An experiment was conducted with 768 non-cage-housed ISA Brown pullets, of which 576 hens were followed during the laying period, to investigate the separate effects of dietary energy dilution and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) concentration (oat hulls as NSP source) on eating behavior and feather damage. Day-old pullets were allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments according to a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement (3 dilution and 2 NSP levels), with 8 replicates (pens) per treatment. At 17 wk of age, pens with hens were allotted to 1 of 8 dietary treatments according to a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement (4 dilution and 2 NSP levels), with 6 replicates per treatment. Compared with 0% dilution level, feed intake of laying hens of 10, 15, and 20% dilution levels increased by 8.4% (9.5 g/hen per d), 16.5% (18.1 g/hen per d), and 20.9% (23.6 g/hen per d), respectively. The ME(n) intake was similar for all dilution levels. Hens fed standard-NSP laying diets had similar insoluble NSP intake for all dilution levels (9.3 g/hen per d). Insoluble NSP intake of hens fed high-NSP laying diets increased from 15.6 g/hen per day (0% dilution) to 18.9 g/hen per day (20% dilution). Providing high- vs. standard-NSP layer diet decreased relative proventriculus contents (1.1 vs. 0.3 g/kg of BW) and increased empty gizzard weight (14.3 vs. 24.4 g/kg of BW). Hens that were fed standard-NSP diets had more feather damage compared with hens fed high-NSP diets (0.58 vs. 0.30 arbitrary units). Increasing the insoluble NSP intake resulted in decreased proventricular weight and increased gizzard weight and its contents, which are indicators of improved functioning of the gut, thereby linearly reducing feather damage. Providing diluted rearing diets increased feed intake from the first weeks of life onwards. It was hypothesized that pullets were increasingly "imprinted" on feed as pecking substrate if dilution level increased. This may decrease feather pecking and could explain the improved feather condition at 49 wk of age when 15% diluted rearing diet was fed.


Reducing noise emission from jet is a major topics of aeroacoustics. Recently, it has been shown that the large coherent structures of a turbulent single-stream jet, which are parts of the noise generation mechanisms, can be interpreted as instability of the mean turbulent flow, especially in the region of the potential core. Reducing noise will be probably only achieved with some new control strategy on the underlying physics of the acoustic wave generation. The present work deals with the last investigations associated to the sensitivity analysis of the single and dual-stream jet instability to any local forcing. Sensitivity is a first step of any aeroacoustic or flow control approach and it is performed by the Parabolized Stability Equations and their adjoint counter part. Validation is first made on a simple semi-analytical supersonic jet. Then sensitivity functions to a source of momentum, mass or energy forcing are given in a supersonic single (M = 1.15) and dual- stream jets (M p = 0.89 and M s = 1.20). The base-flow is obtained from accurate Large Eddy Simulations and included some shock cells. Highest sensitivities are found inside the shear layer close to the external boundary of the potential core and close to the jet inlet, similar to the previous results found in incompressible single stream jet. The growth rate and wave number of the Kelvin-Helmhotz instability and the acoustic (pressure) perturbation are strongly influenced by the shock cell positions


Objective: Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) may be an appropriate first-line agent for hypertensive women with metabolic syndrome (MetS) because they have no metabolic side-effects and the activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is suggested as one possible mechanism of postmenopausal hypertension. This study aimed to investigate the short-term changes of metabolic syndrome and blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive women treated with fimasartan, a new ARB. Design and Method: Among patients with hypertension enrolled in K-Mets Study, 777 women, with fimasartan as a first antihypertensive drug and 3 months follow-up data, were selected. Diabetic patients were excluded. MetS defined by ATP criteria was found in 370 (48%) patients. They were divided into two groups according to metabolic components after 3 months: 280 patients with MetS (group 1; 56.4 ± 10.0 years), and 90 patients without MetS (group 2; 54.1 ± 8.9 years). Results: Baseline weight, body mass index, and waist circumference (AC) were higher in group 1, but menopausal status, fasting blood glucose (FBS), HbA1c, HOMA index, clinic BP, home BP and day-to-day BP variability were not different between two groups. After 3 month, clinic BP, home BP and day-to-day BP variability were effectively lowered in both groups, but changes of them were not different in both groups. Among metabolic criteria, FBS, HDL-cholesterol, or triglyceride was dramatically decreased in group 2 (baseline; 56%, 46%, and 62%, 3 month; 5%, 16%, and 6%, respectively). They were not changed in group 1. HOMA index was declined in group 2, but significantly inclined in group 1 (from 3.79 ± 4.77 to 4.80 ± 6.33, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Baseline lower BMI and AC, but neither change of BP nor BP variability after antihypertensive treatment with ARB, were associated with the improvement of metabolic syndrome in women, which was mainly due to favorable changes of blood glucose and lipid levels.


This article describes a full-time teaching internship program, where, in lieu of student teaching, interns serve as classroom teachers in urban area schools. Through a partnership between a university and participating school districts, all interns received intensive mentoring and induction during their first year. Among the program results, were a 100% retention rate of interns in the teaching profession, significant growth in teaching interns' confidence, readiness, and self-efficacy regarding their abilities to teach successfully. In addition, school administrators consistently rated interns as proficient teachers using a state-approved evaluation instrument. Implications for continuing the internship program are presented.


Now more than ever there is a growing global interest to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions originating from internal combustion engines. One approach consists in the use of hydrogen instead of fossil fuels. Large bore gas engines for power generation are often fueled by gases with high methane content. Relative to natural gas-fueled engines, the power densities of premixed or port-fuel-injected hydrogen engines are limited due to low volumetric efficiencies and moreover by occurring irregular combustion events (knocking, backfire).
 The paper presents results from experimental investigations of the impact of different hydrogen substitution rates in natural gas on performance, emissions and operating limits on a single cylinder research engine. The engine is representative for a large bore gas engine for power generation and operates using an open chamber combustion concept with lean mixtures.
 Essentially, THC, CO2 and CO emissions decrease with rising hydrogen content of the fuel gas. Even with low concentrations of hydrogen in the fuel gas, significant reductions in THC emissions could be demonstrated. Usually NOX emissions will rise with unchanged operating parameters. However, if excess-air ratio and spark timing are adjusted, a net reduction of NOX emissions can be achieved while the impact on brake thermal efficiency is small.
 Furthermore, the paper outlines potential mitigation strategies to expand the operational limits with respect to power density with high hydrogen substitution rates.


This study examined the reliability of 31phosphorus-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) to measure parameters of liver metabolic function in the intact animals. These parameters can help us to evaluate the severity and prognosis of liver fibrosis. In addition, 31P-MRS was also used to examine the protective effects of melatonin on liver mitochondria. An animal model of liver fibrosis was established via intraperitoneal administration of thioacetamide (TAA) to rats. Rats were scanned at baseline, week 3 and 6 after TAA treatment, respectively, to measure the longitudinal changes of phosphorus metabolite levels by 31P-MRS at 9.4 T. The results showed a consistent decline in the levels of phosphorus metabolites (inorganic phosphate, α-ATP, γ-ATP and NADH) in rats with fibrosis. Impaired mitochondrial respiration capacity, collagen accumulation and the extent of fibrosis in liver were markedly associated with decreased concentrations of phosphorus metabolites. Melatonin-pretreated mitochondria transferring efficiently prevented TAA-induced liver damage mainly by restoring mitochondrial function. In conclusion, the levels of phosphorus metabolites could serve as the indicators of mitochondrial oxidative capacity and thus provides a novel tool to evaluate mitochondrial integrity in the in vivo condition by using 31P-MRS in the setting of liver fibrosis.


The paper presents characteristics of 76 strains of bacteria capable of utilizing nonionic surfactants Cirrasol FP, Cirrasol SF 200 and Cirrasol TCS as the source of carbon. The strains were isolated from two activated sludges adapted to the purification of wastes containing the above compounds at concentration 150--200 mg/l. The isolated strains belonged to the genera: Achromobacter, Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Flavobacterium, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas. With load 0.11 mg surfactant/mg d.w./day bacteria belonging to Alcaligenes were dominating. With load 0.18--0.31 mg surfactant/mg d.w./day microorganisms were dominated by Pseudomonas. The highest intensity of degradation of the studied surfactant was shown by species: Alcaligenes viscolactis, Nocardia blackwellii and Pseudomonas rathonis.


In view of the recent experiments of O'Hara et al. [Phys. Rev. B 60, 10 565 (1999) and Phys. Rev. B 60, 10 872 (1999)] on excitons in ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}\mathrm{O},$ we examine the interconversion between the angular-momentum triplet-state excitons and the angular-momentum singlet-state excitons by a spin-exchange process that has been overlooked in the past. We estimate the rate of this particle-conserving mechanism and find a substantially higher value than the rate of the Auger process considered so far. Based on this idea, we give a possible explanation of the recent experimental observations, and make certain predictions, with the most important being that the singlet-state excitons in ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ is a very serious candidate for exhibiting the phenomenon of Bose-Einstein condensation.


A theory is derived for the relaxation of a relativistic electron beam interacting with oblique waves in a plasma in a strong magnetic field. As the beam current is raised, the nature of the instability changes: The instability resulting from the excitation of a nonresonant polarization field becomes dominant. A nonlinear theory is derived for the single-mode relaxation of a beam in an unbounded plasma and for steady-state amplification.


The NIST Construction Metrology and Automation Group is researching structural steel pick-andplace operations using a robotic crane coupled with sensor data distribution and construction component identification and tracking systems. This paper outlines new developments in this research including the addition of an automated gripper mechanism for RoboCrane and 4D-CAD sequenced multi-component placement. In addition, initial efforts to incorporate high-resolution scanning LADAR (Laser Detection and Ranging) data for world modeling and high frame-rate flash LADAR data for obstacle avoidance are discussed.


PhyCV is the first computer vision library which utilizes algorithms directly derived from the equations of physics governing physical phenomena. The algorithms appearing in the current release emulate, in a metaphoric sense, the propagation of light through a physical medium with natural and engineered diffractive properties followed by coherent detection. Unlike traditional algorithms that are a sequence of hand-crafted empirical rules or deep learning algorithms that are usually data-driven and computationally heavy, physics-inspired algorithms leverage physical laws of nature as blueprints for inventing algorithms. PhyCV features low-dimensionality and high- efficiency, making it ideal for edge computing applications. We demonstrate real-time video processing on NVIDIA Jetson Nano using PhyCV. In addition, these algorithms have the potential to be implemented in real physical devices for fast and efficient computation in the form of analog computing. The open-sourced code is available at https://github.com/JalaliLabUCLA/phycv


The title compound, C33H42O5, known as xerophenone A {systematic name: (1R,3R,4R,6S,8E,10R)-10-hydroxy-8-[hydroxy(phenyl)methylene]-4-methyl-1,6-bis(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-3-(3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl)-11-oxatricyclo[188.8.131.52,10]undecane-7,9-dione} is a naturally occurring rearranged benzophenone compound which was isolated from the twigs of Garcinia propinqua. The absolute configuration was determined by refining the Flack parameter to 0.18 (16). The absolute configurations at positions 1, 3, 4, 6 and 10 of the xerophenone A are R, R, R, S and R. In the molecule, the cyclohexane-1,3-dione, tetrahydro-2H-pyran and tetrahydrofuran rings adopt twisted boat, standard chair and envelope conformations, respectively. The 3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl substituent is disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.771 (11):0.229 (11) ratio. An intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, molecules are linked by O—H⋯O and weak C—H⋯O interactions into a chain along the a axis. A very weak C—H⋯π interaction and C⋯O short contact [2.989 (2) Å] are also present.


We previously reported that MOLT-3 human lymphocyte-like leukemia cells adhere to tissue-type transglutaminase (tTG) through the integrin alpha(4)beta(1). We now report that G-361 human melanoma cells also adhere to tTG, although they do not express alpha(4)beta(1). G-361 cells utilize two additional integrins, alpha(9)beta(1) and alpha(5)beta(1) to adhere to tTG. Furthermore, blood coagulation factor XIII (FXIII), another member of the transglutaminase family that is highly homologous to tTG, and propolypeptide of von Willebrand factor (pp-vWF) also promoted cell adhesion through alpha(9)beta(1) or alpha(4)beta(1) in G-361 or MOLT-3 cells, respectively. In the case of pp-vWF, alpha(9)beta(1) and alpha(4)beta(1) both bind to the same site, comprised of 15 amino acid residues and designated T2-15. Moreover, SW480 human colon cancer cells stably transfected to express alpha(9)beta(1), but not mock transfectants, adhered to tTG, FXIII, pp-vWF, and T2-15/bovine serum albumin conjugate. These data identify tTG, FXIII, and pp-vWF as shared ligands for the integrins alpha(9)beta(1) and alpha(4)beta(1). This report is the first to unambiguously show that these two integrins share the same cell adhesion site within one protein and provides strong support for classifying alpha(9)beta(1-) and alpha(4)-integrins as functionally related members of an integrin subfamily.


1 The hydraulic resistance of the synovial lining to fluid outflow from a joint cavity (Q̇s) is important for the retention of intra‐articular lubricant. The resistance has been attributed in part to extracellular glycosaminoglycans, including hyaluronan and chondroitin sulphates. Increased permeability in joints infused with testicular hyaluronidase, which digests both chondroitin sulphates and hyaluronan, supports this view. In this study the importance of interstitial hyaluronan per se was assessed using leech and Streptomyceshyaluronidases, which degrade only hyaluronan. 2 Ringer solution was infused into the knee joint cavity of anaesthetized rabbits for 30 min, with or without hyaluronidase, after which intra‐articular pressure (Pj) was raised and the relation between pressure and outflow determined. 3 Treatment with Streptomyces, leech or testicular hyaluronidases increased the fluid escape rates by similar factors, namely 4‐ to 6‐fold. After Streptomyceshyaluronidase treatment the slope dQ̇s/dPj, which at low pressures represents synovial hydraulic conductance, increased from a control of 0.90 ± 0.20 μl min−1 cmH2O−1 (mean ± s.e.m., n= 6) to 4.52 ± 0.70 μl min−1 cmH2O−1. The slope dQ̇s/dPj increased to a similar level after testicular hyaluronidase, namely to 4.14 ± 1.06 μl min−1 cmH2O−1 (control, 0.54 ± 0.24 μl min−1 cmH2O−1). Streptomycesand leech hyaluronidases were as effective as testicular hyaluronidase (no statistically significant differences) despite differences in substrate specificity. 4 It was shown using histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques that hyaluronan was removed from the synovium by leech, Streptomycesand testicular hyaluronidases. The binding of antibodies 2‐B‐6 and 3‐B‐3 showed that the core proteins of the chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans remained intact after treatment with hyaluronidases, and the binding of 5‐D‐4 showed that keratan sulphate was unaffected. An azocasein digestion assay confirmed that the hyaluronidase preparations had no significant proteolytic activity. 5 The effect of the hyaluronidases was four times greater than predicted from the low concentration of interstitial hyaluronan and its resistivity. Factors that might amplify the effect of hyaluronan depletion include the matrix‐organizing role of hyaluronan, and/or non‐uniformity of hyaluronan distribution. It is concluded that interstitial hyaluronan makes a major contribution to synovial hydraulic resistance, but the mechanisms are as yet poorly understood.


The thesis of the paper is that the strong growth of the number of part-time jobs in the Netherlandsbetween 1975 and 1991 has negatively affected the labour market participation of men, especiallyof lower educated men. The thesis consists of a behavioural component, which explains why lowereducated men are not attracted and do not get access to part-time jobs, and an institutionalcomponent, which explains why the labour market position of lower educated men in theNetherlands has deteriorated relatively rapidly during the period 1975-1991. The thesis isunderpinned by an empirical analysis of labour market participation of lower educated maleworkers in part-time and full-time jobs. Competing theses, such as upgrading of the job structure,displacement by better educated workers and sector shift from manufacturing to services areempirically tested, but prove to be less informative explanations of the deteriorated labour marketposition of lower educated men than the explanation of the growth of part-time jobs.


Objective:Dysglycemia during sepsis is associated with poor outcomes in resource-rich settings. In resource-limited settings, hypoglycemia is often diagnosed clinically without the benefit of laboratory support. We studied the utility of point-of-care glucose monitoring to predict mortality in severely septic patients in Uganda. Design:Prospective observational study. Setting:One national and two regional referral hospitals in Uganda. Patients:We enrolled 532 patients with sepsis at three hospitals in Uganda. The analysis included 418 patients from the three sites with inhospital mortality data, a documented admission blood glucose concentration, and evidence of organ dysfunction at admission (systolic blood pressure ≤100 mm Hg, lactate >4 mmol/L, platelet number <100,000/&mgr;L, or altered mental status). Interventions:None. Measurements and Main Results:We evaluated the association between admission point-of-care blood glucose concentration and inhospital mortality. We also assessed the accuracy of altered mental status as a predictor of hypoglycemia. Euglycemia occurred in 33.5% (140 of 418) of patients, whereas 16.3% (68 of 418) of patients were hypoglycemic and 50.2% (210 of 418) were hyperglycemic. Univariate Cox regression analyses comparing in-hospital mortality among hypoglycemic (35.3% [24 of 68], hazard ratio 2.0, 95% confidence interval 1.2–3.6, p = .013) and hyperglycemic (29.5% [62 of 210], hazard ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval 0.96–2.4, p = .08) patients to euglycemic (19.3% [27 of 140]) patients showed statistically significantly higher rates of inhospital mortality for patients with hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia (adjusted hazard ratio 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.1–3.3, p = .03) remained significantly and independently associated with inhospital mortality in the multivariate model. The sensitivity and specificity of altered mental status for hypoglycemia were 25% and 86%, respectively. Conclusion:Hypoglycemia is an independent risk factor for inhospital mortality in patients with severe sepsis and cannot be adequately assessed by clinical examination. Correction of hypoglycemia may improve outcomes of critically ill patients in resource-limited settings.


The donation of unharvested or unsold crops to rescue organizations has been promoted as a strategy to improve healthy food access for food insecure households while reducing production-level food loss and waste (FLW). In this study, we aimed to assess the motivations, barriers, and facilitators for crop donation as a FLW reduction strategy among Maryland farmers. We interviewed 18 Maryland-based food producers (nine frequent crop donors and nine infrequent, by self-report) in 2016 – 2017, soliciting their perspectives on crop donation motivators, process feasibility, and interventions aimed at increasing crop donation. The interviews were thematically coded. All respondents were aware of crop donation as an option, and most expressed interest in reducing FLW by diverting crop surpluses for human consumption. While financial barriers represented one aspect influencing donation decisions, respondents also cited convenience, process knowledge, and liability as key considerations. In contrast to frequent donors, many of whom considered donation a moral imperative, some infrequent donors questioned the expectation that they would donate crops without compensation. Both frequent and infrequent donors were aware of pro-donation tax incentives, and infrequent donors reported being unlikely to use them. This research demonstrates that crop donation motivations, barriers, and facilitators can be diverse. Given the existence of crop surpluses and their potential benefits as emergency food, our results suggest that multiple interventions and policies may contribute to incentivizing and facilitating crop donation (or enabling the purchase of surplus crops) rather than one-size-fits-all approaches. Our findings also highlight a need to prioritize crop recovery methods that enhance growers' financial stability.


Purpose: A clear understanding of an offender's criminal behaviour is a prerequisite for determining suitable treatment. In the literature, several specific frameworks or therapeutic approaches that aim to explicate criminal behaviour can be distinguished (e.g., cognitive analytic therapy, offence paralleling behaviour paradigm), but Schema Therapy (ST) is becoming an increasingly popular paradigm. According to forensic ST's theoretical framework, criminal and violent behaviour can be explained by an unfolding sequence of schema modes, or moment-to-moment states that represent emotions, cognitions, and behaviour. In this study, we examine the validity of this theory and the relationship between schema modes, psychopathy, and institutional violence. Methods: Schema modes were assessed retrospectively from descriptions of patients' crimes in a sample of 95 hospitalized cluster B personality disordered offenders. Psychopathy was rated with the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised and institutional transgressions were coded from daily hospital reports. Results: Our findings show that criminal behaviour is often preceded by schema modes that refer to feelings of vulnerability and abandonment, loneliness, and states of intoxication. Criminal behaviour itself is characterized by schema modes that refer to states of impulsivity, anger, and the use of overcompensatory strategies involving threats, intimidation, and aggression. Schema modes involving bullying and manipulation were positively correlated with the interpersonal facet of psychopathy; the vulnerable child mode was negatively correlated with the affective facet of psychopathy. The schema modes in this study moderately predicted later institutional transgressions. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the schema mode concept is of explanatory value in understanding criminal and violent behaviour.


In deep-water drilling, the drilling fluid is affected by the alternating temperature field derived from the low temperature of the seawater and the high temperature of the formation. The complicated wellbore temperature and pressure environments make the prediction of rheological properties of the drilling fluid difficult.
 In this study, the rheological properties of water-based drilling fluid in full temperature and pressure range of deep-water conditions were tested from 2 to 150 °C (35.6 to 302 °F) and 0.1 to 70 MPa (14.5 to 10000psi). The experiment was carried out by the OFI130-77 high temperature and high pressure rheometer. The experimental data were processed by multiple regression analysis method, and the mathematical model for predicting the apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity and yield point of water-based drilling fluid under high temperature and high pressure conditions was established.
 The experimental results show that when the temperature is lower than 65 °C (149 °F), the apparent viscosity and plastic viscosity of the water-based drilling fluid decrease significantly with increasing temperature. When the temperature is higher than 65 °C (149 °F), the apparent viscosity and plastic viscosity decrease slowly. Under low temperature conditions, the effect of pressure on the apparent viscosity and plastic viscosity of water-based drilling fluids is relatively significant. The calculated values of the prediction model have a good agreement with the experimental measurements. Compared with the traditional model, this prediction model has a significant improvement in the prediction accuracy in the low temperature section, which can provide a calculation basis for on-site application of deepwater drilling fluid.


A few papers recently published in foreign countries on atherogenesis, vascular atherosclerotic changes, metabolic support of arterial wall medial cells, and the role of the vasa vasorum in these processes are analyzed. Arguments are advanced in favor of that local hemodynamic factors and elevated blood pressure are a basis for the development of vascular atherosclerotic changes.


This paper explores the role of riffle-pool bedforms in functional eco-hydraulic river rehabilitation designs and addresses the need for quantitative means of generalizing flow behaviour. Riffle hydraulic performance is modelled using a cross-sectionally disaggregated form of broad crested weir equation. For a given channel reach, geostatistical analysis of mapped flow velocity at contrasting flow stages is then used to identify coherent flow behaviour which might be related to channel bedform morphology and hydraulic function. Finally, observed and inferred flow characteristics are reviewed against the data requirements of habitat simulation models and with respect to the application flow simulation modelling. By coupling morphology, flow characterization and habitat modelling, the aim is to provide a simple, but scientifically sound approach for assessing the eco-hydraulic performance of channel bedforms to improve both project design and post-project audit of rehabilitation schemes.


While the feminist literature on social reproduction is broad and diverse, one area that has remained relatively under-explored relates to the linkages between social reproduction and finance, particularly between social reproduction and household debt. In our contribution to this Special Issue, we seek to document and to analyse the structural linkages between social reproduction and debt, with a specific focus on pawnbroking in early modern England and contemporary Pakistan. We have four main aims in this article. Our first aim is to contribute to feminist theorizing about social reproduction by showing both how the daily and generational reproduction of households has relied upon historically specific forms of credit and how these social relations of credit/debt have been central to the development and reproduction of capitalism in different times and places. Second, we show how particular forms of 'everyday finance' are gendered and, specifically, how they are feminized. Our third aim is to elucidate the relationship between pawn loans, which have received almost no attention from feminist or other critical political economists, and the social reproduction of households in England and Pakistan. Fourth, we elucidate some of the gendered implications of the growing incursion of masculinized capitalist finance into new spaces of everyday life.


Higher education institutions are facing increasing pressure to provide evidence of student learning; teaching pedagogical best practices are moving to an increasingly individualized and student-focused learning model; and innovative technologies are allowing for greater mining of student data. Within this environment, learning and advising management systems, based on educational big data, or learning analytics, are being developed to better measure, analyze, report and predict data related to student learning, retention and completion. These learning analytics-informed systems have the potential to generate new insight into courses and student learning by creating responsive feedback mechanisms that can shape data-informed decision making as it relates to teaching, learning and advising. Despite the benefits of using learning analytics-informed learning and advising management systems, there are barriers and challenges related to broad adoption and use of innovations like these systems in higher education.In the summer of 2015, we conducted an instrumental case study to learn more about the technological, institutional, and individual factors related to adoption and use of learning analytics-informed educational technology tools on campus.A'  In this short lightning talk, we will present the findings from the studyA¢â'¬â"¢s focus group interviews and observations.A'  Further, we will share promising practices and practical considerations related to use of learning analytics tools to measure and predict academic performance.


This research aims to solve the problems faced by most of the business actors who have just pioneered especially in the food and beverage sector, because at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic they were currently required to save production costs to save on product marketing costs due to their limited capital. have so that the sales of a product are not optimal. In this problem, in particular, their food and beverage businesses are required to have photos of the food and drinks they sell as attractive as possible to attract buyers, but most of them cannot afford to pay for the services of professional photographers to create such photos. So this research will describe starting from camera operation, some of the techniques used by professional photographers, things that need to be considered in photographing, to tips and tricks for creating good and attractive-looking photos like a professional photographer so that business people can do it themselves. this new pioneering food and beverage. In this study the authors used qualitative methods, made observations of microbusinesses that had just been formed this year, according to the target of the theory writer used are the basic theories of photography itself, but the authors summarize them so that they are shorter, concise and clear, only use the theory used to photograph the food itself to make it easier to understand, for example, camera operating techniques, lighting techniques, composition, to the introduction of various food photography moods, and others.


An efficient knowledge sharing between multiple participating parties is required to provide for situation awareness and consequently to manage any OOTW operation. Thereby it is necessary that the right knowledge from distributed sources is integrated and transferred to the right person within the right context at the right time to the right purpose. The aggregate of these interrelated activities is referred to as knowledge logistics (KL). The paper presents an approach that implements KL for an intelligent support of OOTW. Within the approach KL is coupled with information fusion based on constraint satisfaction methodology. Health service logistics is here considered as one of the approach applications what is illustrated via a case study of on-the-fly portable hospital


To compare clock test deficits in elderly patients with early onset depression (EOD) and late onset depression (LOD), we assessed 32 elderly healthy controls (HCs), 26 patients with EOD, and 27 patients with LOD with the clock drawing test (CDT), clock setting test, clock reading test, and the Tübingen Clock Questionnaire testing semantic memory about clock times. There was no significant difference in depression severity between patients with EOD and LOD. Patients with LOD had significantly lower scores on the CDT than patients with EOD and HCs. Semantic memory impairment concerning minute hand functionality was highly correlated with CDT performance and was significantly different between the EOD and the LOD groups. It can be suggested that significant differences in cognitive impairment severity between patients with EOD and LOD can be detected with CDT. Semantic memory impairment concerning minute hand functionality might affect CDT test results in elderly patients with depression.


The present article has two objectives. The first one is to give an update of thc literature concerning sector-based and territorial regulation after the publication of the book "Theorie de la regulation, l'etat des savoirs" (1995). Tnue new contributions are 0r ganlsed around the nltilns of'productive configuration' and'governance structure', the fornter bringing up the problens regarding the boundaries of the regulation sphere and the plurality of^productive clnfigurations, and the lataer intrlducing the dynanics of collective action. uonsequently there two notions call for a re reading of the regulationist approach which not only involves c and stratesic. )ur second objectivt is to French auricul ture during the period of appropriate for ducribing a plurality of configurations In contrast t0 the representation of a fordist agri culture as a unique productivist configuration regulated by sector-based institutions, our interpretative hypothesis is based on twl clexisting prlductivist agricultura) systems, a first one nade up of nedjun-sized farms supported by the devdopnent of industrial capital and a second one c\nsisting of large-sized farns saeking t0 prltect thenselves fron industrial capita).


The effects of the topographic data source and resolution on the hydraulic modelling of floods were analysed. Seven digital terrain models (DTMs) were generated from three different altimetric sources: a global positioning system (GPS) survey and bathymetry; high‐resolution laser altimetry data LiDAR (light detection and ranging); and vectorial cartography (1:5000). Hydraulic results were obtained, using the HEC‐RAS one‐dimensional model, for all seven DTMs. The importance of the DTM's accuracy on the hydraulic modelling results was analysed within three different hydraulic contexts: (1) the discharge and water surface elevation results from the hydraulic model; (2) the delineation of the flooded area; and (3) the relative sensitivity of the hydraulic model to changes in the Manning's n roughness coefficient. The contour‐based DTM was the least accurate with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 4·5 m in the determination of the water level and a variation of up to 50 per cent in the estimation of the inundated area of the floodplain. The GPS‐based DTM produced more realistic water surface elevation results and variations of up to 8 per cent in terms of the flooded area. The laser‐based model's RMSE for water level was 0·3 m, with the flooded area varying by less than 1 per cent. The LiDAR data also showed the greatest sensitivity to changes in the Manning's roughness coefficient. An analysis of the effect of mesh resolution indicated an influence on the delineation of the flooded area with variations of up to 7·3 per cent. In addition to determining the accuracy of the hydraulic modelling results produced from each DTM, an analysis of the time–cost ratio of each topographic data source illustrates that airborne laser scanning is a cost‐effective means of developing a DTM of sufficient accuracy, especially over large areas. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A patient with atypical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and local synovial synthesis of oligoclonal IgG in an arthritic knee joint is described. Measles virus-specific antibodies isolated from the synovial fluid (SF) were carried by oligoclonal IgG proteins but constituted only a fraction of the total oligoclonal IgG of the SF. Smooth muscle antibodies were markedly increased in the SF compared with the serum and were associated with an electrophoretically restricted fraction of IgG. The results indicate that a local synovial synthesis of measles virus-specific antibodies and of smooth muscle antibodies occurred within the affected joint in our patient.


Background Hypertension associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is known to be associated with myocardial dysfunction. However, early changes are not apparent on conventional echocardiography. Two-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking has been used to detect subtle changes in left ventricular regional function in patients with LVH but little is known of left ventricular rotation, torsion and untwist in hypertensive patients without LVH. Methods We recruited 43 hypertensive patients without LVH on echocardiography (27 women, aged 70 ± 12 years, left ventricular mass index (LVMI) 77 ± 19, left atrial volume index (LAVI) 30 ± 12, ejection fraction (EF) 59 ± 8%) and 30 healthy controls (22 women, aged 69 ± 7 years, LVMI 78 ± 19, LAVI 23 ± 8, EF 63 ± 8%). All underwent full echocardiography and images were analysed offline. 2D speckle tracking was used to study apical rotation and basal rotation. Left ventricular torsion was calculated and corrected to left ventricular length. Left ventricular torsions  =  (apical rotation − basal rotation)/left ventricular length. The amount of left ventricular untwisting at 25%, 50% and 75% of untwisting time were calculated from the apical rotation curve. Results Patients with hypertension had significantly lower apical rotation and left ventricular torsion compared with controls. Apical rotation was 9.62 ± 4.1 degrees and 12.84 ± 3.4 degrees, p = 0.002. Left ventricular torsion was 2.49 ± 0.9 and 3.14 ± 0.5, p = 0.012. Early, mid and late untwist were also more delayed in the patient group. During early left ventricular untwisting, 24 ± 11% untwist was completed in the patient group compared with 31 ± 11% in controls, p = 0.027. This pattern continued through to the mid and late stages of untwist: 50 ± 13% untwist and 59 ± 10% untwist, respectively, completed at 50% of total untwisting time, p = 0.008; 73 ± 9% untwist and 81 ± 8% untwist, respectively, at 75% of total untwisting time, p = 0.011 (see tables 1 and 2). Conclusion Hypertension, before the onset of LVH, is associated with significant systolic and diastolic disturbances. 2D speckle tracking can detect signs of early disease progression.


We present a class of dark matter models, in which the dark matter particle is a feebly interacting massive particle (FIMP) produced via the decay of an electrically charged and/or colored parent particle. Given the feeble interaction, dark matter is produced via the freeze-in mechanism and the parent particle is long-lived. The latter leads to interesting collider signatures. We study current LHC constrains on our models arising from searches for heavy charged particles, disappearing tracks, displaced leptons and displaced vertices. We demonstrate not only that collider searches can be a powerful probe of the freeze-in dark matter models under consideration, but that an observation can lead as well to interesting insights on the reheating temperature and thus on the validity of certain baryogenesis models.


Perpendicular recording media noise is investigated with a microstructure model based upon magnetic clustering for irregular magnetization transitions. This model uses cylinders to account for the distribution of cluster diameters. Quantitative comparisons between experiments and calculations indicate that the cluster-size distribution of media can be estimated from the read/write properties. Estimates show that the cluster-size deviation of perpendicular recording media is somewhat larger than that of longitudinal recording media. Because calculations show that transition jitter depends strongly on the cluster-size distribution, reduction of the cluster-size deviation, as well as reducing the average cluster size, can significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio of perpendicular recording media.


Research background. With the rapid advancement and changes in students' generation, the society needs improvements in the process of the preparing physical education teachers. The process of the preparation requires the development of a practically, individually, creatively, critically minded physical education teacher capable of active and independent problem solving in practice. The article focuses on the process of preparation and improvement of the curriculum for physical education teachers in Lithuania. The aim of the article is to update and compare a new European dimension – a reflective teaching model that encourages the analysis of past activities and the construction of new activities. Laisvalaikio tyrimai: elektroninis mokslo žurnalas, 2017, 2 (10) ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8 The aim of the research was to reveal theoretical assumptions about the application of the reflective model in the training of physical education teachers at a sports university. Conclusions and perspectives: It is important to reform the academic and practical content of studies by creating reflexive physical education teacher training, creating conditions for the reflection of personal and professional identity, developing and integrating reflective model approaches into the content of studies, developing teacher competencies, developing reflective analysis and cooperation and interaction with students in the areas of knowledge, skills and valuables. The reflective model in vocational training of specialists in the work of physical education teachers creates conditions for the development of changes and the search for alternative ways to attract students to enjoy physical activity and fulfill the goal of physical education – to be physically active not only within the school, but also outside it. This goal is developed at a university where universality is particularly emphasized. The argument for the purpose of physical education is part of the research as a training tool for the training of physical education teachers. A combination of practical work and research is necessary as it gives the educators the opportunity to learn themselves to understand their knowledge and maintain opinions. It would also help improve the sometimes extremely good status of the teacher of physical education and enhance the knowledge of the work of a physical education teacher in the practice of professional work.


Removing redundancy in the data is an important problem as it helps in resource and compute efficiency for downstream processing of massive (10 million to 100 million records) datasets. In application domains such as IR, stock markets, telecom and others there is a strong need for real-time data redundancy removal of enormous amounts of data flowing at the rate of 1Gb/s or higher. We consider the problem of finding Range Motifs (clusters) over records in a large dataset such that records within the same cluster are approximately close to each other. This problem is closely related to the approximate nearest neighbour search but is more computationally expensive. Real-time scalable approximate Range Motif discovery on massive datasets is a challenging problem. We present the design of novel sequential and parallel approximate Range Motif discovery and data de-duplication algorithms using Bloom filters. We establish asymptotic upper bounds on the false positive and false negative rates for our algorithm. Further, time complexity analysis of our parallel algorithm on multi-core architectures has been presented. For 10 million records, our parallel algorithm can perform approximate Range Motif discovery and data de-duplication, on 4 sets (clusters), in 59s, on 16 core Intel Xeon 5570 architecture. This gives a throughput of around 170K records/s and around 700Mb/s (using records of size 4K bits). To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest real-time throughput for approximate Range Motif discovery and data redundancy removal on such massive datasets.


Fire has historically been of great ecological importance in the boreal forests of Sweden. The forest fire regime has, however, varied between different parts of the country. The objective of this thesis is therefore to investigate the fire history in Fulufjallet National Park and, on this basis, give suggestions for future fire management.

The reconstruction of fire history was done by cross-dating fire scars in samples taken from living and dead Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). Local fire chronologies were established at 17 points in the forests in and around Fulufjallet National Park by cross-dating fire scars on 54 samples. The oldest year-ring dated from year 968. A total of 28 fires were dated, with the earliest fire in the material occuring in 1142. The average fire interval, which is the time between two fires at one spot, was 136 years for the whole time period from 1336 to 1858. Before the 14th century, the samples are too few to support any conclusions about the length of the average fire interval. After the mid-19th century when timber became valuable, fires were almost completely excluded from these forests, due to efficient fire suppression efforts. Fires before 1336 and after 1858 have therefore been omitted in the calculations of average fire intervals. For the early period from 1336 to 1700, the average fire interval was 210 years. For the period from 1700 to 1858, when the number of inhabitants in this region more than doubled, the average fire interval was shorter; 89 years. This most likely reflects the increased number of fires that intentionally or unintentionally were caused by man.

Since the chronologies in this study have a very good time depth, an average fire interval between 136 and 210 years should be useful as a template for future fire management in the National Park. Fire intervals in the National Park exceed the circa 75 years that earlier studies have found in neighbouring areas. This is probably due to the differences in elevation and topography between Fulufjallet and the other study areas.

On Fulufjallet the alpine areas above the treeline have also burned, something that is otherwise very uncommon in the Swedish alpine region. Lightning ignitions have occurred several times during the last century. The largest fire, according to my sources, occurred in 1959 when 1200 hectares of land burned above the treeline on Fulufjallet. Fires in areas above the tree line have, however, not been dated or included in the calculation of average fire intervals.

In Fulufjallet National Park the possibilities for letting lightning-ignited fires burn under supervision are very good, compared to other protected areas in Sweden. This is especially true for the areas above the tree line, where postponing suppression of the fires should be possible. In the forested parts, however, the decision will, for security reasons, most often be to extinguish fires. The suppression should, if possible, make use of natural fire borders that can be strengthened by watering or burning-out of the fuels ahead of the approaching fire.

To maintain the historic average fire interval of between 136 and 210 years, an average of 34 to 53 hectares of coniferous forest must burn every year in the National Park. Since the majority of the spontaneous forest fires in the area probably will be extinguished, intentional burnings of standing forests are necessary. In this report, suggestions are given on areas where work with prescribed fire in the national park can be initiated.


Arabic education is a very important education, especially in the MI Quhas Primary School Dar Al-Masaleh Jambi. English must be approved by a teacher who has English competence. To improve the quality of learning Arabic in the Mi Quhas Primary School Dar Al-Masaleh Jambi, the first central goal to be addressed is the quality of teachers. This can be done through increasing understanding of learning concepts through training, and increasing the competence of Arabic language teachers. This beacuse teacher has a role in assiting the students in learning. The training and dedication efforts was undertaken by the team leacturer of Arabic language education. It was hope that this activity can help Arabic teachers to have some abilities in Arabic education at the MI Quhas Primary School Dar Al-Masaleh Jambi which can improve the quality of language learning arabic as proven by supporting arabic learning outcomes for students.


Concern is often expressed that, in the future, screening for genetic risk will become too widespread. Haemoglobin disorders (the thalassaemias and sickle cell disorders) offer an excellent model for genetic screening, because they are common and severe. They are recessively inherited. Carriers can be detected by conventional blood tests with an accuracy of 99%, so couples at risk can be identified before they have children and offered genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis. Carrier-screening programmes have been in place in several countries for over 20 years and now offer extensive practical experience of the problems of delivering the service equitably to entire populations. This experience suggests that the main risk is of too little rather than too much genetic screening, and of doing it badly, and demonstrates the need for a discipline of 'community genetics'. Here I propose that modern information technology has a central role in providing communities with adequate access to correct genetic information.


Attendance recording in educational institutions is an imperative task. Most present systems provide database management but still involve laborious manual data entry procedures. The design presented in this paper offers a twofold solution to the problem. It relieves from handling paper records of attendance taken in the class by providing firsthand entry into a portable gadget built around the AVR ATmega8 microcontroller. The attendance entered is firstly stored in the microcontroller's EEPROMfrom where it is transferred to an application software residing on a computer through the serial port. This application stores the attendance data in a database and also displays requested information extracted from them.


Nanocomposites containing Ni or Co or NiCo alloy and nitrogen-doped carbon with diverse ratios have been prepared and utilized as active elements in supercapacitors. The atomic contents of nitrogen, nickel, and cobalt have been adjusted by the supplement amount of Ni and Co salts. In virtue of the excellent surface groups and rich redox active sites, the NC/NiCo active materials exhibit superior electrochemical charge-storage performances. Among these as-prepared active electrode materials, the NC/NiCo1/1 electrode performs better than other bimetallic/carbon electrodes and pristine metal/carbon electrodes. Several characterization methods, kinetic analyses, and nitrogen-supplement strategies determine the specific reason for this phenomenon. As a result, the better performance can be ascribed to a combination of factors including the high surface area and nitrogen content, proper Co/Ni ratio, and relatively low average pore size. The NC/NiCo electrode delivers a maximum capacity of 300.5 C g-1 and superior capacity retention of 92.30% after 3000 unceasing charge-discharge cycles. After assembling it into the battery-supercapacitor hybrid device, a high energy density of 26.6 Wh kg-1 (at 412 W kg-1 ) is achieved, comparable to the recent reports. Furthermore, this device can also power four light-emitting-diode (LED) demos, suggesting the potential practicability of these N-doped carbon compositing with bimetallic materials.


Myeloid sarcoma is an extramedullary tumor consisting of immature hematopoietic cells of granulocytic or monocytic differentiation. While rare, it can be seen in a variety of clinical settings and is most commonly associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). We present a rare case of myeloid sarcoma occurring in the bladder of a 56 year old male. Myeloid sarcoma may be difficult to recognize due to its rarity and clinical and morphologic similarity to many other conditions; however, swift diagnosis is necessary as it is considered equivalent to AML. Prognostic indicators for myeloid sarcoma have not been well established, but survival may be improved by undergoing chemotherapy designed to treat AML.


The sign of the g factor of the 5.241 MeV 5/2+ state in 15O has been determined in an integral transient field measurement in thick iron using the 3He(16O, alpha )15O reaction. After correcting for beam bending the measured rotation was -2.33(85) mrad and a positive moment is assigned to this state. The g factor of the mirror 5.270 MeV 5/2+ state in 15N has been measured by observing the hyperfine modulation of the gamma -ray anisotropy in hydrogen like ions recoiling in vacuum following the 1H(18O, alpha )15N reaction. From the measured spatial frequency the g factor was deduced to be mod g mod =0.94(7). A simultaneous lifetime determination for this state gave a value tau =2.49(24) ps. Combination of these results with previous measurements establishes a value for the isoscalar g factor of g0=+0.60(4).


[reaction: see text] A new synthetic method of chiral beta,beta-disubstituted vinylic sulfoxides bearing various functionalities has been developed by employing Cu-catalyzed conjugate addition of an organozinc reagent to chiral 1-alkynyl sulfoxide. Since the reaction proceeds with very high syn-selectivity, both geometric beta,beta-disubstituted vinylic sulfoxides were stereoselectively synthesized by changing the combination of 1-alkynyl sulfoxide and the organozinc reagent.


Previously published evidence has established major clinical benefits from using computer-aided design, computer-aided manufacturing, and additive manufacturing to produce patient-specific devices. These include cutting guides, drilling guides, positioning guides, and implants. However, custom devices produced using these methods are still not in routine use, particularly by the UK National Health Service. Oft-cited reasons for this slow uptake include the following: a higher up-front cost than conventionally fabricated devices, material-choice uncertainty, and a lack of long-term follow-up due to their relatively recent introduction. This article identifies a further gap in current knowledge – that of design rules, or key specification considerations for complex computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing/additive manufacturing devices. This research begins to address the gap by combining a detailed review of the literature with first-hand experience of interdisciplinary collaboration on five craniofacial patient case studies. In each patient case, bony lesions in the orbito-temporal region were segmented, excised, and reconstructed in the virtual environment. Three cases translated these digital plans into theatre via polymer surgical guides. Four cases utilised additive manufacturing to fabricate titanium implants. One implant was machined from polyether ether ketone. From the literature, articles with relevant abstracts were analysed to extract design considerations. In all, 19 frequently recurring design considerations were extracted from previous publications. Nine new design considerations were extracted from the case studies – on the basis of subjective clinical evaluation. These were synthesised to produce a design considerations framework to assist clinicians with prescribing and design engineers with modelling. Promising avenues for further research are proposed.


To gain insight into the ecological processes driving community reassembly in disturbed ecosystems, we assessed the phylogenetic dispersion of early- and late-successional tree species occurring in lowland forests of northeastern Costa Rica. Early-successional species were more closely related than expected by chance, whereas late-successional species tended to be less closely related than expected by chance. Then, we evaluated temporal changes in the phylogenetic structure of seedling and tree assemblages in four 1-ha plots of secondary forests in this region. We found an increase in the phylogenetic evenness among tree individuals over time in all secondary tree assemblages, indicating that relatedness among tree individuals decreases as succession unfolds. This pattern was jointly promoted by recruitment and mortality processes, suggesting that increasing evenness was caused by the replacement of individuals of early-successional species from closely related lineages by late-successional species belonging to a wider diversity of lineages. Based on species occurrence, however, tree community reassembly did not show any significant phylogenetic trend over time. These results suggest that shifts in species abundance over succession have a greater impact on the phylogenetic structure of the community than the turnover of species. Seedling assemblages showed higher phylogenetic evenness than tree assemblages, suggesting that propagule colonization is an important process driving phylogenetic changes in species composition throughout succession. Overall, our findings showed that the phylogenetic structure of these successional communities varies at two temporal scales. At short timescales, decreased dominance by early-successional species over succession leads to increased evenness among tree individuals. At longer timescales, colonization processes result in increased phylogenetic evenness in seedling communities compared to tree communities, forecasting increasing phylogenetic evenness among adult individuals at late-successional stages.


In this small rural community hospital, the performance of gastrointestinal examinations by a radiologic technologist has proven to be highly successful. This success has been demonstrated both in terms of increased cost-effectiveness and diagnostic quality.


Summary Plants produce myriad aroma compounds—odorous molecules that are key factors in countless aspects of the plant's life cycle, including pollinator attraction and communication within and between plants. For humans, aroma compounds convey accurate information on food type, and are vital for assessing the environment. The phenylpropanoid pathway is the origin of notable aroma compounds, such as raspberry ketone and vanillin. In the last decade, great strides have been made in elucidating this pathway with the identification of numerous aroma‐related biosynthetic enzymes and factors regulating metabolic shunts. These scientific achievements, together with public acknowledgment of aroma compounds' medicinal benefits and growing consumer demand for natural products, are driving the development of novel biological sources for wide‐scale, eco‐friendly, and inexpensive production. Microbes and plants that are readily amenable to metabolic engineering are garnering attention as suitable platforms for achieving this goal. In this review, we discuss the importance of aroma compounds from the perspectives of humans, pollinators and plant–plant interactions. Focusing on vanillin and raspberry ketone, which are of high interest to the industry, we present key knowledge on the biosynthesis and regulation of phenylalanine‐derived aroma compounds, describe advances in the adoption of microbes and plants as platforms for their production, and propose routes for improvement.


Use of nanoparticles as a method for enhancing oil recoveries has become an attractive prospect. Experimental evidence has shown that this technique possesses the ability to improve recoveries via wettability alteration and interfacial tension reduction amongst other strategies. In this study, we analyze the potential of nanoparticles employed in coreflood experiments. Low concentration acid was added to aid in the dispersion of the nanoparticles in the brine by protecting them from being aggregated, while enhancing the stimulation of the tight porous media. Electrokinetics was also implemented following a sequential as well as a simultaneous approach to further stimulate the fluids injected, controlling their mobility, and therefore, increasing the depth of penetration within the porous media. Several coreflood experiments were carried out on highly heterogeneous carbonate samples of Middle Eastern origin with permeabilities of around 0.1 mD. Zeta potential measurements were conducted on the inlet side of the preserved core-plugs after the conclusion of each coreflood. The findings indicated a close connection between the rate of wettability alteration observed over the duration of nano-acid fluid injection and mode of electrokinetic application. The best performing nano-acid fluids correlated with the highest shift in the magnitude of the zeta potential across all tested strategies. Results show that oil recovered via this hybrid technique was mostly 10–15% higher than that derived when only smart brine was employed.


Behaviors and disorders characterized by difficulties with self-regulation, such as problematic substance use, antisocial behavior, and symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), incur high costs for individuals, families, and communities. These externalizing behaviors often appear early in the life course and can have far-reaching consequences. Researchers have long been interested in direct measurements of genetic risk for externalizing behaviors, which can be incorporated alongside other known risk factors to improve efforts at early identification and intervention. In a preregistered analysis drawing on data from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study (N=862 twins) and the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS; N=2,824 parent-child trios), two longitudinal cohorts from the UK, we leveraged molecular genetic data and within-family designs to test for genetic effects on externalizing behavior that are unbiased by the common sources of environmental confounding. Results are consistent with the conclusion that an externalizing polygenic index (PGI) captures causal effects of genetic variants on externalizing problems in children and adolescents, with an effect size that is comparable to those observed for other established risk factors in the research literature on externalizing behavior. Additionally, we find that polygenic associations vary across development (peaking from age 5-10 years), that parental genetics (assortment and parent-specific effects) and family-level covariates affect prediction little, and that sex differences in polygenic prediction are present but only detectable using within-family comparisons. Based on these findings, we believe that the PGI for externalizing behavior is a promising means for studying the development of disruptive behaviors across child development.


The paper explores the literature concerning outcome measures used in health services. The need to measure outcomes subsequent to encounters with health services has been identified and occurs as a result of the current "value for money" approaches being used within the NHS. Provider units are required to establish the effects which interventions have had on the health of each individual using their services, despite the fact that definitions of health outcomes used by both professionals and managers are problematic. It is suggested here, however, that outcome measures which answer all requirements will remain elusive, and their effectiveness will vary according to the circumstances of their generation and use. Moreover, the very use of outcome measures as management tools can lead to a subversion of the meaning which led to their selection in the first place. Managing by (outcome measure) numbers is not a realistic way forward.


Scholars characterize the books by Carter and Williams as a fundamental juxtaposition of legal perspectives on race in the United States, with one author coming from the right and the other from the left; or one informed by a predominantly male point of view and the other female. Even as I acknowledge the force of their respective stylistic, political, and gendered existences, I believe that readers of the books will ultimately conclude that Carter comes from a space of passion and Williams from a space of reason.Williams criticizes rhetorical event as a core of social and legal theory that lacks a starting point of objective truth. Instead, it simply universalizes legal taxonomies, which affect all people -- leaving the human condition up for grabs in the marketplace of categorization. She critiques legal discourse and the rhetoric employed to mask multiple oppressions and racially determined aspects of social engineering. Carter, on the other hand, speaks of rhetoric as a political tool, void of substantive value, widely abused by those cultivating partisan soil.This Review explores two broad areas of inquiry relating to Black American politics and scholarly discourse. It evolves in large measure as a thematic response to important questions about Black consciousness, whose answers ostensibly elude many proponents of its value. The difficulty arises from a lack of meaningful dialogue and abundance of grandiose posturing. Current battles stems from disagreement over the wisdom of affirmative action. It is on this topic, then, that I join the dialogue.The Review provides a cost-benefit analysis of affirmative action and suggests one avenue for moving beyond the name calling that has been less than helpful in resolving racial dilemmas. Carter espouses what Williams demonstrates by example and precept: that the time has come for all writers to move beyond the virulent criticism and to create an above-ground passage for those who possess a nonracist sensibility.


The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance is growing rapidly. Multiple organs including the liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue control insulin sensitivity coordinately, but the mechanism of skeletal muscle insulin resistance has not yet been fully elucidated. However, there is a growing body of evidence that lipotoxicity induced by mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle is an important mediator of insulin resistance. However, some recent findings suggest that skeletal mitochondrial dysfunction generated by genetic manipulation is not always correlated with insulin resistance in animal models. A high fat diet can provoke insulin resistance despite a coordinate increase in skeletal muscle mitochondria, which implies that mitochondrial dysfunction is not mandatory in insulin resistance. Furthermore, incomplete fatty acid oxidation by excessive nutrition supply compared to mitochondrial demand can induce insulin resistance without preceding impairment of mitochondrial function. Taken together we suggested that skeletal muscle mitochondrial overloading, not mitochondrial dysfunction, plays a pivotal role in insulin resistance.


Summary The association between hominids and birds extends back at least one million years. Birds have been and remain an important resource in many local communities. Historically, the Egyptian husbandry of birds was notably extensive, equivalent to the present utilisation of birds in hunting and domestication, especially in Europe, North America and Asia. The modern complexities of sustainable utilisation are demonstrated with a feasibility study from South Africa that involved the Makuleke community and the Kruger National Park. Harvest and reintroduction were tested for the undeniably sustainable resource of redundant second-hatched chicks of African Hawk-eagle Hieraaetus spilogaster, Milky Eagle-owl Bubo lacteus and Southern Ground Hornbill Bucorvus leadbeateri. The technique is feasible but the economic sustainability remains to be determined. Discussion is also presented on the modern concept of sustainable utilisation, the levels at which it can be practiced and the biological risks involved. The features of birds that affect their utilisation are considered and possible avenues for avian research presented, to enhance our knowledge of birds as potential resources and products. The overall emphasis is that biologists must make a proper evaluation of birds as a potential product, so that objective decisions are possible on whether or not to utilise birds as a sustainable resource.


Climate change has affected the seasonal phenology of a variety of taxa, including that of migratory birds and their critical food resources. However, whether climate-induced changes in breeding phenology affect individual fitness, and how these changes might therefore influence selection on breeding date remain unresolved. Here, we use a 36-yr dataset from a long-term, individual-based study of House Wrens (Troglodytes aedon) to test whether the timing of avian breeding seasons is associated with annual changes in temperature, which have increased to a small but significant extent locally since the onset of the study in 1980. Increasing temperature was associated with an advancement of breeding date in the population, as the onset of breeding within years was closely associated with daily spring temperatures. Warmer springs were also associated with a reduced incubation period, but reduced incubation periods were associated with a prolonged duration of nestling provisioning. Nest productivity, in terms of fledgling production, was not associated with temperature, but wetter springs reduced fledging success. Most years were characterized by selection for earlier breeding, but cool and wet years resulted in stabilizing selection on breeding date. Our results indicate that climate change and increasing spring temperatures can affect suites of life-history traits, including selection on breeding date. Increasing temperatures may favor earlier breeding, but the extent to which the phenology of populations might advance may be constrained by reductions in fitness associated with early breeding during cool, wet years. Variability in climatic conditions will, therefore, shape the extent to which seasonal organisms can respond to changes in their environment.


The authors propose a method for solving the stereo correspondence problem. The method consists of extracting local image structures and matching similar such structures between two images. Linear edge segments are extracted from both the left and right images. Each segment is characterized by its position and orientation in the image as well as its relationships with the nearby segments. A relational graph is thus built from each image. For each segment in one image as set of potential assignments is represented as a set of nodes in a correspondence graph. Arcs in the graph represent compatible assignments established on the basis of segment relationships. Stereo matching becomes equivalent to searching for sets of mutually compatible nodes in this graph. Sets are found by looking for maximal cliques. The maximal clique best suited to represent a stereo correspondence is selected using a benefit function. Numerous results obtained with this method are shown. >


Kinetic investigations in Keggin-type phosphotungstic acid catalyzed oxidation of benzyl alcohol by Nchlorosaccharin, (NCSA) in aqueous acetic acid have been studied. Oxidation kinetics of benzyl alcohol by N-chlorosaccharin in presence of Phosphotungstic acid (PTA) shows a first order dependence on NCSA and fractional order on benzyl alcohol and PTA. The variation of [H+] and [saccharin] (reaction product) have insignificant effect on reaction rate. Activation parameters for the reaction have been evaluated from Arrhenius plot by studying the reaction at different temperature. The rate law has been derived on the basis of obtained dat and a plausible mechanism has been proposed.


This study represents an empirical model of cytosine-based optical molecular switch. This possible biomolecular switch has been designed using the first principle approach which is based on density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function. The quantum-ballistic transport property and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of cytosine-based optomolecular switch have been investigated at 25 THz operating frequency. The influence of highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) gaps on the electronic transmission and I-V characteristics has been discussed in detail. The aim of this study is to highlight the minimum conformational change during a single ON-OFF switching cycle. The biomolecule comprises switching behaviour when converts from straightened to twisted form during photo-excitement. The straightened and twisted forms of the molecule are represented as logic `0' and logic `1', respectively. This p and n regions of this switch has been made using electrical doping process. The current through the twisted form of the cytosine biomolecule is ~1000 times higher than the straightened form. The maximum switching ratio 62.1 is obtained at 1 V bias. The origin of the switching behaviour of the biomolecule can be interpreted by quantum-ballistic transport model along with HOMO-LUMO gaps.


Plastics have been used extensively in both food and water packaging because of their inherent properties such as low bulk densities and inertness that make them convenient carrier materials and low risk contaminants. Plastic bottles and sachets used to package iced water that is sold to people in transit points and in moving vehicles have become widespread in the sub-region. However, the packaging revolution has not been correspondingly backed by appropriate plastic waste management policy, which has left many cities in sub-Sahara Africa littered with plastic wastes; thus, creating disgusting visual nuisances and other public health problems. The paper discusses the experiences, challenges and prospects of plastic waste management schemes in Ghana and proposes a new model of fractional levy and polluter tax system to address this environmental eye sore. It is concluded that the current rate of environmental deterioration is likely to persist unless a long term remedial such as the polluter taxation system is carefully worked into plastic wastes management schemes in the region.


The current understanding of nanoparticle-protein interactions indicates that they rapidly adsorb proteins upon introduction into a living organism. The formed protein corona determines thereafter identity and fate of nanoparticles in the body. The present study evaluates the protein affinity of three core-crosslinked polymeric nanoparticles with long circulation times, differing in the hydrophilic polymer material forming the particle surface, namely poly(N-2-hydroxypropylmethacrylamide) (pHPMA), polysarcosine (pSar), and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). This includes the nanotherapeutic CPC634, which is currently in clinical phase II evaluation. To investigate possible protein corona formation, the nanoparticles are incubated in human blood plasma and separated by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4). Notably, light scattering shows no detectable differences in particle size or polydispersity upon incubation with plasma for all nanoparticles, while in gel electrophoresis, minor amounts of proteins can be detected in the particle fraction. Label-free quantitative proteomics is additionally applied to analyze and quantify the composition of the proteins. It proves that some proteins are enriched, but their concentration is significantly less than one protein per particle. Thus, most of the nanoparticles are not associated with any proteins. Therefore, this work underlines that polymeric nanoparticles can be synthesized, for which a protein corona formation does not take place.


This paper proposes an estimation method for the confidence level of feedback information (CLFI), namely the confidence level of reported information in computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) architecture for logic diagnosis. We studied the factors affecting CLFI, such as the measurement system reliability, production context, position of sensors in the acquisition chains, type of products, reference metrology, preventive maintenance and corrective maintenance based on historical data and feedback information generated by production equipments. We introduced the new `CLFI' concept based on the Dynamic Bayesian Network(DBN) approach, Naïve Bayes model and Tree Augmented Naïve Bayes model. Our contribution includes an online confidence computation module for production equipments data and an algorithm to compute CLFI.


Position mobile node coordinate is a key component to determine the accuracy and efficiency of positioning in wireless sensor networks. Flexible location algorithm admits to adjust the accuracy and time cost of positioning based on the users references. This paper develops a location algorithm named Signal Strengthening Dynamic Value (SSDV) based on the database of RSSI to position the mobile node in terms of the value of beacon nodes RSSI. The proposed algorithm has successfully improved the accuracy of mobile nodes positioning and real-time, and simulation results show high performance in effectiveness of the algorithm.


This paper concerns with transient stability control which is part of transient stability assessment which needs to be considered so that the power systems remained intact when failures originating from faults occurred in power systems. Conventional UFLS system is designed to retrieve the balance of generation and consumption following disturbances occurrences in the system. In UFLS method, whenever the system's frequency drops below a predetermined value, the system loads are shed in stages. An efficient UFLS method needs to be devised so as to reduce the impacts of transient disturbance on power systems and prevent total system blackout. In this paper, an emergency control scheme known as the combined UFLS and generator tripping is developed in order to stabilize the system when unstable faults occurred in a power system. The performance of the combined UFLS and generator tripping scheme is compared with the conventional UFLS control scheme. The results show that the combined control scheme performed better.


Industrial automation have been developed mostly the around of motion control systems in which the controlled electric motor have vital role as heart of system. So, motor control systems with a very good performance to a large extent result in optimum performance of the automation of production that this work is associated with increased production and quality of products. In fact, the performance of modern automation systems, which in terms of speed, accuracy, flexibility and performance are defined, mainly related to control strategies. Recent developments in the power electronics industry has led to a significant increase of power that can exchanged by semiconductor equipment. Despite this, most voltage supported by this equipment is a major obstacle in the applications of medium & high Voltage. Multilevel converters have been introduced for such applications. These inverters have less harmonic distortion compared with standard two-level inverters when they are working a switching frequency. Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) newly developed with high energy permanent magnet materials if properly controlled can provide fast dynamic and performance with high efficiency and compatibility are very good in various applications. In spite of all these, motor control including PMSM control is a challenge due to dynamic of very fast motor and very linear models of machines. So, much of motor control development includes extraction of appropriate mathematical models. Modelling & simulation is performed on MATLAB\SIMULINK software.


A field study of the vocal behavior of 22 wild adult female squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) in Parque Nacional del Manu, Peru, found that 21% of vocalizations were "caregiver" calls. Caregiver calls are brief, low frequency calls, often with numerous harmonics, that are addressed by caregivers to their own infants in three contexts: 1) prenurse, signalling the caregiver's location and willingness to nurse; 2) nurse, while nursing; and 3) end nurse, indicating the end of the nursing bout. Three measures (start, end, and peak frequency) of the acoustic structure of the fundamental frequency of the caregiver calls significantly differed across the contexts. Duration of caregiver calls, however, was not distinguished by context. Compared to other primate taxa, the specificity and importance of caregiver calls in squirrel monkey vocal behavior appears unusual, if not unique. That S. sciureus caregiver calls are highly developed and employed so extensively probably follows from an unusual combination of ecological and life history factors. These factors include delayed weaning and large infant body size, high levels of indirect foraging competition which encourages spatial separation, susceptibility to predation, and specialization on a densely foliated, branch‐end microhabitat in which visual contact is often impeded. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In this contribution we present the detection of two WHIM filaments in the Chandra-LETG spectrum of Mkn 421. This spectrum has been obtained following 2 of our pre-approved Target of Opportunity requests to observe Blazars in outburst to efficiently 'X-ray' the IGM at high spectral resolution. These observations caught the source at the unprecedented levels of 60 and 40 mCrab in the soft X-ray (0.5-2 keV) band. We detect, for the first time, two WHIM filaments at redshifts of z=0.011 and z=0.027, respectively. Based on these two detections and on the upper limits on associated HI and OVI absorption as inferred from the HST and FUSE spectra of Mkn 421, we estimate a number of WHIM filaments per unit redshift, with He-like ion columns $N_{X} \gs 8 \times 10^{14}$ cm$^{-2}$ of $dN/dz = 67^{+88}_{-43}$, and a baryon mass density of $\Omega_b = 0.021^{+0.028}_{-0.014}$, virtually all of the 'missing baryons' at $z\lt1$.To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html


ABSTRACT Natural hybrids between Ficus septica and two closely related dioecious species, F. fistulosa and F. hispida, were confirmed using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and chloroplast DNA markers. Ficus species have a highly species-specific pollination mutualism with agaonid wasps. Therefore, the identification of cases in which breakdown in this sophisticated system occurs and the circumstances under which it happens is of interest. Various studies have confirmed that Ficus species are able to hybridize and that pollinator-specificity breakdown can occur under certain conditions. This study is the first example in which hybrid identity and the presence of hybrids in the natural distribution of parental species for Ficus have been confirmed with molecular markers. Hybrid individuals were identified on three island locations in the Sunda Strait region of Indonesia. These findings support Janzen's (1979) hypothesis that breakdown in pollinator specificity is more likely to occur on islands. We hypothesized that hybrid events could occur when the population size of pollinator wasps was small or had been small in one of the parental species. Later generation hybrids were identified, indicating that backcrossing and introgression did occur to some extent and that therefore, hybrids could be fertile. The small number of hybrids found indicated that there was little effect of hybridization on parental species integrity over the study area. Although hybrid individuals were not common, their presence at multiple sites indicated that the hybridization events reported here were not isolated incidences. Chloroplast DNA haplotypes of hybrids were not derived solely from one species, suggesting that the seed donor was not of the same parental species in all hybridization events.


In this study, we identi�ed a total of 492 DEGs, including 176 up-regulated and 316 down-regulated DEGs. GO analysis showed that the up-regulated DEGs are mainly involved in cell division, nucleus and protein binding. The down-regulated DEGs mainly involve immune response, extracellular exosome and calcium ion binding. Top �ve enriched pathways obtained in the KEGG pathway analysis are pathways in cancer, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, focal adhesion, the PI3K-akt signaling pathway and ECM-receptor interaction. Top 10 up-regulated hub genes identi�ed from the PPI network are AURKA, CDC6, CCNA2, CDCA8, NUSAP1, CDK1, CCNB1, CCNB2, UBE2C, HMMR. The top 10 down-regulated hub genes are IGF1, JUN, FGF2, CXCL12, KIT, PTGS2, LEP, EGF, EGR1, FOS. Survival analysis showed that the expression levels of WIF1 (P = 0.019) and HMMR (P = 0.027) were correlated with the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. In addition, gene expression and methylation analysis showed that COL11A1 is highly expressed and hyper-methylation. MMP1 is highly expressed and hypo-methylation. SFRP1, WIF1 is low expressed and hyper-methylation in breast cancer. In terms of tumor purity and immune cell in�ltration analysis, Interestingly, it is found that HMMR makes a strong connection with B Cell, CD8 + T Cell, neutrophil, dendritic cell (P <0.05). MMP1 was negtively associated with tumor purity. The use of bioinformatics can effectively analyze the data of the gene chip, obtain the inherent information of the organism, and provide the basis for the next experiment. This study identi�es key genes and pathways in breast cancer that will advance our understanding of molecular mechanisms.


Major research efforts are being focused on the significant usage of the alternative building materials and techniques and on resource optimization for improving the effectiveness of cost and time of a construction project. Unless proper resources are planned and procured, no activity can be executed according to a prefixed time schedule. Project managers must take complex decisions under uncertainty conditions that sometimes extend beyond task durations. This paper provides an overview of the study dealing with the usage of alternative building materials and techniques and resource optimization. The study has been carried out as two parts. In the first part, factors affecting the cost and time overruns of a project is studied and a rate analysis of various building materials and techniques are made and the percentage savings from each alternative material and technique is determined. In the second part of the study, with the aid of planning software- Primavera, a schedule for various activities of the project are prepared and resource optimization methods are carried on it. The results indicate that the growth in building materials and techniques has major advantages such as recycling of wastes, cost reduction, time reduction, less man-power required, at the same time ensuring desired response of materials to fire, long term performance and durability. Resource optimization by resource levelling technique can be done to all the resources available at the project site and the activities with over allocated resources are eliminated which ensured reduction of the project cost. The requisite data has been collected from the detailed specifications, local availability of materials and prevailing site conditions.


The acidogenesis stage in two-stage anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent (POME) was studied in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). This research investigated the effect of agitation rate on the growth of microorganisms, the degradation of organic substances, and volatile fatty acids (VFA) production and composition. Initially, the suitable loading up was determined by varying the HRT 6.7, 5.0, and 4.0 days in a 2 L CSTR with agitation rate 50 rpm, pH 6.0 ± 0.2, at room temperature. Next, effect of agitation on the process was determined by varying agitation rate at 25, 50, 100, and 200 rpm. Analysis of total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), total suspended solids (TSS), volatile suspended solids (VSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were conducted in order to study the growth of microorganisms and their abilities in converting organic compound to produce VFA. The highest growth of microorganisms was achieved at HRT 4.0 day with microorganism concentration was 20.62 mg VSS/L and COD reduction was 15.7%. The highest production of total VFA achieved was 5,766.61 mg/L mg/L at agitation rate 200 rpm, with concentration of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid were 1,889.23; 1,161.43; and 2,725.95 mg/L, respectively. While degradation VS and COD were 16.61 and 38.79%.


This edition of GIN comes to you ahead of the British Society of Gastroenterology Annual Scientific Meeting, due to be held in Birmingham on 10−13 March 2008. The conference promises to address a variety of concerns facing nurses practising in the field of gastroenterology today, including new treatments for diseases such as IBD, and the pharmacological and surgical management of a range of GI conditions. Some of these topics are featured in this issue. In their article, Jamie Murphy and colleagues (p 32) discuss new ways to manage faecal incontinence. This condition is common, affecting 2% of the adult population, and the article focuses on advanced surgical techniques that can be used in patients where conservative treatment has failed.


The use of natural fibres as reinforcement in composite materials has increased over the years due to the rapid demand for renewable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly materials in many applications. The most common and adopted natural fibres used as reinforcements are flax, kenaf, hemp, jute, coir, sisal, and abaca. However, sugar palm fibre (SPF) as one of the natural fibres is gaining acceptance as a reinforcement in composites, though it has been known for decades in the rural communities for its multipurpose traditional uses. Sugar palm fibre (SPF) is extracted from sugar palm tree typically from its four morphological parts, namely, trunk, bunch, frond, and the surface of the trunk, which is known as Ijuk. In this paper, sugar palm tree, its fibre and composites, and biopolymers derived from its starch are discussed. Major challenges and the way forward for the use of sugar palm fibre and its composites are highlighted. This review also opens areas for further research on sugar palm fibre and its composites for academia and industries.


In this paper, we present a novel method of optimization of a single-mode cavity used for sintering ceramics. The goal of the optimization is to maximize the electric energy stored in the dielectric and minimize spatial variations of the field in the domain occupied by the material. Results of simulations of two configurations are discussed.


ABSTRACT Several cracked chevron-notched Brazilian disk (CCNBD) and hollow center cracked disk (HCCD) samples of crystalline building stones naming Maroon, Baghat, and Neiriz in Iran, bearing the same calcite mineralogy and different grain size distributions were numerically modeled using three-dimensional particle flow code, with the respective microscopic mechanical properties measured through calibration technique. The simulation of CCNBD and HCCD samples highlights higher toughness compared to laboratory measurements. The values regarding HCCD samples are in a better agreement with experimental results than those regarding the CCNBD samples. The principal objective was to evaluate the reliability of numerical simulations in estimating fracture toughness and to recognize the mechanism and the mode of failure, of which laboratory tests are incapable. At microscales, failures occurring due to tensile or shear loadings may not be subsumed within any category as such at macroscales with failure modes I and II. Experimental and numerical results show that the KIC values determined from both CCNBD and HCCD samples have a negative correlation with the grain size distributions of the marbles. However, no specific trend as such was identified for KIIC.


Decision-making is a region of intense study in agriscience and cognitive agriscience. In real, World decision processes, management decisions emerge from complexly interlinked. Question is how farmer make decisions. Brain considers sources of information before decision. In particular, the processes by which individuals reach decisions have been ignored. Problems confronting decision makers often embody conflicting values. Farmer often fails to design 'rational' decisions. When faced with obscure decision, farmers engage in strategic simplifications of decision problems. How do farmers coordinate their activity when making a decision? This proposal explores certain agri-underpinnings in farmer's decision modeling. Brain structures suggest that brain considers various sources of information before making decision, Brain imaging technologies have stimulated agri (farmers) studies of internal order of mind and its links with bandwidth of human decisions, how is (farmers) decision making processes carried out in brain? What are the limits of understanding thinking as a form of computing? How does previous experience alter behavior? Do we interpret research findings when agri (farmers) logical results conflict? Imaging is an important aspect of dynamic capabilities and there is an increasing amount of evidence of how evolutionary patterns are shaped, There are yet unsolved problems in (farmers) cognition, although some of these problems have evidence supporting a hypothesized solution, and the field is rapidly evolving, What are the general implications of agri (farmers) management? There are unsolved Research issues; how does Farmer decide in a state of vacillation, Risk and Probability? How does a Farmer decide in state of VUCA (Uncertainty, Vulnerability, Complexity and Ambiguity? How do we make decisions?


This paper introduces statistical tools for the analysis of POL-inSAR data acquired over natural environments. Maximum likelihood procedures are provided to test particular structures of POL-inSAR data presentations an to estimate relevant parameters. These particular configurations concern the stationarity of the separate POLSAR information between, the equality of the optimal POL-inSAR projection vectors and the presence of reflection symmetry.


out to he a manual for medical and nursing staff involved in intensive care in one institution difficult to apply to another. In their preface, Drs. Jones and O\';en-Thomas state that the presentation has heen deliberately made simple in some sections, while in others the subject matter is dealt with in considerable detail. These alterations in emphasis can he rather confusing to the reader, although the\' may be suitable for the purposes for which they were written. Two chapters on newborn infants contributed h\' Dr. Paul Swwr of the Toronto Children';.; Hospital are of particular value. The chapter on hasic physiology contains a very large section on pulmonary physiology with a numher of nomograms for estimating effective shunt and alveolar to arterial oxygen tension gradients. By contrast, the chapter on upper airway ohstruction is surprisingly hrief, and the section on acute epiglottitis would not fit the picture of this disease seen in Australian cities (Benjamin, 1!)70) . The hook is illustrated with a number of charts, graphs and line drawings, the quality and clarity of the latter being particularly praiseworthy. The text is unfortunatel~' marred hy' an irritating number of misprints which could in some cases he misleading. This hook is recommended for all who are interested in the problems of paediatric and neonatal intensive care, but not necessaril\' as a manual. It would be valuable reading for postgraduate anaesthetists, hut it is difficult to recommend it unreservedly to nursing staff.


During his stay in Dresden in 1867, William James consulted a Dr Carus. The 1920 edition of James' letters identifies him as the famous physician, psychologist, and painter Carl Gustav Carus. The 1995 edition of James' correspondence erroneously takes him to be 'an unidentified physician' in Berlin. Most probably James consulted not the famous Dr Carus but his son, Albert Gustav Carus, the identification of the 1920 edition constituting a case of what R. K. Merton called the Matthew effect.


A versatile new fluorogenic Schiff base probe (L) has been synthesized by the reaction of quinoline-2-carbohydrazide (which acts as the chelating site) and 4-dimethylamino cinnamaldehyde (which acts as the signaling unit). L can sense three of the most biologically and environmentally important metal ions, Zn(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+), among various tested metal ions through selective TURN-ON fluorescence responses in physiological pH. Interestingly, L can not only sense Zn(2+), Cd(2+) and Pb(2+) fluorometrically in physiological conditions but can also distinguish one from another by exhibiting individual intrinsic left-right-center TURN-ON emission signal swings. These selective fluorescence responses were explained by a chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) mechanism. Theoretical calculations were carried out to ascertain the preferred L-metal ion binding mode.


The spread of modernist painting in the early-twentieth-century United States was met with cries of "degeneracy" and "homosexual conspiracy." This essay explores the claims and counter-claims. Above all, Stoneley argues that the battles reflected larger shifts in art-world authority, with the museums and the "museum professional" emerging as controlling forces.