The discovery and preparation of important molecules rely on the synthetic chemist's ability to valorize common feedstock materials, such as petroleum or biomass. Key to this endeavor is the design of efficient methods to introduce, remove or interconvert functional groups. Our group has a longstanding interest in developing conceptually novel catalytic reactions for the installation of unprotected amines, the selective activation of C-O bonds (in polyols) and the transfer (shuttle) or exchange (metathesis) of functionalities between two molecules. This account describes representative examples from our group in these different research areas.


AIMS
Evaluation of the congenital heart defects (CHDs) incidence and their prenatal detection rate in the Moravian-Silesian region. Presentation of fetal echocardiography as a screening method. Investigation of the relationship between risk factor and congenital heart defects.

METHODOLOGY
Long-term study between 1999-2009. Overall evaluation of CHDs incidence and their follow-up and analysis of their link to possible risk factors. The data were collected from medical notes of the gynecologist and pediatric cardiologist in the region. Fetal echocardiography was performed as a primary screening during the second term of pregnancy. A number of 22 743 pregnant women were included in the study. When any pregnancy pathology detected, more detailed examination followed (extracardial diseases, chromosomal aberrations).

RESULTS
In the observed period, there were a total of 453 significant CHD (3.55/1000 births). In prenatal phase 208 CHDs (45.9%) were diagnosed. At least one risk factor was mentioned in 15.9 % of the screened families. When compared with the group without and with any risk factor, the difference is significant (chi=7.28, p<0.0001). Mothers younger than 35 were compared with those aged 35 and older and the difference in values was not significant. However, generally, the probability of CHDs grow with age (GLM, z=2.468, p=0.013).

CONCLUSIONS
Prenatal detection of CHDs has the highest success rate as a rutine screening method during the second trimester of pregnancy. We confirmed the existence of a higher occurrence of the CHD in the group of pregnant women with a history of risk factors in comparison with the group without such a history. The risk families should be offered a detailed examination by paediatric cardiologist skilled in fetal echocardiography. Heart defects are the most common morphology anomalies, mostly occuring as an isolated issue.


After ten years of life under Hitler, Dietrich Bonhoeffer writes that 'the ultimately responsible question is how a coming generation is to go on living'. This article argues that the answer to this question is present in Bonhoeffer's prison writings, letters, literary work and theological essays, and traces on how that answer directs his thought, and what it implies for the interpretation of his theological thinking during this period, including his letters on the 'non-religious interpretation' of the Gospel and the Christian tradition.


This study is an investigation which focuses on the existing body of literature covering the construct of social capital and fundamental human need theories, particularly the need to understand and find meaning. It examines these in relationship to learning, culture and activity theory. The study is a preliminary investigation with limited scope. The thesis establishes an explanatory analysis and accompanying conceptual framework to be tested by further research. A proposed methodology for data collection and analysis is included. The thesis takes a humanistic approach and proposes that fundamental human need satisfaction is foundational to human well-being and growth within people's varied lifeworlds. The study reveals that human interactions and value systems connect the concepts of social capital, fundamental human need and culture in the form of activities surrounding fundamental human need satisfaction. Regarding the construct of social capital and its elements of shared values, trust, norms, reciprocity and networks, the structural, relational and cognitive dimensions of social capital are proposed and examined. This thesis suggests that the elements of the social capital construct work together to facilitate human interactions aimed at satisfying fundamental human needs across different socio-cultural systems. It places particular emphasis on the learning process required to negotiate the range of socio-economic need satisfactions across different cultures. The study also discusses theories surrounding communitarian psychology as a precursor to the introduction of activity theory. Activity theory in this thesis is explained as a learning model emphasising human activity aimed at the satisfaction of fundamental human needs. This thesis further develops the activity theory model to demonstrate the role social capital plays as a resource. A resource, which when accessed, acts as a mediator of human interaction aimed at enabling the satisfaction of fundamental human needs. This model directly links human values to human activity and stresses the link between human values, human action, and the satisfaction of fundamental human needs. The model demonstrates how human values have a direct effect on how a person perceives need-satisfying activities and what resources can be accessed and used in any activity. This thesis's explanatory analysis and associated conceptual framework give rise to a set of propositions, questions and hypotheses. The thesis underpins and justifies the significance of, and need for, a future cross-cultural study for which a methodology is proposed. This proposed future study places at its centre the importance of human values as a pivotal point around which social capital is generated and maintained.


Baptists have long stood for freedom of religion and of conscience, and these two are inextricably bound together with the relationship between church and state. This paper examines the following church-state models: the Eastern Church model of the established church; the Roman Catholic model of political theocracy; the theology and praxis of Martin Luther's doctrine of the two regiments; the Reformed Christocratic mode; the Anabaptist model of strict separation of Christians from public affairs; and finally the Baptist model, which emphasises separation of church and state, but permits Christians to take on civil roles in society. The author concludes by pointing out the shortcomings of the state-church and theocratic models, preferring instead the Baptist model of state-church separation, which also attempts to implement Luther's doctrine of the two regiments.


A long term hydrological simulation was conducted for the Huaihe River Basin by a coupled land surface-hydrology model from the year 1951 to 2006, forced with NCEP reanalysis data and observed precipitation. Three data series, observed precipitation, simulated and observed streamflows, are used to grade extreme hydrological events for reducing uncertainties caused by errors of observation and simulation, and impacts of human activity on observed streamflow. The period, intensity, position, and variations duration of extreme hydrological events was analyzed with the Morlet wavelet transform. Results showed that extreme hydrological events occurred more frequently in the basin in last half century due to the global environmental changes. Future water resources security of the Huaihe River Basin is facing large challenges as the projection of IPCC AR4 reports.


The search engines in Internet and the recommender systems in the digital TV domain, pursue to light the burden of users with access to massive amounts of information, by offering only data (and TV programs) of interest for them. In this paper, we emphasize the advantages of using the so-called semantic Web technologies in the development of an intelligent TV assistant, named AVATAR. Its main advantage is a great improvement with respect to previous TV recommenders, obtained by combining two personalization strategies with a novel common nexus related to semantic inference capabilities. By the inference, AVATAR discovers appealing and complex semantic associations between the user preferences and the finally recommended TV shows. It is worth noting that this inference process overcomes a drawback identified in the existing tools, which suggest programs too similar to those the user watched in the past. In this regard, our inference strategy provides the viewers with suggestions clearly enhanced, diversified and permanently updated to their personal preferences


Marine-derived omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are inversely associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). Recommendations to increase marine-derived n-3 PUFAs by increasing fish intake may have a drawback in concomitant stimulation of mercury intake, which could lead to higher circulating mercury concentrations and mitigation of otherwise beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs. We aimed to monitor circulating mercury concentrations, and to prospectively evaluate whether it counteracts the potential association between fish intake and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in a cohort of RTRs (n = 604, 53 ± 13 years-old, 57% men) with long-term follow-up (median of 5.4 years; 121 deaths). Circulating mercury concentration (median 0.30 (IQR 0.14–0.63) µg/L) positively associated with fish intake (std. β = 0.21, p < 0.001). Multivariable-adjusted Cox-proportional hazards regression analyses showed that prior to, and after additional adjustment for circulating mercury concentrations, fish intake was inversely associated with both cardiovascular (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.58–0.96; and, HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.58–0.97, respectively) and all-cause mortality (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.72–0.97; and, HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.74–0.99, respectively). Secondary analyses accounting for marine-derived n-3 PUFAs intake revealed associations of similar magnitude. In conclusion, we found no evidence of a counteracting effect conferred by circulating mercury concentrations on the associations between fish and marine-derived n-3 PUFAs intake and the risks of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in RTRs.


Children occupy a "liminal childhood," in the immigration legal system, as they are provided neither child-appropriate protections, nor necessarily the meager rights afforded to adults. At times, they are viewed through a protectionist lens, infantilized and robbed of agency. More commonly, however, immigrant children—largely teens of color—are subjected to adultification. Adultification refers to the phenomenon whereby children of color suffer a wide variety of negative outcomes across a diverse range of public systems, including education, juvenile justice, and child welfare, because they are perceived as more adult-like than their white peers.

This article casts new light on the mistreatment of children across the spectrum of immigration legal proceedings. To remedy the injustice of the current situation, I reimagine an immigration legal system founded in the principle of proportionality, which would recognize the vulnerabilities of and bias impacting migrant children. In particular, I argue that a reconceptualization of migrant children should incorporate lessons learned from failures within the juvenile justice system, which has been reckoning with problems of adultification and infantilization of children for more than a century.


— This paper presents a neural network based model predictive control (MPC) strategy to control a strongly exothermic reaction with complicated nonlinear kinetics given by Chylla-Haase polymerization reactor that requires a very precise temperature control to maintain product uniformity. In the benchmark scenario, the operation of the reactor must be guaranteed under various disturbing influences, e.g., changing ambient temperatures or impurity of the monomer. Such a process usually controlled by conventional cascade control, it provides a robust operation, but often lacks accuracy concerning the required strict temperature tolerances. The predictive control strategy based on the RBF neural model is applied to solve this problem to achieve set-point tracking of the reactor temperature against disturbances. The result shows that the RBF based model predictive control gives reliable result in the presence of some disturbances and keeps the reactor temperature within a tight tolerance range around the desired reaction temperature.


Objectives : To evaluate the hypothesis that increasing ambient levels of ozone or particulate matter are associated with increased emergency room visits for asthma and to quantify the strength of association, if any, between these. Methods : Daily counts of emergency room visits for asthma, air quality, and weather data were collected from hospitals with over 200 beds and from monitoring Stations in Seoul, Korea from 1994 through 1997. Daily counts of emergency mom visits for asthma attack were analyzed using a general additive Poisson model, with adjustment for the effects of secular trend, seasonal variation, Sunday and holiday, temperature, and humidly, according to levels of ozone and particulate matter. Results : The association between daily counts of emergency room visits for asthma attack and ozone levels was statistically significant in summer(from June to August), and the RR by unit inclement of 100 ppb ozone was 1.30(95% CI = ) without lag time. With restriction of the period from April to September in 1996, the RR was 1.37(95% CI = ), and from June to August in 1995, the RR was 1.62(95% CI = ). In the data for children, the RR was 2.57(95% CI = ) with restriction of the period from April to September in 1997. There was no Significant association between TSP levels and asthma attacks, but a slight association was seen between PM10 levels and asthma attacks in a very restricted period. Conclusion : There was a statistically significant association between ambient levels of ozone and daily counts of emergency room visits for asthma attack. Therefore, we must make efforts to effectively minimize air pollution, in order to protect public health.


The content of binding-Se in erythrocyte membrane may affect its structure and function. Decrease in Se content will lead to a lower activity of Na, K-ATPase and lipid fluidity in ghosts, and a marked increase in Na, K-ATPase activity as well as lipid fluidity of erythrocyte membrane was observed by supplementation of low concentration of Na2SeO3 (0.03-0.3 ppm Se), in vitro. This effect was obvious only when the ghosts were incubated with Se at 0-4 degrees C for at least half an hour prior to assay.


PURPOSE
The objective of the study was to evaluate the synergistic transdermal permeation effect of chemical enhancers and iontophoresis technique on tolterodine tartrate (TT) transdermal gel and to evaluate its pharmacokinetic properties.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Taguchi robust design was used for optimization of formulations. Skin permeation rates were evaluated using the Keshary-chein type diffusion cells in order to optimize the gel formulation. In-vivo studies of the optimized formulation were performed in a rabbit model and histopathology studies of optimized formulation were performed on rats.

RESULTS
Transdermal gels were formulated successfully using Taguchi robust design method. The type of penetration enhancer, concentration of penetration enhancer, current density and pulse on/off ratio were chosen as independent variables. Type of penetration enhancer was found to be the significant factor for all the responses. Permeation parameters were evaluated when maximum cumulative amount permeated in 24 hours (Q24) was 145.71 ± 2.00µg/cm² by CIT4 formulation over control (91.89 ± 2.30µg/cm²). Permeation was enhanced by 1.75 fold by CIT4 formulation. Formulation CIT4 containing nerolidol (5%) and iontophoretic variables applied (0.5mA/cm² and pulse on/off ratio 3:1) was optimized. In vivo studies with optimized formulation CIT4 showed increase in AUC and T1/2 when compared to oral suspension in rabbits. The histological studies showed changes in dermis indicating the effect of penetration enhancers and as iontophoresis was continued only for two cycles in periodic fashion so it did not cause any skin damage observed in the slides.

CONCLUSION
Results indicated that iontophoresis in combination with chemical enhancers is an effective method for transdermal administration of TT in the treatment of overactive bladder.


An algorithm which estimates the extent of flood from random, crowd sourced images is proposed. It uses color based segmentation with brown color to segment out the flood water. The average brown color intensity, largest brown area, as well as water depth found out by comparison with human bodies detected, together contribute to the final estimation of the extent of flood. The algorithm, since it deals with normal images rather than satellite images or video sequences, can be used widely to explore flood affected areas so that adequate help can be supplied. This method can also be used in flood detection systems run in order to carry out rescue operations enabling us to lend our support for flood victims. Moreover, the fact that the existing work in this area deals with videos and satellite images mainly adds to the novelty of this work.


Timely part procurement is vital to the maintenance and performance of deployed military equipment. Yet, logistical hurdles can delay this process, which can compromise efficiency and mission success for the warfighter. Point-of-need part procurement through additive manufacturing (AM) is a means to circumvent these logistical challenges. An Integrated Computational Materials Engineering framework is presented as a means to validate and quantify the performance of AM replacement parts. Statistical modeling using a random forest network and finite element modeling were to inform the build design. Validation was performed by testing coupons extracted from each legacy replacement parts, as well as the new additively manufactured replacement parts through monotonic tensile and combined tension-torsion fatigue testing. Destructive full hinge assembly tests were also performed as part of the experimental characterization. Lastly, the collected experimental results were used to iterate on the part design to showcase the advantages AM offers for meeting new service requirements. Citation: T.G. Gallmeyer, J. Dahal, B.B. Kappes, A.P. Stebner, R.S. Thyagarajan, J.A. Miranda, A. Pilchak, J. Nuechterlein, "Systematic Development of Framework for Validation and Performance Quantification of Additively Manufactured (AM) Replacement Parts for Structural Steel Applications", In Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS), NDIA, Novi, MI, Aug. 13-15, 2019.


The magnitude and spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation are the main drivers of hydrologic and agricultural processes in soil moisture, runoff generation, soil erosion, vegetation growth and agriculture activities on the Loess Plateau (LP). This study detects the spatiotemporal variations of individual rainfall events during a rainy season (RS) from May to September based on the hourly precipitation data measured at 87 stations on the LP from 1983 to 2012. The incidence and contribution rates were calculated for all classes of rainfall duration and intensity to identify the dominant contribution to the rainfall amount and frequency variations. The trend rates of regional mean annual total rainfall amount (ATR) and annual mean rainfall intensity (ARI) were 0.43 mm/year and 0.002 mm/h/year in the RS for 1983–2012, respectively. However, the regional mean annual total rainfall frequency (ARF) and rainfall events (ATE) were −0.27 h/year and −0.11 times/year, respectively. In terms of spatial patterns, an increase in ATR appeared in most areas except for the southwest, while the ARI increased throughout the study region, with particularly higher values in the northwest and southeast. Areas of decreasing ARF occurred mainly in the northwest and central south of the LP, while ATE was found in most areas except for the northeast. Short-duration (≤6 h) and light rainfall events occurred mostly on the LP, accounting for 69.89% and 72.48% of total rainfall events, respectively. Long-duration (≥7 h) and moderate rainfall events contributed to the total rainfall amount by 70.64% and 66.73% of the total rainfall amount, respectively. Rainfall frequency contributed the most to the variations of rainfall amount for light and moderate rainfall events, while rainfall intensity played an important role in heavy rainfall and rainstorms. The variation in rainfall frequency for moderate rainfall, heavy rainfall, and rainstorms is mainly affected by rainfall duration, while rainfall event was identified as a critical factor for light rainfall. The characteristics in rainfall variations on the Loess Plateau revealed in this study can provide useful information for sustainable water resources management and plans.


Lecture Notes on Psychiatry by James Willis MB MRCPE DPM ppix+89 7s6d Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications 1964 The author of this book defines the aim and scope of it in his introduction. 'Medical Students often say they find psychiatry interesting but disappointing. Interesting because psychiatry is a clinical subject and all students seem to like this, disappointing because, as they frequently put it, "it all seems vague and woolly".' These notes were written to try to answer the sort of questions that students seem to need answered fairly quickly when they start a psychiatric clerkship. There can be little doubt that, within the limits he sets himself, Dr Willis has succeeded in communicating the essentials ofthe subject excellently. His paragraph on page 2, on the relationship between doctor and psychiatric patient, is a model of clarity; the same characteristic of informative succinctness permeates all the chapters, which cover the usual range of topics. In a further edition two points might receive attention: a little more information might be given on phobias, and in a reconstruction of the section on hysteria it might be useful to denote the personality characteristics as histrionic and to allow the term hysteria to apply only to the presence of conversion phenomena. These are minor considerations, however, in a book which can be recommended without hesitation for medical students in their first contact with psychiatry.


Introduction: Patient satisfaction is one of the key elements for the overall improvement of health service management. Patient satisfaction in the health care organization is popularly used for benchmark and accreditation purposes.
Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among the 164 patients who got their at least one type of eye surgery done following at least three OPD visits at Himalaya Eye Hospital from January 2019 to July 2019. A systematic random sampling technique was used to enroll the study subjects. Face to face interview was done with a semi-structured interview schedule to gather the data from the subject. Data were entered into Epi-Data and transfered to SPSS 20 for analysis. A Chi-square test was applied to find out the association between dependent and independent variables.
Results: The average satisfaction score was (4.061±0.26). Overall 48.2% of respondents were satisfied with the physical environment, 59.1% were satisfied with eye care service, 67.1% were satisfied with a health care provider, and 59.1% satisfied with a financial cost, and 88.4% respondents were satisfied with the outcome of care.
Conclusion: The majority of respondents were satisfied with the cleanliness and health care providers of the hospital. The main dissatisfaction was on the lack of provision of safe drinking water, insufficient space for caretakers, lengthy time for ticketing system, long waiting time, and waiting area. Concerned authorities are recommended for considering the need of people in the community which may further increase their satisfaction towards services and institutions.


Parthenium is an exotic invasive weed that now occurs widely in Ethiopia. Surveys to determine the presence and distribution of pathogens associated with parthenium and further evaluation of the pathogens found as potential biocontrol agents were carried out in Ethiopia since 1998. Several fungal isolates of the genus Helminthosporium, Phoma, Curvularia, Chaetomium, Alternaria, and Eurotium were obtained from the seeds and other plant parts. However, all of the isolates tested were non-pathogenic except Helminthosporium isolates. The two most important diseases were the rust, Puccinia abrupta var. partheniicola and the phyllody, caused by a phytoplasma belonging to the species "Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia". Host specificity tests revealed that the rust, P. abrupta, only sporulates on parthenium while the phyllody infected parthenium, groundnut, sesame, grass pea, lentil, and chickpea. Suspected insect vectors were examined for phytoplasma infection by means of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The successful acquisition of phytoplasma's by the leafhopper, Orosius cellulosus Lindberg (Cicadellidae), was determined by molecular detection of phytoplasma. Phytoplasma was also detected from a single bait plant after feeding by the leafhopper. Sequencing data from phytoplasma obtained from parthenium and the above mentioned crops was identical with sequence identities > 98%. The rust was commonly found at 1400 – 2500 m.a.s.l. with disease incidence up to 100% in some locations while phyllody was observed at 900 – 2300 m.a.s.l. with incidence up to 75%. Individual effects of the rust and phyllody diseases on Parthenium in different locations under field condition showed significant reduction on seed and morphological parameters. Seed production was reduced by 42 and 85% due to rust and phyllody, respectively.


A unique structural transformation in a 1 D chain coordination network 2 is converted to a discrete compound 3 accompanied by a change in the ion-exchange system. Remarkably, 3 produced a turn-on fluorescence and selective sensing for Hg2+, whereas other ions, such as K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+, did not show any notable effects. Thus, the Hg2+-selective fluorescent chemosensor was free from interference by competing metal ions.


A cryogenic target system for preparing the dense gaseous samples is established on a two-stage light-gas gun and is applied to study the equation of state of hydrogen?helium mixture at higher pressures and at high temperatures by means of the multi-shock technique. The recorded optical radiation signal clearly indicates the beginning moments of the third-, fourth-, sixth-, eighth-, and tenth-shock processes, which are in good agreement with the predictions of the Mansoori?Canfield?Ross variational perturbation theory up to the observed ultimate state of 104?GPa.


OBJECTIVES
We investigated risk factors for fatal motor vehicle crashes on slippery roads in the Northeastern United States, 1998-2002.

METHODS
We analyzed data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

RESULTS
Rates of crashes on slippery roads, and ratios of crashes on slippery roads to crashes on dry roads, were greatest among the youngest drivers. Among those aged 16 to 19 years, logistic regression analysis showed significant, independent risks associated with excessive speed for conditions (odds ratio [OR]=1.38), time of day (OR=1.80 for 5:00 to 9:00 am vs 10:00 am to 2:00 pm), time of year (OR=6.17 for January vs July), type of road (OR=1.27 for rural vs urban roads ), and age (OR=1.19 for those aged 16 to 17 years vs those aged 18 to 19 years). Licensure from states with graduated licensing programs was protective against crashes attributed to swerving on slippery roads (adjusted OR = 0.63). Risk factors among drivers older than 19 years were similar but peaked at different times of day and included increased risks for women compared with men.

CONCLUSIONS
Driver training programs need to better address hazards presented by slippery roads.


Summary Despite reports of frequent complications, pin and tension-band wire remains the most common repair of simple olecranon fractures and osteotomies (1–5). A recent mechanical study found wire diameter to be the key determinant of pin and tension-band construct strength; models with 1.25-mm wire were much stronger than those with standard 1.0-mm wire exposed to single loads to failure (6). Additionally, fixation strength was also increased when a lateral wire was used in combination with a standard figure-ofeight wire. The purpose of the present study was to assess any advantages provided by 1.25-mm wire or an additional lateral wire over 1.0-mm wire for pin and tension-band fixation subjected to cyclic loading. Pin and tension-band fixation was applied to plastic olecranon osteotomy models with three wire configurations: 1.0-mm figure-of-eight, 1.25-mm figure-of-eight, and combined 1.0-mm figure-of-eight and lateral. Cyclic load was applied while caudal osteotomy displacement was measured with an extensometer. The three groups were compared in terms of cycles to failure, mean minimum displacement, mean maximum displacement, and mean displacement per cycle. Models with an additional lateral wire survived significantly more cycles than those with a solitary 1.0-mm figure-of-eight wire, although caudal osteotomy displacements were not significantly different. Conversely, models with 1.25-mm wire allowed significantly smaller minimum and maximum displacements than those with 1.0-mm wire, but did not survive significantly more cycles. It therefore appears that clinical use of 1.25-mm wire may improve stability, while use of an additional lateral wire may improve durability.


The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Transportation, determined the magnitude of flood flows at selected annual exceedance probabilities (AEPs) at streamgages in Massachusetts and from these data developed equations for estimating flood flows at ungaged locations in the State. Flood magnitudes were determined for the 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent AEPs at 220 streamgages, 125 of which are in Massachusetts and 95 are in the adjacent States of Connecticut, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont. AEP flood flows were computed for streamgages using the expected moments algorithm weighted with a recently computed regional skewness coefficient for New England. Regional regression equations were developed to estimate the magnitude of floods for selected AEP flows at ungaged sites from 199 selected streamgages and for 60 potential explanatory basin characteristics. AEP flows for 21 of the 125 streamgages in Massachusetts were not used in the final regional regression analysis, primarily because of regulation or redundancy. The final regression equations used generalized least squares methods to account for streamgage record length and correlation. Drainage area, mean basin elevation, and basin storage explained 86 to 93 percent of the variance in flood magnitude from the 50to 0.2-percent AEPs, respectively. The estimates of AEP flows at streamgages can be improved by using a weighted estimate that is based on the magnitude of the flood and associated uncertainty from the atsite analysis and the regional regression equations. Weighting procedures for estimating AEP flows at an ungaged site on a gaged stream also are provided that improve estimates of flood flows at the ungaged site when hydrologic characteristics do not abruptly change. Urbanization expressed as the percentage of imperviousness provided some explanatory power in the regional regression; however, it was not statistically significant at the 95-percent confidence level for any of the AEPs examined. The effect of urbanization on flood flows indicates a complex interaction with other basin characteristics. Another complicating factor is the assumption of stationarity, that is, the assumption that annual peak flows exhibit no significant trend over time. The results of the analysis show that stationarity does not prevail at all of the streamgages. About 27 percent of streamgages in Massachusetts and about 42 percent of streamgages in adjacent States with 20 or more years of systematic record used in the study show a significant positive trend at the 95-percent confidence level. The remaining streamgages had both positive and negative trends, but the trends were not statistically significant. Trends were shown to vary over time. In particular, during the past decade (2004–2013), peak flows were persistently above normal, which may give the impression of positive trends. Only continued monitoring will provide the information needed to determine whether recent increases in annual peak flows are a normal oscillation or a true trend. The analysis used 37 years of additional data obtained since the last comprehensive study of flood flows in Massachusetts. In addition, new methods for computing flood flows at streamgages and regionalization improved estimates of flood magnitudes at gaged and ungaged locations and better defined the uncertainty of the estimates of AEP floods.


We present a turn-key pulsed polarized Holmium doped fiber source at 2088 nm. In our experimental setup we are utilizing an acousto-optic modulator as a mode-locker or Q-switch. The linear cavity is comprised of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) pair with central wavelength of 2088 nm in a polarization maintaining passive fiber. The active fiber is polarization maintaining, doped with Holmium, and pumped with an in-house made Thulium doped fiber laser with an emission wavelength of 1940 nm and a maximum output power of more than 10 W. In q-switch operation it was possible to generate stable nanosecond pulses between 5 and 250 ns at repetition frequencies between 10 and 250 kHz. Shaping of the AOM driving signal allows for some modification of output pulse shape and its length. The maximum output energy was measured to be 0.5 µJ. In mode-locked operation the laser emitted pulses at 27.35 MHz repetition rate which corresponds to the optical cavity roundtrip time. The calculated band-width limited pulse width was approx. 13 ps (sech2) and the pulse energy was 0.5 nJ. In both operation regimes the signal quality was very high with optical signal-to-noise ratio greater than 50 dB without amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). Similarly, the polarization extinction ratio (PER) was greater than 20 dB. The oscillator design is fully monolithic and polarization-maintaining. Its compactness, turn-key operation, and all-fiber design makes it a very promising platform for nonlinear frequency conversion.


The upstream migratory behaviour of wild and ranched Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in a small Irish coastal spate river was investigated using acoustic telemetry. Prespawning migratory behaviour was investigated including movement patterns at a large natural waterfall in the lower reaches of the river. A strong diurnal pattern was observed for upstream migrants at the waterfall indicative of the need for daylight to ascend this complex natural obstacle to migration. Successful passage of the waterfall was also associated with distinct environmental conditions and no difference in migratory ability was detected between wild and ranched origin S. salar. Wild S. salar tended to exhibit a non-erratic, stepwise upstream migration pattern after ascending the waterfall while ranched S. salar had an increased probability of displaying more erratic migratory behaviour. Wild S. salar penetrated further into the river catchment than ranched S. salar, although male ranched S. salar exhibited the greatest cumulative distance moved prior to the spawning period. The management implications of escaped or released ranched S. salar and movement at natural obstacles are discussed.


Tracheal diverticulum is a rarely encountered entity, usually discovered incidentally as an outpouching at the right side on radiography or computed tomography (CT). We present the case of a male patient with a tracheal diverticulum detected during a work-up for hemoptysis. His thoracic CT scan showed a sac formation on the right dorsolateral wall of the trachea. Flexible bronchoscopy showed a collapsed entrance to the diverticulum, which could be opened by flexible forceps. The mucosal lining of the diverticulum seemed normal, without retained secretions or blood. Although with limited clinical consequences, tracheal diverticulum must be kept in mind as a reservoir for secretions that may cause infection, and also hemoptysis if infected.


The Jatigede Reservoir is the second largest reservoir in West Java after the Jatiluhur reservoir, which is located in Sumedang Regency, West Java. The purpose of the study was to analyze the socio-economic conditions and the value of the benefits of capture fisheries in Jatigede Reservoir, Sumedang Regency. This research was conducted by used data collection method (observation, questioner, literature study) and method of data analysis (feasibility business analysis). The data used are primary and secondary data. Primary data with judgment sampling 25 respondents. The results of the are income analysis (Total Revenue/TR), Break Even Point (BEP) analysis, Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), and Payback Period. The results of the analysis of the feasibility of catching fish using several fishing tools are the Gill Net Profit Value Rp.72,150,000, Throwing Net (kecrik) Rp.343,450,000 and Bagan Rp.26,750,000. Break Event Point (BEP) production Gill net 2,573 kg, Throw net (kecrik) 1,816 kg, Bagan 1,290 kg in 1 year and Break Event Point (BEP) price for Gill net Rp. 5,437/kg, Throw Net (kecrik) Rp.6.810/kg and Bagan Rp.6.450/kg in 1 year. Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) Gill net 2.75, Throw Net (kecrik) 2.20 and Bagan 2.32, Payback Period (PP) Gill net for 7 months, Throw net (kecrik) for 5 months, while Bagan for 4 months. This fishing activity has a positive value, meaning that the fishing effort in Jatigede Reservoir uses Gillnet, Throwing Net, Bagan and this is profitable and feasible to carry out.


The paper presents a method for decorrelating the antenna elements of a MIMO system in a compact handheld terminal at low bands. The architecture of the antenna system induces orthogonal currents over the closely spaced antennas resulting in a correlation free system. Nevertheless, due to the small electrical size of the balanced element, the bandwidth is reduced and the current density is increased thus generating higher Ohmic losses.


A three-dimensional approach to estimating elastic thickness is presented which uses dense satellite altimetry and sparse ship bathymetry. This technique is applied to the Louisville Ridge system to study the tectonic history of the region. The inversion is performed as both a first-order approximation and a nonlinear relationship between gravity and topography based on Parker's [1973] equation. While the higher-order effect on the gravity anomaly is nearly zero for most of the region, the magnitude is significant over the summits of the ridge. Nevertheless, the inclusion of the nonlinear terms has only a minor influence on the elastic thickness estimate within each region, lowering the value by ∼1–2 km compared with the linear result. The incorrect assumption of two dimensionality for circular features exhibits a marked effect on the gravitational anomaly, resulting in false sidelobe structure of nearly 20 mGal for large seamounts. Our elastic thickness estimates are compared with the contradictory values obtained in previous studies by Cazenave and Dominh [1984] and Watts et al.. [1988]. We find an increasing elastic thickness along the chain from southeast to northwest, with a discontinuity along the Wishbone scarp. The jump in elastic thickness values northwest of the scarp appears to be an indication of an age discontinuity caused by an extinct spreading center north of the ridge.


We present DashQL, a language that describes complete analysis workflows in self-contained scripts. DashQL combines SQL, the grammar of relational database systems, with a grammar of graphics in a grammar of analytics. It supports preparing and visualizing arbitrarily complex SQL statements in a single coherent language. The proximity to SQL facilitates holistic optimizations of analysis workflows covering data input, encoding, transformations, and visualizations. These optimizations use model and query metadata for visualization-driven aggregation, remote predicate pushdown, and adaptive materialization. We introduce the DashQL language as an extension of SQL and describe the efficient and interactive processing of text-based analysis workflows.


In a recent article, a team of Chinese, French, Canadian, and Czech researchers led by d'Errico suggested the earliest bone needles were manufactured in Siberia and northern China, and were invented independently in both regions. Here, the Chinese archaeological record is reviewed to provide more details on this claim. The occurrence of this tool type is correlated with the associated lithic technologies and the environmental conditions in order to investigate the dispersal events that took place during the second half of the Late Pleistocene. The review suggests the manufacture of needles represents an indigenous innovation that appears in northern China circa 31 kaBP on the onset of the Chinese Late Palaeolithic alongside stone tools attributed to the core-and-flake technology. As of 25 kaBP, a new form of needle is introduced in the archaeological record. These needles are flat and they appear with stone tools attributed to the microblade technology. This evidence likely signals the migration of a populations bringing with them blade technologies from western Eurasia. At the end of the Pleistocene, bone needles are more diversified, which suggests they were used in a variety of tasks. During the late-Tardiglacial, bone needles are found in northern China both in contexts that yielded microblade technology as well as core-and-flake technology with ceramic. In southern China, the first bone needles appear alongside core-and-flake technology around 12 kaBP. The first appearance of this tool type in southern China could either be the result of a convergent innovation or the southward migration of prehistoric populations that lived in northern China prior to the Last Glacial Maximum. South of the Yangzi river, bone needles are manufactured at the end of the Pleistocene in contexts attributed to the core-and-flake technology with ceramic. The presence of the same toolkit in both northern and southern China at the end of the Pleistocene, i.e., core-and-flake technology with ceramic and bone needles, raises the question of potential long-distance population movements and cultural influences across North and South China at the end of the Pleistocene and the beginning of the Holocene.


PURPOSE
Medical display monitor calibration and quality control present challenges to medical physicists. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate and share experiences with an open source package that allows for both initial monitor setup and routine performance evaluation.

METHODS
A software package, pacsDisplay, has been developed over the last decade to aid in the calibration of all monitors within the radiology group in our health system. The software is used to calibrate monitors to follow the DICOM Grayscale Standard Display Function (GSDF) via lookup tables installed on the workstation. Additional functionality facilitates periodic evaluations of both primary and secondary medical monitors to ensure satisfactory performance. This software is installed on all radiology workstations, and can also be run as a stand-alone tool from a USB disk. Recently, a database has been developed to store and centralize the monitor performance data and to provide long-term trends for compliance with internal standards and various accrediting organizations.

RESULTS
Implementation and utilization of pacsDisplay has resulted in improved monitor performance across the health system. Monitor testing is now performed at regular intervals and the software is being used across multiple imaging modalities. Monitor performance characteristics such as maximum and minimum luminance, ambient luminance and illuminance, color tracking, and GSDF conformity are loaded into a centralized database for system performance comparisons. Compliance reports for organizations such as MQSA, ACR, and TJC are generated automatically and stored in the same database.

CONCLUSION
An open source software solution has simplified and improved the standardization of displays within our health system. This work serves as an example method for calibrating and testing monitors within an enterprise health system.


In this paper the authors demonstrate a model of a multicarrier light source for wavelength division multiplexed transmission systems, where two dual-pump fiber optical parametric amplifiers are used to increase the number of initial carriers three times. The optical radiation of the 16 initial carriers is combined and afterwards divided among the two parametric amplifiers, which are placed in parallel in the scheme. Each amplifier is responsible for generating 16 additional carriers that afterwards will be used as transport for the informative signal. The proposed multicarrier source solution allows to produce 48 carriers with 100 GHz channel spacing and with power non-uniformity below 2 dB among all the channels at the output of the transmitter.


Contemporary and traditional approaches to undergraduate medical education (UME) and graduate medical education (GME) are compared and differences are highlighted. A case is made that the contemporary medical education system is being subject to the downside of disruptive innovation with unintended and potentially detrimental long-term outcomes for academic medicine and clinical practice. The impact on various constituencies is discussed. Proposed solutions are presented. The challenges for education of the best possible physicians are daunting but must be met to honor the social contract between medicine and society.


Having questioned the value of therapeutic endoscopy, let me question the value of diagnostic endoscopy, having lived through the days from when it was not available to its current status. Having given the matter considerable thought,1 I seriously doubt that it has been of any value. It …


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Tension tests or neurodynamic techniques assess the mobility of the peripheral nerves and provide a guide for planning and managing physiotherapy treatments of entrapment syndromes such as carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). One of the upper limb tension tests (ULTT) is ULTT1 that evaluates the efficacy of physiotherapy treatment. It has been shown to be a valid test but its reliability has not been investigated for CTS. Therefore, it is not known if the ULTT1 helps in diagnosing CTS and assessing CTS treatments. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of the ULTT1 in CTS.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
In order to determine the reliability of the ULTT1, we tested 23 healthy subjects and 12 subjects with CTS on two separate test days. Outcome measure for this study was elbow extension.

RESULTS
Inter subject elbow extensions were not significantly different between the two test days. Also, the coefficient of correlation ± SEM in healthy and CTS subjects were 0.89 ± 1.23 degrees and 0.84 ± 3.67 degrees, respectively.

CONCLUSION
From the above results, we conclude that the ULTT1 is highly reliable and can be used in diagnosis as well as the management of CTS.


The quality of image is most important factor in image processing, to evaluate the quality of image various methods have been used. Proposed system defines one of the best methods in image quality assessment. Proposed system calculates the image quality assessment using normalized histogram. Sender send the image to the receiver, after receiving the image, receiver compare the image with senders image using normalized histogram. In proposed work, MGA transforms perform excellently for reference image reconstruction, have perfect perception of orientation, are computationally tractable, and are sparse and effective for image representation . MGA is utilized to decompose images and then extract features to mimic the multichannel structure of HVS. Additionally, MGA offers a series of transforms including wavelet, curvelet, bandelet, contourlet transform etc. These different types of  transforms are used to capture different types of image geometric information. Contrast Sensitivity Function(CSF) and Just Noticiable Difference(JND) isused to produce a noticeable variation in sensory experience. After calculating the normalized histogram of both the reference and distorted image, we are checking the quality of both the images.


THE new edition of this work gives the text in the artistic Greek type specially cast for the publishers. It has many merits ; it is elegant, solid, legible. Perhaps the central bar of 6, g, like that of t in ordinary type, is the least bit too heavy for the reduced size of the letters and suggests compression. Of one thing there can be no doubt; the new type is expressly adapted for the lemma of a note : there it shows to unique advantage. Its slight divergence from authority is amply redeemed by its symmetry. Still in the next experiment of the kind we should like to see whether the slender and graceful curves of the best papyri—for preference some from the Flinders Petrie collection—might not be exactly reproduced with as good artistic effect.


Aberrant epigenetic changes involving both histone modifications and DNA methylation have been observed in prostate cancer and identified as potential biomarkers as well as a key mechanism in carcinogenesis. Recent advances in molecular measurement technologies have allowed for high throughput analysis of epigenetic profiling by measuring genome-wide localization of histone modifications and DNA methylation. In the present study, we applied customized reverse-phase protein microarrays (RPA) to quantify the global histone modification abundance in addition to a genome-wide array platform measuring DNA methylation to study the global epigenetic profile of human prostate cancer. The samples analyzed were eight ethanol-fixed, paraffin-embedded clinical prostate specimens dissected into normal and cancer regions. Four additional snap frozen prostate cases are also included for further confirmation of the data. From a subset of these clinical prostate cases, DNA was extracted from the same dissected normal and tumor regions, and its methylation profile was evaluated using a bisulfite-modified-DNA cytosine genotyping array platform. Using commercially available, modification-specific antibodies, we analyzed acetylation, phosphorylation, and mono-, di- and tri-methylation on various histone N-terminal amino acids in matched normal and tumor regions from human prostate specimens. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis was done by using a total of 24 histone modification targets, and suggests that normal and tumor samples tend to cluster group by patient. In contrast, DNA methylation analysis of 1505 CpG targets revealed > 100 targets that manifest uniform differential methylation between normal and tumor sample groups. Overall, the results provide a combined large-scale epigenetic screening including both the histone code and DNA methylation analysis of clinical samples, and offers new insights into the global epigenetic profile of human prostate cancer. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 4744.


The effect of asymmetric focal spots in blood vessel imaging is investigated by computer simulation. Phase distortion effects are studied in isolation from MTF effects. Calculations are done for a number of symmetric and asymmetric foci with identical standard deviations. It is concluded that blood vessel image degradation due to focus asymmetry per se is small and that the LSF standard deviation is a useful size parameter for both symmetric and asymmetric foci.


This guide is a quick reference for ongoing webinars, classes, conferences, and other training sessions. Archived and post-class/conference material will be posted when available.


Summary Purified C′1-esterase inactivated both C′2 and C′4 in solution. Esterolytic activity and the ability to inactivate C′4 could not be dissociated by inactivation of the enzyme with C′1-esterase inhibitor or DFP, or by denaturation at extremes of temperature or pH. It was concluded that these activities were in all probability properties of the same molecular species. Inhibition of enzymatic activity by DFP blocked both the ability to inactivate C′4 and the ability to bind C′1-esterase inhibitor, suggesting in addition that esterolytic activity and C′4 inactivation may be functions of the same catalytic site Purified C′1-esterase was capable of substituting for C′1s in the formation of EAC′1 with C′1q and C′1r. EAC′1 prepared with C′1-esterase was capable of forming EAC′1,4 with partially purified C′4. It was therefore concluded that C′1-esterase is a functional component of complement.


An important factor which must be considered in designing knowledge strategies or knowledge representation schemes for modeling initiative is that agents are being developed by people whom are part of different cultures whom have different conceptions of approaches to negotiation and what the rules of the game for negotiation are. Specifically, how control or changes in initiative are manifested in the interaction; how taking initiative affects how agents will interpret another agent's actions; and how they choose an appropriate response, are in part, culturally defined. Agent developers ought to equip their agents with subroutines based on cultural models of negotiating behaviors which will provide them with negotiating strategies to draw upon in order to assist them in successfully communicating and collaborating with other agents to achieve desired outcomes.


Mechanosensitive (MS) channels are expressed in various cells in a wide range of phylogenetic lineages from bacteria to humans. Understanding the molecular and biophysical mechanisms of their activation is an important research pursuit. It is controversial whether eukaryotic MS channels need accessory proteins – typically cytoskeletal structures – for activation, because MS channel activities are modulated by pharmacological treatments that affect the cytoskeleton. Here we demonstrate that direct mechanical stimulation (stretching) of an actin stress fiber using optical tweezers can activate MS channels in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Furthermore, by using high-speed total internal reflection microscopy, we visualized spots of Ca2+ influx across individual MS channels distributed near focal adhesions in the basal surface of HUVECs. This study provides the first direct evidence that the cytoskeleton works as a force-transmitting and force-focusing molecular device to activate MS channels in eukaryotic cells.


Injera is a yeast-risen flat-bread with a unique, slightly spongy texture. It is a national staple in Ethiopia that is eaten daily in virtually every household. Despite the fact that injera is a favorite staple food, starters have not been evaluated for the production of rice-based injera. Combination of starter cultures of lactic acid (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum) and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and irsho (back slopping) were used to ferment rice batter during 96 h. Changes in pH, titratable acidity (TA) and microbial count were analyzed at 6 h intervals and consumer acceptability was done at 24 h and 48 h. LAB starters and their co-cultures yeast decreased pH from 6.35 to 4.5 and increased titratable acidity from 0.33% to 0.95% (lactic acid w/w ) within 18-24 h while in the spontaneous fermentation with traditional irsho it took 48 h-54 h to attain pH and titratable acidity value of 0.38% and 0.93%, respectively. The number of lactic acid bacteria and yeast increased in all starter culture and naturally fermented rice batter with fermentation time. Rice injera prepared using combination of L. plantarum + S. cerevisiae starters were the most acceptable (score of 8.83=like extremely). Therefore, the L. plantarum +S. cerevisiae starter combination can be used for commercial production of acceptable rice injera. Evaluation of Yeast and Lactic Acid Bacteria Starter Cultures for the Production of Rice Injera


This paper presents the analysis of rectifier load used for electric vehicle (EV) wireless charging system, as well as its applications on compensation network design and system load estimation. Firstly, a rectifier load model is established to get its equivalent input impedance, which contains both resistance and inductance components, and can be independently calculated through the parameters of the rectifier circuit. Then, a compensation network design method is proposed, based on the rectifier load analysis. Furthermore, a secondary side load estimation method and a primary side load estimation method are put forward, which adopt only measured voltages and consider the influence of the rectifier load. Finally, an EV wireless charging prototype is developed, and experimental results have proved that the rectifier equivalent load can be correctly calculated on conditions of different system load resistances, rectifier input inductances, DC voltages, and mutual-inductances. The experiments also show that rectifier load equivalent inductance will impact system performances, and the proposed methods have good accuracy and robustness in the cases of system parameter variations.


Several phosphatidylcholine (PC) species were studied by differential scanning calorimetry at different levels of hydration. A glass transition was observed in both lamellar gel and nonlamellar phases, with the glass transition temperature, T(g), decreasing as water content was increased. The structure of the lipid mesophase has a major impact on T(g), with the lamellar gel phase having a higher T(g) than that of nonlamellar phases of the same lipid. While the headgroup has a noticeable influence on the T(g), changing the chain length, on the other hand, has less of an impact. The values of the calorimteric T(g) were compared with other measures of molecular mobility in the PC species at comparable water contents reported in the literature. Observation of a T(g) in different phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), as previously reported, and PC species in this study suggests that a glass transition can be expected to be a common feature of biological membranes and phospholipid bilayer preparations, such as liposomes.


A non-toxic, hemocompatible, fluorescent probe as cobalt(II) based complex [Co(PS)4](ClO4)2 (1) (PS: N-pyridylsalicylaldimine) was successfully synthesized and characterised by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The structural analysis revealed that 1 exhibits intramolecular π–π interaction. The recognition ability of 1 towards various amino acids and proteins were studied by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The titled complex selectively sense the Trp by reducing its internal fluorescence quenching. It also sense BSA with a detection limit of 56 nM. The binding constant of 1 was analysed by Hill's equation and it was found that it binds to Trp and BSA in the order of 103 and 104 respectively.


Surgery of the pancreas By J R Brooks. (Pp. 492; illustrated; £49.00.) Philadelphia: Saunders, 1983. There has been a recent proliferation of text books devoted to disorders of the pancreas. It is an unfortunate fact that the American literature on this subject is bedevilled with a lack of clarity of definition with regard to the differing forms of inflammatory disease of the pancreas. The contributors to this book have once more failed to take this important matter into consideration. To the interested European observer the presentations recall a sense of dejd vu phenomenon reminiscent of days before the Marseilles classification of 1962. It must also be said that there are numerous instances throughout this book of a lack of editorial control. Many chapters read like a series of personal essays which have been brought together in a somewhat haphazard manner. Nevertheless, the text contains a large volume of information with a very adequate bibliography and is thus of help to a mature clinician. This book would provide a postgraduate student with a misleading and confusing picture of the present state of pancreatic surgery.


Bananas continue to experience high post-harvest losses of up to 45% due to limited value addition. The limiting factor being lack of key nutrients in the fruit hence the need to supplement banana with different ingredients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of changing ingredient type and concentration on functional properties and analyze the potential of developing an acceptable soup for children between 6 to 59 months using banana flour. Using Nutri-survey, grain amaranth, pumpkins, tomatoes, mushrooms and carrots were the selected ingredients. Design Expert was used to perform Response surface methodology (RSM) using a mixture design to establish the optimal ingredient concentrations. The optimal formulation constituted banana, grain amaranth, pumpkins, carrots and mushrooms at 41%, 41%, 9%, 5% and 4% respectively. Tomatoes were eliminated for its insignificant effect (p<0.05) to functional properties of the soup flour. The product had an energy composition of 409.39 kCal/100 g, peak viscosity of 2631.41 Cp while the holding viscosity, breakdown viscosity, final viscosity, peak time, carbohydrates, proteins and zinc contents were 1430.11 Cp, 1209.57 Cp, 2495.29 Cp, 4.9 minutes, 65.38%, 14.86% and 13.50 g/100 g respectively. Mathematical models predicting variation of gross energy, protein content, fiber content and ash content were significant at p<0.05. The results suggest that a nutritious soup can be obtained from banana flour.


OBJECTIVES
Diagnostic orphans (DOs) represent a group of individuals with no formal diagnosis, despite endorsing some criteria of an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Prior research has indicated that rates of DSM-IV DOs in college are high and closely resemble those with an alcohol abuse diagnosis across pertinent alcohol use risk factors. However, significant changes to the DSM-IV AUD criteria have been made for the current DSM-5 manual, which may impact how DOs are classified. This study examined the unique alcohol and illicit drug use characteristics of a group of 2,620 DSM-5 DOs in college and tested whether DOs differed from those with and without a DSM-5 AUD across pertinent alcohol and drug use risk factors.

METHODS
Participants were 2,620 DSM-5 DO undergraduate college students, between the ages of 18 and 30, recruited from three public universities in the Southeastern, United States.

RESULTS
Diagnostic orphans represented 19.6% (n = 506) of the sample; with the most frequently endorsed criteria being tolerance and consuming alcohol in hazardous situations. DOs reported significantly greater alcohol consumption, alcohol and drug related problems, and illicit drug use compared to those with no DSM-5 AUD diagnosis. Alternatively, DOs reported significantly lower alcohol use and illicit drug use compared to those with a DSM-5 AUD.

CONCLUSION
The present findings indicate that DSM-5 DOs in college represent a distinct group of drinkers relative to those with and without a DSM-5 AUD. Current screening initiatives should target this group to prevent future escalation of problem drinking.


Block motion estimation is one of the most significant and computationally demanding component in video encoding. Most of the search algorithms start their search from the center of the search window and speed up the process by limiting the search locations. The search however, may get trapped in a local minimum on the error surface resulting in suboptimal quality. Another drawback is that the blocks located on the edges of moving objects are not well estimated, to which the human visual system is very sensitive. The technique proposed in this paper employs features in a macroblock to place the initial search point near to the global minimum of the error surface. Consequently, a fast and more efficient motion estimation algorithm is developed. The computational feasibility, better objective quality and the fact that it works as a simple extension to the existing search algorithms are the main advantages of the algorithm.


As I write this essay in mid-September 2017, the news is reporting yet another tragic police shooting that led to the death of a US resident. This time, it was a deaf, nonverbal, Hispanic man in Oklahoma City, Magdiel Sanchez, who happened to be carrying a pipe that he used to fend off stray dogs when he went for walks at night (NewsOK, 2017). To the members of Mr. Sanchez's family and community, his name is the most important part of the previous sentence, but the most terrifying part for the rest of us is the first two words: this time.


N-Doped carbon dots (CDs) had been simply produced by a one-pot synthesis process using amygdalic acid and threonine. The resulting product was water-soluble and exhibited strong luminescence emission with a fluorescence quantum yield of 19.25%. The emission of CDs was obviously and selectively decreased upon adding 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP). It was proved that the fluorescence resonance energy transfer was the main mechanism for quenching. An efficient fluorescence probe with satisfied sensitivity for TNP determination was found. The range of the linear response for TNP detection was 0.5-40.0 μmol L-1, and the limit of detection was 20 nmol L-1. The content of trace TNP in water samples was successfully detected with this method. The CDs were also applied in HepG2 cell imaging and the fabrication of fluorescent films by dispersing the solid freeze-drying CD (SCD) powder into PMMA, which exhibited some application value in biology and photovoltaics.


We thank Dr. Hu et al. for their encouraging comments on our article.1 Both our groups advocate minimal, targeted resections of bottom-of-sulcus dysplasia (BOSD),1,2 and we further promote omitting intracranial EEG monitoring in MRI-positive cases. As noted in references 41–45 in our article, laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) and stereotactic thermocoagulation (STC) are reported in BOSD, further minimize surgical intervention, and are appropriate for BOSD on the medial and basal cerebral surfaces—occurrences which are not as easily accessed with a small craniotomy as BOSD on the cerebral convexity. STC is typically undertaken in patients who undergo previous stereo-EEG with an electrode directly sited in an MRI-positive BOSD. The potential disadvantages of LITT and STC are the lack of confirmation of epileptogenicity with electrocorticography, a pathologic diagnosis from histopathology, and identification of genetic variants from deep sequencing of tissue.


Infrared spectra of 4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one in dilute solutions in carbon tetrachloride and in carbon disulfide have been measured at various pressures and temperatures. The overlapping OH stretching bands of the intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded OH and hydrogen-bond-free OH were resolved by least-squares fitting. From the temperature and pressure dependence of the band intensities, changes in the enthalpy, entropy and partial molar volume due to a break of an intramolecular hydrogen bond have been obtained. Both the changes in the enthalpy and in the partial molar volume are fairly well reproduced by a dielectric model of solvation combined with molecular mechanics calculations.


When sucrose is present in a luminal solution bathing Necturus gall bladder epithelium, the secreted fluid is also found to contain sucrose at more than 0.9 of the luminal concentration. A first-order convection–diffusion equation has been used to calculate the emergent sucrose concentration, by using values for the dimensions of the paracellular system and assuming that the sucrose flow is extracellular. The results indicate that most of the sucrose flow across the junctions must be convective in nature, and the size of the junctional water flow required amounts to most of the overall epithelial water flow, i. e. during secretion the fluid is generated by junctional flow and not by standing-gradient osmosis over the membrane lining the interspaces. The junctional complexes at the luminal side of the interspaces are not zonulae occludentes but parallel alignments of the cell membranes with a constant (peak to peak) spacing of 14.2 nm. As the reflexion coefficient of these junctions for salt is unknown, but could be low, it is by no means certain that the junctional water flow is driven by osmosis.


Influences of the p+ layer, i.e., deposition condition, post-deposition annealing, thin film deposition sequence, internal light reflection, electrode film quality, and SiNX chamber pretreatment on the a-Si:H solar cell performance have been studied. The conversion efficiency is improved using the pin stack structure with a high final annealing temperature and a high reflective bottom electrode due to the decrease of the contact resistance, the reduction of defects in the film, the increase of the hole transport efficiency, the improvement of light absorption, and the minimum cross contamination. The high solar cell efficiency was obtained by optimizing the p+ related film process.


* Faculty of Economics, University of Niš, Serbia, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com JEL CLASSIFICATION: L14, M21, D81 ABSTRACT: Supply chain risk management has become imperative. Therefore, needs for proactive supply chain risk management continuously is growing. Proactive supply chain risk management is not a great problem in developed countries. The problem is present in transition countries and underdeveloped countries. In those countries has not been built awareness about the importance of networking through supply chains and risk management within the supply chain. One of them is Republic of Serbia. Outside the door of the EU, the Republic of Serbia still retains the characteristics of the old system, and that is the great limitation for implementation of proactive supply chain risk management concept. Basic aim of paper is to research the level of proactive supply chain risk management. By using an adequate statistical methods, in paper will be analysed group of large enterprises from the Republic of Serbia. Besides that, author of paper suggesting the reasons and consequences of lack of proactive supply chain risk management.


This paper reports a systematic approach to the development of a method that combines continuous solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of 20 pharmacologically active substances including antibacterials (chloramphenicol, florfenicol, pyrimethamine, thiamphenicol), nonsteroideal anti-inflammatories (diclofenac, flunixin, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, mefenamic acid, niflumic acid, phenylbutazone), antiseptic (triclosan), antiepileptic (carbamazepine), lipid regulator (clofibric acid), β-blockers (metoprolol, propranolol), and hormones (17α-ethinylestradiol, estrone, 17β-estradiol) in milk samples. The sample preparation procedure involves deproteination of the milk, followed by sample enrichment and cleanup by continuous solid-phase extraction. The proposed method provides a linear response over the range of 0.6-5000 ng/kg and features limits of detection from 0.2 to 1.2 ng/kg depending on the particular analyte. The method was successfully applied to the determination of pharmacologically active substance residues in food samples including whole, raw, half-skim, skim, and powdered milk from different sources (cow, goat, and human breast).


Autism is a life-long neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by qualitative abnormalities in reciprocal social interactions and patterns of communication. Patients with autism are difficult to manage during dental treatment. Thus they need special consideration like physical restraint, conscious sedation or general anesthesia. A 5-year-old male dental patient with autism was reffered to dental treatment under conscious sedation using intramuscular midazolam that creats anterograde amnesia. Dental procedure using midazolm which cause anterograde amnesia can be effective treatment strategy in autism patient.


In this article an optimization of the on-air transmitted UWB signal is performed. This is achieved by designing an adapted filter, that not only restricts the signal to the mask given by the regulations, but also allows to compensate the non-ideal behavior of the UWB components at the transmitter side. Since for UWB transmission the power spectral density is limited, by optimizing the on-air transmitted UWB spectrum it will be possible to have an improvement of the transmitted power and hence of the transmission performance.


Wireless sensor networks' characteristics and limitations have led to severe challenges in their security. In this paper, one of the most common attacks, named as the Byzantine attack, has been studied. A sensor network with a mobile data fusion center is considered, and an optimized data collecting method is proposed which can apply the Neyman-Pearson criterion in a particular case of hard decision making. It means that keeping the false alarm rate constant, the detection probability is maximized. Using statistical data analysis, a closed model is obtained with an acceptable speed of convergence in a various number of sensors and attackers in the network. Then a novel malicious sensor detection scheme is exploited to identify the attack strength using the Hamming distance between every sensor report and the final decision. The simulation results show the superior performance of applying the proposed method in the decision process and also the proposed attack detection method in comparison with the conventional methods.


Background As a by product of higher value cotton fibre, cotton seed has been increasingly recognised to have excellent potential as a source of additional food, feed, biofuel stock and even a renewable platform for the production of many diverse biological molecules for agriculture and industrial enterprises. The large size difference between cotyledon and embryo axis that make up a cotton seed results in the under-representation of embryo axis gene transcript levels in whole seed embryo samples. Therefore, the determination of gene transcript levels in the cotyledons and embryo axes separately should lead to a better understanding of metabolism in these two developmentally diverse tissues. Results A comparative study of transcriptome changes between cotton developing cotyledon and embryo axis has been carried out. 17,384 unigenes (20.74% of all the unigenes) were differentially expressed in the two adjacent embryo tissues, and among them, 7,727 unigenes (44.45%) were down-regulated and 9,657 unigenes (55.55%) were up-regulated in cotyledon. Conclusions Our study has provided a comprehensive dataset that documents the dynamics of the transcriptome at the mid-maturity of cotton seed development and in discrete seed tissues, including embryo axis and cotyledon tissues. The results showed that cotton seed is subject to many transcriptome variations in these two tissue types and the differential gene expression between cotton embryo axis and cotyledon uncovered in our study should provide an important starting point for understanding how gene activity is coordinated during seed development to make a seed. Further, the identification of genes involved in rapid metabolite accumulation stage of seed development will extend our understanding of the complex molecular and cellular events in these developmental processes and provide a foundation for future studies on the metabolism, embryo differentiation of cotton and other dicot oilseed crops.


This study examines whether the organization culture, psychological well being, job involvement have an influence on the performance of teachers in the region gerbangkartasusila, respondents surveyed in this study were the teachers of Senior high school in the region; with a sample of 220 teachers. With good empirical analysis using individual micro data is cross Seccion survey conducted for the teachers of Senior high school in the region as well as the calculation of, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) which were processed using Amos 20 version. Result of this study get some conclusion that organizational culture (X) turns significant and positive impact on psychological well being (Z1) teachers of Senior high school in the region Gerbangkartasusila. Organization culture (X) turns out significant and positive impact on job involvement (job involvement) in the region are the teachers of Senior high school (Z2). Organizational culture (X) turns significant and positive impact on performance (Y) Senior High School teachers in the region Gerbangkartasusila. Psychological well being (Z1) turns significant and positive impact on job involvement (job involvement) at teachers Senior high school in the region. Psychological well being significant and positive impact on the performance of school teachers of Senior high school (Z1) in Gerbangkartasusila. Involvement of work (job involvement) (Z2) significant and positive impact on the performance of the teachers at Senior high school in region Gerbangkartasusila East Java (Y). So the results of this study provide a clear evidence of the empirical findings and strongly suggests that the performance of the teachers of Senior high school Gerbangkartasusila in East Java is strongly influenced by the culture of the organization and the level of the teachers' well being as well as the level of involvement the teachers work. Key Word : Organization Culture, Psychological Well Being, Job Involvement. Perfor-mance


Tablet splitting is particularly interesting for dose tapering and slow dose titration, especially in psychiatric and geriatric communities. The objective of this study was to investigate the accuracy and precision of splitting clonazepam tablets using a kitchen knife and a commercially available tablet splitter. Whole tablets and split portions were individually weighed to determine weight variation and weight loss. Despite an accurate splitting (mean percentage close to 100%), precision analysis indicated a high variability in half-tablets weight (RSD>6%), ranging around ± 25% for tablet splitter and ± 18% for kitchen knife. There was no significant difference between the splitting techniques used to divide the tablets for both accuracy and weight loss. These preliminary findings indicate that splitting clonazepam tablets either by tablet splitter or kitchen knife might result in an apparent accurate splitting, in spite of the lack of precision between split portions. Future research is needed to investigate if such variations in clonazepam daily drug doses would result in clinical outcomes compromising dose adjustment schedules.


Internet technology has been assimilated into children's educational system on an in-depth level. In particular, the number of children who use the internet for entertainment has been rapidly increasing. However, there has been a debate as to whether internet entertainment can have a detrimental impact on children's cognitive ability. This paper investigates the effect of internet entertainment on the cognitive ability of children in the Chinese context. The results show no evidence of associations between internet entertainment and children's cognitive ability. However, the additional analysis provides preliminary evidence suggesting that internet entertainment can be beneficial to children who use it for entertainment only on weekends but detrimental for those who spend leisure time online daily. In addition, the findings are robust in a variety of sensitivity tests. We also examine whether the effects of internet entertainment on children's cognitive ability in different family environments are heterogeneous. The findings suggest that parents' internet habits, parents' internet supervision, parental relationship, family education and living area play a moderating role in the relationship between internet entertainment and children's cognitive ability. This study offers useful insights into the current global debate on the nexus between internet entertainment and children's cognitive ability and also provides suggestions for parents, children, regulators and policymakers.


In machine-learning-based natural language processing, methods with high accuracy have been proposed for stance detection tasks. However, when they are applied to specific domains, they are often inaccurate due to domain-specific expressions. We propose an automated metamorphic testing method using transitive relations for creating training data that specializes stance detection in a specific domain. By specializing IBM Debater's stance detection in currency exchange domain, we confirmed our proposed method can improve the accuracy of judging the currency exchange-related sentences.


Domain Specific Modeling Languages (DSMLs) tend to play a central role in modern design processes as they enable the effective involvement of domain experts by focusing on a particular problem domain while abstracting away technical details. In this thesis, we investigate the specification of DSMLs with a particular focus on domain expert driven validation. Mainly, we are interested in developing Alloy-based approaches, allowing the definition of specifications from which instances can be generated and given to the domain experts for the sake of validation. The work we present in this thesis can be divided into three parts: The first part concerns the definition and execution of model transformations defined in Alloy. While Alloy analysis can be used as an execution engine for model transformations, the analysis process is time consuming. Model transformations playing a central role in DSML definitions, the development of a new model transformation language, named F-Alloy, retaining the benefits of Alloy with the added property of being efficiently computable was necessary. The second part focuses on validation. In that domain, our first contribution is a novel approach to the validation of model transformations called Visualization-Based Validation (VBV). VBV relies on the review by domain experts of intuitive depictions of model transformation traces to validate model transformation specifications. The whole process is made efficient by the usage of hybrid analysis, a combination of Alloy analysis and F-Alloy interpretation, allowing to reduce the time needed to analyze model transformations to the time needed to analyze its source. Our second contribution in the validation area is the definition of an Alloy-based approach to the specification and validation of DSMLs and of a design process defining how DSMLs can be validated using Alloy analysis at each iteration of the process. More precisely, we present how the abstract syntax, concrete syntax and operational semantics of a DSML can be defined using Alloy and F-Alloy, and show that the validation of a DSML' s abstract syntax and semantics benefits from the application of its concrete syntax. The third and last part aims at bringing those contributions to the practical world. To achieve this we developed a tool named Lightning implementing the aforementioned contributions. This tool, which belongs to the category of language workbenches, has been successfully used in an inter-disciplinary collaboration to define the Robot Perception System Language (RPSL). Based on this definition of RPSL, a framework has been developed to allow the execution of so called design space explorations. This framework represents a successful application of our approach to the real world problem of having RPSL specifications validated by experts in robotics.


Mass shootings are one example of a focusing event that has particular significance for firearms legislation. Mass shootings shock, disturb and provoke enormous and controversial debate, often causing significant public and media resonance, becoming the subject of intense discussion politically. At times providing an impetus for legislative amendments, often in distinct ways that routine gun violence does not. If certain events highlight the need for reform, policy change becomes more likely. Cases with the lowest number of victims are likely to generate the least amount of attention and are most likely to be missed in data collection, rendering them the least noteworthy, least important in terms of lethality and social and political consequence. Various problems come to the attention of people in and around government, necessitating an understanding of why such problems occupy officials' attention and appear to be more 'deserving' of attention.


The thesis is about divesity initiatives by Finnish corporates to utilize and integrate selfinitiated expatriates (SIE) at work. SIE means foreigers who come to Finland voluntarily and are different from assigned expatriates, sent to Finland by companies. The research was a multiple case study of semi-structured interviews of four expatriates in various Finnish companies in Southern Finland. The study explored how SIE perceirved diversity initiatives by their companies and suggested recommendations in practice. There had been research topics on diversity mangement for minorities (Dinwoodie, 2005), leadership for every employee to motivate him or her to perform more extra-role behaviors cited by Noermijati and Azzuhri (2018) and other reseachers, social support to alleviate acculturation stress for foreign workers (Ward and Kennedy, 1993) and cross-cultural training for assigned expatriates (Morris and Robie, 2001). All of those initiatives were to aim at maximizing workers' capabilities for organizational benefits but none of those research papers were applied for SIE in Finland. Research about integration and utilization of SIE is important for Finland because currently the country needs more workers to maintain the highly-praised social welfare Nordic model in the future. My qualitative research study generated several important findings. Diversity management helped erase stereotypes and discrimination at surface level but might not be very effective in deeper level. Not every leadership (transformational, social exchange based and PathGoal theory leadership) was effective the same way for every expatriate and personalities or cultural identities might be the explanations. Social support were very effective for expatriates but in fact (very) limited in practice. Expatriates in Finland all needed an interactive Finnish language training (not yet implemented in practice) to overcome the barrier of a more challenging tongue than many others. Recommendations of corporates were based on those findings. My main contribution throughout the Thesis, therefore, was to build a framework of how to utilize and integrate SIE better in organizations. The managerial implications were concerning better understanding from corporates about the law in Finland for SIE, more joint activities, better evaluation of expatriates' ideas, improvement on teamwork based on more communication, how to take advantages from difference in cultural identities, and more Finnish cultural training for expatriates.


Falls and fall-induced injuries in older people are a major public health problem in modern societies with aging populations. Injury is the fifth leading cause of death in older adults, and most of these fatal injuries are related to falls. We have assessed the nationwide trends in fall-induced deaths of older people in Finland for more than 3 decades (1971-2002), and the results showed that the number of fall-induced deaths among elderly Finns is clearly increasing, especially among men.


The preparation of bulk glasses in Ca-Si-Al-O-N-F system with the composition in equivalent % of 28e/oCa:56e/oSi:16e/oAl:100-X-Ye/oO:Xe/oF:Ye/oN are reported. The glass formation behaviour and properties of this new range of glasses are examined in detail. Fluorine decreases the glass transition temperature, the density and the mechanical properties of the glasses while nitrogen increases them. Therefore, it appears that fluorine acts as a network modifier while, on the contrary, nitrogen acts as a network former even in presence of fluorine.


The primary goal of the present study aimed to evaluate the prophylactic effect of Hypericum Perforatum L. extract on memory dysfunction induced by scopolamine in adult male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenout). Rats administered daily P.O Hypericum Perforatum L. extract (350 mg/kg) for two, four, eight weeks and the group of rats at the end of each interval intraperitoneally administered scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg). Scopolamine administration significantly increased the latency time in Morris Water Maze (MWM) task and significantly increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and significantly decreased noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin levels in cortex and hippocampus and serum thyroid function (T3, T4 and TSH levels). In groups administered Hypericum Perforatum L. pre-scopolamine injection recorded significant decrease in the latency time in MWM, decrease in ACHE activity and significant increase in the monoamines in cortex and hippocampus and serum T3, T4 and TSH levels. The study highlights the prophylactic efficacy of the neuro-protective effect of Hypericum Perforatum L. extract against scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment.


1 Zhang Lei ( 1985), female, PhD. candidate, Nan Jing Forestry University . Research on: Printing image and text information processing, Image watermarking technology. Foundation: Research Innovation Program for Graduate Student of Jiangsu province (No. CXZZ12_0528) Abstract. This paper applied two-dimension code in image watermarking, according to the high recognition performance and robustness of two-dimension code, the digital watermarking information was converted into the two-dimensional code and embedded in original image, after attacking watermark-image, the attacked image was printed and scanned, then, extracted the watermark information from scanned image, did the research of print-scan resistant watermarking based on two-dimension code.


Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of human malaria, is an apicomplexan parasite with a complex, multi-host life cycle. Sixty percent of transcripts from its extreme AT-rich (81%) genome possess coding polyadenosine (polyA) runs, distinguishing the parasite from its hosts and other sequenced organisms. Recent studies indicate that transcripts with polyA runs encoding poly-lysine are hot spots for ribosome stalling and frameshifting, eliciting mRNA surveillance pathways and attenuating protein synthesis in the majority of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Here, we show that the P. falciparum translational machinery is paradigm-breaking. Using bioinformatic and biochemical approaches, we demonstrate that both endogenous genes and reporter sequences containing long polyA runs are efficiently and accurately transcribed and translated in P. falciparum cells. Translation of polyA tracks in the parasite does not elicit any response from mRNA surveillance pathways usually seen in host human cells or organisms with similar AT content. The translation efficiency and accuracy of the parasite protein synthesis machinery reveals a unique role of ribosomes in the evolution and adaptation of P. falciparum to an AU-rich transcriptome and polybasic amino sequences. Finally, we show that the ability of P. falciparum to synthesize long poly-lysine repeats has given this parasite a unique protein exportome and an advantage in infectivity that can be suppressed by addition of exogenous poly-basic polymers.


This article reports on the role of annealing on the development of microstructure and its concomitant effects on the thermoelectric properties of polycrystalline AgPb_mSbTe_2+ m ( m = 18, lead–antimony–silver–tellurium, LAST-18) compounds. The annealing temperature was varied by applying a gradient annealing method, where a 40-mm-long sample rod was heat treated in an axial temperature gradient spanning between 200 and 600 °C for 7 days. Transmission electron microscopy investigations revealed Ag_2Te nanoparticles at a size of 20–250 nm in the matrix. A remarkable reduction in the thermal conductivity to as low as 0.8 W/mK was also recorded. The low thermal conductivity coupled with a large Seebeck coefficient of ∼320 μV/K led to high ZT of about 1.05 at 425 °C for the sample annealed at 505 °C. These results also demonstrate that samples annealed above 450 °C for long term are more thermally stable than those treated at lower temperatures.


SUMMARY We examined the relation between religiosity (importance of religion) and child maltreatment, psychosexual development, self-disclosure of homosexuality and reactions to same with two samples of sexual minority women (Internet n = 84, Coffee House n = 92) obtained with block sampling designs. Extremely important religiosity currently was associated with precocious psychosexual development and self-disclosure in the Internet sample only. Very important religiosity currently was associated with psychosexual development and self-disclosure of minority sexual orientation at significantly older ages. We discuss these results in the context of arguments that religiosity may be a risk factor for sexual minorities. Although not a risk factor in our samples, religiosity appeared to have lost the protective influence observed in studies of the general population.