The Master's programme Industrial Ecology is jointly organised by Leiden University and Delft University of Technology. - Two main features of the construction and demolition systems translate into environmental pressure; an increasing need for building materials, to provide and maintain the infrastructure for growing urban populations, and the management of large amounts of waste streams that come from demolition and construction activities. Because of its high volume and limited management alternatives, the concrete waste is a critical stream. In the Netherlands, 95% of concrete rubble from construction and demolition waste is recycled into an application of lower grade through regular crushing. Alternative methods for reintegrating the coarse fraction into new concrete are Advanced Dry Recovery (ADR), electrical fragmentation (EF) and wet processing. Around 2% of the concrete waste stream is wet processed, but this alternative is energy intensive and expensive. Oppositely, ADR and EF are simpler technologies that also offer to retrieve the value of concrete, but are still at a pilot stage. This research project focuses on ADR as a recycling alternative to regular crushing in specific scenarios, addressing financial and environmental implications through the use of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC). The main research question is: What are the environmental and economic implications of different concrete recycling scenarios in the Netherlands? The applicability of the results is that of a first estimate of the economic and environmental implications of shifting to ADR concrete-rubble recycling, with a detailed coverage of costs and types of environmental interventions. The research question is addressed from two different perspectives. First, a case study from the HISER project, sponsored by the European Union, is evaluated integrating LCA and LCC. The case is about the demolition of an end-of-life building and the construction of a new building on the same site where the old building stood. Therefore, it includes a waste management component and a material supply component. The materials retrieved from the demolition of a building were registered and the materials required for the new building estimated. As the demolition of a building is a one-time event, the real demolition and the construction plans are compared to a virtual demolition and the consequent construction plans. The scenario from the real demolition promotes circularity regarding coarse aggregate for concrete production, by recycling with ADR the clean concrete rubble from a 'best-practice' demolition. Second, with the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) from the first perspective, the environmental implications of using recycled coarse aggregate instead of natural coarse aggregate for the production of concrete are explored. Regarding the impact assessment method, the modelled environmental interventions were better represented with the PEF characterization factors than with the EN15804 characterization factors. The integrated LCC-LCA study indicates that recycling concrete rubble into coarse aggregate for concrete with ADR technology provided environmental benefits at a higher cost for the Steiger 113 project, compared to the virtual option of processing the stony fraction through regular crushing and sourcing imported gravel for the new construction. The reduction of transport distances between the source of CDW, the ADR facilities and the consumer of the RCA would decrease the costs and the environmental burden. Within the defined scenarios from two different perspectives, the supply chain of RCA from concrete-rubble recycling with ADR technology presents environmental advantages compared to the supply chain of NCA. The Circular Economy Index presented advantages compared to mass recycling rates while contrasting the LCC environmental profiles with simple indicators.


This paper proposes an automatic composition method using the training capability of artificial neural networks and chord progression rules that are widely used by human composers. After training a given song, the new melody is generated by the trained artificial neural networks through applying a different initial melody to the neural networks. The generated melody should be modified to fit the rhythm and chord progression rules for generating natural melody. In order to achieve this object, we devised a post-processing method such as chord candidate generation, chord progression, and melody correction. From some tests we could find that the melody after the post-processing was very improved from the melody generated by artificial neural networks. This enables our composition system to generate a melody which is similar to those generated by human composers.


Chile went through a major pension system reform in 1981, replacing the state managed pay-as-you-go system by a privately-managed fully funded scheme. The reform implied a rather important increase in the net present value of expected pension wealth for most of those who opted-out to the new arrangement. We investigate the extent to which households substitute this increase by decreasing accumulation of other wealth. As the decision to either stay in the old system or to opt-out to the new one was not random, we follow an instrumental variable approach that allow us to overcome the unobserved heterogeneity problem. Using data from the Social Protection Survey we find two suitable instruments that we apply to two different subsamples. The displacement effect between expected pension wealth and non-pension wealth is estimated to be in the range of 30%. Among the possible reasons for the incomplete offset are imperfect information, the desire to compensate for new risks faced and habit formation..


Juvenile crime and delinquency are serious problems in every society today. Their intensity and gravity depend mostly on the social, economic and cultural conditions in each country. There is evidence, however, of an apparent worldwide increase in juvenile criminality combined with economic recession, especially in marginal sectors of urban centers. From 1995 to 2000, over 10,500 children were arrested and detained every year. In many cases, youth offenders are "street children" who have been exposed to violence in their immediate social environment, either as observers or as victims. Their basic education, when they have it at all, is poor; their primary socialization from the family is too often inadequate; and their socio-economic environment is shaped by poverty and destitution. Rather than relying solely on the criminal justice system, approaches to the prevention of violence and crime should include measures to support equality and justice, to combat poverty and to reduce hopelessness among young people (UNICEF, 1995).


This objective study was purposed to analyze the lower class` social
problems during Industrial Revolution era as found in the Charles Dickens` novel
Oliver Twist. To gain those purpose, I used qualitative analysis based on sociological
approach to literature to analyze contemporary society`s condition of England in the
eighteen century, and I also used sociological approach to social problems to analyze
the history and all about the social phenomenon included the social problems
happened at Industrial Revolution era as pictured in the novel.
I employed the novel Oliver Twist as the object of the study. This final
project had two problems to be explored, those are: (1) what forms of lower class`
social problems can be found in Charles Dickens` novel Oliver Twist? (2) what
causes of social problems are in Charles Dickens` novel Oliver Twist? This study
was a qualitative study with sociological approach as the theories. I used qualitative
method as the method of investigation since the data of the study were in the forms of
monologue and dialogue. The data gathered by reading, identifying, inventorizing,
classifying, and selecting techniques. The data were also analyzed by using the
techniques of exposing, explaining, interpreting, and inferring.
The investigation findings are. First, lower class` social problems were
pictured in Charles Dickens` novel Oliver Twist. There were injustice treatment to
the poor in the workhouse, poverty, starvation in the workhouse, crime, child abuse,
and social stratification. Second, after further investigation it turned out that there
were some causes of social problems happened during Industrial Revolution era
reflected in the novel, namely urbanization, economic inequality between the rich
and the poor, and liberalization. Urbanization led into overpopulation in big cities in
England. Many unskilled people moved to big cities to look for a fortune or a better
life. Unfortunately, overpopulation of new urban settlement created high rates of
poverty. The next impact, economic inequality between the rich and the poor causes
some chained of problems such as starvation, and crime. In addition, many people
were sent to the workhouse due to poverty but unfortunately in the workhouse they
were treated badly. Liberalism created social stratification, child abuse, and injustice
treatment to the poor in the workhouse.
For the next researcher, I suggest to analyze about the effects of capitalism
and industrialization reflected in the novel Oliver Twist.


In this paper we analyze the role of the school on the moral education of dental students. Questioning the pedagogical basis of the hegemonic deontologi- cal model of teaching ethics during dental training, we advocate an active pedagogical approach and su- ggest that the role of the school on the moral educa- tion of future dentists consists in making students ex- perience, in a conscious and responsible way, the moral dilemmas that show up in social relations at school's day-to-day.


The Mekong river, located in Southeast Asia, is one of the largest rivers in the world. It is facing serious problems related to sediment transport, e.g. the reduction of sediment volume supply to the delta and estuary. This study focuses on the physical properties of suspended particles in the upstream fluvial section (Luang Prabang, Laos) and in the region of tidal influence (Song Hau estuary, Vietnam). These sites are respectively the upper and lower limits of the Lower Mekong River (LMR), which are experiencing contrasted transport modes. The main objective of this study is to quantify the proportion of inert sand and of cohesive particles in the water through comprehensive measurements of particle size, settling velocity and flocculation in the water column. Two field campaigns were undertaken in the summer monsoon season. The results point out the predominance of flocculi, with sizes of 18 ± 5 μm in the fluvial environment and 15 ± 5 μm in the estuary and the similarities in patterns, mixture of sand (12 ± 5 %) and mud (88 ± 5 %). They also provide a statistically representative set of suspended particle populations in the upstream and downstream regions that could be used for improving numerical models.


We experimentally demonstrated the great advantages of a high dielectric constant thin film electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) power distribution network (PDN) for the suppression of power/ground noises and radiated emissions in high-performance multilayer digital printed circuit boards (PCBs). Five-layer test PCBs were fabricated and their scattering parameters measured. The power plane noise and radiated emissions were measured, investigated and related to the PDN impedance. This successfully demonstrated that the bandgap of the EBG was extended more than three times, covering a range of hundreds of MHz using a 1-cm /spl times/ 1-cm EBG cell, the SSN was reduced from 170 mV to 10 mV and the radiated emission was suppressed by 22 dB because of the high dielectric constant thin film EBG power/ground network.


3189 Background: PABA or p-amino benzoic acid is a water-soluble natural compound and a component of Vitamin B-12, thought to play a role in nucleotide base synthesis. It is widely available as a dietary supplement and is a common component of sunscreens. Previously, we observed that PABA enhanced the effects of radiation in B16F10 and G361 melanoma and Lewis Lung carcinoma in vitro, as well as in 4T1 breast carcinoma and B16F10 melanoma in a chick CAM in vivo model (ACR-NCI-EORTC, Nov. 2003). To further explore the role of PABA pre-clinically, we studied its effects as a radiosensitizer in the 4T1 syngeneic murine model of mammary carcinoma (Fred Miller, The Michigan Cancer Center).

METHODS
4T1 tumor cells (5 x 104) were injected subcutaneously into the flank of BALB/C mice. Three days later, 28 mice were randomly assigned to PABA, administered daily for the duration of the experiment (1 mg/day), or no PABA treatment. At 14 days post-implantation, a randomization to radiation treatment (RT) occurred in both the PABA and non-PABA treated groups. A 60Co source was used to deliver a single fraction of 10 Gy to the tumor. Tumors were measured and volumes were calculated weekly for 28 days ((L2xW)/2).

RESULTS
At day 28, PABA injection alone had minimal effect on tumor growth (P=0.14); 10 Gy of ionizing radiation therapy significantly inhibited tumor growth by 47% (P=0.019); and PABA+10 Gy RT significantly inhibited tumor growth by 83% (P=0.000217) as compared to untreated controls. In addition, PABA+10 Gy RT resulted in a 68% inhibition of tumor growth as compared to radiation alone (P=0.00036).

CONCLUSIONS
The most effective inhibition of tumor growth was achieved by PABA+10 Gy RT, suggesting that PABA is a radiosensitizer in this model. Given the high tolerability of PABA, these data may have significant translational potential. [Figure: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.


Distinctive inter-annual patterns of tree seed production can include spatial synchronicity, periodicity, and high variability among individuals within a population. Synchronicity and high variability are now commonly used to define mast seeding, with 'strict' mast seeding further distinguished by annual seed production that is either often large or nil and thus bimodal. Here we test for synchronicity, periodicity, and bimodality using 43 years of annual total and viable seed counts, along four transect lines, sampling an elevation gradient (480–1340 m) in a monospecific New Zealand mountain beech Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides forest. We expect most support for periodicity and bimodality at relatively high elevation sites that are most resource limited and known to have the greatest variability in seed production. While there was weak evidence for differences in viable seed counts along the elevation gradient, this was not the case for total seed counts. A significant yeareffect on seed counts provided some evidence for synchronization, but the correlations of total or viable seed counts rapidly declined (from 0.96 to 0.58) with increasing elevation difference among transect lines. Although we detected a seven-year periodicity in total and viable seed counts at each elevation, we also detected other period lengths at most elevations. We did not find evidence for our expectation of increased period length and bimodality in relatively unproductive high elevation mountain beech forests because they would take more time to recover from seeding events. As a consequence, if resource limitation is an important driver of mountain beech seed production its influence must be strongly regulated by other factors to determine the distinctive characteristics (periodicity and synchronicity but not bimodality) of inter-annual variation in seed production.


Green products have a better value to offer compare to conventional products, it give the consumer a chance to contribute to the environment. While other research shows that customer are willing to buy products with better value but that's not what happen to green products. Also people are reluctant to buy green product even though they have the awareness and knowledge about the environment condition because green products are perceived to be expensive. This paper is trying to give a different approach by connecting Brand Equity to Green Purchase Intention because expensive products with a strong brand will be easier to sell. Also this research is trying to explain what is the most influential dimension of Brand Equity that contribute to Green Purchase


Oxidative endothelial dysfunction is a critical initiator of vascular disease. Vitamin E is an effective antioxidant but attempts to use it to treat vascular disorders have been disappointing. This study investigated whether tocotrienols, the less abundant components of vitamin E compared to tocopherols, might be more effective at preserving endothelial function. Superoxide generated by hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase or rat aorta was measured using lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. The effect of α-tocopherol, α-, δ-, and γ-tocotrienols and a tocotrienol rich palm oil extract (tocomin) on levels of superoxide was assessed. Endothelial function in rat aorta was assessed in the presence of the auto-oxidant pyrogallol. Whilst all of the compounds displayed antioxidant activity, the tocotrienols were more effective when superoxide was produced by hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase whereas tocomin and α-tocopherol were more effective in the isolated aorta. Tocomin and α-tocopherol restored endothelial function in the presence of oxidant stress but α-, δ-, and γ-tocotrienols were ineffective. The protective effect of tocomin was replicated when the tocotrienols were present with, but not without, α-tocopherol. Tocotrienol rich tocomin is more effective than α-tocopherol at reducing oxidative stress and restoring endothelium-dependent relaxation in rat aortae and although α-, δ-, and γ-tocotrienols effectively scavenged superoxide, they did not improve endothelial function.


The application of Schottky junction in self-powered devices is limited by low efficiency in both separation and transport of photogenerated electrons/holes. This issue may be overcome by introducing electronically conductive metal–organic framework (EC-MOF) materials into the junction and limited by preparing high-quality thin films of EC-MOFs. In this study, for the first time, high-quality EC-MOF thin films were demonstrated as effective interlayer materials to solve the above-mentioned issue by modulating the height of Schottky barrier (ΦB). The EC-MOF-based self-powered Schottky diode can act as a photodetector and demonstrate the highest external quantum efficiency (84%) for all reported self-powered photodetectors as well as the broadest detectable spectrum range (250 to 1500 nm), high on–off ratio (∼103) and short rise (0.007 s) and fall time (0.03 s). Furthermore, it can be used as a gas sensor for typical harmful gases and vapors.


This paper describes the system modelling, architecture design and implementation of the observatory control system (OCS) of the LAMOST (Large Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope). The software-reuse technique, object-oriented technique, component and framework based software-developing methodology are used in the system architecture and implementation. The architecture of OCS is established based on a component-based layered system using many patterns such as the MVC (Model/View/Controller) and proxy. For the effective and safe exchange of commands and status between OCS and the subsystem, a unified message bus is defined and three protocols, namely a command acceptance/rejection protocol, a command execution feedback protocol and a status handling protocol, are proposed. The interface protocol between all the subsystems is defined. The full utilization of advanced computer technologies including the database, distributed computing, real-time computing, standard data exchange and expert system technologies has benefited the OCS software development.


The ladder network parameter identification for transformer winding is crucial for the interpretation of the frequency response function data. The traditional identification method, mainly based on intelligent optimisation algorithm, is generally very time-consuming due to a large amount of computation. This study proposes to combine the intelligent algorithm and Gauss-Newton iteration algorithm (GNIA) to improve the optimisation efficiency notably with a sharply dropped calculation workload. These two methods are well-complementary since the intelligent algorithm holds excellent global search ability while the search of the GNIA is directional and quantitative. This study solves three key problems for the combined algorithms. The first problem is the calculation of the least-square correction solution to the network parameters in the iteration algorithm. The treatment of the ill-conditioned Jacobian matrix in the iteration algorithm is the second challenge. Another issue is the determination of the network parameter with zero sensitivity. The identification results on an isolated winding show that the combined algorithms can obtain a more precise solution with far less amount of computation.


ABSTRACT Jiao, Z.; Tan, H.; Mei, T., and Hu, X., 2015. Numerical analysis on dynamic responses of the sheet-pile wharf with separated relieving platform under horizontal seismic loads. The dynamic responses of a new kind of sheet-pile wharf under horizontal seismic loads have been simulated by using the finite element method, and the influences of earthquakes' characteristics have been analyzed in detail. Compared with the traditional sheet-pile wharf, the separated relieving platform system has been adopted for the new wharf and the dock basin could be much deeper for larger ships. The results of the numerical calculation show that the separated relieving platform system is still effective under seismic loads, and the maximum internal force of structural elements doesn't change when earthquake acceleration reaches the peak value. With the increase of the earthquake peak ground acceleration value, the maximum internal force of structural elements all increases at different degrees, the amplification of the bending moment is the largest, those of tie rod's tension force and anchor wall's bending moment are a bit smaller than that of the front wall, and those of front pile and back pile's bending moment are the smallest. The amplification coefficients of all internal force under the Kobe wave loads are always bigger than those under the EL-Centro wave with the same PGA value, which indicates that, in addition to the earthquake wave peak value, the responses are also affected by other earthquake characteristics, such as spectrum, wave energy density and wave total energy.


We address uncertainty and confusion in value chain management through the use of recently developed phase plane and decision frontier analysis. The new methodology enables the distinction between the concept of local, self-inflicted, uncertainty and the concept of global, state of the world, uncertainty through phase plane mapping. We utilise the solution to a set of stochastic differential equations to encapsulate attitudes to uncertainty, opportunity and risk. One source of information on and targets for variability is through the method of dynamic acquisition which assists in generating expert forecasts. The forecast errors can be monitored to provide an innovative facility for mapping changes in variability which should enhance research and understanding of the mechanisms occurring in value chains. The method also addresses the need for improved network relationships as well as supporting enhanced agility.


The photosynthetic thylakoid membrane has a hierarchically ordered structure containing pigment-protein complexes that capture solar radiation and convert it into chemical energy. Its highly dynamic structure is capable to continuously respond to the altered environmental conditions, e.g., light quality and quantity, temperature changes and nutrient availability. Having detailed knowledge about the photosynthetic apparatus and its regulating factors is of paramount importance for the potential use of photosynthesis as alternative energy source or for removing toxic pollutants. The thesis provides new information about the role of various carotenoid molecules for the structure and energy transfer capacity of photosynthetic complexes in cyanobacteria. Our results demonstrate that besides the known structural importance of carotenoids they are also required for the oligomerisation of photosystems and for maintaining the structure of the light-harvesting antenna complexes, called phycobilisomes. Part of the thesis focuses on the Photosystem II (PSII) macro-organisation in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane of plants. The general importance of a small-molecular-weight protein, PsbW is demonstrated for the organisation of the PSII supercomplexes and the formation of the parallel rows of PSII and the accompanying psi-type circular dichroism signal. A new, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy-based fingerprinting method is described that can be used to study the PSII macrodomain organization. CD is a potentially powerful method to follow the dynamic changes of the pigment-protein complex organisation of chloroplast membranes in vivo. In this thesis the cadmium-induced toxic effects on photosynthetic processes are also investigated. The observed changes can be merged into a cascade mechanism model. Such detailed knowledge of toxic events is crucial for the effective use of cyanobacteria to remove the cadmium pollution from water.In conclusion, this thesis contributes to our knowledge about the structure and dynamics of the photosynthetic apparatus at various organisational levels.


Richard Morton was one of the outstanding physicians of the seventeenth century. After graduating BA at Oxford he elected to enter the Church, becoming ultimately Vicar of Kinver in Staffordshire. On the Restoration he found himself unable to comply with the requirements of the Act of Uniformity and was ousted from his Staffordshire living. He disappeared for eight years but reappeared in 1670 when, on the sponsorship of the Prince of Orange, the degree of MD was conferred on him by the University of Oxford. He set up in practice in London and was elected a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1678. He has left a lasting memorial in the form of his book Phthisiologia which deals with all aspects of phthisis, the word being interpreted in its widest sense to denote any disease associated with wasting. It is not known where Morton obtained his medical education nor is there anything in his writings to indicate where he spent the eight years between 1662 and 1670. It is suggested that he may have been in Holland for part of those years attending the University of Leyden and making the acquaintance of the Prince of Orange whose patronage was to prove so useful at Oxford in 1670.


Canopy light interception (LI) is important for yield and crop growth, but LI is often not measured because measurements must be made close to solar noon in unobstructed, direct-beam sunlight. Digital imagery may allow measurements of canopy coverage that are independent of solar radiation and solar angle restrictions. The objectives of this research were to determine the proportion of ground area covered by a soybean (Glycine max L. [Merr.]) canopy from digital images taken from above, and to compare the canopy-coverage measurements with LI measurements. Software limited the scanned areas of digital images to leaves, which allowed calculation of fractional canopy coverage. Similar values of canopy coverage were obtained throughout the day using digital imagery. Furthermore, comparisons of canopy coverage values with LI measured near solar noon indicated that there was a one-to-one relationship. Digital imagery, coupled with appropriate software, offers a simple and effective method of determining canopy coverage and LI.


We study how the risks to future liquidity flow across corporate bond, Treasury, and stock markets. We document distribution "flight-to-safety" effects: a deterioration in the liquidity of high-yield corporate bonds forecasts an increase in the average liquidity of Treasury securities and a decrease in uncertainty about the liquidity of investment-grade corporate bonds. While the liquidity of Treasury securities both affects and is affected by the liquidity in the other two markets, corporate bond and equity market liquidity appear to be largely divorced from each other. Finally, we show that measures of market-wide volatility and market-maker constraints do not contain information useful for predicting the distribution of future liquidity over and above that contained in the recent history of bid-ask spreads.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the performance of two different adhesive resin cement systems in the cementation of inlay/onlay restorations produced from resin nanoceramic blocks using the CAD/CAM system.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 70 inlay/onlay restorations made from Cerasmart (GC, Tokyo, Japan) resin nanoceramic blocks using CEREC Omnicam (Sirona Dental, Bensheim, Germany) were placed in 53 patients. The restorations were cemented with RelyX U200 Automix (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) self-adhesive resin cement (RXU) after selective enamel etching or with G-CEM LinkForce (GC, Tokyo, Japan) adhesive resin cement (GCL) in combination with a universal adhesive (G-Premio Bond) in selective etch mode. At baseline and after 6, 12, and 18 months, restorations were examined by two calibrated clinicians according to modified USPHS criteria. The data were analyzed using Chi-square (χ2 ) test and Friedman test (p < 0.05).

RESULTS
After 18 months, two teeth at RXU group were endodontically treated due to hypersensitivities. At GCL group, three restorations were lost due to debondings (2) and ceramic fracture (1). The survival rates of RXU (94.3%) and GCL group (91.4%) exhibited no statistically significant difference (p = 0.661). No significant differences were detected for surface texture, secondary caries, anatomic form, color match, marginal discoloration, marginal integrity, interproximal contacts, and patient satisfaction (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
The two resin cement systems showed acceptable clinical performance for the cementation of resin nanoceramic CEREC Omnicam inlay/onlay restorations.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Resin nanoceramic restorations fabricated using CEREC Omnicam and cemented with either a self-adhesive or a universal adhesive/resin cement system demonstrated clinically acceptable results for posterior teeth in a single visit.


In the southern US, rice, Oryza sativa L., is frequently attacked simultaneously by rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, and sheath blight pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kuhn. Field studies were used to determine the impact of L. oryzophilus infestation on development of sheath blight and combined effects of both L. oryzophilus and R. solani on yield of rice cultivars, 'Cocodrie' and 'Jefferson'. Infestation by L. oryzophilus had no influence on severity of sheath blight in either Cocodrie or Jefferson. Grain yield of both cultivars was significantly less in response to infestation by L. oryzophilus. Infection by R. solani alone significantly reduced yield only in the susceptible cultivar Cocodrie. Percent yield losses in Cococdrie in response to exposure to L. oryzophilus and R. solani alone and in combination were 5.6, 23.9, and 20.0%, respectively. Similarly, percent yield losses in Jefferson in response to exposure to L. oryzophilus and R. solani alone and in combination were 7.3, 10.6, and 5.4%, respectively. Combined impact of infestation by L. oryzophilus and infection by R. solani on yield did not differ significantly from the impact of pathogen infection alone in Cocodrie. The combined impact of R. solani and L. oryzophilus on yield in Jefferson did not vary significantly from the impact of either alone. Results suggested that L. oryzophilus did not affect severity of sheath blight in rice, and the combined impact of L. oryzophilus and R. solani on rice yield was less than additive. Understanding the interaction between L. oryzophilus and R. solani, important pests of rice in the southern US, will help manage these pests more effectively.


Increasing production activities in sour environments with equipment and piping made of low corrosion- resistant carbon steel result in significant iron sulfides (FeS) corrosion and scaling problems. FeS scale control is challenging as FeS formation is favored in production water chemistry (extremely low solubility and fast precipitation kinetics) with complex phase transformations. Efficient chemical control of FeS scales has not been found. A polymeric compound containing amide or its derivative functionalities showed a promising effect by controlling the FeS particle size on a nano-meter scale at threshold quantities. The FeS scales were successfully managed by forming a stable FeS particle suspension in the aqueous phase without partitioning into the oil-water interface. Current development focuses on understanding the interactions between the polymeric-compound based dispersants and environmental factors such as the presence of an oil phase, as well as silica. In addition, performance improvement of the identified dispersants by new chemical additives has been explored. Our results show that biocides such as Tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride (THPS) may not be as effective as needed for FeS scale inhibition benefit. At the tested conditions, EDTA shows satisfactory FeS scale inhibition and dissolution performance. In addition, silica significantly affects wettability of FeS particles with part of the previously oil-wet FeS partitioning into the aqueous phase. The FeS inhibition and dissolution effects of EDTA are kinetically "poisoned" by silica; while FeS-dispersing effect of polymeric compounds remains unaffected. However, the previously-shown ability that polymer dispersants keep already-formed large size FeS particles in the aqueous phase is also impaired.


Recent advances in programmable switch hardware offer a fresh opportunity to protect user privacy. This paper presents PINOT, a lightweight in-network anonymity solution that runs at line rate within the memory and processing constraints of hardware switches. PINOT encrypts a client's IPv4 address with an efficient encryption scheme to hide the address from downstream ASes and the destination server. PINOT is readily deployable, requiring no end-user software or cooperation from networks other than the trusted network where it runs. We implement a PINOT prototype on the Barefoot Tofino switch, deploy PINOT in a campus network, and present results on protecting user identity against public DNS, NTP, and WireGuard VPN services.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess the water quality parameters resulting on: First, the flow direction in biofilters (ascending or descending), second, constructed wetland (CW) with local plant species and third, the combined system for the removal of organic matter and nutrients pollutants from water in arid regions.

Design/methodology/approach
An integrated system is presented and tested in situ with a vertical up-flow and down-flow biofilters. Two configurations schemes are followed by a three separated horizontal subsurface CWs: two planted with Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia and the third unplanted. The methodology is based on a statistical analysis of the collected data.

Findings
The present experiment demonstrated that the wetlands planted with P. australis and T. latifolia showed the highest removal. Moreover, T. latifolia performed better than P. australis for most of the parameters, notably in the first system, whereas the wetland efficiency indicated that P. australis contributed greatly to the removal of TP in the first system and NO3-N in the second system. In general, for the highest removal efficiencies of the combined biofilters and wetlands system, the present study demonstrated that the first system performed better than the second for all the parameters.

Originality/value
The originality of the research is that it compares in situ two biofilter systems: vertical up-flow and down-flow biofilters. To avoid the effects of domestic wastewater that is discharged directly without treatment in the Oued Righ channel or in the lake, this integrated system can be one of the alternatives for wastewater treatment, as it reveals the need to protect aquatic ecosystems in arid regions, and can decrease the risks to human health and the environment.


Now in its second edition, A Textbook of Cultural Economics is an established resource for many courses, including economics of the arts, the cultural and media industries, and the digital creative economy. Authored by Ruth Towse, a widely recognised expert in cultural economics, the book offers a comprehensive, up-to-date overview and analysis of the field in the digital era. Written in an accessible style, and with suggestions for further reading, it covers a range of topics, from the more traditional arts to the creative industries (such as music, film, games, broadcasting, and publishing), as well as the economics of artists' labour, markets and copyright. This second edition considers the creative economy up to the present, emphasising the role of digitisation across the creative industries. It will appeal to students taking courses in the economics of art and culture, and can also be used in courses on arts management and cultural policy.


ABSTRACT Background and Aim Cross-linguistic adaptations of aphasia assessment tools in Turkey are needed to improve aphasia assessment and rehabilitation with individuals speaking languages other than well-resourced languages. Aligned with this need, we conducted several studies to propose an adaptation of "The Comprehensive Aphasia Test" (CAT) into Turkish. Methods During this adaptation process; (a) lexical/linguistic and visual stimuli in CAT's Language Battery subtests were evaluated by examining their imageability, familiarity, and name agreement features through rating studies, and two pilot studies for (b) Cognitive Screening and (c) Language Battery sections were carried out. In the stimuli norming studies, 71 undergraduate students (aged 20–24) rated 236 words in the Imageability and Familiarity tasks; 40 participants (aged 30–60) named 244 pictures in the Name Agreement task. Two sections of the CAT-TR were administered to different groups of subjects with aphasia (PWA) and matched controls. Fourteen PWA (and 14 controls) were presented the Cognitive Screening section, and a different group (PWA = 20, controls = 20) completed the Language Battery section. Results The imageability and familiarity ratings of 236 words and name agreement (% – H statistic) values of 244 pictures were calculated. Imageability and familiarity ratings of the words had a positive strong correlation with each other. Items with a name agreement of 85% or more were considered high name agreement. As anticipated, the control groups both in the Cognitive Screening and the Language Battery sections performed better than the PWA group. As a result, no further adaptive changes were suggested for these sections. Conclusion Results of these studies have shown that the Comprehensive Aphasia Test-Turkish is culturally and linguistically appropriate for Turkish speakers with aphasia. Therefore, future studies should assess its validity and reliability, and establish norms for its clinical interpretation.


The specification of cartilage requires Sox9, a transcription factor with broad roles for organogenesis outside the skeletal system. How Sox9 gains selective access to cartilage-specific cis-regulatory regions during skeletal development had remained unclear. By analyzing chromatin accessibility during the differentiation of neural crest cells into chondrocytes of the zebrafish head, we find that cartilage-associated chromatin accessibility is dynamically established. Cartilage-associated regions that become accessible after neural crest migration are co-enriched for Sox9 and Fox transcription factor binding motifs. In zebrafish lacking Foxc1 paralogs, we find a global decrease in chromatin accessibility in chondrocytes, consistent with a later loss of dorsal facial cartilages. Zebrafish transgenesis assays confirm that many of these Foxc1-dependent elements function as enhancers with region- and stage-specific activity in facial cartilages. We propose that Foxc1-dependent chromatin accessibility helps directs the versatile Sox9 protein to a chondrogenic program in the face. Highlights Dynamic chromatin accessibility across facial cartilage development Co-enrichment of Fox- and Sox-binding motifs in accessible regions Foxc1 establishes accessibility in a subset of facial cartilage enhancers Modular activity of Foxc1-dependent cartilage enhancers in zebrafish


Introduction The recent English Court of Appeal case of Experience Hendrix v PPX Enterprises Ltd is the latest to consider the law concerning the liability of a contracting party in respect of the profits of a breach of contract, following the decision of the House of Lords in Attorney-General v Blake. The issue is of practical importance and theoretical interest. In this note I will outline what I argue is the best interpretation of Blake and its theoretical basis, and consider its implications for Hendrix. I will deal first with the claim for all the profits of a breach, and then with the lesser claim for some fraction of the defendant's benefit, conceived of as a sort of deemed licence fee or quid pro quo for breach. The former was described in Blake and Hendrix as an "account of profits", but I will refer to it as "disgorgement". The latter I will refer to as "licence fee damages". I will argue that these are distinct types of claim, although in Blake and Hendrix they were regarded as variants of a single type of claim.


A single tumoral tissue can bear phenotypically different cell populations. This phenomenon called intra-tumor heterogeneity can lead to differential behaviors regarding metastasis seeding and therapy resistance [1]. MALDI imaging has proven its efficiency for revealing hidden molecular features offering an insight into distinct cellular regions based on their molecular content. Further, proteomics applied to these regions could allow depicting the molecular context associated to particular cells groups and enable the collection of qualitative, quantitative and spatial information for each protein. Breast cancer Formalin Fixed and Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) tissues, from patients whose outcome had been recorded over a period of 10 years, were used for this study. After Citric Acid Antigen Retrieval and trypsin digestion, images were obtained by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS (Bruker, Germany). Analytical data analysis were applied to the measured large normalized datasets using the cloud software Multimaging (ImaBioTech, France) in order to find potential biomarkers that could be correlated to different patient survivals. Small tissue areas were obtained by laser microdissection (LEICA LMD 700, Germany), upon which a combination of chemical processes was applied to ensure optimal protein antigen retrieval, extraction and digestion. Finally, the tissue pieces obtained were analyzed by LC-MS/MS using UPLC Waters Nanoacquity and Thermo Q-Exactive instruments. Based on mathematical calculations carried out on the MALDI imaging datasets, ROIs could be detected in a single tumor. We aimed to compare the proteomic profiles of these intra-tumoral ROIs for several MALDI datasets. Recently, Longuespee [2] published a method to retrieve the identification of more than 1400 proteins from microdissected tissue pieces containing only 2700 cells. This whole procedure allowed us to identify a panel of proteins that characterizes tissue heterogeneity within a single tumor and to associate their presence with the information of each patient, such as their prognosis. This proves the applicability of the combination of MALDI imaging for the discovery of tumoral heterogeneity without a priori, on a mathematical basis, and classical proteomics applied on laser-microdissected tissue samples of very restricted areas. This way, we will be able to retrieve the extensive molecular context associated to a bad patient prognosis and/or therapy resistance. The described workflow combines the unique advantages of MALDI imaging for de novo molecular feature characterization and LMD-based microproteomics. It offers the possibility to identify protein/peptide markers that will have the power to predict the outcome of the breast cancer patient at the beginning of their treatment, and thus, improve the clinical care for the benefit of the patients. [1] Zardavas et al., Nature Rev. Clin. Onc. (2015) [2] Longuespee et al., Methods (2015) Citation Format: Deborah Alberts, Remi Longuespee, Charles Pottier, Nicolas Smargiassio, Gabriel Mazzucchelli, Dominique Baiwir, Philippe Delvenne, Gregory Hamm, Stefan Linehan, Fabien Pamelard, Gael Picard de Muller, Edwin De Pauw. MALDI imaging-guided microproteomics workflow for intratumor heterogeneity studies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-187.


Many Japanese big cities are developed in the delta areas along big rivers. For the anti-flood measure, meandering river channels have been filled up and changed to straight line around those cities. Around the Seto Inland Sea areas, southwest Japan, many irrigation ponds had been constructed to make up for shortage of agricultural water in summer. But, many ponds have been filled up and shifted to other land use by the process of urbanization. Those filled up inland water area is pointed out that those are weak for liquefaction from the earthquake damages of the past. Thus, the detection of the filled up inland water area is very important to grasp the weak area for the liquefaction damages on earthquake. In this paper, the filled up inland water area in the Osaka Plain is detected with GRASS GIS by comparison between old and current topographic maps. Those detected filled up areas are compared with land use data. As the result of the study, 24 % of the filled up areas is used for public use which will be use as evacuation area at earthquake disaster. Those maps are available for the inspection of earthquake disaster fragility.


The old value of 0.048 per cent chlorine for the average in the earth9s crust is considered too high, and an average of 0.02 per cent appears more probable. The average chlorine content of approximately 100 granitic rocks from North America and other parts of the world was found to be 0.022 per cent; of 20 gabbros, 0.021 per cent; and of 40 basalts and diabases, 0.014 per cent. Chlorine in ultramafic rocks may range from 0.005 to 0.2 per cent or more; alteration (as by autometamorphic processes) may account for the high chlorine contents. A large fraction of the total chlorine in common igneous rocks occurs in hydroxyl minerals such as biotite and hornblende; presumably chloride ion replaces hydroxyl ion. These minerals may contain several tenths of a per cent of chlorine. In basic rocks containing much phosphorus (>1 per cent P 2 O 5 ), apatite may account for much or most of the chlorine, but otherwise there is no close relation between phosphorus and chlorine. Some chlorine is also present as chloride in liquid (aqueous) inclusions, and the chlorine in such anhydrous minerals as the feldspars is probably present largely in this form. Chlorine does not show any marked trend in the differentiation of the common igneous rocks. Since it is an element of well-developed atmophilic and hydrophilic characteristics, a general lack of correlation between chlorine and the major and minor constituents of rocks is not unexpected; an appreciable, perhaps large, fraction of the chlorine in a magma escapes on crystallization. The ratio Cl/H 2 O+ shows a general increase from subsilicic rocks (basalts and gabbros) to silicic. This trend may be attributed to enrichment of Cl compared to H 2 O in the residual liquid as differentiation proceeds to more silicic products. The general geochemistry of chlorine is discussed. Few elements have siderophilic, lithophilic, hydrophilic, and atmophilic properties all developed in comparable degree.


Communities and platforms pervade all aspects of the collaborative economy. Yet, they exist in apparent tension. The collaborative economy is grounded in communities. These are typically characterized by isonomic relations, in which the singularity of members finds its distinctiveness in being woven into mutual, collective endeavor. Yet, the collaborative economy also entails digital platforms organized through largely heteronomic relations in which employees and users are configured as isolate, useful, interchangeable, and flexible "units." As such, communities and platforms are traditionally framed as separate from, and in contradiction to, one another. There is, it seems a paradox at the heart of the collaborative economy. Yet, inspired by the work of Merleau-Ponty, we argue the expression, embodiment, and eventfulness characterizing the collaborative economy show communities and platforms being constituted by one another. We conclude that the paradox, far from being a condition of opposition and dialectical tension requiring managed resolution, is a generative organizational process.


Purpose
Motivated by managers' intentions to pursue private interests by engaging in earnings management, this paper aims to investigate whether voting with hands (shareholders cast votes on shareholder proposals) by shareholders acts as an external disciplining mechanism over earnings management relative to corporate governance. Also, as corporate governance can scrutinize managers' behavior, this study also examines whether there is a substitutive relation between shareholder proposals and corporate governance mechanism.

Design/methodology/approach
First, this paper uses ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions of discrepancy accruals on the percentage of "For" votes for shareholder proposals to test the incremental effect of shareholder proposals on earnings management. Second, firms receiving shareholder proposals are matched with those not receiving proposals by propensity scores, and the levels of earnings management and corporate governance between these two groups are compared by univariate analysis and OLS regressions. In addition, six portfolios are created based on whether firms receive shareholder proposals, as well as on the levels of corporate governance, to assess whether external control from shareholder proposals can substitute internal control for corporate governance in disciplining earnings management. Regressions of earnings management on corporate governance (shareholder proposals) are conducted in the sub-samples formed on shareholder proposals (corporate governance) to further explore the above substitution effects.

Findings
Based on a sample of 2,041 firm-year observations from 2001 to 2010, this paper finds that the "For" votes received from the shareholder proposals have a significant negative relationship with the practice of earnings management, even when corporate governance is controlled. The negative relationship between shareholder proposal and magnitude of earnings management is also found to be stronger when firms have weak corporate governance. The overall evidence suggests that the external control from "voting-with-hand" shareholders has a significant impact on earnings management. In addition, shareholder proposals can substitute the monitoring mechanism for corporate governance in constraining managers' myopic behavior.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the extant literature by using the percentage of "For" votes for shareholder proposals as a proxy for shareholder pressure and concerns. This study contributes to the earnings management literature by showing the disciplinary effect of outside shareholders on managers' reporting behavior. Also, it contributes to the corporate governance research by presenting that shareholder proposals can substitute for the internal control of corporate governance in decreasing earnings management. This paper should be of interest to investors and standard setters.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation level of introduce technology of bokashi on rice cultivation. This study was conducted in the village Kuripan Sub Penengahan, South Lampung regency. Technique of data collecting conducted by field observation and interview by using of quizioner. Determine of sample conducted with purposive sampling. Data analysed using non parametric analysis (rating scale ) . Result of the study relevead that the public interest of farmer very high to bokashi applying. Based to result of evaluation about perception of farmer to technology of making and applying of bokashi in rice cultivation, applying has 72,0% high respons and 28,0% do not respons. Keywords: f armer , perception , bokashi, rice


: Algebraic elimination methods for solving the forward kinematic problem of parallel manipulators are fast and obtain all solutions, but they require eliminating all unknowns except one, and solving a high-degree univariate polynomial whose coefficients often have expressions too complex to be obtained symbolically. This prevents parameterizing these coefficients in terms of all the kinematic parameters involved, which requires repeating the elimination process again whenever these kinematic parameters change. To avoid this, this paper presents an new method to solve the forward kinematics of 3UPS-PU parallel manipulators by eliminating only one unknown, reducing the system to an easily parameterizable set of planar constraint curves in the space of the remaining unknowns, which contain all real solutions of the forward kinematics. By sampling points from these curves densely, and sorting the sampled points using k-d trees, the proposed method manages to search all real solutions along these curves. The proposed method is compared to previous methods that obtain all solutions and is shown to perform about 100 times faster than these methods, but is less general than them.


Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLPs) have been in use for decades. It seemed for a long time, that MLPs have reached their limits, but recent advances caught our attention. Ciresan et al. [1] show that by using a proper training set deep MLPs can outperform all other state of the art machine learning algorithms on the MNIST dataset for handwritten digits. However, a vast amount of training samples is needed, which has to be generated artificially with special transformations. The drawback is that appropriate transformations might be known for handwritten digits but not in general. Work by Hinton et al. and Bengio et al. [2, 3] suggest that unsupervised pre-training helps to find deep MLPs with better generalization from the training set, and thus avoiding to generate extra training data. We are interested in how the better generalization is archived and tested therefore alternative similar architectures. Here we present some observations we made in our first tests on the MNIST dataset. There is a lot of room for improvements to reach the error rates of Ciresan's approach.


Obesity is a global health condition that leads to many kinds of diseases. Bone marrow fat (BMF) is considered as the third largest fat depot in human body. It has been proved that BMF is closely related with energy storage, bone metabolism, endocrine function and hematologic diseases. To understand the relation between BMF and weight loss is crucial within obesity related diseases scenario. Few studies have been published focusing on BMF variation so far. In this study, chemical shift encoding-based water-fat MRI (CSE-MRI) was employed to demonstrate the positive correlation between BMF and parts of the weight loss indicators.


This paper presents the latest results of the European Job Quality Index, updated with 2021 data, and compares the relative performance of EU countries on the Index over time. The study makes both a conceptual and an empirical contribution, by proposing an approach to measuring job quality suitable for comparative cross-national research, as well as for guiding policy by clearly indicating the desired direction for change. Moreover, the study reviews evidence in support of the synergy between job quantity and quality, and also reveals the positive relationship between collective interest representation and several other dimensions of job quality. Finally, it illustrates the unequal distribution of job quality across different groups of the European workforce.


Until very recently the terms acidosis and acetonuria have been used more or less as synonyms, but at the present time there is a tendency to use the term acidosis in a more general way and in a stricter chemical sense, as designating a condition in which there is a decreased alkaline reserve in the blood as a result of an overproduction or decreased elimination of acid bodies. We are interested in this paper only in that specific form or phase of acidosis which is distinguished from the others by the excessive formation of acetone, diacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid, or the so-called acetone bodies. It is a specific form of acidosis, in that faulty metabolism of the fats takes place, leading to the formation of these definite substances, while the other forms of acidosis are the result in many instances of very unclear processes. Without entering on a detailed


The pandemic period causes all systems in life to change a lot, one of which is education. Online learning is a solution to the difficulty of offline learning in schools. This study examines academic stress during online learning among first-year Muslim students in Indonesia. This study's participants were 731 first-year Muslim students who had never done offline learning at the target campus. Data collection used the academic stress scale from Lin & Chen (2009) with seven stress sources. The results showed teachers' stress, stress results, stress tests, studying in groups stress, peer stress, time management stress, and self-inflicted stress were at moderate and high levels. Meanwhile, the highest percentage of academic stress factors was obtained from teachers' stress. We also present a detailed examination of demographic data by cross-tabulating and discussing these findings' theoretical and practical implications.


Revised! SL-238, a 4-page fact sheet by Thomas Obreza, Larry Parsons, and Kelly Morgan, discusses the factors influencing the price of nitrogen fertilizer sources and economic considerations for future nitrogen fertilizer availability. Published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Sciences, February 2009.
SL238/SS457: Nitrogen Fertilizer Sources: What does the future hold for citrus producers? (ufl.edu)


This paper presents new links among net foreign assets (NFA), financial liberalization, and the real exchange rates in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), utilizing a testable theoretical model inspired by Lane and Milesi-Ferreti (2004) and newly constructed data sets for real exchange rates, net foreign assets, and financial liberalization. First, we check for the existence of a transfer problem – the hypothesis that increases in NFA strengthen the real exchange rates. Second, we examine how real exchange rates have reacted to financial liberalization in SSA. Finally, we explore whether financial liberalization dampens the effects of a transfer problem. Empirical analysis, using cross-country data, confirms the existence of a transfer problem that decreases with increases in trade openness in SSA. We also find that, overall, countries with financial liberalization have more depreciated real exchange rates and that financial liberalization dampens the transfer problem so that the semi-elasticity of NFA becomes negative, implying that financially liberalized SSA countries that experience an increase in net external liabilities would eventually require an appreciated, rather than depreciated, real exchange rate. The results are robust to various model specifications and estimation techniques, inclusion of other determinants of real exchange rates and consideration of endogeneity.


To develop and apply goals for future sustainability, we must consider what people care about and what motivates them to engage in solving sustainability issues. Sense of place theory and methods provide a rich source of insights that, like the social-ecological systems perspective, assume an interconnected social and biophysical reality. However, these fields of research are only recently beginning to converge, and we see great potential for further engagement. Here, we present an approach and conceptual tools for how the sense of place perspective can contribute to social-ecological systems research. A brief review focuses on two areas where relation to place is particularly relevant: stewardship of ecosystem services, and responses to change in social-ecological systems. Based on the review, we synthesize specific ways in which sense of place may be applied by social-ecological systems researchers to analyze individual and social behaviors. We emphasize the importance of descriptive place meanings and evaluative place attachment as tools to study the patterned variation of sense of place within or among populations or types of places and the implications for resilience and transformative capacity. We conclude by setting out an agenda for future research that takes into account the concerns of resilience thinking such as the effects of dynamic ecology, interactions between temporal and spatial scales, and the interplay of rapid and incremental change on sense of place and place-related behaviors. This future research agenda also includes concerns from the broader sense of place literature such as the importance of structural power relationships on the creation of place meanings and how scaling up a sense of place may influence pro-environmental behavior. (Less)


A retrospective study of patients with orbital fractures had 48% patients in the age group of 20 – 40 years with male : female ratio of 10:1. Road traffic accidents (71.43%) were the most common cause followed by injury due to fall (20%). Eighty five percent of patients had normal visual acuity at presentation and 65.57% patients had no ocular complaints. Diplopia was present in 14.2% of patients. Of the orbital fractures infraorbital rim was involved in 43.13%, floor in 19.6%, lateral wall in 13.7%, pure blow out in 14.28% and the roof in 2.9%. Important ocular findings were extraocular movements restriction in 9 (10.3%), infraorbital dysaesthesia in 3 (3.4%), enophthalmos in 2, RAPD and globe rupture in 1 patient each. 32 patients underwent surgical management. At the end of 4 months of follow up, 3 had restriction of EOM, 1 patient had vision loss due to globe rupture, 2 had RAPD (optic nerve compression), 1 had lagophthalmos, 1 had exotropia and 1 had atrophic bulbi.


Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC

The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS) is the main non-lysosomial proteolytic machinery in the eukaryotic cells. Prior to their degradation proteins are adressed to the catalytic 26S proteasome complex composed of a 20S "core" that contains proteolytic activities, assembled with one or two 19S regulatory particles that bind proteins to be degraded. Due to its central role of in regulating cell cycle progression and signal transduction the UPS has been proposed as a suitable target for antineoplastic strategies. To date only catalytic inhibitors of proteasome, targeting proteolytic activities of the 20S core particle, have been characterized and/or have emerged as potent anticancer drugs (1).

However, the capacity of the UPS to degrade proteins not only depends of the catalytic activities of the 20S core, but also of the 26S proteasome assembly, a dynamic and tightly controlled cellular process. Thus, compounds impairing 26S proteasome assembly could represent a novel class of proteasome inhibitors.

With the aim of identifying such molecules we first set up a robust biochemical screening assay allowing us to follow 26S proteasome assembly in vitro. First, 26S proteasome was purified from Hela cells using affinity chromatography followed by gel filtration. Then, experimental conditions were determined for in vitro 26S disassembly into its constitutive sub-complexes (19S+20S) ands its re-assembly as an active and functional 26S entity. The differential CTL-activity between 26S and 20S proteasomes (2) was then used as the readout to follow the reassembly of 26S in vitro, prior to be confirmed using in gel overlay experiments and western-blotting. Using this biochemical assay:

1) we screened naturals compounds endowed with antiproliferative properties and described as inhibitors of the ubiquitine-proteasome pathway (3).

2) we identified structurally-related natural molecules, epidithiodioxopiperazine and diketodithiopiperazine derivatives, as the first class of molecules inhibiting proteasome assembly without significantly affecting neither 26S nor 20S catalytic activity in vitro.

Our research efforts now concentrate in showing that: 1) these molecules inhibit proteasome assembly in cells, and that 2) this inhibition can be correlated with their antiproliferative effects.

References

Sterz J. et al. Extert Opin. Invest. Drugs, 2008, 17

Rivett AJ et al., Experimental Gerontology, 2002, 37

Vandenberghe I. et al., Biochem. Pharmacol., 2008, 76

Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend.

Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-295.


The change in aerodynamic forces as a result of local plasma heat addition to supersonic flow (Mach 3.0), upstream of a cone, is studied numerically by solving the three-dimensional compressible Euler equations. In principle, such an effect on the forces and moments can be used for vehicle steering as well as drag reduction. Local energy addition to the flow is achieved by the use of microwave radiation as a heating-source and an electron beam to control the air conductivity and consequently the location of the energy deposition. This approach requires heating only in a localized preionized region, and so the strength of the microwave field has to be much lower than the critical value of the electric field at breakdown. Results show the potential effects of heat addition on the aerodynamic forces. The corresponding power and the optimized location required to achieve these effects are discussed.


Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC

Protein kinase C epsilon (PKCe), a member of the PKC family of phorbol ester/diacylglycerol receptors, is up-regulated in many human cancers, including prostate cancer. We recently demonstrated that PKCe is an essential mediator of NF-κB activation in prostate cancer (Garg et al. , JBC, 287 (44), 37570–37582, 2012). Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a well-known NF-κB regulated gene, has been reported to be up-regulated in a number of human cancers, including metastatic prostate cancer. As PKCe plays an important role in prostate cancer cell survival and cooperates with other oncogenic insults, herein we aim to determine if PKCe regulates COX-2 activation during prostate tumorigenesis. PKCe RNAi depletion diminishes TNFα- or LPS-induced COX-2 mRNA expression in LNCaP prostate cancer cells and constitutive COX-2 levels from PC3 cells. Conversely, PKCe overexpression by adenoviral means potentiates TNFα or LPS-induced COX-2 expression in LNCaP cells. Notably, transgenic overexpression of PKCe in the mouse prostate causes preneoplastic lesions with elevated COX-2 levels. Interestingly, when we intercrossed the prostate-specific PKCe transgenic mice with mice haploinsufficient for Pten, a common genetic alteration in human prostate cancer, the resulting compound mutant mice (PB-PKCe; Pten +/− mice) developed fully invasive adenocarcinoma with NF-κB hyperactivation and high COX-2 levels. Likewise, stable overexpression of PKCe in mouse prostate epithelial cell lines that are either heterozygous (P8) or homozygous (CaP8) for Pten deletion, led to significant enhancements in cell proliferation, motility and invasiveness as well as in LPS-induced COX-2 mRNA expression compared to the respective control cells, and this effect is more pronounced in CaP8 cells. Studies using human prostate tumors revealed a co-existence of PKCe overexpression, NF-κB hyperactivation, and COX-2 up-regulation. Lastly, treatment of PKCe overexpressing P8 or CaP8 cells with the selective COX-2 inhibitor NS398 caused a pronounced growth inhibition. Overall, our study identified COX-2 as a PKCe-regulated gene. Our results suggest that COX-2 as a potential mediator of PKCe oncogenesis in prostate cancer, particularly in the context of Pten loss.

Citation Format: Rachana Garg, Priti Lal, Jorge Blando, Fernando J. Benavides, Michael D. Feldman, Emer M. Smyth, Marcelo G. Kazanietz. COX-2 as a mediator of oncogenic PKCe in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-154. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-154


Outdated systems of care and budget cuts hurt the ability of many states to prevent and control infectious disease outbreaks, including pertussis and human papillomavirus (HPV) in children, according to a new report from Trust for America's Health (TFAH) and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.


Fungicides were applied to potato foliage at row closure (between rows) and at full bloom of primary inflorescences to control Sclerotinia stem rot during replicated trials in 2003, 2004, and 2005. Application at row closure followed labeled recommendations from manufacturers. Incidence of Sclerotinia stem rot did not vary significantly among fungicides when full labeled rates of thiophanate-methyl, fluazinam, and boscalid were applied at full bloom of primary inflorescences. Incidence of Sclerotinia stem rot was significantly less when fungicides thiophanatemethyl, fluazinam, or boscalid were applied to potato foliage at full bloom of primary inflorescences than at row closure or when fungicides were not applied in 2004 and 2005, and when thiophanate-methyl or fluazinam was applied to potato foliage at full bloom of primary inflorescences than at row closure or when fungicides were not applied in 2003. Mean percentage of control for the fungicides combined, relative to the nontreated control, was 43, 48, and 20% in 2003, 2004, and 2005, respectively, when application was made at row closure; whereas, it was 77, 83, and 80% in 2003, 2004, and 2005, respectively, when application was at full bloom of primary inflorescences. Mean disease incidences of infected stem were significantly less when fluazinam was applied at 100% bloom of primary inflorescences than at 20% drop of blossoms from primary inflorescences in 2004 and 2005. In summary, control of Sclerotinia stem rot was significantly better when fungicides were applied at full bloom of primary inflorescences than at row closure during all 3 years of the study.


Abstract.  Expressions for (absolute) moments of generalized hyperbolic and normal inverse Gaussian (NIG) laws are given in terms of moments of the corresponding symmetric laws. For the (absolute) moments centred at the location parameter μ explicit expressions as series containing Bessel functions are provided. Furthermore, the derivatives of the logarithms of absolute μ‐centred moments with respect to the logarithm of time are calculated explicitly for NIG Lévy processes. Computer implementation of the formulae obtained is briefly discussed. Finally, some further insight into the apparent scaling behaviour of NIG Lévy processes is gained.


Article history: Received: 7 FEB, 2019 Accepted: 18 MAR, 2019 Available Online: 22 JUL, 2019 The compound was prepared from (ZnFe2O4) and (CdFe2O4) The process of mixing the ferrite compounds was done according to the formula (CdxZn1-xFe2O4), The resulted compound was (Cd0.7Zn0.3 Fe2O4). The compounds (ZnFe2O4) and (CdFe2O4) were prepared by Co-Precipitation method because this method gives a good homogeneity to the powder particles. XRD and FE-SEM were performed, the results showed that ferrites had a phase-shaped cube and an increase in the concentration of cadmium in the (CdxZn1-x Fe2O4) compound .This result showed an increase in the lattice constant, the rate of crystalline size and the distance between the crystalline surfaces, due to the fact that the ionic radius of the cadmium is greater than the ionic diameter of the zinc, which is (0.83 A°).The images of the electron microscope (FESEM) showed an increase in particle size with an increase of concentration of cadmium ferrite in relation to the compound (CdxZn1-x Fe2O4),The components of the ferrite structures prepared by EDS technique were verified, where the ferrite compound (Cd0.7Zn0.3Fe2O4) mixed with the Neoprene (Chloroprene Rubber) (CR) according to weight ratio of (3,6 g) of ferrite, after the process of forming rubber paste. The VNA was investigated for (8-12 GHz). It was observed that the reflection coefficient was reduced by increasing the fraction of ferrite to (6g) and obtain highly absorbent materials .Where the material behavior varies according to the frequency, as well as the concentration ratio in the ferrite and the quantity of the ferrite with Chloroprene rubber (CR).The Permeability of (Cd0.7Zn0.3Fe2O4) was calculated as a function of frequency.The real part of the amplitude showed the amount of energy from the external electric field stored in the material. DOI.: http://dx.doi.org/10.31257/2018/JKP/2019/110116


I understand clearly why a conservationist becomes subversive. I understand the frustrations that befall professionals and academics and other members of the conservation community who, despite devoting their lives to improving the land, protecting it, and championing its cause, bear witness to a general retreat from the principle of stewardship and individual responsibility for the health of the land. The past decade has been frustrating to all of us, including those who work within the agencies that have been entrusted with delivering conservation to land users and helping to protect our natural resources. As the subversive conservationist states (Nowak 2009), conservation, as reflected in farm bill policy, has shifted from what a farmer or landowner should do to a focus on funding, cost sharing, or some kind of financial support/incentive. Debates at the national level surround the question of what new government program is needed to fill gaps to compensate those responsible for the land and reward them for actions taken for benefits not just to the landowner but society as well. Success in federal policy does seem to be measured by the size of funding authorizations and budgets. I do not blame professional program managers for this trend; government…


An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is described for the detection of E. histolytica immune complexes in serum. Antiamoebic antibody purified by affinity chromatography was used both to precoat strips of nitrocellulose membrane and as an enzyme carrier. These strips were incubated with samples of concentrated test serum and the enzyme conjugate. Following treatment with the peroxidase substrate 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole the presence of E. histolytica antigens was visualized as red spots. Blocking of positive test sera with excess antibodies inhibited this reaction. Serum samples from 47 patients with amoebic liver abscess, 43 patients with other enteric diseases and 35 healthy controls were investigated. The spot test was positive in 75 per cent of patients with amoebic liver abscess, and in 12 per cent diseased controls whereas all the healthy controls were negative. The spot test is simple and sensitive and does not require prior separation of the immune complexes. The test is recommended as an aid to the diagnosis in patients suspected to have amoebic liver abscess.


Extracted from text ... insight
Johannesburg city's 100-year-old Victorian conservatory
- a formerly majestic glass greenhouse or 'hothouse'
located in Joubert Park - is being renovated at
present by the Greenhouse Project (GHP) to the tune
of R3-million, funded by the National Lotteries Board.
While currently going ahead as planned, this process of
renovation has not been without controversy.
The conservatory is sorely in need of repair and renewal, and
without GHP's intervention would have been lost to the city as it
fell into dereliction. Though pipes are rusty, glass panes shattered
and the pulleys that once ventilated the fantastic structure do not
operate, ..


The composition of low-Tg n-butylacrylate-block-(acetoxyaceto)ethyl acrylate block polymers is investigated as a strategy to tune the properties of dynamically cross-linked vinylogous urethane vitrimers. As the proportion of the cross-linkable block is increased, the thermorheological properties, structure, and stress relaxation evolve in ways that cannot be explained by increasing cross-link density alone. Evidence is presented that network connectivity defects such as loops and dangling ends are increased by microphase separation. The thermomechanical and viscoelastic properties of block copolymer-derived vitrimers arise from the subtle interplay of microphase separation and network defects.


The micropropagation possibility for European bedstraw (Galium rubioides L.), a critically endangered species was investigated. Shoots originated from aseptically germinated seeds were used for culture initiation. The multiplication rate per explant was higher on full MS medium. Increasing the concentration of BA in medium had a positive effect on multiplication rates in all subcultures. On MS full medium the highest shoot number was observed with addition of 1,0 μM BA while on half-strength MS medium the highest shoot number was observed when no BA was added. The length of first shoots increased with increasing concentration of BA. The second shoots were significantly shorter. Some shoots incubated on multiplication media rooted spontaneously. Also, in some cultures development of callus tissue was observed. Shoots were successfully rooted on MS medium containing three different kinds of auxins in various concentrations. The best rooting was observed on media supplemented with 2,5 or 4,9 μM IBA. Acclimatization of shoots to outdoor conditions was very succesfull with a surviving rate of 90%.


In many pattern recognition tasks, given some input data and a model, a probabilistic likelihood score is often computed to measure how well the model describes the data. Extended Baum-Welch (EBW) transformations are most commonly used as a discriminative technique for estimating parameters of Gaussian mixtures, though recently they have been used to derive a gradient steepness measurement to evaluate the quality of the model to match the distribution of the data. In this paper, we explore applying the EBW gradient steepness metric in the context of Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) for recognition of broad phonetic classes and present a detailed analysis and results on the use of this gradient metric on the TIMIT corpus. We find that our gradient metric is able to outperform the baseline likelihood method, and offers improvements in noisy conditions.


SARS-CoV-2 has claimed more than 300,000 lives while infecting 4 million individuals worldwide. There are no specific treatments for COVID-19. Symptoms vary from very mild/asymptomatic to severe, including admission to ICU. Strong sex-bias in COVID-19 have been noted with males showing more than double the odds of requiring ICU admission and higher mortality. Reproductive steroids, including estrogens, progesterone and its physiologically-active metabolite, allopregnanolone exert anti-inflammatory actions and influence the immune system. Intriguingly, pregnant women with COVID-19 appear to experience milder symptoms. In some pregnant women escalated symptoms severity is observed immediately postpartum in coincidence with the rapid hormonal drop associated with parturition. This finding suggests that reproductive steroids' anti-inflammatory effects and their role in reshaping competence of immune cells may protect during pregnancy. The hypothesis that estradiol, progesterone may provide a treatment against COVID-19 in men and in postmenopausal women is discussed.


There are suggestions that King Alfred's legendary literary renaissance may have been a reaction to the efforts of the neighbouring kingdom of Mercia. According to Asser, Alfred assembled a group of literary scholars from this rival Mercian tradition at his court. But it is not clear what early literary activities these scholars could have been involved in to justify their pre-Alfredian reputation. This article tries to outline the historical and literary evidence for early Mercian text production, and the importance of this 'other' early literary corpus. What is our current knowledge of Mercian text production and the political and literary relationship of Mercia with Canterbury? What was the relationship of Alfred's educational movement with its Mercian forerunner? Why is modern scholarship better informed about Alfred's movement than any Mercian rival culture? If our current knowledge of this area is insufficient for the writing of a literary history of Mercia, a provisional list of texts and bibliography, published electronically for convenient updating, may prove useful in the meantime.


The diet of Cape fur seals Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus in the eastern portion of their distribution has received little attention previously, and was studied using traditional methods only. In 2013 we therefore assessed the diet of seals at the easternmost colony at Black Rocks, Algoa Bay, South Africa (33°50′ S, 26°16′ E) from both scats and the analysis of stable isotopes in blood, guard hairs and whiskers. Information from both sources indicated that seals at this site are generalist predators feeding on a mix of pelagic (mainly anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus and chokka squid Loligo reynaudii) and benthic species (tonguefish Cynoglossus spp., East Coast sole Austroglossus capensis and horsefish Congiopodus spp.). Stable isotope analysis revealed that the diet of individual females may differ consistently as a result of different individual foraging preferences or strategies. There were no differences in the diet between summer and winter. Furthermore, our results suggest that stable isotopes in three-month-old pups can be used as proxies for the diet of lactating females, using female-to-pup discrimination factors presented here. Future research should consider an extension of this approach to fully resolve ecological partitioning between individual Cape fur seals to better understand their role in ecosystem dynamics.


Simultaneous measurements of the poloidal magnetic field distribution in JET by means of the Faraday and motional Stark effects are reported. The experiments were designed to minimize the errors resulting from a noncircular flux surface geometry and from a limited spatial resolution. Both techniques show that full reconnection of the flux inside the q=1 surface does not occur during a sawtooth collapse


The real raytracing approach leads to an effective solution in the real space domain using a homogenous ray velocity vector. However, it fails to yield solutions for quasi-shear waves, which suffer triplication of the wavefronts. To address this challenging problem, a generalized real ray-tracing method and its new approximations are presented to solve the complex ray equation. The numerical results show that the generalized ray-tracing method is superior to the real ray-tracing method in the presence of triplications of the quasi-shear waves in the computation of ray velocity, ray attenuation, and ray quality factors, as well as the reflection and transmission coefficients in viscoelastic anisotropic media. Based on the assumptions of the real slowness direction and real polarization vectors, two new approximations of the generalized real ray-tracing method are developed for directly computing the homogeneous complex ray velocity vectors of three wave modes (qP, qS1, and qS2). These approximations significantly improve the computational efficiency by avoiding the iterative process required by the generalized real ray-tracing method that is inherited from the real ray-tracing method. The computational accuracies are verified through transversely isotropic models and orthorhombic models with different strengths of attenuation and anisotropy. The incorporation of the new approximation into the shortest-path method turned out to be an efficient and accurate method for seismic ray tracing in heterogeneous viscoelastic and transversely isotropic media with a vertical axis of symmetry, even in the presence of strong attenuation and anisotropy.


An approximate string query is to find from a collection of strings those that are similar to a given query string. Answering such queries is important in many applications such as data cleaning and record linkage, where errors could occur in queries as well as the data. Many existing algorithms have focused on in-memory indexes. In this paper we investigate how to efficiently answer such queries in a disk-based setting, by systematically studying the effects of storing data and indexes on disk. We devise a novel physical layout for an inverted index to answer queries and we study how to construct it with limited buffer space. To answer queries, we develop a cost-based, adaptive algorithm that balances the I/O costs of retrieving candidate matches and accessing inverted lists. Experiments on large, real datasets verify that simply adapting existing algorithms to a disk-based setting does not work well and that our new techniques answer queries efficiently. Further, our solutions significantly outperform a recent tree-based index, BED-tree.


Retinal laser photocoagulation represents a widely used treatment for retinal pathologies such as diabetic chorioretinopathy or diabetic edema. For effective treatment, an appropriate choice of the treatment energy dose is crucial to prevent excessive tissue damage caused by over-irradiation of the retina. In this manuscript we investigate simultaneous and time-resolved optical coherence tomography for its applicability to provide feedback to the ophthalmologist about the introduced retinal damage during laser photocoagulation. Time-resolved and volumetric optical coherence tomography data of 96 lesions on ex-vivo porcine samples, set with a 577 nm laser prototype and irradiance of between 300 and 8800 W=cm2 were analyzed. Time-resolved scans were compared to volumetric scans of the lesion and correlated with ophthalmoscopic visibility. Lastly, image parameters extracted from optical coherence tomography Mscans, suitable for lesion classification were identified. Results presented in this work support the hypothesis that simultaneous optical coherence tomography provides valuable information about the extent of retinal tissue damage and may be used to guide retinal laser photocoagulation in the future.


Temporal logic is a formal system for specifying and reasoning about propositions qualified in terms of time. It offers a unified approach to program verification as it applies to both sequential and parallel programs and provides a uniform framework for describing a system at any level of abstraction. Thus, a number of automated systems have been proposed to exclusively reason about either Computation-Tree Logic (CTL) or Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) in the infinite-state setting. Unfortunately, these logics have significantly reduced expressiveness as they restrict the interplay between temporal operators and path quantifiers, thus disallowing the expression of many practical properties, for example, "along some future an event occurs infinitely often." Contrarily, CTL*, a superset of both CTL and LTL, can facilitate the interplay between path-based and state-based reasoning. CTL* thus exclusively allows for the expressiveness of properties involving existential system stabilization and "possibility" properties. Until now, there have not existed automated systems that allow for the verification of such expressive CTL* properties over infinite-state systems. This article proposes a method capable of such a task, thus introducing the first known fully automated tool for symbolically proving CTL* properties of (infinite-state) integer programs. The method uses an internal encoding that admits reasoning about the subtle interplay between the nesting of temporal operators and path quantifiers that occurs within CTL* proofs. A program transformation is first employed that trades nondeterminism in the transition relation for nondeterminism explicit in variables predicting future outcomes when necessary. We then synthesize and quantify preconditions over the transformed program that represent program states that satisfy a CTL* formula. This article demonstrates the viability of our approach in practice, thus leading to a new class of fully-automated tools capable of proving crucial properties that no tool could previously prove. Additionally, we consider the linear-past extension to CTL* for infinite-state systems in which the past is linear and each moment in time has a unique past. We discuss the practice of this extension and how it is further supported through the use of history variables. We have implemented our approach and report our benchmarks carried out on case studies ranging from smaller programs to demonstrate the expressiveness of CTL* specifications, to larger code bases drawn from device drivers and various industrial examples.


Feedback load in a reliable multicast session is a pressing research issue owing to the risk of a feedback implosion. Synchronous feedback packet arrivals greatly increase this risk. The work that is the subject of this report analysed Negative AcKnowledgement feedback packet arrivals for a reliable multicast session in a generic mobile network, obtaining a probabilistic description of the feedback load variation in time.


Learning takes time, but providing time does not in itself ensure that learning will take place (Carroll, 1963; Stallings & Kaskowitz, 1974; Anderson, 1981; Aronson, Zimmer & Carlos, 1999; Berliner, 1990; Kidder et. al., 1975). We need to examine more closely how students are using time and which conditions maximize student engagement. As schools continue to struggle with meeting state and national standards using traditional educational pedagogies and structures, whole school reforms are often implemented to improve student learning and success. While several studies have attempted to begin this exploration, few, if any, actually ask students about their experiences, perspectives, and attitudes in reformed schools. Yet, student voice is increasingly identified as an essential component of school reform by implementation researchers, constructivists, and critical theorists. This study explores 8 graders' perspectives toward learning in a school which implemented Expanded Learning Time (ELT) Reform, adding 30% more time to the school day, compared with a comparison group of 8 graders in the same school district with a traditional school day. A dominant sequential, or exploratory mixed methods approach, using principal interviews (N=2), student focus groups (N=4), and Time for Learning student survey (N=226), based primarily on scales from the School Success Profile (SSP) (Bowen & Richman, 2008) were utilized to explore students' perspectives on time and learning. Results from the focus groups indicate that students in both schools reported teacher support and peer to peer collaboration opportunities are important. Focus group results also indicate that students in both schools report students' opinions and perspectives are not valued. Students in the ELT school reported more academic relevancy or real world application of the curriculum. Students report wanting more activities and electives which take time, but do not actually want to be in school longer. Multiple Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) results confirmed that students in the ELT school had significantly different perspectives than students in the comparison school. Specifically, students in the ELT school scored significantly higher on the Student Engagement scale of the SSP than students in the comparison school.


Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are considered for novel optoelectronic and quantum photonic devices, such as single photon sources, but methods must be developed to enhance the light extraction and spectral purity, while simultaneously preventing multiphoton emission as well as spectral diffusion and blinking in dielectric environments of a cavity. Here we demonstrate that utilization of nonpolar polystyrene as a cavity dielectric completely removes spectral diffusion and blinking in individual SWCNTs on the millisecond to multisecond time scale, despite the presence of surfactants. With these cavity-embedded SWCNT samples, providing a 50-fold enhanced exciton emission into the far field, we have been able to carry out photophysical studies for the first time with nanosecond timing resolution. We uncovered that fast spectral diffusion processes (1-3 ns) remain that make significant contributions to the spectral purity, thereby limiting the use of SWCNTs in quantum optical applications requiring indistinguishable photons. Measured quantum light signatures reveal pronounced photon antibunching (g(2)(0) = 0.15) accompanied by side-peak bunching signatures indicative of residual blinking on the submicrosecond time scale. The demonstrated enhanced single photon emission from cavity-embedded SWCNTs is promising for applications in quantum key distribution, while the demonstrated passivation effect of polystyrene with respect to the stability of the optical emission opens a novel pathway toward optoelectronic devices with enhanced performance.


This report summarizes the state of the art of membrane techniques for separation of hydrogen from other gases, for application within IGCC-processes fuelled with refinery residuals and biomass. Although the number of hydrogen selective membrane applications is currently still rather limited, research is performed to increase the range of applications. The properties of the flow to be separated are the starting point to select a suitable membrane. For a preliminary choice of a membrane type, the operating temperature ranges can be used, although the feed composition and cost should also be taken into account. Once the membrane is selected, a membrane module can be chosen or designed taking into account considerations such as manufacturability, maintainability, operability, efficiency, membrane deterioration, and costs. Modules can be combined to form stages. By combining multiple stages and adding features, a range of membrane systems can be designed. This versatility greatly adds to the attractiveness of membrane systems.


In this paper, we obtained the three-dimensional Pauli equation for a spin-1/2 particle in the presence of an electromagnetic field in noncommutative phase-space, as well the corresponding deformed continuity equation, where the cases of a constant and non-constant magnetic field are considered. Due to the absence of the current magnetization term in the deformed continuity equation as expected, we had to extract it from the noncommutative Pauli equation itself without modifying the continuity equation. It is shown that the non-constant magnetic field lifts the order of the noncommutativity parameter in both the Pauli equation and the corresponding continuity equation. However, we successfully examined the effect of the noncommutativity on the current density and the magnetization current. By using a classical treatment, we derived the semi-classical noncommutative partition function of the three-dimensional Pauli system of the one-particle and N-particle systems. Then, we employed it for calculating the corresponding Helmholtz free energy followed by the magnetization and the magnetic susceptibility of electrons in both commutative and noncommutative phase-spaces. Knowing that with both the three-dimensional Bopp-Shift transformation and the Moyal-Weyl product, we introduced the phase-space noncommutativity in the problems in question.


Mass Spectrometry (MS) has emerged as an indispensable tool for the analysis of biomolecules due to its sensitivity, versatility and ease of applicability to complex samples. Nevertheless, the analysis of free oligosaccharides and protein bound sugars in secretions such as milk poses certain challenges. In this review, the benefits and limitations of different sample preparation approaches for the mass spectrometric analysis of free oligosaccharides and glycoproteins are discussed. Appropriate sample preparation is the first crucial step for successful mass spectrometric analysis. Different MS techniques and instrument combinations already successfully applied to the analysis of milk oligosaccharides are also introduced. Available tandem and MSn applications for the differentiation of structural isomers are described and their limitations discussed. This review is intended to give an overview on the available MS methodology and technology available for analysing various kinds of oligosaccharides in milk.