The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in self competence between children from multicultural families and children from Korean families, and to study how interparental conflict and peer relationship influence the self competence of children. The subjects of the present study were 138 children of multicultural families and 254 children of Korean families in the 3rd or 4th grade in Seoul, Daegu, Gyeong-gi province, and Gyeong-buk province. The instruments of measurement were the Children"s Perception of Interparental Conflict, Friendship and the Perceived Competence Scale for Children. Date were analyzed by independent samples T-test, MANCOVA, ANCOVA and multiple regression using the SPSS program. The results showed there was significant difference in the self competence of children between those from multicultural families and those from Korean families, but there was no significant difference when income was controlled. Second, for children of multicultural families, gender, income, and the intensity of interparental conflict had significant influence on self competence while gender, aid, conflict, and disclosure of negative affect in friendship, and being a peacemaker in interparental conflict influenced self competence significantly in the case of children of Korean families.


Summary

1
The capercaillie Tetrao urogallus and black grouse Tetrao tetrix are declining in the UK, and low breeding success has been identified as the key factor in the decline of the former. To investigate possible causes, breeding productivity was studied in relation to predation, weather, vegetation changes and deer numbers over an 11-year period (1989–99) within native pinewood at Abernethy Forest, Scotland. The abundance of predators (crows Corvus corone and red foxes Vulpes vulpes) was experimentally manipulated in 1992–96 by culling. Productivity (chicks reared per female) was compared between forests with and without experimental predator management.

2
During predator control, the number of breeding crows was reduced from 10 pairs to one. The attempted reduction in red fox abundance was unsuccessful; only small numbers of adults were killed, and neither scat nor den counts declined significantly.

3
Predation on artificial nests containing six hen eggs and a hen egg filled with wax was measured as an index of predator activity from 1991 to 1999. Predation was lowest during the last three years of predator control, 1994–96. Predators could sometimes be distinguished by signs on depredated eggs. Predation on artificial nests by crows was highest during 1991–93. However, after predator removal stopped in 1997 few crows returned, and increased predation on artificial nests did not involve increased signs of crow predation. Pine marten Martes martes numbers increased during the study period and became significant predators of artificial nests.

4
The total number of capercaillie eggs and nests depredated by crows was estimated from the number of depredated capercaillie eggs found and the proportion of crow-predated hen eggs in artificial nests. The values ranged from 18 to 158 eggs over 3 years, equivalent to 3–23 capercaillie nests year−1.

5
Capercaillie productivity was low (< 1 chick per female) during 1989–93 and 1997–99 but higher during 1994–96. Compared with nine other forests in Scotland, changes in capercaillie productivity at Abernethy were different. Productivity at Abernethy was negatively related to June rainfall, and to the minimum daily predation rate on artificial nests by crows. There was also a significant interaction in that capercaillie were most productive when low rainfall coincided with low predation by crows on artificial nests.

6
The productivities of black grouse and capercaillie were positively correlated, but greater in the former. As in capercaillie, black grouse productivity was negatively related both to June rainfall and the minimum daily predation rate on artificial nests by crows, and there was an interaction.

7
Synthesis and applications. The long-term increase in crows and red foxes and the predicted increase in rainfall in Scotland may have negative effects on capercaillie and black grouse. In the short term, control of crows is likely to improve productivity. In the long term, increased woodland size and some reversal of fragmentation might decrease the access to woodland of predators associated with the interface between farmland and woodland.


The article presents main issues of Tallinn Charter (2008) that concerns functioning health systems, theirs influence on health and wealth of society. Health systems are diverse, but share common set of functions. Theirs effective performance contribute, not only to improving health, but also to participation in labour market and socioeconomical development of country.


This document specifies the use of Timed Efficient Stream Loss-
tolerant Authentication (TESLA) -- a source authentication mechanism
for multicast or broadcast data streams -- with IPsec ESP. In addition
to the source authentication using TESLA, group authentication of the
ESP packet can be provided using a shared symmetric group key. Thus,
the proposed extension to ESP combines group secrecy, group
authentication, and source authentication transforms in an ESP packet.


Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors and it is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. For early-stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), surgical resection is the treatment of choice, but the 5-year survival is still unsatisfying, ranging from 60% to 36% depending on the disease stage. Multimodality treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy did not lead to clinically relevant results, improving survival rates by only 5%. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are being studied as neoadjuvant treatment for resectable NSCLC too, after the satisfactory results obtained in stage IV disease. Several clinical trials are evaluating the safety and feasibility of neoadjuvant immunotherapy and their early findings suggest that ICIs could be better tolerated than standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy and more effective in reducing cancer local recurrence and metastasis. The aim of this review is to retrace the most relevant results of the completed and the ongoing clinical trials, in terms of efficacy and safety, but also to face the open challenges regarding ICIs in neoadjuvant setting for resectable NSCLC.


Computer simulations have been carried out to test the theory of the origin of the `white-line effect' in diffraction patterns of some mixed charge-transfer salts put forward by Ravy, Pouget & Comes (1992) [J. Phys. I France, 2, 1173–1190]. The diffraction patterns shown confirm that the pinning of charge-density waves to defects is responsible for the effect. The magnitudes of the atomic displacements, which were assumed to be small in development of the theory, are shown to be crucial for the effect to be observed. For displacements of ~0.008 A, the phenomena are clearly visible, but for magnitudes of only ~0.08 A they become masked by higher-order diffraction effects.


We report a case with multiple disseminated intraperitoneal metastases caused by the rupture of large hepatocellular carcinoma. A 52-year-old man was admitted due to sudden abdominal pain with progressive abdominal distention. Computed tomography showed a 5x7-cm low-attenuation mass in the right hepatic lobe and hemoperitoneum was demonstrated. He was taken for emergency hepatic angiography and hepatic arterial chemoembolization was done. Ten days after embolization, right lobectomy was performed successfully. Microscopic examination confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma. After 4 months, follow-up computed tomography showed a 2-cm-sized irregular-shaped mass at the right great omentum. A second surgery for omentectomy with mass excision was performed. Three months later, splenectomy and segmental resection of the colon was performed. Five months later, metastatic lymph node was detected around the head of the pancreas. Mass excision was then performed. Microscopically, all resected tumors were confirmed as metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient underwent resection of multiple intraperitoneal metastases three times for 1 year after resection of ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma and is currently disease free for 15 months. Hepatic resection is the treatment of choice for ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma but dissemination of tumor cells in the peritoneal cavity should be kept in mind. Even if intraperitoneal metastases develop, long-term survival could be possible with aggressive surgical treatment.


Trichomes of Hedera L. taxa have long been used as an important character in delimiting species. Hedera exhibits two distinct trichome types: scale-like and stellate. This study examined the trichome variation in sixteen currently recognized Hedera taxa using scanning electron microscopy. Measurements of trichome morphology were taken, and variation among taxa compared. Of the taxa with scale-like trichomes, H. maderensis Rutherford subsp. maderensis has the largest overall length, longest rays, and largest fusion of rays. Of the species with stellate trichomes, H. helix has the largest overall, and also has the longest rays and widest rays.


This paper highlights the modeling capabilities of UFPV approach for the modeling of turbulent partially premixed lifted flames to capture the extinction and re-ignition phenomena. Large eddy simulation (LES) with the probability density function (PDF) approach provides the turbulence-chemistry interaction. All scalars are represented as a function of mean mixture fraction, mixture fraction variance, mean progress variable and scalar dissipation rate. Mixture fraction is assumed to follow a β-PDF distribution. Progress variable and scalar dissipation rate distributions are assumed to be a -PDF. Results are compared with experimental data of a vitiated co-flow burner with fuels like CH4/Air and H2/N2. Results of radial plots for temperature, mixture fraction and scattered data of temperature with mixture fraction at various axial locations are compared. Lift-off height for a CH4/Air flame appears to be over-predicted while the predicted lift-off height for a H2/N2 flame shows an under-prediction.


Objective To study the rapid propagation in vitro of Dioscorea opposita'Guangfeng', and to observe the stomas of the transplanting plantlets and potted seedlings, to test chromosome ploidy by FCM, and to detect DNA mutation by ISSR,in order to provide the technical basis for the large-scale production of Dioscorea opposita 'Guangfeng' plantlets. Methods The technique system of Dioscorea opposita 'Guangfeng'rapid propagation in vitro was established and optimized by plant tissue culture method. The parameters of transplanting plantlets and potted seedlings were studied as follows, the stomatal parameters were observed by transparent adhesive tape method, chromosome ploidy were analyzed by FCM, and DNA mutation were detected by ISSR molecular marker. Results The technique system of Dioscorea opposite 'Guangfeng' rapid propagation in vitro was as follows, slightly woody stem segment with a bud were selected and inoculated onto MS + KT 1 mg / L + NAA 0. 2 mg / L solid culture medium and cultured in the photoperiod of 14 h / d( the temperature was( 25 ± 2) ℃ and light intensity was 1 500 ~ 2 000 Lx) after disinfected for 1 min in 70% alcohol prior to sterilized for 12 min with 0. 1% Hg Cl2,the materials were washed with sterile water for 3 times, respectively. The new bud was cut off when it grew to 2 ~ 3cm and inoculated into MS + KT 2 mg / L + NAA 0. 5 mg / L liquid culture medium and continued to culture in above culture conditions. The whole plant was formed after cultured for about 90 d. The sealing membrane was opened in transplanting, and the plantlets was still placed in above culture conditions and cultured for 2 ~ 3 d, and then the whole plant was taken out, and the culture medium washed off and then transferred into the vessel with shallow liquid MS basic culture medium and domesticated indoor. The acclimated plantlets were taken out and transplanted in the outdoor pots with the sandy soil when the new shoots grew out, and watered one time with tap water in the morning and evening per day, the survival rate reached 100%. The results of stomatal observation, FCM analysis and ISSR detection of transplanting plantlets and potted seedlings showed that the stomatal parameters, chromosome ploidy and DNA mutation of plantlets and potted seedlings had no variation. Conclusion The results reveal that the establishment and optimization of the technique system of Dioscorea opposita 'Guangfeng' rapid propagation in vitro is feasible, and the regenerated plants do not have genetic variation which can ensure the stability of the genetic.


Abstract Sunflower crop residue, a mixture of stalks and heads, contained 65.4% dry matter, and dry matter was 6.1% crude protein, 66.9% neutral detergent fiber, 56.6% acid detergent fiber, 15.7% lignin, and 12.6% total ash. In vitro dry matter and cell wall digestibilities were 40.6 and 31.4%. Sixteen Holstein heifers (mean weight 247 kg) were assigned to one of four rations containing 0, 8, 16, or 32% sunflower residue (dry matter). Mid-bloom alfalfa hay and a grain mixture (corn, soybean meal, dicalcium phosphate, vitamins A, D, and E) were 30 and 20% of dry matter with corn silage providing the remaining dry matter. Weight gains during a 70-d trial were 1.31, 1.18, .91, and .98 kg/d for 0, 8, 16, and 32% sunflower residue. Dry matter digestibilities decreased with increased sunflower residue in the ration. Ruminal propionate (mol/100 mol total volatile fatty acids) decreased with increasing sunflower residue, resulting in higher acetate-to-propionate ratios. Total volatile fatty acids, ruminal pH, and ammonia concentrations were not different among diets. With proper supplementation, sunflower crop residue was an acceptable roughage up to 32% of total ration dry matter for growing Holstein heifers.


Objective Preliminary data indicate that predominant positive symptoms are predictive of subsequent treatment response, while negative and cognitive symptoms are associated with poor outcome. Purpose of the present study was to investigate the relation between the predominant clinical dimension, duration of illness and acute antipsychotic response in a sample of schizophrenic inpatients. Methods Fifty-one schizophrenic inpatients, receiving an antipsychotic mono-therapy, were dimensionally assessed at the admission in the Acute Psychiatric Unit of the University of Milan. Treatment response was selected as parameter of outcome and defined as a reduction >50% of baseline total The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) score. Demographic and clinical variables between responders and non-responders were compared using one-way analysis of variance for continuous variables and χ2 test for dichotomous ones. Binary logistic regression was performed to find if dimensional scores and duration of illness were associated with acute antipsychotic response. Results A longer duration of illness was found in non-responders respect to responders (15.61 years vs. 8.28 years)(F=4.98, p=0.03). Higher scores on PANSS positive sub-scale (OR=1.3, p=0.03), lower scores on cognitive PANSS scores (OR=0.75, p=0.05) and shorter duration of illness (OR=0.93, p=0.04) were found to be predictive of acute antipsychotic response. Conclusion These preliminary results show that a long duration of illness as well as a more severe cognitive impairment is predictive of treatment non-response, indicating a worse outcome for chronic patients with predominant cognitive symptoms.


Summary Background Common skin tumors like basal- and squamous-cell carcinoma present a serious problem in modern medicine. Exposure to ultraviolet solar radiation is the main cause of these lesions. Since application of Aldara® and PDT separately is well documented, we decided to use both methods together. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of local photodynamic therapy supplemented with topical application of Aldara® in basal-cell carcinoma. Material/Methods Thirty-four patients ages 50 to 68 years were enrolled to the trial and underwent PDT treatment. Each case of BCC was histopathologically confirmed. Ten patients were subjected to local Levulan®-PDT and placebo (Eucerin as vehicle cream), and 24 patients were subjected to Levulan®-PDT and imiquimod. Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) was used to detect and visualize suspicious foci (including cancer lesions). Results In the group of patients who were treated using Levulan®-PDT and placebo, 6 patients (60%) were totally cured and 4 lesions (40%) significantly decreased in size. In the group of patients treated with Levulan®-PDT and imiquimod, 18 lesions totally disappeared (75%), 6 lesions significantly diminished, and in 1 patient small foci of previously excised BCC developed again in scar tissue 10 month after the first control examination. Conclusions Cure was achieved without any scarring and with very good cosmetic effects. Although this is the preliminary report, the presented modification of PDT seems to be reasonable and promising in treating basal-cell carcinoma.


In order to describe adequately the national organization of police, it is necessary to distinguish the number of autonomous forces, the coordination of jurisdictions among them, and the territorial and functional distribution of commands within them. Among the five English-speaking countries of Australia, Canada, Great Britain, India, and the United States, the number as well as the coordination of forces varies sharply. As a result, differences in scale are so great as to call into question the value of using either forces or police stations as units of managerial analysis. Surprisingly, the scale of jurisdictions does not affect the number of command levels within forces. One implication of this is that the concept of centralization/decentralization must be grounded in considerations of scale. Differences in national structures of policing depend on political settlements achieved at the time countries were formed. Differences in functional organization are smaller among countries than structural ones, and they depend on professional outlooks shared internationally. Finally, very little is known about the effects of police organization on goals and objectives. The entire subject is shrouded in unexamined assumptions often unintelligently applied.


The authors investigated ways to improve the results of rehabilitation during the course of their clinical practice. During the last 2 years, amputation was performed on 136 patients and 50 patients were supplied with temporary protheses. 38 patients out of 50 answered the question form supplied. After analysis of the question form, the authors summarized the possibilities to improve the results of prolonged mobilisation and rehabilitation. This programme stresses the need for 1. early mobilisation-teaching to walk and 2. care of body and soul.


The requirements of high-speed transoceanic transmission on optical fibers dictate that the line regenerators exhibit an unusual combination of high performance and high reliability. We describe the design and the measured performance of the regenerators developed for a transatlantic system targeted for deployment in 1988.


Translation readers' interest in classic or modern texts determines the translation trend in any society and culture. Not surprisingly, in the context of Iran where Irfan and mysticism have a long history, rich literature and cultural roots, translations of mystical books have received more attention. One literary work that has come to the center of attention is the novel Aşk written by the Turkish author Elif Şafak (2010) and translated as Mellat-e Eshgh into Persian by the famous Iranian translator, Arsalan Fasihi. The purpose of the present paper was to study from a cultural point of view how this translated novel has been received in Iran. To serve the purpose of the study and in light of the Juass's reception theory, the researchers chose to interview five participants including the translator of the book. The results of the study revealed that the Persian translation of Aşk is well-received in Iran. It is argued that the role of the translator, the genre of the book, proper timing and locality, and the role of the publication and distribution are the most important causes behind the popularity of the translated novel.


Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a common and serious illness despite the availability of potent new anti-microbial agents and effective vaccines. In these study 200 cases of community acquired pneumonia. The cases included were patients aged more than 14 years admitted to the Dept. of Medicine, Dr. BRAM Hospital, Raipur fulfilling the specified inclusion criteria. It was found that CAP is one of the common infections of the respiratory tract. It occurs in all age groups, but the incidence is more with advancing age. Mortality rates progressively increase with increasing risk class in Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) severity scoring system. By using the knowledge of these criteria, patients of CAP can be better prognosticated as regards severity of their illness with consequently better triaging of patients, utilization of resources and appropriate treatment to improve the outcome in this disease.


OBJECTIVES
This study compared the color stability, water sorption, and solubility of a giomer composite and two nanohybrid composite resins.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Disc-shaped specimens (1-mm thickness × 15-mm diameter) of a giomer (Beautifil II, Shofu, Kyoto, Japan) and two nanohybrid (Filtek Z550, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA; Tetric N-Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) composites (N = 10) were prepared. Baseline color measurements were taken, and specimens were immersed in water for 28 days. Following immersion, color values were remeasured, and color-change values (ΔE) were calculated. Water sorption and solubility were assessed by mass gain or loss after storage in water for 28 days. Data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc tests (p = 0.05). Pearson's correlation test was used to assess possible correlations between water sorption and solubility, water sorption and color stability, and solubility and color stability (p = 0.05).

RESULTS
Water sorbtion (%) and color change (ΔE) varied significantly among groups, with Beautifil II exhibiting the highest values (p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were observed in water solubility values among the groups (p = 0.661); however, a linear, positive correlation was detected between solubility and discoloration (r = 0.368, p = 0.046).

CONCLUSION
Water sorption and discoloration values of the giomer composite group were significantly higher than those of the nanohybrids tested.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The high levels of water sorption and discoloration of giomer composites are likely to have an adverse effect on esthetic restorations.


Purpose - The main objective of the present study was to know the impact of work life balance on employment turnover intentions with mediating effect of work exhaustion and organizational commitment. Design/Methodology/Approach - The inputs to the analysis were the information collected from the field by administering fully structure close-ended questionnaire. The respondents were identified through judgmental and convenient techniques of sampling. These questionnaires were then distributed to the employees in the office. The questionnaires were employed through direct interviews. The questionnaire consisted of various questions with regard to the demographic profile of the respondents, their perception towards work life balance, organizational commitment, work exhaustion and turnover intentions. Findings - It was found that there is negative correlation between work life balance and organizational commitment. The relationship between work life balance and work exhaustion was found positively correlated. It was observed that there was negative correlation between organizational commitment and employee turnover intentions. The relationship between work exhaustion and turnover intentions was found positively correlated. When there is high work exhaustion there is high level of turnover intentions, and when there is low work exhaustion there is low level of turnover intentions. It was also found that gender has no impact on work life balance. Overall it was found that work life balance is moderate in the printing industry.


Seed priming and drying condition effects were investigated immediately after seed-priming and 9 week after the storage. In this experiment, carrot seeds of 'Forto C.V.' were used. These seeds were individually primed for 10 days at 20 degrees C and in PEG (6000) (273 g L(-1)) and KNO3 (200 mmol) solutions. Then they were dried for 1 and 2 h at 15, 25 and 30 degrees C, respectively. One part of the seeds was stored at 5 degrees C in RH/45% For 9 week. Chemical priming effects, drying temperature as well as germination temperature on different traits especially germination percentage were significant. However, drying time had no significant effect on germination percentage after storage period. PEG priming and drying at 25 degrees C for 2 h provided the best condition for germination percentage. Using the best material for pre-priming, along with suitable drying management with appropriate quality and good conditions of the storage is important.


The Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer satellite-borne ozone monitoring instrument and its radiometric calibration are described. BaSO4 diffusers used as part of the calibration transfer optics were found to be unstable, losing up to 6.5% total reflectance at 230 nm over five years. The resulting calibration errors were corrected after the instrument was in orbit by using data gathered when a more stable aluminum diffuser was used. A small spectral irradiance disagreement between FEL and D2 lamps is described.


Electronic HRM (eHRM) is assumed to strengthen the position of HRM as a business partner by promising strategic benefits. Empirical support for this assumption, however, mostly comes from studies conducted in developed economies. Yet eHRM adoption in the emerging economy context remains poorly understood as is how eHRM can result in strategic benefits. We argue that the difference between an emerging economy compared to that of a developed economy affects the adoption of eHRM in multinational corporation (MNC) subsidiaries. In order to investigate which extrinsic factors of a firm in an emerging economy context play a role in the adoption of eHRM, we conducted semistructured interviews in 11 subsidiaries in Indonesia. We found that headquarters' influence and the available resources have a strong influence on eHRM adoption in Indonesia


Environmental issues are often controversial and involve a range of possible viewpoints or attitudes. They are poorly understood hi the general population and, even amongst well respected scientists, there is often little consensus as to the causes and effects of environmental problems. Teachers are sometimes accused of exacerbating this situation by indoctrinating children with simplistic 'green slogans', rather than teaching a deeper understanding of the complexity of the issues. However, the advice provided for teachers is contradictory: much of the literature on teaching environmental issues encourages teachers to promote pro-environmental attitudes or behaviour, whilst simultaneously encouraging independence of thought amongst their students. Literature on teaching environmental and other controversial issues suggests several possible teaching strategies, but all are open to criticism on varying grounds and therefore provide little in the way of guidance for teachers. This study examines the beliefs and practices of three experienced geography teachers in relation to teaching about controversial environmental issues in the Schools' Council 16-19 A level course. This course was one of the first to embrace the teaching of controversial environmental issues, and provides explicit guidance for teachers on the development of students' environmental attitudes. Using unstructured observation, and informant-style interviews with the teachers and their sixth form students, the research investigates the similarities and differences between the teachers' beliefs and practices, and considers the educational problems and possibilities with teaching controversial environmental issues. The findings reveal a substantial divergence between the teachers' beliefs and the espoused aims of both the environmental education literature and the 16-19 syllabus. These teachers reject the aim of promoting pro-environmental attitudes in favour of a form of balanced learning. This involves the twin aims of providing access to a diversity of viewpoints, whilst maintaining a stance of non-intervention, by which they hope to encourage students to make independent decisions about appropriate environmental behaviour. A variety of imaginative teaching strategies are utilised in the pursuit of these aims. However, the findings of this study also illustrate the difficulties encountered by these teachers in trying to implement their beliefs, problems which can be explained by the influence of various constraints, such as the syllabus and examinations, the students' behaviour and characteristics, the subject matter being taught, and the teachers' own knowledge, pedagogical skills, and attitudes.


Abstract Background Few reports exist on pre-engraftment cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNAemia in allogeneic blood or marrow transplant (allo BMT) recipients. We describe this clinical entity, its management, and the potential effect of 3 different quantitative CMV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) tests used during the 6-year study period. Methods We performed a retrospective, single-center study of allo BMT recipients from 2010 to 2015 who developed CMV DNAemia before neutrophil recovery (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] <1000 cells/mm3, "pre-engraftment CMV") or who became neutropenic concomitant with detectable CMV DNA ("peri-engraftment CMV"). Clinical data were collected from the electronic medical record. Results Among 1151 adult allo BMT patients, 73 developed CMV DNAemia before engraftment or while neutropenic after initial engraftment. Most patients were eventually treated (valganciclovir or ganciclovir, N = 68; foscarnet, N = 1); 4 were not treated. First CMV detection occurred at median day +12 (range, 0–48), but treatment was not started until median day +33 (range, 4–105) at median ANC of 760 cells/mm3. Six patients had peak viral loads >5000 IU/mL; none had tissue-invasive disease. One developed ganciclovir resistance. No significant differences were observed upon stratification by quantitative CMV DNA test. Conclusions Cytomegalovirus DNA was detected in 6.3% of pre- and peri-engraftment allo-HSCT patients. Ganciclovir derivatives were commonly used for treatment despite risk of neutropenia. Treatment was typically deferred until CMV DNA and ANC rose. With rare exceptions, this treatment strategy did not appear to have adverse clinical consequences with respect to acute CMV. Different CMV DNA quantification tests used performed similarly from a clinical perspective despite different analytical performance characteristics.


Information Literacy encompasses knowing how to use various tools to retrieve, evaluate, use and communicate information in an ethical way. In a knowledge society, information literacy plays major role in enabling people to independently find information and use it whenever need arises. st In this 21 century, it is not enough to be merely Information Communication Technology (ICT) literate but one will need literacy that helps the use of these applications and tools. This paper is based on the assumption that libraries have a pivotal role to play in knowledge society. It explains the importance of Information Literacy and opportunities for libraries to improve services through ICT as well as the challenges of Information Literacy Instruction, and charged government ministries with responsibility for the planning, budgeting and periodic monitoring of  Information Literacy initiatives, in close consultation with the education, culture and other relevant agencies.
Keywords: Library services, Information professionals , Information Literacy,  Knowledge Society.


Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL

Chronic stress is known to promote tumor growth by activating the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) with resultant increases in norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E). In contrast to NE and E, dopamine (DA) levels are low under chronic stress conditions. We have recently demonstrated that dopamine replacement in mice exposed to daily restraint stress can reverse the stimulatory effects of NE and E on ovarian cancer growth. Ovarian tumor tissues from stressed mice treated with dopamine showed significant increases in pericyte coverage of tumor microvessels. The focus of the current study was to examine the mechanisms by which dopamine treatment affected pericyte coverage of tumor endothelial cells under stress conditions. Female nude mice were subjected to chronic stress using the restraint-stress procedure. Tumor formation was induced by injecting the SKOV3 ip1 or HeyA8 ovarian cancer cells into the peritoneal cavity. Stressed and non-stressed mice were divided into four treatment groups: Control (PBS), DA, DA plus butaclamol (DR1 antagonist) and DA plus eticlopride (DR2 antagonist). Following therapy, harvested tumors were examined for microvessel density (MVD), vascular maturation (pericyte coverage) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Expression of DA receptors (DR1-DR5) was analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Mice exposed to daily restraint stress showed 2-fold increased SKOV3ip1-tumor growth compared to non-stressed mice; treatment with DA alone resulted in 78% (p<0.01) decrease in tumor growth and 68% (p<0.01) decrease in MVD compared to control stressed mice. Similarly, DA/butaclamol combined treatment led to 71% (p<0.01) reduction in tumor growth and a 65% (p<0.01) decrease in MVD. Eticlopride in combination with DA reversed the inhibitory effects of DA on tumor growth. Furthermore, in stressed mice, daily dopamine treatment resulted in significant increase in pericyte coverage (51.4%; p<0.001) compared to controls. This effect was abrogated by butaclamol (44%; p<0.01), but not by eticlopride treatment. Similar results were obtained in stressed mice bearing HeyA8-tumors. In T10.5-pericyte like cells, treatment with DA, DA plus NE, DA agonist: [SKF38393][1] or PDGFBB increased significantly cell migration. No significant changes were noted with NE alone or DA plus butaclamol treatments. In MOEC, no significant changes in cell migration were observed under these experimental conditions. Collectively, our data indicate that DA, acting through DR1, could stimulate recruitment of pericytes to tumor endothelial cells, and promote vascular maturation.

Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 406. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-406

 [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=GENPEPT&access_num=SKF38393&atom=%2Fcanres%2F71%2F8_Supplement%2F406.atom


Self-assembled GaN microdisks, micro- and nanorods were grown by a mask-free and self-catalyzed metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy method. The morphology of the structures is analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. All rods have a hexagonal shape with smooth sidewall facets and sharp edges. Depending on the deposition of a GaN nucleation layer prior to growth of GaN rod structures the diameter of the rods can be adjusted. Nanorods with diameters down to 400 nm as well as microrods and disks with diameters up to 5 µm can be achieved. The optical properties of the rods are investigated utilizing a combined scanning electron microscopy and cathodoluminescence system. Electron beam excitiation of GaN rods leads to a typical GaN spectrum showing GaN near band edge emission at 369 nm and broad yellow defect luminescence at 560 nm. Enhanced emission is located at the top of the rod. By fixing the focussed electron beam at a sidewall position of a single GaN rod, whispering gallery modes are observed in the cathodoluminescence spectrum. Depending on the diameter of the micro-/nanorods the spectral position of the modes as well as the spectral distance between the modes can be adjusted. Quality factors up to 475 are measured. (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Abstract If the deviation of mean flow from mean temperature contours is small, it is shown that a part of the eddy heat flux can be separated out which circulates around eddy potential energy contours, and has a component up/down the mean temperature gradient if there is flow advection of eddy potential energy into/out of the region. If the mean flow is strong, this rotational flux is large and results in regions of up- and downgradient flux. It is a prominent feature of maps of geostrophic eddy fluxes in the ocean and atmosphere.


Goal-driven autonomy (GDA) agents reason about goals while introspectively examining if their course of action matches their expectations. Many GDA agents adopt a hierarchical planning model to generate plans but limit reasoning with expectations to individual actions or projecting the expected state. In this paper we present a relaxation of this limitation. Taking advantage of hierarchical planning principles, our GDA agent elicits expectations that not only validate the next action but the overall plan trajectory without requiring validation against the complete state. We report on (1) a formalization of GDA's expectations that covers trajectories, (2) an implementation of these ideas and (3) benchmarking on two domains used in the GDA literature.


Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures have become the foremost prevalent metal oxide materials for technological applications due to their tunable optical properties. However, a simple, cheap and green method is required for the mass production of these nanostructures. In the present investigation ball-milling technique was used to tune the band gap of ZnO nanocrystallites. Samples were synthesized using metallic Zn powder and distilled water via wet-milling followed by dry-milling. The crystallite size of the ZnO samples were determined in the range of 24.9 – 22.0 nm depending on the dry milling time. UV-vis absorbance measurements and Kubelka-Munk theory were used to calculate the band gap of the ZnO nanocrystallites. The energy band gap of the samples was successfully tuned in the range of 3.15 3.02 eV depending on the nanocrystallite size. This behavior was explained by the surface states and energy traps on the band edge, created by delocalization of molecular orbitals.


Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) is a key antioxidant enzyme that prevents reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage to biological tissues. Although Mn-SOD has been investigated for a variety of cells, little is known about its expression in the tendon, particularly in the stress-deprived condition. The present study demonstrated that Mn-SOD is excessively expressed in the cultured fibroblasts derived from the stress-deprived patellar tendon in the rat using subtractive hybridization analysis. In addition, we confirmed that the expression of Mn-SOD is up-regulated in the stress-deprived patellar tendon in vivo at both the mRNA and protein levels. These results suggest that Mn-SOD may play a role in regulating ROS and matrix degradation involving mechanical deterioration of the stress-deprived tendon tissue.


At present, the thickener market is relatively advanced. Only by imparting thickeners with new properties can they meet the needs of the current market. In this work, a new modified tackifying dispersant poly (vinyl alcohol-acrylic acid-triallyl cyanate) (PVA-AA-t) was prepared via alcoholysis of a random copolymer composed of vinyl acetate (VAc), acrylic acid (AA), and triallyl cyanate (TAC) by a one-step high-temperature solution polymerization in methanol, which was a relatively simple method. The structure of the polymer was characterized by FTIR and TG. FTIR proved the successful synthesis of PVA-AA-t, while TG showed the thermal stability of PVA-AA-t at around 100 °C. The excellent thickening properties of the PVA-AA-t were observed using a nano particle size analyzer and a rotary viscometer. The nano particle size analyzer showed that the PVA-AA-t particles swelled in water to nearly nine times their initial size. The rotary viscometer showed that the viscosity of PVA-AA-t in water increased significantly, while PVA-AA-t was sensitive to electrolytes and pH, which changed the polymer molecular chain from stretched to curled, resulting in a decrease in viscosity. In addition, the dispersion properties of PVA-AA-t and a common thickener as graphene (Gr) dispersants were compared. The results indicate that PVA-AA-t has very good compatibility with Gr, and can effectively disperse Gr, because of the introduction of weak polar molecules (VAc) to the polymer molecules, changing their polarity, meaning that it is possible to use PVA-AA-t in the dispersion of Gr and other industrial applications (such as conductive textile materials, Gr batteries, etc.) derived from it.


The following article explain the general concepts of the Model of the River (Kawa) generated from an Eastern / Japanese Cosmology, offering a view and a qualitative assessment and intervention tool fully focused on the narrative of the client, represented by the metaphor of a river, through which, it show the central elements of existence (proposed by the theory) and those meaningful symbols incorporated by the individual, providing a historical overview and key moments at the same time. At this research are included four case studies developed by Chilean Occupational Therapy students at Universidad Mayor, with clients at different life stages, educational level and health condition, inside of a wider project, orientated to translate and to adapt the Model to the Spanish language and the Hispanic and latin context, introducing an initial discussion about the cultural potentialities and implications for the discipline using this model in Chile and Latin America.


This dissertation examines the labor market outcomes of a population of natives and immigrants in Sweden from 1968 and until 2001. Previous research has consistently pointed to the importance of an individual's country of origin, without being able to fully explain why this is the case. The standard approach is to use the country of origin as a way to measure everything occurring prior to migration, including linguistic and cultural differences from the destination country. Using unique information on an immigrant's experience prior to migration, this thesis differentiates some of the mechanisms which are usually merged into the country of origin effect. Including measurements of language skills, labor market experience, formal education and early-life conditions, the thesis empirically estimates the magnitude of their effects on immigrants' post-migration labor market outcomes. The thesis furthermore assumes a full career perspective and examines the influence of such pre-migration factors on the immigrants' entire labor market career in Sweden. In the initial transition to the Swedish labor market, the influence of language skills is shown to be important for highly-skilled immigrants in particular. This finding is consistent with the expectation that communicative skills are more highly valued in occupations that require advanced formal skills. This is supported by the finding that those highly-skilled immigrants who are familiar with a language belonging to the Swedish language family experience a considerably more favorable transition to the Swedish labor market compared to those characterized by a greater linguistic distance. Still, among the immigrants in high-skill occupations prior to migration, labor market experience obtained prior to migration is also associated with a positive and non-negligible effect on the initial transition to the Swedish labor market. According to the results of the thesis, worse labor market outcomes for immigrants could also be caused by health conditions experienced during infancy, measured as the infant mortality rate. Establishing that conditions at the time of the individual's birth are associated with attained adult income is therefore another key finding of this thesis. Furthermore, as individuals' outcomes are observed at an age empirically shown to be a good predictor of lifetime earnings, this indeed suggests that an individual born under comparatively adverse conditions is likely to become permanently disadvantaged in the labor market. The infant mortality rate, measuring the health conditions to which an individual is exposed during their first year of life, has improved considerably worldwide over time. Despite this, contemporary immigrant cohorts typically have experienced comparatively worse early-life conditions than birth cohorts who migrated in the 1960s or the 1970s. An extension of the results therefore becomes to associate a part of the observed immigrant disadvantage to having been exposed to comparatively adverse conditions during early-life. More specifically, such a disadvantage may be manifested both as a greater initial disadvantage subsequent to migration, and as a less favorable career trajectory compared to an individual subjected to more favorable early-life conditions. The labor market changes characterizing Sweden in the time period examined in this thesis were expected to be associated with substantial implications regarding the immigrant's career opportunities. The decline of low-skill jobs in general, and the private manufacturing sector in particular, implied a contraction of typical entry-jobs for immigrants in the Swedish labor market. Simultaneously, the growing share of high-skill jobs in the public and the private service sectors was believed to be associated with requirements that many immigrants do not fulfill. This thesis shows considerable differences in the opportunities for career progress between labor market sectors. The shrinking private manufacturing sector indeed appears to be associated with an absence of career opportunities for immigrants, increasing with linguistic distance. Immigrants are also disadvantaged in the private service sector, which tentatively is linked to this sector's comparatively high demands for communicative skills. Furthermore, employers in this sector could be more likely to rely on informal recruitment methods which may lead to an exclusion of immigrants. Therefore, it is expected that the public sector is a more beneficial sector for immigrants in terms for career opportunities, given their greater reliance on formal recruitment methods. An exception to the favorable immigrant career opportunities in the public sector is, however, represented by individuals from countries with mother tongues most distant from the Swedish language in terms of origin and writing system. Lastly, among immigrants with advanced formal qualifications obtained prior to migration, substantial differences in their income assimilation trajectories are observed that is linked to the educational type of their formal degree. In particular, immigrants with pre-migration degrees within Health Care are observed to experience a comparatively favorable post-migration labor market experience. Regardless of the educational type to which an individual's degree belongs, formal human capital investments are found to exert a positive effect on that individual's trajectory towards income assimilation. (Less)


The overlapping control design approach has recently been extended by Iftar and Ozguner to cover hybrid systems. In this paper we demonstrate the utility of the approach with a new example from flight formation control. A group of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are required to fly in some desired formations in some situations. However, coordination and management within a close formation flight group is still a critical issue. Because of the interconnection and interactions of subsystems in a formation flight group, it is difficult to design the controllers. In this paper, we first introduce a hybrid system model and consider a triangle as a basic element of flight formation, so that a more general configuration is decomposed into several triangular subsystems. By applying the inclusion and extension principles from overlapping control theory, the system is expanded into several triangular subsystems that do not interconnect with each other. Upon contraction, examples show that the controllers work effectively.


A concept of atomic force microscopy (AFM) oscillating sensors using electromechanical silicon microresonators is presented, and imaging capabilities are demonstrated. The microresonators are designed to feature MHz resonance frequencies, and they are batch fabricated using standard silicon microtechnologies. Integrated capacitive transducers allow to drive the resonator and to sense its vibration amplitude. A nanotip is located at a maximum of displacement for sensing near-field forces when interacting with a surface. The device has been mounted on a commercial AFM setup through a dedicated probe holder and a preprocessing electronic circuit. Experiments show that intermittent contact AFM is possible with a tip vibration amplitude of a few nanometers. AFM images have been acquired on silicon micro and nanopatterns. A force resolution of 0.2 nN/√Hz is deduced from the measurements.


Abstract The equilibrium core structure of isolated (a/2)⟨111⟩ screw dislocations are calculated using a first-principles pseudopotential plane-wave method within the local-density approximation of density functional theory, The long-range strain field of the dislocation is treated using a variation of the recently developed lattice Green's function boundary condition method. This flexible boundary method allows the dislocation to be contained in a very small simulation cell without compromising the fidelity of the final core configuration. Supercells of 168. 270 and 504 atoms are used to evaluate the local screw and edge displacements of the (a/2)(111) screw dislocation in Mo and Ta. These results are contrasted with previous results from atomistic and dipole array calculations. We find that the isolated screw dislocations are evenly spread on three conjugate (110) planes for both Mo and Ta. The twinning–antitwinning anisotropy is calculated in Mo by applying a pure glide stress on the (112) plane. In these simulations the dislocation always moves on a {110} plane. The lattice frictional stress to move a straight screw dislocation on the (112) plane in the antitwinning and twinning sense is estimated at 0.025μ and 0.0125 μ respectively. This is in good agreement with parallel atomistic simulations and experimental measurements of the slip asymmetry.


In recent years, we have witnessed a rise in voices advocating more human-centered and holistic approaches to research on robot technology. Towards this end, the adoption of broader perspectives and the exploration of critical questions related to the design and study of these technologies in everyday life have become increasingly pressing. In this workshop, we aim for researchers and industry experts to experience hands-on approaches to explore how we can address critical human-centered perspectives in robot research and whether critical questions within the area of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) can be considered a new emerging paradigm: critical robotics. We invite people from a variety of disciplines both inside and outside of HRI and HCI (e.g., education, media and communication, philosophy of technology, applied ethics) to submit a short position paper and join us in an open exploration of this burning topic already identified by leading researchers in HRI and HCI.


The paper discussed the results of the study of elastically strained InGaAlAs/InGaAs/InP heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy as active region for laser diodes of the spectral range 1510-1580 nm. Structural and optical properties of the heterostructures were studied by transmission electron microscopy and photoluminescence techniques. We obtained the dependence of the critical thickness of multiple elastically strained InGaAs layers separated by InGaAlAs barriers on mole fraction of InAs.


Recurrent unexplained thromboembolic events are managed by anti-coagulation medications with or without a known etiology. In patients with autonomic instability syndromes there has been a recent report of a link to anti- phospholipid syndrome (APS) but also the mechanism of dysautonomia itself may contribute to clot formation. In this case report we report the case of a 26-year-old female with postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and gastroparesis who suffered chronic thromboembolic phenomenon diagnosed after an episode of amaurosis fugax. This patient's case will serve to highlight the importance of recognizing risk factors for blood clots in patients with dysautonomias. J Med Cases. 2014;5(7):399-400 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jmc1806w


"Petite colonie" mutation was shown to have taken place in reserve cultures of a strain of yeast being used in the production of alcohol from cane molasses. No reason for the change was apparent. The "petite colonie" yeast was found to form alcohol from molasses much more slowly than did the original distillery yeast. REFERENCES EPHRUSSI, B. 1948 Action de I'acriflavine sur les levures. Colloq. intern. centre natl. recherche sci., 8, Unitds doudes contin. genet. (Paris), 164-180. EPHRUSSI, B. 1950 Induction par l'acriflavine d'une mutation spdcifique chez la levure. Pubbl. staz. zool. Napoli, Suppl., 50-64. EPHRUSSI, B., HOTTINGUER, H., AND CHIMfNES, A. M. 1949 Action de l'acriflavine sur les levures. I. La mutation "petite colonie". Ann. inst. Pasteur, 76, 351-367. EPHRUSSI, B. AND HOTTINGUER, H. 1950 Direct demonstration of the mutagenic action of euflavin on baker's yeast. Nature, 166, 956. YWAS, M. 1956 A hereditary cytochrome deficiency appearing in yeast grown at an elevated temperature. Exptl. Cell Research, 10, 746.


In this work, all-solid-state potentiometric PVC membrane sensor was introduced for fast and simple monitoring of mercury ions in waste water samples. The all solid sate electrode is made based on a conductive composite of graphite, reduced graphene oxide, epoxy resin on a copper wire. A thin layer PVC membrane is then coated on the surface of the new conducting transducer. PVC membrane is composed of 30% PVC, 62% NPOE as plasticizer, 3% ionic liquid, and 5% Hg2+ ion imprinted polymer (IIP). The sensing element of the sensor is an artificial host which is imprinted by vinyl pyridine and a suitable cross-linker. The sensor shows a Nernstian response of 29.4±0.3 mV/decade. Dynamic linear range of the sensor is 1.0×10-8-1.0×10-3 mol/L of the mercury concentration and detection limit of 3.2×10-9 mol/L. The interference of different ionic species with the response of the electrode shows a good selectivity of the proposed sensor. The proposed sensor is successfully applied in determination of mercury ions in some waste water samples.


Introduction Mechanical coronary reperfusion with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) and concomitant oral dual antiplatelet therapy, is the preferred strategy in patients presenting with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Currently, guidelines regarding the choice of oral P2Y12 inhibitor are conflicting. We sought to determine the impact of clopidogrel, prasugrel and ticagrelor in a real-world STEMI population on the incidence of in-hospital, 30 day and 1 year mortality, in addition to their effects on the incidence of in-hospital major bleeding episodes. Methods A retrospective observational analysis of 2200 STEMI patients managed by PPCI between November 2011 and November 2015 was undertaken. During this period our clinical protocol changed sequentially from prescribing clopidogrel to prasugrel to ticagrelor for patients undergoing PPCI. All data were collected and verified by review of the patient clinical records. Mortality data were obtained via the Office of National Statistics. Bleeding information was taken from the clinical records and review of haematology database. Statistical analysis was two fold: standard multi-logistic regression and a second propensity score (PS) based analysis. Results The study population n=2200 (24% female) were treated with either clopidogrel (n=570), prasugrel (n=1058) or ticagrelor (n=592). Refer to table 1 for baseline characteristics. Figures 1 and 2 demonstrate that ticagrelor treated patients had improved in-hospital (PS, p=0.001), 30 day (PS, p<0.001) and 1 year (PS, p<0.001) survival compared with prasugrel. Ticagrelor was not superior to clopidogrel for in-hospital and 30 day survival, however, was associated with reduced mortality at 1 year (PS, p=0.004). No survival differences were seen at the three time points between clopidogrel and prasugrel. These results were broadly similar whether logistic regression or propensity score analysis was used. There are no reported differences in terms of in-hospital major bleeding episodes when comparing the three oral agents (figure 2). Conclusion This is the first clinical analysis of the three major oral P2Y12 inhibitors in STEMI patients treated with PPCI. There appear to be advantages associated with the use of ticagrelor when compared to prasugrel, in terms of mortality at all time points, and when compared to clopidogrel at 1 year. Abstract 11 Table 1 Baseline characteristics Abstract 11 Figure 1 A) Forest plot demonstrating the effect of oral P2Y12 inhibitor administration on in-hospital mortality and 30 day mortality as assessed by multivariable logistic regression and propensity score analysis; B) Forest plot demonstrating the effect of oral P2Y12 inhibitor administration on 1 year mortality and in-hospital major bleeding episodes as assessed by multivariable logistic regression and propensity score analyses


There are many drugs that may influence libido, erection, or ejaculation. In most cases, the sexual function is impaired, whereas enhancement is rarely seen. Such effects most likely occur in the course of treatment with drugs: interfering with the regulation of sexual hormones; exerting effects on central nervous mechanisms; influencing the autonomic nervous system; or causing changes of the peripheral blood flow.


Lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) still significantly contributes to Indonesian food security. Water shortage and the availability of N fertilizers frequently become major constraints in rice production, so efficient use of N fertilizers and water-saving irrigation are more preferable. The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the ratio of N/K and seed yield of lowland rice under different levels of nitrogen application and irrigation methods. The experiment was conducted in Gadingrejo-Pringsewu in 2011. The treatments were arranged in factorials with Split-Plot in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Irrigation methods as main plots consisted of two levels, namely, conventional irrigation method (continous standing-water with 5 cm in depth) and irrigation method without flooding (continous saturated soil). Sub-plot was N fertilization consisting of four levels, that is, 150, 200, 250 and 300 kg Urea/ha. Lowland rice cv. Ciherang was planted in experimental plots of 4x5 m in size with row spacing of 25x25 cm. The result of the experiment indicated the ratio of N/K in rice leaves at 40 and 60 DAP, and at harvest time was not significantly affected by irrigation methods and N fertilization levels. The performance of yield components and rice production in conventional irrigation method and irrigation without flooding did not a significant diference although irrigation without flooding consumed less water. This means that irrigation without flooding could increase water use efficiency in lowland rice production.


We have used a two-transgene tetracycline system to reversibly express oncogenic H-Ras(V12G) in mouse skin and primary keratinocytes culture using the bovine keratin 5 promoter. Induction of H-Ras(V12G) expression in skin at 30 days after birth causes epidermal basal cell hyperplasia, an eruption of keratinous cysts and loss of hair follicles by 3 weeks. Subsequent H-Ras(V12G) de-induction for 3 days results in massive apoptosis in the non-H-Ras(V12G)-expressing stroma as well as in the suprabasal cells of the epidermis. Several procaspases such as CASP3, 1alpha, 5 and 12 disappeared, whereas the pro-apoptotic proteins AIF, Bax and Fas ligand were induced in H-Ras(V12G) de-induction skin. This process is followed by a wave of cell division at 14 days as hair follicles regrew, returning to near normal histology and skin appearance by 30 days. Using Kinetworkstrade mark multi-immunoblotting screens, the phosphorylation status of 37 proteins and expression levels of 75 protein kinases in the skin were determined in three samples: (i) wild-type skin, (ii) hyperplastic H-Ras(V12G)-expressing skin and (iii) skin where H-Ras(V12G) expression was suppressed for 7 days. Following H-Ras(V12G) induction, 16 kinases were increased over 2-fold, and 2 kinases were reduced over 50%. This included increased phosphorylation of both known downstream H-Ras(V12G) targets and unknown H-Ras(V12G) targets. After H-Ras(V12G) suppression, many but not all protein changes were reversed. These results from skin and primary keratinocytes are organized to reflect the molecular events that cause the histological changes observed. These proteomic changes identify markers that may mediate the oncogenic addiction paradigm.


Interventions that are designed to stem plagiarism do not always override the motivation of individuals to cheat and, therefore, may not diminish misconduct. To inform more effective approaches, we conducted a systematic review to clarify the psychological causes of plagiarism. This review of 83 empirical papers showed that a specific blend of circumstances may foster plagiarism: an emphasis on competition and success rather than development and cooperation coupled with impaired resilience, limited confidence, impulsive tendencies, and biased cognitions. Fortunately, whenever students feel their life and studies align to their future aspirations, many of these circumstances tend to dissipate.


The authors address the implementation of a fuzzy simulator (FSIM) and discuss architectures for a general-purpose VLSI fuzzy-inference processor. The FSIM tool aids in the rapid prototyping of fuzzy production system (FPS), and represents a convenient transitional step in the implementation of an FPS on silicon. They present a brief theoretical review of fuzzy reasoning, introduce the FSIM, and discuss FPS development using the FSIM. An overall picture of the various stages involved in developing a fuzzy-inference processor is provided. The authors then outline the general architecture of a VLSI inference processor for FPSs. To further illustrate the development of a fuzzy inference processor, they describe an FPS example from conceptualization to implementation on silicon chips.<<ETX>>


The modified Cockcroft-Gault (CG) equation, previously developed for an aged-oriented cohort, was validated in a newly obtained dataset. Estimates of creatinine clearance (CCr) using this equation were found to be more accurate than those determined using the conventional CG equation, particularly for patients exceeding 65 years of age. We identified a subset of patients in this cohort whose estimates were inadequate. Using statistical analysis, we found that the deviation from estimates was attributed to a decreased albumin level. In addition, we determined a reduced albumin cutoff value for the modified CG equation to obtain a good estimate. Univariate linear regression analysis was applied to measure the CCr in this cohort and identify parameters related to body composition, and we found that extracellular water (ECW)/total body water (TBW) and body fat (%) were relevant. Using measured values of ECW/TBW and body fat (%), a multivariate linear regression (MLR) estimating equation was developed based on the modified CG equation. This equation was applied to a cohort over 65 years of age, and it was found that a good estimate was obtained for older patients with low albumin levels. Thus, we propose a flow diagram that illustrates conditions for selecting an appropriate estimating equation from among the CG, modified CG, and MLR equations.


We study the noise-induced currents and reliability or coherence of transport in two different classes of rocking ratchets. For this, we consider the motion of Brownian particles in the over damped limit in both adiabatic and non-adiabatic regimes subjected to unbiased temporally symmetric and asymmetric periodic driving force. In the case of a time asymmetric driving, we find that even in the presence of a spatially symmetric simple sinusoidal potential, highly coherent transport occurs. These ratchet systems exhibit giant coherence of transport in the regime of parameter space where unidirectional currents in the deterministic case are observed. Outside this parameter range, i.e., when current vanishes in the deterministic regime, coherence in transport is very low. The transport coherence decreases as a function of temperature and is a non-monotonic function of the amplitude of driving. The transport becomes unreliable as we go from the adiabatic to the non-adiabatic domain of operation. PACS numbers: 05.40.Jc, 05.40.Ca, 02.50.Ey


Abstract : The evaluation of the effects of altitude on forced air convective cooling is studied experimentally. The evolution of the more electric aircraft has led to the adoption of high power electronics for flight critical systems and the need to mitigate their thermal loads. Changes in altitude affect properties that govern heat transfer, such as air pressure, density, and temperature. Current methodology behind heat transfer prediction lacks a comprehensive experimental validation at altitudes above 16,000 feet, relevant to commercial and military aircraft. The convective heat transfer coefficient at altitudes from 0 to 52,000 feet above sea level at sea level room temperature (24 C) was measured through the use of a wind tunnel inside a vacuum chamber. Test results, with Reynolds number ranging from 500 to 14,000 and pressure from 0.1 atm to 1.0 atm, confirm that the Nusselt number and pressure loss coefficient are independent of altitude and can be determined from experimental measurement, numerical simulation, and suitable correlations obtained at sea level. Both quantities are functions of Reynolds number only. This experimental investigation will serve to provide a greater confidence for predictive methods of heat transfer at high altitude, which can lead to better optimized thermal management solutions for flight control electromechanical actuation systems.


Background. Several health care services are required to get eligibility to PCSK9-inhibitors medicines and the follow-up of patients being treated. The ultimate goal is making prescriptions appropriate and monitoring the effects of these drugs. Some recent papers (opinion / consensus documents) highlighted the necessity to make simpler this clinical pathway. Our paper illustrates the cost of this pathway incurred by patients (direct healthcare and non-healthcare costs, productivity losses by patients and their possible care-giver due to the time dedicated to healthcare services).
Methods. The study relied on a retrospective data collection through a structured questionnaire administered to 240 patients, being on treatments with PCSK9-inhibiotrd drugs for at least one year. Patients were recruited in 4 Italian healthcare centres from June 2020 to July 2021.
Results. Recruited patients are 64 years old on average. 64% of patients are males and 36% are actively employed and working. Mean cost incurred by patients amounts to € 926,1. Direct healthcare costs, direct non-healthcare costs and productivity losses equal to € 463,5 (50%), € 136,7 (15%) and € 325,9 (35%) respectively. Healthcare services fully covered by the National Health Service account for 56% of the total. Co-payments are applied to 26% of healthcare services, whereas patients pay the full price for 18% healthcare services.
Discussion. Getting eligibility to PCSK9-inhibitors and managing patients' follow-up generate important costs incurred by patients. Furthermore, these costs are very different across healthcare centres. We are fully aware that appropriateness of prescriptions and patients' follow-up are very important. However, simplifying the clinical pathway would bring economic advantages and could make more homogenous the way this pathway is managed by healthcare centres.


This book is a comprehensive reference for the evaluation, testing, selection, and examination of relevant design criteria and alternatives for bridge decks, which appear in the AASHTO/LRFD design specifications. Imported challenges to civil engineers, such as life cycle cost analysis, and constructability, particularly as related to maintaining traffic during deck replacement, are discussed. The authors discuss why the use of standard bridge deck designs is not always possible on bridge rehabilitation projects. This practical reference will aid busy engineers in dealing with the major changes that will mandate much greater attention to deck selection and design in the future. For example, most future bridge projects will involve rehabilitation or replacement--which makes traffic maintenance a major issue--and life cycle cost analysis is quickly becoming mandatory in the U.S. This guide is intended to be used throughout the development of any construction project involving bridges.


Violence today appears to be ubiquitous: it even enters the clinical session, deeply internalized within child victims who were exposed to often unspeakable horror. Violence and its pernicious, horrific effects are observed in the streets, schools, parks, playgrounds, and homes of some inner-city communities. This article introduces the use of Anna Freud's Diagnostic Profile system with an inner-city child who, at the age of four, witnessed his mother fatally stab his father with a kitchen knife and at age eleven was assessed and treated by the author. Clinicians may wonder whether any kind of therapy could ever undo the serious fixations, regressions, developmental arrests, and integrate trauma-shattered ego functions observed in children exposed to visual horror and affective terror. Application of the Profile may offer some direction with these children: a panoramic view of their painful mood, their hypervigilance and distrust, fears, separation and annihilation anxieties, nightmares (with murder imagery), developmental anomalies and arrests is presented with clarity and force. The therapist uses countertransference responses to monitor the affect tolerance in the child and to determine the appropriate dosages of awareness the child can integrate from one moment to the next. The therapist also serves as the child's external stimulus barrier and explores feelings about media-driven portrayals of violence, stereotypes, and inner-city children and youths. The unsurpassed utility of the Profile as a diagnostic system that documents vital economic, dynamic, structural, genetic and adaptive-coping information about the child is discussed in detail as is the Profile's added benefit of possibly guarding against misdiagnosis and charting a course for psychotherapy in difficult city-violence trauma cases.


In this final paper of a series on electric‐field‐induced spectroscopy, the general theory of electro‐optical effects in vibrational Raman spectroscopy is developed. It is demonstrated that the electrical polarization of a dipolar fluid can lead to appreciable intensity enhancement of certain lines in its Raman spectrum, and a modification of the polarization rules normally applicable to an isotropic medium. Exact intensity expressions are presented, and it is shown how the complete symmetry analysis of all Raman transitions can be accomplished with five intensity measurements, introducing new possibilities for species characterization close to electrode surfaces. It is also demonstrated that in intense electric fields a novel nonlinear electro‐optical channel exists, whereby the electric field perturbs the stationary states of the system and gives rise to selection rules completely different to those which normally apply in Raman scattering. This can result in the appearance of entirely new lines in the spectrum. Detailed examination of the intensity expressions for the electro‐optical route reveal that in this case five intensity measurements are required for a complete elucidation of the Raman spectrum.


Recently, fine-tuning pre-trained language models (e.g., multilingual BERT) to downstream cross-lingual tasks has shown promising results. However, the fine-tuning process inevitably changes the parameters of the pre-trained model and weakens its cross-lingual ability, which leads to sub-optimal performance. To alleviate this problem, we leverage continual learning to preserve the original cross-lingual ability of the pre-trained model when we fine-tune it to downstream tasks. The experimental result shows that our fine-tuning methods can better preserve the cross-lingual ability of the pre-trained model in a sentence retrieval task. Our methods also achieve better performance than other fine-tuning baselines on the zero-shot cross-lingual part-of-speech tagging and named entity recognition tasks.


Core vector machine(CVM) is suitable for efficient large-scale pattern classification. In this paper, a method for improving the performance of CVM with Gaussian kernel function irrespective of the orderings of patterns belonging to different classes within the data set is proposed. This method employs a selective sampling based training of CVM using a novel kernel based scalable hierarchical clustering algorithm. Empirical studies made on synthetic and real world data sets show that the proposed strategy performs well on large data sets.


Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are an emerging class of optical materials with high potential in bioimaging due to practically no background signal and high penetration depth. Their excellent optical properties and easy surface functionalization make them perfect for conjugation with targeting ligands. In this work, capillary electrophoretic (CE) method with laser‐induced fluorescence detection was used to investigate the behavior of carboxyl‐silica‐coated UCNPs. Folic acid, targeting folate receptor overexpressed by wide variety of cancer cells, was used for illustrative purposes and assessed by CE under optimized conditions. Peptide‐mediated bioconjugation of antibodies to UCNPs was also investigated. Despite the numerous advantages of CE, this is the first time that CE was employed for characterization of UCNPs and their bioconjugates. The separation conditions were optimized including the background electrolyte concentration and pH. The optimized electrolyte was 20 mM borate buffer with pH 8.


The authors consider closed queuing networks with general service times and subnetworks having population constraints. Each such subnetwork consist of a subset of stations of the original network. The population constraint of a subnetwork prescribes that the total number of customers than can be simultaneously present inside the subnetwork is limited to a fixed value, called the capacity of the subnetwork. A customer wanting to enter a subnetwork while it is full must wait in an external queue. As soon as a customer leaves the subnetwork, the first customer in line is allowed to enter the subnetwork. Such queuing networks with population constraints are of interest for modeling and analysis of manufacturing systems. Two approximate techniques for analyzing such networks, namely the aggregation technique and the method of R. Marie (1979, 1980), are compared.<<ETX>>


NEIGHBORHOOD QUALITY, CHILDCARE QUALITY, AND CHILDREN'S EARLY DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES Elif Bor, M.A. George Mason University, 2007 Thesis Director: Dr. Adam Winsler There has been mounting interest in the social sciences about the importance of multiple ecological contexts such as family, child-care settings, and neighborhoods that influence developmental outcomes in children. While the influence of the immediate family environment on early development has been investigated in detail, the effects of distal contexts beyond the family have only recently received attention. As a result of the changing trends in parental employment (e.g., growth in maternal employment) during the past half century, young children have begun to spend substantial hours in various child-care settings and to experience direct contact with neighborhoods through several neighborhood settings such as parks, churches, libraries, and children's programs. The purpose of this current study is to explore the ways in which the interrelations between two important ecological systems -neighborhood and childcare -are associated with young children's cognitive, social-emotional, language, and behavioral outcomes. As a part of a larger project, The Miami School Readiness Project, participants included 7,563 four-year-old preschool children receiving subsidies to attend community-based childcare, Title 1 public school pre-k programs, and children attending fee supported public-school pre-k programs in Miami-Dade County, Miami, Florida. Hypotheses were tested using statistical analyses including correlations, multiple regressions, and ANOVA. The results revealed small but significant relations between neighborhood characteristics and child outcomes. First of all, neighborhood risk negatively predicted children's social-emotional and language outcomes after controlling for the family-level characteristics of parent income, parent education, and parent ethnicity. Among the neighborhood dimensions, socio-economic status was found to be the most influential characteristic of neighborhoods on child outcomes. Second, the quality of childcare services was lower in high-risk neighborhoods. Unexpectedly, highsocio economic status of the neighborhoods predicted only the facilities and building attractiveness of childcare, but did not predict the quality of services, activities, and interactions provided by childcare centers. Third, the relationship between the neighborhood quality and children's outcomes was found to be stronger for children attending public school pre-kindergarten programs than for children receiving subsidies to attend community-based childcare centers. Fourth, family density/the presence of young children was negatively associated with childcare quality indicating that high quality childcare services are not found in the neighborhoods where they are needed the most. Finally, childcare quality did not buffer against the influence of neighborhood risk on development.


Aims: This symposium aims to present state-of-the-art research on dyadic regulation to promote health and well-being with a focus on romantic couples in different life contexts. Authors investigate a variety of specific social exchange processes as well as regulatory processes at the dyadic level, using strictly dyadic approaches and intensive longitudinal designs.
Rationale: So far, the literature has mostly focused on individuals' effort in regulating health and well-being. However, in daily life individuals are typically embedded in close relationships. Research for example showed that romantic couples are highly concordant on their health behaviors. Still little is known about the specific dyadic processes regulating health and well-being in romantic couples. This symposium addresses these issues by presenting new insights on innovative concepts of dyadic regulation in romantic couples, and provides implications for future research.
Summary: First, Hohl and colleagues will discuss the inter-relations among partners' support provision and self-efficacy over time in couples motivated to increase their physical activity. Next, Luscher et al. will present findings on the daily associations between companionship, relationship satisfaction, affect and smoking in dual-smoker couples intending to quit smoking. Horn and colleagues will then discuss the role of interpersonal emotion regulation for daily well-being and adjustment in couples coping with the transition to retirement. Next, Berli and colleagues will report findings on affective and behavioral consequences of daily goal disengagement among couples pursuing behavior change across two different health contexts. Finally, Knoll and colleagues will present long-term findings from a dyadic planning intervention on both couple members' physical activity and fitness. The individual presentations will be followed by a discussion of implications and future directions (Discussant: Gertraud Stadler).


ion of information helps to create information. Other characteristics of conversational knowledge management include the fact that it is fast, stored in different locations, and does not require sophisticated technologies in order to be accomplished (Wagner, 2004). Conversational technologies encompass a wide range of systems and software, many of which are familiar, including e-mail, instant messaging, Web pages, discussion forums, video and audio content/streaming, wikis, and Weblogs. While there are specific aspects that are of interest in terms of the more mature technologies, the ones that will be given attention in this article are the issues, impacts, and applications relating to IM, blogs, wikis, and podcasts. These are technologies that are newer, have a growing base of users, and are starting to become recognized as viable tools for education. Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології, 2019, No 7 (91) 209 It is unlikely that there would be many college students who are unfamiliar with the use of IM. Allowing for interactive and real-time synchronous communications with instant response, instant messenger is truly conversational in that it allows for "chat" and communications between both individuals and groups. The major instant messaging systems in use include AOL (AIM), MSN Messenger, Yahoo! Messenger, and ICQ. IM is a means for users to "chat" and communicate in real-time. While originally the domain of personal users, over time the unique benefits and effectiveness of this medium were realized, and IM started to become accepted as a form of communication in businesses (particularly high-tech firms), and now has been studied and tested as an educational tool (Kinzie, Whitaker, & Hofer, 2005). The important features of IM include both its synchronous nature and its ability to support both chat and phone-like interaction. While real-time interaction allows for rapid communications to occur, there is also no need to enter an interaction "space" as with chat rooms. Instead, the main usage of IM is in one-on-one communications, which can be more formally termed as a dyadic "call" model, which more closely resembles phone call interaction. It should be noted that even though much of the communication is done between two individuals, there are some systems that support multiparty instant messaging. An important difference between IM and e-mail is the tendency for instant messenger interaction to be more casual and informal than e-mails, which helps to bring about a more "friendly" communication atmosphere. This may in part be due to a reduction in the formalities that are typically involved when using e-mail or phone. In particular, IM has been considered more suitable for such tasks as scheduling meetings, asking or answering quick questions, and for other kinds of tasks that are brief, require a prompt response, or are less formal. It is perceived to be far simpler to IM someone to ask a quick question, for example, or to confirm a meeting or lunch, rather than to e-mail or call (Nardi & Bradner, 2000). Blogs started as a means for expressive individuals to post online diaries of themselves. Complete with text and photos, these logs were essentially an individual's online narrative or diary, with events, stories, and opinions. While its original use was for personal expression, recently its effectiveness as a tool for education has been discovered, including its use as an extension of "learning logs", which are created online (Barger, 1997). One of the earliest blogs, as we know and use them today, was Dave Winer's Scripting News, which was put online in 1997. While the use of Weblogs can be considered generally new, the concepts of keeping a "log" or "learning log" is not. The concept of "learning logs" has been in use since before the advent of the Weblog. The concept of this is to enable someone to document his or her learning, and also to do some critical reflection (Fulwiler, 1987) and selfanalysis. The use of a learning log or journal is related to action research Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології, 2019, No 7 (91) 210 learning strategies (Cherry, 1998) and attempts to link previous knowledge and new information learned. Blogs are a natural extension of learning logs/journals in that they are electronic and can be made available ("published") more easily (Armstrong, Berry, & Lamshed, 2004). The use of electronic Weblogs as educational tools offers the benefits of increased information sharing, simplified publication of information, and improved instructor monitoring and review (Flatley, 2005; Wagner, 2003). The use of blogs has been expanding, as Perseus Development reported that there were some 10 million blogs in 2004, and the number is ever increasing (Nussbaum, 2004). The growth in this area is expected to increase in the years to come. However modern technologies engage students with different kinds of stimuli involve in activity based learning. Technology makes material more interesting. It makes students and teachers more media literate. Technology is a means to justify the end of composition outcomes and has become a seamless extension of the curriculum in the magister training process. Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge captures the qualities of this new hybrid educator who must find his or her place between the intersections of these qualities. To most effectively teach technology, we must model that technology within our disciplines and classes. Voice Thread is a web service that allows users to upload PowerPoint slides, videos, photos, et al. and add voice narration to create a multimedia presentation and use it in the master's training process. Voice Thread is an application that runs inside your web browser and it allows you to transform collections of media, like images, videos, documents, and presentations, into a place for a conversation. These conversations are not live, but take place whenever it's convenient for the people to participate. They are also secure, with simple controls that let you dictate who can participate and what they can do. Educators use Voice Thread for many different reasons, from extending and documenting classroom conversations, online tutoring, virtual class spaces, professional development training, and a thousand things in between. The advantages of the voice thread are as follows. It starts students-the future managers of the education institution driven discussions with better understanding. It is a great way to deliver projects and solicit feedback. The information about voice threads is available on the following links. Blogging is a public post. Blogging for study sessions is to be practiced. Students can post case studies in a class blog. Students-the future managers of the education institution can be asked to post notes on class blog within the master's training process. You can analyze, evaluate and create the material. Blogging causes you to reflect. Teachers naturally think back on what has happened in the master's training process, and often wonder what they could have done better. Blogging can help with this process, enabling teachers to keep an ongoing personal record of their actions, decisions, though processes, Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології, 2019, No 7 (91) 211 successes and failures, and issues they have to deal with. Blogging can crystallize your thinking. As we write, we invest a part of ourselves into the medium. The provisionally of the medium makes blogging conducive to drafting and redrafting. The act of composing and recomposing ideas can enable abstract thoughts to become more concrete. Your ideas are now on the screen in front of you; they can be stored, retrieved and reconstructed as your ideas become clearer. You don't have to publish if you want to keep those thoughts private. Save them and come back to them later. The blog can act as a kind of mirror to show you what you are thinking. Sometimes we don't really know what we are thinking until we actually write it down in a physical format. Prezi–Your Presentations is a new way to do the presentations in the master's training process of the future manager of the education institution. Prezi is a versatile app that lets you make professional-looking presentations. It's like a free, pared-down version of PowerPoint. Prezi lets you make presentations that are as casual or as professional as you want them to be. It allows you to add information to a prezi, organize it in a logical way, embellish it with audio and video and then share it with the people you need to reach. Prezi makes making a presentation very easy. The whole app flows very easily even without looking at the intro or help; you can dive into a new presentation competently. It is worth looking at the help and online resources to get the most out of it, but even taking Prezi in isolation, it's very usable. Before Prezi, there was PowerPoint, and to a large extent, that was it. PowerPoint is a great piece of software, don't get us wrong, but there was definitely room for a change. Prezi feels fresh and easy, but still produces nice looking presentations. It's also capable of dealing with feature rich and complex material and making it look good. Another modern technology is Social Bookmarking. Bookmarking is the simple process of saving the address of a website in the favorite folder of your web browser so that you can find it again later. Social bookmarking takes these process two steps further. Firstly, instead of saving the bookmarks to your favorite folder, it saves them online. The great advantage of this is that you can then access them from any computer, not just the one you saved them on, simply by logging into your social bookmarking account. This enables you to access your favorite sites from wherever you are, rather than wherever you bookmarked the site. The second advantage is the social part. Saving bookmarks online enables


Vortices are features crucial for understanding transitional and turbulent flow fields, and have often been visualized using isosurfaces, hulls, and line-like structures. However, they have not been represented in a nonphotorealistic manner that intuitively reflects their local characteristics. We introduce a novel visualization method that represents these features as illustrative vortex cores, and show how this illustrative method clearly depicts vortex properties such as direction, rotational strength, spatial extension, and underlying flow behavior simultaneously, in a fashion superior to standard visualization approaches. Our non-photorealistic visualizations leverage the axis and rotational properties of a vortex detector to depict the direction and the rotational strength of vortices, respectively. Furthermore, we extract flow behavior in the vicinity of the vortex cores to provide context for the vortices that we extract. We demonstrate the efficacy of our illustrative vortex extraction framework in two commonly used data sets by showing how they characterize the properties of the examined flow fields.


Objective:To investigate associations between sleep duration and biomarkers of metabolic function among police officers. Methods:Metabolic markers were measured using standardized methods and sleep duration was assessed from questionnaire data. Mean levels of leptin and adiponectin were assessed across five levels of sleep duration using ANCOVA and linear regression models. Results:Police officers (n = 443) who reported an average of less than 5 hours and at least 8 hours of sleep had higher levels of leptin compared to those who reported an average of 5 to 7 hours of sleep. These associations were stronger and statistically significant among women, officers with BMI of 24.9 kg/m2 or less and smaller abdominal height (< 20 cm), and officers who primarily worked on the day shift. Conclusion:Short and long sleep duration were associated with higher leptin levels and may have implications for obesity-related conditions.


1. Getting Our Bearings2. Historical and Constitutional Contexts3. The Scope of Judicial Review4. Judicial Review Remedies5. The Grounds of Judicial Review6. Access to Judicial Review7. Restricting Judicial Review8. Tribunals and Merits Review9. Beyond Courts and Tribunals10. Freedom of Information11. Private Law in a Public Context: Contract and Tort12. Values and Effects of Administrative Law


This paper examines the changes in households' trading behavior after winning an IPO allotment in China—a purely luck-driven event. We find that these households subsequently become overconfident: they trade more frequently and lose more money relative to other households. This effect is stronger when households are inexperienced and when households' pre-existing level of overconfidence is low. Our findings are not explained by wealth effects or house money effects. Overall, our evidence indicates that the experience of good luck makes people overconfident about their prospects.


This paper is about a very significant subject that has influence on Turkey's past, present and future. Cyprus issue, which became a dynamic of change in Turkey's foreign policy, has impact on the evolution of Turkey's international relations. From time to time this issue puts Turkey in trouble with some international organizations like the European Union, which Turkey tried a lot to get in. This paper answers the question how did and does Cyprus question affect Turkey's international relations? The position of powerful countries within the context of time and place and their relations with Turkey concerning the island? Depending on some examples and truths from sufficient references, the paper shows very significant clues that, in one way or another, Cyprus issue have negatively and (rarely) positively affected Turkey's international relations. Beginning with energy, this paper simplifies the fluctuating relations between Turkey and other countries involved in Cyprus issue. The most important entities which Cyprus dispute affected in their relations with Turkey are: the UN, the EU, the USA, Russia (USSR), Greece, Arab countries and Israel.


Degree of polished rice so called 70 percentage of polished rice sold at the 19 places of rice dealer's store in Gwang - Ju city were surveyed through the New M.G.color reaction reagent, from 24th to 30th of January, 1975. The results were as follows ; 1. Nearly the 70 percentage polished rice sold at the rice dealer's store showed some differences in the degree of polishing of rice, with respect to color reaction in comparison with standard 70 percentage polished rice. 2. There have been no rice which are over excessive 70 percentage polished rice. 3. The place were more than 90 percentage of 70percentage polished rice amount, were 3 places in the 19 places rice dealer's store and 50 percentage of below 70 percentage polished rice amount were 8 places in the 19 places.


Hydraulic tomography, a procedure involving the performance of a suite of pumping tests in a tomographic format, provides information about variations in hydraulic conductivity at a level of detail not obtainable with traditional well tests. However, analysis of transient data from such a suite of pumping tests represents a substantial computational burden. Although steady state responses can be analyzed to reduce this computational burden significantly, the time required to reach steady state will often be too long for practical applications of the tomography concept. In addition, uncertainty regarding the mechanisms driving the system to steady state can propagate to adversely impact the resulting hydraulic conductivity estimates. These disadvantages of a steady state analysis can be overcome by exploiting the simplifications possible under the steady shape flow regime. At steady shape conditions, drawdown varies with time but the hydraulic gradient does not. Thus transient data can be analyzed with the computational efficiency of a steady state model. In this study, we demonstrate the value of the steady shape concept for inversion of hydraulic tomography data and investigate its robustness with respect to improperly specified boundary conditions.


It has been reported that coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) functions as an electron transfer carrier in mitochondria, and can produce an improvement in heart diseases such as congestive heart failure. Its (2Z)-isomer contains a cis-double bond at the 2-position of the decaprenyl side chain. As the original organic industrial synthesis of CoQ10 resulted in a product that contained a small amount of this isomer, the efficacy and safety of CoQ10 was determined using CoQ10 containing this isomer; however, no toxicity data have been reported for the (2Z)-isomer itself. Thus, we conducted single (2,000 mg/kg) and 4-wk repeated (1,000 mg/kg) oral dose toxicity studies in rats to compare the toxicological profiles of CoQ10 and its (2Z)-isomer. The two compounds displayed similar toxicological profiles, and it was concluded that neither CoQ10 nor its (2Z)-isomer produce toxic effects in rats in single or repeated doses.


We develop questions for a COVID-19 research agenda from the anthropology of disasters to study the production of pandemic as a feature of the normatively accepted societal state of affairs We encourage an applied study of the pandemic that recognizes it as the product of connections between people, with their social systems, nonhumans, and the material world more broadly, with attention to root causes, (post)colonialism and capitalism, multispecies networks, the politics of knowledge, gifts and mutual aid, and the work of recovery