Site-specific land management practice taking into account variability in maize yield gaps (the difference between yields in the 90th percentiles and other yields on smallholder farmers' fields) could improve resource use efficiency and enhance yields. However, the applicability of the practice is constrained by inability to identify patterns of resource utilization to target application of resources to more responsive fields. The study focus was to map yield gaps on smallholder fields based on identified spatial arrangements differentiated by distance from the smallholder homestead and understand field-specific utilization of production factors. This was aimed at understanding field variability based on yield gap mapping patterns in order to enhance resource use efficiency on smallholder farms. The study was done in two villages, Mukuyu and Shikomoli, with high and low agroecology regarding soil fertility in Western Kenya. Identification of spatial arrangements at 40 m, 80 m, 150 m and 300 m distance from the homestead on smallholder farms for 70 households was done. The spatial arrangements were then classified into near house, mid farm and far farm basing on distance from the homestead. For each spatial arrangement, Landsat sensors acquired via satellite imagery were processed to generate yield gap maps. The focal statistics analysis method using the neighborhoods function was then applied to generate yield gap maps at the different spatial arrangements identified above. Socio-economic, management and biophysical factors were determined, and maize yields estimated at each spatial arrangement. Heterogeneous patterns of high, average and low yield gaps were found in spatial arrangements at the 40 m and 80 m distances. Nearly homogenous patterns tending towards median yield gap values were found in spatial arrangements that were located at the 150 m and 300 m. These patterns correspondingly depicted field-specific utilization of management and socio-economic factors. Field level management practices and socio-economic factors such as application of inorganic fertilizer, high frequency of weed control, early land preparation, high proportion of hired and family labor use and allocation of large land sizes were utilized in spatial arrangements at 150 and 300 m distances. High proportions of organic fertilizer and family labor use were utilized in spatial arrangements at 40 and 80 m distances. The findings thus show that smallholder farmers preferentially manage the application of socio-economic and management factors in spatial arrangements further from the homestead compared to fields closer to the homestead which could be exacerbating maize yield gaps. Delineating management zones based on yield gap patterns at the different spatial arrangements on smallholder farms could contribute to site-specific land management and enhance yields. Investigating the value smallholder farmers attach to each spatial arrangement is further needed to enhance the spatial understanding of yield gap variation on smallholder farms.


Chronic drinking leads to myocardial contractile dysfunction where ethanol metabolism plays an essential role. Acetaldehyde, the main ethanol metabolite, mediates alcohol-induced cell injury although the underlying mechanism is still elusive. This study was designed to examine the mechanism involved in accelerated ethanol metabolism-induced cardiac defect with a focus on autophagy. Wild-type FVB and cardiac-specific overexpression of alcohol dehydrogenase mice were placed on a 4% nutrition-balanced alcohol diet for 8 weeks. Myocardial histology, immunohistochemistry, autophagy markers and signal molecules were examined. Expression of micro RNA miR-30a, a potential target of Beclin 1, was evaluated by real-time PCR. Chronic alcohol intake led to cardiac acetaldehyde accumulation, hypertrophy and overt autophagosome accumulation (LC3-II and Atg7), the effect of which was accentuated by ADH. Signaling molecules governing autophagy initiation including class III PtdIns3K, phosphorylation of mTOR and p70S6K were enhanced and dampened, respectively, following alcohol intake. These alcohol-induced signaling responses were augmented by ADH. ADH accentuated or unmasked alcohol-induced downregulation of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and MiR-30a. Interestingly, ADH aggravated alcohol-induced p62 accumulation. Autophagy inhibition using 3-MA abolished alcohol-induced cardiomyocyte contractile anomalies. Moreover, acetaldehyde led to cardiomyocyte contractile dysfunction and autophagy induction, which was ablated by 3-MA. Ethanol or acetaldehyde increased GFP-LC3 puncta in H9c2 cells, the effect of which was ablated by 3-MA but unaffected by lysosomal inhibition using bafilomycin A1, E64D and pepstatin A. In summary, these data suggested that facilitated acetaldehyde production via ADH following alcohol intake triggered cardiac autophagosome formation along with impaired lysosomal degradation, en route to myocardial defect.


Objective: To establish any changes up to the second postoperative month in pain, disability, performance, kinesiophobia, and lower extremity motor coordination of patients operated on for lumbar disc hernia. Methods: Forty-five patients with lumbar disc hernia were included in the study preoperatively, and were followed up until the second postoperative month. Pain and disability, walking and stair-climbing performances, and kinesiophobia were measured; and motor coordination tests were practiced with the Lower Extremity MOtor COordination Test (LEMOCOT). Results: The worst scores of pain, disability, performance, kinesiophobia, and LEMOCOT measurements were in the preoperative period; while the best ones were observed in the 2 months following the surgery. Conclusion: The measurements of pain, disability, performance, kinesiophobia, and lower extremity coordination usually performed in the cases operated on with a diagnosis of lumbar disc hernia are significantly affected from the initial period until t...


Pressure measurements have long been vital to evaluating fracture interactions and well performance in both conventional and unconventional formations. Pressure responses during stimulation can be used to evaluate characteristics such as fracture geometry and net pressure. Dynamic pressure changes which occur during drawdown, both near wellbore and far-field, provide insight into the effective geometry being drained and how it evolves over time.
 The combination of horizontal wells and hydraulic stimulation have been key in unlocking vast unconventional resources across North America and beyond, but there is still much left to understand regarding how the reservoir is drained across the miles of laterals accessing the resource. The density of pressure gauges required to accurately measure the drainage pattern from a horizontal multi-stage stimulation is currently not realistic economically or technologically. In this case study, the authors will describe a method of monitoring the drainage profile of a horizontal multi-stage stimulation using optical fiber.
 Optical fiber was installed on an observation lateral in combination with six reservoir-sensing pressure gauges as part of the Hydraulic Fracture Test Site I, Phase 3 in the Eagle Ford, funded by the Department of Energy (DOE). The lateral observation well was positioned approximately 225 feet away from the nearest stimulated and producing horizontal well. Using Raleigh Frequency Shift Distributed Strain Sensing (RFS-DSS), the strain change was measured in the far-field as the offset well was stimulated and first produced. RFS-DSS provides a spatial resolution of 20 cm, allowing for the monitoring of strain changes much smaller than we can accurately sense with Low Frequency Distributed Acoustic Sensing (LF-DAS) (Ugento et al., 2019). The strain change measured during the offset fracturing strongly correlates to the strain change measured during the production period.
 The combination of RFS-DSS and six externally sensing pressure gauges provided a strong correlation between the total strain change and total pressure drawdown, where gauges positioned in regions of large negative strain change interpreted as drawdown showed large pressure declines and gauges in areas of small strain change saw small pressure declines. The correlation was applied to the total length of strain change, including areas without pressure gauges, to generate an estimated pressure profile for the entire length of the optical fiber.
 This is the first attempt known to the authors where RFS-DSS monitored during production in a far-field observation well was translated to an estimated pressure profile. The technique will continue to be evaluated, trialed, and improved upon as additional data is collected from the pilot.


The SET (Syntactic Engineering Tool) project aims to develop a
new approach to syntactic analysis of the natural languages.
The new method is based on pattern matching linking rules. SET
can be viewed as a tool for fast and efficient automatic
syntactic analysis of the Czech language and for development of
rule-based formalisms for syntactic analysis of natural
languages. The included formalisms are based on detection of
important items in the input sentence and incremental
segmentation of the sentence.


Context. The discovery of clear criteria that can deterministically describe the eruptive state of a solar active region would lead to major improvements on space weather predictions. / Aims. Using series of numerical simulations of the emergence of a magnetic flux rope in a magnetized coronal, leading either to eruptions or to stable configurations, we test several global scalar quantities for the ability to discriminate between the eruptive and the non-eruptive simulations. / Methods. From the magnetic field generated by the three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical simulations, we compute and analyze the evolution of the magnetic flux, of the magnetic energy and its decomposition into potential and free energies, and of the relative magnetic helicity and its decomposition. / Results. Unlike the magnetic flux and magnetic energies, magnetic helicities are able to markedly distinguish the eruptive from the non-eruptive simulations. We find that the ratio of the magnetic helicity of the current-carrying magnetic field to the total relative helicity presents the highest values for the eruptive simulations, in the pre-eruptive phase only. We observe that the eruptive simulations do not possess the highest value of total magnetic helicity. / Conclusions. In the framework of our numerical study, the magnetic energies and the total relative helicity do not correspond to good eruptivity proxies. Our study highlights that the ratio of magnetic helicities diagnoses very clearly the eruptive potential of our parametric simulations. Our study shows that magnetic-helicity-based quantities may be very efficient for the prediction of solar eruptions.


Evaluation of drugs proposed for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis is difficult. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued guidelines for the clinical investigation of drugs in this class. Estrogen has been approved for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Administration of estrogen requires careful assessment of the risks and benefits for the individual patient. The smallest effective dose should be used. There are both potential risks and benefits for the concommitant administration of a progestin. Calcitonin has also been approved; however, the need for parenteral administration, the problem of antibody formation, and expense may limit the usefulness of the currently marketed preparations. Calcium has been recommended, but because it is considered a food supplement it has not been submitted to FDA for evaluation of its safety and efficacy as a drug in the treatment of osteoporosis. Other drugs under investigation include anabolic steroids, fluorides, vitamin D substances, biphosphonates, parathyroid hormone, and thiazides.


BACKGROUND
Complaints possibly caused by arrhythmias are frequently seen in general practice. It is unclear to what extent such complaints can differentiate between arrhythmias and other pathology in general practice.

OBJECTIVES
We aimed to assess the value of symptoms (a) in diagnosing arrhythmias in general practice and (b) in identifying patients with clinically relevant arrhythmias.

METHOD
During a 2-year period, a structured history from 762 patients with new complaints possibly related to an arrhythmia was taken by the GP, and a transtelephonic electrocardiogram (ECG) was made.

RESULTS
In 28.3% of the patients, arrhythmias were detected and 8.8% were clinically relevant. Several patient characteristics, symptoms and medical history findings have high predictive values in diagnosing arrhythmias. In the logistic regression analysis, age and, to a lesser extent, male gender, palpitations and dyspnoea during consultation and the use of cardiovascular drugs are associated with the presence of arrhythmias. In detecting clinically relevant arrhythmias the same parameters apart from gender are important, as well as a history of arrhythmias. The use of central nervous system medication and frequent psychosomatic complaints are negatively associated with the presence of clinically relevant arrhythmias.

CONCLUSIONS
In general practice, patient characteristics, symptoms and medical history findings can be used in the detection of arrhythmias and the assessment of their severity. They can help in the decision of whether to make an ECG recording.


This paper proposes a novel dual airflow window for use in residential buildings that tempers outdoor air with exhausted indoor air. The energy needed to condition outdoor air is reduced because of the counterflow heat exchange between the two flow streams. Experimentally validated computational fluid dynamics simulations have been used to optimize the window design and to estimate the benefits of the window system. The results show that a small flow rate of 10 L/s and a small cavity width of 9 mm result in the best window performance. The heat recovery efficiency of the window varies from 20% to 56% under the conditions studied in this paper. Within this range, the utilization of trapped solar energy can account for up to a 20% improvement in efficiency during winter conditions. The performance of the dual window is better than that of the existing single airflow window. Although the study shows risk of condensation under humid conditions, the dual airflow window has a great potential for conserving energy and improving indoor air quality


Nursing documentation can be used as legal evidence if there are lawsuits. Therefore, nursing documentation must be done systematically and continuously.  The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of in-house training about nursing care documentation to the accuracy of documenting nursing care at X hospital. This study was a quasi-experimental study with one group post-test design. The population of nurses at X hospital. The respondents were nurses that were randomly selected from all wards at X hospital. The ANOVA test was used for data analysis. The results of this study stated that there was a significant influence of in-house training on the accuracy of documentation of nursing care, with p-value = 0.000 < 0.05. In conclusion, the findings highlight that continuous training in nursing care process will be able to improve the quality of nursing care documentation. However, it is recommended to conduct an ongoing evaluation.


OBJECTIVE
To determine whether colonisation with genital Mycoplasma species (spp.) in patients presenting with a shortened cervix before 34th week of pregnancy is associated with preterm birth.

METHODS
The collection of this retrospective study consisted of 100 pregnant women who presented to a German Tertiary Perinatal Center between 2017 and 2020 due to a shortened cervix defined as a cervical length of 25 mm or shorter measured by transvaginal ultrasound before 34 weeks of gestation. At the time of admission, gestational age ranged from 18 + 4 to 33 + 3 weeks (+ days) of pregnancy. All patients underwent urine polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for genital Mycoplasma [Ureaplasma (U.) urealyticum, U. parvum, M. hominis or M. genitalium]. Patients who were tested positive underwent a therapy with macrolides (azithromycin or clarithromycin).

RESULTS
37% of the patients were positive for Ureaplasma spp., whereas 5% (5 patients) were Mycoplasma spp.-positive. All the latter were simultaneously colonised with Ureaplasma spp. Ureaplasma-positive patients were significantly younger than those who were tested negative. Median maternal age at examination was 30 years (a) versus 31a (p = 0.04). There was no difference between Ureaplasma-positive and -negative patients regarding median maternal body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) (23.4 versus 22.3, p = 0.41), cervical length at admission (mm) (15 versus 17, p = 0.17), gestational age at examination (days, d) (198 versus 197, p = 0.97) or gestational age at birth (d) (250 versus 257, p = 0.33), respectively. Comparing U. parvum-positive and U. urealyticum-positive patients, there was some weak indication that U. parvum-positive patients may get a shortening of the cervix earlier in pregnancy, as the median gestational age at examination was 196d versus 215d (p = 0.06). Regarding Mycoplasma-positive and -negative patients, there was no difference in all examined parameters.

CONCLUSIONS
Overall, one-third of all women in our study with a shortened cervix before 34th week of pregnancy were colonised with genital Mycoplasma spp. We were able to show that pregnant women, who were treated with antibiotics when tested positive for genital Mycoplasma, gave birth at the same gestational age as patients with a shortened cervix without detected Mycoplasma. This raises the question of whether routine testing and early antibiotic treatment should be established in prenatal care.


This paper proposes a novel machine learning approaches to predict the outcome of facial rejuvenation prior to a cosmetic procedure. This is achieved by estimating the required amount of dermal filler volume that needs to be applied on the face by learning the underlying structural mapping from the pretreatment and posttreatment 3D face images. We develop and train our proposed deep neural network, called Rejuv3DNet, designed specifically to predict the dermal filler volume. We also propose the kernel regression (KR)-based model to validate and improve our volume estimation results using regression. Our other contributions include the development of the first 3D face cosmetic dataset, which consists of real-world pretreatment and posttreatment 3D face images and a novel technique for the generation of synthetic cosmetic treatment 3D face images. Our experimental results show that the proposed Rejuv3DNet and the KR model achieve 62.5% and 66.67%, respectively, on real-world data, while these techniques achieve a prediction accuracy of 75.2% and 89.5%, and 77.2% and 90.1% on our two different synthetic datasets. Our proposed techniques have been found to be computationally efficient, achieving near real-time prediction performance. The reported accuracies are our preliminary results for proof of concept, which can be improved with more data. The proposed approach has the potential for further investigation in the cosmetic surgery domain.


Abstract While considering the importance of the interface between amputees and prosthesis sockets, we study an anthropomorphic prosthesis socket whose size can be dynamically changed according to the requirements of the residual limb. First, we introduce the structure and function of the anthropomorphic prosthesis socket. Second, we study the dynamic model of the prosthesis system and analyze the dynamic characteristics of the prosthesis socket system, the inputs of an oscillometric pump, and the control mechanism of force-sensitive resistor (FSR) pressure signals. Experiments on 10 healthy subjects using the designed system yield an average detection result between 102 and 112 kPa for the FSR pressure sensor and 39 and 41 kPa for the oscillometric pump. Results show the function of the FSR pressure signal in maintaining the contact pressure between the sockets and the residual limb. The potential development of an auto-adjusted socket that uses an oscillometric pump system will provide prosthetic sockets with controllable contact pressure at the residual limb. Moreover, this development is an attractive research area for researchers involved in rehabilitation engineering, prosthetics, and orthotics.


The development of compounds able to modify biological functions largely took advantage of parallel synthesis to generate a broad chemical variance of compounds to be tested for the desired effect(s). The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a model for pharmacological studies since a long time as it represents a relatively simple system to explore the relations among chemical variance and bioactivity. To identify relations between the chemical features of the molecules and their activity, we delved into the effects of a library of small compounds on the viability of a set of S. cerevisiae strains. Thanks to the high degree of chemical diversity of the tested compounds and to the measured effect on the yeast growth rate, we were able to scale-down the chemical library and to gain information on the most effective structures at the substituent level. Our results represent a valuable source for the selection, rational design, and optimization of bioactive compounds.


The reflections we present in this article were inspired by discussions that ensued arounda panel conceptualised as one of four cornerstone panels of the conference 'DiverseDirections in German Studies', the inaugural conference of the German Studies Association of Australia (GSAA) in 2003. The conference intended to promote thediscussion of issues concerning the cultural determination and socio-political context ofthe discipline of German Studies in Australia. The second intention was to foster discus -sion about Australian German Studies and its interaction with German Studies in othercountries, its self-definition, and new directions in its continuing evolution with respect to both teaching and research. Within this brief, the panel 'Gender and German Studies'was convened with twofold intention. On the one hand, it resulted from a perceived needto reflect on the relationship between gender and German Studies and to assert thecontinuing relevance of gender within the changing discipline. On the other hand and inconsonance with the conference as a whole, it sought to present an interplay of multi -lateral perspectives and thus to overcome the usual bi-lateral Australia/Germany andUS/Germany axes.1The conference discussion following the panel moved into broaderranging questions of how German Studies views itself and its further devel opment inAustralia, Germany and the United States. Aside from the key points of contemporary feminist debates such as the sex/gender distinction and the significance of Judith Butler,it addressed links between Gender and Cultural Studes and the place of literary studieswithin German Studies. The engaged and passionate presentations of the speakers(Ortrud Gutjahr (Universitat Hamburg), Sara Lennox (University of Massa chusetts) andAlison Lewis (University of Melbourne)) demonstrated emphatically that in Australia as elsewhere, engagement with perspectives and methods inspired by a feminist inflected gender analysis runs in tandem with an intellectual activist interest in the shaping of German Studies.2


BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and Angelman syndrome (AS) are associated with distinct phenotypes that include mental retardation. Both PWS and AS are caused by loss of function of genes located in chromosome 15q11-q13, an area subject to genomic imprinting. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR), based on parent of origin specific DNA methylation at the promoter region of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N gene (SNRPN), can provide accurate and rapid diagnosis for nearly all PWS patients while it is less accurate for AS patients. We report the development of a referral system for molecular diagnosis of PWS and AS based on M-PCR.

METHODS
Pediatric geneticists, psychiatrists, or neurologists were asked to evaluate phenotypes of patients with PWS or AS and complete a questionnaire designed according to the consensus criteria to diagnose these conditions. Molecular analysis based on M-PCR was performed for patients with a score of at least two.

RESULTS
A total of 108 patients with suspected PWS and 20 patients with suspected AS were referred for diagnostic testing. PWS was diagnosed in 26 of these patients and AS in two. Among the major diagnostic criteria for PWS, excessive weight gain, developmental delay, and hyperphagia were more prevalent in older patients (> or = 1 yr) than in younger patients. Cerebral hypotonia and developmental delay were significantly more prevalent in older PWS patients than in non-PWS patients.

CONCLUSION
M-PCR is a cost-effective method for the diagnosis of PWS and AS. The limitations of current scoring systems and the low cost of M-PCR suggest that routine molecular screening is justified for patients suspected of having PWS.


Fiber-optic sensors are widely used for displacement and vibration measurements in mechatronic systems. Sensors can be of very small size and operate in blast danger conditions and strong electromagnetic interference environment. In this work modeling and experimental investigation of the characteristics U-h of fiber-optic sensor of displacement have been accomplished with a view to obtain the maximal sensitivity in the displacement and vibration measurements. The modeling and experimental results were perfectly coincidental, therefore the limit sensitivity of sensors can be predicted by modeling. Configurations of non-contact fiber optic sensors of the maximal possible sensitivity have been found, the metrological parameters of which do not depend either on the degradation of the light source, intensity or on the elements used in the mechatronics system measurements as well as on the value of the mirror reflection coefficient and changes with the aging process. All that increases the reliability of mechatronics system monitoring, which is of utmost importance for their exploitation.


We apply a novel non-equilibrium Green's function method for open quantum devices to analyze quantum cascade lasers. We find the carrier distribution in typical resonant phonon THz-QCLs to develop a periodicity that differs from the geometric periodicity of the QCL. We propose a design improvement that thermalizes electrons at threshold bias and thereby pins the electron density to the QCL periodicity.


The interannual variability of tropical lower stratosphere ozone and its connections to sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific are examined using a combination of chemistry climate model simulations, satellite observations, and reanalyses. The model simulations and observations show large differences in the magnitude of interannual variability in ozone between northern tropic (NT; EQ‐18° N) and southern tropic (EQ‐18° S) during boreal summer but small differences in winter. The interannual variability during boreal summer is highly correlated with summer sea surface temperatures in the eastern and central Pacific Ocean and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. Larger variability in NT ozone is primarily due to meridional advection, connected to the changes in the onset date and strength of the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone. The Asian summer monsoon anticyclone forms earlier in a season and tends to be stronger during cold (La Niña) events leading to more isentropic transport of ozone from the extratropics into the NT, with the reverse for warm (El Niño) events.


【Objectives : The purpose of this study is to explore the antitumor mechanism and effects of tetrodotoxin through a literature review of experimental and clinical studies. Methods : Medical databases, including The Cochrane Library, Pubmed, NDSL, RISS4u and National Assembly Library, were searched for relevant articles published from January 1, 2000 to October 31, 2014 using the keywords 'tetrodotoxin', 'cancer' and 'tumor'. The results were classified into experimental studies(in vitro and in vivo) and clinical studies. Analysis of the results was conducted on several research areas including the mechanism, antitumor effect and adverse effects of tetrodotoxin(TTX). Results : A total of 34 experimental studies(32 in vitro and 2 in vivo) and 3 clinical studies were found in the search. Most of the experimental studies suggested blocking of voltage-gated sodium channels in metastasis of tumor cells as the main antitumor mechanism of TTX. The most common type of cancers mentioned in the experimental studies were prostate and breast cancer. All of the clinical studies were on the application of TTX on moderate to severe cancer-related pain. No adverse effects of TTX were reported in in vivo studies but mild to moderate adverse events were reported in clinical studies. Conclusions : The results show that tetrodotoxin, which is the main component of Tetraodontidae(commonly known as pufferfish) poison, could be clinically used for antitumor therapy. However, further studies should be conducted on its safety.】


Correns and Lippmann have extended the work carried out in England on swelling chlorites by some investigations on Keuper clays. Dietzel has succeeded in showing that the infrared absorption band of kaolinite at 2.7 μ has two peaks which can be correlated with two different kinds of (OH) groups in the structure. The "fire-clay" type of clay mineral has been found in Grossalmeroder clay by Lippmann and in Frantex clay from Provins by von Engelhardt. In Frantex clay especially the layer sequence is highly disordered. Halloysite is distinguished from these minerals by its greater layer spacing and metahalloysite by its tubular morphology. Winkler has studied the particle size distribution of numerous brick clays and has established that the mineral must have a certain proportion of fine and coarse clay and fine sand, but also a very smooth particle size distribution curve from the finest to the coarsest particles if the clay is to be suitable for thin-walled ware. The clay mineral section of the Deutsche Keramische Gesellschaft tested various methods for quantitative clay mineral analysis. More than 20 laboratories used the following methods: x-ray analysis, dilatometer analysis, D.T.A., dehydration curves, microscopic analysis, and the determination of free silica by solution in phosphoric acid. By the investigation of mixtures made up of the purest quartz, feldspar, halloysite, illite, kaolinite, montmorillonite and "fire-clay" mineral, the correct values were found for the most part within a few percent. In the investigation of natural clays, greater differences were found, amounting to as much as 10 percent. Von Engelhardt especially investigated the errors arising with Geiger counter x-ray equipment.


With improved radiologic detection and monitoring of prolactinomas, the management has shifted away from surgery toward a more conservative approach and medical management. The natural course of a microadenoma appears to be that of a non-progression, and for asymptomatic patients serial radiologic monitoring for growth may be a safe form of management. For symptomatic women, medical management remains the primary mode of therapy. Although bromocriptine remains the most widely used dopamine agonist, its side effects and short half-life have led to the development of newer agonists with better tolerance and similar or superior efficacy. Patients who tolerate oral bromocriptine poorly may find the medication more acceptable when administered either parenterally as with Parlodel LA (Sandoz, Basel, Switzerland), or vaginally. Different medications that have similar efficacy and tolerance to bromocriptine such as pergolide or carbergoline may also represent alternatives, as intolerance to one ergot agonist does not necessarily imply intolerance to another. CV-205–502 (Sandoz), a promising and new long-acting nonergot derivative, appears to be safe, effective, and very well tolerated.


Carbon, the first element in Group 4A, is a nonmetal and has 1s2 2s22p2 electronic configuration, in which four valence electrons allow it to form a number of hybridized atomic orbitals. Therefore, carbon atoms in the elemental substances bonds to each other covalently by the sharing of electron pairs, in which the covalent bonds have directional properties. This in turn provides carbon capability to adapt into various molecular and crystalline structures. The natures of these bonds underlie the varied chemical properties and physical properties of the carbon allotropes. Pure carbon-based materials are not only diamonds (as shown in Figure1.1a), and graphite (Figure 1.1b) but also fullerenes (Figure 1.1c), carbon nanotubes (CNT) (see Figure 1.2), and amorphous carbon. These allotropes have been considered some of the most important materials in nanotechnology. The unique properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes originate from their distinctive structure, which is composed of C-C bonds more closely related to that in graphite rather than in diamond. specifically, despite the fact that diamond has a coordination number of four with sp3 hybridization, the sp2 hybridization in graphite links carbon atoms in a twodimensional (2D) layer of hexagons that lead to each layer in graphite being a planar structure in the ideal cases. In the latter case, each carbon atom contributes three electrons to the sigma bonds within the plane and has one electron left in the pz orbitals. These pz obitals cooperatively allow the electron to delocalize over the entire plane, giving rise to a molecular orbital that is perpendicular to the plane of graphene, which allows the fourth valence electron in carbon atoms to move freely on the plane. Within the layers, the carboncarbon bond distance is similar to the bond length in benzene (the carbon atoms are strongly bound to each other and carbon-carbon distance is about 0.14 nm), leading to a very large inplane value for Young's modulus. The distance between layers (about 0.34 nm) is too large to permit significant orbital overlap; layers are bounded to each other mainly by weak longrange Van der Waals type interactions. The weak interlayer coupling gives graphite the


Increasingly students from the affluent countries are going abroad as part of their "educational experience." Although students see these experiences as invaluable and believe that they have learned a lot, the anthropological literature suggests the opposite; that travel abroad has a greater impact on the hosts than on the visitors and that indeed travel abroad, far from leading to students becoming more open-minded or learning about the other, can reinforce their stereotypes. The standards in anthropology teach humility and the ability to learn from those in the host country. This short book can be read pre-departure and while abroad to provide the reader the practical and philosophical tools needed to create an enriched and mind-broadening experience.


Feedback-directed optimization is becoming more and more important in modern execution environments. On one hand modern CPUs impose additional difficulties for the compiler to generate efficient code: Features like multi-core and complex cache architectures make things even harder for the compiler. On the other hand, modern programming languages are often not well suited for classic compiler optimizations (due to dynamic class loading, polymorphism, etc.). JIT compilation with feedback-guided optimization can provide significant benefits for such programs since the compiler/runtime is able to adapt to the running program and does not require complex static analysis like in an ahead-of-time compiler. Programming languages like Java or C# make intensive use of references and generally deal with a large number of small objects. As a result, data access pattern are often irregular and difficult (if not impossible) to analyze statically. This thesis focuses on how to gather feedback provided from the hardware platform via hardware performance monitors (HPM) and use it for program optimizations in a managed runtime for Java programs. We present HPM information as another source of feedback – in addition to traditional profile-guided optimization. We work in a dynamic compilation environment and all optimizations are done as the program runs. When doing online optimizations the runtime overhead of performance monitoring is of special importance. We look at what kind of information is available and useful for optimizations. We discuss the different problems and challenges that come with collecting HPM information. The information has to be precise and unbiased. Different hardware platforms offer different ways of obtaining HPM information. We look at two platforms in more detail: the P4 (IA-32) and the Itanium Montecito (IPF) processor Since the HPM data collection runs concurrently with the application it should have a very low execution time overhead. Our solutions adaptively adjusts the sampling period for event sampling to limit the amount of data that has to be processed by the JVM. We present a solution to efficiently collect HPM information in an online setting with a consistently small overhead of less than 1% on average. The raw HPM information has to be mapped back to the source program to be useful for performance analysis or compiler optimizations. We extended an existing JVM to generate the meta-information necessary to perform this mapping similar to a symbolic debugger. Detailed instruction-level information is required to achieve a reliable mapping.


Background Heart failure is common in patients with chronic kidney disease. We studied risk factors for incident heart failure among 3557 participants in the CRIC (Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort) Study. Methods and Results Kidney function was assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using serum creatinine, cystatin C, or both, and 24‐hour urine albumin excretion. During an average of 6.3 years of follow‐up, 452 participants developed incident heart failure. After adjustment for age, sex, race, and clinical site, hazard ratio (95% CI) for heart failure associated with 1 SD lower creatinine‐based eGFR was 1.67 (1.49, 1.89), 1 SD lower cystatin C‐based‐eGFR was 2.43 (2.10, 2.80), and 1 SD higher log‐albuminuria was 1.65 (1.53, 1.78), all P<0.001. When all 3 kidney function measures were simultaneously included in the model, lower cystatin C‐based eGFR and higher log‐albuminuria remained significantly and directly associated with incidence of heart failure. After adjusting for eGFR, albuminuria, and other traditional cardiovascular risk factors, anemia (1.37, 95% CI 1.09, 1.72, P=0.006), insulin resistance (1.16, 95% CI 1.04, 1.28, P=0.006), hemoglobin A1c (1.27, 95% CI 1.14, 1.41, P<0.001), interleukin‐6 (1.15, 95% CI 1.05, 1.25, P=0.002), and tumor necrosis factor‐α (1.10, 95% CI 1.00, 1.21, P=0.05) were all significantly and directly associated with incidence of heart failure. Conclusions Our study indicates that cystatin C‐based eGFR and albuminuria are better predictors for risk of heart failure compared to creatinine‐based eGFR. Furthermore, anemia, insulin resistance, inflammation, and poor glycemic control are independent risk factors for the development of heart failure among patients with chronic kidney disease.


Polynomials have played a fundamental role in the construction of objects with interesting combinatorial properties, such as error correcting codes, pseudorandom generators and randomness extractors. Somewhat strikingly, polynomials have also been found to be a powerful tool in the analysis of combinatorial parameters of objects that have some algebraic structure. This method of analysis has found applications in works on list-decoding of error correcting codes, constructions of randomness extractors, and in obtaining strong bounds for the size of Kakeya Sets. Remarkably, all these applications have relied on very simple and elementary properties of polynomials such as the sparsity of the zero sets of low degree polynomials. In this thesis we improve on several of the results mentioned above by a more powerful application of polynomials that takes into account the information contained in the derivatives of the polynomials. We call this technique the method of multiplicities. The derivative polynomials encode information about the high multiplicity zeroes of the original polynomial, and by taking into account this information, we are about to meaningfully reason about the zero sets of polynomials of degree much higher than the underlying field size. This freedom of using high degree polynomials allows us to obtain new and improved constructions of error correcting codes, and qualitatively improved analyses of Kakeya sets and randomness extractors. Thesis Supervisor: Madhu Sudan Title: Professor


In this study, unsteady flow simulations using a large-eddy simulation are conducted to analyze vehicle aerodynamics. The objective is to investigate flow structures that cause unsteady lift fluctuations potentially affecting the drivability of a vehicle. In addition, the dependence on the yaw angle of the incoming flow yaw angle is studied. The target model is a sedan-type vehicle that includes a complex underbody geometry and engine compartment. The model is based on production CAD drawings. The yaw angle of the incoming flow is set to 0°, 3°, and 5°. The simulation results are analyzed by several post-processing methods, such as root-mean-square of the transient pressure field, power spectral density of the lift force, and dynamic mode decomposition method to extract the flow features associated with the unsteady lift fluctuation. It is concluded that the aerodynamic fluctuation that may affect a vehicle's vertical stability is concentrated on the rear tire and bumper area. In addition, when the yaw angle of the incoming flow increases, the fluctuation of the lift and the disturbance of flow structures are enhanced.


Quantification of the spatiotemporal pattern of soil respiration (R(s)) at the regional scale can provide a theoretical basis and fundamental data for accurate evaluation of the global carbon budget. This study summarizes the R(s) data measured in China from 1995 to 2004. Based on the data, a new region-scale geostatistical model of soil respiration (GSMSR) was developed by modifying a global scale statistical model. The GSMSR model, which is driven by monthly air temperature, monthly precipitation, and soil organic carbon (SOC) density, can capture 64% of the spatiotemporal variability of soil R(s). We evaluated the spatiotemporal pattern of R(s) in China using the GSMSR model. The estimated results demonstrate that the annual R(s) in China ranged from 3.77 to 4.00 Pg C yr(-1) between 1995 and 2004, with an average value of 3.84 +/- 0.07 Pg C yr(-1), contributing 3.92%-4.87% to the global soil CO(2) emission. Annual R(s) rate of evergreen broadleaved forest ecosystem was 698 +/- 11 g C m(-2) yr(-1), significantly higher than that of grassland (439 +/- 7 g C m(-2) yr(-1)) and cropland (555 +/- 12 g C m(-2) yr(-1)). The contributions of grassland, cropland, and forestland ecosystems to the total R(s) in China were 48.38 +/- 0.35%, 22.19 +/- 0.18%, and 20.84 +/- 0.13%, respectively.


Forecasters are often confronted with exogenous development scenarios based upon assumed or expected growth and asked to force their models to conform to these expectations. The scope of this tension is not limited to land use models, but also extends to public transit ridership as well as toll traffic and revenue forecasting. Faced with this challenge, they may either deny the validity of the externally generated development "vision" and fight for the use of their model, or abandon the model fully or partially, in some cases "dumbing down" or simplifying the logic substantially. The authors propose a "third way" solution to this problem based upon shadow pricing. A shadow pricing algorithm can be used to measure the difference between a purely market-driven forecast and one or more scenario visions defined by stakeholders; quantifying the amount of policy intervention required to achieve a certain level of development, ridership, or traffic, which can then be used as an economic performance measure in the scenario analysis portion of a performance-based planning process. This algorithm may be applied with any model that has properties of economic equilibrium; however the authors demonstrate the application of the algorithm using a recently developed Cube Land model.


For long heather honey has been a special variety due to its unique organoleptic characteristics. This study aimed to characterize and optimize the isolation of the dominant volatile fraction of Greek autumn heather honey using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The described approach pointed out 13 main volatile components more closely related to honey botanical origin, in terms of occurrence and relative abundance. These volatiles include phenolic compounds and norisoprenoids, with benzaldehyde, safranal and p-anisaldehyde present in higher amounts, while ethyl 4-methoxybenzoate is reported for the first time in honey. Then, an experimental design was developed based on five numeric factors and one categorical factor and evaluated the optimum conditions (temperature: 60 °C, equilibration time: 30 min extraction time: 15 min magnetic stirrer velocity: 100 rpm sample volume: 6 mL water: honey ratio: 1:3 (v/w)). Additionally, a validation test set reinforces the above methodology investigation. Honey is very complex and variable with respect to its volatile components given the high diversity of the floral source. As a result, customizing the isolation parameters for each honey is a good approach for streamlining the isolation volatile compounds. This study could provide a good basis for future recognition of monofloral autumn heather honey.


Vast amounts of access/service requests toward particular websites may occur in a short period of time, triggered by specific events, such as natural disasters and breaking news. These HTTP requests can occur unexpectedly and can disable the website when the quantity exceeds capacity. In order to address the problem, we propose a Distributed Hash Tables (DHT) based HTTP access control system using an access ticket issuing mechanism with a suspension time. The proposed system employs two types of nodes for access control: the access node and the emulator node. A number of access nodes and emulator nodes construct a peer-to-peer overlay network for increasing scalability and robustness. By controlling the access timing for user using access tickets with suspension time, the number of simultaneous connections in the end server can be adjusted to remain within the limits of its capacity, even when some access nodes and emulator nodes suddenly drop out.


Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and steatohepatitis (NASH) are associated with increased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, but large studies are lacking. The aim was to test the association of malondialdehyde (MDA), as a marker of oxidative damage of lipids, with NAFLD and liver damage markers, and to test the association between dietary vitamins E and C intake and MDA levels. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among subjects who underwent blood tests including FibroMax for non-invasive assessment of NASH and fibrosis. MDA was evaluated by reaction with Thiobarbituric acid and HPLC-fluorescence detection method. NAFLD was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound. Findings: MDA measurements were available for 394 subjects. In multivariate analysis, the odds for NAFLD were higher with the rise of MDA levels in a dose–response manner, adjusting for age, gender, BMI, and lifestyle factors. Only among men, higher serum MDA was associated of higher odds for NAFLD and NASH and/or fibrosis (OR = 2.59, 95% CI 1.33–5.07, P = 0.005; OR = 2.04, 1.02–4.06, P = 0.043, respectively). Higher vitamin E intake was associated with lower odds of high serum MDA level (OR = 0.28 95% CI 0.13–0.62, P = 0.002). In conclusion, serum MDA is associated with NAFLD and markers of NASH or fibrosis among men. Dietary vitamin E may be protective among women.


Detecting bugs with code mining has proven to be an effective approach. However, the existing methods suffer from reporting serious false positives and false negatives. In this paper, we developed an approach called AntMiner to improve the precision of code mining by carefully preprocessing the source code. Specifically, we employ the program slicing technique to decompose the original source repository into independent sub-repositories, taking critical operations (automatically extracted from source code) as slicing criteria. In this way, the statements irrelevant to a critical operation are excluded from the corresponding sub-repository. Besides, various semantics-equivalent representations are normalized into a canonical form. Eventually, the mining process can be performed on a refined code database, and false positives and false negatives can be significantly pruned. We have implemented AntMiner and applied it to detect bugs in the Linux kernel. It reported 52 violations that have been either confirmed as real bugs by the kernel development community or fixed in new kernel versions. Among them, 41 cannot be detected by a widely used representative analysis tool Coverity. Besides, the result of a comparative analysis shows that our approach can effectively improve the precision of code mining and detect subtle bugs that have previously been missed.


After thermal denaturation, an in vivo-labeled RNA was found in a temperature-sensitive initiation mutant of Bacillus subtilis (dna-37) associated with high-molecular-weight DNA. This RNA could be clearly distinguished from other RNA species by different techniques of separation, such as Sepharose 2B filtration, chromatography on nitrocellulose, and equilibrium centrifugation in density gradient. It was obtained even when HCHO was present during denaturation and chilling of nucleic acids and was still detected after a second denaturation as well as after incubation with proteinase K. Properties of the complex were not altered by prior treatment with RNase H. A control experiment using two samples of the complex treated either with pancreatic DNase or with pancreatic RNase, denatured together and centrifuged in the same density gradient, showed that no artifactual associations occur between the DNA and the RNA components of the complex. These results demonstrate that the DNA and RNA in the complex are associated by neither hydrogen bonds nor proteins, but are indicative of a DNA-RNA covalent linkage. In addition, during synchronous replication after a previous period at a nonpermissive temperature, DNA-linked RNA synthesis took place at specific times which coincided with the appearance of rifampin resistance of the first and the second replication cycles. A possible involvement of this RNA in the initiation of chromosome replication is discussed.


: Nothing was more important for W. E. B. Du Bois than to promote the upward mobility of African Americans. This essay revisits his "Conversation of Races" to demonstrate its general philosophical importance. Ultimately, Du Bois's three motivations for giving the address reveal his view of the nature of philosophical inquiry: to critique earlier phenotypic conceptions of race, to show the essentiality of history, and to promote a reflexive practice. Commentators have been unduly invested in the hermeneutic readings and as a result have misunder- stood its philosophical dimensions. Du Bois did more than introduce the concept of race into the purview of philosophy, he provided a method for philosophical inquiry into a concept that is notoriously difficult to approach with precision. The goal here is to show why no introduction to philosophy and no discussion about the nature of philosophical inquiry is complete without consideration of "Conservation." Certainly, it is a text about race, but it is also an important philo- sophical text in general.


Correct action upon re‐emergence of minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients has not yet been established. The applicability of demethylating agents and use of allogeneic stem cell transplantation will be dependent on pre‐relapse AML growth rates. We here delineate molecular growth kinetics of AML harbouring MLL partial tandem duplication (MLL‐PTD; 37 cases) compared to those harbouring MLL translocations (43 cases). The kinetics of MLL‐PTD relapses was both significantly slower than those of MLL translocation positive ones (median doubling time: MLL‐PTD: 24 d, MLL‐translocations: 12 d, P = 0·015, Wilcoxon rank sum test), and displayed greater variation depending on additional mutations. Thus, MLL‐PTD+ cases with additional RUNX1 mutations or FLT3‐internal tandem duplication relapsed significantly faster than cases without one of those two mutations (Wilcoxon rank sum test, P = 0·042). As rapid relapses occurred in all MLL subgroups, frequent sampling are necessary to obtain acceptable relapse detection rates and times from molecular relapse to haematological relapse (blood sampling every second month: MLL‐PTD: 75%/50 d; MLL translocations: 85%/25 d). In conclusion, in this cohort relapse kinetics is heavily dependent on AML subtype as well as additional genetic aberrations, with possibly great consequences for the rational choice of pre‐emptive therapies.


This paper aims to explore the research status of task design used in virtual worlds and the student's long-term engagement in the use of virtual worlds. Content analysis is conducted to investigate the common designed language activities in the research area. The results show that role-playing are the most common designed activities and Vygotsky's sociocultural theory was significantly used as the theoretical frameworks among the selected studies. However, only one of the studies examined students' further use of the virtual worlds beyond the experiment assigned time. This short paper might shed light on future exploration about the student's long term engagement in the virtual reality environments.


Background Reduced mobility and falls are common among older adults. Balance retraining programs are effective in reducing falls and in improving balance and mobility. Noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation is a low-level electrical stimulation used to reduce the threshold for the firing of vestibular neurons via a mechanism of stochastic resonance. Objective This study aims to determine the feasibility of using noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation to augment a balance training program for older adults at risk of falls. We hypothesize that noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation will enhance the effects of balance retraining in older adults at risk of falls Methods In this 3-armed randomized controlled trial, community dwelling older adults at risk of falling will be randomly assigned to a noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation plus balance program (noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation group), sham plus balance program (sham group), or a no treatment group (control). Participants will attend the exercise group twice a week for 8 weeks with assessment of balance and gait pretreatment, posttreatment, and at 3 months postintervention. Primary outcome measures include postural sway, measured by center of pressure velocity, area and root mean square, and gait parameters such as speed, step width, step variability, and double support time. Spatial memory will also be measured using the triangle completion task and the 4 Mountains Test. Results Recruitment began in November 2020. Data collection and analysis are expected to be completed by December 2022. Conclusions This study will evaluate the feasibility of using noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation alongside balance retraining in older adults at risk of falls and will inform the design of a fully powered randomized controlled trial. Trial Registration New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12620001172998); https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=379944 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/32085


In this paper, we review the regulations relating to railway safety and station workers interviewed, eight urban rail accidents decreased operating agencies through the prevention research currently being conducted into the (Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation City, Seoul Metro, Incheon traffic mortality, etc.) the root cause for the lack of aggressive prevention measures performed on the difficulties related regulations, organizational culture and work environment, prevention of negative operating authority derived in three improvements were obtained through this direction. First proposed urban railway safety ever buy Conduct production, utilization and operating agencies college safety assistant suggests directions for safety training, organizational culture and work environment improvements in senior management. Finally, active accident prevention campaigns, and provide direction to increase the educational participation of guests. Improvement for such accidents would decrease is thought to play a role in the prevention of future operating agency established when the guidelines.


Load demand is a time series data and it is one of the major input factors in economic development especially in a developing COlUltry such as Malaysia. Forecasting load demand with high accuracy is hoped to help the cOlmtry, especially the Malaysian electricity utility company to generate an appropriate load of required power supply which can avoid energy wasting and prevent system failure. A half hourly load demand of Malaysia for one year, from September 01, 2005 to August 31, 2006 measured in Megawatt (MW) is used for this study with the mean absolute percentage error (1.1APE) as a forecasting accuracy. Statistical Analysis System, SAS package was used to analyze the data. The best model was selected based on the mean absolute percentage error (1.1APE) and the theoretical autocorrelation fWlction (ACF) was presented to prove that the best model satisfies the load data. The ARIMA(O,I,1 XO, 1,1 )48(0,1,1 )336 with in-sample MAPE of 0.9906% was selected as the best model for this study. Comparing the forecasting performances by using k-step ahead outsample forecasts and one-step ahead forecasts, we fOWld that the 1.1APE for the one-step ahead out-sample forecasts from any horizon were all less than 1%. In other words it can be concluded that the one-step ahead out-sample forecasts was more accurate. There was a reduction in 1.1APE percentages for all lead time horizons considered, ranging between 89% to 96%. Furthermore a time series plot of out-samples of actual load data, kstep ahead and one-step ahead out-sample forecasts showed that one-step ahead out-sample forecasts followed the actual load data more closely than k-step ahead out-sample forecasts. Therefore we propose that the theoretical ACF must be considered in proving the best model satisfies load demand and that the one-step ahead out-sample forecasts must also be considered in forecasting load, especially in Malaysia load data.


The aim of this research is to determine the attitudes of unemployment anxiety and hopelessness perceptions among the students in the health management department of a public university. This research is a descriptive study. The population of the study consists of 200 students attending to the health management department of a public university. A total of 183 valid and usable surveys were returned between May 1 and May 15, 2017. Tuncsiper et al. (2012) has been used as a means of collecting data on the students' attitudes towards unemployment anxiety in the research. "Beck Hopelessness Scale", which was developed by Beck et al. (1974), was used in the measurement of hopelessness perceptions. When the attitudes of students towards unemployment anxiety were examined, the perceptions of pessimism were low; achievement, optimism and solution perceptions were moderate and high. Nearly half (45%) of the students stated that unemployment was not a shame, 60% said that unemployment originated in the country, and 58% said they would turn to an alternative to establishing their own business. More than 50% of the students believe that they can find jobs by improving themselves in case of unemployment. In their perceptions of hopelessness perception, 70% of the students looked to the future with hope and enthusiasm, while the vast majority (87.4%) said that they would stop struggling when there was something they could not fix. More than half of the students (57.9%) could not imagine how your life would be in the next ten years.


The results of long-term researches (1990-1992, 1996-1997, 2002, 2009) of multispecific association of helminths of perch of the Saratov reservoir are generalized. Transformations are exposed to the structure MAH of perch, kernels of multispecific association of helminths and order of their prevailing expressed in a change. It specifies on that the active process of change of food chains registers in ecosistem of the Saratov reservoir, which is conditioned including in them of foreign types of water organisms.


The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi invades a wide variety of vertebrate cells, by a mechanism distinct from phagocytosis. No pseudopods or other host cell surface alterations are observed during trypanosome entry, and invasion is enhanced after actin filaments are disrupted with cytochalasin D. These observations created a puzzle; what is the origin of the membrane required to form the intracellular vacuoles, if it is not originated from the host cell plasma membrane? Recent observations provided the answer: during cell invasion T. cruzi recruits host lysosomes, which gradually fuse with the plasma membrane at the site of parasite entry. The membrane of the parasitophorous vacuole is, therefore, very similar if not identical to the membrane of lysosomes. Lgps, major glycoproteins from mammalian lysosomes, are desialylated by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored trans-sialidase present on the surface of trypomastigote forms. Lack of sialic acid on lgps facilitates membrane lysis by a parasite-secreted molecule, Tc-TOX, that has membrane pore-forming activity at acidic pH. We propose a sequential model in which these trypanosome products would promote parasite entry into host cells and their subsequent liberation into the cytosol.


A CALLISTO spectrometer to monitor solar radio transient emissions from $\approx 0.8-1.6~R_{\odot}$ (above photosphere) is installed at IISER, Pune, India (longitude $73^{\circ} 55'$ E and latitude $18^{\circ}31'$ N). In this paper, we illustrate the instrumental details (log-periodic dipole antenna and the receiver system) along with the recorded solar radio bursts and radio frequency interferences produced by the thunderstorms in the frequency range 45-870 MHz. We also developed the image processing pipelines using `sunpy' and in-house developed python library called `pycallisto'.


The experience of reformation of school education in Poland has been presented in this article. Based on its analysis there has been developed an integrative (diagnostic and prognostic) model of educational reformation, in which the general postulates of the reforms realization, strategies and algorithms of its introduction are reflected. There have been described the adaptive, critical and creative (transformational) paradigms of education in Poland, and defined their characteristic features. Prospects for the realization of positive ideas of the reformation experience of Polish school education in the Ukrainian environment have been revealed. The attention has been focused on the stages of preparation, introduction of reforms and monitoring, which involves their evaluation.


This note introduces simulation as a tool to analyze uncertainty in business decisions. It first observes the limitations of single point or simple range estimates of key uncertainties, thereby motivating the need to create a risk profile for any alternative that characterizes the full range of possible outcomes and their relative likelihoods. A simple example involving both a discrete and a continuous (triangle) distribution is used. The note is simulation-software independent, although output from Crystal Ball is displayed.


Brain metabolism is an energy intensive phenomenon involving a wide spectrum of chemical intermediaries. Various injury states have a detrimental effect on the biochemical processes involved in the homeostatic and electrophysiological properties of the brain. The biochemical markers of brain injury are a recent addition in the armamentarium of neuro-clinicians and are being increasingly used in the routine management of neuro-pathological entities such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, subarachnoid haemorrhage and intracranial space occupying lesions. These markers are increasingly being used in assessing severity as well as in predicting the prognostic course of neuro-pathological lesions. S-100 protein, neuron specific enolase, creatinine phosphokinase isoenzyme BB and myelin basic protein are some of the biochemical markers which have been proven to have prognostic and clinical value in the brain injury. While S-100, glial fibrillary acidic protein and ubiquitin C terminal hydrolase are early biomarkers of neuronal injury and have the potential to aid in clinical decision-making in the initial management of patients presenting with an acute neuronal crisis, the other biomarkers are of value in predicting long-term complications and prognosis in such patients. In recent times cerebral microdialysis has established itself as a novel way of monitoring brain tissue biochemical metabolites such as glucose, lactate, pyruvate, glutamate and glycerol while small non-coding RNAs have presented themselves as potential markers of brain injury for future.


The article proposes the idea that since September 2001 a link between security and development assistance was created. Revisiting the paradigm on international aid was a pretext to implement State's security, military and geostrategic policies in some parts of the world, arguing that this would support fragile or failed States and that global war against terror would be carried out. The aim was not to promote security where it was most needed and where there were major problems of insecurity, but to increase it in developed countries although citizens lost their freedom. The objectives of this text are answering how this situation came, which kind of implications for development aid does it have and what are the major trends that may result from this analysis.


Premature damage is currently the main problem with heavy-duty asphalt pavements. In order to decrease such premature damage, it is necessary to develop a new design system meeting the requirements of heavy-duty pavements. Based on considerable field investigations and mechanistic analysis, a five-phase design procedure, including data collection, structural combination design, structural thickness design, material testing and examination, and a final decision, was established. The procedure is a comprehensive design tool employing performance-related structural design consideration and mechanistic-based material design consideration that can link performance analysis, structural design, and material design (tests). After consideration of the extensive pavement performance data collected and subsequent analysis, relevant design equations and design criteria were proposed, including whole life asphalt pavement structural behavior equations, life cycle cost analysis models, field fatigue equations, and a shear-based rutting prediction model. As research progressed, test roads and pilot roads were constructed in ten provinces of China, and the first test road has been used successfully for 15 years.


Given the lack of drugs to treat cognitive deficit disorders, non-pharmacological approaches have become popular to address these pathologies. In particular, music therapy has been successfully used with Alzheimer's patients to improve their mood and functional abilities. The Tala Sound project studies whether non-Western music from the southern regions of India can be used to improve the mood and functional abilities of Western people suffering from Alzheimer's disease. This traditional style of music, called Carnatic music, is based on specific rhythm sequences, called "talas", that have an irregular rhythm compared to the ones found in Western music. In this paper, we describe the Tala Box, a new multimedia sensory device with which patients can interact while a Carnatic song is being played. The motivation for the development of this embedded system is the intent, in addition to the unusual nature of the music played, to use motor and cognitive stimulation to better engage Alzheimer's patients and, hopefully, improve their mood and mental state. Preliminary testing with healthy seniors has shown great interest in the Tala Box.


This paper presents a novel quality inspection system based on support vector machine (SVM) for micro laser spot welding. An optical sensor with a long pass optical filter is used to derive signals covering a spectrum ranging from visible to infrared bands. A multi-class SVM classifier is applied to classify the quality of welds using a set of features extracted from the sensor signals. A series of experiments was carried out using a bespoke continuous wave (CW) 515nm laser source and a common SMD (surface mounted devices) as a test component. The results obtained show that this approach can be used to monitor the laser welding quality with an overall classification success rate of 97.6%.


The quality of coke obtained from two different methods of preparation of coal charges used in Russia at two different locations is discussed. The two variables found to be very important were size distribution and ash content. When the raw coking base deteriorates, the effectiveness of a system of selective charge crushing increases when compared with the usual system of preparing coal for coking.


Background: Uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) is a major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor, and CVD is the leading cause of death among non-Hispanic Black persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D) . While many interventions have been designed to improve BP control in this population, disparities persist. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of T2D interventions at improving BP.
 Methods: An electronic search of Medline, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsychINFO was conducted from 1985 to 2019. Keywords included those related to diabetes, study design and race/ethnicity. We included non-pharmacologic trials with ≥12.5% Black persons (using the 2020 US Census as a standard) . Interventions were aimed at improving outcomes including HbA1c, BP, weight and lipids. For this analysis, we focused on the outcomes mean systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) differences between control and experimental groups. A random effects meta-analysis was performed to calculate the pooled effect size to provide summary estimates.
 Results: Sixteen trials (n=2314) reported SBP and DBP outcomes; two additional trials (total n=2919) reported only SBP outcomes. The participants were 59% Black and 71% female with a mean age of 55.9 years. Average baseline BP was similar for the control and intervention groups (134/78 and 134/77, respectively) . Interventions included self-management education, telehealth support, lifestyle programs, and pharmacist-led support. Compared to control, these interventions demonstrated no difference in SBP (0.01, 95% CI -0.to 0.mmHg, p=0.55, I2=0%) or DBP (-0.05, 95% CI -0.15 to 0.mmHg, p=0.20, I2=22%) .
 Conclusion: In this meta-analysis of trials aimed to improve outcomes in Black patients with T2D, there was no improvement in BP control. Given the high risk of CVD in this population, more effective interventions are needed to improve BP control in Black persons with T2D.

 C.Jiang: None. F.Osman: None. A.Deckard: None. W.Wan: n/a. J.Alexander: None. R.Shetty: None. E.M.Staab: None. N.Laiteerapong: None.


Genes with similar functions might lead to similar phenotypes and tend to locate in a cluster in protein- protein interaction (PPI) network. The responsible genes should be identified for cardiovascular artery disease by their combined network topological features. Here we introduced a method called CTFMining to predict candidate disease genes which based on the combined network topological features mining. Four network topological features were defined to describe the network characters of genes. And then, we used each topological feature and combined topological features to screen the disease genes by training support vector machines (SVMs), respectively. It was found that using combined feature to predicted disease genes would get a better result than using single feature and an optima combined features was found to distinguish disease genes from non-disease genes. According to the optima combined feature, each candidate disease genes were predicted, and finally the intersection of 10,000 predictions was defined to be our final prediction. Finally, 224 candidate disease genes were predicted using SVM. Nearly 86% of candidate disease genes were found to be associated with CAD, which was verified by Priortizer or PandS. Candidate disease genes were likely to share the same functions with known disease genes of CAD. Our optima combined feature could be introduced to distinguish disease genes from non-disease genes well. With the increase of interaction data and further discovery of known disease genes, our method can be applied to predict novel candidate genes better.


In this paper, we report the bending spectrum measured experimentally on oscillating beams with free extremes in a frequency range below and above the cutoff or critical frequency. The experimental setup used to obtain the bending spectrum consisted of a novel and selective method to excite mainly bending modes, as well as an identification process in which oscillation modes other than bending were discarded. For the first time, we identified bending modes above the cutoff frequency for square and circular cross-sectional beams and a good agreement is obtained when the measured frequencies are compared with the predictions of the Timoshenko beam theory (TBT) and those numerically obtained from the elasticity theory by using a three-dimensional finite element method (FEM) calculation. Higher frequency values at which TBT should cease to be valid were not achieved in the experiments. Instead, our experimental results show that TBT remains valid above the cutoff frequency, with an error smaller than 6%.


The crystal structure of {[Cd(sulfadiazine)2]n[Cd(sulfadiazine)2·H2O]n} (1) comprises of two different Cd centers in which sulfadiazine is used as a quadridentate and bidentate ligand to coordinate to Cdl center, while it acts as a tridentate and bidentate ligand to bridge to Cd2 center, and the oxygen atom from water also coordinates to Cd2 center. As a result, the title compound bears two different 1D chain. CCDC: 274945.


This article is devoted to an overview of superstring perturbation theory from the point of view of super Riemann surfaces. We aim to elucidate some of the subtleties of superstring perturbation that caused difficulty in the early literature, focusing on a concrete example – the SO(32) heterotic string compactified on a Calabi-Yau manifold, with the spin connection embedded in the gauge group. This model is known to be a significant test case for superstring perturbation theory. Supersymmetry is spontaneously broken at 1-loop order, and to treat correctly the supersymmetry-breaking effects that arise at 1and 2-loop order requires a precise formulation of the procedure for integration over supermoduli space. In this paper, we aim as much as possible for an informal explanation, though at some points we provide more detailed explanations that can be omitted on first reading.


A new and general approach based on vapor-phase transport technique using Au-coated plant cell walls has been developed to synthesize patterned ZnO nanostructures. Nanowires, nanodendrites and nanotowers were fabricated by adsorption of different metallic ions on plant cell walls. It is shown that plant cell wall can serve as a well-defined template to grow patterned nanostructures. Using transmission electron microscope and Raman spectroscopy, the structural characteristic of the nanostructures were investigated, exhibiting good crystallinity and hexagonal symmetry of the nanomaterials. Quite interestingly, the shape of the nanostructures can be controlled by the metallic ions adsorbed on plant cell walls. Without metallic ions, a homogeneous distribution of nanowires was obtained. On the other hand, with Ni+2 or Fe+3 ions, nanodendrites and nanotowers were observed, respectively. Our approach provides a low cost method that opens up new possibilities for the growth of patterned nanomaterials with desired shapes.


Pottery is an important cultural marker of ancient societies all around the world. In Island South-East Asia and Oceania, pottery-making techniques diffused ca. 4000 to 3000 years ago when Austronesian-speaking communities spread through the region. In Timor-Leste, pottery was introduced at least 3500 years ago and the traditional pottery still produced in some villages across the country reflect this very ancient tradition. Since the 1970', researchers who recorded pottery techniques and productions in Timor-Leste pointed to the urgent need of documenting a rapidly vanishing tradition. In 2014, the situation is alarming: out of more than 30 villages where pottery was known to be produced in the 1970', only a few are still producing today and the techniques are not being transmitted to the younger generation anymore. This book presents examples of communities in Timor-Leste where traditional pottery-making still occurs. The book is part of a global project implemented by the State Secretariat of Arts and Culture with support from the French Institute for Research and Development (IRD), to raise awareness on pottery-making practices in Timor-Leste and to promote potters' communities, in order to ensure a successful transition of this important heritage into a modern and more sustainable economy.


For network fault management, we present a new technique that is based on on-line monitoring of networks with link state routing protocols, such as OSPF (open shortest path first) and integrated IS-IS. Our approach employs an agent that monitors the on-line information of the network link state database, analyzes the events generated by network faults for event correlation, and detects and localizes the faults. We apply our method to a real network topology with various types of network faults. Experimental results show that our approach can detect and localize the faults in a timely manner, yet without disrupting normal network operations.


A new class of organometallic acids was designed using azaborole, oxaborole, azaborine, and oxaborine scaffolds. The strategy used in the design of these acids is based on aromatization of the ring after deprotonation and delocalization of the negative charge. Hence, stable anionic conjugated bases were obtained whose conjugate acids were strong acids. The aromaticity of the neutral organometallic acids and their conjugated bases were compared using the NICS index. The enthalpy of deprotonation in the gas phase, ΔHacid, computed employing the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) method, was used as an index of acidity. It was found that as the number of boron atoms in the rings increases the acidity and aromaticity decrease. Also, the oxaboroles and oxaborines with BH–O groups were stronger acids than the corresponding azaboroles and azaborines with BH–NH groups. To enhance the acidity, the H atoms of the BH groups were substituted by electron withdrawing groups such as –F and –CN. The –CN groups increase the acidity by about 3–40 kcal mol−1 while the –F substituents do not change the acidity. Also, substitution of the H atoms of CH groups by –CN results in organometallic acids with ΔHacid of 241–309 kcal mol−1 which are stronger than many acids and superacids reported until now. Both C–H and O–H acids, with C and O atoms as proton donor sites, were considered and their acidities were compared.


The paper considers the performance of the stored mechanical energy in the moving masses connected synchronously to a transmission system during changes in load, changes in input and changes of transmission capacity, The stored mechanical energy greatly affects the performance of a transmission system during sudden changes in transmission line capacity occasioned by switching out or in a parallel circuit. Such switching operations lead to oscillations of input due to the interaction of stored mechanical energy and the altered difference in phase between generated and received voltages over a transmission line.


This paper investigates the relationship between infant health and agricultural pesticide use for purposes of invasive species control, by exploiting U.S. detections of invasive spotted wing drosophila (SWD) as a natural experiment. Difference-in-differences results show that insecticide and fungicide use increase by 32.1% and 33.7%, respectively, after SWD detection. Using an instrumental variables approach, we show that a 10% increase in insecticide and fungicide use is associated with 0.18 and 0.15 percentage point increased instances of infant prematurity and 0.08 and 0.08 percentage point increased instances of low birth weight, respectively. Findings are robust to alternative specifications and falsification tests. (JEL Q15, Q57)


An unsteady, compressible, two-dimensional, thin shear layer Navier-Stokes solver is modified to predict the motion-dependent unsteady flow around oscillating airfoils in a cascade. A quasi-three-dimensional formulation is used to account for the stream-wise variation of streamtube height. The code uses Ni`s Lax-Wendroff algorithm in the outer region an implicit ADI method in the inner region, conservative coupling at the interface, and the Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model. The computational mesh consists of an O-grid around each blade plus an unstructured outer grid of quadrilateral or triangular cells. The unstructured computational grid was adapted to the flow to better resolve shocks and wakes. Motion of each airfoil was simulated at each time step by stretching and compressing the mesh within the O-grid. This imposed motion consists of harmonic solid body translation in two directions and rotation, combined with the correct interblade phase angles. The validity of the code is illustrated by comparing its predictions to a number of test cases, including an axially oscillating flat plate in laminar flow, the Aeroelasticity of Turbomachines Symposium Fourth Standard Configuration (a transonic turbine cascade), and the Seventh Standard Configuration (a transonic compressor cascade). The overall comparison between the predictions and the test data is reasonably good.more » A numerical study on a generic transonic compressor rotor was performed in which the impact of varying the amplitude of the airfoil oscillation on the normalized predicted magnitude and phase of the unsteady pressure around the airfoil was studied. It was observed that for this transonic compressor, the nondimensional aerodynamic damping was influenced by the amplitude of the oscillation.« less


Reasoning about program control-flow paths is an important functionality of a number of recent program matching languages and associated searching and transformation tools. Temporal logic provides a well-defined means of expressing properties of control-flow paths in programs, and indeed an extension of the temporal logic CTL has been applied to the problem of specifying and verifying the transformations commonly performed by optimizing compilers. Nevertheless, in developing the Coccinelle program transformation tool for performing Linux collateral evolutions in systems code, we have found that existing variants of CTL do not adequately support rules that transform subterms other than the ones matching an entire formula. Being able to transform any of the subterms of a matched term seems essential in the domain targeted by Coccinelle.
 In this paper, we propose an extension to CTL named CTLVW (CTL with variables and witnesses) that is a suitable basis for the semantics and implementation of the Coccinelles program matching language. Our extension to CTL includes existential quantification over program fragments, which allows metavariables in the program matching language to range over different values within different control-flow paths, and a notion of witnesses that record such existential bindings for use in the subsequent program transformation process. We formalize CTL-VW and describe its use in the context of Coccinelle. We then assess the performance of the approach in practice, using a transformation rule that fixes several reference count bugs in Linux code.


Disclosed is an object detection device provided with: ultrasonic sensors (1) that transmit signals and further receive reflected signals of the transmitted signals; a delay addition processing unit (5) that generates two-dimensional distance information obtained by delaying and adding the reflected signals received by the ultrasonic sensors (1) on a plurality of preset reference planes; a distance information aggregation unit (6) that generates aggregation distance information obtained by adding the two-dimensional distance information on the plurality of reference planes, which is generated by the delay addition processing unit (5), in the vertical direction with respect to the reference planes; and an object detection unit (8) that detects an object on a position where the intensity in the vertical direction is at least a threshold value, with reference to the intensity in the vertical direction of the aggregation distance information generated by the distance information aggregation unit (6).


Asan interdisciplinar science, paleobotany-deals with geology and botan y. The number of outcrops with fossil plants, in a wide sense, in Mexico surpasses significantly the number -insufficient of paleobotanist in the country. Following a stratigraphic sequence seven Mexican fossil floras are characterized underlying their research and problematic status. These floras correspond to those of the Matzitzi (Permian) and Santa Clara (Late Triassic) Formations, the Consuelo (Middle Jurassic) Group, the Cerro del Pueblo and Olmos (Late Cretaceous) Formations, and the Ahuehuetes locality and El Cien Formation (Tertiary). Paleobotany has no substitute for the complete understanding of plants, their evolutionary history and extinctions. It gives information about diversity, distribution and interactions that override results obtained on extrapolations based on observations of extant plants and ecosystems. Mexico has a great potential and peculiar geographic location to contribute importan! paleobotanical information essential for the large synthesis of plant history at a world-wide leve!.


We previously identified a 65-kDa protein (p65) that was phosphorylated in activated macrophages. It has turned out to be a murine homologue of human L-plastin, which was identified as a novel protein in human cancer cells. p65/L-plastin is characterized by a series of Ca2+-, calmodulin-, and actin-binding domains, and is thought to play a crucial role in leukocytes and cancer cells. We have expressed a recombinant (r) p65/L-plastin in Escherichia coli that binds to β-actin and prepared high-titer antibodies using large amounts of the protein as immunogen. Anti-rp65/L-plastin antibodies recognize native p65/L-plastin as well as rp65/L-plastin and have enabled us to detect the fine structures of intracellular p65/L-plastin, and it was found that its localization was extensively changed by stimulation with bacterial components. We further developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system and a flow cytometry method using these reagents, which made it possible to measure antibodies, including autoantibodies, against p65/L-plastin and to evaluate the maturation-dependent expression of the protein in leukocytes.


The amount of wood residue is used as a measurement of the extent of wood liquefaction. Characterization of the residue from wood liquefaction provides a new approach to understand some fundamental aspects of the liquefaction reaction. Residues were characterized by wet chemical analyses, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Klason lignin content of the residues decreased, while the holocellulose and a-cellulose contents increased as the phenol to wood ratio (P/W) increased. A peak at 1735 cm-', which was attributed to the ester carbony1 group in xylan, disappeared in the FTIR spectra of the residues from liquefied wood under a sealed reaction system, indicating significantly different effects of atmospheric versus sealed liquefaction. The crystallinity index of the residues was higher than that of the untreated wood particles and slightly increased with an increase in the P/W ratio. The SEM images of the residues showed that the fiber bundles were reduced to small-sized bundles or even single fibers as the P/W ratio increased from 1/1 to 3/1, which indicated that the lignin in the middle lamella had been dissolved prior to the cellulose during liquefaction. 63 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 105: 3739-3746,2007


A series of novel benzotriazole derivatives containing iodine atom(s) were synthesized. The binding of these compounds to the catalytic subunit of human protein kinase CK2 was evaluated using differential scanning fluorimetry. The obtained thermodynamic data were compared with those determined previously for the brominated and chlorinated benzotriazole analogues to get a deeper insight into the thermodynamic contribution of iodine substitution to the free energy of ligand binding. We have shown that iodine atom(s) attached to the benzene ring of benzotriazole enhance(s) its binding by the target protein. This effect is the strongest when two iodine atoms are attached at positions peripheral to the triazole ring, which according to the structures deposited in protein data bank may be indicative for the formation of the halogen bond between iodine and carbonyl groups of residues located in the hinge region of the protein. Finally, quantitative structure–activity relationship analysis pointed the solute hydrophobicity as the main factor contributing to the binding affinity.


To develop a reliable procedure for the acute expansion of plasma volume (PV), 26 male volunteers were randomly assigned to either a thermoneutral (25 degrees C and 40% relative humidity) or hot-dry (37 degrees C and 25% relative humidity) environment; subsequently each subject was seated for at least 1 h and then infused intravenously with either 100 or 200 ml of a 25% albumin solution or 0.9% saline. On the day before each infusion, PV was estimated by dye dilution using indocyanine green. Net percent change in PV (using hematocrit and hemoglobin values) was calculated at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h postinfusion. The PV of subjects residing in the heat after a 100-ml saline infusion increased significantly over 1-h values at 6, 9, and 12 h postinfusion but not at 24 h. The same trend, although not significant, was apparent at room temperature. The data suggest a slow isooncotic circadian pattern of PV expansion and contraction. The infusion of hyperoncotic albumin produced rapid expansion of plasma volume. With the low dose (25 g) at 1 h postinfusion, the expansion was 379 +/- 102 ml in the heat and 301 +/- 160 ml at room temperature. With the high dose (50 g) at 1 h postinfusion, the expansion was 479 +/- 84 ml in the heat and 427 +/- 147 ml at room temperature. The high dose produced an expansion that persisted for at least 9 h in subjects in either environment. The data suggest a mechanism for the retention of fluid during heat acclimatization and a useful procedure for plasma volume expansion in humans.


We present the design exploration of a system-on-chip architecture dedicated to the implementation of the HIPERLAN/2 communication protocol. The task was accomplished by means of an ad-hoc C++ simulation environment, integrating power models for CPUs, memories and buses used in the design and incorporating software profiling capabilities. The architecture is based on two ARM microprocessors, an AMBA bus and a local bus, DMA unit and other peripherals. Software mapping on the processor has been based on the power/performance profiling results.


According to a general consensus among geographers and political scientists Southeast Asia includes eleven major countries. Though in terms of headcount Islam is the largest religion of Southeast Asia, it is the faith of the majority only in three states in the region - of the remaining eight six are dominated by the Buddhists and two by the Christians. The legal framework of religion-state relations is not uniform either in Southeast Asia as a whole or within any of these three religion-based groups of countries. The wide diversity of religion-state relations in Southeast Asia is indeed fascinating.


AbstractSince controlled clinical studies on drug administration for the acute radiation syndrome are lacking, clinical data of human radiation accident victims as well as experimental animal models are the main sources of information. This leads to the question of how to compare and link clinical observations collected after human radiation accidents with experimental observations in non-human primate (NHP) models. Using the example of granulocyte counts in the peripheral blood following radiation exposure, approaches for adaptation between NHP and patient databases on data comparison and transformation are introduced. As a substitute for studying the effects of administration of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in human clinical trials, the method of mathematical modeling is suggested using the example of G-CSF administration to NHP after total body irradiation.


Development of science and information makes a variety of activities and life sehari–hari of the information gained from the media, both print and electronic media. The role of information technology and multimedia are also not to miss, a variety of information offered by the form of multimedia that can create interactive and informative presentation by combining text, audio, video, animation and graphics used for competitive advantage Development education grew rapidly, causing a growing number of facilities and advantages that should be promoted to compete, especially at SMK Yuppentek 4 Ciledug Tangerang. The purpose of this research is to design-based audio visual media in order to be an effective appeal, especially in the delivery of information and promotions regarding things – things that are related to the overall CMS Yuppentek 4 Ciledug Tangerang. SMK Yuppentek 4 Ciledug Tangerang is located in Tangerang. Existing problems, namely the medium used by the SMK SMK Yuppentek 4 Ciledug Tangerang was a print media, in general the community more receptive of information via media interactive and communicative, so CMS Yuppentek 4 Ciledug Tangerang requires video media profile as a media of supporting information and promotion on the show to prospective students and students of SMK Yuppentek 4 Ciledug Tangerang, or as a media information to the public , so the design of video media profile that displays the entire scope, advantages and facilities belonging to SMK Yuppentek 4 Ciledug Tangerang, can be a solution in solving problems in media promotion and information. With this author makes research with the title ""THE DESIGN OF VIDEO MEDIA PROFILE INFORMATION ON PROMOTIONS AND SHAPED SMK YUPPENTEK 4 CILEDUG TANGERANG".


Feelings of body dissatisfaction are common in Western society, especially in women and girls. More than innocent discontent, body dissatisfaction can have serious consequences such as depression and eating disorders. The current article discusses the nature of body dissatisfaction, how it develops and how it is currently being treated. We also discuss novel strategies to increase body satisfaction that work on the automatic system (e.g., by retraining attentional and conditioning processes), since recent research suggests that appearance-related information is processed automatically. We suggest that extant methods should be combined with these novel strategies, in order to optimally improve body dissatisfaction and to prevent its detrimental consequences.


Using hemodynamic and radionuclide perfusion data, we measured regional pulmonary vascular resistances in a patient with mitral stenosis and anomalous pulmonary venous drainage with intact atrial septum before and after surgical correction. Pulmonary vascular resistance in the right upper lung region that had anomalous drainage to a normal-pressure right atrium was compared to resistance of a region in the left upper lung similar in size that had normal drainage to a high-pressure left atrium. Preoperatively, pulmonary vascular resistance in both regions was elevated but was considerably higher in the left upper lung region. Postoperatively, pulmonary vascular resistance fell substantially in the left upper lung with the fall in left atrial pressure, whereas it changed minimally in the right upper lung after elimination of the left-to right shunt. These findings are related to vascular abnormalities on biopsies obtained from both regions.