In relevance classification, we hope to judge whether some utterances expressed on a topic are relevant or not. A usual method is to train a specific classifier respectively for each topic. However, in that way, it easily causes an underfitting problem in supervised learning model, since annotated data can be insufficient for every single topic. In this paper, we explore the common features beyond different topics and propose our cross-topic relevance embedding aggregation methodology (CREAM) that can expand the range of training data and apply what has been learned from source topics to a target topic. In our experiment, we show that our proposal could capture common features within a small amount of annotated data and improve the performance of relevance classification compared with other baselines.


An air quality monitoring network consisting of 53 stations at 9 cities over the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) simultaneously measured gaseous and particulate pollutants (SO2, NO2, CO, O3, PM2.5 and PM10) during the six-month Shanghai World Expo in 2010. The regional distribution of air pollutants showed that Shanghai was a low-SO2-PM10 zone over the YRD during the Expo, owing to the effective controls that were applied to power plants, industrial activities and construction works. However, Shanghai also became a high-NOx-CO-O3 zone in the YRD, partly due to the large number of vehicles in Shanghai, and also the expected increase in transportation emissions due to the tremendous number of visitors during the Expo. Monthly variations in the major pollutants generally presented similar patterns, with lower values in the middle of the Expo, i.e., from July to September, and higher values in May, June and October. The magnitudes of pollutant precursor (SO2 and NO2) concentrations and meteorological conditions (e.g., wind speed, directional wind from X vector, and mixing layer height) were investigated, and found to play important roles in the monthly variations. Spatial correlations of air pollutants between Shanghai and the other 8 cities revealed the impact of regional transport on air quality in Shanghai, and vice versa. Intense air pollution episodes in Shanghai were mainly related to the regional/long-range transport from inland polluted regions. The high frequency of marine winds during the Expo had a positive effect on the air quality of coastal cities, while it had a negative effect on some inland cities in the YRD.


In this letter, we analyze the power control effects in a least-square (LS) channel estimation for an amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying network over frequency-selective fading channel. In particular, we analyze such effects through a mean-square-error (MSE) performance for relaying link signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) between source-to-relay and source-to-destination. Finally, it is shown that the performance evaluations confirm the analysis results.


Heterogeneous copper catalysts were prepared by the deposition of CuI on a
hybrid material consisting of silica and a polymer with imidazolium moieties.
The solid materials were characterised using solid‐phase NMR, Fourier transform
infrared, Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopies and Brunauer–
Emmett–Teller measurements. The formation of copper–carbene complexes
was proved from Raman spectra and the results were supported by density
functional theory calculations. The catalyst could be recycled efficiently with
low loss of copper. Metal leaching was proved to be facilitated by the use of conditions
typical for a homogeneous system (the presence of a polar solvent or the
addition of a tertiary amine). Besides simple model reactions, the best catalyst
was found to be suitable for the synthesis of triazoles of more elaborate structure,
such as ferrocene or steroid derivatives.


In the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis in ambulatory patients, the recommended initial steps are assessment of clinical probability (CP) and a sensitive D-dimer test. With a low CP and negative D-dimer, thrombosis can be ruled out. All other constellations require further investigation with imaging techniques. Compression ultrasonography is the first-line investigation. Low-molecular weight heparin or fondaparinux is the treatment of choice for uncomplicated venous thrombosis. Secondary prophylaxis with a vitamin K antagonist is introduced in parallel as quickly as possible. The duration of treatment depends on the exposure and predisposing factors, weighing carefully the risk of recurrence on the one hand against the risk of bleeding on the other. The danger of a post thrombotic syndrome is reduced by the immediate begin of a long lasting compression therapy.


With the explosive growth of biomedical literature, designing automatic tools to extract information from the literature has great significance in biomedical research. Recently, transformer-based BERT models adapted to the biomedical domain have produced leading results. However, all the existing BERT models for relation classification only utilize partial knowledge from the last layer. In this paper, we will investigate the method of utilizing the entire layer in the fine-tuning process of BERT model. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to explore this method. The experimental results illustrate that our method improves the BERT model performance and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on three benchmark datasets for different relation extraction tasks. In addition, further analysis indicates that the key knowledge about the relations can be learned from the last layer of BERT model.


Next-generation power converters are expected to be reduced in size, weight, and cost while providing highly reliable operation over an extended lifetime with minimal ecological footprint. This work investigates how intelligent monitoring and maintenance technologies (IMMs) play a key role in realizing these typically conflicting objectives. It uniquely analyzes the economic and ecological potential, i.e., the increased average operational lifetime of converters, which can be realized via intelligent maintenance using extracted state-of-health data. Consequently, newest monitoring and maintenance technologies that address thermally induced stress and strain in power modules are discussed and categorized regarding their level of complexity and cost of implementation. This facilitates finding the necessary implementation effort and cost to achieve the defined reliability and lifetime requirements of specific applications. Finally, this work reviews the impact of artificial intelligence and cloud technologies on increasing the effectiveness of maintenance technology. Both technologies reveal a path to new business opportunities, such as "power-as-a-service," and have the potential to transform the "hardware-oriented" power converter industry as we know it into a "data-driven" industry.


A field study was conducted on dry land to determine the contribution of different plant parts to the kernel development of wheat and barley. Shading of the spike proved to be the most effective treatment in reducing the grain yield and 1000-kernel weight of wheat and barley. The least significant effect was obtained by the removal of the lower leaves. Treatments made 1 week before anthesis caused maximum reductions in grain yield and 1000-kernel weight. Plant height was least affected by shading or removal of the different plant parts. Clipping full awns at anthesis had the most significant effect on the grain yield and 1000-kernel weight of wheat, reducing the yield 20.8% and the weight 13.4%. This reduction corresponded to the proportion of the awns clipped and the advancement of the stages of growth studied. The plant height was not affected by clipping the awns.


Introduction: Type 2 diabetesmellitus (T2DM) is ametabolic diseasewith widespread concern in theworld. It has the characteristics of high incidence rate and high disability rate, which seriously affects economic and social development. large dose herb Rhizoma Coptidis (Huanglian) and Scutellaria (Huangqin) or compound prescription contain large dose Huanglian andHuanglian for treatment of T2DMhas already been confirmed.However, due to the lack of evidence, there is no specificmethod or suggestion, so it is necessary to carry out systematic evaluation on Coptidis and Scutellaria and provide effective evidence for further research. Methods and analysis: The following databases will be searched from their inception to June 2020: Electronic database includes PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Nature, Science online, Chinese Biomedical DatabaseWanFang, VIP medicine information, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Primary outcomes: fasting blood-glucose (FBG), 2 Hours Postprandial Blood Glucose (2hPBG), Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). additional outcomes: Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), total serum cholesterol (TC). Data will be extracted by 2 researchers independently, risk of bias of the meta-analysis will be evaluated based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. All data analysis will be conducted by data statistics software Review Manager V.5.3. and Stata V.12.0. Results: The results of this study will systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of large dose Huanglian and Huangqin intervention for people with T2DM. Conclusion: The systematic review of this study will summarize the current published evidence of large dose Huanglian and Huangqin for the treatment of T2DM, which can further guide the promotion and application of it. Ethics and dissemination: This study is a systematic review, the outcomes are based on the published evidence, so examination and agreement by the ethics committee are not required in this study. We intend to publish the study results in a journal or conference presentations. Open Science Framework (OSF) registration number: July 21, 2020. osf.io/b6r3z. (https://osf.io/b6r3z) Abbreviations: Huanglian = Rhizoma Coptidis, Huangqin = Scutellaria, RCT = randomized controlled trial.


The superregenerative receiver has been widely used for many decades in short-range wireless communications because of its relative simplicity, reduced cost, and low power consumption. However, the theory that describes the behavior of this type of receiver, which was mainly developed prior to 1950, is of limited scope, since it applies to particular implementations, usually operating under continuous-wave signal or narrow-band modulation. As a novelty, we present the theory of superregenerative reception from a generic point of view. We develop an analytic study based on a generic block diagram of the receiver and consider not only narrow-band, but a wider variety of input signals. The study allows general results and conclusions that can be easily particularized to specific implementations to be obtained. Starting from the proposed model, the differential equation that describes the operation of the receiver in the linear mode is deducted and solved. Normalized parameters and functions characterizing the performance of the receiver are presented, as well as the requirements for proper operation. Several characteristic phenomena, such as hangover and multiple resonance, are described. The nonlinear behavior of the active device is also modeled to obtain a solution of the differential equation in the logarithmic mode of operation. The study is completed with a practical example operating at 2.4 GHz and illustrating the typical performance of a superregenerative receiver.


This thesis describes an analytical and experimental study to determine the mechanical characteristics of the pump mounting, bell housing type. For numerical purposes, the mount was modelled as a thin circular cylindrical shell with cutouts, stiffened with rings and stringers; the boundary conditions were considered to be either clamped-free or clamped-supporting rigid heavy mass. The theoretical study was concerned with both the static response and the free vibration characteristics of the mount. The approach was based on the Rayleigh-Ritz approximation technique using beam characteristic (axial) and trigonometric (Circumferential) functions in the displacement series, in association with the Love - Timoshenko thin shell theory. Studies were carried out to determine the effect of the supported heavy mass on the static response, frequencies and mode shapes; in addition, the effects of stringers, rings and cutouts on vibration characteristics were investigated. The static and dynamic formulations were both implemented on the Hewlett Packard 9845 computer. The experimental study was conducted to evaluate the results of the natural frequencies and mode shapes, predicted numerically. In the experimental part, a digital computer was used as an experiment controller, which allowed accurate and quick results. The following observations were made: 1. Good agreements were obtained with the results of other investigators. 2. Satisfactory agreement was achieved between the theoretical and experimental results. 3. Rings coupled the axial modal functions of the plain cylinder and tended to increase frequencies, except for the torsion modes where frequencies were reduced. Stringers coupled the circumferential modal functions and tended to decrease frequencies. The effect of rings was stronger than that of stringers. 4. Cutouts tended to reduce frequencies; in general, but this depends on the location of the cutouts; if they are near the free edge then an increase in frequencies is obtained. Cutouts coupled both axial and circumferential modal functions. 5. The supported heavy mass had similar effects to those of the rings, but in an exaggerated manner, particularly in the reduction of torsion frequencies. 6. The method of analysis was found to be a convenient analytical tool for estimating the overall behaviour of the shell with cutouts.


The rapid development of genome modification technology has provided many great benefits in diverse areas of research and industry. Genome modification technologies have also been actively used in a variety of research areas and fields of industry in avian species. Transgenic technologies such as lentiviral systems and piggyBac transposition have been used to produce transgenic birds for diverse purposes. In recent years, newly developed programmable genome editing tools such as transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) have also been successfully adopted in avian systems with primordial germ cell (PGC)-mediated genome modification. These genome modification technologies are expected to be applied to practical uses beyond system development itself. The technologies could be used to enhance economic traits in poultry such as acquiring a disease resistance or producing functional proteins in eggs. Furthermore, novel avian models of human diseases or embryonic development could also be established for research purposes. In this review, we discuss diverse genome modification technologies used in avian species, and future applications of avian biotechnology.


In Molecular Dynamics (MD), the forces applied to atoms derive from potentials which describe the energy of bonds, valence angles, torsion angles, and Lennard-Jones interactions of which molecules are made. These de finitions are classic; on the contrary, their implementation in a MD system which respects local equilibrium of mechanical conditions is usually not described. The precise derivation of the forces from the potential and the proof that their application preserves energy is the object of this note. This work is part of the building of a multi-scale MD system, presently under development.


Visual stress from watching 3D TV and other stereoscopic displays has been reported by a number of studies. Alarming media reports of concerns for public health prompted the 3D industry to issue consumer guidance and warnings emphasising best practice and caution for susceptible groups. This study considers the importance of the problem by addressing the questions of prevalence, magnitude and significance of a range of symptoms and preferences associated with 3D viewing. A large cohort of 52 subjects (likely the largest used in such studies) with no pre-existing optometric or medical conditions viewed randomised 10 minute sessions in 3D or 2D. Results revealed a wide range of adverse symptoms of high magnitude and statistical significance for 3D, whether measured as a comparison between 3D and 2D or independently for each condition. In addition, an online survey of 106 participants concurred with subject preferences in indicating that 48% of respondents do not find 3D TV comfortable to watch. We conclude that visual stress and discomfort associated with 3D viewing is prevalent for a significant proportion of the healthy consumer population, and propose that the 3D industry address the problem on public health and commercial grounds.


The dissertation consists of four papers that aim at providing new contributions in the field of macroeconomics, monetary policy and financial stability. The first paper proposes a new Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model with credit frictions and a banking sector to study the pro-cyclicality of credit and the role of different prudential regulatory frameworks in affecting business cycle fluctuations and in restoring macroeconomic and financial stability. The second paper develops a simple DSGE model capable of evaluating the effects of large purchases of treasuries by central banks. This theoretical framework is employed to evaluate the impact on yields and the macroeconomy of large purchases of medium- and long-term government bonds recently implemented in the US and UK. The third paper studies the effects of ECB communications about unconventional monetary policy operations on the perceived sovereign risk of Italy over the last five years. The empirical results are derived from both an event-study analysis and a GARCH model, which uses Italian long-term bond futures to disentangle expected from unexpected policy actions. The fourth paper proposes a DSGE model with an endogenous term structure of interest rates, which is able to replicate the stylized facts regarding the yield curve and the term premium in the US over the period 1987:3-2011:3, without compromising its ability to match macro dynamics.


Abstract On the question of whether external finance stimulates GDP growth, the profession offers inconclusive as well as frequent contradictory outcomes. While waiting for a robust consensus, this paper addressed directly the mechanisms through which external finance should influence economic growth. Investment was identify as the most significant transmission mechanism, and as well considers effects via funding regime consumption expenditure and import. By employing the residual generated repressors', we accomplish a measure of the overall influence of external finance on economic growth, accounting for the influence through investment. Based on the pooled panel outcomes, a sample of twenty-five Sub-Saharan Africa economies were examine over the period of 1970–1997; the result indicates that there is a significant and positive effect of overseas assistance on economic growth, ceteris paribus. Based on average, each 1 % point upsurge in the aid/GNP ratio contributes one-quarter of 1 % point to the growth rate. Therefore, the poor economic growth in Africa should not be attributed to external finance ineffectiveness.


Among the many analgesic agents available, buprenorphine appears to be the analgesic used most often in rabbits. Unfortunately, deleterious side effects of opioids, such as gastrointestinal stasis and anorexia, may discourage the use of these agents. Methylnaltrexone is a peripheral opioid antagonist that ameliorates opioid-induced gastrointestinal stasis in others species yet preserves the analgesic effects of buprenorphine. We evaluated whether methylnaltrexone reversed buprenorphine-induced gastrointestinal stasis in 8 healthy male New Zealand White rabbits. To measure gastrointestinal transit time, each rabbit received 20 barium-filled spheres through an orogastric tube. Rabbits then received 4 treatments in random order: buprenorphine (0.05 mg/kg SC), methylnaltrexone (1 mg/kg SC), both agents combined (B+M), or normal saline (control) every 12 h for 2 d. Fecal production was measured every 6 h, and water and food consumption, and body weight, were measured daily, for 5 d after each treatment. The time to appearance of the first sphere was significantly longer for buprenorphine group than for control and methylnaltrexone groups. Daily fecal output was lowest for buprenorphine and B+M, intermediate for control, and highest for methylnaltrexone. Water and food consumption were lower for groups buprenorphine and B+M than for control and methylnaltrexone. Body weight was not affected. In conclusion, treatment with buprenorphine 0.05 mg/kg BID for 2 d in healthy rabbits decreased food and water consumption, prolonged gastrointestinal transit time and decreased the fecal output. Coadministration of methylnaltrexone at 1 mg/kg did not alleviate these negative side effects.


We propose to measure fine-grained domain relevance– the degree that a term is relevant to a broad (e.g., computer science) or narrow (e.g., deep learning) domain. Such measurement is crucial for many downstream tasks in natural language processing. To handle long-tail terms, we build a core-anchored semantic graph, which uses core terms with rich description information to bridge the vast remaining fringe terms semantically. To support a fine-grained domain without relying on a matching corpus for supervision, we develop hierarchical core-fringe learning, which learns core and fringe terms jointly in a semi-supervised manner contextualized in the hierarchy of the domain. To reduce expensive human efforts, we employ automatic annotation and hierarchical positive-unlabeled learning. Our approach applies to big or small domains, covers head or tail terms, and requires little human effort. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our methods outperform strong baselines and even surpass professional human performance.


P48 is a recently described 48-kDa differentiation-inducing cytokine isolated from the culture medium of the human leukemia line Reh. P48 induces differentiation and cytolytic activity in the promyelocytic cell line HL-60, and stimulates the release of TNF-alpha and IL-1 from peripheral blood monocytes. In further studies designed to examine the biosynthesis and function of P48, surface immunofluorescence flow cytometry analysis as well as 125I surface labeling and immunoprecipitation, revealed the presence of P48 on the surface of Reh cells. Triton X-114-treated Reh cells were partitioned into detergent and aqueous phases and separated by SDS-PAGE. Western blot analysis revealed that P48 partitioned exclusively into the detergent phase, suggesting an integral membrane association. Reh cells fixed with paraformaldehyde, but not K562 or P815, were able to stimulate the release of TNF-alpha from peripheral blood monocytes in a manner similar to that of secreted P48. Isolated plasma membranes from Reh cells could also stimulate TNF-alpha release. This TNF-alpha-releasing activity could be removed from detergent solubilized Reh membranes by immunoaffinity chromatography on an anti-P48 column. This study suggests that, in addition to being secreted into the culture medium, P48 is expressed on the surface of Reh cells in a biologically active form. The membrane form of P48 may be 1) a final maturation step before secretion or 2) a cell membrane-associated form that may be analogous to the membrane forms of TNF-alpha and IL-1.


Combining coherent laser beams is an important and challenging area of laser science and is now still in a state of laboratory. We have succeeded in the coherent combination of three-element fiber-laser array based on ytterbium-doped polarization-maintaining single-mode power amplifiers with good experimental results. In this paper, we introduce the experimental setup and detailedly describe the method of measurement and control of phase noise. A single signal arm is taken as example, the measured phase noise are presented. At last, we give the results of coherent combination in the far field and briefly discuss a few factors having effect on the far field properties. We conclude that the combining method can be scaled to a large number of lasers.


Though some encounters with potentially illicit radiological or nuclear material involve a stationary or dwell survey, many of the conceivable encounters are dynamic in nature. In the general unshielded or homogeneously shielded dynamic encounter, the mean detectable source signature strength will follow a well behaved curve with time: increasing on approach, peaking at the point-of-closest-approach, and then decreasing. Despite this well understood phenomenon, many currently available detection systems are set up to optimally detect an arbitrary step function that may or may not be representative of the anticipated dynamics of the encounter. Of course, the fact that radiation emission generally follows a Poisson process requires a signal integration time. For example, the dynamic scanning mode of many detection systems considers discrete and independent one second response data. Such a system is only optimized for a one second dwell. This approach can be improved upon. It will be shown that if the dynamics (meaning range and relative velocity) are understood, the integration period can be optimized to yield maximum signal to noise ratio. An analytical expression describing gamma radiation signature strength will be provided that may be used as the basis for studies of the effectiveness of temporally aware approaches to source detection in a dynamic encounter.


Purpose: Advanced prostate cancer (PCa) has limited treatment regimens and shows low response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy, leading to poor prognosis. Histone modification is a vital mechanism of gene expression and a promising therapy target. In this study, we characterized WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5), a regulator of histone modification, and explored its potential therapeutic value in PCa. Experimental Design: We characterized specific regulators of histone modification, based on TCGA data. The expression and clinical features of WDR5 were analyzed in two dependent cohorts. The functional role of WDR5 was further investigated with siRNA and OICR-9429, a small molecular antagonist of WDR5, in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of WDR5 was explored by RNA-sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Results: WDR5 was overexpressed in PCa and associated with advanced clinicopathological features, and predicted poor prognosis. Both inhibition of WDR5 by siRNA and OICR-9429 could reduce proliferation, and increase apoptosis and chemosensitivity to cisplatin in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, targeting WDR5 by siRNA and OICR-9429 could block IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 expression in PCa cells. Mechanistically, we clarified that some cell cycle, anti-apoptosis, DNA repair and immune related genes, including AURKA, CCNB1, E2F1, PLK1, BIRC5, XRCC2 and PD-L1, were directly regulated by WDR5 and OICR-9429 in H3K4me3 and c-Myc dependent manner. Conclusions: These data revealed that targeting WDR5 suppressed proliferation, enhanced apoptosis, chemosensitivity to cisplatin and immunotherapy in PCa. Therefore, our findings provide insight into OICR-9429 is a multi-potency and promising therapy drug, which improves the antitumor effect of cisplatin or immunotherapy in PCa.


An electronic survey was used to assess the views of a diverse nationwide cohort of health care professionals regarding advance care planning and end-of-life care. A total of 645 responses were received. If diagnosed with a serious incurable illness with limited life expectancy, 97% would want to discuss their prognosis, 74% would refuse cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and 72% favored supportive/comfort care to more aggressive life-prolonging treatments. However, prognosis was thought to be discussed with only 52% of such patients, and just 5% thought doctors were either very or extremely successful at explaining advanced life-sustaining treatments to patients. Greater than 90% believed these discussions should best occur when a patient is thought to have one or more years to live and 80% thought they are best initiated in the outpatient setting.


This study was conducted to determine phytoextraction efficiency of Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl. for Pb (450 mg kg Pb(NO3)2) and the application of EDTA and DTPA (2.5DTPA, 5DTPA, 2.5EDTA, 5EDTA, 2.5EDTA+2.5DTPA, 2.5EDTA+5DTPA, 5EDTA+2.5DTPA, 5EDTA+5DTPA) on the Pb uptake and the potential for leaching of Pb during the phytoextraction process. Bioconcentration factor (BCF), translocation factor (TF) and tolerance index (TI) were calculated to determine Pb phytoextraction efficiency. Results showed that DTPA appeared to be more toxic to the plant than EDTA. Plants with combined treatments of EDTA and DTPA exhibited higher decrease in biomass compared to those that had received a treatment of EDTA and DTPA alone. 5DTPA and 5EDTA were the most efficient ratio for increasing concentrations of Pb in the shoots. DTPA showed much higher efficiency than EDTA. BCF of the shoot was relatively higher than the BCF of root. Thus, the plant would be applicable for Pb phytoextraction. Addition of chelates had virtually significant effect on Pb uptake by the plant and elevated Pb concentration in the soil and plant parts. Optimum phytoextraction was observed when 5mg kg EDTA and DTPA was added alone in single dosage to reduce the Pb–chelates leaching risk.


Improved life expectancy from advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been followed by a rise in comorbidities and polypharmacy in this aging population. Historically, polypharmacy has been associated with suboptimal virologic outcomes in persons with HIV, although data in the current ART era and among historically marginalized populations in the United States are limited. We measured the prevalence of comorbidities and polypharmacy, evaluating their impact on virologic suppression. This retrospective IRB-approved cross-sectional study reviewed health records of adults with HIV on ART and receiving care (≥2 visits) in 2019 at a single center in a historically minoritized community. Virologic suppression (HIV RNA <200 copies/mL) based on polypharmacy (≥5 non-HIV medications) or multimorbidity (≥2 chronic conditions) was evaluated. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with virologic suppression, with age, race/ethnicity, and CD4 < 200 cells/mm3 as covariates. Of the 963 individuals that met the criteria, 67%, 47%, and 34% had ≥1 comorbidity, multimorbidity, and polypharmacy, respectively. The cohort demographics were: mean of 49 years (range, 18-81), 40% cisgender women, 46% Latinx individuals, 45% Black individuals, 8% White individuals. Virologic suppression rates were 95% among patients with polypharmacy compared with 86% in those with a lower pill burden (p = 0.0001). The odds of virologic success were higher for individuals with polypharmacy [adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 2.3 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.2-4.4)] and Latinx identity [aOR = 2.4 (95% CI: 1.5-3.8)], but lower if a CD4 count <200 cells/mm3 [aOR = 0.07 (95% CI: 0.04-0.1)]. The comorbidity burden was higher than previously described, which are driving polypharmacy rates. In the current ART era, polypharmacy is not inherently associated with worse virologic outcomes.


In this paper we reconsider the conditions under which the finite-planning-horizon linear- quadratic differential game has an open-loop Nash equilibrium solution. Both necessary and sufficient conditions are presented for the existence of a unique solution in terms of an invertibility condition on a matrix. Moreover, we show that the often encountered solvability conditions stated in terms of Riccati equations are in general not correct. In an example we show that existence of a solution of the associated Riccati-type differential equations may fail to exist whereas an open-loop Nash equilibrium solution exists. The scalar case is studied in more detail, and we show that solvability of the associated Riccati equations is in that case both necessary and sufficient. Furthermore we consider convergence properties of the open-loop Nash equilibrium solution if the planning horizon is extended to infinity. To study this aspect we consider the existence of real solutions of the associated algebraic Riccati equation in detail and show how all solutions can be easily calculated from the eigenstructure of a matrix.


This paper presents a spatial domain quantum watermarking scheme. For a quantum watermarking scheme, a feasible quantum circuit is a key to achieve it. This paper gives a feasible quantum circuit for the presented scheme. In order to give the quantum circuit, a new quantum multi-control rotation gate, which can be achieved with quantum basic gates, is designed. With this quantum circuit, our scheme can arbitrarily control the embedding position of watermark images on carrier images with the aid of auxiliary qubits. Besides reversely acting the given quantum circuit, the paper gives another watermark extracting algorithm based on quantum measurements. Moreover, this paper also gives a new quantum image scrambling method and its quantum circuit. Differ from other quantum watermarking schemes, all given quantum circuits can be implemented with basic quantum gates. Moreover, the scheme is a spatial domain watermarking scheme, and is not based on any transform algorithm on quantum images. Meanwhile, it can make sure the watermark be secure even though the watermark has been found. With the given quantum circuit, this paper implements simulation experiments for the presented scheme. The experimental result shows that the scheme does well in the visual quality and the embedding capacity.


BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE
Sodium butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, can inhibit tumor conditioned medium-induced levels of promoter II and I. 3-specific transcripts. This study was designed to investigate the action of sodium butyrate on promoter II and I. 3 activity, which can be directed to elucidation of local estrogen production in breast cancer.

METHODS
Primary human adipose fibroblasts (HAF) treated with MCF-7 breast cancer cell-conditioned medium were used as a cell model system. Promoter II and I. 3 deletion luciferase constructs was transfected into HAF. Western blotting and electrophoretic mobility shift assay were performed to evaluate the effect of sodium butyrate on promoter II and I .3.

RESULTS
Breast cancer cell-conditioned medium enhanced phosphorylation of activator transcription factor-2 (ATF-2) which was the main modulatory subtype in CREB/ATF-2 family. The effect of sodium butyrate on aromatase expression in breast tumor fibroblasts was mediated by inhibition of phosphorylation of ATF-2, and hence, the inhibition of binding of a transcriptional complex containing phosphorylated ATF-2, C/EBP beta and CREB binding protein (CBP) to promoter II/I. 3 regulatory region.

CONCLUSIONS
Sodium butyrate reduces the level of aromatase mRNA arising from cancer-induced promoter region. The aberrant activation of promoter II and I. 3 in HAF is dependent on the phosphorylation of ATF-2.


Importance of the field: Antibiotics are essential for the treatment of bacterial infections and are among our most important drugs. Resistance has emerged to all classes of antibiotics in clinical use. Antibiotic resistance has, proven inevitable and very often it emerges rapidly after the introduction of a drug into the clinic. There is, therefore, a great interest in understanding the origins, scope and evolution of antibiotic resistance. Areas covered in this review: The review discusses the concept of the antibiotic resistome, which is the collection of all genes that directly or indirectly contribute to antibiotic resistance. What the reader will gain: The review seeks to assemble current knowledge of the resistome concept as a means of understanding the totality of resistance and not just resistance in pathogenic bacteria. Take home message: The concept of the antibiotic resistome provides a framework for the study and understanding of how resistance emerges and evolves. Furthermore, the study of the resistome reveals strategies that can be applied in new antibiotic discoveries.


The problem of contact between a part and a tool or between two deforming bodies is analysed in view of metal-forming processes. For simplicity, only the case of viscoplastic materials is considered. The velocity formulation is presented. The contact with a rigid tool is considered first and various forms of contact formulations are described: nodal contact, integral or discrete formulation with a penalty or with a Lagrange multiplier method. The time integration is considered which results in various explicit or implicit contact formulations. A special attention is paid to the contact between two deforming bodies or to the self-contact when a fold is generated in the work-piece. Some 2-D and 3-D application examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed formulations and algorithms. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) are at high risk of suicidal behaviors, highlighting the need for an improved understanding of potentially influential factors. One such domain is self-efficacy to manage suicidal thoughts and impulses. Psychometric data about the Self-Efficacy to Avoid Suicidal Action (SEASA) Scale within a sample of adults seeking SUD treatment (N = 464) is provided. Exploratory factor analysis supported a single self-efficacy construct. Lower SEASA scores, or lower self-efficacy, were reported in those with more severe suicidal ideation and those with more suicide attempts, providing evidence for convergent validity. Implications of measuring self-efficacy in the context of suicide risk assessment are discussed.


In "Hollow Bodies", Susan Dewey travels to Armenia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and India to follow the trade in women's bodies and efforts to stop it. What she finds is a counter-trafficking system at the mercy of funds from misguided international organizations and foreign governments. From counterproductive restrictions placed on NGOs by donors, to jaded employees and bribes given to prosecutors, Dewey highlights the structural flaws in place that allow, and sometimes even help, sex trafficking to continue.Based on research conducted with the International Organization for Migration (IOM), Dewey speaks with a range of actors from bar workers in Bombay to Embassy employees in Armenia and senior officials at international organizations. She discovers how a global problem plays on differently on the local level and why millions of aid dollars make little difference in the lives of women who are forced or compelled from their homes into the global sex trade.


The Cracow Circle was a group of four Polish philosophers and logicians (Salamucha, Bochenski, Drewnowski, Sobocinski) connected with Lvov-Warsaw School. They tried to apply the modern logic to a Christian thought. This application first needed explication what the mathematical logic really is—not a science connected with the Aristotelian abstraction of the second degree but formal science unnecessary in a strict reasoning and defining. Then they showed how important was always exactness in Christian thought and wrote some papers in which the modern logic was used in different issues (maybe the most famous was Salamucha's analysis of Thomas' proof ex motu of the existence of God). Cracow Circle was also strongly interested in relations between science and religion, they tried to show and explore new ways to develop Christian, especially catholic, views of the world, philosophy and theology. Very interesting was Drewnowski's philosophical program and its applications in various problems in philosophy, theology, sociology etc.


This study builds on previous work suggesting that many survivors report positive life changes soon after a sexual assault and that those who retain those changes over time report the least distress 1 year post-assault (P. Frazier, A. Conlon, & T. Glaser, 2001). The purposes of this study were to assess correlates of early reports of positive life changes and individual trajectories of self-reported positive changes over time among female sexual assault survivors (n = 171) using hierarchical linear modeling. The factors most related to reporting positive life change soon after the assault were social support, approach and religious coping, and perceived control over the recovery process. Increases in these factors also were associated with increases in self-reported positive life changes over time. The relations between social support and positive change also were mediated by coping strategies and control appraisals, particularly perceived control over the recovery process.


In steelmaking, the top-blown oxygen jet is used in refining processes and its behavior is therefore an important factor for decarburization and spitting behavior of molten metal in steel refining. Numerous studies have been conducted on decarburization and spitting behavior with top-blown oxygen under atmospheric pressure conditions; however, the behavior under reduced pressure for vacuum refining processes is still not fully understood.In this study, decarburization and spitting behavior with top-blown oxygen under reduced pressure was investigated by small-scale experiment. Decarburization rate in oxygen supply-controlling region increased as the ambient pressure decreased. Also, total amount of spitting in decarburization increased as the ambient pressure decreased. These results can be explained by the attenuation rate parameter, AR, calculated from the top-blown oxygen and ambient pressure conditions.


We demonstrate enhanced four-wave mixing (FWM) in doped silica waveguides integrated with graphene oxide (GO) layers. Owing to strong mode overlap between the integrated waveguides and GO films that have a high Kerr nonlinearity and low loss, the FWM efficiency of the hybrid integrated waveguides is significantly improved. We perform FWM measurements for different pump powers, wavelength detuning, GO coating lengths, and number of GO layers. Our experimental results show good agreement with theory, achieving up to ∼9.5-dB enhancement in the FWM conversion efficiency for a 1.5-cm-long waveguide integrated with 2 layers of GO. We show theoretically that for different waveguide geometries an enhancement in FWM efficiency of ∼20 dB can be obtained in the doped silica waveguides and more than 30 dB in silicon nanowires and slot waveguides. This demonstrates the effectiveness of introducing GO films into integrated photonic devices in order to enhance the performance of nonlinear optical processes.We demonstrate enhanced four-wave mixing (FWM) in doped silica waveguides integrated with graphene oxide (GO) layers. Owing to strong mode overlap between the integrated waveguides and GO films that have a high Kerr nonlinearity and low loss, the FWM efficiency of the hybrid integrated waveguides is significantly improved. We perform FWM measurements for different pump powers, wavelength detuning, GO coating lengths, and number of GO layers. Our experimental results show good agreement with theory, achieving up to ∼9.5-dB enhancement in the FWM conversion efficiency for a 1.5-cm-long waveguide integrated with 2 layers of GO. We show theoretically that for different waveguide geometries an enhancement in FWM efficiency of ∼20 dB can be obtained in the doped silica waveguides and more than 30 dB in silicon nanowires and slot waveguides. This demonstrates the effectiveness of introducing GO films into integrated photonic devices in order to enhance the performance of nonlinear optical processes.


The differing experiences which expert anesthetizers have had in the use of ethyl ethers supplied by various manufacturers in numerous surgical cases have prompted the present investigation of the chemistry of inhalation anesthetics. These differences are often not to be explained by idiosyncrasy. Then, too, the standards laid down by the various pharmacopeias of the world are not uniform. In view of this fact alone, a thorough investigation seemed called for. Inquiries addressed to large consumers of the solvent in manufacturing processes adduced further need for satisfactory methods of determining the purity of ethyl ether and chloroform, and of detecting impurities introduced, or proving their absence if eliminated, in the modification of the raw products used in their manufacture. The presence of small amounts of substances has oftentimes been the cause of a chemical reaction proceeding in a particular direction by virtue of a "catalytic action." So the presence of


RF Micro Devices RFMD's PowerSmart Power Platform is reshaping cellular RF architectures. It includes all RF functionality from transceiver output to antenna, and features a revolutionary RF Configurable Power Core ̇ that delivers multi-band, multi-mode coverage of all cellular communications modulation schemes, including LTE (LTE QPSK, LTE 16QAM, and LTE 64QAM), HSPA+ and HSPA, CDMA, EDGE and EDGE Evolution, and GSM/GPRS. http://www.rfmd.com


ABSTRACT Critical assessment of dolomite abundance throughout the Phanerozoic suggests that most large-scale dolomite has had an origin related to salinity-elevated seawaters. The distribution of such dolomite is not directly related to periods of major continental flooding but rather to periods when extensive peritidal sequences or large-scale evaporite basins/lagoons existed. The development of such depositional systems is controlled largely by eustasy, paleogeographic/tectonic setting, and paleoclimate. Extensive peritidal sequences are characteristic of mature, passive-margin carbonate platforms that formed during long periods of Earth history generally devoid of major continental glaciation (e.g., late Precambrian through early Paleozoic, and Mesozoic). Sea-level fluctuations of relatively low amplitude during such periods allowed extensive, cyclic peritidal-dominated platforms to develop. Such platforms typically lack raised rims, had depositional surfaces that stayed near sea level for tens of millions of years, and show little evidence of major drops in sea level that would have exposed the shelf for long periods. This would have allowed repeated replenishment of pore waters by Mg-rich marine fluids over very extensive supratidal surfaces. Also, since the cycles are very thin, t e downward-moving brines could penetrate several cycles on the inner platform, causing massive dolomitization. In contrast, during major glacial periods (e.g., Middle to Late Mississippian to Early Permian and late Cenozoic) higher-amplitude, ice-driven fluctuations in sea level led to extensive meteoric-water flushing of shallow platforms, but related dolomitization has been of minor significance. Under conditions of elevated Mg/Ca ratio in hypersaline brines, however, large-scale dolomitization could occur in response to the formation of extensive evaporite basins/lagoons. Suitable climatic and paleogeographic/tectonic conditions have allowed such dolomitization at various times during the Phanerozoic, regardless of specific styles of eustatic sea-level change. Lack of massive dolomiti ation in Holocene carbonates may be because neither extensive peritidal sequences nor large-scale evaporite basins/lagoons are prevalent in modern carbonate environments.


Swing pricing allows a fund manager to transfer to redeeming or subscribing investors the costs associated with their trading activity, thus potentially discouraging large flows. This liquidity management tool, which is already used in major jurisdictions, may also help mitigate systemic risk. Here we develop and apply a methodology to investigate whether swing pricing does in fact help dampen flows out of funds, especially during periods of market stress. Drawing on evidence of first-mover advantage within a group of 'swinging' corporate bond funds, we provide policy considerations for enhancing the tool's effectiveness as a systemic risk mitigant.


Author(s): Benson, Kristina | Advisor(s): Hale, Sondra | Abstract: In this project, I use anthropological, sociological, and ethnographic methodologies to interrogate the production of religious knowledge and concepts surrounding authority and authenticity for U.S. Muslims in Los Angeles and Orange Counties. First, I ask who exercises interpretive authority over religious texts to produce religious knowledge for the community. Second, I ask how Muslim Americans determine that religious knowledge is authoritative. Finally, I examine the extent to which there are tensions between American and Islamic values (however understood), and ask how these tensions are resolved .My research, drawn from internet-based ethnography and open-ended interviews, reveals inter alia that U.S. Muslims identify Islamic law as crucial to larger processes of decision-making as well as to the rhythm of their daily lives. While authority for U.S. Muslims primarily resides in self-authorized, individual interpretations of religious texts, certain members of the community are viewed as valuable resources for guiding the framework of interpretive efforts. The purpose of these interpretive efforts is oriented towards developing a personal relationship with God, experiencing a connection to the broader Muslim community, and living in harmony with key Islamic values like modesty and charity. Religious ideology, therefore, factors heavily into expressions of Muslim identity, particularly for U.S. Muslim women, who often strive to embody Islamicate values through a mix of sartorial and behavioral choices. At present, while there has been scholarly research on Muslims in the U.S., there is little scholarly work on the development of Islam itself in the U.S. The substance and content of U.S. Shar'ia law, as well as its sources of authority and drivers of authenticity, are largely unknown. Therefore, in a time when there is widespread anxiety about Shari'a law in the United States among non-Muslims, my project has applied significance to bodies of knowledge related to sociology, Islamic jurisprudence, and American studies; it also makes important contributions to anthropological and sociological theoretical frameworks regarding how the production of authoritative knowledge is influenced by the ubiquity of social media and on-line religious knowledge production.


The temporal and quantitative interrelationships between the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity and the level of central arousal were studied in 10 healthy young men during daytime wakefulness. Two experimental sessions were conducted randomly between 09.00 and 18.00 h, once after nocturnal sleep and once after a night of total sleep deprivation. Spectral analysis of serial waking electroencephalography (EEG) from a short target fixation task repeated every 10 min was undertaken, along with an estimation of cortisol secretory profiles by deconvolution of plasma radioimmunoassay measures obtained from continuous blood withdrawal with regular sampling at a 10-min interval. Following nocturnal sleep, a temporal association between the HPA axis activity and the waking EEG activity was found, cortisol secretory rate following changes in frontal gamma (20–45 Hz) band power by 10 min (average R = 0.458, p < 0.001). Although it remained significant (average R = 0.276, p < 0.05), the association strength decreased significantly following total sleep deprivation (p < 0.05, Wilcoxon test). Cortisol plasma level, secretory rate and pulse amplitude were increased as well as waking EEG power in the delta (0.5–5.5 Hz), theta (5.5–8.5 Hz) and gamma frequency bands (all p values <0.05, Student t tests). The sleep deprivation-related increases in cortisol secretory rate and waking EEG gamma activity were quantitatively associated (R = 0.504, p < 0.05). These results support the existence of a common ultradian regulatory mechanism, co-ordinating HPA axis activity to the level of central arousal in man, which seems involved in the sleep deprivation-induced hyperarousal.


The cells of the secretory tubules in the mandibular gland of the echidna are packed with fairly large birefringent granules, which show a lamellated structure consisting of alternating thin and thick layers or shells of protein. This presumably rigid substructure collapses during exocytosis and the shells unravel as sheets that form a tangled mass in the lumen of the secretory tubule. Relatively pure fractions were obtained of the relevant granules and protein sheets, which should allow a further study to be made on the secretory proteins in this gland.


Application program for mobile phone is not limited just for communication service. Except games and other daily applications, mathematic application also needed to complete the mobile phone that is used for solving the complex calculating problem. Mobile phones at present generally were equipped with basic mathematic application program which its operations are limited just for adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing.
With Java base mobile phone, it is very possible to create the complex mathematic application program by using JAVATM 2 MICRO EDITION (J2ME), even to create mathematic application program which is used to find the solutions that are impossible to be found by closed-form method or general mathematic solution. That impossibility is caused by too much the number of data that will be worked.Because of the lack of our media.
Drawing trigonometry graphic with grafis application is the one of two curve-fitting methods; this application is used for finding a trigonometry mathematic function from known dataset; than drawing a graphic of its mathematic function and also drawing the x and y value to the canvas of mobile phone screen.


When four psychiatrists published a study showing that six out of 23 schizophrenic patients carried weapons during psychotic episodes, little did they realise how their work would be presented to the public. The day after it appeared in the Royal College of Psychiatrists' Bulletin in 1998, banner headlines in the Sunday Express proclaimed: "Armed and dangerous: public at risk as mental patients escape the care net." The Sunday Express journalist extrapolated that 1250 mentally ill patients in the community carried weapons and posed "a serious threat to public safety." This claim was based on a figure quoted by the Zito Trust that 5000 schizophrenic patients in the community represented a danger to themselves or others.

Distortions of this kind are no surprise to mental health groups. Focus on Mental Health, an umbrella organisation, thinks that mentally ill people get a raw deal from the press, with words such as "maniac," "schizo," and "psycho" contributing to the stigma. Consequently, a year ago, it joined with the National Union of Journalists, the Department of Health, and Lilly Psychiatry to set up the Media Forum on …


Portfolio Optimization with Different Information Flow recalls the stochastic tools and results concerning the stochastic optimization theory and the enlargement filtration theory.The authors apply the theory of the enlargement of filtrations and solve the optimization problem. Two main types of enlargement of filtration are discussed: initial and progressive, using tools from various fields, such as from stochastic calculus and convex analysis, optimal stochastic control and backward stochastic differential equations. This theoretical and numerical analysis is applied in different market settings to provide a good basis for the understanding of portfolio optimization with different information flow.

 Presents recent progress of stochastic portfolio optimization with exotic filtrations

 Shows you how to apply the tools of the enlargement of filtrations to resolve the optimization problem

 Uses tools from various fields from enlargement of filtration theory, stochastic calculus, convex analysis, optimal stochastic control, and backward stochastic differential equations


Introduction Gram stain microscopy is an effective tool in the management of gonorrhoea in symptomatic patients, allowing for the visual identification of suspicious bacteria, which when also considering the history and risk, can be indicative of a current gonorrhoea infection allowing for rapid treatment and partner notification initiation. This is an on-going audit to verify the effectiveness of in-house diagnostics. Methods All patients found to have a positive culture result for gonorrhoea had their notes reviewed to ascertain if presumptive gonorrhoea had been diagnosed at attendance as well as the presence of symptoms, contact status and vaginal flora grade (in women). If microscopy was undertaken but negative, the slide was also reviewed. Slides found to be positive were feedback to staff members. Results Data from July 2016 – January 2017: Male urethral samples 147/157 (93.6%) infections were correctly identified, when asymptomatic contacts were excluded 147/154 (95.5%) were identified, and of those not identified, 4 were negative on review. Female cervical samples 5/20 (25%) infections were correctly identified, when asymptomatic contacts were excluded 5/19 (26.3%) were identified. Of those not diagnosed on the day, 9 were negative on review. Discussion Microscopy identified 95.5% of symptomatic male urethral infections and 26.3% of female cervical samples. There was also a low 'failure' rate, only 7/24 slides were positive on review and therefore 'true missed' on day diagnoses. Effective on day diagnosis can prevent further transmission, allow faster access to antibiotics, allow for prompt partner notification and is a rewarding skill for the GU staff.


The rare decay beyond Standard Model is studied. The value of the magnetic moment of neutrino is obtained. A comparison of our result on neutrino magnetic moment with the existing in literature result is present.


Today, pairing of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) capable devices with user devices is neither secure nor trivial. Secure pairing and identification of BLE devices is described. A service (e.g., web service) provides a list of unique identifiers (UIDs) and an encrypted UID to a BLE device manufacturer without a decryption key. The manufacturer provisions each beacon of each BLE device with a UID generated by the service. The manufacturer also generates a quick response (QR) code to print on the BLE device. To pair with the BLE device, a user uses a camera or other scanner of the end-user device to simply scan the QR code. In response, the end-user device queries the service to resolve the UID, then scans for, identifies, and connects to the beacon. The end-user device also configures the beacon to broadcast an ephemeral identifier (EID), which changes over time, preventing third parties from identifying the paired beacon.


IgE–antigen complexes, administered intravenously to mice, induce a several 100‐fold higher specific antibody response than antigen alone. Additionally, in vivo activation and proliferation of specific CD4+ T cells is enhanced. The mechanism behind these effects is thought to be that peripheral B cells capture IgE–antigen complexes via their low‐affinity receptor for IgE, CD23, and rapidly transport them to splenic B cell follicles where an immune response is initiated. Here, we demonstrate that ovalbumin, covalently coupled to anti‐CD23 antibodies and administered intravenously to mice, is also transported to splenic follicles and induces an enhanced primary antibody response. These effects are absent in CD23‐deficient mice. No enhanced induction of immunological memory was observed. These findings extend previous observations regarding the in vivo role of CD23 and emphasize that recirculating B cells play an important role in antigen transport to the spleen.


OBJECTIVE
S100A4 and Slug are known to be closely involved in resistance to chemotherapy. Furthermore, Slug signal was regulated by S100A4. Targeted therapy reducing S100A4 expression and Slug pathway activity may overcome the chemoresistance of human cancers. We hypothesized that over-expression of S100A4 and Slug was associated with the resistance to cisplatin of laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cells. We explored whether S100A4 silencing inhibited Slug, resulting in sensitization of laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cells to cisplatin.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
We investigated the effects of S100A4 and Slug silencing by siRNA transfection on chemosensitivity to cisplatin (DDP) in Hep-2 cells in vitro. In order to confirm the correlation between S100A4 and Slug signals, siRNA transfected Hep-2 cells were over-expressed by pSlug transfection, then explored the effect of S100A4 silencing on chemosensitivity to cisplatin (DDP) in Hep-2 cells in vitro. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting confirmed the presence of S100A4 mRNA, Slug mRNA and proteins in Hep-2 cells.

RESULTS
We found that resistance or insensitivity of Hep-2 cells to cisplatin might be associated with S100A4 and Slug expression. Knockdown of S100A4 and Slug markedly enhanced the cisplatin-induced suppression of Hep-2 cell growth and increased apoptosis. Knockdown of S100A4 may significantly reduce the levels of S100A4 mRNA, Slug mRNA and proteins, in cisplatin-treated Hep-2 cells. Re-expression of Slug in S100A4 siRNA transfected Hep-2 cells restored the cisplatin resistance in the Hep-2 cells.

CONCLUSIONS
Overexpression of S100A4 may be associated with the resistance to cisplatin of laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cells. Knockdown of S100A4 enhances the sensitivity to cisplatin of laryngeal carcinoma cells via inhibition of Slug expression.


One of the most important and difficult jobs in science is to ask the right question of nature. The right question leads to the design of those experiments or tests which yield the pieces that are required to make a logical pattern out of an incomprehensible jigsaw puzzle. My paper will present more questions than answers, and I hope that among the many that have been asked those questions may be selected that will guide physicians to what must be learned in the future if the origin and evolution of epidemics of poliomyelitis is to be understood and if physicians are ultimately to know what, if anything, can be done to prevent them. From the point of view of public health the chief importance of poliomyelitis as a disease lies in its paralytic manifestations, and the main problem in the epidemiology of poliomyelitis concerns the cause or causes of the


Objective: Empirically examine medicine and public health partnership factors that are associated with partnership success. Methods: 329 medicine and public health partnership informants were interviewed to assess factors associated with success in achieving partnership goals. Results: Partnership formation; partner recruitment; barriers to collaboration; and leadership/governance variables were not predictive of partnership success. Partnership duration was significant in predicting success in achieving outcomes. Conclusions: Factors identified in the literature are not as salient as believed in insuring the success of medicine and public health partnerships. The longer a partnership can remain intact (i.e., minimally longer than one year), irrespective of the particularities of the formation and structure of the partnership, the greater the probability that the partnership will achieve its desired outcomes.


This article examines the role of the Ottoman state as a reference point in Maghrebi historiography through two works from each of Algeria and Tunisia and from two generations of historical writers. Ahmad al-Sharif al-Zahhar (1781–1872), naqib al-ashraf of Algiers at the end of the Ottoman regency, and the Tunisian historian and reformer Ahmad Ibn Abi Diyaf (ca. 1804–74) wrote in conditions of "crisis" in the nineteenth century; the Tunisian establishment intellectual and educator Hasan Husni Abd al-Wahhab (1884–1968) and the Algerian nationalist journalist and publicist Ahmad Tawfiq al-Madani (1899–1983) each sought in different ways to "recover" their countries' histories in the twentieth century. Comparisons and contrasts across these generations and in each country, with their different relationships to the memory of Ottoman rule and their different colonial experiences, illustrate the different ways in which the Ottoman period has been interpreted in the Maghreb. Assimilated as a "natural" aspect of the region's history in the nineteenth century, the Ottoman presence required more overt interpretive work by writers in the twentieth. Across generations, differing preoccupations about the formation of community and state determined how writers approached the Ottoman legacy, which in both cases has generally remained marginal to more widespread perceptions of history and national origins.


This paper intends to contribute to the academic and popular discussions on the concept and practices of development and how it is linked to peace studies. Basing on the subaltern critiques of the concept of development and the Latin-American indigenous understanding of well-being – BuenVivir, the paper explores indigenous ways of seeking and achieving peace. It underscores the need to transcend the orthodox understandings and practices of development. In this paper, I intend to prompt a critical investigative conversation and evaluation on development which focuses on exploring the possibilities that these alternatives present in the transition from the current world order to a more human, sustainable and intercultural one. The article therefore, presents the prospects and relevance of cultural diversity towards peace and development across communities.


This comprehensive review explores the genetic contributions to endometriosis and their potential impact on improving diagnostic techniques. The review begins by defining endometriosis and discussing its prevalence, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of the genetic basis of the condition. It highlights recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that have identified specific genetic variants associated with endometriosis, shedding light on the molecular pathways and mechanisms involved. The review addresses genetic heterogeneity across different populations and ethnicities, emphasizing the importance of considering population-specific markers in diagnostic approaches. It explores the diagnostic implications of genetic insights, including the potential use of genetic markers for precise and early detection, as well as risk prediction. The review also delves into the integration of genetic information with clinical parameters and imaging findings, and the exploration of multi-omics approaches for a comprehensive understanding of endometriosis. It discusses recent studies on genetic and epigenetic biomarkers, their potential as diagnostic tools, and the need for validation in independent cohorts. The review highlights the impact of new genomic technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, in improving diagnostic accuracy and personalized management. It identifies the challenges and future directions in translating genetic findings into diagnostic tools and emphasizes the transformative potential of genetic insights in endometriosis diagnosis. This review provides a roadmap for future research and underscores the significance of genetic insights in improving diagnostic precision and personalized care for individuals with endometriosis.


Most Australian local governments (LGOVs) employ at least one professional communicator, but there are few sector-wide professional principles to guide LGOV communication practice. This paper examines challenges for councils and ways that LGOV communication may be conceptualised in the future. Councils and their communicators find themselves between pressures to change for an uncertain future and pressures to protect a status quo that no longer exists. Communities and their communication technologies are trending towards more open communication: expecting more participatory interaction and organisational responsiveness. Digitised mediatisation is compelling LGOVs to expand a longstanding reliance on traditional media and broadcasting information to include more listening and interaction. The analysis here strongly supports the alignment of communication strategy with the public mission of local government. It recommends umbrella principles for LGOV communicators that include commitment to plurality in decision process contributions, outreach to interested and affected stakeholders and transparency in processes with accountability to stakeholders for awareness, timing and outcomes.


Fibromyalgia is a syndrome without apparent aetiology, characterised by pain, fatigue, memory disorders, mood disorders, and sleep disturbances. The syndrome is considered to be one of the rheumatic diseases. In the general population, the prevalence varies from 2 to 8%, with a women-men ratio of about 2:1. Suspicion of fibromyalgia arises when a patient has pain at multiple locations that cannot be attributed to trauma or inflammation, and when the pain is especially musculoskeletal. Primary management includes explaining the syndrome and offering reassurance. In addition, one can also attempt to increase mobility, avoid overloading, and improve physical condition and the level of activity, and to activate problem-solving skills. Subsequently, behavioural therapy and pharmacotherapy may be considered. The most important manifestations of fibromyalgia in the orofacial and occlusal system seem to be temporomandibular dysfunction, headache, xerostomia, hyposalivation, burning mouth and dysgeusia. However, with respect to the precise relation of fibromyalgia with the orofacial system, much needs to be elucidated.


The aim of this research is to improve students' learning mastery. This research uses qualitative and quantitative descriptive approach and this type of research is classroom action research. Methods of data collection using observation, test and documentation. The results obtained in this study is the result of student learning. This shows that in teaching and learning activities with contextual learning the students become very active. While student's learning completeness classically in cycle I reach 77,5% increase in cycle II to 90% so that only some student who have not finished their study. This suggests that STAD type cooperative learning can be considered as a learning model used by teachers. The conclusion that can be drawn from the data analysis and discussion is by applying STAD type cooperative learning can improve student learning outcomes. Based on the results of data analysis and discussion of the results of research on the application of STAD learning on student learning outcomes, it can be concluded the application of these methods can attract students to follow the teaching and learning activities to the end of the lesson with a pleasant learning environment that can lead to increased student learning outcomes.
Keywords: Cooperative Learning, TYPE STAD, Learning Outcomes.


The heat shock protein (HSP) 27 is constitutively expressed at low levels in medium-sized lumbar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells in adult rats. Transection of the sciatic nerve results in a ninefold upregulation of HSP27 mRNA and protein in axotomized neurons in the ipsilateral DRG at 48 hr, without equivalent changes in the mRNAs encoding HSP56, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90. Dorsal rhizotomy, injuring the central axon of the DRG neuron, does not upregulate HSP27 mRNA levels. After peripheral axotomy, HSP27 mRNA and protein are present in small, medium, and large DRG neurons, and HSP27 protein is transported anterogradely, accumulating in the dorsal horn and dorsal columns of the spinal cord, where it persists for several months. Axotomized motor neurons also upregulate HSP27. Only a minority of cultured adult DRG neurons are HSP27-immunoreactive soon after dissociation, but all express HSP27 after 24 hr in culture with prominent label throughout the neuron, including the growth cone. HSP27 differs from most axonal injury-regulated and growth-associated genes, which are typically present at high levels in early development and downregulated on innervation of their targets, in that its mRNA is first detectable in the DRG late in development and only approaches adult levels by postnatal day 21. In non-neuronal cells, HSP27 has been shown to be involved both in actin filament dynamics and in protection against necrotic and apoptotic cell death. Therefore, its upregulation after adult peripheral nerve injury may both promote survival of the injured neurons and contribute to alterations in the cytoskeleton associated with axonal growth.


To compare monounsaturated fatty acids and carbohydrates for actions on lipid and lipoprotein levels from solid-food diets, 10 men were studied on three diets. One diet was high in saturated fatty acids and very high in cholesterol (High Sat + Chol), a second was high in monounsaturates but low in cholesterol (High Mono), and a third was low in fat, high in carbohydrates, and low in cholesterol (Low Fat). All diets were consumed for 6 wk. Compared with the High Sat + Chol diet, the High Mono and Low Fat diets significantly and similarly reduced plasma cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. In contrast, the Low Fat diet significantly lowered HDL cholesterol whereas the High Mono diet did not. Therefore, a solid-food diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids is equivalent to a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet for cholesterol lowering but does not reduce the HDL-cholesterol level.


Potassium (K) may enhance productivity and suppresses foliar diseases of mulberry plant. Existing optimum dose of K for mulberry cultivation need to be updated for suppress foliar disease and improve mulberry plant productivity. This study was conducted to renew the optimum dose of K for mulberry cultivation with respect to the ages of mulberry plant. Therefore, a field study was conducted in split plot design with three replications at Bangladesh Sericulture Research and Training Institute (BSTRI), Rajshahi, Bangladesh to find out the effect of elevated K and ages of plant on growth, leaf yield, leaf quality, nutrient uptake and infestation of foliar diseases of mulberry plant. Six levels of K (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg/ha/yr) along with BSRTI recommended basal doses of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were applied on two age group of plant viz: (0-5) years and (6-10) years. Result showed that the highest leaf yield 47.10 mt ha -1 year -1 for 6-10 year's plant at the treatment of T 5 (N 300 P 150 K 150 kg ha -1 year -1 ). This indicatedleaf yield 175.44% greater over the control but 22.69% higher than the 0-5 year's plant. Similarly, the maximum leaf quality viz: moisture, reducing sugar, total mineral, total sugar, soluble carbohydrate and crude protein were obtained in (6-10) year's plant for the same treatments which were 13.82%, 23.47%, 29.96%, 20.57%, 39.58% and 30.69% respectively greater over the control. Furthermore, the average incidence percentages of foliar diseases like leaf spot, tukra and powdery mildew were reduced by 42.34%, 58.02% and 82.96% respectively in (6-10) years plant due to the elevated doses of K like as 150 kg, 90 kg and 60 kg/ha/yr respectively with BSRTI recommended doses of N and P over the control. This findings indicated that the use of 150 kg potassium ha -1 year -1 had better performance on the leaf yield and quality of mulberry plant. Therefore, the application of 150 kg potassium ha -1 year -1 with BSRTI recommended dose of N and P both for (0-5) and (6-10) year's ages of mulberry plant cultivation is the best options for higher leaf yield and quality whereas 150 kg, 90 kg and 60 kg potassium ha -1 year -1 respectively are better for controlling of leaf spot, tukra and powdery mildew diseases.


A rise in population caused by increased immigration, is sometimes accompanied by concerns that the increase in population puts additional or differential pressure on welfare services which might affect the net fiscal contribution of immigrants. The UK and Germany have experienced significant increases in immigration in recent years. This study uses longitudinal data from both countries to examine whether immigrants differ in their use of health services compared to native born individuals, both on arrival and over time. While immigrants to Germany, but not the UK, are more likely to self-report poor health than the native-born population, the samples of immigrants in both countries use hospital and GP services at broadly the same rate as the native born populations. Controls for observed and unobserved differences between immigrants and native-born sample populations make little difference to these broad findings.


The energy absorption in ballistic tests of alumina-ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composites with 60, 80 and 90 wt% alumina submitted to gamma radiation doses of 25, 50 and 75 kGy was investigated. The ballistic tests were carried out at subsonic speed using a compressed air system. The results showed that the composite with 80% alumina irradiated with 50 kGy yields the best ballistic results. Gel content, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that this composite is the one with the highest concentration of crosslinks and the lowest volume fraction of amorphous UHMWPE. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the same composite showed a high pullout, suggesting that gamma irradiation increases the adhesion between alumina and UHMWPE.


The call for papers by Stalp, Winge and Turney asks whether crafting can truly be considered an activist pursuit or if it has become a 'fluffy' distraction from efforts at progression and feminism. The craft consumer is one who takes an "active and creative role" Watson and Shove 2005, 11) and exercise control over the consumption process and "bring skill, knowledge, judgement, love and passion to their consuming" (Campbell 2005, 27). As these consumers are "manipulating commodities to produce symbolic meanings and constitute identities" (Williams 2008, 315), it is perhaps unsurprising that for some craft consumers these meanings and identities would be political, feminist or subversive in nature. Several papers have considered and discussed crafting as subversive and how political subversiveness has come to "play a role in defining contemporary handcraft culture" (Winge and Stalp 2013, 73) .The results of a longitudinal, ethnographic study carried out in an Irish Stitch 'n' Bitch context would suggest that third wave feminist ideals hold little in interest or relevance for some contemporary crafters. Far from being 'subversive' (Parker 2010; Winge and Stalp 2013), the members of this local Stitch 'n' Bitch resisted any efforts to label their craft consumption as political and even dismissively suggested that those with an interest in the area (Alkenbrack 2010; Bratisch and Brusch 2011; Groeneveld 2010; Myzelev 2009; Pace 2007; Pentney 2008; Portwood- Stacer 2005; Pritash 2014; Robertson 2007; Wallace 2013; Winge and Stalp 2014, and indeed the author) 'may be over thinking it '! Though Debbie Stoller (the founder of Stitch 'n' Bitch as a movement and editor of feminist magazine BUST) describes the movement in terms of reclaiming the feminine and promoting 'women's work', all but one member of the Irish group were entirely unaware of Stitch 'n' Bitch's ostensible feminist orientation, prior to the author's approach. While Kelly (2014) suggests that knitters could perhaps be participating in a larger feminist project without articulated intention, this strips knitters of their agency in a decidedly unfeminist way. Participants largely rejected any political meaning behind their crafting. For this group at least the personal was not political. Rather, the primary reason for most members' decision to join the group was social isolation and the group functioned in much the same way as a therapeutic self-help group. The members engaged in therapeutic group consumption where the purchasing and use of certain brands and products allowed continued access to the therapy provided by the group.


The paper presents the first phase of international (four countries) study that explores the influence of social capital and personal learning networks (PLN) development approaches used by international management students in multicultural learning environments and the types of social and academic networks they develop on their collaborative knowledge and cross-cultural competence development, in particular, on their preparation for international careers. A comparative analysis is conducted within four international programs (in Turkey, Ecuador, UK and US) that offer international education in English language for local and international students. The paper presents the preliminary results of a comparison in two locations – Turkey and Ecuador. The study applies the concepts of collaborative knowledge development, social capital and social networks. The study uses constructivist grounded theory [1] to uncover the process of social capital and collaborative knowledge creation. Based on the data, collected through semi-structured interviews, and analyzed through dımensıonal analysis [2]; [3], the study develops a process model, which takes into account the core social identity of the learner, as well as the existing and emergent social personal learning ties, built on social capital. An additional goal of the study is to uncover the overlapping social and personal learning networks international and local students participate in and develop, to trace the knowledge sharing routes and to pinpoint knowledge creation hubs in these networks. As the result of the study, recommendations are developed for higher educational institutions (HEIs) and multinational enterprises (MNEs) regarding the steps they can take to promote collaborative and cross-cultural knowledge creation among their members. The connectivism theory of social learning [4] suggests loose and pragmatic ties appropriate to knowledge sharing and creation in the interconnected networked social reality of the 21st century as they combine social and informational resources that operate in a chaotic environment and recognize rather than create patterns of meaning. While we are not proposing any final theoretical models at this point, it is likely that the learners who are engaged in multi-dimensional and loosely connected PLNs characterized by multiple networks consisted of weak ties and who utilize problem solving models of knowledge creation are more likely to become cross/interculturally competent and are more likely to be prepared for global careers. However, the preliminary findings show that international students lack the skills and desire to create functional PLNs and tend to engage in multiple binding networks characterized by strong emotional bonds but limited knowledge creation. While is it premature at this stage to suggest any specific steps that IHEIs and other multicultural learning environments might take to encourage social and technological networking among international students and other members of academic environment, some tentative recommendations are presented.


The order Primates is composed of many closely related lineages, each having a relatively well established phylogeny supported by both the fossil record and molecular data. 1 Primate evolution is characterized by a series of adaptive radiations beginning early in the Cenozoic era. Studies of these radiations have uncovered two major trends. One is that substantial amounts of morphological diversity have been produced over short periods of evolutionary time. 2 The other is that consistent and repeated patterns (variational tendencies 3 ) are detected. Taxa within clades, such as the strepsirrhines of Madagascar and the platyrrhines of the Neotropics, have diversified in body size, substrate preference, and diet. 2 , 4–6 The diversification of adaptive strategies within such clades is accompanied by repeated patterns of change in cheiridial proportions 7 , 8 (Fig. 1) and tooth‐cusp morphology. 9 There are obvious adaptive, natural‐selection based explanations for these patterns. The hands and feet are in direct contact with a substrate, so their form would be expected to reflect substrate preference, whereas tooth shape is related directly to the functional demands of masticating foods having different mechanical properties. What remains unclear, however, is the role of developmental and genetic processes that underlie the evolutionary diversity of the primate body plan. Are variational tendencies a signature of constraints in developmental pathways? What is the genetic basis for similar morphological transformations among closely related species? These are a sampling of the types of questions we believe can be addressed by future research integrating evidence from paleontology, comparative morphology, and developmental genetics.


In this paper, a novel structure for a communication disturbance observer in teleoperation systems is proposed to achieve robust stability. A time delay compensation method based on the concept of network disturbance and a communication disturbance observer (CDOB) has been proposed in past research. Unlike model-based approaches, it works without a time delay model. Therefore, it can be implemented in teleoperation systems with unknown and timevarying delay. However, it has been observed that the system model errors and external disturbances seriously affect the steady-state characteristics. Hence, in this paper, to achieve robustness against disturbance and model uncertainty, the structure of the conventional CDOB is modified and a new structure for the CDOB in teleoperation systems is proposed, which uses the slave's delayed torque instead of its delayed position for time delay compensation. The desired transient response characteristic is achieved by designing the controller parameters. The time delay in the communication channel has been simulated by PCs in past studies, but in this paper, by implementing the communication channel through the TCP/IP protocol in the experimental setup, the effectiveness of the proposed structure is studied in the presence of real time delay and compared with the Smith predictor, the conventional CDOB, and other structures of CDOBs.


This guide contains a curated set of resources and tools that will help you with your research data analysis. It also includes those medical library workshops available at Yale University on many of these bioinformatics tools.


As the demographic composition of organizations in the United States rapidly shifts, such that minority groups are becoming the numerical and economic majority, organizations are grappling with ways to manage diversity in the workplace. The two forms of diversity initiatives most frequently implemented in organizations—colorblindness and multiculturalism—have clear benefits; however, each also contributes to feelings of exclusion by different organizational members. In this article, the authors describe problematic issues raised by these two approaches to diversity and offer an alternative perspective—all-inclusive multiculturalism, or the AIM model. The authors posit that AIM serves as a catalyst for positive and effective organizational change through the development of social capital and positive relationships at work and enables organizational members to grow to their fullest potential.


The research is on "Motivation in Public & Private sector organizations: A comparative study". The main objective of the study is to compare motivation in public and private sector organizations. The researcher analyzed the data collected based on the responses from the questionnaire distributed. The chi-square test was used to test the hypotheses. The major findings of the study were as follows: Both public and private sector employees in Nigeria are not adequately motivated. There are some differences between the factors that motivate public sector employees and those that motivate the Private sector employees. Efficient and capable civil servants are not exiting the public sector organizations to the private sector organizations. The conclusion drawn from the study is that Lack of highly motivated workforce has been a major problem facing the public and private sector employees in Nigeria. Private sector employees are envious of their public sector counterparts on issues including job security, responsibility and individual growth, especially as it relates to opportunity for study leave. Salary/incentives ranks highest on the motivating factors for private sector employees at 40%, followed by achievement at 35% while responsibility and individual growth ranked only 15%. However Job security, which ranked second highest for the public sector employees at 28.6%, was not even considered at all by the private sector employees. For the public sector employees, recognition and service ranks top at 31% followed by job security at 28.6%. Salary and incentives also ranks high in the factors that motivate the public sector employees. The only difference is that it is ranked 3 by the public sector employees as against 1 priority by the private sector employees. Interestingly, majority of both the private and public sector employees interviewed seem not to be interested in cross sector employment. It is only when considering pay and financial packages do public sector employees feel themselves to be worse off than if working in the private sector. Even then, some private sector employees still think the public sector has it better when it comes to remuneration. Statistical analysis provides strong evidence of a blurring between the two sectors on several key issues. Overall, public sector employment is seen as more attractive, especially at this new era of implementation of federal government monetization policy across the civil service. There is also the issue of uniform salary scales. Based on the findings from this study, the following recommendations were proffered: Both public and private sector organizations in Nigeria should adopt suitable and effective motivational strategies to increase productivity and also to avoid brain drain. Employers of labor should evolve effective and efficient human resources development strategies that would carefully study the motivational needs of their employees and apply same to be able to compete favorably in the international labor market, improve the national economy as well as the living standards of the people. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGES Title page -----------------------------------------------------------------------------i Certification --------------------------------------------------------------------------ii Approval ------------------------------------------------------------------------------iii Dedication ----------------------------------------------------------------------------iv Acknowledgments -------------------------------------------------------------------v Abstract -------------------------------------------------------------------------------vi Table of


East Midlands Knowledge Network (EMKN) is an online resource which is at risk, due to the demise of regional development agencies, the imminent closure of the company upon whose server it sits and the closure of the East Midlands Universities Association (EMUA), who created the resource. However the information held on within the site (technologies, business services and facilities within EMUA's institutions is valuable, particularly as face-to-face Business Link (BL) services are being axed and the government has indicated that the channel for publicly-funded business advice (information, advice and guidance) will be on-line. The site contains an image ("Tube Map") that links to various parts of the site showing various service, this was felt especially important to keep.

Therefore this project looked at options on how to use free hosting sites as a way of protecting a valuable resource in an economical and sustainable way, using the EMKN as a case study. A blog (http://websitesustainability.blogspot.com/) of the progress, activities and issues was kept


From Freaky Friday (1976) to Flightplan (2005), Jodie Foster has made a career of defying gender norms, a defiance predicated largely upon her characteristically tom-boyish embodiment and a mode of being that combines activeness, visual agency, and a distinctively resistant demeanor that spans her body of work to the extent that one can hardly watch any one of her films without involuntary recourse to her earlier and later movies. This essay takes up David Fincher's Panic Room (2002), which unites tomboy figures of two generations in Foster and Kristen Stewart and works, in light of the former's corpus and its feminist bent, to refuse the trope that sees tomboyism capitulate to heteronormative strictures in adolescence. Instead, Panic Room reproduces that embodied resistance in an adult through interactions with her daughter. The essay then proceeds further into the films of an iconic tomboy actress to posit a mode of queer feminist reproductivity enacted through Foster's star image and a recuperation of feminist "paranoia" through the consistent critique of heteronormativity that her aggregate body of work performs. Moreover, it addresses debates within queer theory about time, refuting antisocial currents—the push against "for-the-child" sentiments predominant in contemporary political rhetoric—and proposing an alternative, recursive temporality, and, within the field of feminist film studies, demonstrating a subversive potential within commercial narrative film across the span of one Hollywood star's career.


Fifty-eight cambuci fruit accessions were collected and propagated by seeds. Forty fruits of each accession were collected and evaluated for longitudinal and transverse diameter, fruit weight, number of seeds, seeds weight, total soluble solids, % citric acid, ratio, pH, firmness, vitamin C, and color. The phenotypic correlation between the characters and the relative contribution of the characters for the divergence among accessions were estimated and quantified by the Euclidean genetic distance, and cluster analysis was carried out according to the Neighbour Joining Tree. The significant correlations between the variables allowed the use of indirect selection as an auxiliary tool in the process of domestication and breeding of this species. Weight of 1000 seeds presented the greatest variation and contributed the most with genetic diversity. The expansion of the variability and the association of characters of interest can be promoted by the hybridization of the most divergent accessions, 14 and 43.


Building‐integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) is an innovative green solution that incorporated energy generation into the building façade with modification on the building material or architectural structure. It is a clean and reliable solution that conserves the aesthetical value of the architecture and has the potential to enhance the building's energy efficiency. Malaysia's tropical location has a high solar energy potential to be exploited, and BIPV is a very innovative aspect of technology to employ the available energy. Heriot‐Watt University Malaysia (HWUM) has a unique roof design that could be utilized as an application of the BIPV system to generate electricity, reducing the carbon footprint of the facility. Eight BIPV systems of different PV technologies and module types and with capacities of 411.8 to 1085.6 kW were proposed for the building. The environmental plugin software has been integrated with a building geometry modelling tool to visualize and estimate the energy potential from the roof surface in a 3D modelling software. Additionally, detailed system simulations are conducted using PVSyst software, where results and performance parameters are analysed. The roof surface is shown to provide great energy potential and studied scenarios generated between 548 and 1451 MWh yearly with PR range from 78% to 85%. C‐Si scenarios offer the best economical profitability with payback period of 4.4 to 6.3 years. The recommended scenario has a size of 1085.5 kW and utilizes thin‐film CdTe PV modules. The system generates 1415 MWh annually with a performance ratio of 84.9%, which saves 62.8% of the electricity bill and has an estimated cost of 901 000 USD. Installation of the proposed system should preserve the aesthetical value of the building's roof, satisfy BIPV rules, and most importantly, conserves energy, making the building greener.


The light microscope is a basic tool for the cell biologist, who should have a thorough understanding of how it works, how it should be aligned for different applications (e.g., brightfield, phase‐contrast, differential interference contrast, and fluorescence epi‐illumination), and how it should be maintained as required to obtain maximum image‐forming capacity and resolution. The principles of microscopy and step‐by‐step alignment and adjustment procedures are described in this unit.


The technology to let a camera automatically focus on the main object is more than 40 years old. We have a look at todays cameras and their auto focus performance. All tests are performed from the end-user perspective, so with final hardware and without access to the internal processing. With this information engineers get a better understanding on what to expect from todays cameras and how to design test procedures for system with auto focus systems. As an international standard is on its way, we also support the efforts of ISO with this work. We check for repeatability, accuracy and timing of the auto focus systems more than 300 camera systems and compare the different technologies behind it.


In response to mainstream narratives of AIDS history, which too often highlight only experiences of white, cisgender gay men, this article argues that an analysis of recent AIDS activist media is crucial to complicate mainstream representations. It looks to recent video work as an important site of a diversified AIDS history and analyzes three videos made by Thomas Allen Harris, Shanti Avirgan, and Nguyen Tan Hoang for the Visual AIDS Alternate Endings series. Instead of presenting AIDS history as firmly embedded in the past, much of this newer work intertwines past and present to show the ongoing nature of the crisis. Many videos use archival footage to highlight the persistent nature of racism, poverty, drug use stigma, and health care barriers in the epidemic. Through temporal contrast, the videos powerfully show that progress is not always linear, and the past has much to teach us about the present.