Climate change and air pollution, both on a global and local scale, are two interrelated environmental policy problems, but usually they are studied separately with very different approaches. In a novel context, in which climate change and air quality become two related aspects of the same problem, we believe that it is necessary to carry out novel local strategies for Air Quality Monitoring Networks' (AQMNs) innovation, not only applying analytical optimization procedures of the existing networks, but also introducing advanced in situ devices and using data by remote investigations. Advanced instrumentation allows to evaluate the concentration of specific pollutants and to better characterize the local weather conditions. Remote observations (satellite data and vertical profiles of atmospheric variables) may improve the network effectiveness. In this study we present experimental data observed in the urban area of Potenza (Basilicata, southern Italy) during a field survey. In the same sampling period, we compare data atmospheric pollutants concentrations by AQM network of Potenza with data collected in our experimental site and with a satellite map of CO2. Despite the observation scales being very different, the results are encouraging and we believe that other efforts have to be made; the short-term benefits obtaining from air pollution control and innovation may be as effective as the long-term benefits obtainable through strategic climate change measures. So it is important to develop and to support local integrated strategies, for mitigating air pollution and climate change contemporaneously.


Resistance of head lice to insecticides with a neurotoxic mode of action, such as permethrin and malathion, is increasing in incidence and geographic extent. As a consequence, physically acting pediculicidal products have emerged. Dimeticones are synthetic silicone oils of low surface tension and can therefore coat most surfaces, thus also killing head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) by physical means. Considering this mode of action, the development of head lice resistance in the future is very unlikely. In this review, ex vivo and clinical evidence on the efficacy of dimeticones against head lice is presented. Besides the high adulticidal and excellent ovicidal ex vivo efficacy, clinical efficacy of high concentrated dimeticone has been shown. We conclude that dimeticone-based products are a safe and effective option for those patients who prefer not to use pediculicides with a neurotoxic mode of action, especially in areas where resistances of head lice against permethrin and malathion-based products have been reported, or are suspected.


Background: Prior research has focused primarily on empirically estimating design parameters for cluster-randomized trials (CRTs) of mathematics and reading achievement. Little is known about how design parameters compare across other educational outcomes. Objectives: This article presents empirical estimates of design parameters that can be used to appropriately power CRTs in science education and compares them to estimates using mathematics and reading. Research Design: Estimates of intraclass correlations (ICCs) are computed for unconditional two-level (students in schools) and three-level (students in schools in districts) hierarchical linear models of science achievement. Relevant student- and school-level pretest and demographic covariates are then considered, and estimates of variance explained are computed. Subjects: Five consecutive years of Texas student-level data for Grades 5, 8, 10, and 11. Measures: Science, mathematics, and reading achievement raw scores as measured by the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills. Results: Findings show that ICCs in science range from .172 to .196 across grades and are generally higher than comparable statistics in mathematics, .163–.172, and reading, .099–.156. When available, a 1-year lagged student-level science pretest explains the most variability in the outcome. The 1-year lagged school-level science pretest is the best alternative in the absence of a 1-year lagged student-level science pretest. Conclusion: Science educational researchers should utilize design parameters derived from science achievement outcomes.


To prevent the transmissions of mosquito-borne diseases (e.g., malaria, dengue fever), recent works have considered the problem of using the sterile insect technique to reduce or eradicate the wild mosquito population. It is important to consider how reproductive advantage of the wild mosquito population offsets the success of population replacement. In this work, we explore the interactive dynamics of the wild and sterile mosquitoes by incorporating the delay in terms of the growth stage of the wild mosquitoes. We analyze (both analytically and numerically) the role of time delay in two different ways of releasing sterile mosquitoes. Our results demonstrate that in the case of constant release rate, the delay does not affect the dynamics of the system and every solution of the system approaches to an equilibrium point; while in the case of the release rate proportional to the wild mosquito populations, the delay has a large effect on the dynamics of the system, namely, for some parameter ranges, when the delay is small, every solution of the system approaches to an equilibrium point; but as the delay increases, the solutions of the system exhibit oscillatory behavior via Hopf bifurcations. Numerical examples and bifurcation diagrams are also given to demonstrate rich dynamical features of the model in the latter release case.


Optical communication is an internationally accepted communication for long distance communication. As it is a reliable way of communication it can be implement in short distance communication. The term short distance communication is commonly define for in-home connections, automotive, hospitals etc. For short distance communication low cost, low lose high speed and high capacity transmission medium is required. In this work it explains about an optical transmission medium that is a plastic optical fiber instead of a glass fiber as it can meet all the demands of short distance communication requirements. This paper defines about a POF link and its scope in recent years. Some of the prime objectives or demands that need to be addressed are increased capacity, improved data rate, decreased latency, and better quality of service. To meet these demands, drastic improvements need to be made in cabling side. This paper presents the results of a detailed survey and scopes of POF.


The production of the neutron-capture isotopes beyond iron that we observe today in the Solar system is the result of the combined contribution of the r-process, the s-process, and possibly the i-process. Low-mass asymptotic giant branch (AGB) (1.5 < M/M⊙ < 3) and massive (M > 10 M⊙) stars have been identified as the main site of the s-process. In this work we consider the evolution and nucleosynthesis of low-mass AGB stars. We provide an update of the NuGrid Set models, adopting the same general physics assumptions but using an updated convective-boundary-mixing model accounting for the contribution from internal gravity waves. The combined data set includes the initial masses MZAMS/M⊙ = 2, 3 for Z = 0.03, 0.02, 0.01. These new models are computed with the mesa stellar code and the evolution is followed up to the end of the AGB phase. The nucleosynthesis was calculated for all isotopes in post-processing with the NuGrid mppnp code. The convective-boundary-mixing model leads to the formation of a 13C-pocket three times wider compared to the one obtained in the previous set of models, bringing the simulation results now in closer agreement with observations. Using these new models, we discuss the potential impact of other processes inducing mixing, like rotation, adopting parametric models compatible with theory and observations. Complete yield data tables, derived data products, and online analytic data access are provided.


Background. The present study aimed to screen the knowledge and attitudes of dentists toward the use of informed consent forms prior to procedures involving operative dentistry. Methods. A research tool containing questions (questionnaire) regarding the use of informed consent forms was developed. The questionnaire consisted of seven questions structured to screen the current practice in operative dentistry towards the use of informed consent forms. Results. The questionnaires were distributed among 731 dentists, of which 179 returned them with answers. Sixty-seven dentists reported not using informed consent forms. The main reasons for not using informed consent forms were: having a complete dental record signed by the patient (67.2%) and having a good relation with patients (43.6%). The dentists who reported using informed consent forms revealed that they obtained them from other dentists and made their own modifications (35.9%). Few dentists revealed contacting lawyers (1.7%) and experts in legal dentistry (0.9%) for the development of their informed consent forms. Conclusion. A high number of dentists working in the field of operative dentistry behave according to the ethical standards in the clinical practice, becoming unprotected against ethical and legal actions.


Comprehension of programming and programs is known to be a difficult task for many beginning students, with many computing courses showing significant drop out and failure rates. In this paper, we present a notional machine implementation, Novis, to help with understanding of programming and its dynamics for beginning learners. The notional machine offers an abstraction of the physical machine designed for comprehension and learning purposes. Novis provides a real-time visualisation of this notional machine, and is integrated into BlueJ.


Reverse Convertibles have become very popular in the German market. They are a common banking product for the private customer as well as for the institutional investor. Like ordinary convertibles it is a hybrid product. Its price depends on the development of one or several stock or indices as well as interest rates. To compute the price of this product one needs several input parameter such as volatility, dividends, interest rates, and correlation. These parameters normally cannot be estimated or forecasted exactly. However, it is often possible to give lower and upper bounds. Based on this information it is possible to derive worst case scenario models. These models are non-linear parabolic PDEs. We will show how to implement these models using a collocation finite element method. As examples we take several reverse convertibles which are traded currently.


The paper proposes an asynchronous multi-core architecture for embedded systems using partial differential equation-based image processing algorithms. A study of data flow and timing analysis is carried out in order to reveal optimal global architecture specifications. The global architecture uses a semi-parallel approach with several processing units running in parallel and shared memory blocks. The results are illustrated by the implementation of a continuous watershed transform, followed by a discussion of the measured execution time and the computational load to demonstrate the efficiency.


While containers efficiently implement the idea of operating-system-level application virtualization, they are often insufficient to increase the server utilization to a desirable level. The reason is that in practice many containerized applications experience a limited amount of load while there are few containers with a high load. In such a scenario, the virtual memory management system can become the limiting factor to container density even though the working set of active containers would fit into main memory. In this paper, we describe and evaluate a system for transparently moving memory pages in and out of DRAM and to a NAND Flash medium which is attached through the memory bus. This technique, called Diablo Memory Expansion (DMX), operates on a prediction model and is able to relieve the pressure on the memory system. We present a benchmark for container density and show that even under an overall constant workload, adding additional containers adversely affects performance-critical applications in Docker. When using the DMX technology of the Memory1 system, however, the performance of the critical workload remains stable.


Globally, our transportation systems face increasingly discomforting realities: certain of the legacy air and ground infrastructures of the 20th century will not satisfy our 21st century mobility needs. The consequence of inaction is diminished quality of life and economic opportunity for those nations unable to transform from the 20th to 21st century systems. Clearly, new thinking is required regarding business models that cater to consumers value of time, airspace architectures that enable those new business models, and technology strategies for innovating at the system-of-networks level. This lecture proposes a structured way of thinking about transformation from the legacy systems of the 20th century toward new systems for the 21st century. The comparison and contrast between the legacy systems of the 20th century and the transformed systems of the 21st century provides insights into the structure of transformation of air transportation. Where the legacy systems tend to be analog (versus digital), centralized (versus distributed), and scheduled (versus on-demand) for example, transformed 21st century systems become capable of scalability through technological, business, and policy innovations. Where air mobility in our legacy systems of the 20th century brought economic opportunity and quality of life to large service markets, transformed air mobility of the 21st century becomes more equitable available to ever-thinner and widely distributed populations. Several technological developments in the traditional aircraft disciplines as well as in communication, navigation, surveillance and information systems create new foundations for 21st thinking about air transportation. One of the technological developments of importance arises from complexity science and modern network theory. Scale-free (i.e., scalable) networks represent a promising concept space for modeling airspace system architectures, and for assessing network performance in terms of robustness, resilience, and other metrics. The lecture offers an air transportation system topology and a scale-free network linkage graphic as framework for transportation system innovation. Successful outcomes of innovation in air transportation could lay the foundations for new paradigms for aircraft and their operating capabilities, air transportation system topologies, and airspace architectures and procedural concepts. These new paradigms could support scalable alternatives for the expansion of future air mobility to more consumers in more parts of the world.


Four new naphthyl "capped" 1,2,3-triazole-linked receptors 6a–d have been synthesized and characterized. Their binding properties towards different metal ions have been studied by 1H NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy and the association constants were analysed by a non-linear global fit method. The fluorescent spectral changes show that 6a–d are sensitive and selective towards Fe3+ and Hg2+ ions. DFT calculations of the binding modes of 6a–d with these metal ions are also presented.


This article explores citizens' use of administrative hearings to appeal adverse government decisions about their welfare benefits. It draws on interviews with 79 welfare participants and observations of hearings and interviews with administrative law judges in a state in the United States to understand what hearings, and the act of appealing, mean to citizens. I find that beyond individual redress, participants view appealing as an opportunity to expose and repair social injuries and to renegotiate social relationships, social identities and their status as citizens. Their ability to rehabilitate strained social identities and establish their deservingness as citizens is contingent and variable, with hearings sometimes reproducing appellants' powerlessness and other times allowing for a more positive enactment of citizenship and social status. Over time, participants experience an increase in legal consciousness, using the knowledge of the law and bureaucratic practices they glean from hearings to better navigate the welfare bureaucracy. While this transformation of legal consciousness emphasizes individual gains rather than collective or systemic change, it cultivates a culture of complaining, rather than acquiescing, within the welfare bureaucracy.


Buddleja cordata is a species used by Mexican folk medicine for treating illnesses related to inflammation such as skin wounds and arthritis. It bio-synthesize metabolite such as verbascoside that contribute to its ethno-therapeutic properties as anti-inflammatory remedy. HPLC analysis showed that the methanolic extract from cell suspension cultures (Bc-Cc) and wild plant leaves (Bc-Wp) contained verbascoside, but concentration was higher in Bc-Cc (87.48 mg/g) than in wild plant (47.34 mg/g). In the acute toxicity model, none of the extracts generated any lethality or adverse effects. In acute inflammation model induced with TPA, Bc-Cc extract showed a greater edema inhibition at 2 mg/ear (61.72%), as well for carrageenan model at 200 mg/kg (48.87%). Bc-Wp showed lesser anti-inflammatory effect in both acute inflammation models than Bc-Cc. For Adjuvant-induced arthritis both extracts at 250 mg/kg generated a moderate inhibition over edema (≈33%) at day 28, and they were statistically no different to phenilbutazone. The culture in suspension of B. cordata obtained by biotechnological process contains greater amount of verbascosido and showed better anti-inflammatory activity; thus, representing a source for obtaining this type of secondary metabolite of pharmacological interest.


The initial algorithm that has been used for processing of raw data synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is Range Doppler Algorithm (RDA). This data is related to spaceborne or airborne SARs that often data gathering is done by satellite. Due to SAR sensor motion with respect to static or moving targets in ground encounter with range cell migration (RCM) phenomenon in spaceborne. In the aircraft case RCM is negligible because the platform velocity is lower. In this paper we implement the RDA on spaceborne real data gathered from RADARSAT1 to generate SAR image.


Seven trends/lessons in regional development are reviewed, taking Canada as reference point: 1) the forces of agglomeration will not lessen; 2) top cities will remain so; 3) distance continues to matter; 4) costs matter, a driver of non-metropolitan growth; 5) market access increasingly matters; 6) as do naturally amenities (sea and trees), but constrained by distance; 7) natural resources are a double-edged sword, both a driver of growth and possible impediment. For regional Australia, as for peripheral Canada, the chief discriminant factor is lesson 3 (distance). The transport costs for goods and information have fallen. But, relative distances have not changed. The cost of transporting people - prime input into knowledge-intensive production - has not fallen, and has arguably risen as the opportunity cost of time rises. The essential distinction is not between metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas, but between those that are close and those that are far.


Our previous study presented that sericin, a kind of silk protein, had high ability of apatite formation under a condition mimicking body environment when the sericin contains high content of β sheet structure. To confirm the effectiveness of β sheet structure on apatite nucleation, we attempted to synthesize of polypeptide containing β sheet structure and investigate apatite formation in 1.5SBF that has 1.5 times the inorganic ion concentrations of human blood plasma. Poly(FEFEFEFG) was synthesized as the polypeptide consisting mainly of β sheet structure. Formation of hydroxyapatite was observed on the film of the poly(FEFEFEFG) after soaking in 1.5SBF within 7 days. We could confirm that β sheet structure was effective even in the synthetic polypeptide.


Postimpregnation of Pd nanoparticles (NPs) stabilized within hyper-cross-linked polystyrene with sodium or potassium hydroxides of optimal concentration was found to significantly increase the catalytic activity for the partial hydrogenation of the C–C triple bond in 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol at ambient hydrogen pressure. The alkali metal hydroxide accelerates the transformation of the residual Pd(II) salt into Pd(0) NPs and diminishes the reaction induction period. In addition, the selectivity to the desired 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol increases with the K- and Na-doped catalysts from 97.0 up to 99.5%. This effect was assigned to interactions of the alkali metal ions with the Pd NPs surfaces resulting in the sites' separation and a change of reactants adsorption.


Multi-modal named entity recognition (MNER) aims to discover named entities in free text and classify them into pre-defined types with images. However, dominant MNER models do not fully exploit fine-grained semantic correspondences between semantic units of different modalities, which have the potential to refine multi-modal representation learning. To deal with this issue, we propose a unified multi-modal graph fusion (UMGF) approach for MNER. Specifically, we first represent the input sentence and image using a unified multi-modal graph, which captures various semantic relationships between multi-modal semantic units (words and visual objects). Then, we stack multiple graph-based multi-modal fusion layers that iteratively perform semantic interactions to learn node representations. Finally, we achieve an attention-based multi-modal representation for each word and perform entity labeling with a CRF decoder. Experimentation on the two benchmark datasets demonstrates the superiority of our MNER model.


Enzymatic degradation of organic pollutants is a new and promising remediation approach. Peroxidases are one of the most commonly used classes of enzymes to degrade organic pollutants. However, it is generally assumed that all peroxidases behave similarly and produce similar degradation products. In this study, we conducted detailed studies of the degradation of a model aromatic pollutant, Sulforhodamine B dye (SRB dye), using two peroxidases—soybean peroxidase (SBP) and chloroperoxidase (CPO). Our results show that these two related enzymes had different optimum conditions (pH, temperature, H2O2 concentration, etc.) for efficiently degrading SRB dye. High-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography –mass spectrometry analyses confirmed that both SBP and CPO transformed the SRB dye into low molecular weight intermediates. While most of the intermediates produced by the two enzymes were the same, the CPO treatment produced at least one different intermediate. Furthermore, toxicological evaluation using lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds demonstrated that the SBP-based treatment was able to eliminate the phytotoxicity of SRB dye, but the CPO-based treatment did not. Our results show, for the first time, that while both of these related enzymes can be used to efficiently degrade organic pollutants, they have different optimum reaction conditions and may not be equally efficient in detoxification of organic pollutants.


ABSTRACT Podocnemis unifilis and P. expansa abundance was compared at 3 sites in eastern lowland Bolivia in 2000. Two of the sites were adjacent to human communities while the third was not. The comparison was made to examine effects of hunting pressure on turtle abundance. Data suggest that hunting pressure has a negative effect on the abundance of Podocnemis turtles and it is more severe closer to human communities. The greater abundance at a less-hunted site suggests that turtle populations facing reduced hunting pressure may be recovering.


Background. Separate lines of research link lowered serotonin tone to interpersonal submissiveness and bulimia nervosa (BN). We explored the impact of co-morbid avoidant personality disorder (APD), as a proxy for submissiveness, on behavioural inhibition and serotonin function in women with BN. Method. Participants included women with BN with co-morbid APD (BNA+, N=13); women with BN but without APD (BNA−, N=23), and control women with neither BN nor APD (N=23). The women were assessed for psychopathological tendencies and eating disorder symptoms, and participated in a computerized laboratory task that measured behavioural inhibition and disinhibition. Participants also provided blood samples for measurement of serial prolactin responses following oral administration of the partial 5-HT agonist meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP). Results. The BNA+ group had higher scores than the other groups on self-report measures of submissiveness, social avoidance, restricted emotional expression, affective instability and self-harming behaviours. Compared with the other groups, the BNA+ group tended to be more inhibited under cues for punishment on the computerized task and to have blunted prolactin response following m-CPP. The bulimic groups did not differ from each other on current eating symptoms or on frequencies of other mental disorders. Conclusions. Findings indicate that women with BN and co-morbid APD may be characterized by interpersonal submissiveness and avoidance, affective instability, self-harm, behavioural inhibition in response to threat and lower sensitivity to serotonergic activation. These findings may indicate common, serotonergic factors, associated with social submissiveness, behavioural inhibition to threat and BN.


We investigated seabird–eddy associations in subtropical waters of the southern Indian Ocean during a summer (January) cruise from Amsterdam Island to Western Australia. To determine habitat associations and to enable predictions about foraging strategies, we related the distributions of satellite altimetry data (sea surface height anomalies) to the 3 most abundant taxa in the study area: terns (sooty Sterna fuscata and bridled S. anaethetus) and shearwaters (wedge-tailed Puffinus pacificus) were significantly more common and numerous within convergence zones. However, a step-wise logistic regression model revealed that these seabirds were more strongly associated with other habitat variables, including the distance to breeding colonies and warm sea surface temperature conditions. Great-winged petrels Pterodroma macroptera were widely scattered and did not show associations with convergences or divergences. These contrasting results highlight the need to consider smaller-scale hydrographic features, such as frontal systems, when quantifying seabird associations with mesoscale eddies. Large-scale patterns of ocean circulation and mesoscale variability also seem to play a critical role in determining the extent of seabird–eddy associations. In contrast with previous studies, which have focused on dynamic frontal regions and energetic current systems, we surveyed a region of weak mesoscale variability north of the Subtropical Convergence zone.


A total of 460 upgrade goats of 16 farmers from three focal sites representing a rice-mango producing area, a fishing village, and a coconut farming community were used to determine the effect of participatory technology development on farmers' changing pattern of worm control in goats. Farmers chose technology options for worm control based on their needs, capabilities, and resources. Technology adoption in each focal site was evaluated in terms of deworming frequency, incidence of worm-related morbidities, and mortalities before and after project implementation. The impact of technology adoption was determined by participatory appraisal tools such as technology preference ranking, maps and group discussions, and using descriptive statistics. The study showed that with farmers' adoption of different worm control technologies, goats may be given single anthelmintic treatment (1.3 times) per year without compromising the general condition of the animals. Across sites, the average recommended frequency of treatment based on fecal egg count was 1.93. Nine out of 16 farmers did not follow these recommendations and instead, relied on their personal assessment of the animal's condition. Mean worm-related morbidity across sites (51 %) before initiation of the project was reduced to 6.2%, or a change rate of 82.6%. Similarly, the deaths due to worm-related conditions before the project (66.7%) decreased to 2.6%, or a change rate of 95.3%. Housing was the most highly preferred technology by farmer-cooperators in three focal sites, followed by stall feeding, complete confinement, strategic deworming, then tethering or free grazing. The participatory approach to technology development helped farmers to learn to value the integrated approach to worm control, and eventually shift from the common method (complete reliance on anthelmintics).


In this paper, we evaluate the predictability of tweets associated with controversial versus non-controversial topics. As a first step, we crowd-sourced the scoring of a predefined set of topics on a Likert scale from non-controversial to controversial. Our feature set entails and goes beyond sentiment features, e.g., by leveraging empathic language and other features that have been previously used but are new for this particular study. We find focusing on the structural characteristics of tweets to be beneficial for this task. Using a combination of emphatic, language-specific, and Twitter-specific features for supervised learning resulted in 87% accuracy (F1) for cross-validation of the training set and 63.4% accuracy when using the test set. Our analysis shows that features specific to Twitter or social media, in general, are more prevalent in tweets on controversial topics than in non-controversial ones. To test the premise of the paper, we conducted two additional sets of experiments, which led to mixed results. This finding will inform our future investigations into the relationship between language use on social media and the perceived controversiality of topics.


This paper investigates the relationship between dissensual free speech and the institutional frameworks towards which it is directed. On the one hand, the articulation of dissent needs institutional support, but at the same time dissent forms the basis of possible criticisms of institutions. In providing a reading of Michel Foucault's late lectures on the Greek concept of parrhesia (the perilous, risky act of telling the truth), the present paper contributes to a more differentiated understanding of this double structure of dissent. Parrhesia , as a form of telling consensually unacknowledged truths, points to a constitutive incongruence between free speech and the normative frameworks in which it occurs. I show in what way this incongruence or gap between legality and discourse can be understood as a primary scene of ethical and political subjectivation. My central claim is that it is possible, departing from Foucault, to sketch an intrinsically dissensual conception of truth-telling apart from consensus-theoretic approaches. Furthermore, I show how Foucault gives hints towards an essentially performative understanding of truth-telling that is always and constitutively in danger of no longer being answered by reason or language, but by mere violence. This leads to pointing out the necessity of reinterpreting our concepts of freedom, subjectivity, and institution involved in our contemporary political practices.


This study aimed to detect and analyse regular patterns of play in the counterattack of football teams, through the combination of the sequential analysis technique and interviews to first League Portuguese coaches. A mixed method design (QUAL/QUAL) was used. In a first stage 36 games (12 per team) of the Barcelona (BA), Inter Milan (IM) and Manchester United (MU) teams were encoded using the observational instrument developed by Sarmento et al. (2010), and the data analysed trough the SDIS-GSEQ software. Based on the detected patterns, semi-structured interviews were carried out to 8 expert high-performance football coaches and data were analysed through the content analysis technique (Nvivo9). In total, 245 counterattack sequences were observed. The MU performed significantly more counterattacks (X2(2) = 36.8; p = 0.00). The analysis of the results concerning the start of the offensive process (OP) through ball recovery possession by the goalkeeper has allowed to verify that there is a similar tendency in the MU and BA teams, that developed these sequences through the central (Z ≥1.96) and right side zones of the defensive midfielder, by the execution (MU) of the forward pass (Z = 2.00), or technical actions (BA) such as dribble (Z = 2.47) and conduction of the ball (Z = 2.71). In BA team, the shot with goal scored is activated by the crossing (Z = 2.82) and by the high (Z = 3.05) diagonal pass. Contrary to what happens with the other teams, the goal tends to be activated by the zones 8 and 11. Through the performed content analysis we could observe that coaches interpret these play patterns based their opinions, mainly, in tactical-strategic and tactical-technical aspects, and in the characteristics of the players on those teams. The potential in the combination of these types of analysis are evident because it allows detecting and analysing regular patterns of play which assume a practical application to coaches, but also because the content analysis which resulted from the interviews, has allowed complementing this approach with the know-how of the experts in the field.


1. Absorption of copper was determined by the simultaneous administration of 64Cu orally and 67Cu intravenously to six patients with Wilson's disease (WD), eighteen of their parents and siblings, four normal subjects and three subjects with cirrhosis of the liver. Absorption was calculated by three methods: (1) the mean ratio of 64Cu to 67Cu body retention at 3 and 4 days as determined by whole-body counting; (2) the mean ratio of 64Cu to 67Cu at 3 and 4 days as determined by faecal excretion; and (3) the mean ratio of 64Cu to 67Cu plasma radioactivity 6-24 h after administration. 2. The total-body counting and faecal methods for determining copper absorption agreed with each other, demonstrating that the normal absorption of copper is 6 7 0 % (mean 56%) of the dose and that absorption is not influenced by cirrhosis of the liver, age or sex; but it appears to be inversely related to the amount of carrier copper. The absorption of copper in both homozygotes and heterozygotes for WD did not differ significantly from that of the control subjects. Therefore, the increased body burden of copper in WD does not appear to be due to over absorption, but rather to decreased biliary excretion of copper.


In this paper Finite Element Method (FEM) was used to study the indentation behavior of aluminum alloy 2A12 with nonmetallic inclusions. Indentation elastic-plastic tests and indentation creep tests were simulated with a cylindrical indenter to analyze the influence of the inclusion size and the inclusion depth. FEM results indicate that the existence of inclusions will have certain influence on the indentation behavior, and when the inclusion size is close to the indenter size, the influence is obvious. For the indentation method, the conclusions can provide some useful information in the project application.


Citation: Corazzini, K.N., Meyer, J., McGilton, K.S., Scales, K., McConnell, E. S., Anderson, R.A., Lepore, M. & Ekman, I. (2016). Person-centered nursing home care in the United States, United Kingdom, and Sweden: Why building cross-comparative capacity may help us radically rethink nursing home care and the role of the RN. Nordic Journal of Nursing Research, 36(2), pp. 59-61. doi: 10.1177/2057158516649145


Surgical resection of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) yields good long-term results on the condition that a complete R0 resection is performed according to the definition elaborated by a task force of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) (1). In 1995, after the study of the Lung Cancer Study Group (LCSG), which is the only phase III randomized controlled trial that has been published as full paper until now, lobectomy became the minimal resection and standard therapy for early-stage NSCLC (2,3).


Penises play a key role in sperm transport and in stimulating female genitals. This should impact post-copulatory competition, and expose penis characteristics to sexual selective pressures. Studies of male genitalia have repeatedly reported negative static allometries, which mean that, within species, large males have disproportionally small genitals when compared with smaller individuals. Males of some sperm-storing bat species may stand as an exception to such a pattern by arousing from hibernation to copulate with torpid females. The selection for large penises might take place, if a long organ provides advantages during post-copulatory competition and/or if females have evolved mechanisms allowing the choice of sire, relying on characters other than pre-copulatory traits (e.g., penis size). In this study, we measured dimensions of the erected penis in 4 sperm-storing bat species. Furthermore, we collected sperm and evaluated the link between penis dimensions and sperm velocity. Our results revealed steep allometric slopes of the erected penis length in Barbastella barbastellus and an inverse allometry of penis head width in Myotis nattereri. More detailed studies of copulatory behavior are urgently needed to explain the range of observed scaling relations. Furthermore, penis head width correlates with sperm velocity in Plecotus auritus. For this last species, we propose that penis shape might act as a marker of male fertility.


BCL-2 family proteins dictate survival of human multiple myeloma cells, making them attractive drug targets. Indeed, multiple myeloma cells are sensitive to antagonists that selectively target prosurvival proteins such as BCL-2/BCL-XL (ABT-737 and ABT-263/navitoclax) or BCL-2 only (ABT-199/GDC-0199/venetoclax). Resistance to these three drugs is mediated by expression of MCL-1. However, given the selectivity profile of venetoclax it is unclear whether coexpression of BCL-XL also affects antitumor responses to venetoclax in multiple myeloma. In multiple myeloma cell lines (n = 21), BCL-2 is expressed but sensitivity to venetoclax correlated with high BCL-2 and low BCL-XL or MCL-1 expression. Multiple myeloma cells that coexpress BCL-2 and BCL-XL were resistant to venetoclax but sensitive to a BCL-XL–selective inhibitor (A-1155463). Multiple myeloma xenograft models that coexpressed BCL-XL or MCL-1 with BCL-2 were also resistant to venetoclax. Resistance to venetoclax was mitigated by cotreatment with bortezomib in xenografts that coexpressed BCL-2 and MCL-1 due to upregulation of NOXA, a proapoptotic factor that neutralizes MCL-1. In contrast, xenografts that expressed BCL-XL, MCL-1, and BCL-2 were more sensitive to the combination of bortezomib with a BCL-XL selective inhibitor (A-1331852) but not with venetoclax cotreatment when compared with monotherapies. IHC of multiple myeloma patient bone marrow biopsies and aspirates (n = 95) revealed high levels of BCL-2 and BCL-XL in 62% and 43% of evaluable samples, respectively, while 34% were characterized as BCL-2High/BCL-XLLow. In addition to MCL-1, our data suggest that BCL-XL may also be a potential resistance factor to venetoclax monotherapy and in combination with bortezomib. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(5); 1132–44. ©2016 AACR.


One of the newer suggestions for the design of public economic units refers to Functional Overlapping Competing Jurisdictions (FOCJs), which are instruments to shape cooperation of jurisdictions, e.g. municipalities.
The study clarifies important types of FOCJ. It concentrates on FOCJs where the members are municipalities. How useful such FOCJs are for designing public services depends on the composition of members, their decision concept of cooperation, the task of the FOCJ, the resources devoted to the FOCJ and the development phase of the FOCJ. For better understanding of those determinants, a microeconomic theory is needed. Therefore, the authors formulate models of FOCJ establishment, FOCJ operation and FOCJ competition for clients and members. The authors present already existing models and extensions of them based on the models in public choice and location theory, cooperation and game theory, and market theory to cover oligopolistic situations.


"The political ideology driving urban statutory planning in the United Kingdom has held a central place within planning literature during the 1980s and 1990s. The distinctiveness of leadership style and political ideology associated with the Thatcher governments have been widely recognized both in practice and academia. However, the distinctiveness of political ideology to determine the form and status of statutory urban planning since John Major acceded to the prime ministership in 1990 has not been assessed so markedly. Questions emerge on whether Thatcherite ideology is continuing in the 1990s within the realm of planning and environment, of whether a watered down version of New Right policies are being implemented, or whether central government policies towards planning over the last six years marked a change in ideological direction. This paper examines statutory planning during the Major years with reference to the ideological components of Thatcherism. From this assessment, a comparative analysis is undertaken of both political administrations. The paper concludes by finding that although elements of Thatcherite ideology are continuing, there have been initiatives that move away from the primacy of the market. However, these do not form any 'big theory': the differences between Thatcher and Major are more related to style than substance. Thatcherism is continuing but in a neo-Thatcherite way." Copyright Joint Editors and Blackwell Publishers Ltd 1997.


Furan and furan derivatives are processing contaminants found in thermally processed food, such as coffee or canned products. For the determination of furan and ten derivatives, a sensitive headspace-solid phase micro-extraction-gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method with stable isotope dilution analysis was developed. Different precursors such as saccharides, saccharide/amino acid mixtures, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and oils were heat processed to investigate the formation of furanoic compounds via Maillard reaction and lipid oxidation. Therefore, a low moister (silica gel with 10% water content) and an aqueous (phosphate buffer, pH 4.5, 7, and 9) model system were chosen to study the effect of water content and pH value on the formation process. The formation of different furan derivatives could be attributed to distinct precursors; furfuryl alcohol was highly formed from 1,4-linked disaccharides, whereas PUFA formed the highest amounts of 2-ethylfuran and 2-pentylfuran.


In this paper, the use of partially or tailored cladded blanks is proposed for the production of multifunctional lightweight components. Therefore, the non-joined sheet areas will be formed to hollow structures by hydroforming subsequent to the partial cladding operation. The paper presents results of research work on the production processes and potential applications of partially cladded blanks in the field of thermal engineering and automotive engineering. Furthermore, it is focused on possible developments regarding the use of multiple materials and process combinations for sophisticated applications e.g. in the field of lightweight constructions.


Computer aided MEMS optimization regarding performance, power consumption, and reliability is an important design task due to high prototyping costs. In the MEMS design flow, a variety of specialized tools is available. FEM tools (e.g. ANSYS, CFD-ACE+) are widely used for simulation on component level. Simulations on system level are carried out with simplified models using simulators like Saber, ELDO, or Spice. A few simulators offer too-specific optimization capabilities but there is a lack of simulator-independent support of MEMS optimization. The paper presents a modular approach for simulation-based optimization, which aims at a flexible combination of simulators and optimization algorithms by partitioning the optimization cycle into separate modules for model generation, simulation, error calculation, and optimization. Available optimization algorithms include direct and indirect methods as well as stochastic approaches. Interfaces to the simulators ANSYS, ELDO, Saber, MATLAB, and SPICE are implemented. Thus the optimization task can be solved on different levels of model abstraction (FEM, ordinary differential equations, generalized networks...). A graphical user interface (GUI) supports control and visualization of the optimization progress. The modules of the optimization system may communicate via the internet (web-based optimization, distributed optimization).


This paper gives an algebraic conjecture which is shown to be equivalent to Thurston's Geometrization Conjecture for closed, orientable 3-manifolds. It generalizes the Stallings–Jaco theorem which established a similar result for the Poincaré Conjecture. The paper also gives two other algebraic conjectures; one is equivalent to the finite fundamental group case of the Geometrization Conjecture and the other is equivalent to the union of the Geometrization Conjecture and Thurston's Virtual Bundle Conjecture.


PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES
To review research related to the psychological functioning of women with family histories of breast cancer, the impact of genetic counseling on women at increased risk, and their participation in and description of breast cancer risk evaluation programs.

DATA SOURCES
Published articles and material from the World Wide Web.

DATA SYNTHESIS
Findings from these sources suggest an underlying level of psychological distress in women with family histories of breast cancer. This may either increase or decrease their surveillance practices. With the onset of commercial genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2, researchers have studied some of the initial psychosocial effects of genetic information on women at high risk.

CONCLUSIONS
Women with family histories of breast cancer have a very high interest in genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. They have an underlying level of psychological distress that is not relieved by genetic counseling. They tend to state reasons for wanting and not wanting testing that are not polar opposites. Women who attend breast cancer risk assessment programs tend to be self-referred, Caucasian, well-educated, and of middle or upper income status. Large gaps exist in the research on women of color and those who are less educated and of lower socioeconomic status.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING
Nurses and other healthcare professionals should tailor care given to women at increased risk for hereditary breast cancer by using the current information related to their emotional and medical needs. Decisions regarding genetic testing, genetic counseling, and breast cancer risk assessment are highly individualized. Thus, healthcare professionals should be cautious regarding any generalizations about women at risk for breast cancer.


2,4,5-trimethoxy banzaldehyde was isolated from the petroleum ether extract of Acorus calamus. The structure of the compound was confirmed by chemical and spectroscopic techniques including high resolution 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, H-H Cosy and HMBC. Based on toxicity data on percentage mortality and corrected mortality due to the effect of Acorus calamus rhizome extract with petroleum ether, acetone and methanol against the adults of Tribolium confusum(flour beetle) and Sitophilus oryzae (Rice weevil), it was observed that petroleum ether extract of the rhizome was more toxic than that of other extracts in the insect species. From the repellency class it was observed that the pet ether extract was more effective to Tribolium castaneum than Tribolium confusum.


In this paper, we explore the application of a commercial anime Naruto for the development of a Narrative Learning Environment aiming at disseminating a citizenship and pedagogical message "All different, all equal". With this application, we want to explore a new medium, with a cross cultural acceptance to convey a running concern to the worldwide community. In this research project, we introduce novel techniques in the storytelling research domain and at the same time develop a game that can have a positive impact on the development of conscious awareness of current social and global issue.


Abstract The genus Platycotylus Olliff, 1883 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is recorded from Japan (Nakanoshima Island, Tokara Islands) for the first time, through the discovery of a new and remarkable species, Platycotylusmerklisp. nov., which is described herein. The male of this new species can be distinguished from all known males of other congeneric species by its long and asymmetrical epistomal horn. Although this new species is most similar to Platycotylusparvicollis (Pic, 1923), for which a male has not been examined, it can be distinguished from this species by its simple sparse pronotal punctation, smaller eyes, and acutely produced temples.


(1) The pattern of post-fire vegetation development in Picea mariana (black spruce)Pleurozium forests in south-eastern Labrador, Canada, is evaluated using palaeoecological methods and vegetation analysis of extant stands. (2) Macrofossil analysis of mor humus profiles in mature stands yields the following stratigraphy: mineral soil-charcoal-Polytrichum juniperinum-Cladonia lichensPleurozium schreberi-feather mosses and Sphagnum girgensohnii. The stratigraphic record of the post-fire dynamics of the vegetation at individual sites strengthens the conclusions obtained from the detailed analysis of a chronosequence of stands. (3) The pattern of vegetation development, especially of the arboreal species, is significantly different from that reported for the central and western boreal forest in North America. This difference is attributed to the much longer fire cycle in the maritime region of Labrador which allows the accumulation of a thick organic soil layer that is incompletely removed by fire. (4) Arboreal regeneration is slow due to the limited availability of mineral soil seedbeds. The progressive establishment of black spruce and balsam fir over a 70-100 year period results in an uneven age structure and provides a long period when lichen woodlands cover the landscape. (5) The majority of the vascular understorey species follow the pattern of initial floristics and resprout rapidly following fire. Coptis groenlandicum, Gaultheria hispidula, and Empetrum nigrum decrease following fire whereas only Epilobium angustifolium shows a marked increase. (6) The cryptogam ground cover undergoes a physiognomic and compositional succession that represents contrasting substrate requirements and the differential response of the major species to a temporally-varying environment.


Multiform morphologies of hydroxyapatite nanostructures were synthesized by different methods. Some novel methods were adopted for preparing different morphologies. The morphological analysis confirms that the preparation method greatly influences the morphological characterization. The morphological analysis further confirmed by the TEM analysis. The nanostructure clearly depicts the growth stages of the HAp. The interplanar distances measured in segments (fringes) of the HRTEM micrograph were ~0.35 nm, corresponding to the interplanar spacing of the [002] plane of the hexagonal hydroxyapatite. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements indicate the formation of crystalline hexagonal hydroxyapatite. The morphological dependent properties were analyzed in detail.


Surgeons of the National Guard, Ladies and Gentlemen : Every good citizen takes a just pride and a deep interest in the safety and prosperity of his country. His patriotism should bear a direct ratio to the degree of freedom and protection he enjoys and the richness of the natural resources within his reach. If freedom, protection, and prosperity are the elements which are productive of patriotism every citizen of the United States is or should be imbued with love and gratitude for his country and ready to defend it in times of danger. It is a great privilege to be a citizen of the greatest country on the face of the earth, and to belong to the most powerful and progressive nation in the world. Our country has taken a place in the front rank among the ruling nations. Its brief history is an unbroken record of unparalleled growth and


The possible impact of human migration from onchocerciasis endemic areas located beyond the borders of the "Onchocerciasis Control Programme in West Africa" to the area protected by this project was studied. The aim of this exercise was to assess the contribution of immigrants to the prevalence and intensity of infection of the human population protected by vector control activities and their potential role in generating transmission once the vector is allowed to repopulate the programme area. Data were collected in Southern Mali and the North, South, East and West of Burkina Faso. In Southern Mali a statistically significant difference in prevalence between migrants and non migrants was found only for migrants from Ivory Coast (p = 0.04). In Burkina Faso no statistically significant difference in prevalence and intensity of infection between migrant and non migrant was found with the exception of the villagers in the North, a marginal area for the parasite (p = 0.004). These findings suggest that immigrants will not constitute on important threat for the northern section of the well protected area of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme when the vector is allowed to repopulate the river valleys.


The work is devoted to study the dynamic properties of a powertrain, performing an experimental modal analysis (EMA). The aim is to determinate structural modes and frequency response function (FRF) using an experimental approach. Two types of excitation mechanism are applied and compared for the EMA: a modal exciter (electromagnetic shaker system) and an impact hammer. Both the analyses with modal shaker and with impact hammer are carried on measuring the acceleration of the structure in the same set of eighty-one points. In both cases, the excitation is performed along three directions (vertical, lateral and longitudinal with respect to the structure). The two different modal analysis methodologies are described, and results (modal parameters such as natural frequencies, damping ratios and modal shapes are identified with commercial software) are compared. The comparison is made in term of result accuracy, reliability and testing time required.


In any network to transmit data from source to destination it is extremely important to select a best path. The routing protocols meant for wired networks cannot be used for wireless networks. This paper discusses routing protocols belonging to intra domain wireless network. In this paper we mainly concentrate on choosing the path in wireless network. Of course we are having number of protocols to choose a path but all the existing protocols are not guarantee to get high through put .we studded no of protocols along with their metrics but all the protocols are concentrate on minimizing the cost or delay but not high throughput. Here we are concentrating on Intra domain protocols by considering spatial reusability to get high throughput. Recently the researchers proposed two protocols such as Spatial reusability-aware single path routing (SASR) and spatial reusability-aware any path routing protocol (SAAR).from our study we conclude that these two protocols are used to maximize throughput in wireless network.


Background: Of patients with acute chest pain(CP), only 10% have acute coronary syndrome. About 20% of these CP patients have an obvious non-cardiac etiology, while the remaining 70% undergo diagnostic testing to exclude coronary atherosclerosis(CAD). Myocardial perfusion imaging(MPI) is commonly used to assess these patients. A normal MPI effectively excludes CAD and the patient is labeled as having "non-cardiac" CP. Late gadolinium enhancement(LGE) by Cardiac MRI(CMR) offers detection of pericardial disease. This study was undertaken to assess the role of CMR in CP patients with a normal MPI. Methods: An institutional cardiac imaging database was queried for all patients with new onset CP. The study was composed of those CP patients who did not have ACS or an obvious non-cardiac etiology. The cohort was divided into 2 groups. Group A patients underwent MPI as their initial test and were negative for ischemia, but had continued CP. Group B had CMR as their initial test and were negative for ischemia. The detection of pericarditis in these 2 patient groups was assessed using LGE of the pericardium. Results: 3,525 patients who presented with chest pain and no evidence of ACS underwent nuclear MPI. 347(9.8%) of these 3,525 patients had a normal nuclear MPI, but subsequently underwent a CMR for persistent chest pain and constituted Group A. 63 of 347(18.1%) Group A patients with a normal MPI had evidence of pericarditis on LGE. Group B had 505 patients with chest pain who underwent a CMR stress study, noting 461(82.4%) were normal, while 89(17.6%) had evidence of CAD. Of the 461 patients with a normal CMR stress, 80(19.2%) had evidence of pericarditis on LGE. Conclusions: About 10% of patients with CP and normal MPI may continue to complain of discomfort. These patients are usually labeled as "non-cardiac", and often undergo gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal evaluation. Evaluation of this group of patients with CMR shows that 18-19% have pericarditis by LGE and are incorrectly labeled as "non-cardiac". Newer treatments for pericarditis with colchicine/non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs have high success rates, while undiagnosed/untreated pericarditis is likely a precursor to constrictive disease, making the need for a correct initial diagnosis imperative.


It has been argued that political entrepreneurship is playing an increased role for public organizations and play a vital role in local government organizations. Political entrepreneurship has previously been studied from the motivations and actions of the individual entrepreneur. We argue that in order to understand why political entrepreneurship occurs in local public administration, these aspects are not enough. Instead, we need to consider entrepreneurship as situated, and analyse contextual conditions which form institutional demands for political entrepreneurship. A tentative framework is presented, which distinguish conditions coming from reformed organizational setting and conditions coming from new policy challenges. Finally, we conclude that the character of the conditions and thus the institutional demands directs political entrepreneurship towards either value-generative or collaborative entrepreneurship.


In this paper, we are going to use a practical approach of uniform down sampling in image space and yet making the sampling adaptive by spatially varying, directional low-pass pre-filtering. The resulting down-sampled pre-filtered image remains a conventional square sample grid, and, thus, it can be compressed and transmitted without any change to current image coding standards and systems. The decoder first decompresses the lowresolution image and then up-converts it to the original resolution in a constrained least squares restoration process, using a 2-D piecewise autoregressive model and the knowledge of directional low-pass pre-filtering. The proposed compression approach of collaborative adaptive down-sampling and upconversion (CADU) outperforms JPEG 2000 in PSNR measure at low to medium bit rates and achieves superior visual quality, as well. The superior low bit-rate performance of the CADU approach seems to suggest that over-sampling not only wastes hardware resources and energy, and it could be counterproductive to image quality given a tight bit budget. Keyword Down-sampling, image compression


Melanoma is a highly aggressive form of skin cancer, whose rates of morbidity and mortality are continuously increasing. The development of immunotherapeutic agents like anti-PDL1 and anti-CTLA4 antibodies has resulted in fundamental advances in the treatment of melanoma. However, long lasting responses are only observed in a small subset of immunotherapy-treated melanoma patients. This shortfall highlights the need for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern tumor sensitivity or resistance to immunotherapy. To address this need, autologous patient-derived tumor cell lines and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were utilized in an in vitro activated caspase 3-based high-throughput screen, to identify compounds that increase the sensitivity of melanoma cells to T-cell mediated cytotoxicity. The screen consisted of a library of 850 bioactive compounds. One group of compounds that was most able to enhance T-cell killing of melanoma cells was topoisomerase I (Top1) inhibitors including: topotecan, and irinotecan. Topoisomerases are a family of DNA enzymes, which are involved in unwinding DNA and relieving torsional strain during replication and transcription. Our results indicate that treatment of melanoma tumor cells with a Top1 inhibitor prior to exposure to autologous T cells, produced a synergistic increase in tumor cell death, as measured by intracellular staining of activated caspase 3, and computed using CalcuSyn. We have also recapitulated this finding in an in vivo model, where a better anti-tumor effect was observed in tumor- bearing mice treated with an antibody against the co-inhibitory molecule Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PDL1) in combination with a nanoparticle liposomal formulation of irinotecan, than in cohorts treated with either antibody or drug alone. These findings suggest synergism between Top1 inhibitors and immune-based therapies in the treatment of melanoma. Genomic and proteomic changes elicited by inhibition of Top1 are now being investigated to identify the molecular factors that mediate the effect of Top1 inhibitors on T cell-mediated killing of melanoma. Our goal is to identify molecular changes mediated by Top1 inhibition in melanoma tumor cells, and/or the tumor microenvironment, that relieves immunosuppression and potentiates the activity of cytotoxic T cell-based immunotherapy. Understanding how Top1 inhibitors enhance melanoma killing by immunotherapy will allow for the development of predictive biomarkers, and also augment immune-based therapeutic strategies to ensure durable responses in a larger population of melanoma patients. By using melanoma as a model disease system, we can gain valuable insights into the dynamics of cancer immune response that may be applied to other cancers where effective treatment strategies are also lacking. Citation Format: Jodi A. McKenzie, Rina M. Mbofung, Shruti Malu, Patrick Hwu. Increasing the antitumor efficacy of immunotherapy in melanoma by using topoisomerase I inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR Inaugural International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 16-19, 2015; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B152.


Eleven field trials were conducted over a three-year period (2006-2008) at three locations in southwestern Ontario, Canada to evaluate the effect of various weed management strategies in glyphosate-tolerant corn on weed control, crop injury, corn yield, environmental impact and profit margin. No visible injury resulted from the herbicide treatments evaluated. Overall, the effect of all factors assessed were location specific. By 56 days after treatment, depending on location, glyphosate applied at the 7 - 8 leaf stage (LPOST), preemergence (PRE) herbicides followed by (fb) glyphosate LPOST and sequential glyphosate applications (EPOST (3 - 4 leaf stage) followed by LPOST) provided more consistent control of annual broadleaf weeds and annual grasses compared to glyphosate applied alone EPOST. Weed control at 56 days after treatment was lower when glyphosate was applied alone LPOST compared to sequential applications of glyphosate or PRE herbicides fb glyphosate. There were no differences in corn yield among the sequential programs evaluated; however, a yield benefit was found when a sequential program was used compared to glyphosate applied alone LPOST. Among the sequential programs the lowest environmental impact was isoxaflutole/atrazine fb glyphosate. The lowest profit margins were associated with atrazine, S-metolachlor/atrazine/benoxacor, dicamba/atrazine and glyphosate LPOST treatments compared to all other treatments. Overall, profit margins tended to be somewhat higher for treatments that included glyphosate applications. Based on these results, the most efficacious and profitable weed management program in corn was a sequential application of glyphosate; however, isoxaflutole/atrazine fb glyphosate was the treatment with the lowest environmental risk while also adding glyphosate stewardship benefits.


The inhibition of replicative DNA synthesis that follows DNA damage may be critical for avoiding genetic lesions that could contribute to cellular transformation. Exposure of MI -1 myeloblastic leukemia cells to nonlethal doses of the DNA damaging agents, -»-irradiationor actinomycin D, causes a transient inhibition of replicative DNA synthesis via both (., and (F. arrests. Levels of p53 protein in MI -I cells and in proliferating normal bone marrow myeloid progenitor cells increase and decrease in temporal association with the Gì arrest. In contrast, the S-phase arrest of MI -1 cells caused by exposure to the anti-metabolite, cytosino arabinoside, which does not directly damage DNA, is not associated with a significant change in p53 protein levels. Caffeine treatment blocks both the (F, arrest and the induction of p53 protein after f-irradiation, thus suggesting that blocking the induction of pS3 protein may contribute to the previously observed effects of caffeine on cell cycle changes after DNA damage. Unlike MI -I cells and normal bone marrow myeloid progenitor cells, hematopoietic cells that either lack p53 gene expression or overexpress a mutant form of the pS3 gene do not exhibit a (., arrest after -y-irradiation; however, the G2 arrest is unaffected by the status of the p53 gene. These results suggest a role for the wild-type pS3 protein in the inhibition of DNA synthesis that follows DNA damage and thus suggest a new mechanism for how the loss of wild-type p53 might contribute to tumorigenesis.


Harpoon-based sampling techniques for sample acquisition from planetary rovers and aerobots have been developed. The approach enables access to samples on nearby steep terrain or from unstable mobile platforms with small mass and volume impacts. For rover-based sampling, alterative harpoon concepts were compared and the crossbow approach was selected. A prototype system was fabricated, mounted on a rover, and tested in the JPL marsyard. Also, two penetrator concepts were developed and tested for aerobot deployment to icy-regolith environments. One concept is a passive drop penetrator and the other is an active pyro-activated penetrator. Results of both the design and test efforts with the harpoon-based sampling systems are presented.


The Bolivian tin belt extends for about 800 km down the Eastern Cordillera of the Central Andes. In the northern part the ore deposits are mainly tin-tungsten veins which are associated with granite-granodiorite batholiths. Previous work has shown that the batholiths can be divided into a northern group (Cordillera Real) which gives Mesozoic K-Ar ages and a southern group (Illimani, Quimsa Cruz, and Santa Vera Cruz) which gives lower Miocene ages.In central and southern Bolivia the tin deposits are complex vein systems associated with near-surface stocks and subvolcanic eruptive complexes. The ages of these fall into two groups. A northern group, extending as far south as the Kari-Kari batholith near Potosi, ranges in age from 23 to 20 m.y. Several of the major tin deposits of Bolivia, including the Catavi deposit at Llallagua, fall within this group, which is apparently part of a larger lower Miocene igneous province that includes the plutons of Illimani and the Cordilleras Quimsa Cruz and Santa Vera Cruz. A southern group includes the Cerro Rico stock at Potosi and the mineralized eruptive complexes of the Quechisla region which give upper Miocene ages ranging from 17 to 12 m.y. There are also extensive post-mineral ignimbrite sheets which overlie rocks of both the above groups.The data show that igneous activity within the tin belt took place as a series of relatively discrete pulses, with a general southward shift with time. The north to south zonation of the metals contained in the ore deposits, from tungsten in the north, through tin, to base metals with tin in the south, is not consistently dependent on the age of the associated igneous rocks and appears to be primarily related to the depth at which the deposits were formed and hence to the regional erosion level, rather than to changes in the geochemistry of the magmas with time or space. The Miocene-Pliocene igneous rocks of the tin belt fit rather well into the consistent pattern of Andean magmatic evolution which is becoming recognizable throughout the Central Andes as a whole.


Challenging monolithic approaches to culture and literacy, this book looks at the roots of African-American reading and writing from the perspective of vernacular activities and creolization. It shows that African-Americans, while readily mastering the conventions and canons of Euro-America, also drew on knowledge of their own to make an oppositional repertoire of signs and meanings. Distinct from conventional script literacy on the one hand, and oral culture on the other, these "creolized" vernacular practices include writing in charms, use of personal or nondecodable scripts, the strategic renunciation of reading and writing as communicative tools, and writing that is linked to divinaton, trance, and possession. Based on extensive ethnographic research in the Southeastern United States and the West Indies, Gundaker offers a complex portrait of the intersection of "outsider" conventions with "insider" knowledge and practice.


The effect of saturable absorption in the grating regions of second-order surface-emitting DBR lasers and high-power M-MOPA, edge emitting with DBR master oscillator and flared amplifier, has been analyzed numerically. As the pumping current increases, light penetrates further into the end gratings, due to saturation, resulting in narrower far field and higher reflectivity. The latter, in turn, reduces the external differential efficiency. Thus, one obtains a nonlinear L-I curve which may also include bistability effect, especially for small pumping currents above threshold, with a large absorption coefficient and long gratings, in agreement with previously observed experimental data.


Novice teenage drivers have high crash rates due to inexperience; therefore, cell phone-related secondary task engagement (distracted driving) is likely to aggravate crash risk for this population. A previous study of teenage distracted driving behavior, found that 34% of 16-17- year-olds had texted, and 52% reported talking on a cell phone while driving (Madden & Lenhart, 2009). In the current study, data from the NEXT Generation Health Study were analyzed to estimate the prevalence of cell phone-related distracted driving in a nationally representative sample of U.S. eleventh grade students, the age when most teenagers are first eligible to receive a license to drive independently. Using the subsample of teenagers that reported having a license that allowed independent, driving (n = 881), the prevalence of cell phone-related distracted driving was estimated. Nationwide, four out of five (80.0%) teenage drivers reported making or receiving a call, and 72.0% reported sending or receiving a text message at least one day in the past 30 days. In addition, teenagers reported talking on 32.6% and texting on 40.3% of the days they drove. Access to a vehicle, the number of miles teenagers drove each day (the more driving the more phone use), and race/ethnicity (Asians had lower cell phone use than Whites, Hispanics, or African-Americans), were significantly associated with cell phone-related distracted driving. These findings indicate a higher prevalence of teenage cell phone use while driving than previous studies. More research is needed to understand predictors, safety outcomes, and prevention approaches for teenage distracted driving.


The first version of the Retinal IMage database for Optic Nerve Evaluation (RIM-ONE) was published in 2011. This was followed by two more, turning it into one of the most cited public retinography databases for evaluating glaucoma. Although it was initially intended to be a database with reference images for segmenting the optic disc, in recent years we have observed that its use has been more oriented toward training and testing deep learning models. The recent REFUGE challenge laid out some criteria that a set of images of these characteristics must satisfy to be used as a standard reference for validating deep learning methods that rely on the use of these data. This, combined with the certain confusion and even improper use observed in some cases of the three versions published, led us to consider revising and combining them into a new, publicly available version called RIM-ONE DL (RIM-ONE for Deep Learning). This paper describes this set of images, consisting of 313 retinographies from normal subjects and 172 retinographies from patients with glaucoma. All of these images have been assessed by two experts and include a manual segmentation of the disc and cup. It also describes an evaluation benchmark with different models of well-known convolutional neural networks.


Subsoiling is a very efficient tilling method for reducing soil compaction caused by repeated passages of agricultural equipment in orchard's rows. Soil compaction can restrict the passage of water in deep layers and cause excessive surface water stagnation. Subsoiling can restore the structure of compacted soils through a vertical cut and an elevation of the ground, without mixing the tilled layers. Consequently, stable soil porosity and better drainage are favoured, the plough sole is removed, altogether improving the growth of roots and the absorption of nutrients. In particular, vibrating subsoilers can reduce the high draft force required by common subsoilers, and consequently smaller power class tractors can be employed. In order to assess several aspects regarding the use of a single shank subsoiler with an innovative oscillating device, the CRA-ING carried out specific tillage tests. The oscillating device is an horizontal metal plate that, during its run along the drill horizon, is raised at regular intervals through a connecting rod driven by a crank mechanism, consequently moving a greater mass of the above soil. Such a subsoiler has been tested under typical operating conditions in order to investigate different aspects of its utilization such as the energy requirements, the quality of the tilled soil and the level of vibrations transmitted at the driver seat by the oscillating device (according to the ISO 2631-1:1997 standard). Two series of tests have been performed through the untilled rows of a fifteen years old poplar grove, using the subsoiler both with the oscillating device and as a traditional one, at the same forward speed, with the aim of comparing the observed results. The tillage was done at the maximum depth depending on the soil's workability conditions (0,45 m), using a 110 kW, 4WD tractor.


Nasogastric tubes cause complications related to traumatic insertion. We reported a case of misplacement of a nasogastric tube into the postpneumonectomy space. A sixty-three-year old male patient was admitted to intensive care unit with the diagnosis of broncho and esophagopleural fistula 3 months after a pneumonectomy. A nasogastric tube had to be inserted immediately for the maintenance therapy of atrial fibrillation by the enteral route, by listening to the sound of air over the abdomen to minimize the risk of misplacement, but gastroscopy revealed that it was in the postpneumonectomy space. We concluded that it is important to verify the exact place of a nasogastric tube radiologically in patients with undiagnosed esophageal pathologies.


At Ruby Creek, Alaska, a 1-km-diameter body of hydrothermal dolostone cuts through over 500 m of Middle to Late Devonian carbonate sediments and contains in excess of 100 million tons of 1.2 percent copper. It is one of several similarly mineralized dolostone bodies in the Cosmos Hills which occur near the boundary between a carbonate platform and a shale basin. A complex alteration sequence is recognized in the Ruby Creek body which shows distinct variations with depth. The alteration sequence is separated into two major stages: an early period of dolomitization with minor base metal mineralization (A and B dolostones) and a later period of fracture-controlled copper mineralization (C assemblage). Clasts of A dolostone in sedimentary breccias indicate alteration began during early diagenesis.Early alteration resulted in progressive dolomitization of the host limestone and produced a zonal arrangement of low iron dolostone (A dolostone) around a ferroan dolostone (B dolostone) to siderite core. Siderite-bearing assemblages are either adjacent to, or replace, argillaceous lithologies. Alteration in footwall shale (now phyllite) is not recognized but may have been structurally displaced. Sulfide mineralogy also exhibits spatial and temporal variations. Sulfides are sparse in the A and upper, low iron B dolostones. Pyrite is a common accessory with later ferroan B dolostone and is commonly associated with minor sphalerite, barite, and barium silicates. In the core of the system, pyrrhotite, chlorite, and barium silicates are present with the siderite-bearing assemblage. A zone of discontinuous massive to semimassive iron sulfide separates the siderite-bearing zone from overlying ferroan B dolostones. Late assemblages of massive pyrite, often cobaltiferous, with minor sphalerite, occur in the middle and upper portions of the system adjacent to unaltered argillaceous beds. Conversion of dolomite to calcite accompanied pyrite deposition in these zones. Sulfur isotope studies suggest that temperatures in the core of the system during the early alteration stage exceeded 300 degrees C. Reflectance studies of organic material contained within the various dolostones indicate that the alteration was produced by several fluid pulses, at least one of which carried hydrocarbon.Dolomite veins (C veins) associated with the second major stage of mineralization show a distinct zonation. Veins are most abundant just above the massive iron sulfide layers separating ferroan dolostones from siderite-bearing assemblages. Vein density decreases toward the periphery of the system. Mineralogy also displays distinct spatial variations. Deep in the system the veins contain dolomite with sparse quartz, in the middle of the system dolomite, chalcopyrite with minor calcite, and pyrite are present. On the edge of the system the veins contain dolomite and calcite with minor sphalerite, pyrite, and fluorite. Massive copper sulfides are, in large part, restricted to former zones of massive pyrite. Chalcopyrite, replacing earlier pyrite, is the dominant copper-iron sulfide but is in turn replaced by bornite and finally chalcocite-digenite. Bornite- and chalcocite-rich assemblages display dolomite-destructive alteration and concurrent calcite precipitation. These copper-rich zones contain carrollitc apparently formed from the breakdown of cobaltiferous pyrite. Fluid inclusion studies indicate decreasing temperatures in the veins outward from the core of the system. Deep veins yield temperatures of up to 215 degrees C whereas veins on the periphery of the system give temperatures of approximately 125 degrees C. Zones of massive copper sulfides formed at temperatures between 100 degrees and 120 degrees C. The copper mineralization predates a Jurassic-Cretaceous period of deformation and metamorphism and appears to be a continuation of A and B dolostone alteration.


The ideal education should to dev potential (fitrah) students become precious human. During this time the reality of Islamic education trapped in problem of secularization dichotomy and sacralization education. Religion is define as something that take care of worship which set aside of science and technology. The aim of development integration Islamic value in social science at elementary school is to produce a new text book which give a comprehension to the students that the general science and religion is holistic. It is using Brog and Gall model to determine the success of product development of integration Islamic value of social science in elementary school. It is measured by validity level and effectiveness. The validity level is measured by the result of expert validation and the effectiveness measured by response of the students, process of learning and students learning complete in classical. The result shows the implementation of integration Islamic value and social value able to improve the students understanding, on the other hand, we can get the same result if we apply to the students or school that does not has good understanding of Islam,


Heavy tick burden on beef cattle account for huge economic losses globally, with an estimated value of US$22-30 billion per annum. In Australia, ticks cost the northern beef industry approximately A$170-200 million. Methods to evaluate and predict tick resistance would therefore be of great value to the global cattle trade. Exosomes (EX) are small extracellular vesicles (EVs) of ~30-150nm diameter and have gained popularity for their diagnostic and prognostic potential. EX contain, among other biomolecules, various types of RNA including micro-RNA (miRNA) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). MiRNA specifically have been validated as therapeutic biomarkers as they perform regulatory functions at the post-transcriptional level and are differentially expressed between divergent groups. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the miRNA profiles of EV and fractionated exosomal samples of high and low tick-resistant beef cattle to highlight potential miRNA biomarkers of tick resistance. Cows (n = 3/group) were classified into high or low tick resistant groups according to a novel scoring system. EVs and EX were isolated and fractionated from the blood plasma of high and low tick resistant cattle using established isolation and enrichment protocols. The resultant EX and non-EX samples were processed for next generation miRNA sequencing. Offspring of the cows in each high and low tick resistant group underwent the same processing for blood plasma EX, non-EX and miRNA analysis to evaluate the heritability of miRNA associated with tick resistance. A total of 2631 miRNAs were identified in EX and non-EX fractionated samples from high and low tick-resistant beef cattle. MiR-449a was highly expressed in maternal high tick-resistant EX samples. Of these, 174 were novel miRNAs, and 10 were differentially expressed (DE) (FDR < 0.05). These 10 DE miRNAs were also present in EVs, and three miRNAs were highly expressed: miR-2419-3p, miR-7861-3p and miR-2372-5p. Although 196 novel miRNAs were identified in fractionated samples of offspring, no miRNA were differentially expressed in these animals.


A favorable attitude towards computer use in learning and in everyday life is a condition of obtaining high performance in learning and later in the workplace. The aim of the current study is to analyze the levels of computer anxiety and self-efficacy for the high school students. Two questionnaires, Computer Anxiety Rating Scale (Heinssen, Glass, & Knight, 1987) and Computer Self-efficacy Scale (Compeau & Higgins, 1995) were administered in a paper-pencil format. The participants in this research were the high school students, boys and girls, who attend two urban schools, from the 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th grade. Data were analyzed using several criteria: age, gender, and experience in using computer and academic results. We expect higher levels of anxiety for girls, but lower levels of computer use self-efficacy. Students who used extensively computer in learning will have lower levels of anxiety than students, who have lees experience in using computer. Students who learned alone to operate on the computer will have a lower anxiety level compared with those who learned at school or with their friends. Students who have higher grades in computer science have a higher level of self-efficacy and adequate skills. The linear regression shows that the outcomes in computer science discipline may be explained by age, grade, scientific profile and computer self efficacy. The research results are useful in organizing learning situations which can reduce computer anxiety and promote training skills required for the computer use in learning and professionalization in the field of computers science.


The 13-vertex stannacarborane 1,6-Me(2)-4,1,6-closo-SnC(2)B(10)H(10) reacts with the Lewis bases 2,2'-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, 4,4'-dimethybipyridine and 4,4'-diphenylbipyridine, in toluene, to precipitate bright-yellow adducts 1,6-Me(2)-4-(L(2))-4,1,6-closo-SnC(2)B(10)H(10) (, respectively) in good yield. Compounds have been characterised by NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound is somewhat less stable in solution but has also been studied crystallographically. Adduct formation retains the docosahedral structure of 1,6-Me(2)-4,1,6-closo-SnC(2)B(10)H(10) but is accompanied by polyhedral distortion arising from significant increases in Sn-C and Sn-B2 distances. This distortion is described in terms of either a slipping or hinging of the {SnL(2)} fragment. In the molecular structures of it is evident that the Sn lone pair of electrons is stereochemically active since the L(2) ligand is clearly inclined with respect to the polyhedron. Both the inclination and orientation of L(2) are rationalised by the results of DFT calculations on 4,1,6-closo-SnC(2)B(10)H(12). Calculations on models of the adducts , and reproduce the structural distortion that accompanies adduct formation, but appear to underestimate somewhat the strength of Sn-L(2) bonding.


Tremendous efforts have been made these last decades to increase our knowledge of intracellular degradative systems, especially in the field of autophagy. The role of autophagy in the maintenance of cell homeostasis is well documented and the existence of defects in the autophagic machinery has been largely described in diseases and aging. Determining the alterations occurring in the many forms of autophagy that coexist in cells and tissues remains complicated, as this cellular process is highly dynamic in nature and can vary from organ to organ in the same individual. Although autophagy is extensively studied, its functioning in different tissues and its links with other biological processes is still poorly understood. Several assays have been developed to monitor autophagy activity in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo, based on different markers, the use of various inhibitors and activators, and distinct techniques. This review emphasizes the methods applied to measure (macro-)autophagy in tissue samples and in vivo via a protein, which centrally intervenes in the autophagy pathway, the microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (MAP1LC3), which is the most widely used marker and the first identified to associate with autophagosomal structures. These approaches are presented and discussed in terms of pros and cons. Some recommendations are provided to improve the reliability of the interpretation of results.


As transmigration to the UK has increased, so has the need for workers who can provide support to these new communities and carry out the interpretation of different languages. This paper examines the emotional labour of the bilingual worker role, a relatively new occupational group, from the perspective of bilingual workers themselves. They carry out interpretation work within communities of migrants that speak the worker's language but, unlike official translators, they usually only have lower level qualifications that only cover face-to-face interpretation skills. 'Bilingual work' involves the worker deploying their (usually) home language skills within the workplace. In the UK, such workers are employed within a host of public services and third sector organisations and are usually recent migrants themselves. This paper reports on an exploratory qualitative study of the emotional labour of 16 Polish bilingual workers, who are also recent migrants to the UK and work on the frontline within public service organisations. It demonstrates that various strategies are deployed to handle aspects emotional labour and that the stress of such work comes from both organisational expectations and from the difficult clients they often have to interpret for. The problems raised at work are shown to continue into the community environment, where means of coping appear to be grounded, where possible, in creating physical separation from one's own community.


The attempts by advocates of the Swedish piracy movement to create a religious grouping known as Kopimism, a new religion which takes as its main ideas the beliefs that all information is sacred and all information should be freely available, have opened up an important debate around the nature of information itself and the ways in which it can be conceived of as being sacralized: Information is holy, Code is law, Copying is sacrament, is the motto of the Kopimist movement, with cyberspace itself being viewed as a sacred space. There has been considerable debate around the validity of Kopimism as a religious entity and this paper explores the historical development of the movement, as well as the philosophical rationale behind what it claims to be its core beliefs.


Energy disaster is one of the major obstacles in the progress of human society. There are some on-going researches to overcome this for a sustainable environment. Green roof system is one of them which assist to reduce energy consumption of the buildings. The green roof system for a building involves a green roof that is partially or completely covered with vegetation and plant over a waterproofing membrane. Green roofs provide shade and remove heat from the air through evapotranspiration, reducing temperatures of the roof surface and the surrounding air. This paper reports the thermal performance of hybrid green roof system for a hot and humid subtropical climatic zone in Queensland, Australia. A thermal model is developed for the green roof system using ANSYS Fluent. Data were collected from two modelled rooms, one connected with green roof system and other non-green roof system. The rooms were built from two shipping containers and installed at Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia. Impact of air temperature on room cooling performance is assessed in this study. A temperature reduction of 0.95°C was observed in the room with green roof which will save energy cost in buildings. Only 1.7% variation in temperature was found in numerical result in comparison with experimental result.


As a result of the OECD/G20 project on base erosion profit shifting as well as the adoption of the EU anti-tax avoidance directive, many countries have recently introduced or strengthened general anti-avoidance rules (GAARs) in their tax treaties and domestic tax legislations. Arguably, such general anti-avoidance rules are turning the responsibility to obey the spirit of the law from a CSR expectation into a legal obligation. Against this background, it is discussed whether CSR can or should (still) play an important role with respect to measuring and guiding MNEs' tax planning behaviour. It is concluded that the widespread use of GAARs cannot be expected to eliminate or significantly reduce the need for CSR considerations and guidance – at least not in the foreseeable future, inter alia because these provisions bring along significant interpretive uncertainty and cannot be expected to prevent all tax planning that compromises the spirit of the tax legislation. Accordingly, instead of downplaying the role of CSR and responsible business conduct, it is suggested to update the chapter on taxation in the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises in order to provide better and more detailed guidance on how MNEs should strike a proper balance between tax planning and CSR.


The global positioning system (GPS) is the primary enabling technology for the modern communication, navigation, surveillance, and air traffic management (CNS/ATM) systems. However, many studies show that GPS services may be degraded or interrupted by radio frequency interference (RFI). In order to maintain normal positioning, navigation and timing services during GPS outages, the alternative positioning, navigation, and timing (APNT) system is proposed. In our previous studies, we developed a wide area multilateration (WAM) test-bed using the existing ADS-B data link at 1090 MHz to perform the differential time of arrival (DTOA) positioning algorithms. We found that the positioning performance was adequate when an aircraft is near the ground WAM stations, but insufficient when the aircraft is a certain distance away from the ground WAM stations network. The main reason is that the geometric distribution of ground WAM stations is not sufficient when the aircraft is far away. In order to enhance the positioning performance of the WAM system, we proposed in our previous paper using the relative bearing angle measurement between the aircraft and ADS-B ground station, and the relative bearing angle algorithm can be considered as an independent positioning opportunity to the DTOA algorithm. Our preliminary simulation results indicated about a 30% improvement in the dilution of precision (DOP) if one could combine the DTOA measurement and the relative bearing angle measurement for positioning.

In this paper we investigate techniques to obtain the actual angle of arrival (AOA) measurement from the existing ADS-B data link at 1090 MHz. Our approach is to use USRPs based ADS-B software receivers to measure the phase difference of the incoming ADS-B signal at the each receiver. The phase difference could be utilized to compute the corresponding AOA measurement. The first task is to identify multiple aircraft from the received ADS-B signals at the same 1090 MHz in order to associate the phase difference measurements with the corresponding aircraft. Therefore, our USRP-based ADSB receiver first decodes ADS-B messages to identify the aircraft ICAO number and records the I/Q data at the same time. A coherent phase detection process is required to successfully estimate the phase difference between two receivers, and the GPS disciplined oscillator (GPSDO) is applied in the experiment. One issue that also needs to be resolved is the initial phase offset between two synchronized receivers, and the resolution techniques are also discussed in this paper. With the phase difference observations of a receiver pair, a transformation computation is needed to convert the phase difference to the AOA estimation. We are interested in the horizontal positioning, as the one-dimensional AOA measurement is projected onto a horizontal plane. In the last part of the paper, there is a simulation of the 2-D multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm to demonstrate the feasibility of this method.


Minimization of labeling effort for person re-identification in camera networks is an important problem as most of the existing popular methods are supervised and they require large amount of manual annotations, acquiring which is a tedious job. In this work, we focus on this labeling effort minimization problem and approach it as a subset selection task where the objective is to select an optimal subset of image-pairs for labeling without compromising performance. Towards this goal, our proposed scheme first represents any camera network (with k number of cameras) as an edge weighted complete k-partite graph where each vertex denotes a person and similarity scores between persons are used as edge-weights. Then in the second stage, our algorithm selects an optimal subset of pairs by solving a triangle free subgraph maximization problem on the k-partite graph. This sub-graph weight maximization problem is NP-hard (at least for k = 4) which means for large datasets the optimization problem becomes intractable. In order to make our framework scalable, we propose two polynomial time approximately-optimal algorithms. The first algorithm is a 1/2-approximation algorithm which runs in linear time in the number of edges. The second algorithm is a greedy algorithm with sub-quadratic (in number of edges) time-complexity. Experiments on three state-of-the-art datasets depict that the proposed approach requires on an average only 8-15% manually labeled pairs in order to achieve the performance when all the pairs are manually annotated.