Several tens of thousands of temperature profiles are used to investigate the thermal evolution of the cold wake of Typhoon Fanapi, 2010. Typhoon Fanapi formed a cold wake in the Western North Pacific Ocean on 18 September characterized by a mixed layer that was >2.5 °C cooler than the surrounding water, and extending to >80 m, twice as deep as the preexisting mixed layer. The initial cold wake became capped after 4 days as a warm, thin surface layer formed. The thickness of the capped wake, defined as the 26 °C–27 °C layer, decreased, approaching the background thickness of this layer with an e‐folding time of 23 days, almost twice the e‐folding lifetime of the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) cold wake (12 days). The wake was advected several hundreds of kilometers from the storm track by a preexisting mesoscale eddy. The observations reveal new intricacies of cold wake evolution and demonstrate the challenges of describing the thermal structure of the upper ocean using sea surface information alone.


The New Economic Policy of 1991 and National Steel Policy 2005 are influenced the Indian Steel Industry in many ways. The system, there went radical changes. For steel makers, economic reforms opened up new channel for their inputs at competitive prices from other markets while unveiling new markets for their products. It also led to greater access to information on global operations and techniques in manufacturing. It seems that Indian Steel industry will grow at a robust rate with significant increase in both production and consumption. The demand for steel in the country has been projected at 200 million tonnes by 2020. To attain the above, Indian steel industry problems and challenges are to be addressed. In this view the researcher has made an attempt to reveal the problems and challenges before the Indian Steel Industry.


Using our newly developed explicit three-body (E3B) water model, we simulate the surface of liquid water. We find that the timescale for hydrogen-bond switching dynamics at the surface is about three times slower than that in the bulk. In contrast, with this model rotational dynamics are slightly faster at the surface than in the bulk. We consider vibrational two-dimensional (2D) sum-frequency generation (2DSFG) spectroscopy as a technique for observing hydrogen-bond rearrangement dynamics at the water surface. We calculate the nonlinear susceptibility for this spectroscopy for two different polarization conditions, and in each case we see the appearance of cross-peaks on the timescale of a few picoseconds, signaling hydrogen-bond rearrangement on this timescale. We thus conclude that this 2D spectroscopy will be an excellent experimental technique for observing slow hydrogen-bond switching dynamics at the water surface.


Micro-encapsulation and immuno-isolation of allogenic and xenogenic tissues and cells is a promising method for the treatment of a variety of metabolic disorders. Many years have been spent optimizing spherical microcapsules, yet micro-encapsulation has not achieved its full clinical potential. As an alternative to spherical microcapsules, this study presents an alginate-encapsulated array of self-assembled three-dimensional (3D) microtissues. Monodispersed HepG2 cells were seeded onto a micro-molded agarose gel. Cells settled to the bottom of the mold recesses and self-assembled 3D microtissues (n = 822) within 24 h. This array of densely packed microtissues was encapsulated in situ using alginate. When separated from the agarose micro-mold, the encapsulated array had HepG2 microtissues in close proximity to its surface. This surface could be further modified by a simple dipping process. Microtissue size, viability, and albumin secretion were all controllable by the number of cells seeded onto the original agarose micro-mold, and microtissue shape and spacing were controllable by the design of the micro-mold. This approach to encapsulation and the use of self-assembled/self-packing 3D microtissues offers new design possibilities that may help to address certain limitations of conventional microcapsules.


A novel fully nano-equiaxed-structured thermal insulation Y2O3-stabilised ZrO2 (YSZ) coating was first successfully deposited using very-low-pressure plasma spray (VLPPS) and the agglomerates feedstock from nanometer-sized powders. The microstructure of fully nano-equiaxed-structured coating is different from that of a "bimodal microstructure", which is currently the dominant nanostructured coating. This desirable structure in the new TBCs appears to be responsible for their improved thermal cycling lifetimes and reduced thermal conductivity relative to those of conventional plasma-sprayed TBCs with lamellar structures or bimodal structures. Preliminary results from experiments aimed at understanding the VLPPS deposition mechanisms suggest that the nanometre-scale equiaxed in the coating are formed from original nano-particles, they underwent melted in the low pressure plasma plume and solidification onto the substrate. The VLPPS method, which offers some unique advantages over the conventional plasma-spray process, is generic in nature and can be potentially used to deposit a wide variety of ceramic coatings for diverse applications.


Provided is a control device for an engine which is provided with an electric oil pump that circulates cooling water, and for which the flow volume of the cooling water is restricted to a greater extent when the temperature of the cooling water is below a threshold value than when at or above the threshold value. The control device is equipped with a water temperature sensor that detects the temperature of the cooling water, and a control unit that drives the pump so as to increase the flow volume of the cooling water when the flow volume of the cooling water is restricted, and then stops the engine in response to the temperature detected by the water temperature sensor.


Novelty detection is already used in many Natural Processing Language (NLP) applications, such as information retrieval systems, Web search engines, text summarization, question answering systems...etc. This study aims to detect novel Arabic sentence level information patterns. The Length Adjusted (LA) model is based on sentence level information patterns is used, which depends on the sentence length. Test results show a significant improvement in the performance of novelty detection for Arabic texts in terms of precision at top ranks.


Smartphone become something inseparable with adolescents. Like a double-edged knife, Smartphone can give good or bad effect for adolescents, one of them is on teenage sexual behavior. This study aims to determine the effect of Smartphone on adolescents desire to marry early. The population is all Senior High School (SMA) and Vocational School (SMK) in Pasuruan Regency. Data were collected by questionnaire. The obtained data is analyzed by multiple regression analysis. The results showed that ease access to internet and parental controls have no significant effect on adolescents desire to marry early. The adolescents desire to marry early more affected by peers milieu and religious activities. The positive peers milieu and religious activity followed have a positive effect on mindset of adolescents to choose a way of life in accordance with religious advice, namely getting married. Considering these results, it is advisable for parents and teachers to lead adolescents to a more positive association, such as come to religious environments, following groups of youth information and counseling centers (PIK-Adolescents) and not forget to apply 8 family functions Keywords : BKKBN, adolescents desire to marry early, Smartphone,


Abstract Lacking a federal policy to address local water deficiencies within the United States, many states have developed their own methods for monitoring drought in an effort to mitigate its effects. This article provides an overview of efforts to standardize the use of drought indices in order to compare recent and historical drought both spatially and temporally for Arizona. Yearly averages of the Palmer Drought Severity Index and the Standardized Precipitation Index are placed into a frequency distribution to create standardization among the indices. The 1896–1904 drought ranked as the most severe, although the 1996–2004 drought was a close second.


Important biological mechanisms, such as signal transduction and gene expression, are mediated by numerous interacting multifunctional molecules, whose expression and activation are tightly regulated in space and time in response to stimuli. In order to describe the network of functional inter-relationships that govern such mechanisms, we use simple algorithms to interpret multiple variable measurements, identify the prominent participants, evaluate their interactions and obtain a 'functional fingerprint' of cell behaviour. Dynamic measurements of responses yield hierarchical information about causal relations in the underlying pathway. As a proof of principles we apply this approach to phosphorylation assays in protein gels, probing hormone and insulin signalling.


papermen. None of the state governments comes off very well, but the least denunciation, perhaps, is expended on Nebraska. The author of the chapter on that state, J. E. Lawrence, is a devoted admirer of the late Senator Norris, who had a profound liberal influence upon the government and politics of the state, an effect which the Butlers and Wherrys have been unable so far to undo. It is difficult to say which state


In this study, a neutral-current suppressor is proposed. The proposed neutral-current suppressor comprises a zero-sequence transformer, a single-phase power converter and a rectifier. The proposed zero-sequence transformer is implemented by only two single-phase transformers, which are connected to three-phase lines of the three-phase four-wire distribution power system to supply a zero-sequence current path. The single-phase power converter is connected between the zero-sequence transformer and neutral line. A rectifier with small power rating is connected to the DC bus of single-phase power converter for overcoming the power loss of single-phase power converter to sustain a constant DC voltage. The performance of neutral-current suppression for the zero-sequence transformer is advanced by controlling the single-phase power converter so as to make the neutral load current flow through the proposed neutral-current suppressor. Moreover, the proposed neutral-current suppressor can also avoid the neutral current caused by the unbalanced voltage of three-phase four-wire distribution power systems. Hence, the proposed neutral-current suppressor is an effective solution to the neutral-current problem of three-phase four-wire distribution power systems. Both computer simulation and experimental results verify that the proposed neutral-current suppressor can achieve the expected performance.


As inspired oxygen availability falls with ascent to altitude, some individuals develop high‐altitude headache (HAH). We postulated that HAH results when hypoxia‐associated increases in cerebral blood flow occur in the context of restricted venous drainage, and is worsened when cerebral compliance is reduced. We explored this hypothesis in 3 studies.


Audio-visual automatic speech recognition is a promising approach to robust ASR under noisy conditions. However, up until recently it had been traditionally studied in isolation assuming the video of a single speaking face matches the audio, and selecting the active speaker at inference time when multiple people are on screen was put aside as a separate problem. As an alternative, recent work has proposed to address the two problems simultaneously with an attention mechanism, baking the speaker selection problem directly into a fully differentiable model. One interesting finding was that the attention indirectly learns the association between the audio and the speaking face even though this correspondence is never explicitly provided at training time. In the present work we further investigate this connection and examine the interplay between the two problems. With experiments involving over 50 thousand hours of public YouTube videos as training data, we first evaluate the accuracy of the attention layer on an active speaker selection task. Secondly, we show under closer scrutiny that an end-to-end model performs at least as well as a considerably larger two-step system that utilizes a hard decision boundary under various noise conditions and number of parallel face tracks.


Entity Linking aims to link entity mentions in texts to knowledge bases, and neural models have achieved recent success in this task. However, most existing methods rely on local contexts to resolve entities independently, which may usually fail due to the data sparsity of local information. To address this issue, we propose a novel neural model for collective entity linking, named as NCEL. NCEL apply Graph Convolutional Network to integrate both local contextual features and global coherence information for entity linking. To improve the computation efficiency, we approximately perform graph convolution on a subgraph of adjacent entity mentions instead of those in the entire text. We further introduce an attention scheme to improve the robustness of NCEL to data noise and train the model on Wikipedia hyperlinks to avoid overfitting and domain bias. In experiments, we evaluate NCEL on five publicly available datasets to verify the linking performance as well as generalization ability. We also conduct an extensive analysis of time complexity, the impact of key modules, and qualitative results, which demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed method.


A dynamical model is presented for aeolian vibrations of single conductors. The exciting nonlinear forces acting on the conductor is deduced from known experimental data of a circular rigid cylinder mounted on an elastic suspension and oscillating transversally in a flowing fluid. The extrapolation from the rigid cylinder to the flexible structure leads to a nonlinear boundary value problem. Stability conditions and solution behaviour are studied by perturbation techniques. The finite difference method is applied to integrate the mathematical model. The model is able to predict the amplitudes of steady-state motion (limit-cycles) in any mode of vibration of the conductor. >


We analyzed 27 established and new simple and therefore perhaps portable satellite phycocyanin pigment reflectance algorithms for estimating cyanobacterial values in a temperate 8.9 km2 reservoir in southwest Ohio using coincident hyperspectral aircraft imagery and dense coincident water surface observations collected from 44 sites within 1 h of image acquisition. The algorithms were adapted to real Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI), synthetic WorldView-2, Sentinel-2, Landsat-8, MODIS and Sentinel-3/MERIS/OLCI imagery resulting in 184 variants and corresponding image products. Image products were compared to the cyanobacterial coincident surface observation measurements to identify groups of promising algorithms for operational algal bloom monitoring. Several of the algorithms were found useful for estimating phycocyanin values with each sensor type except MODIS in this small lake. In situ phycocyanin measurements correlated strongly (r2 = 0.757) with cyanobacterial sum of total biovolume (CSTB) allowing us to estimate both phycocyanin values and CSTB for all of the satellites considered except MODIS in this situation.


This study aimed the evaluation of the alternating and sustained attentional functions performance in a sample of an adult Brazilian population with high level of schooling. Were evaluated 14 subjects between 45 and 59 years old with level of schooling equal or higher than 18 years. The evaluation was conducted through semistructered interview, MEEM, depression and anxiety scale and neuropsychological tests, with focus on Trail Making Test. A descriptive analysis was performed in the TMT A and the TMT B and the results were within the expected age of the subjects. These data corroborate with studies that show the influence of time of schooling on achievement and learning of a cognitive-motor task and may contribute to the future performance comparisons between different age groups, since there are just a few findings which evaluate the intermediate age groups.


A massive burn is one of the most serious injuries resulting in major imbalances of the immune system. The aftermath of a burn is frequently complicated by infections and septic events that additionally increase mortality and morbidity. The aim of the present study was to investigate if insulin attenuates the cytokine response of burned mice challenged with Pseudomonas. Male mice (C57/BL/6) received a full thickness burn of 35% of their total body surface area. Mice received 5 IU/kg insulin i.p. or an equal volume of saline for 5 days after burn. Mice were challenged with 5 × 107 colony forming units Pseudomonas aeruginosa intraperitoneally. Serum was harvested 6 h after the bacterial challenge, and 18 serum cytokines were measured using the Bio-Plex suspension array system (Bio-Rad, Hercules, Calif). All 18 cytokines were elevated after the Pseudomonas challenge. However, mice treated with insulin showed significantly lower proinflammatory cytokine concentrations of interleukin 5, interleukin 6, and keratinocyte-derived chemokine after the Pseudomonas infection when compared with placebo-treated mice (P < 0.05). In contrast, serum concentrations of G-CSF were significantly higher in insulin-treated animals when compared with placebo (P < 0.05). We conclude, that insulin treatment selectively modulates specific cytokines in a burn wound infection model.


Saffron, known as expensive spice on the world and distinguished by its delicate flavor and attractive yellow color, is basically cultivated in Iran, Spain, and India. Besides to its use as spice, saffron is also esteemed as medical plant and since short time, has been investigated as a new safe source of natural antioxidants for the food industry. Saffron stigma includes crocin, picrocrocin, safranal. The objective of this study was to find a suitable solventwith optimized extraction temperature and time to produce saffron extract with improved quality factors. For this purpose, the active compounds of saffron were extracted using different solvent (water, aqueous ethanoland aqueous methanol) and different solvent concentration (30%, 50%and 80%) in different times (1, 5 and 72 h). The effect of time and solvent concentration on the extraction yield of three major constituents of saffron was investigated at 25°C, 40°C and 60°C. Results showed that the optimal parameters to extract the target compounds from saffron were as follows: extraction solvent: 50% aqueous ethanol; extraction condition 5h at 25 °C. The crocin, picrocrocin and safranal content of the extract produced were respectively 423.9, 49.51 and 133.1 compared to 229.7, 27.92 and 75.17 for the control.


Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) occurs in ∼5% of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-infected individuals and is conventionally thought to be a monoclonal disease in which a single HTLV-1(+) T-cell clone progressively outcompetes others and undergoes malignant transformation. Here, using a sensitive high-throughput method, we quantified clonality in 197 ATL cases, identified genomic characteristics of the proviral integration sites in malignant and nonmalignant clones, and investigated the proviral features (genomic structure and 5' long terminal repeat methylation) that determine its capacity to express the HTLV-1 oncoprotein Tax. Of the dominant, presumed malignant clones, 91% contained a single provirus. The genomic characteristics of the integration sites in the ATL clones resembled those of the frequent low-abundance clones (present in both ATL cases and carriers) and not those of the intermediate-abundance clones observed in 24% of ATL cases, suggesting that oligoclonal proliferation per se does not cause malignant transformation. Gene ontology analysis revealed an association in 6% of cases between ATL and integration near host genes in 3 functional categories, including genes previously implicated in hematologic malignancies. In all cases of HTLV-1 infection, regardless of ATL, there was evidence of preferential survival of the provirus in vivo in acrocentric chromosomes (13, 14, 15, 21, and 22).


Introduction: The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of instructing hardiness components on anxiety level of National Olympic Committee personnel. Materials and methods: The study was a semi-experimental research. The statistical population included all the personnel of the National Olympic Committee of Islamic Republic of Iran employed in 2013-2014 who contained 117 individuals. Simple random sampling method was used to recruit 25 participants (15 males and 10 females) for the study. The research tools used in the study were hardiness and Ketel's anxiety questionnaires. Data were analyzed through SPSS software using independent t-test and multivariate regression. Results: Findings showed that the mean of anxiety changed before and after instructing hardiness components because all the meaningful values were less than 0.05 of significance level. In a word, instructing hardiness component influenced anxiety. Conclusion: Results of this research indicated that hardiness predicts the changes related to the hardiness problems to a large extent. Therefore, it explains the negative relation of hardiness with anxiety. It means that this technique reduces anxiety and increases the efficiency and effectiveness in the organization as much as individuals learn the technique to oppose the stress by instructing hardiness. These results represent the important role of instructing hardiness to decline work anxiety.


Maternal experience before and during pregnancy is known to play a key role in offspring development. However, the influence of social cues about disease in the maternal environment has not been explored. We indirectly exposed pregnant mice to infected neighbours by housing them next to non-contagious conspecifics infected with Babesia microti. We examined the effect of this indirect immunological exposure on both the females and their adult offspring. Exposed females had higher levels of serum corticosterone and increased kidney growth compared with those with uninfected neighbours. These exposed females subsequently produced offspring that as adults showed an accelerated immune response to B. microti and less aggression in social groups. We suggest that ambient information regarding disease is used adaptively to maximize offspring survival and reproductive success in a challenging environment. Our results shed light on the impact of social information and maternal effects on life histories, and have important consequences for our understanding of epidemiology and individual disease susceptibility in humans and other animals. They also lead us to question the suitability of some laboratory housing conditions during experimental procedures, which may impact negatively upon both animal welfare and the validity of animal science.


Ubud which is famous for cultural tourism has encouraged the local community to participate in these tourism activities. Performing traditional dance that develops in every banjar in Ubud by involving local communities in the implementation will certainly contribute to the lives of people in Ubud both material and non-material. This study aims to determine the contribution of traditional dance performances as a tourist attraction to the welfare of local communities in the Indigenous Village of Ubud, Ubud District, Gianyar Regency.In this study using primary data sources and supported by secondary data obtained directly by observation and interviews, and the data analysis technique used in this study is qualitative analysis by reducing data which is then presented and concluded. The results of this study show that the contribution of traditional performing arts to the welfare of the local community can be seen from the community's involvement, either directly or indirectly. Being involved in performance performances is a side profession for the local community. Apart from helping economically, the results of this art performance can also contribute to the socio-cultural field of the community in traditional villages.Keyword: Contributions, Performing Arts, Prosperity, Local Communities


Abstract The Cajon Pass Deep Scientific Drillhole penetrated a minimum of 1 km of Late Cretaceous (?) intermediate plutonic rocks containing magmatic anhydrite, which occurs as both matrix grains and relic microphenocrysts within poikilitic hornblende, plagioclase, and sphene. Phase equilibria of coexisting silicates, oxides, and apatite support petrographic evidence of hypersolidus anhydrite, indicating that intermediate rocks from a mafic-felsic calc-alkalic suite (or suites) crystallized from about 800 to 700 °C at Ptot ~6 kb from hydrous and oxidized, sulfate-saturated andesitic to dacitic magma. The occurrence of anhydrite as inclusions within early crystallizing phases and its association with sulfate-enriched apatite indicates that, despite the potentially rapid destruction of matrix anhydrite by subareal weathering, petrologic evidence of the nature of such volatile-rich magma systems can be retrieved. If found to be widespread by future work, such evidence could be useful in understanding the mechanisms of volatile enrichment in explosive sulfur-rich volcanic systems and the potential relative roles of metasomatized lithospheric mantle sources and shallow-level mixing/ assimilation processes in Cordilleran arc magma systems.


In Australia, pay awards by government tribunals .cover nearly the entire work force, and those awards set equal pay for comparable union and nonunion workers. Union members may, however, secure higher compensation through plant-level bargaining. This study uses 1984-88 panel data to estimate the magnitude of union effects on compensation by examining changes in the compensation of employees who enter and leave unionjobs, relative to changes in the compensation of workers who remain union or nonunion. The results show that union workers in Australia enjoy 7-18% higher wages than comparable nonunion workers and are also more likely to have access to a pension plan.


Film industry as a creative industry influences the socio-economic development of territories both directly and indirectly. Cinema-induced tourism inspired by popular movies is an example of such informational effect of the industry. It was studied basing on 410 Russian movies released from 2000 to mid-2017 which were selected from the Kinopoisk and IMDb lists. Thematic tours was organized after the movies «Vysotsky: Thank God I'm alive», «The geographer drank his globe away» and «Piter FM». Scenery constructed for the movies «Zapiski ekspeditora Taynoy kancelyarii» and «The Horde» became tourist objects. The rise of tourist interest and place recognition of the corresponding regions was caused by the films «Fortress of War», «Leviathan» and «Territory».


OBJECTIVE
To assess the relative contributions of white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) volume loss to spinal cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS).

DESIGN
Postmortem study of transverse sections obtained from 5 levels of the spinal cord, with measurement of the cross-sectional GM and WM areas.

SETTING
Department of Neuropathology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England.

PATIENTS
Fifty-five MS cases and 33 controls.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Size of the WM and GM areas.

RESULTS
The WM area was significantly reduced in MS cases in the upper but not the lower cord levels. The GM area was not significantly different between MS and control cases.

CONCLUSION
Spinal cord atrophy in MS is due to WM rather than GM volume loss.


Named Entity Recognition (NER) focuses on locating the mentions of name entities and classifying their types, usually referring to proper nouns such as persons, places, organizations, dates, and times. The NER results can be used as the basis for relationship extraction, event detection and tracking, knowledge graph building, and question answering system. NER studies usually regard this research topic as a sequence labeling problem and learns the labeling model through the large-scale corpus. We propose a GGSNN (Gated Graph Sequence Neural Networks) model for Chinese healthcare NER. We derive a character representation based on multiple embeddings in different granularities from the radical, character to word levels. An adapted gated graph sequence neural network is involved to incorporate named entity information in the dictionaries. A standard BiLSTM-CRF is then used to identify named entities and classify their types in the healthcare domain. We firstly crawled articles from websites that provide healthcare information, online health-related news and medical question/answer forums. We then randomly selected partial sentences to retain content diversity. It includes 30,692 sentences with a total of around 1.5 million characters or 91.7 thousand words. After manual annotation, we have 68,460 named entities across 10 entity types: body, symptom, instrument, examination, chemical, disease, drug, supplement, treatment, and time. Based on further experiments and error analysis, our proposed method achieved the best F1score of 75.69% that outperforms previous models including the BiLSTM-CRF, BERT, Lattice, Gazetteers, and ME-CNER. In summary, our GGSNN model is an effective and efficient solution for the Chinese healthcare NER task.


A trajectory tracking control system design of an autonomous two-wheeled robot (TWR) is presented. The control system objective is to steer the TWR move on a desired trajectory in planar space. The TWR has two kinds of movement: moving forward/backward and turning to the right/left, where the movements are represented by a non-linear kinematics equation. Simplifying the trajectory tracking control system design, the non-linear kinematics equation is approximated by a linear kinematics equation. Linear quadratics regulator (LQR) method is applied to design the trajectory tracking control system. The designed control system is evaluated through computer simulation. Simulation results show that the designed control system is able to make the TWR track a desired trajectory that located 1.4 meter away from the TWR initial position within 3 seconds.


Shrimps are good source of protein and also good exportable item for its quality all over the world. Inappropriate use of antibiotics in the production of local and export quality shrimps can facilitate infiltration of antibiotic residues into human bodies which are toxic enough to cause serious health hazard. The present study was investigated to determine the antibiotic residues in some selected local market and export quality shrimps and also commercial shrimp feeds in chattogram. Local grade and export grade samples of Black tiger shrimps (Penaeus monodon) and feeds of four different companies were taken for the completion of this study. The permissible residual limit for the shrimp samples were- 0.3(μg/kg) for Chloramphenicol and 1.0 (μg/kg) for AHD, AMOZ, SEM, AOZ. Black tiger shrimps from local market 1 had high concentration of Chloramphenicol (0.35 μg/kg) and SEM (1.2 μg/kg) residues whereas Market 2 showed maximum residues in AMOZ (1.2 μg/kg) and SEM (1.1 μg/kg). Whereas, Market 3 showed negative result. Local market 4 had high concentration of Chloramphenicol (0.4 μg/kg) and AOZ (1.2 μg/kg) residues. However, in export grade shrimps antibiotic residues was found under the maximum residual limit in all samples. Also, among four feed tested, two of them were found positive for chlorampenicol and nitrofurans. The result was considered significant where P>0.05. So, legal actions should be taken against the farmers and the farms that overuse antibiotics in shrimps. Also, people should be made aware of the harmful effects of antibiotics so that the impact can be minimized.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2020, 6(4): 623-627


DWDM PON architectures are of high interest and are on the way to becoming commercially realized, the bandwidth can be substantially scaled up compared to common PON networks concepts. AWG based structures for MUX/DEMUX applications in WDM-PON networks are ideal, adapting perfectly to PON architectures, allowing cyclic character and are leveraging the state of the art PLC processing techniques. The recent progress of AWG design concepts for DWDM PON architectures and their athermal packaging techniques, now suitable for mass production in low cost manufacturing countries, are discussed. The state of the art reliability performance for industrial and in particular DWDM PON applications are demonstrated. AWG based DWDM PON network architectures are elaborated comparing other existing PON network concepts


Hulls from Tower canola (TCH), Regent canola (RCH) and soya beans (SBH) were included at 10 or 20% in soya bean meal based diets for rats, to compare the effects of these fibre sources on growth, feed consumption, feed efficiency and dry matter and protein digestibilities. A soya bean meal based control diet and another diet containing a purified fibre source (Alphafloc) at a 10% level, were included for a further comparison. Each of the diets was fed to six rats in a 4-week feeding trial. The diets gave similar weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency values. The control diet had the highest mean coefficient of dry matter digestibility (80.8%) and the 20% SBH and Alphafloc diets had the lowest (72.4 and 72.2%). The canola hull and 10% SBH and Alphafloc diets had intermediate values (73.2–75.0%). There was a highly significant negative correlation between the dietary fibre content and the dry matter digestibility of the diets. The control and Alphafloc diets showed the highest and similar apparent (81.4 and 79.9%) and true (86.8 and 85.3%) digestibility values for dietary protein. The 20% canola and soya bean hull diets showed the lowest apparent (71.4–73.7%) and true (76.9–79.4%) digestibility coefficients. The 10% canola and soya bean hull diets had intermediate apparent and true protein digestibility values (73.2-75.3 and 78.4–80.6%, respectively). The chemical analysis of the fibre sources showed that Alphafloc had the highest cellulose content (88%) and the lowest lignin content (0.6%), while canola hulls had the lowest cellulose content (25.4–28.4%) and the highest lignin content (26.6–28.9%). Soya bean hulls had intermediate cellulose (50%) and low lignin (1.3%) contents. The results suggest that cellulose did not have a detrimental effect on the dietary protein digestibility but lignin and/or some other undetermined factors in the hulls had an adverse effect on protein digestibility.


With the description of Chinese Train Control System Level 3 (CTCS-3) system structure and work principle, the author proposes an Intelligent Control Strategy (ICS) to improve CTCS-3 safety. Through the integration with two different train-wayside communication methods that based on GSM for Railways (GSM-R) and track-circuit, CTCS-3 realizes the cross line and degraded operation in high-speed railway. CTCS-3 with independent control unit of C3 and C2 that have been used to control 300∼350km/h train and C2 200∼250km/h train respectively still carries the whole function and equipment of CTCS-2. Through the exchange of information between C2 and C3 control unit, the ICS produces more reliable and precise core train control data after the intelligent data fusion of movement authority (MA), track data and temporary speed restriction (TSR), etc. After intelligence fusion, the probability of common cause errors has reduced and the scope of security directive role has been limited. The integrated date allows us to calculate permitted speed and generate supervising profile that ensures the safety of automatic train protection (ATP).


Heart rate variability (HRV) from the frequency domain and three calculations of entropy (En), approximate (ApEn), sample (SampEn) and Lempel–Ziv (LZEn), were assessed for intra- and inter-visit reproducibility from short-term recordings in persons with tetraplegia and neurologically intact controls. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated for multiple comparisons to determine the reproducibility in both groups during a 4 h visit and across three visits. By ICC in both groups, ApEn, SampEn and LZEn possessed excellent intra- (≥0.87) and inter-visit reproducibility (≥0.90). In contrast, frequency domain measures were collectively less concise. In general on intra- and inter-visit comparisons for both groups, high frequency (HF) measures were more reliable than low frequency (LF). In control subjects relative to other units of expression, normalized units (nu) of LF had the best intra-visit reliability across all comparisons. This was not the case on inter-visit comparisons where absolute (≥0.74) and natural log (ln) (≥0.66) representations of LF were more reliable. In the group with tetraplegia, LFln was the most reliable for comparisons up to or including 180 min (≥0.60) and two visits (≥0.63). Thus, calculations of En and HF HRV appear to be more reliable than LF HRV and less confounded by small sample sizes.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the effect of head conformation (brachycephalic, mesaticephalic, and dolichocephalic) on olfactory bulb angle and orientation in dogs by use of in vivo MRI.

ANIMALS
40 client-owned dogs undergoing MRI for diagnosis of conditions that did not affect skull conformation or olfactory bulb anatomy.

PROCEDURES
For each dog, 2 head conformation indices were calculated. Olfactory bulb angle and an index of olfactory bulb orientation relative to the rest of the CNS were determined by use of measurements obtained from sagittal T2-weighted MRI images.

RESULTS
A significant negative correlation was found between olfactory bulb angle and values of both head conformation indices. Ventral orientation of olfactory bulbs was significantly correlated with high head conformation index values (ie, brachycephalic head conformation).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Low olfactory bulb angles and ventral olfactory bulb orientations were associated with brachycephalia. Positioning of the olfactory bulbs, cribriform plate, and ethmoid turbinates was related. Indices of olfactory bulb angle and orientation may be useful for identification of dogs with extremely brachycephalic head conformations. Such information may be used by breeders to reduce the incidence or severity of brachycephalic-associated diseases.


By carefully researching and analyzing on cooling process of medium thickness steel plate, a mathematics model of heat transfer and its corresponding simulation model are established and evaluated with finite discrimination for a selected cooling object, and a simulation model is established. Through simulation and locate testing, the calculated values obtained are agreed very well with the measured ones. This indicates that the simulation model can preferably reveal the accelerated cooling process of medium thickness steel plate and can be applied to guide the manufacture of medium thickness steel plate.


Sixty-two conserved orthologous groups (OGs) of proteins, in 63 prokaryotes and seven eukaryotes were analyzed to identify essential proteins in the mitochondria of eukaryotes, and their counterparts in prokaryotes. Twenty OGs were common in eukaryotic mitochondria, and all were translation related. Encephalitozoon cuniculi, an obligate parasitic eukaryote, shares no common mitochondrial OGs with the other 69 organisms. Seventeen conserved OGs were mitochondria related in the 69 organisms. Mitochondria related- and nonrelated-OGs were divided into prokaryotic genomes (p<0.001, paired t-test) unlike eukaryotic genomes in the distance value analysis. The most commonly conserved mitochondria-related OG was COG0048-KOG1750 (ribosomal small subunit S12), whereas it was COG0100-KOG0407 (ribosomal small subunit S11) in nonrelated OGs. These results could be applied in scientific research to determine phylogenetic relationships and in areas such as drug development.


A case of aortic atresia associated with right aortic arch is described. This is the second case in the literature. The diagnosis of aortic atresia was made prior to death by right heart catheterization with angiocardiography and this was confirmed at autopsy. The necessity of an early and accurate diagnosis of this disease is discussed for providing more opportunity of surgical treatment.


A trainable model of the human operator in information acquisition tasks is described. The purpose of this model, called the adaptive information selector (AIS), is to select and present textual messages automatically to users in computer-based tactical systems. AIS algorithms, which control and present messages in order of priority in real time, are based on multiattribute characterization of tactical messages. The AIS employs an adaptive pattern recognition model to "learn" user preference structure incrementally during actual task performance. Across each of the command situations, the priority of messages is determined by the AIS in accord with the information selection behavior exhibited by the user in the model-training mode. The AIS was implemented and tested in a simulated environment. The results demonstrated the model's capability to 1) converge on distinctive information processing strategies exhibited by different operators; and 2) effectively present messages in their order of priority for each operator. The AIS is potentially useful in performing information distribution functions in command and control systems and in aiding the performance of personalized searches of large data bases.


Background Hypoxic-ischemic damage to the brain in preterm newborns is a significant current problem in neonatology. Methods 140 newborns of 28–36 weeks gestation at 820–2650 g have been investigated. All the patients have been devided into groups according to ultrasound and Doppler-metric changes. The 1st group included children with intra- and periventricular 1st, 2nd and 3rd degree bleedings. The 2nd group included patients with 1st, 2nd and 3rd degree hypoxic-ischemic damage of the CNS. The 3rd group included so called *healthy* children. Para-clinical methods included haemostasis condition on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th days of life. Results On the 3rd day of life 5.1% decreases of fibrinogen count in blood serum have been noted. Increase of thrombocites (10.4%) and simultaneous decrease of APTT (7.3%) in the 1st group children in comparison to the control group have been revealed. In the 2nd group the spread and duration of celebral ischemia was accompanied by fibrinogen increase (7.1%), thrombocytes (9.2%) and APTT: 13.7% in comparison to the control group. Conclusion Complex study of the haemostasis system and neurosonography data were associated with different clinical manifistations. Peri- and intraventricular bleedings were accompanied by thrombocyte count decrease and plasma-coagulation increase. Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage was accompanied by thrombocyte count increase and plasma-coagulation haemostasis decrease. So the combination of neurosonography and haemostasis investigation on the 1st–7th days of life is an effective method and significant for diagnostics of celebral pathology in preterm newborns.


The article deals with clinical study of treatment results of 106 wounded. The study was carried out with the help of different methods of correction of blood flow in the place of shotgun fracture of long bones in terms of application period. Developed system of incipient complex correction post shotgun circulatory injuries improves the results of treatment by 87.3 +/- 1.8% (p < 0.05), decreases the number of wounded with laps of blood flow in tissues by 34.1 +/- 1.1%, that is lower than 20% from normal level, and in 38.2 +/- 1.5% cases helps to avert the development of necrosis and wound abscess.


Introduction- Klebsiella pneumoniae have been identified as an important common pathogen for nosocomial pneumonia (7 to 14% of all cases), septicaemia (4 to 15% of all cases), wound infections (2 to 4% of all cases), neonatal septicaemia (3 to 30% of all cases). It also causes bacteremia and hepatic infections and have been isolated from a number of unusual infections including endocarditis, primary gascontaining mediastinal abscess, cholecyctitis, diarrhoea, peritonitis, crepitant myonecrosis, pyomyositis, necrotizing fasciitis, osteomyelitis, meningitis. β-lactam antimicrobial agents are most common treatment option for such infections. Results and observations- 986 Clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumonia were isolated from blood (254), urine (241), respiratory specimens (206), pus (215) and body fluids (70). Among 986 clinical isolated of K. pneumoniae 718 (72.81%) isolates were from inpatients (IPD) admitted in various wards of hospital and 268 (27.18%) were found to be out patients department (OPD). A significant difference in antimicrobial susceptibility was observed with 3rd–generation cephalosporins between hospital and community strains. Of the 986 isolates of K. pneumoniae 284 (28.80%) were confirmed as ESBLs producers by phenotypic detection methods of ESBLs. Among 284 ESBLs 236 (83.09%) were hospital isolates while 48 (16.90%) were from community settings. Among 986 K. pneumoniae isolates 34 (3.44%) strains showed production of KPCs by phenotypic detection methods of KPCs. Out of 34 KPCs producers 26 were from hospital isolates and 8 were from community isolates. Hospital isolates were major ESBLs and KPCs producers. Conclusion- There is a serious need to accentuate on the rational use of antimicrobials and strictly adhere to the concept of the "reserve drug" to minimize the misuse of available antimicrobials. In addition regular antimicrobials susceptibility surveillance, knowledge and its application is essential to reduced current drug resistance rate in hospital as well as in community.


We investigate low-density accretion flows onto massive black holes (BHs) with masses of ≳105 orbiting around in the outskirts of their host galaxies, performing 3D hydrodynamical simulations. Those wandering BHs are populated via ejection from the galactic nuclei through multibody BH interactions and gravitational wave recoils associated with galaxy and BH coalescences. We find that when a wandering BH is fed with hot and diffuse plasma with density fluctuations, the mass accretion rate is limited at ∼10%–20% of the canonical Bondi–Hoyle–Littleton rate owing to a wide distribution of inflowing angular momentum. We further calculate radiation spectra from radiatively inefficient accretion flows onto the wandering BH using a semianalytical two-temperature disk model and find that the predicted spectra have a peak at the millimeter band, where the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) has the highest sensitivity and spatial resolution. Millimeter observations with ALMA and future facilities such as the next-generation Very Large Array (ngVLA) will enable us to hunt for a population of wandering BHs and push the detectable mass limit down to M• ≃ 2 × 107 for massive nearby ellipticals, e.g., M87, and M• ≃ 105 for the Milky Way. This radiation spectral model, combined with numerical simulations, will be applied to give physical interpretations of off-nuclear BHs detected in dwarf galaxies, which may constrain BH seed formation scenarios.


Sir,—It is known that transient elevations in blood pressure are not solely attributable to internal factors; the person who takes the blood pressure measurement may also induce an increase in blood pressure.1 An example of this phenomenon is white coat hypertension.2 The present study compared the difference between blood pressure readings in male Japanese adolescents when measured by men and women.

We studied 373 consecutive male college freshmen (aged 18–20 years) during an annual check up programme. None of them had any evidence of clinically significant disease such as hypertension (⩾ 140 mm Hg), heart valve disease, arrhythmia, hypercholesterolaemia, renal impairment, or liver disease. In March 1997, blood pressures and pulse rates of these subjects were measured using a semiautomatic sphygmomanometer …


Aim. To assess the effectiveness of educational programs in the treatment of patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). Material and methods. Patients with MS (n=68) were randomized into two groups of 34 people. Patients of the first group received standard antihypertensive therapy, while patients of the second group antihypertensive therapy and educational programs additionally. Examinations of carbohydrate, lipid and purine metabolism, blood pressure (BP) monitoring, anthropometric tests were performed before and after 24 weeks of therapy. Results. Stable target BP levels [24 (70%) patients in Group 1 and 29 (85%) patients in Group 2] and improvement in metabolic parameters were achieved in patients of both groups. Besides in patients of the second group received additional trainings improvement of anthropometric indicators (decrease in waist circumference from 106±6.5 to 94±2.4 cmand body weight from 99±3.5 to 79±6.3 kg) was found. Conclusion. The complex treatment of patients with MS should include educational programs in addition to antihypertensive drugs.


The recent increase in affordability of immersive virtual reality learning environments (IVRLEs) grows the interests of university, school, and industry training contexts. Due to their unique affordances, these environments have the potential to lead to a paradigm shift in learning experience design. The absence of learning design models, however, represents a significant challenge to the widespread and effective utilisation of this technology platform. Several researchers have proposed design models for virtual reality learning environments (VRLEs). The majority of these models don't explicitly consider the unique characteristics of Immersive environments. This research describes an instructional design model for IVRLEs, which draws upon Dalgarno and Lee's affordance model for VRLE and Tacgin's IVRLE development stages for teaching concepts and procedures. The specific learning strategies and affordances of IVRLEs are matched with the features of current IVR systems and technologies.


Using co-integration, the results show that the movement of Indonesian foreign exchange market and capital market has moved to long—run equilibrium with other currencies and indices from partner countries, while the short-run equilibrium between markets have been proved by using VECM. The Indonesian case supports portfolio balance approach introduced by Frankel. The increasing of IHSG attracts capital inflows and makes the demand for domesfic currency higher, and IDR becomes appreciation. Indonesian market has strong linkages with Asian regional markets especially with Hong Kong market, while having no relationship with US market.


The changes in the schemes of production and algorithms of communication most of which are often associated with the post-industrial society, in general, affect both spheres of culture, and, in particular, arts. In the middle of the XX century many aspects of culture could exist and develop independently. Now to optimally do it cultural actors unite in clusters. This transpires in creating both conceptual and situational unifications in the sphere of art culture, and in the business and political processes on which the clusters are based. The key distinction of cluster formations lies in the fact that by definition cluster formations develop decentrally, which leads to a series of difficulties in their defining and analysing. The advantage of a cluster consists in the total effect of interactions of all elements whose joint efforts yield the result surpassing each individual effect. The distinctive feature of an art cluster can be thought the existence of mobile and transformed elements making it possible to organize exhibition areas for various events and activities. The physical structure of these spaces is characterized by multi-element filling, and also by its coherence with season, an event subject, etc. The focus of this paper is the cluster structure formation features under conditions of the modern Russian culture.


Automated equipment was developed for determining the admittance of solid electrolytes over the frequency range from 10 to 10/sup 11/ Hz. A four-electrode technique was used at audio- and low radio-frequencies up to 10/sup 6/ Hz. At wavelengths in the meter and centimeter band, coaxial lines were used to determine the complex reflection coefficients. At wavelengths in the millimeter band, complex reflection coefficients were measured by determining the field strengths in a few points of the standing wave. The methods developed were used to determine the admittance and dielectric permittivities of solid electrolytes: Na/sub 2/O x 10Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, Na/sub 3/Fe/sub 2/(PO/sub 4/)/sub 3/, and Ag/sub 4/RbI/sub 5/.


Shallow foundation designs are typically governed either by settlement, a serviceability limit state, or by bearing capacity, an ultimate limit state. While geotechnical engineers have been designing against these limit states for over half a century, it is only recently that they have begun to migrate towards reliability-based designs. At the moment, reliability-based design codes are generally derived through calibration with traditional working stress designs. To take advantage of the full potential of reliability-based design the profession must go beyond calibration and take geotechnical uncertainties into account in a rational fashion. This paper proposes a load and resistance factor design (LRFD) approach for the bearing capacity design of a strip footing, using load factors as specified by structural codes. The resistance factors required to achieve an acceptable failure probability are estimated as a function of the spatial variability of the soil and by the level of "understanding" of the soil p...


Two-view methods have been well developed to identify human actions. However, in a case where the corresponding imaged points cannot induce distinguished measures, the performance of the methods deteriorates. For this reason, we propose a new view-invariant measure for human action recognition by enforcing tri-view constraints in this paper. This new measurement method can be tolerant to different rates of human actions and the anthropometric proportions. We apply our approach to video synchronization by imposing both the similarity ratio and the consistency in the trifocal tensor over entire video sequences. By testing on both synthetic and real data, our method has achieved higher tolerance to noise levels, as well as higher identification accuracy than the traditional two-view method. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach can identify human pose transitions, in spite of dynamic time-lines, different viewpoints and unknown camera parameters.


The objective of this study was to investigate the production of jacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don) plantlets by minicutting. For this, a mini-clonal hedge was established to supply sprouts for minicuttings. For adventitious rooting, the minicuttings were treated with hydroalcoholic solution of indolebutyric acid at concentrations of 0, 1000, and 2000 mg L-1 and grown in a greenhouse. The survival of minicuttings was evaluated at 30, 60, and 90 days, and rooting, callus, sprouting, leaf area, root area, aerial dry mass, root dry mass, total dry mass, and aerial/root dry mass ratio were assessed at 90 days. The rooted minicuttings were treated with different volumes of nutrient solution (0, 25, and 50 mL) and were evaluated for survival, height, diameter, leaf area, root area, aerial dry mass, root dry mass, and aerial/root dry mass ratio of the plantlets after 30 days of cultivation in a shade house and full sunlight. Jacaranda can be established in a mini-clonal hedge for the production of shoots necessary for the preparation of minicuttings. The minicuttings are rooted in a greenhouse without use of indolebutyric acid. The plantlets produced can be acclimatized in a shade house and rustified in full sun. Jacaranda plantlets can be produced by minicuttings.


This article demonstrates that there is no solid evidence that would attest that European integration has affected the economic well-being in the Rest of the World. Economists have largely failed to measure the effects that the theory was important to, and those they are able to encrypt cons are actually negligible. The ex post effects of currently available integrated view from the Rest of the World in the country imports integration partners, and draw conclusions on well-being. But this is only significant insofar as the additional exports from the rest of the world allow it to import more: it would look much better directly imports the Rest of the World or the terms of trade. The theoretical framework with which are here quantified the effects of integration on the well-being derived from the analysis published by Baldwin and Venables (1995). This article attempts to draw explicit conclusions on this issue of welfare for the Rest of the World, where no one had so far as a general and implicit. The well-being depends, among other changes that occur in terms of trade, production levels and the number of firms, the existing trade restrictions and the effects on investment. Changes in trading volume are important only if they are connected to the existing barriers or if they are found in changes in other variables mentioned above. Since there is no ex post empirical analysis of the effects of European integration on the Rest of the World, this article uses ex ante estimates from econometric simulations. But again, the direct quantifications are few. Therefore, the author has supplemented its finding itself drawn from studies on the issue of welfare in Europe and has extended to the Rest of the World. Most studies suggest that integration is generally detrimental to the Rest of the World, but to a lesser extent. However, some suggest that integration generates profits for the Rest of the World by lowering export prices of the European Union.


A multifunctional material design, integrating catalytic as well as auxiliary magnetic susception and contactless thermal sensing functionalities, unlocks catalyst-specific heating and thermometry for spatially proximate solid catalysts in a single reactor. The new concept alleviates temperature incompatibilities in tandem catalysis, as showcased for the direct production of propene from ethene, via sequential olefin dimerization and metathesis reactions.


A reliable screening method to detect Rhizoctoria solani Kuhn resistance in chiles (Capsicum arruum L.) was developed using infested corn (Zea mays Bonaf.) kernels as inoculum. The most aggressive New Mexican isolate of R. solari (PWB-25) was used to screen 74 Capsicum accessions for resistance to root rot caused by the fungus. The accessions differed in resistance, with disease ratings ranging from 2.9 to 8.6on a 0 (no disease) to 9 (seedling dead) scale. The percentage of resistant plants, those in the interaction phenotype index class 0, 1, 2, and 3, ranged from 2.4% to 77.1%. Nineteen accessions representing four species had ≥50% resistant individuals and would be useful in breeding programs


Mites in the genus Chorioptes cause a mild form of skin disease in both domestic and wild ruminants. In July 2006, dermatitis characterized by alopecia, marked lichenification, accumulation of crust, and fissuring was recognized in 14 out of 200 Holstein dairy cattle raised in the cattle farm of the National Institute of Animal Science in Cheonan, Republic of Korea. Skin lesions were distributed mainly over the tail base, and sacral and perineal regions. Microscopic examinations of skin scraping samples from severely affected areas revealed numerous mites of all developmental stages. Morphologically, pedicels of the mites were short and unjointed. The tarsal suckers occurred on the pedicels of all the legs in the male worm and on the first, second, and fourth pair of legs in the adult female worm. A single long seta at the tarsus of legs III and the length of legs II being about twice as long as legs IV in adult male mites were observed. Arising anterior to the inner-most spatulate seta was a short seta with an average of 26.4 +/- 5.8 microm in length. Also, the length of setae #4 on the opisthosomal lobes was relatively short. Based on these observations, the mites were identified as Choriptes texanus. Although the chorioptic mange may not influence the mortality rate in the affected farm, reports indicate that a decline in milk production can be observed. This is the first report of chorioptic infestation in a cattle farm from Korea.


SUMMARY The 3-D P-wave velocity structure of the Alpine crust has been determined from local earthquake tomography using a set of high-quality traveltime data. The application of an algorithm combining accurate phase picking with an automated quality assessment allowed the repicking of first arriving P-phases from the original seismograms. The quality and quantity of the repicked phase data used in this study allows the 3-D imaging of large parts of the Alpine lithosphere between 0 and 60 km depth. Our model represents a major improvement in terms of reliability and resolution compared to any previous regional tomographic studies of the Alpine crust. First-order anomalies like crust–mantle boundary (Moho) and the Ivrea body in the Western Alps are well resolved and in good agreement with previous studies. In addition, several (consistent) small-scale anomalies are visible in the tomographic image. A clear continuation of the lower European crust beneath the Adriatic Moho in the Central Alps is not observed in our results. The absence of such a signature may indicate the eclogitization of the subducted European lower crust in the Central Alps. In agreement with previous results, the additional analysis of focal depths in our new 3-D P-wave model shows that all studied earthquakes in the northern foreland have occurred within the European crust. Waveforms and focal depths suggest that at least one of the analysed events south of the Alps is located in the Adriatic mantle.


Abstract Question: Are competitive hierarchies, which are typically based on the results of pair-wise competition experiments, sensitive to the level of species interaction in the underlying competition experiments? Location: Controlled greenhouse study using vegetation typical of old-fields in East Tennessee, USA. Methods: We extend traditional competitive effect/response methods to incorporate data from competition experiments featuring any level of species interaction (i. e., 2,3,.,., n species interacting simultaneously) and develop an ordinal technique that makes hierarchies more robust to variation in the numerical values of relative yield. We apply these methodological techniques to empirical data from a greenhouse experiment wherein four old-field plant species were grown in pair-wise and tri-wise combination. We also demonstrate how resampling can be used to determine the variability of data and its consequences for development of competitive hierarchies. Results: Different hierarchies were produced when we used different evaluation methods, different levels of species interaction, and different levels of replication. More acute resampling distributions and wider ranges of target/neighbor scores revealed that higher levels of species interaction lead to more distinct hierarchies. Conclusions: Hierarchies developed from interactions among subsets of species may inadequately characterize relationships among the full community because of indirect or higher-order interactions within multi-species assemblages. Different evaluation methods can yield different hierarchies, and resampling is an effective tool to determine the sensitivity of resultant hierarchies to the level of replication. In sum, our new methodology can be used to control uncertainty in poorly-replicated experiments. Nomenclature: Terrell (1967); Wofford & Kral (1993).


The article explains how the traditional management system of sports institutions came into being in China. Under the planned economy the government allocated the resources directly, having a finger in every pie; it lacked experience in managing sports institutions; and it had deviation in theoretical knowledge. The deepening of reform in the management system of our sports institutions aims at separating government from the institution, setting up a modern system of sports institutions that suits the socialist market economy and the law for development of sports institutions. In the transformational stage of the economic system, the functions of sports institutions are, to raise the nation's competitiveness at the Olympics and safeguard its political interest; to provide the community with public gymnasiums and sports facilities so as to improve citizens' physical fitness.


This article discusses the use of computer-based simulation games to teach business ethics. The current theory of business ethics simulation games (BESGs) is built on two axioms. The first is that BESGs are best used to teach students ethical principles, and the second is that this is best accomplished by presenting students with ethical dilemmas. This article disputes both of these axioms and proposes new theory. The purpose of BESGs, on the new theory, is to induce in students certain thought processes, not to simulate business situations. According to this new theory, simulation games should be designed to induce in players decisionmaking processes analogous to those of managers and employees confronted with ethically fraught decisions that have no obvious right or wrong answer. These ethical conundrums involve balancing risks to others and benefits for oneself in the course of ordinary, everyday work. This new theory is illustrated by describing a BESG designed by the author and currently used at several colleges and universities.


The paper introduces a probabilistic model for the analysis of line spectra - defined here as a set of frequencies of spectral peaks with significant energy. This model is detailed in a general polyphonic audio framework and assumes that, for a time-frame of signal, the observations have been generated by a mixture of notes composed by partial and noise components. Observations corresponding to partial frequencies can provide some information on the musical instrument that generated them. In the case of piano music, the fundamental frequency and the inharmonicity coefficient are introduced as parameters for each note, and can be estimated from the line spectra parameters by means of an Expectation-Maximization algorithm. This technique is finally applied for the unsupervised estimation of the tuning and inharmonicity along the whole compass of a piano, from the recording of a musical piece.


Recently, the demand for energy is growing at a very high rate all over the world. The fossil fuels eventually lead to the foreseeable depletion of limited fossil energy resources. Hydrogen is considered a promising candidate to remedy the depletion of fossil fuels. The bipolar plate is the second most important component of a proton exchange membrance (PEM) fuel cell stack after the membrance electrode assembly (MEA). Its primary roles are to supply reactant gases to the fuel cell electrodes and provide electrical connection between adjacent cells in the stack while removing product water from the cell and transferring away the heat of reaction. Historically, machined graphite had been chosen as a good compromise between all of these requirements, but alternatives are emerging. New materials are light metals. In this study, rubber pad forming process was employed as the manufacturing method for metallic bipolar plates. The rubber pad and the sheet metal plate were pressed together by the punch, and the repulsive force of the deformed rubber is loaded at the plate, and can contribute to improving formability. And then, its surface was coated with TiN. After coating process, the performance characteristics of single stack in the condition of PEMFC using the metal bipolar plate have been investigated.


Lateritic soils are abundantly available in the Konkan belt in the western coast of peninsular India, in the four southern states namely - Kerala, Karnataka, Goa and Maharashtra. Along with heavy rainfall (annual rainfall of 2000mm - 4000mm), the region is characterised by high humidity and little variation in temperatures. The typical stratification in lateritic areas consists of soft to hard lateritic crust at the top – about 3m thick, underlain by a layer of lithomargic clay (8 to 10m thick) underlain by parent rock, which is granitic gneiss. This paper briefly discusses the following aspects of lateritic soils (a) geotechnical properties, including those of laterites, lithomargic clays, lateritic lithomarges and lithomargic laterites (b) erosion studies from hole erosion tests (c) slope stability problems of excavated slopes in lateritic formations (d) role of vegetation i.e. turfing and/or trees on slopes in the stability of slopes. It is concluded that lateritic soils, especially lithomargic clays and lateritic lithomarges (1) behave somewhat like dispersive soils. (2) They are highly erosive by nature, especially lithomargic clays with higher content of sand and silt (3) Stability of both excavated and embankment slopes depends on good drainage control. Providing berms and vegetation on slopes adds to stability of slopes.


In this study, we examine the physics governing the operation of chemical sensors based on field effect transistors, which use organic semiconductors as an active sensing medium. Short channel length devices can operate in the injection-limited regime and the sensing response in this regime is totally unlike the response in larger scale devices. In large geometry sensors, charge carrier trapping plays an important role in the sensor response. We describe in detail the various factors that influence charge trapping effects. Oriented dipoles from polar analytes can also influence sensor behavior and manifest as a current increase upon exposure to the analyte.


of violence with mental illness. Their analysis of the records of 1241 men remanded in Brixton prison showed that in the group charged with homicide just over a third were psychiatrically abnormal; five (11%) of those convicted were schizophrenic. Despite the risk of undercounting this was a disproportionately large group in relation to expectations from epidemiological data, and the number of schizophrenic patients who had been violent towards others without resulting fatality exceeded expectations by over 22 times. In 1939 Lionel Penrose showed a negative correlation between the prison population, the homicide rate, and the availability of mental hospital beds. Since 1954 the number of patients in mental hospitals in England and Wales has declined by 67000, but only 3010 expatients are supported by local authorities.27 These figures suggest one explanation for the discrepancy between the current findings of Taylor and Gunn and those of several previous studies,2830 all of which failed to find any appreciable excess of schizophrenic patients prosecuted for violent crimes. As a society we have been failing in our care of schizophrenics. Their difficulties in obtaining psychiatric treatment,273' their high suicide rates after discharge from hospital,32 and the prevalence of serious mental illness among the destitute and in prison,33 34 are further indictments of "community care" policies.3937 The links between violence in our society and the neglect of mental illness by successive governments need wide publicity -and the government should not be allowed to remain silent on this issue. MALCOLM WELLER Consultant Psychiatrist, Friern, Whittington, and Royal Northern Hospitals, London


Deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurement was carried out on GaN/AlGaN/SiC heterostructures prepared by low-pressure metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy. Two kinds of p-type 4H-SiC substrates were employed for the n-GaN layer growth using an n-AlGaN nucleation layer. Two different aluminium concentrations of 30% and 8% were tested. DLTS spectra of on-axis (0001) grown samples exhibit a peak of majority carrier trap with apparent activation energy of 0.78 eV regardless of nucleation layer composition. As the amplitude of this peak is almost insensitive to the height of filling pulses and the space charge region in AlGaN is negligible, the level may be associated with a hole trap in the substrate. The off-axis grown samples show a majority trap-like DLTS peak only under high positive filling pulses. Therefore, activation energy of 0.66 eV obtained for both nucleation layer compositions is related to an interface defect


Abstract Assessing the vitality of minority languages is a concern for many small language advocates and language planners. To date, most quantitative data for measuring the social presence of a language have been limited to reported language competency and use. In this article, a Basque language researcher and U.S. anthropologist collaborate to describe a novel instrument developed in the Basque Country called the Kale Neurketa or Basque Street Survey. Developed by Basque language researchers, the Street Survey is unique in offering a quantitative measure of observed, rather than reported, language use. We describe the origins of the survey in grassroots language advocacy, the knowledge gap it has sought to address, its methodology and evolution over time, and some of its key findings in the Basque context. We conclude assessing the strengths and weakness that this method of direct observation of language use offers to scholars and advocates of minoritized languages.


The optimization of an asymmetrical tapered solenoid coil using multi-objective Genetic Algorithm is presented to achieve high sensitivity, high homogeneity, low inductance simultaneously at 2.84MHz within a cylindrical volume(95×95х10mm). The asymmetrical solenoid coil has a lower half that consists of turns with variable pitches and a constant radius and an upper half that consist of turns with variable pitches and profile curvature(variable radius). Two coil winding patterns are included: single winding and multiple windings at each groove. The optimal design shows a sensitivity of 138 μT/√W (29.7%increase), 3.8% homogeneity reduction, comparable inductance compared to a traditional solenoid of similar dimensions.


LoRaWAN is a MAC-layer protocol for long-range low-power communication. Since its release in 2015, it has experienced a rapid adoption in the field of Internet-of-Things (IoT). However, given that LoRaWAN is fairly novel, its level of security has not been thoroughly analyzed, which is the main objective of this paper. We highlight the security features present in LoRaWAN, namely activation methods, key management, cryptography, counter management, and message acknowledgement. Subsequently, we discover and analyze several vulnerabilities of LoRaWAN. In particular, we design and describe 5 attacks: (1) a replay attack that leads to a selective denial-of-service on individual IoT devices, (2) plaintext recovery, (3) malicious message modification, (4) falsification of delivery reports, and (5) a battery exhaustion attack. As a proof-of-concept, the attacks are implemented and executed in a controlled LoRaWAN environment. Finally, we discuss how these attacks can be mitigated or protected against.


Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures with externally bonded Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) reinforcement has become increasingly popular in the construction industry last two decades. Failure of the FRP strengthening is generally initiated by debonding of the FRP reinforcement from the concrete surface. It is expected that temperature will affect this debonding behaviour due to the significant difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between concrete and FRP and due to the change of the material properties at elevated temperatures, especially of the adhesive. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation into the effect of temperature on the strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with externally bonded Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) reinforcement. Four different beam configurations have been investigated, each at 20°C, 50°C and 70°C. Test results have shown that, compared to room temperature, the type of failure and the failure load of the beams tested at 50°C were not significantly affected. At 70°C, the type of failure changed for one of the beams from failure in the concrete adjacent to the concreteadhesive interface to failure exactly in the concrete-adhesive interface. The failure loads of the beams tested at 70°C were not significantly affected compared to room temperature, except for the beam with a relatively short laminate length. For this beam, the load capacity is


The field of aging research has progressed significantly over the past decades. Exogenously and endogenously inflicted molecular damage ranging from genotoxic to organellar damage drives the aging process. Repair mechanisms and compensatory responses counteract the detrimental consequences of the various damage types. Here, we discuss recent progress in understanding cellular mechanisms and interconnections between signaling pathways that control longevity. We summarize cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms that impact the cellular and organismal aging process


: Population problems in relation to national development have touched Nepal as well as underdeveloped countries. This article uses the Sen Gupta mathematical model which provides an objective basis for deriving a population pressure index based on the relationship between population and available national resources. The population pressure index was computed for each of the 75 districts of Nepal and then a map of population pressure was compared with that of simple population density. Simple population density does not realistically indicate the degree of population pressure on land resources. Nepal is predominantly a rural-agrarian country. While farming is the most predominant economic activity, farming methods are still backward and primitive, resulting in a low level of productivity. It is mainly a subsistence agriculture. The most important contribution that this model makes to this spatial economic analysis is its use of production figures as the nucleus of a population pressure index. Spatial patterns indicate that almost all the mountain and Hill districts are overpopulated with very high population pressure indices. The population in these districts exceeds the carrying capacity of the presently available land resources. Underpopulation was apparent in the Tarai District. Results of the spatial analysis indicate that there are regional disparities with regard to spatial distribution of human and land resources. This very spatial disparity is 1 of the main problems of Nepal's economy. The analysis also indicates that simple population density does not provide an adequate index of population pressure. Population pressure is not the same thing as simple population density. Clearly, however, there are areas where population exerts a mounting pressure on land resources in certain areas. Population pressure in Nepal is actually a local problem affecting a significant portion of the population with little or no access to the means of production. A small proportion of the population controls the majority of land, a situation which leads to population pressure among the population with little or no control over the means of production.


Metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors are widely used for gas detection. Typically, the hotplate element is the key component in MOS gas sensors which provide a proper and tunable operation temperature. However, the low power efficiency of the standard hotplates greatly limits the portable application of MOS gas sensors. The miniaturization of the hotplate geometry is one of the most effective methods used to reduce its power consumption. In this work, a new method is presented, combining electron beam lithography (EBL) and focused ion beam (FIB) technologies to obtain low power consumption. EBL is used to define the low-resolution section of the electrode, and FIB technology is utilized to pattern the high-resolution part. Different Au++ ion fluences in FIBs are tested in different milling strategies. The resulting devices are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Furthermore, the electrical resistance of the hotplate is measured at different voltages, and the operational temperature is calculated based on the Pt temperature coefficient of resistance value. In addition, the thermal heater and electrical stability is studied at different temperatures for 110 h. Finally, the implementation of the fabricated hotplate in ZnO gas sensors is investigated using ethanol at 250 °C.


The aim of this study was to develop the "Sepedi-toets vir Spraakverstaanbaarheid" to objectively evaluate the speech intelligibility of the client and to give appropriate phonetic information. This study evolved from the present need for evaluation mechanisms and therapeutic services in the indigenous African languages. The words used in the test had to conform to the requirements of certain phonetic criteria. Words and sentences of differing lengths were included. The procedures followed by the test administrator were different for mother tongue speakers than those for non-mother tongue speakers. After the compilation of the test it was applied to four dysarthria speakers. Upon execution of the test it was evident that differences in judgment of speech intelligibility exist between mother tongue and non-mother tongue speakers. Useful phonetic information was obtained through the qualitative analysis of the speech productions. It appears that the "Sepedi-toets vir Spraakverstaanbaarheid" can be used in the clinical environment to obtain a more objective evaluation of the client.


Needless to say, how to conserve and, desirably, improve water quality of Lake Biwa is an extremely important problem to be solved. This paper is concerned with reduction of pollutant load discharged from paddy fields. In Shiga Prefecture around Lake Biwa, the rice crop is dominant in the agriculture, and the water discharged from each paddy field flows into Lake Biwa through drainage canals. Then from the viewpoint that the outlet of each paddy field is a source of pollution, at a paddy field of 30 ares, the authors examined in detail about the input/output of water and the outflow of nutrients for three years.Based upon the results of the examination, this paper develops a model for describing input/output of water at a paddy field, and simulates and evaluates some methods for reducing outflow discharged from a paddy field.


The aim of this experimental study was to determine the effect on soil porosity and compaction of the number of the tractor passes on the soil surface. The soil has a sandy loam texture. A tractor passed once, twice, and four times while the water content of soil was near field capacity. Numbers of tractings increased soil bulk density and compaction, and decreased total porosity, void ratio, air porosity and drainage porosity. One and two tractor passes did not markedly affect the percentage of porosity kept at field capacity porosity, but four tractor passes improved it.


The Powder River basin of northeastern Wyoming may be the richest coal basin in North America. Coal beds are present in the upper part of the Tertiary Fort Union Formation (Tongue River Member), and in the lower part of the overlying Wasatch Formation. These End_Page 214------------------------------ coal beds crop out along the eastern flank of the basin. In the central part of the basin, the coal beds are at depths of 1,000-2,200 ft. Many holes drilled for oil have penetrated the coal-bearing interval. Although determinations from mechanical well logs are questionable, it is believed possible to identify these coal seams and to measure their thickness. Individual coal beds average about 50 ft thick, but locally may increase in thickness to 100-150 ft. The depth interval contains gross coal thicknesses of 200 to 400 ft: The total coal-bearing section is made up of as much as 30% coal. The site of Project Thunderbird is underlain by coal beds which contain a reserve of more than 20,000-million tons of coal. On an energy basis, this coal has a greater Btu content than twice the proven oil reserves of the United States today (31-billion bbl). Because the country's energy demands are soaring, techniques for extracting the coal energy from the reserve at Project Thunderbird should be developed. Several coal-energy extraction proposals are offered, including the use of a nuclear device to allow gasification of coal underground. End_of_Article - Last_Page 215------------


It is not unusual to hear study in the vocational education sector referred to as a 'stepping stone' into further studies in the higher education environment. What this pathway entails for those who choose it is not immediately clear however. This article reports on research conducted with a small cohort of students who arrived at an Australian university with advanced standing or credit transfer based on their studies in the vocational sector. A narrative inquiry approach highlights the voices of these participants drawn through stories of their individual experiences of the transition to higher education. Recommendations related to structural and educational change are based on evidence that this vocational 'stepping stone' can mean different things to different people.


Reaching out to history and subject in terms of meaning variation, Kristeva could show that language cannot simply be a Saussurean sign system. Rather, she went on to delineate that language, beyond signs, is associated with a dynamic system of signification where the ''speaking subject'' is constantly involved in processing. Julia Kristeva, a French critic, psychoanalyst, theoretician, a post-structuralist philosopher of Hungarian origin, dwells upon ideas from linguistics, psychoanalysis, sociology while representing text analysis, sign and subject from emotional and motivational perspectives.  She believes that processing language structure and subject depend upon semiotic and symbolic domains that emerge in the scope of ''signifiance'' process whereby the semiotic domain processes and primary structures against the symbolic realm. In Kristeva''s view, the sign Chora, while being the milieu for energy, dynamism, and motility, shows the internal and signification drives of the language, and will involve changes in signification mutation of subjectivity.


Radiation levels, salt concentration, and the oxidizing nature of the waste dictates modifications to the SW-846 methods. Modified methods will be used to meet target EQLs and QC currently in SW-846. Method modifications will be validated per SW-846 and HASQARD and will be documented consistent with WAC 173-303-910. The affect of modifications to holding times and storage conditions will be evaluated using techniques developed by Maskarinec and Bayne (1996). After validating the methods and performing the holding time study on a minimum of two Phase 1 candidate feed source tank wastes, DOE and Ecology will assess: whether different methods are needed, whether holding time/storage conditions should be altered, whether the high priority analyte list should be refined, and which additional tank waste needs to be characterized.


A new universal mechanism of the formation of long-lived atmospheric vortex is proposed. It is based on the hydrodynamic pressure drop in the air stream, if air density decreases in the flow direction. The magnitude of this drop may increase with jet velocity increasing. It is assumed that jet, linking the atmospheric layers with different air density, may have a local area of low pressure which can generate the vortex. The possible conditions for the emergence and intensification of atmospheric vortices of various types are discussed.


We develop a non-parametric inverse method to investigate the star formation rate, the metallicity evolution and the reddening properties of galaxies based on their spectral energy distributions (SEDs). This approach allows us to clarify the level of information present in the data, depending on its signal-to-noise ratio. When low resolution SEDs are available in the ultraviolet, optical and near-IR wavelength ranges together, we conclude that it is possible to constrain the star formation rate and the eective dust optical depth simultaneously with a signal-to-noise ratio of 25. With excellent signal-to-noise ratios, the age-metallicity relation can also be constrained. We apply this method to the well-known nuclear starburst in the interacting galaxy NGC 7714. We focus on deriving the star formation history and the reddening law. We confirm that classical extinction models cannot provide an acceptable simulta- neous fit of the SED and the lines. We also confirm that, with the adopted population synthesis models and in addition to the current starburst, an episode of enhanced star formation that started more than 200 Myr ago is required. As the time elapsed since the last interaction with NGC 7715, based on dynamical studies, is about 100 Myr, our result reinforces the suggestion that this interaction might not have been the most important event in the life of NGC 7714.


BACKGROUND
There is little known about the spectrum of cardiac injury in acute COVID-19 infection in children.

METHODS
A single-centre, retrospective chart analysis was performed. The protocol was deemed IRB exempt. All patients under the age of 21 years admitted from 20 March, 2020 to 22 June, 2021 for acute symptomatic COVID-19 infection or clinical suspicion of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 were included. Past medical history, lab findings, echocardiogram and electrocardiogram/telemetry findings, and clinical outcomes were reviewed.

RESULTS
Sixty-six patients with MIS-C and 178 with acute COVID-19 were reviewed. Patients with MIS-C had more cardiac testing than those with acute COVID-19. Inflammatory markers were more likely elevated, and function was more likely abnormal on echocardiogram in those with MIS-C with testing performed. Among patients with MIS-C, 17% had evidence of coronary dilation versus 0% in the acute COVID-19 group. One (0.6%) patient with acute COVID-19 had clinically significant electrocardiogram or telemetry findings, and this was in the setting of prior arrhythmias and CHD. Four (6%) patients with MIS-C had clinically significant findings on electrocardiogram or telemetry. Among patients with acute COVID-19, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support was required in 0.6% of patients with acute COVID-19, and there was a 2.8% mortality. There were no deaths in the setting of MIS-C.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with acute COVID-19 and clinical suspicion of cardiac injury had a lower incidence of abnormal laboratory findings, ventricular dysfunction, or significant arrhythmia than those with MIS-C.


Abstract Oxidative stress and inflammation are hallmarks of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A critical byproduct of oxidative damage is the introduction of carbonyl groups into amino acid residues. We hypothesize that plasma carbonyl content is inversely correlated with lung function and computed tomography (CT) measures of lung density among smokers and is elevated in COPD. Carbonyl was measured in plasma of participants aged 60 years and older by ELISA. Generalized linear and additive models were used to adjust for potential confounders. Among 541 participants (52% male, mean age 67 years, 41% current smokers), mean plasma carbonyl content was 17.9±2.9 nmol ml−1 and mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was 80.7±20.9% of predicted. Plasma carbonyl content was inversely associated with FEV1, but this relationship was largely explained by age. Multivariate analyses ruled out clinically meaningful associations of plasma carbonyl content with FEV1, FEV1/FVC (forced vital capacity) ratio, severity of airflow obstruction, and CT lung density. Plasma carbonyl content is a poor biomarker of oxidative stress in COPD and emphysema.


The objectives of this study were to 1) develop Strategies for Effective Inclusive Education for secondary schools under the office of Basic Educational Commission 2) verify the appropriateness of the developed strategy and 3) develop a guideline on the implementation of the developed strategy. A mixed-methods between qualitative and quantitative research was employed in this study, and the study was divided into 4 phases. Phase 1was the research framework  determination ,which was conducted in 3 parts. The first part was the study of relevant documents and researches. The second part was an interview with 9 professioners, while the third part was the multi-case studies of 3model schools. Phase 2 was the strategy creation and development, which was conducted in 3 parts. The first part was creation strategies by synthesis the data from phase 1.The second part was development the strategies by application of Modified Delphi Technique for 3 rounds and an inquiry with 21 experts. Phase 3 was the appropriateness verification in the strategy implementation by conducting an opinion survey from 630 stakeholders. Phase 4 was the development of the guideline on strategy implementation, which was presented to 5 experts for appropriateness and content verification for application and guideline improvement.
   The study found that: 1.The Strategies for Effective Inclusive Education comprised 6 strategies. Strategy 1was learning and teaching, consisted of 3 activities: 1) the Individualized Education management for teachers and 3) development technology skills for teachers. Strategy 3 was student development, consisted of 2 activities: 1) the preparing students and 2) the promotion the talent of disabled students. Strategy 4 was tools development, consisted of 2 activities: 1) the development of equipment, tools and innovations for disabled students and 2) the disability services. Strategy 5 was environment development, consisted of 2 activities: 1) the physical environment development and 2) the development of person involved in the environment of disabled students. Strategy 6 was Management, consisted of 6 activities: 1) the policy formulation and inclusive education planning; 2) the public relations; 3) the creating a shared inclusive education network; 4) the budget allocation; 5) the student screening and 6) the supervision, monitoring and evaluation of inclusive education 2. The overall appropriateness for application of the developed strategy was at the highest level. 3. The content of the guideline on the implementation of developed strategy consisted of explanation, objectives, benefits, backgrounds, the developed Strategies for Effective Inclusive Education, the role of stakeholders involved. It was found to be accurate with the overall  appropriateness for application at the highest level.
Keywords : Strategy, Inclusive Education, Effective Inclusive Education


This essay focuses on the challenges as well as the joys of reading postcolonial literary texts that are composed and printed in multiple, alternating languages. What postcolonial texts make manifest through their syntax, vocabulary, and style is the wide array of creative expression that the simultaneous presence of multiple languages makes available to the writer. A literary analysis able to appreciate this creative potential is in order if we want to go beyond an outdated understanding of literature and its forms. It is in fact in the act of reading that a lot of the disrespect surrounding postcolonial literature manifests itself.
Caribbean literature marks an ideal place to start exploring the possibilities of a postcolonial literary analysis. A region "once deemed the antithesis of civilization" has become one of the most creative laboratories of verbal art, both written and oral, thanks to its radical creolization of the colonial languages. In the second part of my essay, I will present a model of literary analysis that uses as its crucial categories those coming from the traditionally disrespected language of the region: Creole.


As the amount of bicycles in large cities rises and outdoor space is becoming increasingly insufficient, a need for alternative storage spaces has emerged. Bike theft is also a major issue and is more frequent because of the huge number of bicycles. A secure automated rooftop bicycle
storage system is proposed in the theme of "Smart
homes", enabling people to easily store and retrieve their bikes through this system with the use of a mobile application and RFID identification to establish safety and convenience.