This study aims to find out how to stimulate Early Childhood Mindset in Theodeosius kindergarten through affective education. This research is qualitative research. Data analysis is done by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The research findings showed that students were very enthusiastic about following the activities of the teacher with pleasure, happiness and did not feel burdened from the initial activities to the final activities of the students who followed them well. The efforts made by TK Theodosius educators are good, so that it can be said that the teacher's efforts to train children's independence are maximized. The students have begun to instill Pancasila values in their daily lives, namely Godhead, Humanity, the Value of Unity, People's Value, and Social Justice.
Keywords: Affective Education, Early Childhood Mindset Stimulation, Understanding Pancasila.
References
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Room temperature ferromagnetism in pure ZnO is a very interesting phenomenon, but the reported intensity is usually as weak as 10−2 to 10−3 emu g−1 and the mechanism is still in debate. Here, we report room-temperature ferromagnetism as strong as 6.1 emu g−1 from un-doped ZnO ordered arrays fabricated by a colloidal template method, and show a remarkable dependence of such ferromagnetism on grain size for the first time. Interestingly, the MS of samples could be tuned over a large scale, from 0.1 to 6.1 emu g−1 by adjusting the annealing time. Further study shows that grain size and oxygen are dominant factors for such magnetism. When the grain size, in vacuum, increases from 3 to 15 nm, the MS decreases from 5.7 to 0.25 emu g−1. For 3 nm grain size, ageing in the presence of oxygen, such as in air, for 1 week causes the MS to decrease to one-tenth of the original value. However, the MS of samples aged in vacuum does not change distinctly. Based on the observation and analysis of the above phenomena, we propose that oxygen vacancies at the surface of nanoparticles contribute to the ferromagnetism. This study could provide very simple and cheap semiconductor nanostructures with strong room temperature ferromagnetism for future spintronic applications and will deepen our understanding of the defect-related origin of such magnetism in ZnO.


Wheel/rail interface inevitably induces a travelling source of sound and vibration, which spread over a long distance of rail network and neighborhood corridor. The sound and vibration can be generated in various forms and spectra. The undesirable sound and vibration, is often called 'noise', includes rolling noise, impact noise, curve noise, mechanical noise, airborne noise, wheel/rail noise, structureand ground-borne noises. The noise and vibration that is transferred back through the vehicle body mainly affects ride quality, customer experience, and structural integrity of the rolling stocks, whereas the vibration that is transmitted from the rails to the supporting structure of the track plays a main role in rapid track degradation and potentially affects the surrounding structures. This paper focuses on the effectiveness of noise mitigation measures on curved tracks located in urban environments. It highlights the practical methods for mitigating curve squeals and flanging noises, which are often observed along freight corridors and track infrastructures with nonlinear geometries. It is important to note that rail freight curve noises, especially for curve squeals, can be observed almost everywhere and every type of track structures. The most pressing noise appears at sharply curved tracks where excessive lateral wheel/rail dynamics resonate with falling friction states, generating a tonal noise problem, so-call 'squeal'. Therefore, this paper is devoted to systems thinking approach and life cycle assessment in resolving railway curve noise problems. The life cycle of fifty years has been selected as it is coincide with the majority of common design life for railway tracks catering freights, heavy haul trains, mixed traffics and heavy suburban trains globally. Based on assumptions commonly derived in rail industry, the life cycle analyses under variant extreme weather conditions reveal that the jetting method (or on-board wheel-based friction modifier) seems to be the most efficient method for mitigating curve noises, whilst the noise barrier seems to be the worst counterpart in a long curve section but this case is untrue for a sharp short curved track.


Operating experience of the various components in the nuclear power plants has shown that a variety of degradation mechanisms can occur during operation. Therefore, the accurate lifetime evaluation and systematic management are very important for the safe as well as the economical operation of the nuclear power plants. In this paper, the characteristics of a total of 17 degradation mechanisms were reviewed and the plausible degradation mechanisms such as stress corrosion cracking, fatigue, irradiation embrittlement, and so on, were identified. Also, the lifetime evaluation technologies which have been developed for the application to the domestic nuclear power plants are described. In addition, a total of 48 aging management programs which have been established for the safe operation of the various components are explained.


Samples collected from throughout the range of Chondrostoma lusitanicum Collares-Pereira, were examined electrophoretically for patterns of variation at 24 presumptive gene loci. Thirteen loci were found to be polymorphic (frequency of the most common allele 0.95). There was high differentiation between rivers, especially in the southern populations of the Mira and the Arade catchments. This differentiation was associated with a low level of genetic variation and was thus interpreted in the light of past and present bottlenecks. The differentiation of C. lusitanicum is congruent with that already observed for another cyprinid species of the genus Leuciscus inhabiting the same catchments. This reinforces the hypothesis that the periodic drying-up of extensive sections of these rivers may lead to reduction in population sizes and subsequent differentiation. The level of genetic divergence of both the Mira and Arade populations of C. lusitanicum compared to all other populations sampled suggested a review of their conspecific status is necessary despite morphological similarity. The management implications in these rivers, and in the Tejo and Sado basins where C. lusitanicum is very rare, are discussed.


Abstract.
 Several studies have documented the arrival time of spring migration of Virginia Rails (Rallus limicola), King Rails (R. elegans), and Soras (Porzana Carolina) on the southwestern shore of Lake Erie, though not in recent decades, and most of this information is based on anecdotal records. These three species were captured in wetlands on Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge in Ottawa and Lucas Counties, Ohio, USA, from 2004 to 2009. Virginia Rails and Soras were documented arriving in northern Ohio earlier than previous research, but not older anecdotal records. King Rails were within the bounds of all previous records. Using traps with playback may have allowed us to detect these species at earlier dates than previous research. Documenting current spring migration arrival timing of these three secretive marsh bird species is important for future monitoring, research and wetland management.


The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), the ABC transporter encoded by the cystic fibrosis gene, is localized in the apical membrane of epithelial cells where it functions as a cyclic AMP-regulated chloride channel and as a regulator of other ion channels and transporters. Whereas a key role of cAMP-dependent phosphorylation in CFTR-channel gating has been firmly established, more recent studies have provided clear evidence for the existence of a second level of cAMP regulation, i.e. the exocytotic recruitment of CFFR to the plasma membrane and its endocytotic retrieval. Regulated trafficking of the CFTR Cl- channel has sofar been demonstrated only in a subset of CFTR-expressing cell types. However, with the introduction of more sensitive methods to measure CFTR cycling and submembrane localization, it might turn out to be a more general phenomenon that could contribute importantly to both the regulation of CFTR-mediated chloride transport itself and to the regulation of other transporters and CFTR-modulated cellular functions. This review aims to summarize the present state of knowledge regarding polarized and regulated CFTR trafficking and endosomal recycling in epithelial cells, to discuss present gaps in our understanding of these processes at the cellular and molecular level, and to consider its possible implications for cystic fibrosis.


Watt offers a reading of Gower's "Apollonius of Tyre" informed by psychoanalysis, but rather rather than simply reading the events in the tale according to a Freudian script, she also uses a comparison to other versions of the story in order to demonstrate the ways in which Gower consciously reshaped the narrative. The mixture of methodologies is a bit dizzying. Statements such as this one, "But in a sense Amans is guilty of incest in so far as he seems to be engaged in an oedipal struggle with his own incestuous parents, Venus and Cupid, the Queen and King of Love" (182), which is offered without any further support, stand alongside the careful comparison of texts, for instance in Watt's demonstration that his tale of Apollonius Gower places much less emphasis on lineage and genealogy than any of the analogues (183-84). The juxtaposition of the two different sorts of arguments evidently presumes that Gower himself was as conscious of the psychoanalytical dimensions of his text as Watt is. Watt's purpose is to use the conclusions that she draws on Gower's depiction of the characters in assessing the way in which Gower intended to offer instruction through the tale to Richard II. "The political replaces the genealogical" in Gower's story, she asserts; "there exists a connection between the poem's construction of gender and sexuality and its political concerns and historical contexts" (185). But where Maria Bullon-Fernandez, making a similar claim, sees the connection between Antiochus' incest and Richard's tyrannical rule, Watt claims that Gower also offers his criticism of Richard through Apollonius, who is "implicated in the crime of incest and tainted by homosexuality" and who "is culpable of misusing his knowledge and power" (185). In making her argument, she has a great many specific observations to make about the tale and about the poem, only some of which can be noted here. The impenetrability of the riddle in Gower's version, she observes, "is in itself a clue to its meaning," for in its "grammatical indeterminacy" it "reveals itself to be concerned with something that is unethical and corrupt" (187). But while "with its references to the devouring of the mother's flesh, [Gower's version of the riddle] expresses the speaker's repressed desire to devour or to marry/to sleep with his own mother" (188), mother figures are more active in Gower's tale, even in their absence, than in other versions of the story, beginning with Antiochus' wife. The daughters are imperiled not just by the sexual incontinence of their fathers but by "the absence or cruelty of the maternal figures" (189). "In Gower's tale, then, the role of women as wives and mothers is crucial to the proper functioning of the household" (191). Antiochus' riddle also expresses his repressed desire for his father, and "just as the infantile desire for the mother is displaced onto the daughter, so the fixation of the father reemerges in a search for the son" (192). The riddle thus "draws our attention to the homosociality, or what Luce Iragaray calls the hom(m)o-sexuality, of patriarchal society" (ibid.). Thus Antiochus allows Apollonius to escape, but as Apollonius continues to flee after he is already safe, he reveals that he himself "has become obsessed with the father figure" (194). As Freud suggested, such "father-fixations . . . resulted in the feminization of the son," as manifested by Apollonius' mastery of rhetoric, "traditionally associated with femininity and effeminacy," by his failure to kill Antiochus, and by "the passive role he plays in his relationship with his future wife" (194-95). Apollonius also becomes implicated in Antiochus' crime by this failure to reveal it, and though he has no conscious incestuous desire for his own daughter, Gower's depiction of his reunion with Thaise heightens the resemblance between Apollonius and Antiochus. In depicting his female characters, Gower uses the story "to examine and to attempt to unravel female sexuality and desire" (199). The conclusion reestablishes "normative male control of female desire," but along the way the sufferings of Thaise and her mother are an extension of those of Antiochus' daughter, and their "resurrections" represent her "posthumous redemption" (202). That Gower intended the tale as a comment on Richard II is indicated by the political purposes manifest throughout CA and by the historical reports of Richard's disturbed personality, a portrait that is "to some extent confirmed by Gower's complex representations of kingship" in this tale (203), which reveal "his cynicism about Richard II's conduct and rule" (205). Antiochus's behavior, of course, may "be intended as a warning to Richard II against arrogant behavior and arbitrary rule" (205). "The implicit praise of Artestrathes's wife," moreover, "might be read as a celebration of the mediatory role of Anne of Bohemia" (205-6), while "the resurrection of Apollonius's wife and daughter," representing the king's subjects and his country, "may also mark the (albeit temporary) restoration of the power of the council's to curb the king's will" (206), though "the recontainment of female sexuality" suggests that "Gower's political vision is ultimately a conservative one" and he does not advocate the overthrow of the king (206-7). Apollonius is a figure for the king both in his flaws and in the fact that he does not learn very much during the course of the tale. Amans too fails to learn, but "unlike Apollonius, he does not see the fulfillment of his desires either. . . . In the final analysis, Amans's misdirected desire reflects the king's unchecked will and it is perhaps his failure in love which looks most like a prognostication of the usurpation of Richard II's throne. At the same time, Gower's decision, not only to sign his own narrative, but to identify himself with Amans, and thus implicitly with Richard, may indicate his personal frustration with and sense of failure about his role, not as poet of love, but as political advisor" (207-8). [PN. Copyright The John Gower Society. JGN 22.1]


ABS'IRACf Multivariate calibration methods, including stepwise multiple linear regression, principal components regression, and partial least squares regression, were applied to soil color and spectral reflectance data to predict the organic matter content of Illinois soils. Data were obtained with a visible/near infrared (NIR) spectrophotometer and a commercial colorimeter on a calibration set consisting of 30 illinois mineral soils at 0.033 MPa and 1.5 MPa moisture tension levels. Good correlation with soil organic matter (r2 =0.91, standard error of prediction = 0.34% organic matter) was obtained when using as few as 12 NIR reflectance data pOints in the range from 1720 to 2380 nm. Color coordinate and visible reflectance data provided considerably poorer predictions of soil organic matter content.


In this study, it is demonstrated that the apparent endurance (fatigue) limit for plasticity‐controlled failure in poly(ether ether ketone) is related to an evolution of the yield stress. The increase of the yield stress has two separate causes: (a) stress‐ and temperature‐accelerated physical aging of the amorphous phase and (b) strain hardening as a result of texture development. Yield stress evolution is monitored using thermomechanical treatments during which the material is exposed to temperature and load. The combined contributions of both temperature and applied stress to yield stress evolution (below T g ) can be effectively modeled using an effective time approach employing an Arrhenius temperature‐activation as well as Eyring stress activation. Combination of the yield stress evolution with a previously developed model for plasticity‐controlled failure allows prediction of time‐to‐failure under both static and cyclic load, quantitatively capturing the observed apparent endurance limit.


Background and Purpose— Underlying comorbidities, previous strokes, and medication may increase the risk for primary intracerebral hemorrhage (PICH) and its recurrence. The aim of this study was to determine the independent predictors for recurrent PICH. Methods— We identified 961 subjects with first-ever PICH from 1993 to 2008 among the population of Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland. Hospital and death records were reviewed and data on drug use were obtained from the national register of prescribed medicines. Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to demonstrate predictors for recurrence of PICH. Results— Total follow-up time of the 961 patients was 3481 person-years. During the follow-up time, 58 subjects had altogether 68 recurrent PICHs. The annual average incidence of first recurrence was 1.67%. Cumulative 5- and 10-year incidence rates were 9.6% and 14.2%, respectively. In univariable analysis, history of ischemic stroke, diabetes mellitus, and aspirin use were associated with a higher recurrence rate. In multivariable analysis, only previous ischemic stroke (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.22–4.05; P=0.009) independently predicted PICH recurrence. Diabetes mellitus tended to increase (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.98–5.80; P=0.056), whereas treated hypertension tended to decrease (0.45, 0.20–1.01; P=0.054) the risk for fatal recurrent PICH. Conclusions— Previous ischemic stroke independent of confounding factors may increase the risk for PICH recurrence.


A multi-channel voltammetric instrument is described for use with arrays of micro-electrodes. The instrument can access up to 31 electrodes in voltammetric measurements either independently or in groups (2–31 electrodes per group) and works in a simple two electrode like cell model, employing only one current-to-voltage converter. Two digital-to-analog converters were employed to ensure wide flexibility of the potential applied to the array. The control of the instrument, the data acquisition and treatment procedures were automated using an addressable asynchronous interface and a microcomputer running software written in QuickBasic 4.5. An array, containing 31 microelectrodes, embodied in a polyester isolating block, was constructed and employed for evaluation of the instrument performance. Each microelectrode was made of a sub-array containing seven copper discs (55 µm diameter) covered with a mercury film. Two new procedures to obtain voltammetric signals, at a scan rate equivalent to 3.2 V s–1, are proposed. These procedures access each electrode of the array while they are kept at different potentials, producing voltammetric pseudo-curves similar to those obtained by normal- and differential-pulse voltammetry. Other conventional voltammetric techniques such as potential staircase sweep, differential-pulse and anodic stripping voltammetry were also evaluated for use with the instrument, showing that the dynamic range of the measurements can be improved by selecting the number of electrodes to be employed without decreasing the scan rate.


This paper describes some of the pre-requisites for applying molecular markers in plant breeding or crop improvement programmes. This includes, possible answers to some of the very pertinent questions regarding marker-assisted plant breeding. For example, I) how an effective marker system is to be selected, ii) how, when and where these expensive technologies can be used efficiently and iii) what particular problem would be solved just by using a particular marker system. The most commonly used marker systems including restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), micro-satellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) and random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) have been described in detail. The advantages and disadvantages (if any) of these marker systems and their practical utilization in different areas of crop improvement programmes have been discussed. Different methods of integrating molecular markers in conventional plant breeding programmes have also been described in greater detail with special reference to varieta l identification and germplasm characterization, marker-assisted selection for qualitative and quantitative traits and abiotic stress tolerance. It is suggested that in all these cases, cost-effective application of markers can best be achieved through collaboration with those who excel in this technology. This collaboration is also necessary in order to integrate the systems and technologies to deliver the product in minimum possible time and with minimum extra input/investment in terms of operational expenses.


Hemidesmus indicus is widely used in Ayurveda for treatment of various disease conditions. It is used as a tonic, demulcent, diaphoretic, diuretic and blood purifier. The therapeutic action of the herb is due to presence of major chemical constituents like coumarinolignoids hemidesmine and hemidesmin. This herb is beneficial in skin disorders ,urinary tract infections and to treat kidney failure. Based on the scientific research the article is reviewed to reveal the therapeutic aspects of the herbal extract for the beneficial of further research.


A chicken clathrin-associated adaptor protein 3-δ subunit 2 (AP3S2) is a subunit of AP3, which is involved in cargo protein trafficking to target membrane with clathrin-coated vesicles. AP3S2 may play a role in virus entry into host cells through clathrin-dependent endocytosis. AP3S2 is also known to participate in metabolic disease developments of progressions, such as liver fibrosis with hepatitis C virus infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Chicken AP3S2 (chAP3S2) gene was originally identified as one of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in chicken kidney which was fed with different calcium doses. This study aims to characterize the molecular characteristics, gene expression patterns, and transcriptional regulation of chAP3S2 in response to the stimulation of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) to understand the involvement of chAP3S2 in metabolic disease in chicken. As a result, the structure prediction of chAP3S2 gene revealed that the gene is highly conserved among AP3S2 orthologs from other species. Evolutionarily, it was suggested that chAP3S2 is relatively closely related to zebrafish, and fairly far from mammal AP3S2. The transcriptional profile revealed that chAP3S2 gene was highly expressed in chicken lung and spleen tissues, and under the stimulation of poly (I:C), the chAP3S2 expression was down-regulated in DF-1 cells (P<0.05). However, the presence of the transcriptional inhibitors, BAY 11-7085 (Bay) as an inhibitor for nuclear factor κB (NFκB) or Tanshinone IIA (Tan-II) as an inhibitor for activated protein 1 (AP-1), did not affect the expressional level of chAP3S2, suggesting that these transcription factors might be dispensable for TLR3 mediated repression. These results suggest that chAP3S2 gene may play a significant role against viral infection and be involved in TLR3 signaling pathway. Further study about the transcriptional regulation of chAP3S2 in TLR3 pathways and the mechanism of chAP3S2 upon virus entry shall be needed. (


A comparative investigation of the different lithium salts on formation of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on binder free graphite anodes for lithium ion batteries has been conducted. The electrolytes investigated include 1 M LiPF6, LiBF4, LiTFSI, LiFSI, LiDFOB or LiBOB dissolved in ethylene carbonate (EC). The SEI has been investigated via a combination of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) allows direct observation of the SEI formed from the different electrolytes. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of D2O extracts are utilized to characterize the soluble species of SEI. XPS and FTIR provide additional elemental and functional group information for the SEI components. The SEI for all electrolytes contains lithium ethylene dicarbonate (LEDC), the primary reduction product of EC. In addition, the SEI for all electrolytes contain LiF except for the SEI generated from the LiBOB electrolyte. The SEI generated in the presence of LiBOB or LiDFOB electrolytes contain multiple oxalate containing species, including lithium oxalate (Li2C2O4), and borates. © 2014 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.054406jes] All rights reserved.


We present a practical method for modeling layered facial reflectance consisting of specular reflectance, single scattering, and shallow and deep subsurface scattering. We estimate parameters of appropriate reflectance models for each of these layers from just 20 photographs recorded in a few seconds from a single viewpoint. We extract spatially-varying specular reflectance and single-scattering parameters from polarization-difference images under spherical and point source illumination. Next, we employ direct-indirect separation to decompose the remaining multiple scattering observed under cross-polarization into shallow and deep scattering components to model the light transport through multiple layers of skin. Finally, we match appropriate diffusion models to the extracted shallow and deep scattering components for different regions on the face. We validate our technique by comparing renderings of subjects to reference photographs recorded from novel viewpoints and under novel illumination conditions.


Despite the enormous success of neural networks, they are still hard to interpret and often overfit when applied to low-sample-size (LSS) datasets. To tackle these obstacles, we propose a framework for training locally sparse neural networks where the local sparsity is learned via a sample-specific gating mechanism that identifies the subset of most relevant features for each measurement. The sample-specific sparsity is predicted via a gating network, which is trained in tandem with the prediction network. By learning these subsets and weights of a prediction model, we obtain an interpretable neural network that can handle LSS data and can remove nuisance variables, which are irrelevant for the supervised learning task. Using both synthetic and real-world datasets, we demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art models when predicting the target function with far fewer features per instance.


In this paper, we conduct a study on state-of-the-art methods for singleand multi-object text-to-image synthesis and propose a common framework for evaluating these methods. We first identify several common issues in the current evaluation of text-to-image models, which are: (i) a commonly used metric for image quality assessment, e.g., Inception Score (IS), is often either miscalibrated for the single-object case or misused for the multi-object case; (ii) the overfitting phenomenon appears in the existing R-precision (RP) and SOA metrics, which are used to assess text relevance and object accuracy aspects, respectively; (iii) many vital factors in the evaluation of the multi-object case are primarily dismissed, e.g., object fidelity, positional alignment, counting alignment; (iv) the ranking of the methods based on current metrics is highly inconsistent with real images. Then, to overcome these limitations, we propose a combined set of existing and new metrics to systematically evaluate the methods. For existing metrics, we develop an improved version of IS named IS* by using temperature scaling to calibrate the confidence of the classifier used by IS; we also propose a solution to mitigate the overfitting issues of RP and SOA. Regarding a set of new metrics compensating for the lacking of vital evaluating factors in the multi-object case, we develop CA for counting alignment, PA for positional alignment, object-centric IS (O-IS), object-centric FID (O-FID) for object fidelity. Our benchmark, therefore, results in a highly consistent ranking among existing methods, being well-aligned to human evaluation. We also create a strong baseline model (AttnGAN++) for the benchmark by a simple modification from the well-known AttnGAN. We will release this toolbox for unified evaluation, so-called TISE, to standardize the evaluation of the text-to-image synthesis models. The project page for TISE can be found here.


Today many retailers face high competition, therefore they have to operate in an efficient way. One aspect of efficiency is inventory. Many research on inventory is conducted intensively to get more realistic inventory model. In this paper, an inventory model was developed by considering pricing. Many retailers try to increase their profit by setting the best price for a single item, especially for some items that have high price-dependent demand. The customer demand depends on the price such household items. In the other side, some retailers face supply problems. Supplier often cannot supply products when the products needed on time. There is delay time between customer demand and products arrive at retailer warehouse. The retailer should determine the optimal price and replenishment time. There are some assumptions are used for the model. The first assumption, the demand is known and has constant elasticity. Second, there is stochastic replenishment period and demand that are not filled are lost sales. The model is developed mathematically and a numerical example is conducted to show how the model works. A sensitivity analysis is accomplished to get some management insight and some interesting result are derived.
Keywords: deteriorating inventory model; genetic algorithm; stochastic time


The detoxifying enzyme glutathione-s-transferase pi (GST-π) is present in keratinocytes and melanocytes and exerts a protective role against tumour progression. Melanomas close to melanocytic naevus remnants occur less frequently on sun-exposed areas, whereas solar dermal elastosis, hallmark of chronic sun-damage, characterise melanomas on sun-exposed skin. We evaluated the expression of GST-π in 113 melanomas associated to melanocytic naevus remnants or to solar dermal elastosis, classified according to clinical characteristics, history of sun exposure, histological subtypes and AJCC staging. Chronically sun-damaged melanomas, identified by moderate-severe solar dermal elastosis, showed a lower nuclear GST-π expression and a higher thickness than those related to melanocytic naevus remnants (p < 0.03). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that male gender and chronic sun-exposure are independent risk factors significantly associated to melanomas localised on the trunk (OR = 3.36, 95% CI: 1.31-8.65; OR = 5.97, 95% CI: 1.71-20.87). If confirmed on a larger series, lower expression of nuclear GST-π in melanoma cells could represent a possible marker of chronically sun-damaged melanoma pathogenesis.


- Mosses harbor fungi whose interactions within their hosts remain largely unexplored. Trophic ranges of fungal endophytes from the moss Dicranum scoparium were hypothesized to encompass saprotrophism. This moss is an ideal host to study fungal trophic lability because of its natural senescence gradient, and because it can be grown axenically. - Dicranum scoparium was co-cultured with each of eight endophytic fungi isolated from naturally occurring D. scoparium. Moss growth rates, and gene expression levels (RNAseq) of fungi and D. scoparium, were compared between axenic and co-culture treatments. Functional lability of two fungal endophytes was tested by comparing their RNA expression levels when colonizing living versus dead gametophytes. - Growth rates of D. scoparium were unchanged, or increased, when in co-culture. One fungal isolate (Hyaloscyphaceae sp.) that promoted moss growth was associated with differential expression of auxin-related genes. When grown with living versus dead gametophytes, Coniochaeta sp. switched from having up-regulated carbohydrate transporter activity to up-regulated oxidation-based degradation, suggesting an endophytism to saprotrophism transition. However, no such transition was detected for Hyaloscyphaceae sp. - Individually, fungal endophytes did not negatively impact growth rates of D. scoparium. Our results support the long-standing hypothesis that some fungal endophytes can switch to saprotrophism.


We have shown that the small GTPase Rap1b, a protein known to antagonize the mitogenic and transforming activity of Ras, is endowed with both mitogenic and tumorigenic properties. Rap1b can be activated by cAMP, an intracellular message known to either stimulate or inhibit cell proliferation. The oncogenic property of Rap1b was revealed in a model system in which cAMP stimulates cell proliferation and was linked to Rap's ability to promote S phase entry. We have now tested the significance of the mitogenic action of Rap1b in a physiologically relevant model, the differentiated thyroid follicular cells, a system that requires thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), acting via cAMP, to mediate a full mitogenic response. Here we report that cAMP-dependent hormonal stimulation of DNA synthesis requires Rap1b in a manner dependent on its phosphorylation by protein kinase A.


In this study a new waveform inversion methodology was developed to determine the source parameters of an earthquake. This technique is based on analyzing data recorded both at teleseismic and regional distances. To apply the inversion three different methods, which are the normal equations, the QR-decomposition and the singular value decomposition (SVD), were successfully tested, similar results were obtained and the SVD method was selected. The proposed inversion methodology was applied to large, as well as to earthquakes of moderate magnitude. Analysis of moderate events is crucial for seismogenic volumes, where an important number of such earthquakes occur which allow the calculation of their source parameters. Thus, the seismotectonic characteristics of the study area can be determined. The proposed methodology is successfully applied to events located in Greece and its surrounding regions in near real time.


The phenomenon of over-rationality is treated in this article from the perspective of the excessive standardization that can be observed in the management of patient care. In this case, standardization can be applied to execution work by setting operating procedures and rules that allow an action to be taken in a reproducible manner, to the definition of good practices (what Anglo-Saxons call "evidence-based medicine"), and to the introduction of performance standards. A careful analysis of the organization of patient care shows that it is conceived as an alternation of standardization and adaptation when unpredictable or specific work situations require it. As a result, over-rationality is understood as excessive standardization that may prevent usage of adaptation register. We illustrate this phenomenon of over-rationality through the application of standard operating procedures and the use of information technology. We then identify the reasons for this excess and propose in response to assert the recognition of an autonomous actor capable of judging the relevant recourse to the register of standardization and the modalities of its application


The number of persons with diabetes seen in the Mason Clinic has gradually increased throughout the years. 1 At the same time, the number of major amputations performed on these patients has steadily decreased. The lowering of the incidence of major amputation has been brought about by better management of the diabetes, instruction of the diabetic patient in care of the feet, and early control of infectious lesions by the use of chemotherapy and antibiotics, adequate drainage, and amputation of digits when necessary. 2 Prophylactic surgery on the static deformities has also played an important role in the lowered morbidity. It is the purpose of this paper to point out a few of the lesions of the feet in the diabetic patient in whom minor surgery is indicated. The management of these lesions will be discussed briefly. The proper handling of the concomitant diabetes is assumed, being of extreme importance.


The significance of the presence of endocervical cells (EC) on the cytologic prediction of cervical epithelial abnormalities has been studied. The material consisted of 124 smears with correct cytological diagnosis of CIN, 80 with false-positive and 24 false-negative diagnosis. Influence of the presence of EC on the detection of CIN II, CIN III and Carcinoma have been stated.


This chapter describes some recent studies and applications of photochemistry in the physical–chemical characterization of two acrylic paint materials based on phthalocyanines and the study of the photodegradation (photobleaching) processes which could occur, caused by exposure to artificial irradiation, similar as in the museum. The studies in this paper has been conducted on phthalocyanines, these compounds being known as organic colorants in painting. Their color depends not only on the chemical nature of the colorant, which play an important role in the kinetics and degree of aging, but also on the compounds added to the paints (TiO 2 , micas, arylamide yellow). The techniques used in such studies involve UV–Vis spectroscopy, gloss, and colorimetric measurements, com-paring our results with similar ones from the literature.


Summary Background and Objectives: In clinical trials involving multiple tests it is often difficult to obtain informative simultaneous confidence intervals (SCIs). In particular in hierarchical testing, no quantification of effects is possible for the first tested (and most important) hypothesis after its rejection. Our goal is a construction of SCIs that are always informative. Methods: We present an approach where the level is split after rejection of each hypothesis to obtain an informative confidence bound. The splitting weights are continuous functions of the parameters. Our method is realizable by a simple algorithm and is illustrated by an intuitive graphical representation. Results: We show theoretically and by an example that the new SCIs always provide information when a hypothesis is rejected. The power to reject the first hypothesis is not smaller than for the classical fixed-sequence procedure. The price for the extra information is a small power loss in the hypotheses proceeding the most important one. Conclusions: Given the substantial gain in information, a small loss of power for the non-primary hypotheses seems often acceptable. Especially in the context of non-inferiority trials, this method is a useful alternative. The flexibility in the choice of the weight functions makes the procedure attractive for applications.


With the passing of Ugo Fano on 13 February 2001, Comments on Atomic and Molecular Physics lost a longtime correspondent since its founding in 1969. A broader community dearly misses a great theoretical physicist. The present tribute is designed in a special way appropriate for this journal, in view of other documents describing Fano's life and work. It is accompanied by a curriculum vitae, which shows the span of a rich professional life. We shall concentrate on his accomplishments in atomic and molecular physics, leaving aside contributions to radiation physics and other areas. We also present a list of his publications, which should be useful as a resource material.


We consider the (exact, minimum) k-CUT problem: given a graph and an integer k, delete a minimum-weight set of edges so that the remaining graph has at least k connected components. This problem is a natural generalization of the global minimum cut problem, where the goal is to break the graph into k=2 pieces. Our main result is a (combinatorial) k-CUT algorithm on simple graphs that runs in n^ (1+o(1))k time for any constant k, improving upon the previously best n^ (2 ω /3+o(1))k time algorithm of Gupta et al. [FOCS'18] and the previously best n^ (1.981+o(1))k time combinatorial algorithm of Gupta et al. [STOC'19]. For combinatorial algorithms, this algorithm is optimal up to o(1) factors assuming recent hardness conjectures: we show by a straightforward reduction that k-CUT on even a simple graph is as hard as (k-1) -clique, establishing a lower bound of n^ (1-o(1))k for k-CUT. This settles, up to lower-order factors, the complexity of k-CUT on a simple graph for combinatorial algorithms.


Generalized function projective lag synchronization (GFPLS) is characterized by the output of the drive system proportionally lagging behind the output of the response system and ratio of the two systems is desired function scaling matrix. In this paper, GFPLS between different hyper chaotic systems with uncertain parameters, i.e. GFPLS between Lorenz-Stenflo (LS) and Lu hyper chaotic system, is studied by applying an adaptive control method. The adaptive controllers and corresponding parameter update rules are constructed to make the states of two diverse hyper chaotic systems asymptotically synchronize up to the desired scaling matrix and to estimate the uncertain parameters. The numerical simulations are provided to show the effectiveness of the results.


An international forum for original contributions and the exchange of knowledge and experience on the management of water resourcesPublishes contributions on water resources assessment, development, conservation and control, emphasizing policies and strategiesSupported scientifically by the European Water Resources AssociationWater Resources Management is an international, multidisciplinary forum for the publication of original contributions and the exchange of knowledge and experience on the management of water resources. In particular, the journal publishes contributions on water resources assessment, development, conservation and control, emphasizing policies and strategies. Contributions examine planning and design of water resource systems, and operation, maintenance and administration of water resource systems.Coverage extends to these closely related topics: water demand and consumption; applied surface and groundwater hydrology; water management techniques; simulation and modelling of water resource systems; forecasting and control of quantity and quality of water; economic and social aspects of water use; legislation and water resources protection. Water Resources Management is supported scientifically by the European Water Resources Association, a scientific and technical nonprofit-making European association


Over a period of 5 years, among 108 ovarian carcinomas, malignant ovarian cells in the vaginal smears were found 8 times. No psammoma bodies were observed in any single case.


We propose a generic workflow for the use of machine learning models to inform decision making and to communicate modelling results with stakeholders. It in-volves three steps: A comparative model evaluation, a decomposition of predicted values into feature contributions, and statistical inference on feature attributions. We use this workflow to forecast US unemployment one year ahead in a monthly dataset and find that universal function approximators, including random forests and neural networks, outperform conventional models. This better performance is associated with their greater flexibility in accounting for time-varying and nonlinear relationships in the data generating process. We use Shapley values to explain the predictions of the machine learning models and to identify the economically meaningful nonlinearities learned by the models, which allow us to make nuanced interpretations of model workings. Shapley regressions for statistical inference on machine learning models enable us to assess and communicate variable importance akin to conventional econometric approaches.


Inference of gene regulatory network (GRN) from gene expression profiles has been a central problem in systems biology and bioinformatics in the past decades. The tremendous emergency of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data brings new opportunities and challenges for GRN inference: the extensive dropouts and complicated noise structure may also degrade the performance of contemporary gene regulatory models. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop more accurate methods for gene regulatory network inference in single-cell data while considering the noise structure at the same time. In this paper, we extend the traditional structural equation modeling (SEM) framework by considering a flexible noise modeling strategy, namely we use the Gaussian mixtures to approximate the complex stochastic nature of a biological system, since the Gaussian mixture framework can be arguably served as a universal approximation for any continuous distributions. The proposed non-Gaussian SEM framework is called NG-SEM, which can be optimized by iteratively performing Expectation-Maximization algorithm and weighted least-squares method. Moreover, the Akaike Information Criteria is adopted to select the number of components of the Gaussian mixture. To probe the accuracy and stability of our proposed method, we design a comprehensive variate of control experiments to systematically investigate the performance of NG-SEM under various conditions, including simulations and real biological data sets. Results on synthetic data demonstrate that this strategy can improve the performance of traditional Gaussian SEM model and results on real biological data sets verify that NG-SEM outperforms other five state-of-the-art methods.


The intrusive (sample-free) spectral stochastic finite element method (SSFEM) is a powerful numerical tool for solving stochastic partial differential equations (PDEs). However, it is not widely adopted in academic and industrial applications because it demands intrusive adjustments in the PDE solver, which require substantial coding efforts compared to the non-intrusive (sampling) SSFEM. Using an example of stochastic PDE, in this article, we demonstrate that the implementational challenges of the intrusive approach can be alleviated using FEniCS -- a general purpose finite element package and UQTk -- a collection of libraries and tools for the quantification of uncertainty. Furthermore, the algorithmic details and code snippets are provided to assist computational scientists in implementing these methods for their applications. This article is extracted from the author's thesis [1].


This paper presents a method to view a system as a hierarchy of modules according to information hiding concepts and to identify architectural component candidates in this hierarchy. The result of the method eases the understanding of a system's underlying software architecture. A prototype tool implementing this method was applied to three systems written in C (each over 30 Kloc). For one of these systems, an author of the system created an architectural description. The components generated by our method correspond to those of this architectural description in almost all cases. For the other two systems, most of the components resulting from the method correspond to meaningful system abstractions


The integration of the Collins FMS-800 into the USAF/Grumman E-8C Joint STARS aircraft provides great flexibility for mission and nonmission operations. The E-8C incorporates a multirole flight management system (FMS) which enables the flight crew to be functionally integrated with the primary mission crew and also supports reduced-crew operations for global support and ferry missions. The system incorporates dual GPS-INS (Global Positioning System/inertial navigation system) integrated navigation, automated flight planning, guidance, cockpit management, and extensive support of mission crew coordination and automatic in-flight reconfiguration. For primary surveillance and targeting missions, the FMS supports the preplanned and impromptu Joint STARS flight objectives. For nonprimary mission operations with a reduced flight crew, the FMS operates independently of the prime mission equipment to enable global ferry flights, operations in the National Airspace System, and other support missions with reduced-crew workload through automation.<<ETX>>


Many researchers assume that until 10-12,000 years ago, humans lived in small, mobile, relatively egalitarian bands composed mostly of kin. This "nomadic-egalitarian model" informs evolutionary explanations of behavior and our understanding of how contemporary societies differ from those of our evolutionary past. Here, we synthesize research challenging this model and propose an alternative, the diverse histories model, to replace it. We outline the limitations of using recent foragers as models of Late Pleistocene societies and the considerable social variation among foragers commonly considered small-scale, mobile, and egalitarian. We review ethnographic and archaeological findings covering 34 world regions showing that non-agricultural peoples often live in groups that are more sedentary, unequal, large, politically stratified, and capable of large-scale cooperation and resource management than is normally assumed. These characteristics are not restricted to extant Holocene hunter-gatherers but, as suggested by archaeological findings from 27 Middle Stone Age sites, likely characterized societies throughout the Late Pleistocene (until c. 130 ka), if not earlier. These findings have implications for how we understand human psychological adaptations and the broad trajectory of human history.


History and Objectives: Astigmatism is one of eye diseases, which its correction specially in severe astigmatism may not be corrected with eyeglasses. The present study is designed to investigate the effect of arcuate incision on the correction of astigmatism among patients referred to the Labafi-Nejad hospital in 1996 to 1997. Materials and Methods: An experimental study was carried out to compare before and after the surgery on 24 patients. In order to correct the astigmatism, arcuate incisions were made for 30 to 90 degrees. The distance between the incisions from the center of retina was 7mm. Patients were followed seven months after the surgery, effect of operation on the patient's corrected vision and uncorrected vision, extent of astigmatism were determined and McNemar and paired student t-test analytical methods were carried out. Results: The study was performed on 24 patients (38 eyes) with mean age of 30±8.5 years and extent of astigmatism of 3.76±1.06 diopter. Patients were followed for 15.5±3.5 months. Surgery resulted in vision acuteness of more than 20/40 in 80% of the patients (P Conclusion: Surgery with arcuate incision was very effective in reducing astigmatism. It can improve patient's vision without any need for eyeglasses. In patients with severe astigmatism where the use of eyeglasses is not useful in providing improvement of vision, arcuate incision can be very effective in improving vision. Further research is required to obtain complete results.


The Abbreviated Mental Test is a screening tool for cognitive impairment in older adults now used in Thailand's annual national cognitive assessment required for all community-dwelling older adults in Thailand, however its validity has not been established for this purpose. This retrospective study evaluated the results of this abbreviated test as well as the Mini Mental State Examination, in a sample of older adults who participated in the national cognitive assessment in 2018 in Udon Thani Province, Thailand. Of the 174,227 cases, 1518 cases had scores on both tests. The Mini-Mental State Examination is performed on a select group of individuals who scored low on the initial and briefer test. Results indicated that the proportion of cognitive impairment as defined by the Abbreviated Mental Test (87.7%) was five times higher than indicated by the more rigorous Mini-Mental State Examination (16.3%). At the AMT standard cut point of 8 out of a total possible score of 10 for the presence of cognitive impairment, sensitivity was low (12.8%) but specificity was high (90.3%), while the optimal cut-point of 5 on the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve errs on the side of being highly sensitive but not specific enough to screen for cognitive impairment. Additionally, one item on the AMT was answered incorrectly by 95% of responders. Although brief and easy to administer, the AMT may be a suboptimal choice for screening for cognitive impairment. When administered by volunteer health workers, the AMT may also possess limited reliability and validity. Cognitive screening administered by nurses should be considered to help detect cognitive impairment older adults dwelling in the community.


The interaction between adsorbed ethyl xanthate on a clean Ge(111) surface and a hydroxylated surface was studied, using first-principle density functional theory. Geometrically optimized structures are presented and discussed. Results suggest a bidentate bridging conformation on a clean Ge(111) surface, whereas a monodentate bonding is preferred when the surface is saturated by hydrogen atoms. Then the interaction with a hydroxylated surface was considered. The lowest energy configuration was obtained when xanthate binds with one sulfur to the surface and with the other to an OH group adsorbed on the surface. A marker for this configuration was found in the vibrational spectra at 3200 cm -1 . Vibrational frequencies down to 250 cm -1 were calculated and assigned to vibrational modes and presented together with the calculated infrared spectra. The tilt angle of the hydrocarbon chain was also investigated.


Anxiety is the highest position which was experienced by mother during pregnancy anddelivery. That condition is caused, for woman psychology when facing delivery process, would always be covered with fear and more intense approaching the delivery process, especially, on primigravida. Therefore, support from husband is needed to give secure and comfortable feeling and a good outcome of delivery. The aim of research is to analiyze the relationship of husband's support and the anxiety of primigravida in facing delivery and analyzing the relationship of anxiety and outcome of delivery. Research design was using prospective cohort an number of sample were 95 respondents. Chi square calculation result showed there was relationship (p= 0,001) between husband's support and anxiety of pimigravida, if the husband did not give support with probability 97,94% have anxiety. There was relationship between mother's anxiety in facing over outcome of delivery (mothers : p= 0,013 and fetal p= 0,038) and if the husband did not give support and have anxiety have delivery with probability 54,5%, and then mother with anxiety have under of APGAR with probability of 51,9%.


We are interested in designing a low-cost, ultra-wide-band (UWB) sensor network, that consists of a large number of sensor nodes (SNs), which sense the environment and transmit the resulting data via a wireless radio link to so-called cluster heads (CHs). We focus on low-cost transmit-only SNs; the resulting uncoordinated multiuser-access causes packet collisions. To improve the robustness to packet collision, we propose two novel low-complexity noncoherent receiver architectures: (i) the adaptive CH receiver (CHR) that receives only packets whose signal strength is larger than an adaptive threshold; and (ii) the switching CHR that allows the focus to be switched from a packet of a given SN to a packet from another SN with higher signal strength. Using simulations, we show that the number of received packets during burst periods can be dramatically increased with the adaptive CHR, and even more so with the switching CHR.


AbstractDirect measurements of oceanic turbulent parameters were taken upstream of and across Drake Passage, in the region of the Subantarctic and Polar Fronts. Values of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate e estimated by microstructure are up to two orders of magnitude lower than previously published estimates in the upper 1000 m. Turbulence levels in Drake Passage are systematically higher than values upstream, regardless of season. The dissipation of thermal variance χ is enhanced at middepth throughout the surveys, with the highest values found in northern Drake Passage, where water mass variability is the most pronounced. Using the density ratio, evidence for double-diffusive instability is presented. Subject to double-diffusive physics, the estimates of diffusivity using the Osborn–Cox method are larger than ensemble statistics based on e and the buoyancy frequency.


This paper evaluates the effectiveness of using rounds of questions posed by work groups of an
Engineering Project course after their project presentations. Before, students were offered the
possibility of putting questions to speakers before the lecturer asked his/her own questions.
Unfortunately, student participation was often very low and questions sometimes lacked depth, or
were irrelevant or poorly stated. However, question time is a good moment to raise doubts, which can
help presenters think about their project. That is, student and lecturer participation can open the minds
of presenters to new ideas about their own work. Students' questions may even expand on the
lecturer's questions and also create a spirit of positive criticism among students as part of student
training. To enhance student participation, a controlled process is followed. Work groups think up and
write questions which are later included in their project portfolio. Finally, student questionnaires are
used to assess the process. Details of questionnaires and results, as well as an example of a project, are
given elsewhere in the paper


Objective Whether CPAP pressure derived from manual titration is the same as the pressure from automatic titrations is controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare the pressure derived from manual titration with the pressure from automatic titration. We also attempted to establish a formula to determine the appropriate CPAP pressure for Chinese individuals.

Methods Fifty-one patients with OSA (mean apnea/hypopnea index [AHI]=50.6 ±18.6 events/hour) who were newly diagnosed after an overnight full polysomnography and who were willing to accept CPAP as a long-term treatment were recruited for the study. Manual titration under the full polysomnography monitoring and unattended automatic titration with an automatic CPAP device (REMstar-auto, Respironics Inc. USA) were performed. We also performed a separate cohort study of one hundred patients with OSA (AHI= 54.3±18.9 events/h) by observing the efficacy and safety of CPAP pressure derived from manual titration.

Results The treatment pressure derived from automatic titration (9.8 ± 2.2 cmH2O) was significantly higher than that derived from manual titration (7.3± 1.5 cmH2O; p<0.001) in 51 patients. A cohort study of 100 patients showed that AHI was satisfactorily decreased after CPAP treatment using a pressure derived from manual titration (54.3±18.9 events/hour before treatment and 3.3±1.7 events/hour after treatment; P<0.001).

Conclusion Our results suggest that automatic titration pressure derived from REMstar-auto, is usually higher than the pressure derived from manual titration.

This work was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81120108001).


Although clinicians generally agree that patients with antisocial personality disorder should not be treated on general psychiatry units, little is known about the response to hospital treatment of personality disorder patients who have antisocial features or traits. In a study to identify predictors of positive and negative response to hospitalization, charts of all patients discharged from a private hospital with diagnoses of antisocial personality disorder or antisocial features over 52 months were reviewed. As a group the 33 patients did not respond well to treatment, and 70 percent left treatment prematurely. Significant predictors of negative response were histories of felony arrest and conviction; a history of repeated lying, aliases, and conning; and an unresolved legal situation at admission. Positive response was related to the presence of anxiety and an axis I diagnosis of depression. The authors believe that antisocial personality disorder is often underdiagnosed and that countertransference can present a significant obstacle to treatment of antisocial patients.


Progressive facial hemiatrophy (PFH) is a sporadic disease of unknown etiology. It is characterized by shrinking and deformation of one side of the face. Potential CNS involvement has repeatedly been suspected in some patients, but is still a matter of controversy. In this article we describe the clinical and MR imaging findings of the CNS in three female patients with PFH and present a comprehensive review of the literature. One of three PFH patients had partial epilepsy. MRI showed ventricular enlargement, white matter lesions, flattening of the cortical surface and meningeal adhesions homolateral to the facial hemiatrophy. Two other patients had completely normal intracranial findings. These findings confirm that cerebral hemiatrophy occurs in a subgroup of PFH patients. The MRI pattern, however, does not seem to be consistent with a simple atrophic or malnutritional process. We consider chronic localized meningoencephalitis with vascular involvement as a possible underlying mechanism for the occasional CNS involvement in PFH.


Remote sensing technologies can be applied for a wide range of gas leak flowrates and in three main cases: (1) major leaks in crisis management; (2) medium size leaks in safety monitoring; (3) small leaks in environmental monitoring. A gas test campaign, conducted by Total, the ONERA - the French Aerospace Lab - and ADCIS in September 2015 using three hyperspectral infrared cameras from Telops, confirmed our capacity to visualize in 3D and quantify in real time plumes of methane in the range of 1 g/s to 50g/s. The RD (2) a multispectral camera in the LWIR band (7-9μm); (3) a multigas LiDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging) system coupled with a wind LiDAR system; (4) five other international teams (US, Spain, Norway and France) were also invited to assess the capacity of their remote-sensing systems to quantify methane and carbon dioxide releases. The two-week test demonstrated that methane leak emissions ranging from 0.7 g/s to 140 g/s could be visualized and quantified in real time using a mobile Telops Hyper-Cam. This campaign also served to validate the performance of several remote sensing technologies. Total's Lacq Pilot Platform is a test area for qualifying cost-effective systems designed to complement the gas detection system of a plant and provide valuable information should a gas leak incident occur. New methodologies for the early detection of anomalies using remote observation systems including drones, robots and artificial intelligence data processing systems are currently being investigated there.


There is a growing need to translate large-scale legacy mainframe applications from COBOL to Java. This is to transform the applications into modern Web-based services, without sacrificing the original programming investments. Most often, COBOL-to-Java translators are used first for the base program transformations, and then corrections and fine tuning are applied by hand to the resulting code. However, there are many serious performance problems that frequently appear in those Java programs translated from COBOL, and it is particularly difficult to identify problems hidden deeply in large-scale middleware applications. This paper describes the details of some performance pitfalls that easily slip into large-scale Java applications translated from COBOL using a translator, and that are primarily due to the impedance mismatch between the two languages. We classified those problems into four categories: eager object allocations, exceptions in normal control flows, reflections in common paths, and inappropriate use of the Java class library. Using large-scale production middleware, we present detailed evaluation results, showing how much overhead these problems can cause, both independently and collectively, in real-world scenarios. The work should be a step forward toward understanding the problems and building tools to generate Java programs that have comparable performance with corresponding COBOL programs.


This research aims to propose a novel technique to design rigid baffle microphone arrays with complex geometry and their signal processing. The proposed technique relies on the use of the boundary element method (BEM) that allows to obtain a numerical model of the acoustic pressure captured by sensors of microphone arrays with any geometry. The beamforming strategy proposed in this study is based on the singular value decomposition (SVD), which is regarded as the general idea of the modal beamforming. In this research, the microphone array problem is setup in an inverse problem framework,and is formulated as a Fredholm's integral equation of the first kind. The beamformer is then realised and the discrete version of the problem is analysed and discussed. The proposed design technique is then applied to two case studies: ?firstly, to study spheroidal microphone array and, secondly, to study spherical microphone arrays with acoustic waveguides added to the surface of the arrays with the aim to extend their operating frequency bandwidth. Number of numerical simulations were carried out in both studies. The most significant results are presented in the second case study. It is proved via numerical simulations that the cavities on the spherical array allow for the reduction of spatial aliasing error. Moreover, the relation between the spherical harmonic beamforming and the SVD beamformer is discussed. An experiment was setup in order to demonstrate that the array with waveguides achieves the desired e?ffect with realisable. The experiment results indicate that the proposed technique is practical and can be implemented for real-life microphone array design.


This article presents a review of the current literature on the impact of ultrasonic waves widely used in physiotherapy. There is also a presentation of therapeutic indications contraindications, with particular attention to phonophoresis.


Abstract Post‐transplant hemolytic uremic syndrome characterized by microangiopathic hemolysis, throm‐bocytopenia, and renal failure is an infrequent but potentially serious complication in organ transplant recipients. Hemolytic uremic syndrome developed in 2 % (2/100) of our consecutive liver transplants. We report our patients and review a total of 91 cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome in adult solid organ transplant recipients reported in the literature. Ninety percent were observed in renal transplant recipients, 8 % in liver, and 1 % each in lung and heart transplant recipients. Eighty percent and 96 % of cases occurred within 90 days and 1 year, respectively, post‐transplantation. In renal transplant recipients, 23 Y of cases were due to post‐transplant recurrence of hemolytic uremic syndrome. In 50 % of renal transplant recipients and in all nonrenal solid‐organ transplant recipients, hemolytic uremic syndrome was attributed to cyclosporin or tacrolimus therapy. Notably, infections were not a significant precipitating factor for post‐transplant hemolytic uremic syndrome. Graft loss attributable to hemolytic uremic syndrome occurred in 43 % of renal transplant recipients while renal transplantation and hemodialysis were required in the lung and heart transplant recipients due to hemolytic uremic syndrome induced renal failure. The overall mortality was 13 % (12/91). Physicians caring for transplant recipients need to be aware of this potentially severe graft and life‐threatening disorder since prompt recognition and removal of identifiable risk factors is critical in the management of post‐transplant hemolytic uremic syndrome.


The paper presents an original analytical procedure for the determination of the ground fault current distribution in the cases when a feeding line is composed of three single-core cables. The procedure takes into account the existence of all three cable sheaths as the return path for the ground-fault current. The reduction factor for these types of cables as given by the cable manufacturer takes into consideration only the existence of the metal sheath of a faulted single-core cable. As a consequence of that, the estimations of the safety conditions (step and touch voltages) on the grounding systems of the supplied stations are too severe. For the high-voltage cables, a certain, sufficiently low reduction factor achieved by an increase of the sheath cross-section can be demanded from the manufacturer. In both cases, too conservative values for the reduction factor lead to unnecessary expenditures. The quantitative analysis performed in this paper shows that the reduction factor for three single-core cables belonging to the same line is significantly lower in comparison to the situation when each of these cables is treated separately.


A wideband circularly polarized (CP) rectangular dielectric resonator (DR) parasitically coupled to a printed rectangular loops is presented. The DR is housed in a thin dielectric substrate with a microstrip line and narrow strip printed from one side and a ground plane and conducting loops and lines connected to the ground plane. The DR is linearly polarized, and for CP, we introduced printed conducting loops in the other side of the DR, which produce the orthogonal polarization with the required quadratic phase. Several loops are used to achieve the wide CP band. The final design achieves CP with 51% bandwidth. The reflection coefficient, axial ratio (AR), radiation patterns, gain, and efficiency of the antenna are studied, and reasonable agreement between the measured and simulated results is observed.


Most of today's GUIs are designed for the typical, able-bodied user; atypical users are, for the most part, left to adapt as best they can, perhaps using specialized assistive technologies as an aid. In this paper, we present an alternative approach: SUPPLE++ automatically generates interfaces which are tailored to an individual's motor capabilities and can be easily adjusted to accommodate varying vision capabilities. SUPPLE++ models users. motor capabilities based on a onetime motor performance test and uses this model in an optimization process, generating a personalized interface. A preliminary study indicates that while there is still room for improvement, SUPPLE++ allowed one user to complete tasks that she could not perform using a standard interface, while for the remaining users it resulted in an average time savings of 20%, ranging from an slowdown of 3% to a speedup of 43%.


Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2014 Page 153 ABSTRACT This paper present a preliminary study of using a micro water jet as an environment friendly, cutting tool for sheet metal based rapid prototyping. Water jet have been used for sintering, solidifying and cutting materials to form a physical object layer by layer, but their high costs have motivated researchers to find for other less expensive technology or process as an alternative method. Basic introduction process of the micro water jet. Four different types of material sheets: metal, non metal, nature material, Polypropylene, Polyvinylchloride, natural rubber, have been found on their cut quality, surface finish and on the possibility of being implemented in this method. The results have shown that water jet process offers better cut quality as well as more environmentally friendly than the other processes. There are no's of area where the micro water jet process is used. Advantages of the water jet process to overcome the water jet process. Application of the water jet process are machining, general industries, electrical industries, medical technology, auto motive and motorsports, aerospace, watch making, etc. The future scopes for research in this process are Development of new cutting devices, cutting processes, Material tests, Process development and prototyping.


The difficulties associated with translating a set of scores into letter-grades are discussed. A novel method for automating this process, the Fuzzy Grading System, is developed and compared to traditional practices. Letter-grades are recognized to be fuzzy descriptors of students' performance. Thus, operations aimed at defining letter-grade boundaries are naturally carried out in the context of fuzzy set theory and logic. The Fuzzy Grading System utilizes students' and instructor's performance measures in order to modify a set of collectively approved, a priori fuzzy grades, so as to produce a "fair" mark distribution. The validity of grades is increased by compensating for factors that are not directly accessible to simpler, traditional grading methods. >


There is growing evidence that the traditional role of the sales organization in business-to-business marketing is quickly evolving from a tactical, operational function to a strategic capability concerned with the management of critical processes that support business strategy and deliver value to profitable customers. This topic is of major relevance to scholars in both the sales and marketing domains, and this relevance is underlined by the intense interest of managers and companies in how this field is changing. This collection is a unique gathering of views on the critical issues to be confronted in the strategizing of the sales function, from distinguished scholars from throughout the world. Their focus is on the linkages between strategic marketing and the corollary of strategic sales. This book was published as a special issue of Journal of Strategic Marketing.


Cytotoxic drugs induce apoptosis in human tumour cell lines and this is characterised by fragmentation of the cell's DNA into nucleosome size units or multiples thereof. In the present study we demonstrated that nuclei isolated from three human haematopoietic cell lines, HL-60, U937 and K562, contain an endonuclease that is independent of Ca++, Mg++ and Na+ ions for its activity. This contrasts with what has previously been shown for a number of rodent cell types in which apoptosis has been studied. The lack of ion sensitivity is also found in the nuclei of peripheral blood granulocytes, indicating the data are not peculiar to cell lines. In addition, this particular endonuclease activity does not appear to be sensitive to the endonuclease inhibitor aurintricarboxylic acid. The previously demonstrated lack of calcium flux in HL-60 cells undergoing apoptosis, and the current demonstration of a lack of an endonuclease dependent on this ion for its activity, suggest that the mechanism of apoptosis in human cells may be different from that in rodent cells.


PRODUCTION AND DIRECTION OF RADIO PROGRAMS, by John S. Carlile. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1939, pp. xx, 397, $3.75. Radio program production today is as specialized a profession as is production in the theater or motion pictures. The programs to which one tunes with the barest flick of the dial result from the cooperation of many highly skilled specialists-writers, musicians, actors, announcers, directors, sound effects experts, engineers and production men-a number of whom tend to further concentrate upon particular phases of their chosen part of the radio field. Mr. Carlile's book deals mainly with the production man, the specialist responsible for bringing the planned and written program to life in the studio and putting it on the air. It therefore is concerned principally with problems of acoustics, microphone placement, timing, the rules and conventions of announcing, and similar considerations. Within this limited but highly important field, Mr. Carlile's book should be a most valuable reference source for students of the radio art. Questions of acoustics and microphone placement are well handled and are effectively illustrated with diagrams of studio set-ups for leading radio programs. The appendices dealing with sound effects, kinds of microphones and studio construction are especially helpful. Program direction is one of the most evanescent and intangible phases of radio, much of which is concentrated in the word "showmanship." It is concerned with questions such as pacing and routining the show and wielding it into a unit with a distinct personality. It is extremely difficult to capture in words, and Mr. Carlile has been less successful with regard to this phase of his book. There is not the same development of detail which characterizes the discussion of the various aspects of production proper, and there is some question as to whether enough space has been devoted to the broader questions of program direction. The book also suffers by lack of clarity in organization of the introductory background chapters. Station organization and operation are treated too briefly and the relationship of THE JOURNAL OF MARKETING


In this paper, we focused on the identification of the perceptual properties of impacted materials to provide an intuitive control of an impact sound synthesizer. To investigate such properties, impact sounds from everyday life objects, made of different materials (wood, metal and glass), were recorded and analyzed. These sounds were synthesized using an analysis-synthesis technique and tuned to the same chroma. Sound continua were created to simulate progressive transitions between materials. Sounds from these continua were then used in a categorization experiment to determine sound categories representative of each material (called typical sounds). We also examined changes in electrical brain activity (using event related potentials (ERPs) method) associated with the categorization of these typical sounds. Moreover, acoustic analysis was conducted to investigate the relevance of acoustic descriptors known to be relevant for both timbre perception and material identification. Both acoustic and electrophysiological data confirmed the importance of damping and highlighted the relevance of spectral content for material perception. Based on these findings, controls for damping and spectral shaping were tested in synthesis applications. A global control strategy, with a three-layer architecture, was proposed for the synthesizer allowing the user to intuitively navigate in a "material space" and defining impact sounds directly from the material label. A formal perceptual evaluation was finally conducted to validate the proposed control strategy.


Cuoricino is a Double Beta Decay experiment operating deep underground, in the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy; at a depth of about 3500 m.w.e. The search for the 0νββ of 130Te is carried out with the bolometric technique and an upper limit of 3×1024 y (@ 90%C.L.) is set for this process. Cuoricino represents not only the most sensitive DBD Experiment presently operating but also a prototype for a next generation experiment, CUORE (Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events). The expected performance and sensitivity, based on Monte Carlo simulations and extrapolations of the present Cuoricino results, indicate that CUORE will be able to test the 0.02-0.05 eV region for the effective neutrino mass, having a high discovery potential in the inverted hierarchy region of the neutrino mass pattern.


Background: Nutrition during pregnancy is undoubtedly one of the most important factors affecting maternal health. In this regard, considering the cognitive-behavioral factors associated with feeding, behaviors will play an important role in the effectiveness of interventions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between food habits and structures of social cognitive theory in pregnant women. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 192 pregnant women were randomly selected. Data were collected using a questionnaire based on the social cognitive theory structures and food habits questionnaire in the questioning manner and was also analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression with the software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 19. Results: There was a significant correlation between nutritional behavior with self-regulation (p = 0.001), self-efficacy (p = 0.001), outcome expectations (p = 0.001), social support (p = 0.002), and access (p = 0.001). A significant correlation was observed between lack of consumption of unnecessary and unhelpful food with self-regulation (p = 0.02). In the multivariable regression analysis, only self-regulation revealed significant and direct contribution in relation to nutritional behavior (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Results of this study showed that self-regulation is one of the important factors associated with feeding behavior in pregnant women so that it is suggested to be considered in nutritional interventions in order to improve nutritional behavior.


Background Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tears have historically been underdiagnosed because they are often asymptomatic. It now appears that PCL tears occur more frequently than has been previously appreciated. The PCL is named for its insertion on the tibia. Objective The aim of this study was to clarify when and how to go for arthroscopic reconstruction of the PCL, reviewing the latest arthroscopic techniques. Patients and methods This prospective study included 20 patients (17 males and three females). Their mean age was 48 years [48.23±10.53 (range 20–60) years]. All patients presented with PCL injury, whether isolated injury or combined with other ligamentous injury, closed knee injury, with no previous ligamentous reconstruction of PCL on the same side, and all being fit for surgery. Preoperative radiographs and MRI were done to establish PCL injury diagnosis together with the clinical evaluation. Results We found that PCL injury was found to be combined with other ligamentous injury rather than isolated (60% combined injury). We found satisfactory highly statistically significant difference between preoperative and postoperative results according to Lysholm Score. The mean preoperative total Lysholm Score was 24.77 in comparisons with the mean postoperative total Lysholm Score of 90.13. Clinical examination according to IKCD Score shows less significant difference in general. In contrast, comparison between preoperative and postoperative results according to posterior drawer test and total score shows highly significant difference (P<0.001). Conclusion In our study, we reached the concept that arthroscopic reconstruction of PCL injuries has low rate of complications, within 13.33%. Arthroscopic single-bundle reconstruction may be complicated with hardware complications, loss of motion, infection, and donor site morbidity.


Sir, Glass et al ' compared parenteral nutrition with transpyloric feeding in two matched groups of infants weighing less than 1500 g at birth. In their hands parenteral nutrition resulted in a 40% mortality rate and a 70% infection rate. They recommend a method of transpyloric feeding which had to be abandoned in one third of their patients in favour of parenteral nutrition, while one third of the remainder developed necrotizing enterocolitis. We feel that this study is based on the false premise that there is one optimal regimen of feeding which can be rigidly administered to all low birthweight infants irrespective of their clinical status. Such an approach led to unacceptably, high mortality and morbidity which raises serious ethical questions. We were surprised that they continued with it for a period of one year in the face of such disturbing results. We contend that a flexible approach based on a full clinical assessment of the individual patient would avoid many of the difficulties encountered by the authors. It is our practice to introduce enteral feeds only after stabilising the vital signs of the infant and establishing acid base and biochemical homeostasis. It is important to increase the volume of milk according to a continuous assessment of the individual infant's tolerance judged by gastric retention, the presence of bile stained aspirate, abdominal distention or tenderness, and the passing of normal motions. The full nutritional needs of the individual infant may be met by supplementing enteral feeds by partial parenteral nutrition until full enteral feeding is established. By the same process of reasoning we agree with the authors that a rigid policy of withholding enteral feeds in the first two to three weeks of life in all very low birthweight infants as suggested by Eyal et al 2 is unnecessary but support their plea for caution in the introduction of milk. In a small proportion of very immature or sick infants total parenteral nutrition may be required for prolonged periods because they are unable to tolerate enteral feeds based on the above criteria. Contrary to the experience of Glass et al 1 we have found this to be a safe and effective procedure when properly managed in agreement with the findings of Yu et al. By adopting this individualised flexible approach based on continuous clinical and laboratory monitoring, the iatrogenic infection rate of our very low birthweight infants is less than three per cent and the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis is less than two per cent. We expect a survival rate of over 95% for infants between 1 and 1-5 kg and of over 60% in infants under 1 kg, excluding those with lethal congenital malformations


This paper reports experience and describes the tools used in parallelizing large application programs of two kinds : Monte-Carlo simulation and linear programming optimization. These techniques are used in a large number of applications in system operations and planning, and in various fields of engineering and science. Parallelism is analysed on the subroutine level and the programmer will be responsible for adapting the existing application code to the parallel environment. The tools comprise a multi-processor computing system with parallel processing software facilities, a concurrent processing simulator for helping on problem partition and debugging, and a data-base containing information on the application's variables and subroutines. The goal is to reduce execution times taking into account the solution structure. Three case studies illustrate the application of the above tools and the development methodology. Results obtained show a very high efficiency in the use of the concurrent processors.


The aim of the study was the clinical and trichological examination (trichogram and hair loss evaluation) conducted comparatively before and after the treatment in 46 women between pubescence and 30 years of age who had symptoms of diffuse alopecia. Calcium pantothenate was administered twice a day orally in doses 100 mg for 4-5 months. Vitamin B6 was injected every day (i ampoule intramusculary) for the period of 20 to 30 days and repeated again after 6 month. On the basis of clinical and trichological studies it was revealed that vitamin B6 administered parenterally for a period of several weeks induces improvement in the hair condition in a number of women and it reduces the hair loss especially in alopecia of telogenic patomechanism. Whereas calcium pantothenate in feminine diffuse alopecia did not show clearly the positive effect.


The aim of this study was to determine the solubility of dental cements in artificial saliva of different pH values. A total of 180 specimens--20 specimens (20 mm diameter x 1.5 mm thickness) for each dental cement-were prepared. After the specimens were weighed, they were set in the media with different pH values. After 24 hours, 72 hours, seven days, and 28 days, the specimens were taken out, dried in a desiccator, and re-weighed. Percentage of solubility at each time period was calculated as 100 per cent times weight loss divided by the initial weight of the specimen. Analysis of variance and LSD multiple comparison test were applied. It was found that cement type, storage time, and medium pH exerted statistically significant (p<0.001) effects on solubility. Among the tested cement types, zinc phosphate cement (Adhesor Carbofine) presented the highest solubility. In terms of medium pH, the cements seemed to be most stable in the medium with pH 7.


South-central United States forest landowners were surveyed to determine their forestry-related educational needs and appropriate methods for promoting effective programs covering desired topics. The majority of respondents had not participated in past educational programs because they were unaware of their existence. Therefore, forestry professionals and university Extension personnel should inform and encourage nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) landowners to take advantage of available opportunities. They should also use tax rolls to develop forest landowner databases. Once developed, newsletters, pamphlets, brochures, or letters should be mailed to increase forest landowner knowledge and awareness of forestry-related educational programs and activities.


The care of the elderly is complex, with multiple agencies and individuals involved. We propose a new way of developing an ontology to reflect these aspects within a real-time home monitoring system so that it captures real-life circumstances and interactions. Our new methodology incorporates iterative and evaluative stages to ensure the ontology captures implementable interactions and concepts. We have applied it to the iCarer project which was developed to assist informal carers with the activities of daily care for the elderly.


This paper describes a system to aid in reviewing writing by nurses. Since 2010, we have held workshops for hospital nurses to help reduce the problem of burnout among the occupation. In workshops, novice nurses write about their specific experiences in their work. A tutor reviews their writing, and provides advice to help nurses think about their jobs differently despite their individual difficulties. To design our system, we investigated words from tutors' reviews and have constructed a reviewing ontology. Our system provides young tutors comments based on the words they use in reviewing. We expect this system can help provide a scaffold for tutors to review writings.


Technology binding is the process of mapping a technology independent description of a circuit into a particular technology. This paper outlines a formalism of this problem and offers a solution to the problem in terms of matching patterns, describing technology specific cells and optimizations, against a technology independent circuit represented as a directed acyclic graph. This solution is implemented in DAGON. DAGON rests on a firm algorithmic foundation, and is able to guarantee locally optimal matches against a set of over three thousand patterns. DAGON is an integral part of a synthesis system that has been found to provide industrial quality solutions to real circuit design problems.


Energy is one of the key sectors in Uganda's economy.  The present peak demand is about 40 MW and growing at an annual rate of 8%.  Therefore, in order to meet this growth demand, about 20 MW of new generating capacity needs to be added each year (Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development (MEMD), 2009). Observation was made on the major method used for collecting data for the status of energy sector. This chapter was derived from objective entitled examining the status of the energy sector in Uganda with focus on electricity of the study. According to the National Development Plan (NDP- 2010/11-2014), energy is one of the complementary sectors. The NDP highlights the limited access and use of energy as a factor that significantly slows down economic and social transformation. The low energy consumption per capita in Uganda is identified as a major contributing factor to the slow economic transformation by limiting industrialization as well as value addition. Energy exploitation and consumption patterns indicate that Uganda is still in infancy stage of energy application in production. The current exploitation pattern of energy in Uganda comprises Biomass (92%), Fossil Fuels (7%) and Electricity (1%). Most of the residential/domestic energy consumption is biomass used in form of wood as charcoal and firewood, a situation that is not sustainable as this form of energy is nonrenewable, costly and has significant negative impacts on the environment (MEMD, 2002).  The NDP identifies low level of access, high tariff and low generation as the main reasons for a lot of reliance on biomass energy. This pattern also explains the low levels of industrialization and commercial production in the country.