and learning, safety and conflict, and interpersonal relationships as all being critical components of their experience of a school's climate as they built a pathway to belonging to the school and its members. Experiences of acculturative press that were more multiculturalist in nature were articulated as supportive experiences that created a stronger connection to the school. Experiences that were more assimilationist in nature were articulated as barriers to belonging and as leading to a decreased sense of safety and an increased disconnection to the school community. Learning English, understanding the rules and expectations of the school, and building relationships, including friendships, were connected to greater participation in school life and a greater sense of belonging.


The anamorphic species Colletotrichum gloeosporioides has never been adequately typified according to modern nomenclatural practice, resulting in uncertainty as to application of the named A lectotype specimen is therefore designated to preserve current usage, with an epitype also chosen as eligible lectotype material is not preserved in a living state. The epitype strain is described and characterized using morphological and molecular methods. There are three distinct rDNA ITS sequences of the epitype strain in GENBANK, so it has been re-sequenced to confirm the true base-pair structure.


PURPOSE
Dental caries is the most common disease of children and remains a significant oral health problem worldwide for both children and adults. The traditional paradigm of treating dental caries solely by "drilling and filling," brushing and flossing and lowering sugar intake has evolved. Current science in the management of dental caries suggests a clear focus on the reduction of responsible infectious agents, remineralization of non-cavitated lesions and minimally invasive restorative approaches whenever possible. The paradigm shift is away from a purely surgical approach toward more preventive and curative clinical protocols. This paper provides a review of this caries management methodology and explores the role of the dental hygienist in this paradigm change.


This study describes the spatial heterogeneousness of the chemical composition of underground waters, particularly the trace elements, and the carbon-13 isotope in several carbonate aquifers of the alpine belt in Europe. The research forms part of the AQUITYP project which have been worked on the last 14 years by the Geology laboratory of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (GEOLEP). The main aim of the project is to define the typology of the aquifers, based on the chemical characterisation of underground waters. The carbonate aquifers has been divided in several groups chosen after geological, geographical and hydrological criterias. The geological criterias are petrography and depositional environments of carbonates. The geographical criteria is the altitude of the catchment area. The criteria hydrology is the type of flow in karstic systems. The first stage of this research consisted of a selection of 87 carbonate aquifers divided in 13 regions of study in the alpine belt between France and Greece. Aquifers were selected in order to guarantee the absence of external contamination in groundwaters. Sampling were carried out in a period of base-flow, when groundwaters are equilibrated with rocks. The analyse of 112 samples of water provided the basis of the observations of the various chemical and isotopic composition of groundwaters of carbonate aquifers. Lixiviation of rocks forming aquifers provides information about geogenic origin of some trace elements. The geological and hydrogeological context of aquifers The aquifers studied are composed of platform and basin limestones, that form part of the paleogeographic domain of the Tethys. One example of Devonian limestone belongs to the complex of the Palaeozoic of Graz is also included. Each aquifer has homogenous petrographic composition, but from one aquifer to another the petrographic composition may differ. In this research are included pure limestones, marly limestones and dolomites. From a hydrogeological point of view the 87 aquifers show different degrees of karstification, they are placed either in regions of mountains (caracterised by an important hydraulic gradient), either in region of plateau. The surface of the catchment areas is variable between ten km2 (for example the karstic plateau in Slovenia) and a few km2 (for example the Parmelan massif from subalpine belt in France). Discharges of springs are also variable, between 1 and 1000 l/s. The chemical characterisation of water The study of the chemical typology of the waters of carbonate aquifers are carried out on non thermal water rich in oxygen (median values: temperature 8.8°C, dissolved oxygen 11.8 mg/l, Eh 0.4 V, pH 7.2). The total dissolved solids differs between 100 and 600 mg/l. Underground waters are calcium bicarbonate type. Within these facies in some cases, the Mg and S04 content can be superior, thus defining two sub-facies. The iodine content in the groundwaters of carbonate aquifers usually shows higher values than the other types of aquifers of the project AQUITYP. Concentration in the groundwaters of carbonate aquifers is variable between 10 and 60 µg/l. The origin of iodine is caused by the oxidation of fossil organic matter present in the carbonate rocks. Trace elements allows to distinguish groups of aquifers composed of pure limestones, dolomite or deep sea limestones : pure limestones. The aquifers composed of pure limestones are marked by a very small concentration of trace elements. This can be explained by the poorness of the detrital materials (clays, Fe-Mn oxides, heavy minerals) and the compact lithology that reduces the surface of water-rock interaction. dolomite. The typical elements of dolomite aquifers are Mg, U and Mo. The high primary porosity and the brittle deformation of this type of rock favorise a better water rock interaction compared to poor reef limestone aquifers. Examples of this group of aquifers have been selected in the Italian Dolomites and in the Zone of Karavanke in Slovenia deep sea limestones. The barium is a geogenic tracer in some aquifers composed of basin limestones. The aquifers of the Maiolica and of the Scaglia in the Apennine and the Malm aquifer (spring of Grandchamp) in the Prealpes in Switzerland have a high level of Ba in groundwater (between 60 and 220 µg/l). The limiting factor of Ba mobility in this carbonate environment is the concentration of SO42- in the water. The SO42- makes the Ba precipitate in shape of barytes. This process explains the presence of barytes in fractures found in the aquifer of the Calcare Massiccio in the Apennines. The content of carbonate-13 in groundwaters allows to make a distinction between waters infiltrated in catchment areas with or without vegetation and soils. This isotope is also interpreted as a tracer of the type of underground flow in Karstic system (rapid flow in Karstic channels or slow flow in little fractures of the rock). For the project an example has been taken in Tanneben karst, in Austria. This karst shows that water with a slow flow from blocks has a higher 13C content in comparison with fast flow channel water. Finally some analysis of waters from the bottom of soils on the Jura belt in Switzerland showed that during little rain periods the content of isotope is comparable to the one of slow flow waters of the unsaturated zone in the karst. This demonstrate that the isotopic exchange with rock is completed at low horizon in the soil. The vanadium is a geogenic tracer in the Malm aquifer of the Jura belt in Switzerland and in the Cretaceous aquifer in the region of Trieste, in Italy. The origin of vanadium differs in these two examples. In the Jura belt the vanadium comes probably from marly layers of limestones of the low Portlandien. In the region of Trieste the element vanadium is present in bituminous carbonate sediments from inner platform (Calcari bituminosi from Paleocene). In conclusion the importance and the limits of the chemical criterion for the typology of aquifers are shown. This method of distinction of groups of limestone aquifers is one of the tools which permit the determination of the origin of water sources, particularly in underground and borehole construction projects.


Social work is a practising profession and when students undergo a social work undergraduate course they are expected to learn and apply the knowledge, skills and values necessary for their future social work career. As an educator, the challenge exists in determining whether students have learnt the material and are prepared to implement the knowledge, skills and values into practice. Current theories on teaching and learning are useful tools to educators who want to ensure that course units are maximizing students' learning potential. This paper focuses on the application of three established teaching and learning theories implemented in a social work module. The paper begins with an overview of Biggs' theory of Constructive Alignment, Biggs' four levels of understanding/Bloom's Taxonomy, and Race's five factors that underpin successful learning. The paper describes the integration of the theories to a social work undergraduate module through the following four-step process: (1) revisit learning outcomes; (2) determine teaching methods and learning activities; (3) design assessment; and (4) receive feedback/evaluate. The students' learning experiences were positively reflected through their personal learning outcomes, formative feedback and summative feedback, which demonstrated the ability to maximize student learning through the incorporation of teaching and learning theory.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the role of cytology in differentiating serous surface carcinoma of the peritoneum (SSCP) from other morphologically similar tumors, including ovarian carcinoma and other peritoneal lesions, and to define the value of cytology in the follow-up of patients with SSCP.

STUDY DESIGN
Twenty-one ascitic fluids and seven peritoneal washings obtained from 19 patients with histologically confirmed SSCP were reviewed and their cytologic features tabulated and analyzed.

RESULTS
Eighteen of the specimens were from initial diagnostic paracenteses or exploratory laparotomies. These showed mostly three-dimensional tumor cell clusters, as well as single malignant cells, with occasional papillae. The cytoplasm was abundant and often vacuolated. The cytomorphologic features of SSCP enabled differentiation from other conditions involving the peritoneal surface, including mesothelial hyperplasia, malignant mesothelioma, endometriosis and endosalpingiosis. However, there were no characteristic features that differentiated SSCP from metastatic serous carcinoma of the ovary. Four of the peritoneal washings were from second-look operations; in each of these cases the presence of tumor cells in the cytologic preparations correlated with positive biopsy results. Furthermore, six of the paracenteses were performed for recurrent ascites and enabled detection of recurrent disease, obviating the need for invasive procedures.

CONCLUSION
Cytomorphologic examination of ascitic fluids and peritoneal washings serves a valuable role in the initial diagnosis of SSCP, in the detection of recurrent disease and as a useful adjunct to multiple biopsies in the second-look operation. It can differentiate SSCP from several other lesions but not from serous carcinoma of the ovary.


Knowledge of the author's identity and style can by used in the fight against forged and and anonymous documents and illegal actions in the Internet. Nowadays, there are many systems dedicated to solving stylometric tasks, but they are predominantly designed only for a specific task; they are used exclusively by their owners; or they do not natively support any Slavic languages. Therefore, we present new open-source modular system Style & Identity Recognition (SIR). The system is designed to support any stylometric tasks with minimal efforts (or event by default) by combining dynamic stylometry features selection and prediction driven by input data labels. The system is free for non-commercial applications and easy to use, therefore it can be helpful for people dealing with threatening e-mails or sms, children forum protection against pedophiles and other tasks. Being customizable and freely accessible, it can be also used as a baseline for other systems solving stylometry tasks. System combines machine learning techniques and nature language processing tools. It is written in Python and it is dependent on other opensource Python libraries.


Objective To examine the effects of pregnancy planning, time to conception and assisted reproductive treatment on expressive language ability at 3 years. Design Population-based cohort (Sweeps 1 and 2 of the UK Millennium Cohort Study). Setting UK. Participants 11 790 English-speaking singletons born 2000–2001. Exposure measure Mothers reported whether the pregnancy was planned, and their feelings when first pregnant. Women who planned their pregnancy provided time to conception (TTC) and details of any assisted reproductive treatment (ART). The population was divided into "unintended" pregnancies (unplanned and unhappy about pregnancy), "unplanned" pregnancies (unplanned but happy), "planned" (planned and TTC≤12 months), "subfertile" (planned and TTC>12 months), "ovulation stimulated (OS)" (received clomiphene citrate) and "ART" (in vitro fertilisation or intracytoplasmic sperm injection). Outcome measure Expressive language ability was assessed using the Naming Vocabulary component of the British Ability Scale. There is evidence that expressive language skills predict cognitive ability. Results 15% of pregnancies were unintended and a further 26% were unplanned. 53% were planned; 4% subfertile; 2% used OS and 1% ART to help them conceive. The mean BAS naming vocabulary score was 76.5 in the planned group and was not significantly different in the OS or subfertile groups. In the unadjusted analysis the mean score was lower among the unintended and unplanned groups (difference in mean score was −4.8 (95% CI −6.0 to 3.7) and −2.8 (95% CI −3.4 to −1.51) respectively) and higher in the ART group (3.8 (95% CI −0.2 to 7.85)). This equates to a 3.8 month cognitive delay in the unintended group, and to a 3.0 month advantage in the ART group, compared to the planned group. These effects almost entirely disappear once the models are adjusted for sociodemographic factors (parent's income, qualifications, mother's age, whether the baby is her first child and alcohol in pregnancy). Compared to the fertile group, the difference in means becomes −0.9 (95% CI −1.9 to 0.2) in the unintended group, −0.4 (95% CI −1.2 to 0.4) in the planned group and 1.2 (95% CI −2.0 to 4.4) in the ART group. Further adjustment for lifecourse mediating factors (birthweight, parent-child relationship, and parental involvement) makes little difference to the final results. Conclusions We find no evidence that pregnancy planning, subfertility or ART adversely affects children's expressive language ability at 3 years of age. The effects observed in the crude analyses are almost entirely explained by confounding by socio-economic factors, indicating that maternal education and poverty are strong influences on children's cognitive tests in early childhood.


It is well established that in many scenarios there is no single solver that will provide optimal performance across a wide range of problem instances. Taking advantage of this observation, research into algorithm selection is designed to help identify the best approach for each problem at hand. This segregation is usually based on carefully constructed features, designed to quickly present the overall structure of the instance as a constant size numeric vector. Based on these features, a plethora of machine learning techniques can be utilized to predict the appropriate solver to execute, leading to significant improvements over relying solely on any one solver. However, being manually constructed, the creation of good features is an arduous task requiring a great deal of knowledge of the problem domain of interest. To alleviate this costly yet crucial step, this paper presents an automated methodology for producing an informative set of features utilizing a deep neural network. We show that the presented approach completely automates the algorithm selection pipeline and is able to achieve significantly better performance than a single best solver across multiple problem domains.


In this era of smart applications, the advancement of mobile technology has improved the style of living. Specifically, confining the focus to mobile communication, mobile phones have become an inevitable part of human being. With the invent of cellular communication technology, the world looks smaller and connected to every nook and corner. The modern day technology has made improvised cellular communication in terms of portability, quality of service, reliability, affordability and various other features offered to users. This led to scarcity in network resources in terms of bandwidth and signalling cost, specifically finding the location of a mobile user in the network. One critical feature that enables the ubiquitous communication in the location management which is perceived to provide standard quality of service even under very harsh and unexpected conditions. The main objective of this thesis is to examine as well as access the e-ciency of the cost effectiveness of the cellular network location management by the use of soft computing techniques and to ensure e-cient bandwidth management in the mobile computing network. This work focusses mainly on reduction of location management cost on the basis of MSC's (Mobile Switching Center) prediction of user's next location using his/her past histroy. Many pros and cons of the different techniques are also highlighted in this thesis.

In the recent years, even though many prediction techniques are adopted in various engineering fields, still statistical analysis and artificial intelligence methods have not been explored much in the implementation of mobile location management. So in this dissertation, statistical analysis and dynamic nonlinear predictor models have been explored to validate the techniques of location management for forecasting the location of a mobile user to easily forward the call or SMS without degradion of quality of service. Further, based on the user's mobility, it is required to optimise the network so as to reduce the signalling cost that incurs during the operation of location update and paging, two basic component of mobility management operations. Some nature inspired softcomputing algorithms such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Binary Bat Algorithm (BBA) are used to defend the accuracy of the location management issues. Similarly, the hybrid BPSO-BGA technique has also been verified for the optimization of network compared to the genetic algorithm under identical situation. Performances of all these techniques have been tested for static networks of different sizes to claim the e-ciency of the models. Dynamic management like profile based paging has also been investigated with the real data to protect the bandwidth issue in our work. So, the results of the proposed pro le based paging approach are analysed and compared with Hyper location area (Hypo-La) paging which is found to be encouraging.

This research work has a significance in identifying the limitations of the previous work as well as overcoming of issues by proposing novel ideas. The analytical and simulated results show the applicability of the proposed methods on both the test network and the real networks.


The damage survey of the Niigata-ken Chuetsu-Oki, Japan earthquake (M JMA = 6.8) of July 16, 2007 was conducted by the reconnaissance team of Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI), Kyoto university. The area with dimension of 24 km x 19 km is investi- gated by the reconnaissance team. This paper reports the seismological aspects and observed geotechnical and structural damage during the damage survey in the area. The landslides, liquefaction and ground settlements were the most important geotechnical features that caused serious damage to the lifelines and buildings. Especially, landslides caused major damage to the railways and roads. The building damage survey was conducted around Kashiwazaki city hall where the K-net strong motion station was located. The damage to the buildings was classified as D2 or D3 within 100m around the city hall. Meanwhile, the collapsed wooden houses (D6 Grade) were mostly concentrated in Higashi Honmachi street situated in 280 m south of city hall. Most of the wooden house, concrete block fences and tomb stones seem to have collapsed in the northwest-southeast direction falling to the east as to the west. This direction was found to be in the direction of slip on the fault.


This paper describes single-balanced passive GaAs FET mixers with different balancing principles for the lower GHz range. The mixers achieve conversion losses of about 7 dB and input third-order intercept points (IIP3) of up to 44 dBm. Port isolation values of more than 70 dB have been achieved. Different balancing topologies, design process and results are being discussed.


As fieldbus networks are becoming accessible from the Internet, security mechanisms to grant access only to authorized users and to protect data are becoming essential. This paper proposes a formally based approach to the analysis of such systems, both at the security protocols level and at the system architecture level. This multilevel analysis allows the evaluation of the effects of an attack on the overall system, due to security problems that affect the underlying security protocols. A case study on a typical fieldbus security system validates the approach.


Background: In the last 5 decades, the care of cardiac surgical patients has improved with the aid of strategies aimed at facilitating patient recovery. One of the innovations in this context is "fast-tracking" or "rapid recovery." This process refers to all interventions that aim to shorten a patient's stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) through accelerating the patient's transfer to a step-down or telemetry unit and to the general ward. Methods: Patients were allocated to 2 groups. The fasttrack group (n = 84) went through an independent theatre recovery unit (TRU). The patients were then transferred on the same day to an intermediate care unit and transferred on the following day to the ward. The intensive care group (52 patients) went to the ICU for at least 1 day, after which they were transferred to the ward. Results and Discussion: The fast-track pathway signifi cantly reduced the length of stay (LOS) in an intensive care facility (P < .001). The duration of intubation was reduced from a median of 4.08 hours (range, 1.17-13.17 hours) in the intensive care group to 2.75 hours (range, 0.25-18.57 hours) in the fast-track group (P < .001). However, the median values for total hospital LOS, incidences of complications, reintubation, and readmission were similar for the 2 groups. The incidence of failure in the fast-track group was 10%. The mean (SD) cost of the perioperative care was £4182 ± £2284 ($6683 ± 3650) for the fast-track patients, compared with £4553 ± £1355 ($7277 ± $2165) for the intensive care group. Conclusion: Fast-track recovery after cardiac surgery decreases the intensive care LOS and the total duration of intubation. It is a cost-effective strategy compared with conventional recovery protocols; however, it does not reduce the total hospital LOS or the incidence of complications.


In the Nuussuaq Basin, West Greenland, a thick succession of Tertiary dolerites has penetrated Upper Cretaceous mudstone. The mixed-layer minerals of mudstone core samples have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction, solid-state 29Si and 27A1 magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, Mössbauer and infrared spectroscopies, thermal analysis, chemical analysis, stable isotopes (18O/16O), and K/Ar dating. The mixed-layer minerals include for each sample two mixed-layer phases consisting of pyrophyllite, margarite, paragonite, tobelite, illite, smectite and vermiculite layers. The main, 80 m thick intrusion resulted in the formation of pyrophyllite, margarite, paragonite and tobelite layers. However, the tobelite layers are absent in samples <21 m from this intrusion. Furthermore, chlorite was formed and kaolinite destroyed in samples adjacent to minor intrusions and at distances <60 m from the large intrusion. For the first time, the detailed, complex mixed-layer structures formed during contact metamorphism of kaolinitic, oil-forming mudstones have been investigated accurately. The formation of tobelite layers reveals that oil formation has taken place during contact metamorphism. Furthermore, K/Ar dating of mixed-layer minerals from shale indicates that the intrusives are of early Eocene age. The 80 m thick intrusive is responsible for the main mixed-layer transformations, whereas two thin (3 m and 0.5 m thick) intrusions contribute little. Thus, the detailed mixed-layer investigation has contributed significantly to the understanding of the regional geology and the contact metamorphic processes.


Background Little is known about the value of clinical examination in relation to diagnostic imaging for acute groin injuries in athletes. Primary aim: to investigate whether clinical examination tests predict a positive or negative MRI result (MRI±). Secondary aim: to assess accuracy of clinical tests to localise injury in MRI+ cases. Methods We consecutively included 81 male athletes with acute groin injuries. Standardised clinical examination (palpation, resistance and stretch tests) and MRI were performed within 7 days of injury. Diagnostic statistics including positive and negative predictive values (PPV/NPV) were calculated. Results 85 acute injuries were found on MRI in 64 (79%) athletes with 17 (21%) athletes having MRI− injuries. Palpation had the highest NPV (91–96%, (95% CI 69% to 99%)). 3 specific adductor examination tests (resisted outer range adduction, squeeze test with hip neutral and long lever, and passive adductor stretch) showed 80–81% (95% CI 63% to 91%) probability of an MRI+ adductor lesion when positive, all with high accuracy of a correct MRI location (PPV 93–97% (95% CI 76% to 100%)). Hip flexor tests showed poor ability to predict MRI+ lesions (PPV 34–63% (95% CI 20% to 84%)) and low accuracy (PPV 17–71% (95% CI 7% to 85%)). Conclusions 21% of athletes had negative imaging and the absence of palpation pain was best at predicting an MRI− result. Specific adductor examination tests accurately predicted MRI+ adductor injuries. Hip flexor clinical tests were poor at predicating and localising MRI+ injuries in the hip flexors. Clinical examination appears sufficient to diagnose acute adductor injuries, whereas MRI could assist in accurately locating acute hip flexor injuries.


To prospectively identify the determinants of persistent or accelerated loss of lung function among workers occupationally exposed to asbestos and assess the relative contribution of cigarette smoking, asbestos-induced pleural fibrosis, and specific findings from bronchoalveolar lavage and high resolution CT scans, we examined the determinants of lung function changes in 117 subjects occupationally exposed to asbestos for at least 1 yr in a high exposure setting. A minimum of 20 yr was required between the first exposure to asbestos and entry into the study. Baseline studies included an independent assessment of dyspnea, lung volumes, diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO), a chest radiograph, a high resolution CT (HRCT) scan, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Subjects were observed for an average of 2 yr (range, 0.5 to 4.0 yr), and lung function was measured on at least two separate occasions (mean, 4.1 separate tests). During the period of observation, there was an average 1.5% decrease in the TLC and a 2.5% decrease in the DLCO. In this longitudinal data set, after controlling for age, height, pack-years of cigarette smoking, and follow-up time, persistently lower measures of TLC were independently related to moderate to severe dyspnea (p = 0.005), diffuse pleural thickening (p = 0.007), and higher concentrations of fibronectin in BAL fluid (p = 0.01). Interstitial lung disease either on the chest radiograph or HRCT scan was not independently associated with persistently lower measures of TLC during the period of observation. However, none of the clinical variables we examined were associated with an accelerated decline in TLC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


This study examines the multiple and energetic ways the visually impaired persons perceive the image of their body in relation to their social identity. It as well examines the issue of disability, blindness and chronic disease regarding the social construction of everyday life of these people. The contribution is based on the qualitative sociological analysis of empirical material that was collected mainly in the form of semi-structured interviews with participants that experience severe difficulties with their vision. Triangulation was applied in order to ensure increased reliability and validity of the results. People with vision problems construct their social identity based on a strong relationship to their senses and bodies. More particularly, the interpretative schemes of the participants in research reveal that they follow concrete strategies promoting personal care and hygiene in order to increase the possibilities to interact with other social groups. Visually impaired people, as the interviews reveal, seem to emphasize more on their personal experiences than their external appearance, always compared to subjects with "normal" vision levels. The findings demonstrate that there is a significant difference in the ways people with visual impairment understand social reality and interact with others according to whether they have this problem since their birth or faced it at a later stage of their biography. The results may allow investments in medical economy with important repercussion in the well being of these people and in this sector of socio-economics. These investments may assist these people to get socially included and be energetic and active instead of being dependant and passive. That implies that some of these people may be included in some tasks with economic value.


In this paper, we propose a new approach for the automatic audio-based out-of-scene detection of audio-visual data, recorded by different cameras, camcorders or mobile phones during social events. All recorded data is clustered to out-of-scene and in-scene datasets based on confidence estimation of cepstral pattern matching with a common master track of the event, recorded by a reference camera. The core of the algorithm is based on perceptual time-frequency analysis and confidence measure based on distance distribution variance. The results show correct clustering in 100% of cases for a real life dataset and surpass the performance of cross correlation while keeping lower system requirements.


Abstract: Direct measurements of the dispersal of markers in endolymph have failed to support previously established hypotheses of endolymph homeostasis, specifically longitudinal flow, radial flow, and dynamic flow theories. Rather, they suggest that in the normal state endolymph is maintained without a significant involvement of volume flow at all. Ions appear to be transported into and out of the endolymphatic space in a similar manner to that for a single cell, with each ion transport process contributing to the electrolyte pool. In abnormal volume states, however, longitudinal volume flow of endolymph may contribute to homeostasis. Procedures that enlarge the endolymphatic space result in endolymph flow toward the base of the cochlea, contributing to the removal of electrolytes and volume. Similarly, procedures that decrease cochlear endolymph volume induce apically directed flow in the cochlea, contributing to the addition of electrolytes and volume to the endolymphatic space. The endolymphatic sac responds to endolymph volume disturbance, showing opposite responses to volume increases and decreases. Although evidence is still limited, the endolymphatic sac appears to act as a "bidirectional overflow" system. While volume disturbances originating from out‐of‐balance transport processes anywhere in the labyrinth may be corrected by the sac, dysfunction of the sac itself is likely to have a substantial effect on endolymph status.


Background and Aims: The term Systemic Mastocytosis (SM) identifies a poorly understood group of rare and clinically heterogenous myeloproliferative neoplasms characterized by abnormal growth and activation of mast cells (MCs) and their precursors in the bone marrow and in various tissues and organs. Based on phenotype and extent of organ infiltration/dysfunction, a spectrum of disease variants can be recognized ranging from indolent SM (ISM) to aggressive SM (ASM) and mast cell leukemia (MCL). The fact that in all cases, including ISM who have a (near) normal life expectancy, neoplastic MCs display the same D816V KIT gene mutation points to additional mechanisms and molecular defects as responsible for ASM and MCL. So far, however, this issue has mainly been addressed with targeted resequencing studies of candidate gene panels. We thus decided to undertake an integrated molecular characterization study of ASM and MCL to identify novel, functionally relevant molecular lesions and/or clinically actionable signaling pathways. Methods: A discovery panel including 6 patients with ASM and 6 patients with MCL was studied using whole exome sequencing (WES) and copy number variation (CNV) analysis. WES (80x) was performed on a Hiseq 2500 (Illumina). CNV was done using Cytoscan HD Arrays (Affymetrix). Paired normal/MC DNA was analyzed in all but 2 archival MCL cases for whom germline DNA was not available. A validation panel of 30 ISM, 5 smoldering SM and 20 additional ASM was also included in this study. Results: In the discovery panel, WES identified a total of 1554 point mutations, small insertions and deletions. Seven hundred and eighty-five were non-silent mutations in 698 genes, with an average of 51 (range, 30-186) non-silent mutations per patient. Non-silent mutations included 354 missense mutations, 188 nonsense mutations, 145 frameshift insertions/deletions, 98 non-frameshift insertions/deletions. C to T transitions were by far the most frequent. Orthogonal validation estimated the accuracy of mutation calls at >95%. Interrogation of the COSMIC and OMIM databases revealed 42 known cancer genes. Among the missense mutations, 87 were predicted to have a high probability of being deleterious by Condel. MCL cases were found not to harbour a higher mutation load as compared to ASM cases. High resolution CN analysis showed that focal amplifications/deletions/loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH) were prevalent over arm-level alterations (found in 3 patients only). Genes were selected for further assessment when recurrently mutated in ≥2 patients or concurrently identified in WES and CNV analyses or previously associated with leukemogenesis or cancer pathogenesis. Among these, genes already reported to be affected by mutations in SM included TET2, NRAS, ASXL1, CBL, IDH1, SRSF2, SF3B1, RUNX1. We also identified genetic alterations in genes not previously implicated in SM pathogenesis including TP53BP1, RUNX3, NCOR2, CDC27, CCND3, EI24, MLL3, ARID1B, ARID3B, ARID4A, SETD1A, SETD1B, KDM1B, PRDM1, ATM, WRN. A long tail of infrequently mutated genes dominated, resulting in significant intertumoural heterogeneity. However, when genes were assigned to functional pathways to discern patterns of mutations across different patients, we found that PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways, calcium pathway, chromatin modification, DNA methylation, and DNA damage repair were consistently affected (Figure 1). Further assessment of the mutation frequency of selected genes within each pathway and functional validation at the protein level are currently ongoing in the validation panel. Preliminary findings on a tumor suppressor selected among those identified by WES show transcript and/or protein downmodulation due to inactivating mutations, transcriptional silencing or enhanced degradation in 17/20 ASM. Detailed results will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions: WES and CNV analyses of ASM and MCL revealed a complex landscape, not unexpected when considering the clinical heterogeneity of these patients. Nonetheless, key pathways were found to be recurrently altered. Further investigation of selected candidate genes and pathways is warranted and will cast light on the cooperative genetic (and epigenetic?) events underlying the more aggressive forms of SM - paving the way to a better prognostic stratification and more effective treatment. This study was supported by ELN, AIL, AIRC, progetto Regione-Universita 2010-12 (L. Bolondi), FP7 NGS-PTL project. Disclosures Soverini:Ariad: Consultancy; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy. Valent:Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Ariad: Honoraria, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria. Cavo:Janssen-Cilag, Celgene, Amgen, BMS: Honoraria. Martinelli:Novartis: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; BMS: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; ROCHE: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy; Ariad: Consultancy; AMGEN: Consultancy; MSD: Consultancy.


The author's intention in this paper is to inform the broader public of the historical development and major concepts of bibliometrics as an area of quantitative study of written communication, which today applies a set of modern methods and techniques of high-level statistical and mathematical formalization. Statistical and other quantitative concepts, models and methods have taken on increasing importance over the past decades and aroused the interest of researchers from disciplines in the humanities and social sciences to the study of various phenomena in their own fields of study by using nomotetic practices aimed at the general search for ideographic principles derived from individual cases. Different scientific fields have developed separate subdisciplines to try to quantify and measure the different variables of (non)material world, for example the quantification of mental activities within psychometrics, feelings and interpersonal relationships in sociometrics, empirical evidence of economic principles in econometrics, the application of economic theories and techniques in the study of social and economic history in cliometrics, the quantitative study of sets of bibliographic records of human creativity within bibliometrics.


This paper assesses how successfully reducing the incidence of overweight and obesity in the US to meet public health objectives might influence agricultural production. We also examine the consequent agri-environmental effects of the production changes. Our estimates show that a reduction in aggregate consumption by between 2 and 6 percent, associated with public health goals being met, would lead to reduced production of primary agricultural commodities, increased exports, and reduced discharge of agricultural pollutants. In both cases, neither the estimated changes in commodity production nor the subsequent environmental impacts would be uniform across the landscape. Results indicate that in value terms, the largest changes (either positive or negative) in agricultural producer net returns would occur in the Corn Belt and the Lake States; conversely, the largest impacts on consumer surplus would occur in the Northeast and Pacific regions.


This paper extends the literature that explores the dynamic response of the economy to technology shocks. The shocks used are "direct" measures of aggregate technology, measured as Solow residuals (aka , total factor productivity, or TFP) with an adjustment for variations in labor effort and capital's workweek. In addition, motivated by the growing body of literature on investment-specific technical change, the quarterly series is also decomposed into utilization-adjusted investment TFP and consumption TFP. As in Gali (1999) and Basu, Fernald, and Kimball (2006), hours worked fall for several periods following an improvement in technology.


Low serum cholesterol concentrations are associated with deaths from cancer. This association was found in a prospective study of middle aged men in Malmö and consideration of possible explanations for the lowering of serum cholesterol prompted an analysis of serum urate in relation to deaths from cancer. A total of 127 of the 7725 participants in the Malmö study had died since screening. A weakly positive but significant correlation between raised serum urate concentration and total mortality was found. This correlation was wholly explained by neoplastic deaths (p less than 0.01), while there were no associations with alcohol related deaths or with deaths from coronary heart disease. When the deaths from cancer were classified as "early" or "late"--that is, occurring less than or more than 2.5 years after the screening--the correlation between raised urate concentrations and cancer mortality was confined to the "early" deaths (p less than 0.001). Further studies are needed to substantiate the relation between raised serum urate concentrations and fatal neoplasia. Nevertheless, these findings weigh against recent suggestions that uric acid has an antioxidant protective effect against cancer.


Let $G$ be a connected graph with an even number of edges. We show that if the subgraph of $G$ induced by the vertices of odd degree has a perfect matching, then the line graph of $G$ has a $2$-factor whose connected components are cycles of even length (an even $2$-factor). For a cubic graph $G$, we also give a necessary and sufficient condition so that the corresponding line graph $L(G)$ has an even cycle decomposition of index $3$, i.e., the edge-set of $L(G)$ can be partitioned into three $2$-regular subgraphs whose connected components are cycles of even length. The more general problem of the existence of even cycle decompositions of index $m$ in $2d$-regular graphs is also addressed.


There has been an unprecedented increase in total knee replacement in recent years. The UK national joint registry recorded over 80,000 total knee replacements per year with a generally successful outcome. Improvements in modern knee replacement designs and surgical techniques has resulted in more and more young and active patients having knee replacements. Their more active lifestyles and increased life expectancy is also leading to a rise in revision knee surgery. The most common reason for revision knee replacement is for loosening as a result of wear and/or bone resorption. Revision knee tibial components typically use long stems to increase the stability in the presence of the proximal bone loss associated with implant removal and loosening. The stem design has been cited as a possible cause of the clinically reported pain at the stem end region. The aim of this study was to experimentally validate a finite element (FE) model and the analysis different load conditions and stem orientations in a stemmed tibial component. CT-scans of a composite tibia (Sawbones) were utilized to form a multi-body solid consisting of cortical bone and cancellous bone with an intramedullary canal. A fully cemented tibial component (Stryker) was virtually implanted in the composite tibia with the stem-end centred in the cancellous bone. The tibial compartment loads were distributed with a 60:40 (Medial: Lateral) and 80:20 ratio to simulate a normal and varus type knee. Several stem-end positions were developed with the modification of the tibias proximal resection angle. An experimental study using strain gauges applied to the same composite tibia was used to compare the results with the FE-model. The model was validated with the strain gauged experimental test specimens demonstrating a similar pattern and magnitude of predicted strains. The simulation of different stem-end orientations revealed an increase in strain to the posterior cortex below the stem-end with the stem in direct contact to the posterior cortical bone. A tibial stem fully surrounded by cancellous bone demonstrated a small increase to the proximal strains. The simulation of a varus aligned knee with a 80:20 (Medial: Lateral) load distribution shifted strain overall to the medial side and revealed a large increase of strain to the posterior-medial in the proximity of the stem-end. The intensification of the load on one side of the tibial plateau, associated with a varus aligned knee, developed the largest increase in strain beneath the stem-end region and is possibly a factor in the reported pain after surgery. The stem in close proximity to the posterior cortical bone is also a possible contributing factor to pain due to the increase of strain in the vicinity of the stem-end.


A hybrid power system (HPS) which consists of diesel Genset, PV-arrays and wind turbines with energy storing and power electronic devices is discussed in this paper. An inventory of different connection topologies is made for some of the sources that generate AC power and others that generate DC power. By comparative study on the system efficiency, the Mixed-coupled HPS is found to be the best layout and this layout is used for further investigation. By considering AC-load demand, solar irradiation and wind speed profiles of a typical site, the sizing approaches of the system elements are developed for the HPS. For the selected layout, eleven innovative Power Management Strategies (PMSs) are defined; and for each PMS, Mathematical models are derived based on the power balance between the supply and the demand sides, charging/ discharging control of the battery and switching controls for the Genset. The different HPSs are modeled using MATLAB/Simulink blocks and simulation results are analyzed. The different PMSs result to different sizing of system elements, power sharing, fuel consumption& environmental impacts, and cycles of batteries in the lifetime of the system. Finally, the hybrid system of each PMS is investigated for its cost competitiveness and environmental impacts by taking the economical aspects and fuel consumption into consideration. It is found that RESs and/or HPSs are cost competitive over the system life, in spite of the huge initial capital costs, for the variable costs of the Genset overshadows its low initial capital investment.


Sykes (1958) famously outlined five deprivations constituting the 'pains of imprisonment', later developed in a range of research, including research considering the gendered pains of imprisonment. Despite an increase in the visibility of transgender people in society and within prison settings, the specific pains of imprisonment experienced by transgender people have been largely overlooked. Within this context, this article analyses interviews with 13 transgender people in custody, facilitating an analysis of life within prison for transgender people. The article makes a unique contribution to the study of transgender people in custody within the devolved Scottish penal context, being the first to use the analytical lens of the 'pains of imprisonment' to consider the particular deprivations or frustrations that transgender people experience within prison settings.


Abstract Over the past four decades, forces have been set in motion that are proletarianizing professors—reducing their control over their workplaces. This has been in part propelled by a resurgence of laissez-faire doctrine that has legitimated public policies which have fueled soaring inequality. This article addresses the threat to freedom and economic dynamism posed by the debasement of professors by examining six forces that are driving the proletarianization of the professoriate: the replacement of tenured with contingent faculty, an expansion of for-profit colleges and universities, the rise of online education, the introduction of annual evaluations and merit pay, the development of outcomes assessment, and the increased reliance on external research funding. The essay then surveys how laissez-faire doctrine and rising inequality have led to cuts in government funding for higher education, have placed an increased emphasis on providing student consumers with vocational training as opposed to a liberal education, and have reshaped higher education through the introduction of corporate values within universities' systems of governance. The article concludes with reflections on the evolution of the status of professors in higher education as a symptom of the betrayed promises for personal and social life held forth by economic abundance following WWII.


This paper presents a 3D conflict avoidance algorithm in the presence of uncertainty. The objective of the algorithm is to ensure the safety of the airspace in the event of a failure in the communication, navigation or surveillance systems. The algorithm minimizes the number of maneuvers required to maintain the safety of the airspace under degraded conditions. Uncertainties are modeled as an increase in the required separation distance between aircraft. A single maneuver for each aircraft is chosen to maintain safe separation. Maneuvers include heading change, speed change and flight level change. Maneuvers are simple to execute and guarantee a conflict-free configuration after execution. Their feasibility is constrained by weather avoidance, sector boundaries and aircraft performance. A Mixed Integer Program is used to determine the set of maneuvers to be executed.


Lower interfaces in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), which are the basic components in many spintronic devices such as magnetoresistive random access memories, have crucial effects on the performance of these devices. To obtain more insight into such interfaces, we have introduced an ultrathin sensor layer of 57Fe at the interface between the lower electrode and the oxide barrier in selected MTJs. This allowed us to perform nuclear resonant scattering measurements, which provide direct information on the magnetic properties and quality of the interfaces. The application of nuclear resonant scattering to study interfaces in MTJs is a unique approach in the sense that it gives information at the atomic level, and specifically from the interface where the sensor layer is deposited. Samples with different tunnel barrier thicknesses and varied oxidation times in the preparation of this barrier have been studied. These show that oxidation can not only increase the magnetic hyperfine fields but also cause an interesting smoothing and crystallizing of the interface. Another interesting finding is the observation of boron diffusion into the lower part of the FeCoB lower electrode towards the Ta seed layer.


The goal of ulcerative colitis (UC) treatment has recently been shown to be "mucosal healing," as no drug directly induces mucosal healing. Probiotics possess sufficient safety, but their efficacy in the treatment of UC remains controversial because of the influence of intestinal conditions. It is believed that the identification of bioactive molecules produced by probiotics and their application will help to solve this issue. We therefore identified a probiotic‐derived long‐chain polyphosphate as a molecule enhancing the intestinal barrier function. This study demonstrated that long‐chain polyphosphate exhibited antiinflammatory effects in a human macrophage and interleukin‐10 knockout transfusion mouse model. The first‐in‐human trial showed that 7 of the 10 enrolled patients acquired clinical remission, 4 of whom achieved endoscopic remission despite a history of treatment with anti–tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–α agents. No adverse reactions were observed. Long‐chain polyphosphate might be useful for the treatment of refractory UC, even in patients with failure or intolerance to anti‐TNF‐α therapy.


This paper reflects on strategies employed by a private, faith-based school of public health to integrate community-engaged scholarship into its institutional fabric. The school, a member of the Community-Engaged Scholarship for Health Collaborative, followed Kotter' s eight steps to leading organizational change at favoring intentional community engagement that resulted in a broader university-wide effect. The authors describe how this model was implemented, and the lessons learned include recognizing the role that students, faculty, and administrators play in promoting communityengaged scholarship.


1 ABSTRACT The demonstration of landscape performance benefits has become increasingly important in landscape architecture practice and in communicating to interdisciplinary audiences. This paper provides an overview of the Landscape Architecture Foundation Case Study Investigation (CSI) program and introduces four built streetscape projects investigated in the 2012 CSI program, including a large-scale permeable pavement project in Charles City, Iowa, and the American Society of Landscape Architects' award-winning projects in Missouri, California, and Colorado. Unlike traditional streetscape design that mainly focuses on safety and engineering principles, these four streetscape projects tackled unique design challenges, and more importantly, have captured baseline data that help demonstrate landscape performance benefits and the effectiveness of design. Totally 32 performance benefits are captured through the CSI program (e.g., visual quality enhancement, and water and energy conservation). This paper specifically illustrates the 14 economic benefits. For each project, detailed methodology is provided for a selected economic benefit example demonstrating how the performance benefit was monetized. Findings suggest compelling economic benefits such as South Grand's streetscape project (Missouri), which is expected to provide $3 million annual savings to the City through significant reduction of traffic speed and accident rates and also the enhancement of pedestrian and ADA accessibility. The paper ends with a discussion on how streetscape projects can be improved through CSI research and key lessons learned from the CSI program (e.g., limited time-frame of conducting research and lack of financial support for first-hand data collection).