Several meta-analyses suggest that identifiable characteristics of self-regulated learning interventions result in improvement in students' academic performance and self-regulatory competence across content areas. Nevertheless, little is known about recent interventions and about specific characteristics of interventions that may be domain specific. In this systematic review, we targeted mathematics and reviewed 36 self-regulated learning intervention studies conducted with school-aged learners. We examined patterns of effective interventions with identified characteristics, such as theoretical guidance, type of strategies instructed, type of outcome assessments, and targeted outcomes. Findings revealed that those interventions grounded in metacognition-oriented theories and those interventions that targeted multiple strategies including cognitive, metacognitive, and motivational, tended to yield effective increases in both mathematics achievement and self-regulated learning. The review also examined patterns within interventions conducted from 1992 to 2020. Findings indicate recent interventions tend to adopt a social-cognitive SRL model and employ standardized knowledge assessments. Implications for practice and future self-regulated learning interventions in mathematics are discussed.


The journals and memoirs of 19th century explorers and travelers in the American West often told of viewing buffalo massed together as far as the eye could see. This book appropriately covers the subject of the buffalo as extensively as that animal covered the plains. Other recent accounts of the buffalo have focused on two or three aspects, emphasizing its natural history, the hunters and the hunted in prehistoric time, the relationship between the buffalo and the American Indian. David Dary's treatment stretches from horizon to horizon. Of course he discusses the origin of the buffalo in North America, its locations and migrations, its habits, its significance and role in both Indian and white cultures, its near demise, its salvation. But more. Dary weaves throughout his fact-filled book fascinating threads of lore and legend of this animal that literally helped mold who and what America is. Further, in addition to detailing the extinction which almost befell this mythic beast and the attempts to give life again to the herds, Dary concentrates significant attention on the buffalo as part of 20th century America in terms of captivity, husbandry, and symbol. The Buffalo Book rounds up all the contemporary buffalo. Dary has located just about every single buffalo alive today in the United States. He has visited or corresponded with everyone who raises a private or government herd, small or large. He maps their location, size, purpose, future. There are even some instructions about how to raise buffalo if one is so inclined. For the gourmet The Buffalo Book provides a number of recipes, such as Sweetgrass Buffalo and Beer Pie or Buffalo Tips a la Bourgogne. From the buffalo nickel to Wyoming's state flag, from The University of Colorado's mascot to Indiana's state seal, we picture and use the buffalo in hundreds of ways; Dary surveys the 19th and 20th century symbol adaptation of the animal.


The catalytic photodegradation of Rhodamine B with UV irradiation over NaMO3 (M= Ta and Nb) doped with Y2O3, La2O3, Nd2O3 and Sm2O3 has been studied in our laboratories. All catalysts were characterized by different techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and thermal analysis (DTA/TGA). Surface characterization of the solids was carried out from adsorption isotherms and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The band gap energy (Eg) of materials ranged from 4.1 to 2.9 eV. For comparative purpose the materials studied as catalysts were also synthesized by classical solid state reaction.


This paper is composed of two parts. The first part of the paper deals with an example of two firms theory game of entry. After specifying, the set of firms, the firms space of pure strategies and the profit functions, we consider different types of games with respect to the information structure and the sequence of move of the two firms. We present the impact of different assumptions on the probability distribution of the outcomes of the game. With respect to the information structure, there exist two types of games: the complete information games where information about firms entry cost is perfectly known by both firms and asymmetric information games in which firms entry cost is a private information. So every firm knows its own cost of entry and have a partial information about its opponent entry cost (opponent?s cumulative distribution function). Firms can participate either in a simultaneous move game or in a sequential move game. The combination of the nature of the structure of the information with the rule of move, gives arise to four games whose outcomes are different. We show that in some cases multiplicity of equilibria exists. The second part of the paper begins by showing how previous literatures have treated the problem of multiplicity of equilibria. We conclude that to come over this problem and to guarantee the uniqueness, like in einav(2003), one should use a sequential move asymmetric information game. Within the framework of domestic air transport within the European union, the sequential move doesn?t appear to be a realistic assumption and an appropriate empirical model of oligopoly market structure must estimate simultaneously the decision of all companies. Due to the fact that the simultaneous move asymmetric information entry game becomes computationally intractable for more than 2 firms, we decide to opt for the simultaneous move complete information entry game. To deal with the problem of multiplicity of equilibria we adopt the same approach as berry (1992). In our empirical model the firms profits are specified as a function of the demand characteristics of the market, as well as the equilibrium number of companies present in the market. Like in berry (1992) the model specification supports both types of heterogeneity: observable and unobservable. Four models estimations are performed: three of them stem from specific constraints on parameters and the last one is the most general one. A comparison between models is built to find the best fit data model.


This paper uses the grey relational analysis to find the optimal values of parameters of the servo drives and the controller of a five-axis CNC tool grinder in order to improve precision of grinding and accuracy of end mills. The experimental planning and design are based on the Taguchi method. There are totally six control factors in the experiments, and each factor has three levels. An L18 orthogonal array was applied for the experiments, and each experiment was repeated three times. The grey relational approach was then employed to find the optimal values to the drives and the controller. These values were utilized for grinding a ball nose end mill of cemented tungsten carbide with two-flute and 6 mm in outside diameter. Finally, a well-known tool measuring and inspection machine was used to measure the geometric parameters of the end mill for the initial design and the optimal design. Experimental results show that the grinding time is reduced up to 6.02 %, and the precision of the ball nose end mill is also improved. Thus, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


A 15-year-old boy is admitted to the hospital for clinical signs that suggest a pulmonary-renal syndrome (fever, cough, hemopthoic expectoration, oliguria, gross hematuria). A crescentic pANCA positive glomerulonephritis was configured. However, dense subendothelial deposits were identified in electronic microscopy and immunofluorescence staining showed granular deposits of IgG and C3, kappa and lambda in the capillary loops. Although the treatment was strictly followed, after three years and three months of good clinical state, he manifested signs of kidney failure being transplanted. His case represents a specific pattern of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis leading to kidney failure and emphasizes the importance of clinical attendance especially in a case of two associated glomerulopathies.


Accurate diagnosis in ligament and ligament-bone injuries of the foot and ankle demands a knowledge of the anatomy and mechanics of the foot and ankle, a good history of the mechanism of injury, clinical examination including fingertip palpation and assessment of stability, and adequate x-ray studies, perferably in the deformed position, with stress films and arthrograms in selected cases. By making an accurate diagnosis, early proper treatment is instituted, the athlete is restored to health sooner, and, almost as important, the athlete and the coach get a more realistic prognosis regarding the end result and duration of disability.


SUMMARY: Of thirty coagulase-positive staphylococci, twenty-seven proved to be lysogenic. Free phage was found in filtrates of 4-5 hr. broth cultures of the lysogenic strains. The phages from six of these strains were examined by estimation of the amounts occurring in filtrates, for serology and for their range of lytic reactions with indicator strains. A number of strains were found which carried as many as five distinct bacteriophages. Probable phage mutations were also demonstrated. Interference effects due to lysogenicity were not a marked feature of the strains investigated.
It is assumed that the free phage released by the lysogenic strains is responsible for infection of sensitive indicator strains. The approximate proportion of lysogenic cells capable of releasing phage has been determined for three strains; it varied for the three strains and according to the indicator strains used, ranging from 1/3 cells inoculated to 1/30,000 cells inoculated. The mechanism of the release is probably due to multiplication of the phage in a number of lysogenic cells with consequent lysis of the cells and release of the phage.
Lysogenicity appeared to be a permanent feature of these strains. Every cell was apparently carrying phage and treatment with heat, with specific antibacteriophage serum, or by growth in broth containing sodium citrate did not make the cells non-lysogenic. For such strains, apart from an extracellular release of phage from a few cells in each culture, there is postulated an intracellular transference of phage to each daughter cell at cell division.


BACKGROUND
The structure/function relationships of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1) are being investigated using site mutation, yielding novel structures with potential clinical applicability for modulating tissue responses to vascular interventions. We generated a mutant FGF-1 in which all three cysteines were converted to serines and then tested the relative mitogenic activities on endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and the molecular stability of the protein to thrombin-induced degradation.

METHODS
The dose responses of wild-type FGF-1 and the Cys-free mutant in the absence or presence of heparin were tested on ECs and SMCs. Cell proliferation was measured by [(3)H]thymidine incorporation. Data were normalized by positive control (20% fetal bovine serum) and expressed as percentage of positive control for comparison. The molecular stability was examined by exposure of the cytokines to thrombin at 37 degrees C for 0.5-24 h and then analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

RESULTS
Unlike wild-type FGF-1 which induced only minimal DNA synthesis at concentrations as high as 100 ng/ml, the Cys-free mutant induced a dose-dependent proliferation starting at 1 ng/ml on both ECs and SMCs in the absence of heparin. At 100 ng/ml, Cys-free mutant induced 4-fold more proliferation than wild-type FGF-1 on ECs (76.64 +/- 13.39% vs 14.58 +/- 1.38%, P < 0.01) and 12-fold more proliferation on SMCs (143.52 +/- 9.96 vs 11.25 +/- 3.32, P < 0.01). Heparin 5 U/ml potentiated the mitogenic activity of the Cys-free mutant at low dose range. Both proteins were degraded by thrombin progressively. But the Cys-free mutant showed more susceptibility with accelerated appearance of lower-molecular-weight fragment bands after incubation with thrombin.

CONCLUSIONS
Conversion of cysteine residues to serine changed the heparin dependency of the growth factor and increased its mitogenic activity and its susceptibility to thrombin-induced degradation.


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Part I Volume 1 The Tea-Table (1725) The Tea-Table ... Part the Second (1726) Reflections on the Various Effects of Love (1726) Love-Letters on All Occasions (1730) A Present for a Servant-Maid (1743) Volume 2 Epistles for the Ladies, Volume 1 (1749) Epistles for the Ladies, Volume 2 (1750) Volume 3 The Wife (1755) The Husband (1756) The Young Lady (1756)


This paper focuses on the relationship between the macroeconomic factors and initial public offerings (IPOs) in Malaysia over the period 1990 to 2008. This study applies the Markov regime switching regression model to test whether the changes in the interest rate and industrial production index are causes of 'cold' and 'hot' IPO regimes in Malaysia. The empirical results show that the impact of these variables on IPO numbers is not time-invariant, but is related to fluctuations in the IPO, and that the impact of these variables on IPO numbers is far greater during the cold regime than in the IPO hot regime. These empirical findings suggest that a hot IPO market regime evolves when investors begin experiencing extremely high initial returns and their expectations about future interest rates provide an indication of the entrepreneur's/manager's willingness to move to the IPO market. On the other hand, when a government pursues monetary tightening, investors believe that future earnings are expected to shrink due to higher interest rates in the future, and that the valuation of shares would be affected due to lower dividend yield. Hence, such conditions keep investors away from the IPO markets causing a cold IPO market.


This thesis is presented as a collection of four studies in which the role of self-control in athletic performance is examined. Considerable evidence has documented the beneficial effects of trait self-control and robust self-confidence on a wide range of behaviours. However, the relationships between these constructs have yet to be specifically explored within the sport domain. As well as exploring the trait perspective of self-control, research has employed self-control manipulations and laboratory performance to examine state self-control. The completion of tasks requiring self-control have led to impaired performance on physical tasks, also requiring self-control. But it remains unclear whether previous exertion of self-control impairs subsequent performance when self-regulation is potentially automatic, and if any observed effects are variable over different stages of performance. Building on this work, glucose supplementation, and the duration of self-control effort have been proposed as potential moderators that may influence performance effects, yet controversy exists surrounding glucose consumption, and task duration has not been appropriately considered. Furthermore, the identification of explanatory mechanisms for performance decrements following self-control use is of theoretical significance. In particular, research is yet to explore whether an individual s perceptions of pain may explain why self-control exertion interferes with subsequent performance on a physical task. The current thesis aims to address these limitations of the extant literature.
 Study One examined whether an individual s general ability to exert self-control might be an important mechanistic variable that explains the relationship between robust self-confidence and athletic performance. Following an examination of trait self-control, an exploration of state self-control was deemed more relevant to situational performance. Therefore, Study Two and Three utilised a sequential-task paradigm to examine whether exerting self-control impairs subsequent endurance performance in well-trained individuals, and whether any observed effects are variable over different stages of endurance performance. Study Two and Three also examined moderators of the depletion effect. In particular, the potential for glucose supplementation (Study Two), and duration of self-control effort (Study Three), to attenuate any decrements in performance due to initial self-control exertion were explored. Following the investigation of moderators, Study Four examined whether performance decrements can be explained by an individual s perceptions of pain.
 Overall, the findings of this thesis suggest that trait self-control represents a potentially important mechanism by which athlete s with strong robust self-confidence progress and perform successfully. Furthermore, prior exertion of self-control impairs subsequent self-regulatory efforts during well-practiced endurance performance, but these effects are variable over different stages of performance. In addition, extended self-control effort may lead to the conservation of self-control, whilst glucose supplementation does not moderate self-control ability. Finally, perceptions of pain may explain why self-control exertion interferes with subsequent performance on a physical task.


Prediction models of software change requests are useful for supporting rational and timely resource allocation to the evolution process. In this paper we use a time series forecasting model to predict software maintenance and evolution requests in an open source software project (Eclipse), as an example of projects with seasonal release cycles. We build an ARIMA model based on data collected from Eclipse's change request tracking system since the project's start. A change request may refer to defects found in the software, but also to suggested improvements in the system under scrutiny. Our model includes the identification of seasonal patterns and tendencies, and is validated through the forecast of the change requests evolution for the next 12 months. The usage of seasonal information significantly improves the estimation ability of this model, when compared to other ARIMA models found in the literature, and does so for a much longer estimation period. Being able to accurately forecast the change requests' evolution over a fairly long time period is an important ability for enabling adequate process control in maintenance activities, and facilitates effort estimation and timely resources allocation. The approach presented in this paper is suitable for projects with a relatively long history, as the model building process relies on historic data.


The thesis investigates into the relation between transcendental idealism and Wittgenstein's Tractatus while paying due attention to recent discussions on this issue. As a result of this investigation, the thesis aims to describe the process in which Wittgenstein came to endorse its version of transcendental idealism.
In order to address this question, the thesis will begin by observing the recent dispute between two leading scholars, A. W. Moore and P. Sullivan. In particular, I shall focus on Sullivan's claim developed in his 1996 paper. According to Sullivan, Wittgenstein presents a species of transcendental idealism in the 5.6s in order to eventually dissociate himself from it. Furthermore, Sullivan argued that the oft neglected proposition 5.634 'This is connected to the fact that no part of our experience is also a priori' should be understood as saying that the Kantian conception of the a priori is to be repudiated as a consequence of Wittgenstein's refutation of idealism.
Contrary to this, by carefully analysing Wittgenstein's inquiry in the Notebooks, I shall show that Wittgenstein's philosophical journey led him to a version of transcendental idealism. The Tractarian version of transcendental idealism, I suggest, can best be understood as one that emerges through working out on the essential insights contained in Schopenhauer's version.


The development of Brown-Pearce tumor in rabbits is accompanied with regular changes in the functional activity of the hypothalamic zone, related close enough with the regulation of adrenal cortex functions and immunological processes. In electrostimulation of the posterior hypothalamus median zones an accelerated resorption of the tumor, inoculated subcutaneously, was noted. The destruction of the posteromedian hypothalamic structures resulted in a sharp fall of corticosteroids level in the organism and a decreased intensity of generally persistant immunity to repeat inoculations of Brown-Pearce tumor. Thus, the fact of the immunocompetent system being ready to realize protective reactions for preservation of the genetic constancy of the organism is conditioned by the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal system functional activity.


Abstract Predators exert considerable top‐down pressure on ecosystems by directly consuming prey or indirectly influencing their foraging behaviors and habitat use. Prey is, therefore, forced to balance predation risk with resource reward. A growing list of anthropogenic stressors such as rising temperatures and ocean acidification has been shown to influence prey risk behaviors and subsequently alter important ecosystem processes. Yet, limited attention has been paid to the effects of chronic pharmaceutical exposure on risk behavior or as an ecological stressor, despite widespread detection and persistence of these contaminants in aquatic environments. In the laboratory, we simulated estuarine conditions of the shore crab, Hemigrapsus oregonensis, and investigated whether chronic exposure (60 days) to field‐detected concentrations (0, 3, and 30 ng/L) of the antidepressant fluoxetine affected diurnal and nocturnal risk behaviors in the presence of a predator, Cancer productus. We found that exposure to fluoxetine influenced both diurnal and nocturnal prey risk behaviors by increasing foraging and locomotor activity in the presence of predators, particularly during the day when these crabs normally stay hidden. Crabs exposed to fluoxetine were also more aggressive, with a higher frequency of agonistic interactions and increased mortality due to conflicts with conspecifics. These results suggest that exposure to field‐detected concentrations of fluoxetine may alter the trade‐off between resource acquisition and predation risk among crabs in estuaries. This fills an important data gap, highlighting how intra‐ and interspecific behaviors are altered by exposure to field concentrations of pharmaceuticals; such data more explicitly identify potential ecological impacts of emerging contaminants on aquatic ecosystems and can aid water quality management.


Internet service providers (ISPs) run the internal Border Gateway Protocol (iBGP) to distribute interdomain routing information among their BGP routers. Previous research consistently assumed that iBGP is always configured as a mere dispatcher of interdomain routes. However, router configuration languages offer operators the flexibility of fine-tuning iBGP. In this paper, we study the impact of deploying routing policies in iBGP. First, we devise a provably correct inference technique to pinpoint iBGP policies from public BGP data. We show that the majority of large transit providers and many small transit providers do apply policies in iBGP. Then, we discuss how iBGP policies can help achieve traffic engineering and routing objectives. We prove that, unfortunately, the presence of iBGP policies exacerbates the iBGP convergence problem and invalidates fundamental assumptions for previous results, affecting their applicability. Hence, we propose provably correct configuration guidelines to achieve traffic engineering goals with iBGP policies, without sacrificing BGP convergence guarantees. Finally, for the cases in which our guidelines are not applicable, we propose a novel technique to verify the correctness of an iBGP configuration with iBGP policies. We implement a prototype tool and show the feasibility of offline analyses of arbitrary policies on both real-world and in vitro configurations.


Abstract Absent mistake or misrepresentation, most scholars assume that parties who agree to contract do so voluntarily. Scholars tend further to regard that choice as an important exercise in moral agency. Hanoch Dagan and Michael Heller are right to question the quality of our choices. Where the fundamental contours of the transaction are legally determined, parties have little opportunity to exercise autonomous choice over the terms on which they deal with others. To the extent that our choices in contract do not reflect our individual moral constitutions — our values, virtues, vices, the set of reasons we reject and the set of reasons we endorse — we are not justified in regulating contracts reluctantly. Contracts are entitled to the privilege of liberal regulatory deference only to the extent that they are the work product of individual autonomy. The assumption that contract is voluntary does enormous work in most normative theories of contract. This Article takes still more seriously the obstacles to autonomous choice that contracting parties face. The most important constraints are not in contract law itself but in the material and moral imperatives that dictate parties' contracting preferences. Many contracts are driven by circumstantial considerations or actual background obligations. While these contracts are not wholly lacking in the element of voluntariness, we should distinguish them from those choices — and those contracts — which more fully realize our potential to self-consciously author our relations with others. Autonomous choice in contract requires more than Dagan and Heller imply, and it is likely beyond the power of contract law standing alone to deliver it.


Tuberculosis of the breast is rare. It occurs in young women. Because the clinical and imaging findings are non specific, the diagnosis of a breast cancer is often suggested. This requires to obtain cytology and/or histology for a definitive diagnosis. On the basis of a case report of tuberculosis of the breast in a 14 years old girl, imaged by ultrasonography and computed tomography, we attempted to demonstrate the contribution of imaging and associated diagnostic pitfalls.


Road conditions affect fuel efficiency and vehicle fatigue when driving heavy trucks. Information about traveled road conditions enable optimization of chassis configuration when driving, and logging of vehicle stress. Previous work on this topic focus mainly on tuning of active suspension parameters in the car industry. One conceivable application for heavy trucks is implementation of active chassis level control based on road conditions, with possible improvements in driving economy as result. Another is logging of usage conditions which helps explain vehicle faults caused by abnormal wear. This work examines the possibilities to use already on vehicle sensors for road roughness estimation. It also investigates what requirements existing signals must fulfill to ensure reliable estimates. Two methods for road roughness estimation are proposed using rear axle level sensor and a simple linear suspension system model.


Introduction Elevated Cardiac enzymes are associated with high morbidity and mortality. A significant subset of patients referred to the cardiac service has raised troponin levels and normal coronary angiography. This subset is distinctive from patients with type 2 myocardial infarction (MI). It includes patients with no active medical conditions who present with clinical and electrocardiographic features similar to that of acute coronary syndrome. In this report we describe a cohort of patients, in whom the diagnosis of type 1 myocardial infarction was very likely, but subsequently had normal angiogram. Purpose of study The aim of the study is to identify a diagnostic approach for patients who display features of MI with no evidence of obstructive coronary artery pathology. Methods The study included all patients with suspected with MI (STEMI or NSTEMI) with raised troponin, abnormal ECG and normal coronary angiography who attended the PCI centre at the University Hospital Limerick between September 2015 to January 2016. All patients received the standard diagnostic pathway of acute coronary syndrome. Data collected included baseline characteristics, ECG on presentation, laboratory profile, Grace score, cardiac imaging results, recurrence of symptoms and hospital readmission over 3–6 months period. All patients included in this study had normal coronary angiogram. Result A total of 26 patients included in this study, 13 (50%) patients were men and the mean age was 51 years old. 6.7 (26.9%) patients presented as STEMI while 19 (73.0%) patients had ST segment depression on presenting ECG. Mean troponin level on admission was 285.9 ng/dl with mean Grace score of 100.04. 69% of the patients had normal EF on Echocardiogram and 11 (42%) patients had cardiac MRI (CMR) and one patient under went optical coherence tomography (OCT) during coronary angiography. Confirmed diagnosis post-appropriate investigations included acute myocarditis (34.6%), acute myocardial ischemia on CMR (15.3%), Takotsubo syndrome (7.6%), pulmonary embolus (3.8%), Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (11.5%) and severe aortic stenosis (3.8%). 4 (15.3%) patients had recurrent hospital admission with similar presentation while 84% had experienced no further symptoms or hospital admission. Conclusion Establishing a definitive diagnosis in patients with raised troponin and normal coronary angiogram is challenging, but using imaging modalities such as CMR and OCT provides a valuable insight to guide diagnosis and management. Acute myocarditis is the most common cause of raised troponin and normal angiogram in this cohort.


The use of cloud computing is increasing in the field of high-energy physics (HEP). Both dedicated
and opportunistic cloud resources are delivering a growing fraction of the requirements of
large projects. The use of context-aware designs, such as those used in the mobile communication
industry, can improve our distributed systems and make them more responsive to changing
demands and dynamic resources. We show how context-aware service have been implemented
and their impact on the system. We describe our plans to add new context-aware capabilities in
the future.


ABSTRACT Azzellino A., Kofoed J.P., Lanfredi C., Margheritini L., Pedersen M., 2013. A Marine Spatial Planning framework for the optimal siting of Marine Renewable Energy Installations: two Danish case studies. In this analysis two Danish case studies are investigated using a spatial planning approach. The first case study concerns the area on the west coast of Denmark that has been elected as test site by the Danish Wave Energy Center (DanWEC), a foundation constituted by local authorities, Aalborg University supported by the national wave energy industry. The second case study attains the Danish portion of the western Baltic sea, where many offshore windfarms are already installed and many projects are in construction or in the planning stage. The environmental background for the two areas is considered through set of multiple indicators (e.g. sea bottom topography and characteristics, marine biodiversity, presence of vulnerable species). Environmental indicators are aggregated into environmental impact indexes that constitute the basis for evaluating the site suitability for Marine Renewable Energy Installations (MREIs). Concurrenlty, areas of potential conflicts between the interests of MREI developers and commercial, recreational users are identified. Multivariate analysis techniques allow to disentangle the different components of the environmental vulnerability of the two areas and suggest sound criteria for the optimal siting of these infrastructures. The two case studies, concerning respectively a regional and local scale, offer good examples about how spatial planning has the potential to guide the transition from the single sector management toward the integrated management of sea uses.


Boriana Chopova, Teresa E. Hesley, Greg Kelly, Soon Paik, Andy Sadler, Dave Slack U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 2 Massachusetts Avenue NE, Washington DC 20212 U.S.A. email@example.com Abstract The Producer Price Index (PPI) program conducted a study to determine if nonresponse bias exists in PPI data. The study investigated nonresponse at unit initiation (when units are asked to participate in PPI samples) and during the unit/item repricing period (when units provide prices for the items they've agreed to reprice at initiation). The study consisted of three stages: In the first stage a contingency table analysis and regression models were used to analyze the relationship between response and several frame variables. In the second stage a regression model was used to analyze the relationship between item short term relatives and the variables which were associated with response from the first stage. The third stage tested the impact of sample adjusted weights on PPI indexes. This paper reports the results of this study.


Whole blood and plasma levels of serotonin (5-hydroxy-tryptamine, 5-HT) as well as its uptake and spontaneous release from blood platelets were studied in 20 patients suffering from thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO, Buerger's disease) and 20 healthy subjects matched in pairs for age. Results of patients suffering from thromboangiitis obliterans differed in several ways from those of controls. Whole blood 5-HT content was significantly lower in the group of patients compared to that of the control group. It was established that patients with Buerger's disease have significantly greater plasma concentrations of free serotonin. In Buerger's disease patients, maximal platelet serotonin uptake velocity (Vmax) was significantly decreased. It was associated with the enhanced spontaneous release of 5-HT from blood platelets. We conclude that impaired platelet serotonin uptake and increased local concentration of serotonin in the vicinity of platelets in Buerger's disease may lead to platelet activation via 5-HT2 receptors, and it could be involved in the pathogenesis of thromboembolic complications.


We analyzed two distinct but related issues - (i) the role of different contracting instruments in mitigating bilateral incentive problems and (ii) the role of a public report in affecting the inferences drawn from the structure of private contracts and the efficiency of those contracting instruments. We showed that in a setting where a venture capitalist (VC) with private information about a project's future cash flows contracts with an entrepreneur (E) who provides services under conditions of moral hazard, the VC prefers equity instruments to debt instruments and equity contracts with option and debt features (including convertible debt instruments) to both. This finding is consistent with observations from actual practice where convertible contracts are quite commonly employed as a financing vehicle. In addition, we show that a public report about the probability of success of a project released after the project has proved successful, has informational value in that it allows more information to be extracted (by public investors) from the form of the venture financing contract. This, in turn, makes the earlier contracting between the VC and E more efficient. Consequently, the historical information emphasized in many audited financial reports may be of greater indirect value than is apparent by their ability to predict current (or future) prices.


Despite efforts to improve access to justice, there has been an extraordinary growth in the number of self-represented litigants. Their presence offers both an obligation and an opportunity to examine the professional culture and governing rules that regulate lawyers. Because there are almost as many non-lawyers as lawyers handling civil litigation, the pressure on traditional models of professional responsibility has also increased. By focusing on the problems resulting from increased self-representation, it might be possible not only to refine the values and objectives underlying the professional rules generally, but also to ensure that the rules are relevant and reflective of the emerging and changed realities of the litigation process. It is the main contention of this paper that the adversarial system is and will continue to undergo a transformation that is occasioned by the recent growth of self-representation. This has important ramifications for lawyers' professional responsibilities. The goal is not to suggest that the adversarial system should be replaced by an inquisitorial system. Rather, I will recommend how key professional duties and responsibilities within the inquisitorial system might better inform a discussion about the workings of an adversarial system that now includes significant numbers of non-lawyers.


Finding parameters in a deep neural network (NN) that fit training data is a nonconvex optimization problem, but a basic first-order optimization method (gradient descent) finds a global optimizer with perfect fit (zero-loss) in many practical situations. We examine this phenomenon for the case of Residual Neural Networks (ResNet) with smooth activation functions in a limiting regime in which both the number of layers (depth) and the number of weights in each layer (width) go to infinity. First, we use a mean-field-limit argument to prove that the gradient descent for parameter training becomes a gradient flow for a probability distribution that is characterized by a partial differential equation (PDE) in the large-NN limit. Next, we show that under certain assumptions, the solution to the PDE converges in the training time to a zero-loss solution. Together, these results suggest that the training of the ResNet gives a near-zero loss if the ResNet is large enough. We give estimates of the depth and width needed to reduce the loss below a given threshold, with high probability.


. Micro ultrasonic machining (micro-USM) is an effective machining method for hard brittle materials. In the micro-USM process, the workpiece materials are machined through the accumulation of small brittle fractures generated by the impacts of abrasive grains. Therefore, it becomes difficult to obtain a smooth machined surface. In the proposed electrorheological fluid-assisted ultrasonic machining (ER fluid-assisted USM), the behavior of abrasive grains is controlled using the effect of dielectrophoretic force acting on the abrasive grains and the ER effect. The behavior of the abrasive grains can be controlled by changing the electric field distribution. In the present paper, the shape and position of the auxiliary electrode are arranged in order to control the abrasive grains to the side surface of the micro rectangular tool. By positioning the auxiliary electrode parallel to the micro rectangular tool, it becomes possible to concentrate abrasive grains to the side surface of the micro rectangular tool. Smoothing of the side surface of the workpiece by using the side surface of the micro rectangular tool is then investigated. As a result, the surface roughness of the side surface of the workpiece can be improved.


Previous research has shown that children with physical conditions involving the brain are at increased risk for psychopathology. It is unclear whether brain dysfunction leads to disturbance directly or whether it does so by increasing the children's vulnerability to environmental stress. I examined the vulnerability hypothesis in a sample of 157 children with cerebral palsy, myelodysplasia, or multiple handicaps and in 339 randomly selected controls. Data on psychopathology came from direct interviews with the children; data on the family environment came from mothers' reports. Physical disabilities were associated with significant increases in depressive symptoms and inattention. Family environment had a significant main effect on depressive symptoms; effect on disabled children was not significantly different from effect on controls. Family environment had no significant effects on symptoms of inattention in disabled children. The findings provided no support for the hypothesis that brain dysfunction renders children vulnerable to environmental stress.


At the same time that writers were becoming infatuated with new technologies like the cinema and the radio, they were also being haunted by their own pages. From Henry James's fascination with burnt manuscripts to destroyed books in the fiction of the Blitz, from junk mail in the work of Elizabeth Bowen to bureaucratic paperwork in Vladimir Nabokov, modern fiction is littered with images of tattered and useless paper that reveal an increasingly uneasy relationship between literature and its own materials over the course of the twentieth century. Wastepaper Modernism argues that these images are vital to our understanding of modernism, disclosing an anxiety about textual matter that lurks behind the desire for radically different modes of communication. Having its roots in the late nineteenth century, but finding its fullest constellation in the wake of the high modernist experimentation with novelistic form, "wastepaper modernism" arises when fiction imagines its own processes of transmission and representation breaking down. When the descriptive capabilities of the novel exhaust themselves, the wastepaper modernists picture instead the physical decay of the book's own primary matter. Bringing together book history and media theory with detailed close reading, Wastepaper Modernism reveals modernist literature's dark sense of itself as a ruin in the making.


Over the last few years considerable attention has been devoted to biological fluidized-bed technology which seems to be potentially more advantageous than both dispersed biomass processes and fixed bed systems. An obstacle to the spreading of this technology is the lack of rigorous criteria in designing reactors, due to the poor knowledge of interconnections of fluid-dynamic aspects with kinetic ones. This paper reviews the rational basis for reactor design and reports on the experimental tests carried out in order to gain a better understanding in the areas of biofilm modelling and fluidization mechanics. In particular a biofilm model, in the general case of the Michaelis and Menten equation, was developed and its validity was verified utilizing experimental data obtained in nitrifying batch tests. As to fluidization mechanics the experimental work confirms the Wen and Yu(1966) approach to correlate the bed porosity with the superficial liquid velocity.


Background
Rotavirus results in more diarrhoea-related deaths in children less than five years of age than any other single agent in countries with high childhood mortality. It is also a common cause of diarrhoea-related hospital admissions in countries with low childhood mortality. Currently licensed rotavirus vaccines include a monovalent rotavirus vaccine (RV1; Rotarix, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals) and a pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5; RotaTeq, Merck & Co., Inc.). Lanzhou lamb rotavirus vaccine (LLR; Lanzhou Institute of Biomedical Products) is used in China only.

Objectives
To evaluate rotavirus vaccines approved for use (RV1, RV5, and LLR) for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea.

Search methods
We searched MEDLINE (via PubMed) (1966 to May 2012), the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register (10 May 2012), CENTRAL (published in The Cochrane Library 2012, Issue 5), EMBASE (1974 to 10 May 2012), LILACS (1982 to 10 May 2012), and BIOSIS (1926 to 10 May 2012). We also searched the ICTRP (10 May 2012), www.ClinicalTrials.gov (28 May 2012) and checked reference lists of identified studies.

Selection criteria
We selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in children comparing rotavirus vaccines approved for use with placebo, no intervention, or another vaccine.

Data collection and analysis
Two authors independently assessed trial eligibility, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. We combined dichotomous data using the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We stratified the analysis by child mortality, and used GRADE to evaluate evidence quality.

Main results
Forty-one trials met the inclusion criteria and enrolled a total of 186,263 participants. Twenty-nine trials (101,671 participants) assessed RV1, and 12 trials (84,592 participants) evaluated RV5. We did not find any trials assessing LLR.

RV1
Children aged less than one year: In countries with low-mortality rates, RV1 prevents 86% of severe rotavirus diarrhoea cases (RR 0.14, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.26; 40,631 participants, six trials; high-quality evidence), and, based on one large multicentre trial in Latin America and Finland, probably prevents 40% of severe all-cause diarrhoea episodes (rate ratio 0.60, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.72; 17,867 participants, one trial; moderate-quality evidence). In countries with high-mortality rates, RV1 probably prevents 63% of severe rotavirus diarrhoea cases (RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.75; 5414 participants, two trials; moderate-quality evidence), and, based on one trial in Malawi and South Africa, 34% of severe all-cause diarrhoea cases (RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.98; 4939 participants, one trial; moderate-quality evidence).

Children aged up to two years: In countries with low-mortality rates, RV1 prevents 85% of severe rotavirus diarrhoea cases (RR 0.15, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.20; 32,854 participants, eight trials; high-quality evidence), and probably 37% of severe all-cause diarrhoea episodes (rate ratio 0.63, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.71; 39,091 participants, two trials; moderate-quality evidence). In countries with high-mortality rates, based on one trial in Malawi and South Africa, RV1 probably prevents 42% of severe rotavirus diarrhoea cases (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.79; 2764 participants, one trial; moderate-quality evidence), and 18% of severe all-cause diarrhoea cases (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.95; 2764 participants, one trial; moderate-quality evidence).

RV5
Children aged less than one year: In countries with low-mortality rates, RV5 probably prevents 87% of severe rotavirus diarrhoea cases (RR 0.13, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.45; 2344 participants, three trials; moderate-quality evidence), and, based on one trial in Finland, may prevent 72% of severe all-cause diarrhoea cases (RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.48; 1029 participants, one trial; low-quality evidence). In countries with high-mortality rates, RV5 prevents 57% of severe rotavirus diarrhoea (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.62; 5916 participants, two trials; high-quality evidence), but there was insufficient data to assess the effect on severe all-cause diarrhoea.

Children aged up to two years: Four studies provided data for severe rotavirus and all-cause diarrhoea in countries with low-mortality rates. Three trials reported on severe rotavirus diarrhoea cases and found that RV5 probably prevents 82% (RR 0.18, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.50; 3190 participants, three trials; moderate-quality evidence), and another trial in Finland reported on severe all-cause diarrhoea cases and found that RV5 may prevent 96% (RR 0.04, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.70; 1029 participants, one trial; low-quality evidence). In high-mortality countries, RV5 prevents 41% of severe rotavirus diarrhoea cases (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.82; 5885 participants, two trials; high-quality evidence), and 15% of severe all-cause diarrhoea cases (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.98; 5977 participants, two trials; high-quality evidence).

There was no evidence of a vaccine effect on mortality (181,009 participants, 34 trials; low-quality evidence), although the trials were not powered to detect an effect on this end point.

Serious adverse events were reported in 4565 out of 99,438 children vaccinated with RV1 and in 1884 out of 78,226 children vaccinated with RV5. Fifty-eight cases of intussusception were reported in 97,246 children after RV1 vaccination, and 34 cases in 81,459 children after RV5 vaccination. No significant difference was found between children receiving RV1 or RV5 and placebo in the number of serious adverse events, and intussusception in particular.

Authors' conclusions
RV1 and RV5 prevent episodes of rotavirus diarrhoea. The vaccine efficacy is lower in high-mortality countries; however, due to the higher burden of disease, the absolute benefit is higher in these settings. No increased risk of serious adverse events including intussusception was detected, but post-introduction surveillance studies are required to detect rare events associated with vaccination.


A high output flexible piezoelectric generator based on a highly oriented BaTiO3 film self-assembled using an interfacial strategy is reported. We have successfully controlled the morphology and orientation of BaTiO3 particles and obtained a BaTiO3 film using a facile interfacial self-assembled method. The BaTiO3 film is transferred onto an ITO coated PET substrate and packaged with PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) to form a flexible piezoelectric energy harvesting device. The interfacial assembling strategy can effectively increase the volume fraction of active piezoelectric materials in composite films. The BaTiO3 film-based piezoelectric generator was demonstrated to harvest wind energy by employing a windmill and the output power was large enough to light a LCD.


Based on the background of the research, the cause of Adidas's export volume which fluctuates every month from 2016-2019 is unknown yet. Factors that could be the cause of these fluctuations are the raw material price, distribution cost, and exchange rates.The research aims to analyze the effect of Raw Material Price on export volume, the effect of Distribution Cost on export volume, the effect of Exchange Rate on Export Volume, and the effect of Raw Material Price, Distribution Cost, and Exchange Rate on export volume of Adidas at PT. Apparel One Indonesia 2 and to find out how many contributions of all independent variables to dependent variable. This research is an explanatory research with quantative approach. Multiple Linear Regression Analysis method is used in this study equipped with the Descriptive Statistics Test, Classic Assumption Test, Correlation Coefficients, Coefficient of Determination, F-Test and T-Test. Data used in this study are secondary data which are obtained by doing a literature review and observation, and collected from PT Apparel One Indonesia 2 and Bank of Indonesia from January 2016-December 2018. The output from this research shows that three independent variables which are used have a significant effect on the export volume of Adidas at PT. Apparel One Indonesia 2. Partially, it shows that raw material price influence negative and insignificant to the export volume. For distribution cost, the result shows negatively and significantly influence on export volume. The other output explained that exchange rate influence positive and insignificant to the Adidas's export volume. The result shows that only one variable has a significant influence on export volume.


OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the fate of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) after transcatheter atrial septal defect (ASD) closure. BACKGROUND Although TR frequently occurs in patients with ASD, the change in TR during long-term follow-up after ASD closure remains unknown. METHODS A total of 419 adult patients who underwent transcatheter ASD closure were enrolled. TR severity was graded by TR jet area on echocardiography. RESULTS At baseline, 113 patients had severe/moderate TR and 306 patients had mild TR. Among the 113 patients with severe/moderate TR, the TR jet area signi fi cantly decreased during a median follow-up of 30 months after the procedure; this decrease was related to the improvement in right ventricular morphology. The severity of TR decreased to mild in 79 (70%) patients. Persistent TR, de fi ned as severe or moderate TR after the procedure, was independently associated with the prevalence of permanent atrial fi brillation. Regarding clinical outcomes, 7 patients with severe/moderate TR and 2 with mild TR were hospitalized because of heart failure. Patients with severe/moderate TR had the worse event-free survival rate than those with mild TR, but more than 90% of them had no cardiovascular events. New York Heart Association functional class and plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels improved in patients with severe/moderate TR, similar to those with mild TR. CONCLUSIONS Signi fi cant TR decreased during the long-term follow-up period after transcatheter ASD closure. Heart failure symptoms improved in patients with severe/moderate TR. Our fi ndings suggest that transcatheter closure alone can be valuable in patients with ASD complicated with TR. (J Am Coll Cardiol Intv 2017;10:2211 – 8) © 2017 by the American College of Cardiology


Determining whether or not an examinee has met an adequate standard of performance constitutes a central task for licensure and certification bodies. Consequently, standard setting is a key activity for all certification and licensing testing programs. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of methods that have been proposed for set a passing standard on an examination. First, the distinction between norm-referenced and criterion-referenced methods for setting a standard will be outlined. Then, both test-centered and examinee-centered methods for setting a passing standard will be explicated. The importance of factoring in the consequences of adopting a standard will also be illustrated via the Hofstee method. In the concluding section, important issues pertaining to the selection of panelists as well as the validation of the standard will be addressed briefly.


Conspiracies, both real and imagined, played a central role in the shifting dynamics of French revolutionary politics. This talk will look at how fear of conspiracy influenced decisions taken by revolutionary leaders during the most traumatic period of the Revolution - the Terror of the Year II (1793-94). Successive revolutionary factions were subject to a specific form of terror, the 'politicians' terror', whereby they themselves were denounced as 'the enemy within' and put to death. This talk will examine the ideological, tactical and emotional factors that led some of the Revolution's most prominent leaders, including Brissot, Danton, and Robespierre, to be condemned as secret conspirators against it.


Combining satellite altimetry with Argo profile data a systematic observational estimate of mesoscale eddy signatures in surface mixed-layer depth (MLD) is provided across the Southern Ocean (SO). Eddy composite MLD anomalies are shallow in cyclones, deep in anticyclones, and increase in magnitude with eddy amplitude. Their magnitudes show a pronounced seasonal modulation roughly following the depth of the climatological mixed layer. Weak eddies of the relatively quiescent SO subtropics feature peak late-winter perturbations of 610 m. Much larger MLD perturbations occur over the vigorous eddies originating along the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and SO western boundary current systems, with late-winter peaks of 230 m and 160 m in the average over cyclonic and anticyclonic eddy cores (a difference of 100 m). The asymmetry between modest shallow cyclonic and pronounced deep anticyclonic anomalies is systematic and not accompanied by corresponding asymmetries in eddy amplitude. Nonetheless, the net deepening of the climatological SO mixed layer by this asymmetry in eddy MLD perturbations is estimated to be small (few meters). Eddies are shown to enhance SO MLD variability with peaks in late winter and eddy-intense regions. Anomalously deep late-winter mixed layers occur disproportionately within the cores of anticyclonic eddies, suggesting the mesoscale heightens the frequency of deep winter surface-mixing events along the eddy-intense regions of the SO. The eddy modulation in MLD reported here provides a pathway via which the oceanic mesoscale can impact air-sea fluxes of heat and carbon, the ventilation of water masses, and biological productivity across the SO.


Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of nutritional condition and simulated exposure to ozone on Glutathione (GSH), the activity of Na+/K+ ATPase and lipid peroxidation in rat brain. Male Wistar rats were fed with 7% and 23% protein diets. Two groups were formed for each nutritional condition: one group was exposed for 15 successive days to 0.75 ppm of ozone and the other to air. Subsequently, the brain was dissected in cortex, hemispheres, cerebellum, and brainstem to measure the activity of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), ATPase, and levels of GSH. The activity of Na+/K+ ATPase increased in cerebellum of well-nourished rats exposed to ozone, while total ATPase and TBARS decreased in all studied areas in the malnourished groups. The levels of GSH decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the brain of rats fed with 7% of protein diet and exposed to ozone but increased in rats fed with normal diet and exposed to ozone. These results suggest that malnutrition causes alterations in the values of Na+/K+ ATPase, total ATPase, GSH, and lipid peroxidation, while ozone contributes to these modifications. As a consequence, both variables are involved in oxidative stress in the rat brain.


The educational  serves  are regarded as one of the most important services  concerning with people . Due they make residents able to do their jobs efficiently . people are the main in process of production It is also one of the most important foundations in the discovery of students' intellectual and intellectual energies . The process of distributing indicators of educational services, especially educational institutions and their buildings, represents a problem for students and students to enroll in them, in addition to influencing the efficiency of these services. The research in the first part dealt with the reality of the spatial distribution of educational services in the city of Al-Baghdadi, while the second part dealt with the disclosure of the efficiency of educational services in the city, then the study concluded a set of conclusions and recommendations This research is aiming to find out the reality of educational services and their efficiency when they are compared with the local  Iraqi craters. Also it aims to discover the simplicity of dealing with this field and to know if people are satisfied with it or not .It appears to us some mistakes in the locative distribution and circulation of some schools and the absence of safety in reaching to these educational building when we were keeping asking about the situations of the mentioned schools  in addition in employees presented  by teachers and other workers .


Understanding the functional impacts of pollinator species losses on plant populations is critical given ongoing pollinator declines. Simulation models of pollination networks suggest that plant communities will be resilient to losing many or even most of the pollinator species in an ecosystem. These predictions, however, have not been tested empirically and implicitly assume that pollination efficacy is unaffected by interactions with interspecific competitors. By contrast, ecological theory and data from a wide range of ecosystems show that interspecific competition can drive variation in ecological specialization over short timescales via behavioral or morphological plasticity, although the potential implications of such changes in specialization for ecosystem functioning remain unexplored. We conducted manipulative field experiments in which we temporarily removed single pollinator species from study plots in subalpine meadows, to test the hypothesis that interactions between pollinator species can shape individual species' functional roles via changes in foraging specialization. We show that loss of a single pollinator species reduces floral fidelity (short-term specialization) in the remaining pollinators, with significant implications for ecosystem functioning in terms of reduced plant reproduction, even when potentially effective pollinators remained in the system. Our results suggest that ongoing pollinator declines may have more serious negative implications for plant communities than is currently assumed. More broadly, we show that the individual functional contributions of species can be dynamic and shaped by the community of interspecific competitors, thereby documenting a distinct mechanism for how biodiversity can drive ecosystem functioning, with potential relevance to a wide range of taxa and systems.


This paper examines the deterrence properties of aggregate litigation and class actions. In the multiple victim scenario, the probability that an individual victim will sue falls toward zero with geometric decay as the number of victims increases. The reason is that the incentive to free ride increases with the number of victims. Undercompliance is observed, which worsens with the number of victims. Compliance is never socially optimal, and the shortfall from optimality increases with the number of victims. These results, which continue to hold even if litigating victims anticipate being joined in a single forum, suggest a more nuanced and potentially more robust justification for the class action than has hitherto been provided. Implications for collusive settlements of class action litigation are discussed.


▪ Abstract This paper reviews the available data and models on energy and material flows through the world's 25 largest cities. Throughput is categorized as stored, transformed, or passive for the major flow modes. The aggregate, fuel, food, water, and air cycles are all examined. Emphasis is placed on atmospheric pathways because the data are abundant. Relevant models of urban energy and material flows, demography, and atmospheric chemistry are discussed. Earth system–level loops from cities to neighboring ecosystems are identified. Megacities are somewhat independent of their immediate environment for food, fuel, and aggregate inputs, but all are constrained by their regional environment for supplying water and absorbing wastes. We elaborate on analogies with biological metabolism and ecosystem succession as useful conceptual frameworks for addressing urban ecological problems. We conclude that whereas data are numerous for some individual cities, cross-cutting compilations are lacking in biogeochemical...


In one example, a device includes a display, an interface configured to exchange data with external devices, a control unit configured to execute an application to cause the display to display a current visual representation of the application, determine a current application state of the application, wherein the current application state includes at least a portion of the current visual representation of the application, and means for sending, without user intervention, an indication of the determined current application state from the device to a second, different device via the interface, wherein the indication of the determined current application state comprises information for recreating at least the portion of the current visual representation of the application, wherein the control unit is configured to prevent subsequent indications of the current application state from being sent to the second device in response to an indication that a third device is executing the application.


In 2010 Copeland Borough Council submitted planning application to redevelop two parcels of land site located to the north and south of Albion Street, Whitehaven, Cumbria (NGR NX 9713 179). In recognition of the archaeological potential of the site, Cumbria County Council Historic Environment Service (CCCHES) requested that any groundworks associated with the preparation and redevelopment of the site should be preceded by an appropriate scheme of archaeological works. Subsequently Energy Coast West Cumbria (Properties) Ltd (ECWC) acquired the site and implemented the design and construction of enabling works to allow the construction of the proposed
development to commence. The enabling works included the evaluation and investigation of the North site as it was considered by CCHES that the North Site held archaeological potential.
On behalf of ECWC, WYG Engineering Ltd (WYG) commissioned Oxford Archaeology North (OA North) to undertake a trial-trench evaluation and a targeted open-area excavation at the site between May and August 2012. An intermittent
watching brief took place in December 2012 and February 2013.


This article deals with the accentuation of English phonetic units in a musical context. We aim to establish some relationships between word-stress pattern and melodic interval for the perception of English. The results of a perceptive test, using a voice synthesised by Mbrola, have enabled us to refute the null hypothesis which implies that the perception of words in a musical context is independent of the configuration of word-stress pattern and melodic interval. Thus, disyllabic words with the following structure HL-Sw (High Low-Strong weak) and LH-wS (Low High-weak Strong) are better perceived than the ones with the structure LH-Sw (Low High-Strong weak) and HL-wS (High Low-weak Strong). This experiment suggests, amongst other things, that the musical configuration of acoustic parameters does influence our perception of English phonetic structures.


The authors aim at deriving a family of series representations for ζ(2n+1) (n ∈ N) by evaluating certain trigonometric integrals in several different ways. They also show how the results presented in this paper relate to those that were obtained in other works. Finally, some illustrative computational examples, using Mathematica (Version 4.0) for Linux, are considered.


We live in an information economy, and the future of democracy and equity depend on everyone's ability to access information. Yet, even as scholars and organizations work to make scholarly work openly available, the increased commercialization of information and technology, along with the enhanced capabilities for data collection and surveillance, threaten the ability for users to access that scholarly work. In addition, persistent racial, class, and gender divides exclude growing numbers of people from the internet and knowledge commons. Panelists will examine how the growing concentration of corporate control of internet service provision and content, including policies related to net neutrality, affect the ability of all people to have access to information. The broader implications of these developments for both democracy and inclusion and for the future of scientific inquiry will be discussed, and the panel will offer steps users can take to help protect internet freedom and the knowledge commons for all.


In this review, we consider the evidence from geographic and metabolic epidemiology and laboratory studies with human prostate cancer cell lines and animal models that emphasizes the need for the development and implementation of a dietary intervention trial in prostate cancer patients. It is concluded that such a trial should include a reduction in total fat consumption to 15% of total calories and supplementation of the diet with selenium, vitamin E, and a soya product. The low-fat intervention would provide an appropriate reduction in the intake of any specifically targeted dietary fatty acid, such as linoleic acid or alpha-linolenic acid.


Recently several inconsistency-tolerant semantics have been introduced for querying inconsistent description logic knowledge bases. Most of these semantics rely on the notion of a repair, defined as an inclusion-maximal subset of the facts (ABox) which is consistent with the ontology (TBox). In this paper, we study variants of two popular inconsistency-tolerant semantics obtained by replacing classical repairs by various types of preferred repair. We analyze the complexity of query answering under the resulting semantics, focusing on the lightweight logic DL-Lite_R. Unsurprisingly, query answering is intractable in all cases, but we nonetheless identify one notion of preferred repair, based upon priority levels, whose data complexity is "only" coNP-complete. This leads us to propose an approach combining incomplete tractable methods with calls to a SAT solver. An experimental evaluation of the approach shows good scalability on realistic cases.


Results are presented describing an investigation of aerodynamic sources in the vocal tract. The expected contribution of this study is a new parametrization for fricative sources based on geometric and flow conditions. The flow in an idealized fricative geometry is computed numerically using a slightly compressible, Reynolds‐averaged form of the Navier–Stokes equations. In this formulation, the aerodynamic sources of sound are simulated with minimal approximation. This approach has produced encouraging results for vowel sounds. Comparisons of the computational results with physical experiments using the same geometry have also been performed. The results shed light on the source mechanisms for fricative sounds and also show the need for the development of numerical boundary conditions which can simultaneously handle convective and propagative phenomena. [Research supported by NSF/ARPA IRI‐9314946 and ARPA DAST 63‐93‐C‐0064.]


Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide [CO2] can accelerate tree growth by stimulating photosynthesis and increasing intrinsic water‐use efficiency (iWUE). Little evidence exists, however, for the long‐term growth and gas‐exchange responses of mature trees in tropical forests to the combined effects of rising [CO2] and other global changes such as warming. Using tree rings and stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen, we investigated long‐term trends in the iWUE and stem growth (basal area increment, BAI) of three canopy tree species in a tropical monsoon forest in western Thailand (Chukrasia tabularis, Melia azedarach, and Toona ciliata). To do this, we modelled the contribution of ontogenetic effects (tree diameter or age) and calendar year to variation in iWUE, oxygen isotopes, and BAI using mixed‐effects models. Although iWUE increased significantly with both tree diameter and calendar year in all species, BAI at a given tree diameter was lower in more recent years. For one species, C. tabularis, differences in crown dominance significantly influence stable isotopes and growth. Tree ring Δ18O increased with calendar year in all species, suggesting that increasing iWUE may have been driven by relatively greater reductions in stomatal conductance – leading to enrichment in Δ18O – than increases in photosynthetic capacity. Plausible explanations for the observed declines in growth include water stress resulting from rising temperatures and El Niño events, increased respiration, changes in allocation, or more likely, a combination of these factors.


As the semiconductor industry continues to shrink the transistor feature size, new fault models need to be invented and deployed to ensure manufacturing test and diagnostic of the highest quality. The Cell-Aware (CA) test and diagnosis methodology targets the detection of defects inside standard (std) cells, at the transistor level. While becoming an industry standard, the CA methodology, has a large and costly deployment overhead, involving numerous analog simulations. In [1], we presented an innovative flow using Machine-Learning (ML) to reduce the CA test method runtime and ease its adoption for industrial usage. Experiments using different technology nodes demonstrated an over 99% runtime reduction for 80% of combinational cells. In this paper, new elements are presented to more widely take advantage of the ML flow for CA characterization. This includes a new decision algorithm, leveraging ML techniques to decide whether the CA characterization of a new std cell should be ML-based or simulation-based, thus allowing to decrease the CA characterization runtime while maintaining high quality CA models for all cells. Experimental results demonstrate the high performance of the new decision algorithm. The fault coverage on real cell-internal defects of ATPG patterns using ML predicted CA data proves that our predicted CA data can accurately replace those obtained by running extensive analog simulations, thus proving the effectiveness and pertinence of the proposed methodology.


A 14-year-old girl presented with severe haemorrhagic diathesis. Her past history suggested a congenital bleeding disorder. Investigations disclosed severe deficiency of all four vitamin K-dependent factors and a functional defect of platelets. These were caused by simultaneous administration of vitamin K antagonists and anti-inflammatory drugs. A complete clinical and laboratory recovery took place following withdrawal of drugs. The severity of the haemorrhagic diathesis prompted us to describe the case in order to draw the attention of medical personnel to the dangerous potentiation effects of different drugs administered with vitamin K antagonists.


Recent evidence suggests that nociceptive modulatory cells in the nucleus raphe magnus (RM) and adjacent nucleus reticularis magnocellularis (NRMC) may participate in the modulation of autonomic processing. Therefore, spectral analyses were used to determine component frequencies common to both arterial blood pressure and the activity of RM/NRMC neurons in rats lightly anesthetized with isoflurane. These analyses detected powerful, extremely low frequency (period length: 6.4-18.5 min) oscillations in arterial blood pressure and in the activity of two classes of RM/NRMC neurons, ON and OFF cells. All ON cells discharged during periods of low blood pressure, whereas all OFF cells discharged during periods of high blood pressure. In contrast, the discharge of NEUTRAL and REGULAR cells did not have a consistent relationship to blood pressure. The role of these cells in nociceptive modulation is also unclear. The results presented indicate that ON and OFF cells may participate in the modulation of both autonomic and nociceptive processing.


In China, esophageal cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death where essentially all cases are histologically esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), in contrast to esophageal adenocarcinoma in the West. Globally, ESCC is 2.4 times more common among men than women and recently it has been suggested that sex hormones may be associated with the risk of ESCC. We examined the association between genetic variants in sex hormone metabolic genes and ESCC risk in a population from north central China with high-incidence rates. A total of 1026 ESCC cases and 1452 controls were genotyped for 797 unique tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 51 sex hormone metabolic genes. SNP-, gene- and pathway-based associations with ESCC risk were evaluated using unconditional logistic regression adjusted for age, sex and geographical location and the adaptive rank truncated product (ARTP) method. Statistical significance was determined through use of permutation for pathway- and gene-based associations. No associations were observed for the overall sex hormone metabolic pathway (P = 0.14) or subpathways (androgen synthesis: P = 0.30, estrogen synthesis: P = 0.15 and estrogen removal: P = 0.19) with risk of ESCC. However, six individual genes (including SULT2B1, CYP1B1, CYP3A7, CYP3A5, SHBG and CYP11A1) were significantly associated with ESCC risk (P < 0.05). Our examination of genetic variation in the sex hormone metabolic pathway is consistent with a potential association with risk of ESCC. These positive findings warrant further evaluation in relation to ESCC risk and replication in other populations.


Within our profession we need to dispel the mystique surrounding the notion of writing for publication. Anyone interested in writing can do so with self-understanding, proper information, and preparation.


This paper explores the viability of neural-network-based classification of ground surface for vehicles. By classifying road surface in near real-time, improvements in vehicle performance (e.g. braking and cornering) may be possible. Classification performance for many combinations of feature encoding and neural network types are compared. The vehicle used here was an Audi "S3" with a magnetic suspension system on the Sport mode. An NI CompactRIO (or cDAQ) module was used to record from a lowing the cDAQ to communicate with the PCB 352C03 one-axis accelerometer. The accelerometer was firmly attached to the windshield of the car. This work focuses on the classification of four road surfaces (asphalt, dirt, concrete, and sand), though larger target sets were also considered. The most accurate method involved a MATLAB feature extraction package with a back-propagation neural network, yielding an overall accuracy of 97%. Lessons learned from this wide exploration of options may extend to other related classification problems.


The paper presents a parameter-dependent Lyapunov approach for the control of nonstationary linear-parameter varying systems. The work is motivated by the challenges encountered in controlling nonlinear systems about pre-specified aggressive trajectories, specifically ones which eventually settle into periodic orbits. The control design method uses the l2-induced norm performance measure, and the analysis and synthesis results are given in terms of parameterized linear matrix inequalities. Two fast and easy-to-implement algorithms for online controller construction are also provided.


Many hoped that social networking sites would allow for the open exchange of information and a revival of the public sphere. Unfortunately, conversations on social media are often toxic and not conducive to healthy political discussions. Twitter, the most widely used social network for political discussions, doubled the limit of characters in a tweet in November 2017, which provided an opportunity to study the effect of technological affordances on political discussions using a discontinuous time series design. Using supervised and unsupervised natural language processing methods, we analyzed 358,242 tweet replies to U.S. politicians from January 2017 to March 2018. We show that doubling the permissible length of a tweet led to less uncivil, more polite, and more constructive discussions online. However, the declining trend in the empathy and respectfulness of these tweets raises concerns about the implications of the changing norms for the quality of political deliberation.


This paper presents a method to quickly calculate the rudder forces including the interaction between rudder and propeller. The presented method couples and enhances two existing methods for the calculation of propeller and rudder forces. Since the method should be applied in the early design stage, the used methods need to be quick and therefore they both base on the potential theory. Firstly, the interaction between the different lifting surfaces is calculated iteratively with a lifting line approach, where each device is described by a lifting line. Afterwards, these results are used as initial values in a three dimensional panel method. After calculating the setup in the panel method, the results are used to improve the calculation of the lifting line. At the end, the pressure distribution on the rudder and the forces of the rudder are calculated using the panel method, whereas the forces and moments of the propeller are calculated with the lifting line. The paper presents results of the rudder-propeller interaction for the ahead condition in an exemplary case.


ABSTRACT During 1994 and 1995, 157 isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes from patients with invasive disease were consecutively collected in the San Francisco Bay area to determine the frequency of antimicrobial resistance. Susceptibility testing was performed according to the guidelines of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards by the disk method and by broth microdilution. For comparison of susceptibility patterns, an additional 149 strains were randomly collected from patients with pharyngitis. For San Francisco County, 32% of the isolates from invasive-disease-related specimens but only 9% of the isolates from throat cultures from the same period were resistant to erythromycin (P = 0.0007). Alameda County and Contra Costa County had rates of resistance of ≤10% from isolates from all cultures. When the data were analyzed by hospital, the San Francisco County Hospital had a statistically higher rate of erythromycin resistance (39%) among the strains from serious infections compared to those from other counties (P = <0.0003). For tetracycline, high rates of resistance were observed in San Francisco County for both isolates from patients with invasive disease (34%) and pharyngitis (21%) in the same period. Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, two clones, one at the San Francisco County Hospital and a second in the entire area, were identified. The latter clone exhibited resistance to bacitracin. Of 146 strains that were tested by microdilution, all were susceptible to penicillin. Clindamycin resistance was not seen among the erythromycin-susceptible strains, but two of the 39 erythromycin-resistant strains were also resistant to clindamycin. An additional 34 strains showed resistance to clindamycin when exposed to an erythromycin disk in the double-disk diffusion test, suggesting that the mechanism of erythromycin resistance is due to an erm gene. This study demonstrates a high rate of resistance to macrolides and tetracycline among S. pyogenes isolates in San Francisco County and shows that macrolide resistance is more common in strains from patients with invasive disease than in strains from those with pharyngitis.


Pulmonary Embolism an Uncommon First Presenting Symptom of an Undiagnosed Case of HIV Anil Jha 1 , Hassan Ghoz 1 , Nicholas James 2 1 Division of Internal Medicine, Steward Carney Hospital, Tufts School of Medicine, Dorchester, MA, USA 2 Division of Critical Care and Pulmonology, Steward Carney Hospital, Tufts School of Medicine, Dorchester, MA, USA ABSTRACT A 32 years old male who presented to our emergency department with shortness of breath, cough and weight loss, all started less than a month time and later diagnosed with HIV infection with very high viral load and low CD4 count. His presenting history was lead the diagnostic workup toward malignancy as there was large hilar masses and concern of metastasis to different place mainly abdomen. Suspicion of HIV arouses as the biopsy from the hilar mass came back negative for malignancy but was positive for tuberculosis. HIV serology came back positive. The literature review showed pulmonary embolism as the very rare first presentation of HIV, and only four cases reported so far. Although venous thromboembolism is very common in chronic cases of HIV. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 8(1):33-36 Keywords: HIV, pulmonary embolism, cough, chest pain, tuberculosis


In this paper we introduce the linear operator of fractional integral equation of the second kind (FIESK) in the framework of the Riemann-Liouville fractional calculus. Some results concerning the existence and uniqueness have been also obtained. Particular attention is devoted to the technique of Laplace transform for treating FIESK. By applying this technique we shall derive the analytical solutions of the most linear FIESK.Other main objective concern here is to give an approximate scheme using collocation method to solve FIESK. Two fundamental questions concerning this method: its stability and convergence are discussed. We show that the analytical stability bounds are in excellent agreement with numerical tests. Comparison between exact solutions and approximate predictions is made.


This paper discusses the impact of property management in maintaining the value of residential product in Saudi Arabia. The paper reviewed a comparison of two property models: the first is managed by the property management system, and the second is managed by the owner only. In addition, the field questionnaire was used and distributed to a sample of the study community consisting of 125 real estate management institutions and real estate office in Riyadh. The results of the analysis indicate that property management contributes to raising the quality of the residential product and maintaining its market value. The residential product which managed by the property management system loses 10% of its value after 5 years. On the other hand, the product that managed by the owner loses more than 50% of its real value after 5 years. The paper proposes to strengthen cooperation between governmental and private institutions to establish a Real Estate Data Center (REDC) for the classification of residential properties subject to the criteria of management, quality and economic cost.


Abstract Purified water is a reagent used in a variety of molecular biology experiments, for sample and media preparation, in mobile phases of liquid chromatography techniques, and in rinsing steps. The combination of several technologies in water purification systems allows delivering high-purity water adapted to each application and technique. Through a series of examples, the importance of water quality on biotechnology experiments, such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis by denaturating HPLC, RNA preparation and PCR, is presented. Results obtained on DNA mutation and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis using the denaturating HPLC (DHPLC) technique highlight the benefits of organic removal by UV photooxidation process. Comparative gel electrophoresis data show that ultrafiltration is as efficient as diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC) treatment for suppressing RNase activity in water. Gel electrophoresis and densitometry measurement also point out the benefits of ultrafiltration to carry out reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction quantitatively.


ARE INJURIES THAT OCCUR ON HOME PLAYROUNDS MORE SERIOUS THAN THOSE THAT OCCUR ON PUBLIC PLAYGROUNDS? J.E. McCain, K.W. Monroe, W.D. King, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL. Purpose: Greater than 200,000 children per year are evaluated in US emergency departments because of playground injuries. A minority of these visits (23%) occur on home playgrounds, whereas 70% of playground deaths occur at home. Few data exist to further describe injuries occurring on home and public playgrounds that are not life-threatening. In this study, we sought to determine if more serious injuries occur on home playgrounds compared with public playgrounds. Methods: An injury surveillance form was developed in our emergency department 2 years ago to identify several major types of injuries and to describe the circumstances leading to injury occurrence. These forms are included with every chart for children presenting to the emergency department with complaints of any type of injury. An assistant separated these forms by method of injury: sports, falls, bicycle, vehicle, playground, or burn. Epidemiologic data were extracted from each playground injury form and was then entered into EpistatH and a z-test of proportions was used for statistical analysis. Results: Between March and August 2006, 106 children were identified as having playground injuries. Of these, 56% were male and ages ranged from 2 to 15 years old, with a median age of 6. Most injuries occurred on public playgrounds (70%). The types of injuries sustained include fractures (48%), lacerations (19%), and closed head traumas (18%). The remaining 15% of injuries were relatively minor: sprains, strains, abrasions, and isolated pain. Admission was necessary for 9% of our population. When comparing injuries that occurred at home versus those that occurred at a public playground, there was no statistical difference in rate of admission (z 5 20.23, p 5 .82 [20.13, 0.11]). Between these two groups, we also found no statistical difference in numbers of fractures (z 5 1.11, p 5 0.27 [20.35, 0.07]), in numbers of closed head traumas (z 5 0.77, p 5 .44 [20.08, 0.25]), or in numbers of lacerations (z 5 20.16, p 5 .87 [20.16, 0.17]). Conclusion: This information shows that in our population, the types of injuries that occur on home playgrounds are not more serious than those that occur on public playgrounds. Significant injuries do occur on both home and public playgrounds; 85% of the injuries children sustained in this study were fractures, closed head traumas, and lacerations. Increased effort should be applied to making playgrounds safer for children in both types of environments.


A miniature fuse module was designed and incorporated into a solid tantalum capacitor for high-frequency bypass applications. The fuse consists of a fine bimetallic wire which reacts exothermically upon reaching a critical initiation temperature. It is housed in an electrically and thermally insulative body to minimize fusing energy. The desirability of having fused devices is discussed. Design constraints, in particular those design considerations which minimize inductance and series resistance while optimizing fusing characteristics, are presented. Construction techniques to produce fuse assemblies and join them to capacitors are reviewed, and parametric measurements of fused and unfused devices are compared. Factors affecting the amount of energy required to actuate the fuse and the reliability of actuation are identified. Typically, fuse actuation occurs within 25 ms of short circuit capacitor failure and requires between 1.5 and 2.5 A to initiate with the total energy used being less than 150 mJ. A device can now be produced that withstands switching and transient surges without incident while protecting circuits and equipment from disruption and damage caused by short circut capacitor failures.


This paper presents an analysis technique and a novel program transformation that can enable powerful optimizations for entire linked data structures. The fully automatic transformation converts ordinary programs to use pool (aka region) allocation for heap-based data structures. The transformation relies on an efficient link-time interprocedural analysis to identify disjoint data structures in the program, to check whether these data structures are accessed in a type-safe manner, and to construct a Disjoint Data Structure Graph that describes the connectivity pattern within such structures. We present preliminary experimental results showing that the data structure analysis and pool allocation are effective for a set of pointer intensive programs in the Olden benchmark suite. To illustrate the optimizations that can be enabled by these techniques, we describe a novel pointer compression transformation and briefly discuss several other optimization possibilities for linked data structures.


We study learning in a simulated tournament using an inter-generational framework. Here a group of subjects are recruited into the lab and play the stage game for 10 rounds. After his participation is over, each player is replaced by another player, his laboratory descendant, who then plays the game for another 10 rounds as a member of a fresh group of subjects. A particular player in generation t+1 can (1) see the history of choices by his generation t predecessor and (2) receive advice from that predecessor via free-form messages that generation t players leave for their generation t+1 successors. We find that the presence of advice makes a difference in that the experimental groups who get advice perform better – their decisions are closer to the Nash equilibrium – compared to a control group of subjects that plays the game with no recourse to such advice.


Pseudo-labeling (PL) has been shown to be effective in semi-supervised automatic speech recognition (ASR), where a base model is self-trained with pseudo-labels generated from unlabeled data. While PL can be further improved by iteratively updating pseudo-labels as the model evolves, most of the previous approaches involve inefficient retraining of the model or intricate control of the label update. We present momentum pseudo-labeling (MPL), a simple yet effective strategy for semi-supervised ASR. MPL consists of a pair of online and offline models that interact and learn from each other, inspired by the mean teacher method. The online model is trained to predict pseudo-labels generated on the fly by the offline model. The offline model maintains a momentum-based moving average of the online model. MPL is performed in a single training process and the interaction between the two models effectively helps them reinforce each other to improve the ASR performance. We apply MPL to an end-to-end ASR model based on the connectionist temporal classification. The experimental results demonstrate that MPL effectively improves over the base model and is scalable to different semi-supervised scenarios with varying amounts of data or domain mismatch.


Beyond The Enrollment Management Division: The Enrollment Management Organization(c) Abstract The term "enrollment management organization" is used to identify a systems approach to establishing optimum enrollment at a college or university. It integrates assessment, planning, and budgeting on an institution-wide basis to determine and achieve enrollment goals. The purpose of this paper is to provide a step-by-step process that will enable all institutions of higher education to move from focusing on an enrollment management division for achieving goals to utilizing the entire institution, thereby transforming to an Enrollment Management Organization(c). Management theory has evolved over the years to a point where the enrollment management division of a college or university is often considered a viable option in attempts to achieve optimum enrollment. The division provides leadership in achieving the appropriate enrollment levels by meaningfully involving all constituencies of the institution in achieving specified goals. However, while the literature has focused on the division leading recruitment and retention efforts, little has been shared about how an organization can systematically link assessment, planning, budgeting, and enrollment management into a system that can be applied, evaluated, and updated on a regular basis. Although much has been learned and shared about enrollment management, individuals responsible for recruitment at colleges and universities still are uncertain about how to determine optimum enrollment levels. In addition, various constituencies-faculty, students, assessment staff, and finance officers-often do not meaningfully understand how their individual contributions can have a direct effect on an institution's student population. The term "enrollment management organization" is used to identify a system's approach to establishing an optimum level of students at a college or university. It integrates assessment, planning, and budgeting on a college-wide basis to achieve its goals. An enrollment management organization is able to responsibly answer the question, "How many students do we want to enroll?" The purpose of this article is to provide a step-by-step process that will enable institutions to answer this question. Outcomes assessment of learning in major fields of study, the general education curriculum, and attitudinal change are related to enrollment management. Cyclical self-assessment programs are linked to college-wide enrollment projections and budgeting for activities related to recruitment and retention. Cyclical departmental zero-based budgeting is introduced as a new method to budget efficiently for projected student populations. Methods of measuring organizational health and establishing meaningful environmental scanning models are introduced in such a way that each easily relates to enrollment management. The four cornerstones of the Enrollment Management Organization (EMO)-outcomes assessment, cyclical program self-assessment, organizational health, and environmental scanning-provide a natural evolution from an enrollment management process that is division-focused to one that is focused organization-wide. This process is intended to revamp the manner in which enrollment management is practiced in higher education for the new millennium. Evolution of the Enrollment Management Organization ADMISSIONS TO RECRUITING TO MARKETING During the 1960s and 1970s, colleges and universities were doubly blessed with an abundance of students resulting from the baby boomers and the general admiration of the public. The ivory tower was intact as students were the ones who had to fight to get into selected schools. Students needed and wanted an education, while the public put educators on a pedestal of approbation. Many colleges and universities enjoyed the role of gatekeepers, being selective in the enrollment process while students typically marketed themselves to the institutions of higher learning. …


Aims: To evaluate the filling of simulated lateral canals with gutta-percha or Resilon when using thermomechanical compaction. Setting and Design: Forty-five human single-rooted teeth were subjected to tooth decalcification and clearing. Materials and Methods: After root canal preparation, artificial lateral canals were made at 2, 5, and 8 mm from the working length (WL), corresponding to the apical, middle, and cervical thirds, respectively. The specimens were divided (n = 15) according to the filling material: Dentsply gutta-percha (GD), Odous gutta-percha (GO), and Resilon cones (RE). Root canals were obturated by thermomechanical compaction using a #45 compactor and no sealer. Lateral canals were analyzed by digital radiography and digital images after tooth decalcification and clearing using the Image Tool software. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests at 5% significance. Results: In the coronal third, RE and GO presented more filling ability than GD (P < 0.05). In the middle and apical thirds, RE presented the best results. Conclusions: Resilon demonstrated filling ability as material for root canal obturation by using thermomechanical compaction.