Can art, religion, or philosophy afford ineffable insights? If so, what are they? The idea of ineffability has puzzled philosophers from Laozi to Wittgenstein. In Ineffability and its Metaphysics: The Unspeakable in Art, Religion and Philosophy, Silvia Jonas examines different ways of thinking about what ineffable insights might involve metaphysically, and shows which of these are in fact incoherent. Jonas discusses the concepts of ineffable properties and objects, ineffable propositions, ineffable content, and ineffable knowledge, examining the metaphysical pitfalls involved in these concepts. Ultimately, she defends the idea that ineffable insights as found in aesthetic, religious, and philosophical contexts are best understood in terms of self-acquaintance, a particular kind of nonpropositional knowledge. Ineffability as a philosophical topic is as old as the history of philosophy itself, but contributions to the exploration of ineffability have been sparse. The theory developed by Jonas makes the concept tangible and usable in many different philosophical contexts.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the inhibitory effect of imrecoxib combined with lobaplatin on tumor growth and lymph node metastasis of human lung adenocarcinoma xenografts in nude mice, and to explore its possible mechanisms.

METHODS
Human lung cancer A549 cells were injected into Bal B/c nude mice subcutaneously. Twenty-eight healthy male nude mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group, imrecoxib group, lobaplatin group and imrecoxib combined with lobaplatin group. Each group was treated with appropriate drugs and the tumor size was measured every five days. The expression of ezrin and E-cadherin protein was detected by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Ezrin and E-cadherin mRNA were detected by real-time PCR.

RESULTS
The tumor inhibition rates of imrecoxib group, lobaplatin group and combination group were 36.7%, 54.6% and 69.2%, respectively. The tumor volumes of imrecoxib group [(905.33±113.31) mm(3)] and combination group [(507.74±77.50) mm(3)] were significantly lower than that of the control group (1355.33±189.04) mm(3) (P<0.05), and the tumor weights were significantly reduced [(1.13±0.14) g, (0.63±0.10) g respectively] vs. (1.69±0.24) g (P<0.05). The expressions of ezrin protein and mRNA in the imrecoxib group and combined treatment group were significantly lower than that of the control group (136.53±35.52, 74.72±19.48 vs. 175.62±21.16 for protein expression level; 0.54±0.03, 0.36±0.03 vs. 1.02±0.02 for mRNA expression level, respectively, P<0.05 for both), while the expression of E-cadherin protein and mRNA in the imrecoxib group and combined treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (253.78±38.87, 308.94±24.67 vs. 213.66±30.31 for protein expression level; 2.19±0.02, 3.02±0.02 vs. 1.05±0.03 for mRNA expression level, respectively, P<0.05 for both). There was a significant negative correlation between ezrin protein and E-cadherin protein (r=-0.737, P<0.01), as well as between ezrin mRNA and E-cadherin mRNA (r=-0.977, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
Administration of imrecoxib combined with lobaphatin has inhibitory effects on the growth of non-small cell lung cancer xenografts and lymph node metastasis via down-regulated ezrin and upregulated E-cadherin. Imrecoxib and lobaplatin have a synergistic antitumor effect.


On 26 December1999 the storm Lothar hit Switzerland, followed by the storm Martin during the night from 27 to 28 December. High wind speeds and heavy gusts were characteristic of both storms, which caused great damage to forests, buildings and infrastructures. More than 12 million m 3 of timber were damaged and the total cost amounted to 1.7 billion CHF. In this paper an overview of the meteorological conditions, the damage and the measures taken to deal with it is presented. It can be concluded that the consequences of the storm were well managed by most involved. However, improvements are possible for example, in the areas of the meteorological warning and communication of warnings and of communication between the different groups responsible for crisis management and recovery. Rapid decision-making according to clear criteria and the clear communication of a structured plan for coping with the damage in the forest could accelerate the recovery and lead to more satisfactory results.


Ernest Mathijs and Xavier Mendik (eds), The Cult Film Reader. Maidenhead: McGraw Hill/Open University Press, 2008. 549pp. US$54.95. (pbk)The notion of cult is an increasingly widespread subject within both popular and academic discourses. While once it was a moniker reserved for midnight movies like Night of the Living Dead (Romero US 1968) and El Topo (Jodorowsky Mexico 1970) or grindhouse screenings of exploitation films, now you can dress up like a nun and attend Singalong Sound of Music and call it cult. Cult cinema is an evolving concept and the subject has in recent years moved away from the periphery towards the centre of debates within film studies. Ernest Mathijs and Xavier Mendik's The Cult Film Reader is a response to this transition, uniting a large selection of previously published articles about cult film and moulding them into a comprehensive and enlightening exploration of the topic. It brings together influential works that have established the terrain for the study of cult cinema, including Siegfried Kracauer's 'Cult of Distraction: On Berlin's Picture Palaces', Umberto Eco's 'Casablanca: Cult Movies and Intertextual Collage', Jeffrey Sconce's seminal Screen article 'Trashing the Academy', Henry Jenkins' oft-cited '"Get a life!": Fans, Poachers, Nomads' and John Fiske's 'The Cultural Economy of Fandom'. The book places these chapters alongside works by more recent academics such as Matt Hills' 'Media Fandom, Neoreligiosity and Cult(ural) Studies', Mark Jancovich's 'Cult Fictions: Cult Movies, Subcultural Capital and the Production of Cultural Distinctions' and Martin Barker, Ernest Mathijs and Xavier Mendik's 'Menstrual Monsters: The Reception of the Ginger Snaps Cult Horror Franchise', who are building upon this work to create new approaches to the subject. It also interweaves into the discussion well-established texts that, while not directly about cult film, have had a significant bearing upon the discourses that surround our understanding of cult, including Walter Benjamin's 'The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction', Susan Sontag's 'On Camp' and Pierre Bourdieu's 'Introduction to Distinction'. The chapters are all well written and rigorously argued by leading scholars in the field. By pulling all of this work together in The Cult Film Reader, the editors have produced an invaluable collection for anyone researching or teaching cult cinema.Furthermore, in structuring the book in this manner, the editors are not simply linking together core readings to be used for teaching but chronicling the evolution and growth of a new discipline. This approach is supported by the book's introduction by Mathijs and Mendik, which offers a comprehensive series of definitions of cult film, recognising the diversity and complexity of the concept by examining the topic in terms of the film texts, audiences, production and industrial contexts and cultural status. These definitions are then explored in more detail through each of the chapters in the book.The one significant gap in the collection, however, is a detailed discussion of exhibition. While in their introduction the editors note the importance of the unique relationship between the academy and the industry to our understanding of cult cinema, a discussion of exhibition and distribution is noticeably absent. The section on consumption does move beyond the film text to consider the film within its discursive surround, but this is largely focused upon audiences and fandom. A more detailed discussion of the range of ways exhibition and distribution have shaped our experience of cult cinema would have been incredibly useful.Having said this, the collection is still coherently structured, broken down into four broad sections: 'The Concept of Cult', 'Case Studies', 'National and International Cults' and 'Cult Consumption'. Each section begins with an introduction by the editors that explains the rationale for its content. Rather than simply supply a summary of the chapters in the section, the editors provide the necessary context surrounding the topic to understand the choices that have been made and their significance for the study of cult cinema. …


OBJECTIVE
To compare the tubulogenesis capability of malignant glioma-derived microvessel endothelial cells (GDMEC) from human brain with that of ECV304 cells in a three dimentional model and to explore the significance of GDMEC in the study on angiogenesis.

METHODS
The GDMEC were isolated from malignant gliomas of human brain and purified by selective binding to the monoclonal antibody against CD105 bound to the magnetic MACS MicroBeads. GDMEC and endothelial-like cell line ECV304 were compared with their capabilities of formatting tubule-like structure (TLS) in the three dimentional collagen matrix, with or without inducement by various concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

RESULTS
The obtained GDMEC had a high purification (98%) and could be successfully cultured in vitro. GDMECs formed more TLS than ECV304 cells of the same number and at the same time points. VEGF could induce rapid formation of TLS in a dose-dependent manner, however, ECV304 cells were less response to VEGF stimulation.

CONCLUSIONS
GDMEC could maintain their endothelial characteristics and potential capability of angiogenesis. They were more response to VEGF than ECV304, therefore, more suitable for in vitro studies on tumor angiogenesis.


A new regression-based copper toxicity model was applied in a case study of San Francisco Bay, California, USA, to demonstrate its utility in estimating risk and site-specific water quality criteria. This was accomplished using probabilistic techniques and a simple model relating dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations with the toxicity of dissolved copper to embryos of the most copper sensitive taxon (Mytilus) in the US Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) water quality criteria database. Similar probabilistic techniques were applied to data developed for San Francisco Bay using the USEPA's water-effect ratio (WER) methods for comparison with the DOC-based method. Based on 595 siteand date-specific DOC model observations at 26 sites in San Francisco Bay, none suggested risk of chronic toxicity. Safety factors (1/risk quotient) on average across all sites ranged from 2.4 to 9.1. Comparisons were made between 1) estimates of site-specific criteria made using the DOC method, 2) estimates of site-specific criteria made using the WER method, 3) USEPA national and California Toxics Rule criteria, and 4) region-specific criteria recommended for regulatory implementation by the Clean Estuary Partnership. The DOCand WER-based methods indicated that copper criteria for San Francisco Bay could be increased above USEPA and California Toxics Rule criteria and will retain the level of protection ( 97%) embodied in the USEPA copper saltwater water quality criteria. The DOC method overall was more conservative (i.e., implies the need for lower criteria in the Bay) than the WER method. The DOC method suggests that the region-specific criteria being recommended for regulatory implementation would be underprotective in some areas and yet could be increased and remain protective in other areas of San Francisco Bay.


Acute lung injury (ALI) is due to an uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response resulting from direct injury to the lung or indirect injury in the setting of a systemic process. Such insults lead to the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which includes activation of leukocytes-alveolar macrophages and sequestered neutrophils-in the lung. Although systemic inflammatory response syndrome is a physiologic response to an insult, systemic leukocyte activation, if excessive, can lead to end organ injury, such as ALI. Excessive recruitment of leukocytes is critical to the pathogenesis of ALI, and the magnitude and duration of the inflammatory process may ultimately determine the outcome in patients with ALI. Leukocyte recruitment is a well orchestrated process that depends on the function of chemokines and their receptors. Understanding the mechanisms that contribute to leukocyte recruitment in ALI may ultimately lead to the development of effective therapeutic strategies.


In the competitive electricity market, it is not always possible to discharge all of the contracted power transactions due to congestion in the transmission lines. In most cases, Independent System Operator tries to remove congestion by rescheduling output power of the generators. In this research paper, active and reactive power generator sensitivity factors of the generators to the congested lines have been used to determine the number of generators participating in congestion management. Secondly, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based algorithm has been suggested to minimize the deviations of rescheduled values of active and reactive powers of generators from scheduled values, considering voltage stability enhancement and voltage profile improvement criteria. Thus, rescheduling cost of active power and reactive power were minimized by PSO. The proposed algorithm has been tested on IEEE 30 bus system and results obtained have been compared with previous literature in terms of solution quality.


Over the last two decades, university systems world-wide have been subject to government initiated, top-down restructures in the name of greater effectiveness, accountability and quality. Within this timeframe, government interest in university teaching has increased, and innovation and responsiveness in teaching have been increasingly prioritised by both government and university policies. Academic interest in the teaching has also increased, and much research and discussion has focused on defining teaching as a source of scholarship and expounding its role in the promotion of innovation, and in the recognition and rewarding of teaching work. In this paper, I draw on a study of academics' views, which I have reported at previous AARE conferences and elsewhere, to raise questions about recent and ongoing developments in the work environment of university educators. I raise the possibility that systems and processes whose express purpose is to facilitate and support university educators' efforts to improve teaching are, in fact, inhibiting innovative practice by institutionalising an aversion to risk that is anathema to innovation.


Invasion biology examines species originated elsewhere and moved with the help of humans, and those species' impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human well-being. In a globalized world, the emergence and spread of many human infectious pathogens are quintessential biological invasion events. Some macroscopic invasive species themselves contribute to the emergence and transmission of human infectious agents. We review conceptual parallels and differences between human epidemics and biological invasions by animals and plants. Fundamental concepts in invasion biology regarding the interplay of propagule pressure, species traits, biotic interactions, eco-evolutionary experience, and ecosystem disturbances can help to explain transitions between stages of epidemic spread. As a result, many forecasting and management tools used to address epidemics could be applied to biological invasions and vice versa. Therefore, we advocate for increasing cross-fertilization between the two disciplines to improve prediction, prevention, treatment, and mitigation of invasive species and infectious disease outbreaks, including pandemics.


The use of spreadsheets as a supplemental planning tool with simulation games is becoming relatively common [1, 3, 11]. This paper will discuss one such application. The approach discussed is unique in that the spreadsheet usage deals with the Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) problem embedded in a logistics simulation game. While most of the students had been exposed previously to MRP and some of them to spreadsheet usage, this application presented an opportunity for them to work with MRP systematically and efficiently rather than just "muddling through."


This paper presents an innovative methodology for rapid manufacturing embedded microchannels. The presented technology is based on a direct-write technique using a scanning laser system to pattern a single layered SU-8. It greatly simplifies the processes for embedded microchannels fabrication and differs from the previous work that was fimdamentaltlly limited by the third dimension (perpendicular to the surface) processing capability. This paper also describes the underlying theory and method to determine the Young's modulus of exposed SU-8 by using a laser acoustic microscopy system. The laser-based ultrasonic technique offers a non-contact, nondestructive means of evaluation and materials characterization. It allows for local inspection of material properties within the field of view of the microscope.


Of the total of 241 parotid tumors surgically treated between 1956 and 1975 at the Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, Karl Marx University at Leipzig, 190 were of benign and 51, of malignant character. Patients of advanced age showed preferential development of parotid tumors. In more than ninety percent of the cases, the results of sialography were in agreement with surgical results. Surgical removal of the entire parotid gland was performed with the exception of those cases where the tumor showed good encapsulation and was confirmed to the pars superficialis of the parotid gland. Three cases of complete, permanent facial palsy resulted from surgical treatment of 190 cases of benign parotid tumors. The prognosis of malignant parotid tumors is extremely bad, and it is characterized by a proportion of successful surgical operations of only 26.5 percent.


Machining operations confronted by a shortage of technical manpower and pricing competition, not only need to implement automated and operator-free technology, but also to meet the demands for much higher performance of products, higher reliability, longer life and miniaturization. Tool wear has a large influence on the economics of the machining operations. Hence, tool wear sensing should be one of the primary objectives in order to produce the required end products in an automated industry, so that, a new tool may be introduced at the instant at which the existing tool has worn out. Thus preventing any hazards occurring to the machine or deterioration of the surface finish. Often, tool wear affects the surface texture seriously and changes the tool geometry. This paper discusses a specific approach of surface modeling and approximation of tool wear in drilling based on cutting force analysis by fuzzy system.


INTRODUCTION
since food service in hospitals complements medical treatment, it should be produced in proper hygienic and sanitary conditions. It is a well-known fact that food-transmitted illnesses affect with greater severity hospitalized and immunosuppressed patients.

AIMS
good practices in hospital food service are evaluated by comparing assessment instruments.

METHODS
good practices were evaluated by a verification list following Resolution of Collegiate Directory n. 216 of the Brazilian Agency for Sanitary Vigilance. Interpretation of listed items followed parameters of RCD 216 and the Brazilian Association of Collective Meals Enterprises (BACME). Fisher's exact test was applied to detect whether there were statistically significant differences. Analysis of data grouping was undertaken with Unweighted Pair-group using Arithmetic Averages, coupled to a correlation study between dissimilarity matrixes to verify disagreement between the two methods.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Good Practice was classified with mean total rates above 75% by the two methods. There were statistically significant differences between services and food evaluated by BACME instrument. Hospital Food Services have proved to show conditions of acceptable good practices.

CONCLUSION
the comparison of interpretation tools based on RCD n. 216 and BACME provided similar results for the two classifications.


HIV-1 tat, a strong transactivator, is essential for the HIV-1 replication and AIDS progression. The Tat function is markedly inhibited by human anti-oncogene p53. This work was initiated to identify the p53-associated inhibitory mechanism on tat-mediated transactivation. Inhibitory function of p53 was confirmed by co-transfection of tat-expressing Jurkat cells with LTR-CAT plasmid, or H3T1 cells (LTR-CAT integrated HeLa cells) with different ratio of pSV-tat/pCDNA- p53 plasmids. Results from the direct protein-protein interaction between soluble p53 and tat, and yeast two-hybrid experiments showed that the co-suppression mechanism is unlikely to be due to the direct interaction. CAT activity was not affected by tat in Jurkat cells which were transfected with p53-promoter-CAT or p53-enhancer-CAT, suggesting that the tat-mediated p53 suppression is not directly associated with p53-promoter. Finally, we have tested protein kinase activity in p53-tranfected Jurkat cells, which might phosphorylate HIV-1 tat, resulting in inhibition of tat function. Some of our data lead us to assurne that the p53-mediated tat inhibition is likely to be associated with p53-associated, signaling-mediated phosphorylation of tat, resulting in the dysfunction of tat. This study is now under investigation.


The most relevant aspects of the Martian atmosphere are presented in this paper, focusing on the almost unexplored upper atmosphere. We summarize the most recent observations concerning this region, as well as the numerical models used to its study. Special attention is devoted to the only ground-to-exosphere General Circulation Model existing today for Mars, the LMD-MGCM. The model and its extension to the thermosphere are described and the strategies used for its validation are shortly discussed. Finally, we briefly present some comparisons between the results of the model and the observations by different spacecrafts.


Rhetorical Frames in AI can be thought of as expressions that describe AI development as a competition between two or more actors, such as governments or companies. Examples of such Frames include robotic arms race, AI rivalry, technological supremacy, cyberwarfare dominance and 5G race. Detection of Rhetorical Frames from open sources can help us track the attitudes of governments or companies towards AI, specifically whether attitudes are becoming more cooperative or competitive over time. Given the rapidly increasing volumes of open sources (online news media, twitter, blogs), it is difficult for subject matter experts to identify Rhetorical Frames in (near) real-time. Moreover, these sources are in general unstructured (noisy) and therefore, detecting Frames from these sources will require state-of-the-art text classification techniques. In this paper, we develop RheFrameDetect, a text classification system for (near) real-time capture of Rhetorical Frames from open sources. Given an input document, RheFrameDetect employs text classification techniques at multiple levels (document level and paragraph level) to identify all occurrences of Frames used in the discussion of AI. We performed extensive evaluation of the text classification techniques used in RheFrameDetect against human annotated Frames from multiple news sources. To further demonstrate the effectiveness of RheFrameDetect, we show multiple case studies depicting the Frames identified by RheFrameDetect compared against human annotated Frames.


Various and inconsistent definitions for free and added sugars are used in the consideration and assessment of dietary intakes across public health, presenting challenges for nutritional surveillance, research, and policy. Furthermore, analytical methods to identify those sugars which are not naturally incorporated into the cellular structure of foods are lacking, thus free and added sugars are difficult to estimate in an efficient and accurate way. We aimed to establish a feasible and accurate method that can be applied flexibly to different definitions. Based on recipe disaggregation, our method involved five steps and showed good repeatability and validity. The resulting Free Sugars Database provided data for seven components of sugars; (1) table sugar; (2) other sugars; (3) honey; (4) fruit juice; (5) fruit puree; (6) dried fruit; and (7) stewed fruit, for ~9000 foods. Our approach facilitates a standardized and efficient assessment of added and free sugars, offering benefit and potential for nutrition research and surveillance, and for the food industry, for example to support sugar reduction and reformulation agendas.


tA/v\Am (the Audio/Video Analysis Machine) is an interactive analysis engine optimized for audio/visual mediums, such as film, video games, and music. I designed tA/v\Am to allow users to pace the playback speed of videos containing sub-title style analytical text, without affecting the pitch content of the audio. The software affords writers the opportunity to display the relevant sensory data (i.e., analytical text and sound/visual media) more efficiently than the paper format. It also serves as a flexible medium; the writer may, for example, compress extensive text into a short amount of time, causing the reader to pause or slow down the rate of the video and thus suspending him/her in the sensorial moment which the writer describes. G®iND for Alto Saxophone, Percussion & Electronics is an exploration of the tipping point between signal and noise. Through tablature notation, MIR tools, granular synthesis, and the deconstruction of the saxophone, I have assembled a palette of inordinately contrasting sounds and threaded them together based on action profiles obtained by computer assisted analysis. With them, I have set varying physical conditions of friction that dictates whether the sonic energy is to become focused to one resonant point, or distributed equally/randomly throughout the spectrum as noise. In my critical essay, I use the software to analyze independent video games, showing how tA/v\Am is a highly appropriate tool for such analysis as it is an analogous medium. I then show the software's capabilities as a multimedia platform in analyzing acoustic music, as well as my own electroacoustic work, G®iND. In doing so, I advocate for a media-driven analyses, and maintain that one can communicate nuanced ideas using minimal verbal/textual explanation.


We study the dynamics of liquid CS2 in order to explore reorientation and intermolecular interactions in condensed phases at new levels of detail. A combination of ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and high-resolution spontaneous Raman spectroscopy is applied to investigate torques and rotational correlations in molecular CS2. We find excellent agreement between experiment and computer simulation. The reorientational correlation time at 300 K is found to be 1.5 ps with a RMS torque of 1.4 × 10−20 J for the experiment and 1.5 × 10−20 J for the simulation. Examination of the ab initio torques in the molecules shows that dipoles induced from fluctuations in molecular shape is the main cause of the attractive forces between molecules.


From the culture fluid of Actinomyces streptomycini streptomycin was extracted and then hemagglutinin, a biologically active substance, was isolated. The isolation included ethanol fractionation, sulfate ammonium protein precipitation, elimination of contaminating components via centrifugation, dialysis and subsequent lyophilization. The resultant hemagglutinin showed activity towards animal and human erythrocytes, and blast-transforming and mitogenic activity towards human lymphocytes.


Thirty-nine foreign language teaching authorities responded to an invitation to indicate the 'gaps' they felt existed in the training of foreign language teachers. This article summarizes their responses. In the main, the gaps in foreign language education are found where they have always been–on the college and university levels. Secondary schools are innovating to such an extent that methods teachers are hard pressed to prepare their students for all the new trends. Although the language proficiency of graduates is improving, many critics feel that a year of study and travel in the target culture is the only way for them to gain real mastery of the four skills. Moreover, residence abroad would put them in a better position to interpret the deep culture of the country to their future students. Films and tapes of excellent teaching should be readily available so that cadet teachers may analyze them and learn why they are models. Haphazard student field experiences must be more tightly organized. It would be well for the profession to form a consensus on optimum practices in teacher training institutions and publicize the statement. With the knowledge explosion that is taking place, teachers probably need five years to acquire all the necessary competencies.


Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder of the extrapyramidal system, which occurs following the slow and progressive destruction of the pigmented dopaminergic neurons in the brain stem, particularly the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies. Parkinson's disease has a progressive evolution and its signs and symptoms develop in time. The aim of this study was to analyze the potential role of rehabilitation treatment for the prevention of complications in patients with Parkinson's disease, compared to patients with drug therapy alone. The study included 30 patients aged between 50 and 82 years, divided into two groups: group A, including 15 patients who received both anti-Parkinson drug treatment and rehabilitation treatment consisting of massage, kinesiotherapy and occupational therapy, and group B, patients who received only anti-Parkinson drug treatment. The duration of treatment was two weeks. The study included patients with stages I-IV (the Hoehn and Yahr scale). The evaluation scale used was the Garden City Scale for the testing of tremor, bradykinesia, stiffness, gait, posture, facies, upper limb balance, speech, vegetative disorders and the self-care ability. At the end of the study, the study group, with rehabilitation treatment, had statistically significant improvements compared to the control group, with drug treatment alone. The highest improvements were found in the items "stiffness" and "bradykinesia", and due to these, the quality of gait was also improved. The exercises for the increase of facial mobility are extremely important, because they improve the verbal and nonverbal communication function. Our data suggest the fact that early individualized rehabilitation treatment plays an important role in the improvement of the quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease, by the reduction of the degree of disability, the prevention of complications and the increase of the quality of life. Each patient should benefit from rehabilitation treatment that should be continued at home for better results.


Therapeutic-prophylactic measures in 60 patients were directed to remove the main pathogenetic mechanisms of development of lung emphysema (control of the obstructive syndrome, normalization of the sputum rheology, reduction of the protease level, restoration of the surfactant system activity). The efficacy of complex treatment (broncholytic agents, mucus regulators, protease inhibitors, etc.) depended largely on the necessity of active prophylactic medical care of patients with dust-induced bronchitis at early stages of the disease.


John Jenkins (d. December 17, 1681) served more times as proprietary governor than any other person, taking the seat no less than four times. He achieved power with the backing of the anti-proprietary faction (pre-1663 settlers) of which he was a leader. Jenkins, a native of England, married a woman named Johanna. By the 1650s Jenkins evidently lived on 400 acres in Northampton County, Virginia, known as Egge Neck, receiving the land in return for bringing eight settlers to Virginia. By 1662 he had moved to the Albemarle region. In September 1663 Virginia Governor William Berkeley issued a 700-acre grant to Jenkins on Harveys Neck for bringing fourteen people to Virginia. Jenkins had been involved in maritime activities since 1653 when the English Council of State licensed him to command the ship King of Poland to take twentythree men and one hundred pairs of shoes to Bermuda.


We present a study of on the goal-oriented modeling of RE processes executed by a practicing systems development team. The research combines an empirical case study of RE practices with the evaluation and simulation capability of i* modeling. Our analysis focuses on a system implementation project at a mid-size U.S. university and applies the theory of distributed cognition to generate a range of design insights for goal identification and process enhancement.


Study Design. A report on the use of recombinant activated factor VII in 4 patients who developed severe intractable bleeding and coagulopathy during spine surgery. Objective. To describe the role of recombinant activated factor VII for hemostasis during spine surgery. Summary of Background Data. Recombinant activated factor VII is indicated for the treatment of bleeding episodes and the prevention of bleeding during surgery in patients with hemophilia with inhibitors. However, its use in adults undergoing spine surgery has not yet been reported. Methods. Four patients who underwent multilevel spine surgery through an anterior approach incurred massive bieeding and subsequently became coagulopathic. Standard hemostatic techniques were performed and blood products were transfused. Persistence of the bleeding prompted the use of recombinant activated factor VII. Results. Treatment with recombinant activated factor VII led to an improvement in prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time and brought about cessation in gross, nonsurgical bleeding intreoperatively. No clinically relevant thrombotic complications related to the drug were noted. Conclusions. Recombinant activated factor VII is promising as an adjunctive hemostatic agent for patients wins perioperative bleeding. problems during spine surgery. Efficacy is seen even at low doses.


ABSTRACT Most studies of peer support for intimate partner violence (IPV) at U.S. institutions of higher learning focused solely on male assaults on heterosexual women. As well, the bulk of this work only examined how all-male social networks perpetuate and legitimate this behavior. Using recent data from a survey administered at a large U.S. residential university, the main objective of this paper is to help fill a research gap by presenting findings on (1) how having peers who have perpetrated dating abuse and (2) peers' encouragement to be abusive to dates contributes to IPV victimization in a campus lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) community. The results show that LGB students report a higher rate of such victimization than heterosexual students and the two aforementioned types of pro-abuse peer support significantly predict victimization among both sexual orientation groups.


The main primary symptoms in 363 MPN patients subdivided in 123 ET, 190 PV and 50 MF patients were fatigue, night sweats, pruritis and bone pain. MPN diagnosis was based on symptoms in 56% (n = 203), detected by coincidence in 30% (n = 110) and based on complications in 14% (n = 49). The 497 MPN patients were on treatment with low dose aspirin in 70%, phlebotomy in 42% (mainly PV 91%), hydroxyurea in about 30% of ET, PV and MF, and pegylated interferon-alpha2a in 16% of ET and PV patients at time of evaluation. The MPN patients were limited in physical mobility in 10%, 14% and 24%, limited in the ability to exercise in 15%, 29% and 38% and social activity was restricted in 9%, 11% and 11% of ET, PV and MF patients respectively. Non-retired MPN patients experienced self-reported fatigue as the main reason for the inability to work full-time in 31% of ET, 40% of PV and 59% of MF patients. The top 20 complaints at time of diagnosis in 399 out of 497 (81%) MPN patients was fatigue (81%) equally high in ET, PV and MF patients. Apart from fatigue about 40% to 60% of ET and PV patients presented with aspirin responsive microvascular disturbances. Itching (PV 58% vs ET 30%) and fatigue were much more prominent in PV. About one third of MPN (ET, PV and MF) patients suffered from bone pain. MF patients suffered more frequently from constitutional symptoms of prominent fatigue and night sweats related to pronounced splenomegaly. Before the diagnosis was made in 497 MPN patients, the complaints were ascribed to other causes in 173 (35%): to stress, burned out or overstrained in 41 (24%), to depression or hystery in 14 (8%), migraine of unknown origin in 13 (8%) and to rheuma, hypertension or fibromalgia in a few.


Ecology![Figure][1]

Italian honeybee, a generalist pollinator, visiting chive flowers

PHOTO: ARTERRA/GETTY IMAGES

Plants and their insect pollinators form ecological networks across landscapes, networks that can be altered by human activity, principally agriculture. Redhead et al. assessed the composition and structure of plant-pollinator networks across Great Britain, assembling citizen-science records of all plant-pollinator interactions. By simulating extinction of plant species from communities, they were then able to assess the relative robustness of these networks to changes in community composition. They found that networks in highly agricultural landscapes are more robust to perturbation, as the pollinators in these landscapes tend to be generalists, and the plants less extinction prone. Nevertheless, they note that managing landscapes for crop pollination may not be a recipe for wider biodiversity conservation.

Ecol. Lett. 10.1111/ele.13157 (2018).

 [1]: pending:yes


Organic materials are promising candidates for next-generation battery systems. However, many organic battery materials suffer from high solubility in common battery electrolytes. Such solubility can be overcome by introducing tailored high-molecular-weight polymer structures, for example, by cross-linking, requiring enhanced synthetic efforts. We herein propose a different strategy by optimizing the battery electrolyte to obtain insolubility of non-cross-linked poly(3-vinyl-N-methylphenothiazine) (PVMPT). Successive investigation and theoretical insights into carbonate-based electrolytes and their interplay with PVMPT led to a strong decrease in the solubility of the redox polymer in ethylene carbonate/ethyl methyl carbonate (3:7) with 1 M LiPF6. This allowed accessing its full theoretical specific capacity by changing the charge/discharge mechanism compared to previous reports. Through electrochemical, spectroscopic, and theoretical investigations, we show that changing the constituents of the electrolyte significantly influences the interactions between the electrolyte molecules and the redox polymer PVMPT. Our study demonstrates that choosing the ideal electrolyte composition without chemical modification of the active material is a successful strategy to enhance the performance of organic polymer-based batteries.


We discuss the possibility that inflation is driven by the sgoldstino, the superpartner of the goldstino. Unlike in generic supergravity scenarios, the sgoldstino decouples from all other fields in the theory, which allows for a simple and robust inflationary model. We argue that the two-field model given by this single complex scalar correctly captures the full multifield inflationary phenomenology. On the other hand, the assumption of stability, along the entire inflationary trajectory, of the supersymmetry–preserving sector that is integrated out leads to supplementary constraints on the parent supergravity. We investigate small field, large field and hybrid sgoldstino inflation scenarios and provide some working examples. They are subject to the usual fine-tuning issues that are common to all supergravity models of inflation. We comment on some other recently proposed sgoldstino inflation models. ar X iv :1 20 3. 19 07 v2 [ he pth ] 2 D ec 2 01 3


Abstract Objective: Cancer quality registers are attracting increasing attention as important, but still underutilized sources of clinical data. To optimize the use of registers in quality assurance and improvement, data have to be rapidly collected, collated and presented as actionable, at-a-glance information to the reporting departments. This article presents a dashboard performance report on select quality indicators to cancer care providers. Materials and methods: Ten quality indicators registered on an individual patient level in the National Prostate Cancer Register of Sweden and recommended by the National Prostate Cancer Guidelines were selected. Data reported to the National Prostate Cancer Register are uploaded within 24 h to the Information Network for Cancer Care platform. Launched in 2014, "What''s Going On, Prostate Cancer" provides rapid, at-a-glance performance feedback to care providers. Results: The indicators include time to report to the National Prostate Cancer Register, waiting times, designated clinical nurse specialist, multidisciplinary conference, adherence to guidelines for diagnostic work-up and treatment, and documentation and outcome of treatment. For each indicator, three performance levels were defined. Conclusion: What's Going On, a dashboard performance report on 10 selected quality indicators to cancer care providers, provides an example of how data in cancer quality registers can be transformed into condensed, at-a-glance information to be used as actionable metrics for quality assurance and improvement.


Among social infrastructure technologies, Robot technology (R") is expected to play an important role in solving the problems of both decrease of birth rate and increase of elderly people io the 21st century, specially but not only in Japan. la order to achieve this objective, the new generation of personal robots should be capable of a natural communication with homans by expressing human-like emotion. In this sense, human hands play a fundamental role in communicstion, because they have grasping, sensing and emotional expression ability. This paper presents the recent results of the collaboration between the Takanishi Lab of Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan, and the Arts Lab of Scuola Superiore Sant'AMa, Pisa, Italy, and ROBOCASA. In this paper, the development of a novel anthropomorphic hand for homanoid robotics RCH-1 (ROBOCASA Hand No.1) and its integration into a humanoid robotic platform, named WE4RII Waseda Eye No.4 Refined I9 b presented.


In the 21st century globalisation has contributed to the creation of the entrepreneurial society and city. The location of entrepreneurship has become an important factor in entrepreneurial studies and, moreover, for entrepreneurial success. Research has shown that the entrepreneurial ecosystem of Rotterdam needs to be strengthened for businesses to grow, but solutions have not been found yet. In the region of Rotterdam immigrants make up a large part of the population and are very entrepreneurial. Immigrant entrepreneurs are considered as important agents for urban economic growth and competitiveness. Although studying immigrant entrepreneurs could be very informative to strengthen the entrepreneurial ecosystem of Rotterdam, this is not done before. Therefore, in the present study, we analyse the entrepreneurial habits and experiences, and challenges regarding infrastructure, culture, and media, of immigrant entrepreneurs to find out to what extent immigrant entrepreneurs could contribute to the development of the entrepreneurial ecosystem of Rotterdam. Hence, the following research question is posed: To what extent could immigrant entrepreneurship contribute to the development of the entrepreneurial ecosystem of Rotterdam? In order to answer this question, a strategy of Grounded Theory orientated qualitative research is undertaken and ten in-depth interviews are conducted with immigrant entrepreneurs located in Rotterdam-Zuid. Furthermore, the entrepreneurial ecosystem is applied to Rotterdam-Zuid. By understanding the environment of the city, we build a list of unique behaviours or attributes that define the entrepreneurial habits and experience of immigrant entrepreneurs in Rotterdam-Zuid. A thematic analysis on the outcome of the interviews revealed that cross-cultural entrepreneurship is an important characteristic of immigrant-entrepreneurship in Rotterdam-Zuid. It can be considered as a hidden economic potential, as it can strengthen: 1. The immigrant businesses regarding business development and growth; 2. The communities and networks of businesses and entrepreneurs; and, 3. The entrepreneurial ecosystem of Rotterdam-Zuid. Nonetheless, the entrepreneurial habits of the immigrant entrepreneurs also caused some limitations for business development and collaborations, such as the lack of creativity within ethnic communities and the importance of self-representation. Furthermore, the immigrant entrepreneurs face challenges regarding infrastructure and communication with third parties, resulting in a more negative entrepreneurial experience.


The one-dimensional kinematical sedimentation theory for suspensions of small spheres of equal size and density is generalized to polydisperse suspensions and several space dimensions. The resulting mathematical model, obtained by introducing constitutive assumptions and performing a dimensional analysis, is a system of first-order conservation laws for the concentrations of the solids species coupled to a variant of the Stokes system for incompressible flow describing the mixture. Various flux density vectors for the first-order system have been proposed in the literature. Some of them cause the first-order system of conservation laws to be non-hyperbolic, or to be of mixed hyperbolic-elliptic type in the bidisperse case. The criterion for ellipticity is equivalent to a well-known instability criterion predicting phenomena like blobs and viscous fingering in bidisperse sedimentation. We show that loss of hyperbolicity, that is the occurrence of complex eigenvalues of the Jacobian of the first-order system, can be viewed as an instability criterion for arbitrary polydisperse suspensions, and that for tridisperse mixtures this criterion can be evaluated by a convenient calculation of a discriminant. We determine instability regions (or alternatively prove stability) for three different choices of the flux vector of the first-order system of conservation laws. Consequently, mixed or non-hyperbolic, rather than hyperbolic, systems of conservation laws are the appropriate general mathematical framework for polydisperse sedimentation. The stability analysis examines a first-order system of conservation laws, but its predictions are applicable to the full multidimensional system of model equations. The findings are consistent with experimental evidence and are appropriately embedded into the current state of knowledge of non-hyperbolic systems of conservation laws.


Japan and the European Union are two « civilian powers that have dramatically extended and diversified their role on the world stage and that have launched together an Action Plan dealing with peace and stability, economic, environmental, commercial and financial governance, and cultural exchanges and cooperation. Their bilateral cooperation has been intensified as well as their cross contribution to the G8 and multilateral organisations like the United Nations and the World Trade Organisation. In parallel, their respective domestic and international positions have changed. The EU has integrated ten new members, adopted a Constitution and developed a security and defence policy. Japan has widened its international and security role and reorganised most of its economic policies. Therefore, Japan and the enlarged European Union are actors and partners in the process of global governance. This book addresses the cooperation between Japan and the enlarged European Union for a more secure world, sustainable development and global governance. It gathers contributions from European and Japanese experts who have established a permanent network on this topic and meet every year for seminars in Brussels under the aegis of the Trans European Policy Studies Association (TEPSA) and its Belgian member organisation Study Group on European Policies (SEP-GEPE), with the support of the Japan Foundation. The book is a joint Japanese-European contribution to the Year of Japan-European Union People-to-People Exchanges declared in 2005.


Real house prices rise in Australia amid growing concern of an impending correction. This article explains why the household formation rate has risen with strong population growth due to higher net immigration and average household size levelling off due to population ageing. An intertemporal model is developed to analyse the effect of an increase in the household formation rate on the housing market. I find that real house prices rise over time if the rate of household formation outstrips the rate of housing supply. Under forward looking expectations, a rising household formation rate could explain rising real house prices relative to the present discounted value of future wages. The results explain why real house prices may exhibit an upward trend despite population ageing and how government planning could have an impact.


Recent studies suggest that motivations for certain forms of masculine behavior including social aggression are mediated by central estrogen receptors. Two studies using antiestrogens in rodent species were performed. Intact male LH rats were given Tamoxifen or vehicle for 4 or 8 days. The three possible pairings were videotaped for 60 min. Intact male OF1 mice were given CI-680 or vehicle over 25 days. Similar pairings were carried out but some CI-680 or vehicle animals were paired with anosmic opponents. Encounters were videotaped for 10 min. In both experiments evidence was obtained that the antiestrogen markedly reduced time allocated to offense. Any variations in defense were a consequence of the level of attack to which animals were subjected. Neither compound greatly influenced the androgen-dependent sex accessory glands. Antiestrogens consequently have potential as antihostility agents in some forms of attack.


Concise and protecting-group free synthesis of ent-palmyrolide A and (-)-cis-palmyrolide A were achieved starting from commercially available (S)-citronellal. The key fragment of palmyrolide A, "(5S,7S)-7-hydroxy-5,8,8-trimethylnonanamide", which makes up the most challenging part of the target molecule, was prepared in just three steps. A plausible mechanism for the trans-cis isomerization of the double bond in the macrocycle has been investigated.


To investigate the problem of how and why most members in a primeval society become using vocal signals to represent non-substantial matters such as actions, we present a simple model of communication in which speakers use vocal signals and gestures. Each desire of the speaker is represented by an expression network. Every speaker expresses his or her desire by vocal signals and gestures. Then, any speaker's desire is expressed in a three step signal. When every hearer communicates with a speaker, the hearer receives the speaker's signal by his and her own hearing neural network. At the beginning of the evolutional process, the correspondence relation between desire and signal is different for different speakers. Whether the common relations are evolved in the society or not depend mainly on the number of temporally preserving neurons in the network and reward of communication.


Like the competition-related laws of most other nations, Section 36 of New Zealand's Commerce Act 1986 includes a prohibition of some unilateral acts by firms with substantial market power. Such prohibitions reflect the consensus view of many jurisdictions, courts and commentators that the anticompetitive potential of unilateral conduct largely depends on the market power of the firm undertaking it. In lieu of an inquiry into the actual or probable effects of challenged conduct, however, Section 36 has been interpreted to rely on a "counterfactual" test, seemingly unique in the world. Under that approach, courts have been directed to ask whether a firm lacking substantial market power would have engaged in the same conduct, and from the answer to that question to infer the likely effects of the conduct by the firm with market power. This article argues that the counterfactual test will frequently be an unreliable method for implementing the language and underlying purposes of s 36. In many common circumstances it will likely fail to proscribe conduct that may well be harmful to competition and consumers, and result in systematic under-deterrence. In other cases, it may fail to recognize and credit efficiencies that might be unique to the firm with market power, and hence over-deter procompetitive conduct. The article concludes by considering several options for reform.


This article introduces the concept of ecological citizenship to management theory and in particular to ways of understanding the roles and responsibilities of the corporation. It begins by establishing the case for incorporating citizenship thinking into the literature on organizations and the environment and specifically for developing a greater political orientation to new corporate environmentalism. It goes on to identify the nature of the ecological citizenship concept and the three different understandings that are prevalent in the literature. Applying these perspectives to corporations, it then establishes how ecological citizenship can help us to examine corporate responsibilities for exporting liberal citizenship, rethink the stakeholder set, and reconfigure the community of the corporation.


Positivism is the view that the only way to obtain knowledge of the world is by means of sense perception and introspection and the methods of the empirical sciences. Positivists believe that it is futile to attempt to deduce or demonstrate truths about the world from alleged self-evident premisses that are not based primarily on sense perception. They consider, on the contrary, that knowledge of things can only be advanced by framing hypotheses, testing them by observation and experiment, and reshaping them in the light of what these reveal. Thus they regard metaphysics, in so far as it is the effort to find out about the world by methods other than those employed in the empirical sciences, as a hopelessly misdirected activity. The method of hypothesis, they hold, is applicable to any field of factual enquiry, although they admit that differences of subject-matter may call for very considerable variations of emphasis. Such variations, however, important though they be, are, on their view, matters of detail, and do not detract from the essential sameness of the effective method. This method was first consciously analysed by reference to the sciences of nature, where its use has led to impressive results both in the theoretical and practical sphere.


acids determined by spraying with 0-1 % ninhydrin in chloroform and heating to 80-100° for 5 min. The fatty excretions of the skin of some animals contain not only volatile fatty acids (free and combined) with an even number of carbon atoms, but also volatile fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms, in particular valeric acid (Brouwer & Nijkamp, 1952). This acid was found in the 'hair grease' ofgoats, ofsheep, and particularly in that of dogs, where the volatile acid is almost exclusively valeric acid and amounts on an average to 5 % of the lipid fraction. The question as to which of the iso- meric valeric acids occurred was left unanswered, although it was pointed out that i8ovaleric acid (P-methylbutyric acid) was not unknown in the animal kingdom. of it A closer investigation been made into the nature of the valeric acid in the hair grease of the dog.


Cou tu ra t correctly poin ts ou t t h a t the intensional in te rpre ta t ion , as s t a ted b y Leibniz, does no t function as he in tended, though Cou tu ra t does no t appear t o be absolutely clear why this is so. This is a passage which Rescher repea tedly a t t acks , b u t of which he does not seem to have seen the point . Leibniz and Rescher correct ly s t a t e t h a t the con t en t of "S conta ins P," where S a n d P a re t h e classes of th ings hav ing the p rope r ty s, a n d of th ings having t h e p roper ty p, respectively, coincides wi th t h e con ten t of "P con ta ins S," where now S is t he class of proper t ies in common to all th ings t h a t h a v e t h e p rope r ty s, and P likewise. B u t t h e y b o t h wrongly t h i n k t h a t unde r these two in te rpre ta t ions of "S" a n d "P", toge ther wi th t h e corresponding in te rpre ta t ions of " 0 " , t h e con ten t of "SP — 0 " remains t he same. I n fact, we canno t express t he s t a t e m e n t t h a t no men are monkeys b y ta lk ing ab o u t t he class of proper t ies t h a t all m e n have a n d the class of propert ies t h a t all monkeys have , in par t icu la r n o t b y saying t h a t t h e intersection of these two classes is t he class of proper t ies t h a t every th ing has . W e get the required result only if in both cases we t a k e " e s t " as meaning 'is conta ined in , ' and t ake S on the intensional in te rpre ta t ion as t he class of proper t ies in common to everyth ing t h a t does not have the p roper ty s, a n d so on. Thus Cou tu ra t is perfectly correct in saying tha t , as Leibniz explains t he intensional in te rpre ta t ion , i t is incapable of rendering the syllogism Celarent. (Rescher 's reference in footnote 40 t o pages 30-32 of Coutura t ' s Logique m u s t be a sl ip: the passage contains nothing abou t either the symbol " e s t " or juxtaposi t ion.) The sentence in footnote 8 s ta r t ing " S t a t e m e n t s p l a y " is somewhat misleadingly expressed: a has ty reader might fail t o grasp t h a t Leibniz 's systems, like Boole's, were ones in which we carry ou t deduct ions from hypotheses , and unlike Frege 's , in which we write down only valid formulas. There are a few uncorrected mispr in t s : in par t icular , read " cha rac t e r i bus" for "cha rac te r i s t ibus" in footnote 22; insert " e s t " after " i d q u e " and read " n u l l a s " for " n u l l a " in line 5 of footnote 3 3 ; read " B ' s " for "A's" and "A's" for " B ' s " in lines 3 and 4 of page 10; and reverse " n o n " and "A" in bo th occurrences in line 13 of page 11. M I C H A E L D U M M E T T


The thesis includes six self-contained papers that from various perspectives examine place attractiveness and migration in Sweden. Paper I provides an extensive overview of Swedish municipalities' place marketing engagement to attract in-migrants, based on survey responses from 220 municipalities. The results suggest that, although this kind of marketing has become more prominent during the last few years, there is little evidence of any significant effects on migration flows. Paper II addresses place marketing campaigns directed towards the Stockholm region carried out by rural municipalities. The results show no general evidence of success, but in a few cases a positive impact of these campaigns cannot be ruled out conclusively.Paper III explores the effect of tourism on interregional net-migration in Sweden. The results indicate that tourism exerts a positive influence on migration, and it is shown how its effects vary depending on age group. Paper IV scrutinizes recent survey research on migration motives in the Nordic countries. This paper employs a different questionnaire design and surveys a somewhat different migrant population. The findings do not support recent research and the importance of employment-related motives is emphasised. Paper V focuses on residential preferences and explores what place attributes people would consider important if they were to migrate. Special attention is given to demographic, socio-economic and geographical determinants. The results show how these aspects influence residential preferences, and make some contributions to methodological issues on researching preferences. Paper VI aims at a conceptual framework whereby place attractiveness can be better understood. It is suggested that needs, demands and preferences are central factors and the attractiveness of places increases with the successive fulfilment of these factors. But the more factors a migrant seeks to fulfil in his or her destination selection, the fewer the choice possibilities.


Aims We hypothesized that If there is a chronobiologic variation in the development of acute ischaemic events which is mainly attributed to the tendency for thrombus formation in the morning hours, same time dependent variations must also be seen in the development of ischaemic events after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and PTCA with stent implantation. Methods Enrolled in this study were 349 consecutive patients with single vessel disease and undergoing elective single vessel angioplasty. Patients had been observed for the development of immediate postprocedural ischaemic events. Working hours of our laboratory were divided into 2-hourly intervals in order to define the ending time of procedure. Analysis of acute complications was carried out according to the ending time of procedure. Results There was no difference with regard to clinical presentation, but patients who had complications had higher blood cholesterol level (P < 0.05). Patients with stent implantation had more adverse events than the PTCA group, but this difference did not reach the statistical significance (P = 0.07). The time interval between 10:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m. was found to be an independent risk factor for the negative outcomes (P = 0.043, Relative Risk 4838). Conclusion The results of our study have demonstrated that postprocedural complications after angioplasty is related to the procedure time These patients may be observed more closely for the development of immediate postprocedural ischaemic events.


The purpose of the research – determining the role of export-oriented production in the development of the non-oil economy.

The methodology of the research – scientific summarization, analysis, synthesis, comparison, etc. research methods were used during the performance of research work.

The practical importance of the research – the development of export potential through the international integration process, including the determination of parameters, factors and resources for the production of export-oriented goods, is considered one of the priorities of non-oil sectors. In this regard, the main goal of structural changes in the non-oil sector in accordance with modern demands is to ensure the country`s organic entry into the international distribution system and maximum useage the of export potential.

The results of the research – research was conducted to determine the role of export-oriented production in the non-oil economy and directions for stimulating growth in the non-oil economy were proposed.

The originality and scientific novelty of the research – determining the development trends of the non-oil sector and the role of export-oriented production areas in the development of the non-oil economy.


Alternating current (ac) loss and quench behavior measurements were performed on a YBa2Cu3Ox coated conductor at 45 K. The minimum quench energies (MQEs) and the quench propagation velocities were measured as a function of transport current and frequency. AC losses were measured at the corresponding temperature and frequencies to quantify the internal thermal load during ac quench measurements. It was found that the direct current (dc) and ac quench behavior are similar, but that the MQE for dc experiments is higher than the corresponding ac cases. This difference is not seen in the normal zone propagation velocity data, indicating that the difference in MQE is minimal if the ac losses are included in the energy calculation. The ac experiments show that the MQE and propagation velocity varies weakly with frequency.


The basis of this deliberation is a critical discussion of common perspectives and research methodology concerning the notion of adaptation. The author searches for universal adaptation models, describes creating new techniques of translation and examines relations among arts. The aim of reminding and critical discussion of the state of research of adaptation is to find the threats referring to common acceptance of one research paradigm, i.e. the perspective of literary studies and semiotics. One of the effects of such a way of thinking may be ungrounded equating a book with a literary work as such, as well as perceiving a film as something second-rate, which often functions only in reference to a book. The author, who refers to Werner Faulstich's concept of the media, sees the paradigm which is currently binding in the research of adaptation as incomplete and inconsistent. Thus, she is inclined to accept the point of view of media experts. According to that viewpoint, both the book and the film seem to be the media that process and transfer literature (a particular story, e.g. War of the Worlds) in accordance with the principles of its own aesthetics. The concept encourages to change the scientific paradigm and liberates the notion of adaptation from all kinds of the consequences assumed by literary studies. It also allows to concentrate on the aesthetics of a particular medium.


This study followed an observational and descriptive data collected in a Private Clinic of Dialysis, Porto Alegre, where 74 ill renal patients underwent hemodialysis. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was applied individually identifying and assessing the intensity of depressive symptoms in 30 kidneys diseased. Symptoms of depression are often diagnosed in these patients, symptoms that affect their adherence and quality of life, negatively affecting the course of the disease. No difference was found for BDI scores between men and women. Mild symptoms were observed (23.3%) and moderate (10%) of depression, 66.7% of participants had a minimum level of depression. The presence of depressive symptoms among chronic kidney disease is important 1 Academica, Curso de Psicologia, Ulbra, Canoas. 2 Professor orientador, Ulbra, Canoas.


Most drowning occurs after an involuntary fall into open deep water. Thus, the victim is usually wearing outer clothing. The added burden of clothing may reduce the chance of survival.

 Grade Four children (n = 490) swam a 200 m combined test, twice, half with outer clothing first, half without. The test included jump or dive into deep water, swim 100 m on the front, stop and rest 3 min front and back, swim 100 m on the back and climb out over edge of pool. Each skill was scored from 0 to 2.0, a perfect score being 12.0. The Wilcoxen Signed Rank test was used to test the significance of the difference between treatments. Total scores with and without outer clothing were correlated using the Spearman rho.

 The average total scores were 10.65 without outer clothing and 8.55 with (of 12.0). The Wilcoxen Z score was 2.79, statistically significant at p = 0.005. The Spearman rho between the two scores was 0.41. Of those who were judged able to swim without outer clothing, a significant number were judged unable to swim with outer clothing. This was true at whatever level "can swim" was arbitrarily placed. Among those who scored best, the difference between without and with clothing was considerably less than among those who scored poorly.

 The added burden of clothing significantly affected skill performance. It cannot be assumed that one who can swim without outer clothing, can swim with. The moderate correlation between scores suggests that economical movement may be the quality which transfers from without to with clothing.


The UV-visible absorption of retinal in its protonated Schiff-base form is studied in the gas phase. In particular, transitions to highly-excited electronic states, Sn, in the all-trans and 11-cis forms are considered, and several new states are discovered. Their positions and strengths are compared to state of the art quantum calculations. The location of these states are particularly important when new fs pump-probe experiments are designed to investigate the fast excited-state dynamics of retinal chromophores.

publisher-specific, author manuscript: http://rsc.li/journals-terms-of-use


Tensegrities are structural mechanisms, with dedicated compression (struts/bars) and tension members (cables). The compression members float inside the network of tension members. Tensegrities are characterized by the presence of at least one infinitesimal mechanism, which is stabilized by the pre-stress present in the members, to ensure the equilibrium of the structure. Under external load, tensegrity may change its form by altering its member pre-stress, thereby affecting its global stiffness even in the absence of damage. Moreover, tensegrities can have different stiffness properties under the same structural configuration in the absence of any damage or external load, if the pre-stress levels of the members are different. However, the change in dynamic characteristics of tensegrities is not limited to the aforementioned causes only and is also affected by ambient uncertainties. A variation in temperature may alter the dynamic characteristics of a tensegrity by influencing its material (Young's modulus, etc.) and structural (boundary conditions, structural dimensions, etc.) properties. This can potentially lead to a false impression of tensegrity damage/health.
Meanwhile, the prolonged usage of tensegrity may lead to loss of pre-stress in the cables, buckling of the bars, corrosion, and damage of the members, etc. Thus affecting the structural stiffness which leads to change in the measured dynamic properties of the tensegrity. To account for this actual damage in the tensegrity, all the mentioned major challenges that could lead to a false alarm need to be dealt with. The present study develops a vibration-based time-domain approach for tensegrity health monitoring in the presence of uncertainties due to ambient force, measurement noise, and varying temperature. An interacting filtering technique has been used, where the state variables are estimated by the Ensemble Kalman filter that resides inside the Particle filter which computes the health parameters.


The paper reports numerical calculations appropriate for the design of an "efficiency-enhanced" Raman free electron laser (FEL) oscillator. A helical undulator is used which consists of a constant period section followed by a section where the period is decreased roughly 10 percent. Simulation of the FEL is done by following the radiation dynamics in both the small- and large-signal regimes, using the "generalized pendulum equation" with self-consistent radiation field. It is found that the efficiency of the oscillator may be enhanced from ¿ 8 (no taper) to ¿ 15 percent (with taper). The configuration of an experimental oscillator is described; this device should produce ¿ 25 MW at a wavelength ¿ 1.8 mm using an 800-kV electron beam.


The use of medical surveillance and predictive analysis is now more readily available through the intelligent use of modern technology with the use of software tools. Google Trends (GT) is an internet research tool initially utilised for the surveillance of the occurrence of influenza (Flu) internet search trends. Within the last 20 years the internet has become integral to health surveillance by reducing the time to the actual recognition of a disease outbreak, or the detection of a disease trend. GT primarily focused on detecting an outbreak of various strains of the Flu infecting different regions, sporadically or endemically, by monitoring the internet user seeking such medical information. It is currently utilised as an adjunct to the traditional surveillance tools used in traditional modern medicine. In this paper we have attempted to apply such search criteria using GT within a typical healthcare scenario or disease trend. We focused on the most common diseases found within the South African healthcare environment and presented the results accordingly. The results were found to be aligned to the results of traditional medical surveillance tools. The GT results presented in this paper may have similar applications in other areas of medicine and disease monitoring efforts in South Africa whereby the general population can derive meaningful insights of such disease trends. In addition there is a distinct awareness of this research tool, where many users are utilising the tool for healthcare searches which is becoming more evident in the medical literature.


Megakaryocytes generate platelets by remodeling their cytoplasm first into proplatelets and then into preplatelets, which undergo fission to generate platelets. Although the functions of microtubules and actin during platelet biogenesis have been defined, the role of the spectrin cytoskeleton is unknown. We investigated the function of the spectrin-based membrane skeleton in proplatelet and platelet production in murine megakaryocytes. Electron microscopy revealed that, like circulating platelets, proplatelets have a dense membrane skeleton, the main fibrous component of which is spectrin. Unlike other cells, megakaryocytes and their progeny express both erythroid and nonerythroid spectrins. Assembly of spectrin into tetramers is required for invaginated membrane system maturation and proplatelet extension, because expression of a spectrin tetramer-disrupting construct in megakaryocytes inhibits both processes. Incorporation of this spectrin-disrupting fragment into a novel permeabilized proplatelet system rapidly destabilizes proplatelets, causing blebbing and swelling. Spectrin tetramers also stabilize the "barbell shapes" of the penultimate stage in platelet production, because addition of the tetramer-disrupting construct converts these barbell shapes to spheres, demonstrating that membrane skeletal continuity maintains the elongated, pre-fission shape. The results of this study provide evidence for a role for spectrin in different steps of megakaryocyte development through its participation in the formation of invaginated membranes and in the maintenance of proplatelet structure.


The continuous rising demands and fluctuations in the prices of fossil fuels warrant the search for an alternative renewable energy source to manage the present energy crisis. Thereby, ongoing research activities are actively engaged in developing an environmentally clean synthesis of biodiesel from agro-waste via an oleaginous bacterium process. A potent oleaginous bacterial strain has been isolated from poultry industry wastewater. On the basis of morphology, biochemical and 16S rRNA sequencing analysis, the strain has been identified as Bacillus cereus (MF 908505), which enables 3.1 g L−1 lipid productivity, and the satisfactory production of 5.1 g L−1 cell dry weight with 36% (w/w) lipid content using pomegranate waste-peel as a substrate. 37 °C temperature, 7% carbon source and 140 rpm agitation speed with a 72 h incubation period are found to be the optimum lipid production conditions. Lipids are then extracted and transesterified under the optimized reaction conditions using 0.2% Ca(OH)2 as a base catalyst and a 1 : 6 bacterial oil to methanol ratio, at 70 °C for 90 min reaction time, which, under these conditions, enables an 85% fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield. The esterified FAMEs were subjected to gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) measurements, revealing the presence of benzenesulphonic acid methyl esters and methyl esters, thus, doubtlessly, supporting the formation of biodiesel. The resulting FAMEs were characterized further by means of various tools and the properties of the obtained biodiesel were found to match those of standard biodiesel, i.e. ASTM D6751. These results suggest the potential suitability of Bacillus cereus (MF 908505) lipids for use as an agro-waste substrate in the biodiesel conversion process.


CuO-doped and undoped 0.99[(Na0.52K0.48)0.955Li0.045](Nb0.955Sb0.045)O3–0.01CaTiO3 (KNNLSCT) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics have been synthesized by the conventional ceramic processing, where the effects of CuO on the phase structure and electrical properties were studied. All ceramics possess a perovskite structure with tetragonal symmetry. Because of the dipolar complex migration, the P–E loops of undoped ceramics become slanted and constricted at a high temperature, while this phenomenon disappears after the addition of CuO. The d33 value decreases with the increasing poling temperature for the undoped ceramics, while the d33 value increases with the increasing poling temperature after the addition of CuO. These phenomena have been explained by a model based on the formation of the defect polarization induced by spontaneous polarization, indicating that the spontaneous defect polarization has an important influence on the ferroelectric behavior of the KNNLSCT ceramics.


In most studies in the literature only the participation in a single programme versus non-participation is evaluated. This approach, however, does not address the needs of a comprehensive evaluation of an active public intervention in the labour market. Active labour market programmes, like the Portuguese, are not restricted to a particular measure. Rather, in most cases, the public employment service offers a wide variety of programmes to the universe of potential participants. In this context, the issue is participation in one programme versus participation in an alternative programme. In particular, it is appropriate to investigate which programme presents a higher causal effect. Imbens (2000) and Lechner (2001) extended the traditional matching methodology to a context of multiple programme participation. The approach followed in this paper intends to go even further. Indeed, since the traditional matching methodology, which considers the conditional independence assumption, is not appropriate in the context of the Portuguese labour market analysis, we will adopt the assumption of the bias stability. Taking into consideration the selection on unobservables, the matching methodology, combined with the difference-in-differences methodology, will be then our selected evaluation approach. The paper presents the estimation of the average treatment effects on the treated in six distinct states (the non-participation state, plus five "active" programmes). The results, in terms of employability, are not identical across the different states in the short-run (i.e. in the first six to twelve months after participation), but they do seem to converge in the long-run (i.e. after two and a half years).


CdSe nanocrystals chemically linked to nanocrystalline titanium dioxide substrates form a promising material for nanostructured photovoltaic devices. The usual method for attaching the nanocrystals to the titanium dioxide substrate is by means of a linking molecule (such as mercaptopropionic acid) or in-situ growth. In this paper, we report the use of an alternative technique, electrophoretic deposition (EPD), to directly deposit already formed CdSe nanocrystals onto the substrate. In EPD, a voltage is established between two electrodes that are immersed in a solution of nanocrystals. At room temperature, a fraction of the nanocrystals are thermally charged, and these charged nanocrystals migrate to the electrodes and adhere to the surface. A significant advantage of EPD over the use of linking molecules is the speed with which the nanocrystals are deposited: EPD takes only a few minutes, compared to the several hours required for the alternative techniques. Additionally, we have fabricated initial photovoltaic devices based on electrophoretically deposited CdSe nanocrystals on a planar TiO2 thin film.


Abstract In response to rising anti-tourism movements, the role of residents in destination governance has experienced a revival in tourism research. Participatory destination governance approaches have been advocated as problem-solvers for increasing conflicts, yet their implementation is still lacking. Besides a considerable amount of positivist research drafting the best participatory governance model, the socially constructed perspective of those who are supposed to participate has been widely neglected until now. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to reveal residents' views on participating in tourism activities and destination governance processes. In pursuit of this, a mixed qualitative research method of focus groups and photo elicitation has been deployed in Copenhagen and Munich in 2020 following a social constructionist epistemology. The findings confirm that residents are not willing to participate in destination governance per se due to a lack of time, access, awareness, prioritization, knowledge, qualification, and opportunities. At the same time, residents were interested in a socio-cultural exchange with like-minded tourists and are generally proud to share their city. Ultimately, the perspectives of residents on tourism should be considered for the implementation of an inclusive urban destination governance. Via psychological, political, and social empowerment, destination governance should foster residents' (1) motivation to connect with other city users (including tourists); (2) opportunity to influence local tourism development if they are affected by it; and (3) ability to benefit from local tourism (at least indirectly). Ultimately, by understanding how and to what extent residents' are actually willing to participate in tourism and its governance enables tourism professionals to proactively realize a more resilient destination development while mitigating potential social conflicts caused by the renaissance of (over)tourism.


In order to improve the stall characteristics of the Wells turbine blade, experimental investigations have been made in the performance of the Wells turbine with grooved blade surface to reduce fraction drag against the steady and the sinusoidal flow condition. As the conclusion, the two methods are valid to improve the stall characteristics of the Wells turbine.


Respite care is not a discrete intervention, but encompasses a range of services. This research was conducted to clarify the phenomenon of respite care for family caregivers of elders with dementia from a nursing perspective. Method: The Hybrid Model of concept development was applied to clarify the concept of respite care for family caregivers of elders with dementia. The study was conducted in the following three steps, theoretical phase, fieldwork phase, and final analytic phase. Results: The definition of respite care for family caregivers of elders with dementia was delineated through integration of data analyses in theoretical and fieldwork phase, and has three dimensions; tailored supports for caregivers, tailored supports based on physical and cognitive function of elders with dementia and community interventions related to family care function. Conclusion: Through this study, the concept of respite care for family caregivers of elders with dementia is clarified and reformulated as nursing practice phenomena in the Korean context, which indicates ways to develop caring practice forms for a family living with an elder with dementia in a community setting.


In vehicular networks, vehicles carry various types of data that need to be offloaded to the RoadSide Units (RSUs) through Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications when vehicles come into their coverage. Since, RSUs are not widely deployed, vehicles have intermittent connectivity with RSUs. The data that vehicles carry to offload could be urgent data (such as accident data of nearby incident or emergency health data) that needs to be offloaded to the RSUs as soon as possible. Therefore, the consideration of Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning is imperative for data offloading in vehicular networks. In this paper, we propose V2I-Q, a V2I data offloading scheme with QoS provisioning by using three QoS functions: traffic classification, overload control and admission control. Traffic classification organizes the data into three priorities: high, medium and low. Overload control avoids overloading the RSUs to enable it to receive high priority data as soon as possible. Admission control allows RSU s to stop servicing existing vehicles offloading low priority data in order to receive high priority data from other vehicles. The performance evaluation shows that V2I-Q is able to offload more high priority data by incurring lower maximum offloading delay as compared to the traditional V2I data offloading schemes.


This paper presents several design patterns for the hypermedia domain: Navigational Context, Active Reference, Landmark, News and Shopping Basket. They are part of a pattern language for hypermedia applications and address the design of healthy navigational structures. They can be applied in stand-alone applications or in dynamic Web sites or Information Systems.


Modern abstractive summarization models often generate summaries that contain hallucinated or contradictory information. In this paper, we propose a simple but effective contrastive learning framework that incorporates recent developments in reward learning and factuality metrics. Empirical studies demonstrate that the proposed framework enables summarization models to learn from feedback of factuality metrics using contrastive reward learning, leading to more factual summaries by human evaluations. This suggests that further advances in learning and evaluation algorithms can feed directly into providing more factual summaries. Code and human evaluation results will be publicly available at \url{https://github.com/EthanC111/factuality_summarization}.


Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) is a multi-purpose economic plant whose commercial demand is on the increase in Africa. To meet this demand, it is significant to step up collections and diversity studies adaptable to higher productivity and utilization. The present study focuses on recently collected landraces/accessions of six populations of M. oleifera from different eco-geographical locations within Nigeria. A total of 70 accessions were evaluated for genetic intraspecific diversity using 20 SSR markers. Among the 20 SSR markers screened, 10 primer pairs (forward and reverse) were selected based on clear amplification products and reproducible scorable bands. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA), Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used to evaluate the genetic intraspecific diversity. A total number of 74 alleles with a range of 4 to 15 were detected among the 70 accessions. On the average, 7.4 alleles per locus were amplified in each accession. Allele frequency varied from 0.214 to 0.671 with a mean of 0.477; gene diversity from 0.487 to 0.885 with a mean of 0.669 while the average PIC value was 0.633. The observed and expected heterozygosity varied from 0.00 to 0.50 with a mean of 0.972 and from 0.00 to 0.250 with a mean of 0.567, respectively. AMOVA shows that 8 % of the genetic diversity was attributed to differences among the populations while 92 % of the variation (significant at p = 0.001) was due to differences within populations. Allelic patterns across the six populations aligned with the AMOVA result. The results of PCoA and CA identified high intraspecific similarities with few exceptions. Similarity coefficients (SC) of CA ranged from 0.53 to 1.00 and delineated the 70 accessions into seven groups. All accessions are distinguishable from each other at SC 1.00 except (soN066 and taN085) and (anN045 and anN047). The genetic relationships highlighted are significant for conservation, cultivation and genetic improvement of M. oleifera in view of the species socio-economic relevance to the people of Nigeria and Africa in general. Key word: Moringa oleifera; SSR; genetic intraspecific diversity; similarity coefficient (SC); Nigeria. INTRODUCTION Moringa oleifera Lam. is one of the most economic and cultivated species in the single genus Moringa of the (Moringaceae) family [1, 2]. It is a tree crop with enormous potential capable of contributing to improved food security and nutrition, medicine and health care, incomes and environment in Africa [3]. In recent time, various products including health care products such as Moringa organic powder, capsules, leaf tea, oil extracts among others have been prepared from the leaves, pods and seeds of M. oleifera. These confirms the significance of its medicinal, nutritional, food, phytochemicals and various economic values to the socio-economic lives of the people particularly in the SubSahara Africa (SSA). Several authors have also reported the nutritional, food, medicinal, commercial and agricultural uses of the crop [3, 4, 5, 6]. Anwar et al. [7] reviewed detailed phytochemical composition, medicinal uses as well as pharmacological properties to include antitumor, antipyretic, antiepileptic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antihypertensive, cholesterol lowering, antioxidant, antibacterial among others. In Nigeria, the increasing awareness on the economic values and usefulness of M. oleifera has led to the distribution or spread of landraces/ecotypes to different locations [3] even though there are little or no conservation management strategies for the present and future use. Recent database search by Leone et al. [5] also specified that there are no records of active germplasm banks worldwide on M. oleifera to represent 'core collections' of the taxa. The concept of 'core collections' represents the genetic diversity with a minimum duplication of accessions was introduced to effect a good and robust management of genetic resources for conservation and breeding purposes [8, 9]. In view of this, it is pertinent to step up genetic studies via germplasm collections and characterizations to possibly create core collections of M. oleifera in the near future. Also, to meet a stable and commercial demand for Moringa products and other economic values derivable from the crop, it is significant to intensify diversity studies to create variants adaptable to local needs. This is justifiable since genetic diversity is the key determinant of germplasm utilization in crop improvement [10]. Presently, the existing germplasms in Nigeria can be regarded as landraces/accessions with no elite varieties adapted to local conditions. M. oleifera is a geitonogamous and xenogamous diploid species (2n = 28; n = 14 chromosomes) whose gene pool and genetic base are expected to be wide with higher productivity [11, 12, 13, 14]. Reports, however, are contrary to the above as gene pool/ genetic base is narrow/weak with unknown gene pool among cultivated and wild species [13, 15]. The genetic bases and relationships among the different ecotypes/landraces in Nigeria are still limited and very unclear though few genetic characterizations have been investigated based on phenotypic and molecular markers [15, 16, 17]. Hence, it is significant to further evaluate the genetic 646 ISSN 1013-5316;CODEN: SINTE 8 Sci.Int.(Lahore),29(3),645-657,2017 May-June relationships and provide useful information for the management and conservation of the genetic resources of the taxa towards breeding and improvement. DNA based characterizations could provide additional information on the degree of diversity, genetic / ecogeographical relatedness of the collected landraces/accessions, avoid duplication of germplasms and maximize diversities. Globally, different DNA techniques including random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), simple sequence repeats (SSR), chloroplast gene rcbL among others have been used to assess the genetic diversities among the populations / some accessions of M. oleifera. Muluvi et al. [18] and Ulloa [19] used AFLPs to evaluate diversity among and within populations of M. oleifera from Kenya. High degree of genetic variations between cultivated and noncultivated populations of M. oleifera from Tanzania was reported by Mgendi et al. [20] using RAPD. Da Silva et al. [21] also used RAPD markers to assess the genetic diversity of 16 Moringa accessions from Brazil. So far, very few studies are available where SSR markers have been used to assess genetic diversity of M. oleifera [22, 23, 24]. However, such studies did not cover West Africa nor include accessions from Nigeria. The studies of Shahzad et al. [22] combined SSR with a partial sequence of the chloroplast gene atpB to investigate genetic diversity and population structure of M. oleifera which covered a wide range of collections from Asia, Africa, North and South America and the Caribbean. Such studies have not been carried out on populations of M. oleifera in Nigeria. In the studies of Ganesan et al. [23] and Natarajan and Aslin-Joshi [24] both morphological and molecular markers were combined to assess genetic diversity among M. oleifera accessions restricted to Indian populations. SSR markers specific to M. oleifera were first developed by Wu et al. [25] which have been recommended as useful markers for detail genetic population studies and pollen-mediated gene flow within populations. SSR is used as a primer to amplify regions between microsatellites. The analyses of SSRs are highly polymorphic and reproducible with small quantities of template DNA, inherited co-dominantly, and particularly for the abundance distribution of repeat sequences throughout genomes [26, 27, 28]. SSRs over the years have found practical applications for evaluation of molecular diversity and germplasm classification of underutilized crops [28]. Assessment of genetic diversity is crucial for efficient in situ and ex situ conservation of the taxa to which SSRs have been proven to be most suitable because of ability to detect hyper variable allelic variations [29, 30, 25]. Therefore, the study was aimed at using SSR to analyze levels of genetic diversity within and among six populations of 70 accessions of M. oleifera collected from different locations in Nigeria. The study was also undertaken to provide information on genetic relationships based on differentiation of populations and clusters; and come up with strategies to adopt for conservation, management, breeding and genetic improvement of the species. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant samples and Areas of Collection A total of 70 accessions of Moringa oleifera were pooled from the survey and geographical distribution [3] and phenotypic intraspecific variability studies of M. oleifera in Nigeria [6]. Information about study sites, acquisition and passport data of plant materials/accessions are as described by Popoola and Obembe [3] and Popoola et al. [6]. The detail of accessions, codes and geographic source of the Moringa oleifera accessions used for this study are as listed in Table 1. Figure 1 shows the map of collection areas of the M. oleifera samples used for this study. Figure 1. Map of Nigeria showing the areas of collection of M. oleifera samples used for this study. Scale in miles reflect


Hybrid Electric Vehicle(HEV) is driven by an internal-combustion engine and an electric motor. It is a combination of an internal-combustion engine and several electrical equipments which use a high voltage battery, an electric motors, an inverter and others. But there is not any separate detailed enforcement regulations for high voltage electric appliances in the existing vehicle-related safety standards. So, test standards suggestion as well as test technique development need to be done for ensuring electrical safety, for an electric motor, a high voltage battery, a(n) inverter/converter and an electric power transmission units and other equipments to ensure the safety of high voltage electric appliances which is the HEV key electrical component. In this paper, We are to provide helpful data to support test technique development and test standard establishment for HEV design and electrical safety security by the following methods; by measuring the voltage, the electric current, and the frequency of HEV, by analyzing electrical characteristics of high voltage electric appliances, and by analyzing temperature characteristics of the electrical current among the analyzed electrical characteristics by thermal imagining cameras.


During their studies, musicians transition to work-readiness, develop a professional persona and graduate from skills acquisition in a traditional master-mentor relationship towards heterarchical collaboration in ensembles. Over the final year of an undergraduate program in performance, students, faculty/industry mentors and course coordinators worked collaboratively to implement a music work integrated learning (WIL) project, culminating in public performance as a capstone experience. This phenomenological case report outlines how a student group with diverse skills formed a complex adaptive system through inclusion, connection, support, and collaboration culminating in a final public performance and this practice report. Through this process, students obtained a broad range of graduate skills as well as professional musical competencies within a functioning heterarchy. In creative and performing arts, WIL can positively produce professional outcomes that appear indistinguishable from professional practice in the industry at large. This can be a model for transformative WIL in other disciplines. In addition, this research and practice report was prepared primarily by students with a faculty mentor, providing yet another set of graduate skills to musicians seeking portfolio careers in the arts.