Installation stirrup teeth is one of the health services in the field of dentistry in particular handled by dentists orthodontic specialists. Installation stirrup dental work done because of several factors involving the teeth and bones to prevent malocclusion and dental disease due its function does not work properly. However, the medical action in the installation of dental braces under the authority of orthodontic specialist dentist abused by general dentists. Issues to be discussed in this paper is whether a general dentist in installing stirrup teeth should be an authority of a specialist dentist orthodontic included into acts of abuse of authority, how the relationship mounting stirrup teeth with health measures according to the Law of the Medical Practice and how the legal responsibility of doctors general dental practice outside the authority. The method used is the juridical-normative. Normative juridical-legal approach is to look at the regulations in both the primary legal materials and secondary materials or approaches to problems with the way in terms of the legislation in force. This research was conducted by examining the data and the literature which is a secondary material in the form of legislation, theory, literature, internet, lectures, legal documents relating to the health of the abuse of authority committed by a general dentist. In analyzing the data, the author uses descriptive analytical method that analyzes data describing precisely analyzed in order to clarify an issue. Results from this study showed that general dentists who perform authorized specialist dentist orthodontic included into acts of abuse of authority, which is an effort to preventive health (disease prevention) and general dentists should be held responsible in law is divided into two forms of default and tort. Not only is legally responsible for general dentists should ethically responsible and professional.


Abstract One method of studying the functional morphology of estuaries and the potential implications of developments is presented. The approach makes use of a hybrid modelling approach to predict the state of the estuary relative to its present day target steady state. The technique has now been applied to a number of UK estuaries, which allows the variability between systems to be illustrated. For one of the estuaries a range of modifications has been examined to try and identify how the functional behaviour of the system might be affected (e.g. remove flood banks) and these are discussed. Experience to-date has shown that this approach helps to develop an understanding of gross system behaviour and how this might change in the future. It does not provide detailed predictions for specific locations within the estuary, although the role of particular components in the system is highlighted.


The motion of periodically moving organs can be studied by acquisition of dynamic image series. When time is short, it is necessary either to find a sync signal to sum synchronous images in real time or to acquire a regular time series and to synchronize a posteriori. Dynamic acquisitions were performed (gastric and lung studies). The activity in each pixel of the moving organ can be expressed as h(t) = a0 + a1 cos(ω0t−&phgr;). The time-activity curve u(t) over a region of interest (ROI) of the considered organ was computed. When the ROI is well chosen, the power spectrum of u(t) exhibits a sharp peak near the characteristic frequency of the periodic motion. The DC component, amplitude and phase in each pixel can be then estimated by minimizing the following function: J = Σ[h(t)−g(t)]2, where g(t) is a noisy measurement of h(t). It is then easy to reconstruct an a posteriori gated time series by computing h(t) for various times over a single period. This approach was successful in characterizing lung and gastric motions. Dynamic series were acquired as for gastric emptying studies. The characteristic frequency of antral motility was easily and unambiguously estimated and DC, amplitude and phase images were computed. Dynamic pulmonary functional imaging was performed with 81Krm. The characteristic frequency was also easily estimated from the time-activity curve power spectrum using a ROI drawn over the lower part of the lungs. The DC, amplitude and phase images were then computed from the dynamic series and the characteristic frequency. In conclusion, a posteriori gating of dynamic series of periodically moving organs can be achieved in a simple fashion. This approach overcomes the difficulty of direct analysis of time-activity curves and provides amplitude and phase images.


Evidence from cross-sectional and case-control studies in various populations demonstrates that adult smokers are approximately three times as likely as non-smokers to have periodontitis. The association between smoking and attachment loss is even stronger when the definition of periodontitis is restricted to the most severely affected subjects. Smokers have a diminished response to periodontal therapy and show approximately half as much improvement in probing depths and clinical attachment levels following non-surgical and various surgical modalities of therapy. Implant failures in smokers are twice those of non-smokers, with a higher failure rate in the maxillary arch accounting for the majority of the difference. Tobacco-induced alterations in microbial and host factors contribute to these deleterious effects of smoking on the periodontium. In longitudinal studies, the rate of periodontal disease progression is increased in smokers, but decreases to that of a non-smoker following tobacco cessation. Likewise, recent non-smokers respond to periodontal therapy in a manner similar to patients who have never smoked. Data regarding the impact of smoking on periodontal status included in this review will be helpful to dental health professionals as they counsel their patients regarding tobacco use. The role of dental health professionals in tobacco cessation is discussed, including the use of the five A's: ask--identify tobacco users; advise--advise them to quit; assess--evaluate the patient's readiness to quit; assist--offer assistance in cessation; and arrange--follow up on the patient's cessation efforts. The addition of pharmacotherapy to behavioral therapy, including nicotine replacement therapy and bupropion, can increase cessation rates. The most popular form of nicotine replacement therapy is the patch, and its use has been shown to double cessation rates compared to behavioral therapy alone. Use of bupropion in combination with nicotine replacement therapy may be particularly helpful for heavy smokers or smokers who have experienced multiple failed attempts at cessation. The American Academy of Periodontology Parameters of Care include tobacco cessation as a part of periodontal therapy, and the 2000 Surgeon General's Report on Oral Health in America encourages dental professionals to become more active in tobacco cessation counseling. Doing so will have far-reaching positive effects on our patients' oral and general health.


In modern radar systems, using stepped-frequency pulse train is an effective approach to achieve high-range resolution (HRR) with narrow instantaneous bandwidth and low system complexity. However, if the parameters of stepped-frequency (SF) radar (such as single pulse bandwidth, frequency step size and sampling instant) are not prudently designed, 'ghost image' phenomenon (also called range ambiguity in some literature) will corrupt the synthetic HRR profiles. The relationship between parameters of the SF radar and the ghost images is provided analytically. A new synthetic range profiling algorithm is developed to generate HRR profiles without ghost images by using the least-squares (LS) estimation. For targets with negligible radial velocities, the new LS profiling algorithm can eliminate the ghost images successfully, and introduces less signal-to-noise ratio loss. With this algorithm, the restriction on the frequency step size is less rigid than the traditional unambiguous criterion. Consequently, a higher range resolution could be obtained. Simulations and field experimental results are also presented.


Plankton is the important organisms in aquatic ecosystems. Kreo river subjacent landfill leachate tank Jatibarang interchangeable physicochemical changes by leachate contaminants which enter the river due to leakage of leachate tank. The will impact on the diversity and abundance of plankton. The aims of this study is apperceiving Jatibarang leachate influence the diversity and abundance of plankton in Kreo River. The study was conducted from April to May 2015. Plankton samples taken by purposive sampling using a plankton net which 25 number with a mesh size of 40 µm. Sampling was conducted plankton with four stations of three sampling each points of stations and physicochemical measurements that include temperature, brightness, pH, COD, and BOD. That are contaminated leachate of II stations with an index of H' value 1.40 and abudance 75 ind/l and the stations III with index H' value 1,53 and abudance 95 ind/l. The location padding contaiminatef leachate that the stations I had an index value H' 195 and abudance values 191 ind/l and stations which has undergone restoration gas an index value H' 2,07 and abudance 207 ind/l. From the results shows that Jatibarang landfill leachate that entered the Kreo River affect the physicochemichal conditions of water allows for lowering the diversity and abudance of plankton  Keywords: leachate, landfill Jatibarang, plankton, Kreo river


The paper considers the organizational planning principles and approaches for multimodal transport between Ukraine and other countries, the studies of which are conducted within the institutional Twinning project in the field of multimodal transport and logistics. The subject of the research is the planning process of multimodal routes in Ukraine to determine the success of projects on providing the rail transport services, which meet the international quality standards. The studies are based on the adaptability of the organizational principles of the rail multimodal transport in Ukraine to advanced experience of experts of the French railways (SNCF). The analysis of the current state of the development problem of the multimodal transport in Ukraine is given in the paper. The organizational planning principles for the multimodal transport were determined, for what the key aspects of the project were defined, the development strategy was formed and brief analysis of the effectiveness of potential multimodal projects was carried out. The conducted studies allow using the scientific and practical approaches to determine the success of potential projects on providing the rail transport services.


During the last decade, empowered by the technological advances of mobile devices and the revolution of wireless mobile network access, crowdsourced live streaming has become more popular. Ensuring a stable high-quality playback experience is necessary to maximize the number of viewers and profits for content providers. Additionally, because of the instability of network conditions and the heterogeneity of the end-users capabilities, transcoding the original video into multiple bitrates is required. Video transcoding is a computationally exhaustive process, where generally a single cloud instance needs to be reserved to produce one single video bitrate representation. On-demand renting of resources or inadequate resources pre-renting may cause delay of the video playback or serving the viewers with a lower quality. On the other hand, if resources provisioning is much higher than required, the extra resources will be wasted. In this paper, we introduce our resources reservation framework for geo-distributed cloud sites, to maximize the Quality of Experience (QoE) of viewers and minimize the cost to the content providers. First, we formulate an offline optimization problem to allocate transcoding resources at the viewers' proximity, while creating a trade off between the network cost and viewers QoE. Second, based on the optimizer resource allocation decisions on historical live videos, we create our time series datasets containing historical records of the optimal resources needed at each geo-distributed cloud site. Finally, we adopt machine learning to build our distributed time series forecasting models to proactively forecast the exact needed transcoding resources ahead of time at each geo-distributed cloud site.


There is growing debate in contemporary life over the roles played by algorithms when we browse online. In particular, concerns are raised that algorithmic processes to index, filter and personalise content can 'manipulate' user behaviours in ways that lead to detrimental outcomes both online and offline. This short paper reports on ongoing work to examine how users interact with algorithms when undertaking browsing tasks online. Drawing on insights from ethnomethodology and conversation analysis, this video-based approach produces rich and detailed observations of user behaviour and reveals several relevant patterns of interest. Our findings highlight that both user-algorithm interaction and users' own practical reasoning play key roles in shaping the browsing experience.


With the rapid growth of computer networks during the past few years, security has become a crucial issue for modern computer systems. A good way to detect illegitimate use is through monitoring unusual user activity. This can be achieved with an Intrusion Detection System, which identifies attacks and reacts by generating alerts or by blocking the unwanted data/traffic. These systems are mainly classified as Anomaly based Intrusion Detection Systems and Misuse based Intrusion Detection Systems. Anomaly based Intrusion Detection System has the benefit of detecting novel attacks but has a high false positive rate. On the other hand, Misuse based systems are signature based having higher accuracy. Misuse based Intrusion Detection System fails to detect novel attacks. To overcome these limitations, both Anomaly based and Misuse based Intrusion Detection Systems should be combined to form a new Hybrid Intrusion Detection System. A new Hybrid Intrusion Detection System is proposed. In this system, fuzzy data-mining concept based on genetic algorithm is used as an intrusion detection system. KDD dataset is used to train the system and test the system.


Undoped GaAs epilayers are grown on heavily In‐doped dislocation‐free GaAs substrates by the organometallic vapor‐phase epitaxial method. Some phenomena related to the misfit dislocation generation caused by the lattice mismatch between epilayer and substrate are investigated as a function of epilayer thickness. As the epilayer thickness increases, the surface morphology changes from mirrorlike to a streaky or cross‐hatched pattern, and also the perpendicular lattice constant increases gradually from the lattice constant of coherently grown epilayers to that inherent in pure GaAs. These phenomena are related to the relaxation process from the coherently grown crystalline lattice to that inherent in GaAs by generation of misfit dislocations. This relaxation process is also ascertained by both the increase of the exciton peak energy implying the recovery of the biaxial tensile strain and the increase of etch pit density, revealing the generation of the misfit dislocations at the epilayer/substrate interface.


This chapter begins by clarifying the use of the term "neoliberal patterns of governance". It discusses the notion of governmentality as a powerful driver of neoliberalism, in creating so‐called "self‐managed" subjects. The chapter draws attention to a curious contradiction in this logic. It demonstrates how policy texts, that appear to bring new ideas and forms of knowledge, simply reinforce an ongoing and alarming tendency to drive out human characteristics. With reference to a corpus‐ based Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), the chapter reveals powerful ideological underpinnings of technological references in global higher education (HE) policy documents. It shows the grounding of these texts in particular epistemological assumptions, and reveals how these translate into concrete policies. The chapter explores further routes through the question of "who drives the drivers?" It seeks to intervene subversively at several levels into the current discourse of global educational reform. The Wiley Handbook of Global Educational Reform The Wiley Handbook of Global Educational Reform 20181011 Related Information Details © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords critical discourse analysis global educational reform governmentality higher education policy neoliberal patterns Publication History


Birds display a spectacular range of plumage pigmentation. The purpose of this thesis was to elucidate genetic mechanisms that contribute to pattern formation on individual feathers and the body.

In study I and II, we investigated two barring patterns in chicken. We show that in the Fayoumi breed autosomal barring is associated with a 1Mb un-recombined region on chromosome 11, which contains the MC1R gene. Our functional analysis strongly suggests that autosomal barring is primarily caused by activating MC1R mutations and that other loci contribute to the appearance of the pattern. In study II, we demonstrate that sex-linked barring is created by a combination of cis-regulatory and missense mutations in the CDKN2A/ ARF gene. We demonstrate that the up-regulation of CDKN2A expression is caused by non-coding mutation(s) and is resulting in a dilute barring pattern. Functional testing revealed that the two missense mutations in ARF hamper its function and restrict the diluting effect of the non-coding mutations. Only the combination of both regulatory and missense mutations generates clear barring pattern as observed e.g. in the Barred Plymouth Rock. In study III and IV, we investigated the genetic mechanisms driving pigment pattern variation in the ruff (Philomachus pugnax). We first identified a 4.5 Mb inversion to be associated with the two male reproductive morphs called satellite and faeder. These morphs differ substantially in behavior, reproductive strategy, body size and plumage appearance between each other as well as from the third, more prevalent morph, the independent. The inversion disrupts the CENPN gene making this genomic re-arrangement homozygous lethal. We identified a large set of variants; among them four missense mutations in MC1R associated with the Satellite allele. In study IV, we explored whether these MC1R mutations are contributing to the light display plumage of the satellite morph. Our data shows that MC1R is up-regulated in all coloured satellite feathers and that this is due to a higher expression of the Independent allele. Evaluation of MC1R signaling in cell culture models subsequently revealed that the mutations alter receptor properties such as cAMP production, sensitization and surface expression but also suggests that transfection assays using mammalian cells might not reveal the complex function MC1R is most likely having in avian melanocytes.


Usually spy robots with Bluetooth connection monitor small area, here we are replacing Bluetooth by GSM which can monitor over a larger area. The project is designed to develop a robotic vehicle using GSM. Here we have used human, metal, and object detectors which works sequentially. In this implementation of Defense security systems, when an unauthorized person or vehicle enters a monitored area, detectors will immediately send an indication whether it is a friend or foe to the control room (commando). The Commando can understand that an eventuality has happened in the host section. When the commandos in the control room, get an indication by a buzzer, either an object or metal is detected. They can view all information of the monitored area through web cam. This robot with a camera can wirelessly transmit real time video with night vision capabilities.


This study developed a real-time wave prediction system by using SWAN (Simulating WAves Nearshore) with the data of hourly analyzed atmospheric GPV (Grid Point Value). The validity of this system was carried out by comparing the predictions with observations from NOWPHAS (Nationwide Ocean Wave information network for Ports and HArbourS) during one month of December, 2007. The predicted wave heights and periods well corresponded to the observed ones. By using this system, wave situations at present and short-term future can be estimated for locations where there are no wave observation equipments.


This paper studies cooperation and social screening among expert chess players. It employs a large international panel dataset with controls for fixed effects, age, sex, nationality and playing strength where the latter accounts for productivity differences. With a female share below 15 percent both sexes screen women by cooperating more with men, especially professionals. With a female share above 15 percent, women cooperate more with women. Countrymen cooperate more than players of different nationalities, and language and geographic proximity also affect cooperation. The paper gives support to quota-based admission of women and minority groups in intellectually demanding professions.


This paper proposes a method in which the body surface is reconstructed from a point cloud (set of points) on the human body acquired by a device such as a laser range finder. The method constructs the surface appropriately for the human body by clustering the point cloud at body sections such as the chest and the upper arm. The clustering is performed as follows. A simple human model composed of cylinders, ellipsoidal columns, and hemispheres is assumed. The posture is estimated by matching the human body model to the point cloud data. Based on the estimated posture, the point cloud is assigned to body sections. Since the posture is inferred from the point cloud, the method is effective not only for an upright standing posture, but for point cloud data obtained from an arbitrary posture. Experiments were performed to apply the method to simulation data and measured data, and it was shown that a realistic surface could be reconstructed. The surface can be reconstructed for postures other than the upright standing posture. The effectiveness of the proposed method is thus verified. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(11): 44–56, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ scj.20230


Abstract 3234 Poster Board III-171 Gene therapy has been recently postulated as a realistic therapeutic potential for thalassemia and the mobilized autologous hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) may represent the preferable source of stem cells for genetic modification due to the higher yield of HSCs compared to conventional bone marrow (bm) harvest. We have previously shown (manuscript under revision) that G-CSF mobilization in the HBB th-3 thalassemic mouse model is less efficient compared to normal C57Bl6 strain, mainly due to increased trapping of hematopoietic stem (Lin - sca-1 + ckit + –LSK) and progenitor cells (CFU-GM) in the enlarged thalassemic spleen. The novel mobilizer, AMD3100 (plerixafor, mozobil), has been shown to reversibly bind to CXCR4 and inhibit the interaction between SDF-1 and CXCR4 within the bm microenvironment, resulting in the egress of CD34+ cells into the circulation of healthy donors and cancer patients. The addition of AMD to G-CSF results in even greater increases in circulating CD34+cells. We explored in the current study whether AMD alone or in combination with G-CSF improves the mobilization efficiency of thalassemic mice. C57 and HBB th-3 mice received G-CSF-alone at 250microgr/kgX7 days, AMD-alone at 5mg/kgX3 days or the combination of two with AMD administered in the evening of days 5-7 of G-CSF administration. Hematopoietic tissues (blood, bm, spleen) were collected and the absolute LSK and CFU-GM numbers were calculated based on their frequency within tissues (by FCM and clonogenic assays) in relation to the individual cell count per tissue. AMD-alone didn9t significantly affect the HSC yield as compared to G-CSF mobilization in thal mice (LSK/μl blood: 103±85 vs 69±26 p=ns), although it significantly increased the circulating Colony Forming Cells (CFU-GM/ml blood: 1205±533 vs 330±87, p=0,05). In contrast, the AMD+G-CSF combination significantly improved the mobilization efficiency of HBB th-3 mice over the G-CSF-treated group (LSK cells/μl blood: 224±104 vs 69±26 p=0,04, CFU-GM/ml blood: 1671±984 vs 330±87 p=0,05, respectively) at levels comparable to normal mice treated with G-CSF (LSK cells/ μl blood: 241±167, CFU-GM/ml blood: 1235±1140, respectively). AMD induced a "detachment" of stem cells from the bm because reduced numbers of bm LSK cells were counted in the AMD-alone group as compared to the untreated group (LSK/2 femurs×10 3 : 692±429 vs 1687±1016, respectively, p=0,05). This was in contrast to the marrow hyperplasia caused by G-CSF over the steady-state condition (LSK/2 femurs×10 3 : 2684±1743 vs 1687±1016 p=0,02 / CFU-GM/2femurs:111.841±15.391 vs 76.774±31.728 p=0,01). Consequently, the combination of AMD+G-CSF resulted in increased numbers of circulating stem and progenitor cells without inducing marrow hyperplasia as compared to steady-state condition (LSK/2femurs×10 3 : 1681±862 vs 1686±1017, p=ns / CFU-GM/2femurs: 76.774±31.728 vs 82.905±26.277, p=ns). AMD, also in contrast to G-CSF, did not cause increased trapping of stem and progenitor cells in the spleen compared to the untreated condition (LSK cells/spleen×10 3 : 4738±2970 vs 8303±4166 p=ns / CFU-GM/spleen:146.269±93.174 vs 98.518±25.549, p=ns). However, the combination of AMD+G-CSF still resulted in splenic sequestration of progenitor cells (CFU-GM/spleen: 412.176±157.417 vs 98.518±25.549, p=0,0003) but not of LSK cells (LSK cells/spleen×10 3 : 10.200±7.260 vs 8.300±4.166 p=ns). Overall, the combination of AMD3100+G-CSF seems to restore the less efficient mobilization in a thalassemic mouse model. This combination may prove beneficial in a GT setting for obtaining the high numbers of HSCs needed for genetic correction. In addition, the combination of AMD3100+G-CSF, by avoiding the marrow hyperplasia induced by G-CSF alone, indicates a better safety profile because it will not further burden the hyperplastic –due to the increased erythroid demand and the intramarrow destruction of erythroblasts-thalassemic bone marrow. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Multilevel converters prove to be well-suitable for high and medium voltage systems due to their lower cost and high-redundance design. For STATCOM, Single-star Bridge-cell (SSBC) topology is well applied for its satisfactory performance and superior component count. However, when number of levels increases, more switches are required to be parallelly controlled. Therefore, software-based microcontrollers (e.g. DSPs) shows limitations in terms of I/O built-in pins as well as performance. Alternatively, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), with their parallelism capability, are suitable for implementing control of SSBC-STATCOM. Multilevel SSBC-STATCOM control is composed of three layers which are output voltage control layer, internal current control layer and capacitor voltage balancing layer. A dq control based on PI regulators are commonly used for its simplicity and ease in implementation. In this work, detailed control design and implementation of SSBC-STATCOM using FPGA is discussed. Cyclone V FPGA with 50 MHz clock was used to implement control blocks and a hardware set-up of 142 V SSBC-STATCOM was designed to verify the results.


The green turtle Chelonia mydas is a widely distributed, slowly maturing species with a complex life cycle, using both oceanic and coastal environments. The species is exposed to different threats and is considered an environmental sentinel that indicates variation among, and the severity of hazards to marine ecosystems. This study aimed to describe both anthropogenic impacts, and infectious and parasitic diseases in C. mydas - including cases along the Brazilian coast - and implications for conservation. Bycatch is reported as the main threat to the conservation of this species, followed by debris ingestion, collisions with boats, dredging, and chronic environmental contamination. All of these impacts may directly or indirectly cause death, by facilitating contact with pathological agents and by increasing vulnerability to secondary diseases. The pathological agents associated with lesions include viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and helminths. Fibropapillomatosis is an example of a chronic disease characterized by cutaneous and visceral tumors that affects mostly juvenile C. mydas worldwide and is associated with the Chelonid herpesvirus 5. The bacterias Vibrio alginolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Pseudomonas fluorescens are found in the aquatic environment and among C. mydas lesions in various organs. Trematode adults and eggs of the family Spirorchiidae are also frequent in systemic cardiovascular diseases of C. mydas. The direct impacts of anthropogenic activities and diseases are synergistic and may affect the specie's health and conservation. Therefore, the monitoring and systematic diagnosing of diseases and causes of death - including necropsy, histopathology, and molecular exams - are necessary to assess a population's health, to support appropriate decisions of coastal management and to target future research topics that optimize C. mydas conservation.


In this paper a novel algorithm for user-pairing is proposed for virtual multiple-input multiple-output (V-MIMO) systems. Channel orthogonality is utilized to derive an expression for the output SNR (OSNR) in a V-MIMO system. We also show that the V-MIMO OSNR almost surely converges to the OSNR of a single input multiple output transmission as number of receive antennas approach infinity. Applying the statistical properties of orthogonality to independent and identically distributed wireless channels, system performance for the proposed pairing algorithm is evaluated in terms of joint capacity, OSNR loss, throughput fairness, and computational complexity. Numerical results show that the proposed orthogonal pairing algorithm outperforms conventional pairing methods that are oriented to maximize joint capacity.


"Competence" of criminal defendants is best viewed not as an open-textured single construct but rather as two related but separable constructs-a foundational concept of competence to assist counsel, and a contextualized concept of decisional competence. This approach has several advantages. First, it provides a useful explanatory framework for the settled features of existing law. Second, it helps to clarify the issues in areas where the law is unsettled or controversial, such as the circumstances under which incompetence bars adjudication and the abilities required for decisional competence. Third, it exposes the similarities between competencies in criminal defense and competencies in other legal contexts, and thereby helps to link what have been discrete literatures in both law and behavioral science. Fourth, because this approach is derived from a theoretical analysis of the purposes of the pertinent legal rules, it provides a framework for defining the "psycho-legal abilities" that are encompassed by each of the two competence constructs. In this respect, a relatively simple reconceptualization has surprisingly concrete implications for designing a program of empirical research and, eventually, for improving the scientific basis of competence assessments in criminal cases. Language: en


The present study aim towards formulation and in vitro evaluation of floating microspheres by oral drug delivery system. The main objective of study is to develop sustained release floating microsphres of diltiazem hydrochloride by using non-aqueous emulsification solvent evaporation method. The experimental work was done as per preformulation study of diltiazem hydrochloride i.e.calibration curve of drug in 0.1 N HCl and IR analysis of drug and polymer like ethyl cellulose 10 cps. Evaluation study of floating microsphere are characterized by micromeretics properties such as particle size, percentage yield, taped density, flow property, percentage floating, percentage drug entrapment, dissolution study and advanced study that is of drug and polymer, SEM of floating microsphere.


Abstract From the stationary solution of Schrödinger's equation in an interferometer we derive the wave functions of the longitudinal and the transverse motion. The former function is a plane wave. The wave function of the transverse motion is a one dimensional wave packet representing a super position of components with various values of the particles transverse momentum. The particles transverse momentum distribution in an interferometer is time independent and is determined by the aperture wave function. Consequently, it is independent of the distance from the slits. As such, it is a very important characteristic of the quantum state. Experimental determination of the mo mentum distribution would support the particle and wave interpretation of quantum interference in a new manner.


BACKGROUND
Experience in non-school contexts can shape and reshape students' motivation and mediate their learning in school. Outside-school physical activity may provide students with an extensive cognitive and affective foundation and influence their motivation in physical education. Although a trans-contextual effect of physical education has been explored, very little empirical research has examined the impact from outside-school context to physical education.

AIMS
Using self-determination theory and a hierarchical model of motivation, this study was designed to examine the association between participation in organized outside-school physical activity programmes and self-determination process in physical education.

SAMPLE
Participants included 545 9th graders (305 males and 240 females, age range = 14-16 years, mean age = 14.66 years) enrolled in required physical education classes in three suburban high schools in a large Midwest metropolitan area in the United States.

METHODS
Self-determination variables were measured using relevant instruments, and information on organized outside-school physical activity experiences was gathered in a survey. Structural equation modelling analyses were conducted.

RESULTS
Students who participated in organized outside-school physical activity programmes displayed overall higher motivation; however, the strength of associations among the self-determination variables (i.e., pathways from perceived autonomy support to relatedness, from autonomy to competence, and from self-determined motivation to in-class physical activity engagement) was stronger for their non-participant counterparts.

CONCLUSION
There are dynamic relationships between participation in organized outside-school physical activity programmes and self-determination process in physical education. Physical educators need to identify, appreciate, and instructionally address individual students' differences during teaching and learning.


During the time period of the last 12 years the incidence of the endometrium carcinoma in the whole CSSR rised to 155,5% in the consideration of the incidence in the years 1961 to 1963. In the same time period the incidence of the ovarial carcinoma has grown up to 117,8% only, what seems to be still in the limits of average incidence shift of all female malignancies in the CSSR (117,1%). The rising incidence of endometrium carcinoma affects primarily the elderly women, but testiefies also that this malignancy is among them today much more frequent. Therefore the rising incidence cannot be explained only as a manifestation of elderly of the female population. In agreement with this reality the endometrium carcinoma is today diagnosed significantly more frequently also among the younger women (at least since 40 years of age). The totals of all endometrium carcinomas rised even more than incidence. The gynaecologists meet today 162% of such malignancies in comparison with the numbers in the years 1961-1963. It means that in the whole CSSR yearly 500 endometrium carcinomas more are diagnosed than before 12 years. The incidence of cervix carcinoma dropped during the same period significantly and the endometrium carcinoma became therefore nearly as frequent as cervical malignancy (1:1,2). Possible reasons of these frequency changes are discussed.


"This dissertation explores the ways in which changing religious, political and social conditions interacted with literary tradition to transform the meaning of marriage in the literature of the later Middle Ages. Since the twelfth century, Latin monastic writings built on the exegetical tradition of the Song of Songs, envisioning mystical marriage to Christ as an allegory for the monastic contemplative life. In many vernacular works of the late Middle Ages, however, spiritual marriage was appropriated in the service of validating earthly marriage, thus blurring the boundaries between celibacy, the distinguishing feature of the clergy, and marriage, the sexual marker of lay status. This validation of marriage practices as spiritual can be linked to the growth of lay piety, which found an extreme expression in the increasingly visible Lollard heretics who made marriage part of their attack on clerical celibacy. As a uniquely lay sacrament which could legally be performed without the participation of the clergy, marriage also played a complex role in contemporary disputes over the sacraments, and the theological history of the development of the sacramental model of marriage provided crucial vocabulary for literature promoting the spirituality of marriage. Late Medieval English literature also appropriated the tradition of fin amors, the literary expression of aristocratic honor and identity, and transformed it into a validation of marriage and a medium for expressing bourgeois ideology. This generic appropriation can be linked to changes in the social structure of late medieval England, when the growth of the middle strata of society made the three estates model, traditionally used as a means of describing medieval society, an increasingly less accurate representation. My readings reveal that marriage was a particular preoccupation in the literature authored by and directed to these middle sections of society who were in search of a social identity and legitimizing ideology because they found in marriage a medium for appropriating clerical and aristocratic cultures and transforming them into a means of constructing bourgeois ideology. Individual chapters feature Chaucer's 'Franklin's Tale,' Gower's 'Traitie Pour Essampler Les Amants Marietz,' the 'Mary Plays from the N-Town Cycle' and The Book of Margery Kempe.


On the basis of ab initio calculations of the electronic structure, an attempt is made to identify the reasons for the qualitatively different behaviours of long-period superstructures (LPS) with large and small superperiods 2M in alloys of noble metals. To this end, analysis is performed of the relationship between the nesting properties of the Fermi surface and the structure of LPS (of relatively small 2M) formed in the Ag3Mg alloy. The results of the analysis are compared with those obtained earlier for Cu-Au alloys (where LPS possess longer 2M). It is shown that the dependence of the type of LPS on the value of 2M is controlled by the quality of nesting on the Fermi surface and the sensitivity of the nesting vector 2k⃗F to variations in the long-range order parameter.


: Spike activity in the cat caudate nucleus was studied during accomplishment of a positive instrumental defensive reflex, as well as during formation of inhibitory--differentiation and extinction--conditioned reflexes. Most of the neurones which exhibited plastic reorganizations, were localized in the dorsal segment of the caudate nucleus. With a well stabilized conditioned reflex, spike reactions of the inhibitory sign prevailed. In response to inhibitory stimuli, bioelectrical activity set in neurones, whose spike discharges were suppressed during realization of the conditioned reflex, as well as a change of the sign of evoked spike reactions in some cells reacting to the positive stimulus.


Eco-driving style is widely known to induce up to 20% fuel consumption reduction, but little is known about differences due to different learning methods. In order to evaluate the potential impacts of future ecological driving assistance system (EDAS) in comparison with usual techniques, a statistical approach is proposed. Two kinds of experiments are analysed in this paper: In the first one, simple advice were given to the participants, while in the second one, full courses with eco-driving experts were used. Performance indicators were derived from five commonly referred golden rules of eco-driving and used as model inputs. Different kind of statistical models are discussed, among which we choose to apply the ordinary logistic regression to assess the effects of each driving advice separately Results show that ecodriving advices are better applied after a course than just providing tips. The approach is then extended to build a generic model that can be used both to characterize and evaluate eco-driving style.


This study aims to explore whether individual gender-role attitudes moderate potential policy effects on planned childbearing. This is done by employing a typology of earner-carer and traditional-family support in multilevel analyses, pooling data from 2010 for 23 countries. It is expected that individuals preferring earner-carer arrangements react more positively to earner-carer support, while individuals preferring traditional-family arrangements react more positively to traditional-family support. The results show that gender-role attitudes moderate the effect of family policies on mothers' and childless men's planned childbearing. Gender-egalitarian mothers have stronger childbearing intentions with higher income replacement in earner-carer support. Contrary to expectations, gender-egalitarian childless men have stronger childbearing intentions with higher income replacement in traditional-family support. Moreover, the results show that both family policies and gender-role attitudes influence childbearing intentions independently, and that family policies play a role mainly for childless respondents.


Large scale integration of renewable and distributed energy resources increases the need for flexibility on all levels of the energy value chain. Energy storage systems are considered as a major source of flexibility. They can help with maintaining a secure and reliable grid operation. The problem is that these technologies are capital intensive and therefore, there is a need for new algorithms that enable arbitrage while ensuring financial feasibility. To this end, in this research, we develop a constrained deep Q-learning based bidding algorithm to determine the optimal bidding strategy in the day-ahead electricity market. The proposed algorithm ensures compliance to energy storage system constraints. It takes imperfect, yet reasonably accurate, $\mathbf{24}$ -hour-ahead price forecast data as an input and returns the optimal bidding strategy as output. The numerical results and the sensitivity analysis show that the proposed algorithm effectively contains the impact of price forecast uncertainty to guarantee financial feasibility.


Introduction: Workers who work in salvage plant industry are at risk of exposure to aluminum (Al). The objective of this study was to conduct a longitudinal quantitative health risk and bio monitoring assessment for workers exposed to Al.
Methods: Al workers were compared to controls. A standardized medical examination and neurobehavioral tests and pulmonary assessment were achieved. The longitudinal study was based on repeated measurements (Airborne and urine Al evaluations).
Results: Clinical results showed no evident adverse effects, only mild health impairings. Modification of industrial process to reduce Al exposure leaded paradoxically to increase Al peaks in airborne and urine samples.
Conclusion: Hygienic and architectural measures taken to improve exposure and to reduce Al inhalation was a failure. Appropriate preventive measures should be carefully assessed before being applied to protect effectively exposed workers.


Conjugated polymers are desired as organic electrode materials because of their functional properties such as solution process, low cost, and transparency. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), in particular, shows the highest applicability, but its heterogeneous structure presents limitations in terms of electrical conductivity. In this study, a facile method to fabricate multi-layered thin films with higher ordered structures was developed. Through the etching process with H2SO4 and dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO), the insulated rich-PSS was removed from the upper layer to improve its electrical properties and rearrange the PEDOT molecular structures. The thickness of PEDOT:PSS thin films was experimentally optimized to maximize the enhancement of carrier mobility via a layer-by-layer (LBL) process. The combined method, consisted of etching and the LBL process, showed the improvement of the charge carrier mobility from 0.62 to 2.80 cm2 V−1 s−1. The morphology and crystallinity of the ordered PEDOT:PSS structure were investigated by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), Raman, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). As a result, two-dimensional lamellar-stacked PEDOT:PSS thin films were fabricated through the repetitive etching and LBL process. The optimized PEDOT:PSS thin film showed an excellent electrical conductivity of 3026 S cm−1, which is 3.8 times higher than that of the pristine film (801 S cm−1).


X gas-liquid chromatographic examination of the component fatty acids of the milk of the grey (Atlantic) seal confirms previous findings that in general composition the Inilk fats of marine mammals resemble the depot fat. An empirical correction system is suggested for argon ionization detectors.


Images obtained from coherent illumination processes are contaminated with speckle. A prominent example of such imagery systems is the polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR). For such a remote sensing tool, the speckle interference pattern appears in the form of a positive-definite Hermitian matrix, which requires specialized models and makes change detection a hard task. The scaled complex Wishart distribution is a widely used model for PolSAR images. Such a distribution is defined by two parameters: the number of looks and the complex covariance matrix. The last parameter contains all the necessary information to characterize the backscattered data, and thus, identifying changes in a sequence of images can be formulated as a problem of verifying whether the complex covariance matrices differ at two or more takes. This paper proposes a comparison between a classical change detection method based on the likelihood ratio and three statistical methods that depend on information-theoretic measures: the Kullback–Leibler (KL) distance and two entropies. The performance of these four tests was quantified in terms of their sample test powers and sizes using simulated data. The tests are then applied to actual PolSAR data. The results provide evidence that tests based on entropies may outperform those based on the KL distance and likelihood ratio statistics.


We have studied the vortex state problem systematically in YBa2CusOr-, system with twinned/untwinned single crystals. Different vortex states are observed on samples with different characteristics. Our detailed I V characteristics measured in different magnetic fields, at temperature below where the resistive ìkneeî occurs, show that the dynamics of the vortex motion depends on the sample characteristics and field strength. Under an intermediate external field, vortex lattice phenomenon is observed in untwinned and some twinned single crystals. On the other hand, vortex glass (or solid) state is observed in twinned crystals with strong pinning effect. In high external magnetic field region, the low resistivity data fit nicely to giant flux-creep model, predicted by Tinkham.


Meeting is an integral part of management. Meetings are held for various reasons, regardless of the public or private sector. Although the purpose of each of these meetings differs from the other, the common subject in all of them is management. Meetings, and therefore meeting management, are of great importance in displaying a successful management. Because, according to the results obtained from the meetings, every business, situation and event is directed. As a matter of fact, meetings are an important tool used/should be used in the effective fulfillment of the concepts of planning, organization, management, coordination and supervision, which are described as the basic functions of management. However, it is debatable whether the necessary attention is paid to the meeting and the management of the meeting and whether its value is understood. In this study, the importance of meeting management in fulfilling the basic functions of management will be discussed.


ABSTRACT Current combination therapies elicit high response rates in B cell malignancies, often using CD20 antibodies as the backbone of therapy. However, many patients eventually relapse or develop progressive disease. Therefore, novel CD20 antibodies combining multiple effector mechanisms were generated. To study whether neutrophil-mediated destruction of B cell malignancies can be added to the arsenal of effector mechanisms, we chimerized a panel of five previously described murine CD20 antibodies to the human IgG1, IgA1 and IgA2 isotype. Of this panel, we assessed in vitro antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and direct cell death induction capacity and studied the efficacy in two different in vivo mouse models. IgA antibodies outperformed IgG1 antibodies in neutrophil-mediated killing in vitro, both against CD20-expressing cell lines and primary patient material. In these assays, we observed loss of CD19 with both IgA and IgG antibodies. Therefore, we established a novel method to improve the assessment of B-cell depletion by CD20 antibodies by including CD24 as a stable cell marker. Subsequently, we demonstrated that only IgA antibodies were able to reduce B cell numbers in this context. Additionally, IgA antibodies showed efficacy in both an intraperitoneal tumor model with EL4 cells expressing huCD20 and in an adoptive transfer model with huCD20-expressing B cells. Taken together, we show that IgA, like IgG, can induce ADCC and CDC, but additionally triggers neutrophils to kill (malignant) B cells. We conclude that antibodies of the IgA isotype offer an attractive repertoire of effector mechanisms for the treatment of CD20-expressing malignancies.


This article scrutinises the argument that decreasing hospital autopsy rates are outside the control of medical personnel, based as they are on families' unwillingness to consent to autopsy procedures, and that, as a consequence, the coronial autopsy is the appropriate alternative to the important medical and educational role of the autopsy It makes three points which are well supported by the research. First, that while hospital autopsy rates are decreasing, they have been doing so for more than 60 years, and issues beyond the simple notion of consent, like funding formulae in hospitals, increased technology and fear of litigation by doctors are all playing their part in this decline. Secondly, the issue of consent has as much to do with families not being approached as with families declining to give consent. This is well supported by recent changes in hospital policy and procedures which include senior medical personnel and detailed consent forms, both of which have been linked to rising consent rates in recent years. Finally, the perception that coronial autopsies are beyond familial consent has been challenged recently by legislative changes in both Australia and the United States of America which allow objections based on religion and culture to be heard by coroners. For these reasons, it is argued that medical personnel need to focus on increasing hospital autopsy rates, while also addressing the complex ethical issues associated with conducting medical research within the context of the coronial autopsy.


Narrative inquiry was used to explore the ways in which play therapy practitioners understand and uphold the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child in their practice. Seven play therapy practitioners responded to questions about their experiences of working within a rights-based framework. Analysis of their responses revealed 5 themes: Child play therapy upholds Article 39; respondents demonstrated an implicit rather than explicit understanding of children's rights; children are sometimes perceived only in terms of their behaviors; there can be a tension between the rights of the child and adults' rights; and therapists aim to support children's right to choice, privacy, and confidentiality, but this is not always easy. These findings are intended to support further development of curriculum and course content for trainee therapists and professional development for practitioners. The results add further evidence regarding the need to engage a rights framework when developing policy for early years therapeutic support services.


This paper offers an empirical analysis of the Network in EC rural development policies. Taking into account some of the elements of a network system, like accreditation of the framework, the competences involved and management flexibility, we focus on the experience of the Italian Rural Network, established in 2008 by the Italian Ministero delle politiche agricole, alimentari e forestali in order to follow with closer attention application of the interventions in the agricultural sector. Outlining its purposes, its organizational structure and the activities realized, we have endeavoured to highlight the opportunities as well as the constraints that currently characterise its implementation. Our thesis is that the Network, if well managed, can represent an apt tool to face the challenges of the national rural and agricultural development policy, playing a strategic role especially over the long term, with a view to the new Reform.


The authors' findings suggest that major depressive disorder (MDD) may occur as a prodrome to and may delay diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Lifetime prevalence of MDD was 59%; 14% of subjects reported MDD as a prodrome to MS, and 10% reported a resulting delay in MS diagnosis.


The main goal of our study is precisely predicting the reliability performance of electronic boards throughout the warranty period by using short-term field return data. We have cooperated with one of the Europe's largest manufacturers and use their well-maintained data with over 1000 electronic board failures. Before using the field data for our model of warranty forecasting, we filter it to eliminate improper data, correlated to incomplete and poorly collected data. Our model is based on a two-parameter Weibull distribution, chosen from many other distribution options regarding optimum curve fitting. In the fitting process we use and compare "Bayesian", "rank regression", and "maximum likelihood" fitting techniques. Our method has two steps. In the first step, we investigate how the Weibull parameter β changes by increasing the number of months of field data. For this purpose we use an electronic board with 36 months (full warranty period) of field return data. We develop a mathematical model of β as a function of the field data time interval and board dependent parameters. In the second step, we make a warranty forecasting of a new electronic board using its 3-month field data by using the mathematical model developed in the first step. The proposed method is evaluated by applying it to different electronic boards with 36 months (full warranty period) of field return data. The predicted results from our method and the direct results from the field return data matches well. This demonstrates the accuracy of our model.


The variation characteristics of electrical variables and the variation pattern of oscillation centre in multi-source oscillation scenes are revealed, and a desynchronising centre positioning method is proposed. First, based on the multi-source oscillation model, the expressions of voltage and current in multi-source oscillation scenes are derived. And then, according to the definition of oscillation centre, the oscillation centre position function is constructed, as a quantitative description of the position of oscillation centre. On this basis, the impacts of power angle variation trend (oscillation mode), system operation mode variation and unequal emf amplitudes on the oscillation centre are analysed. Simulation results demonstrate that, the oscillation mode is the main factor that affects the drifting pattern of oscillation centre, system operation mode is the main factor that determines the drifting boundary of oscillation centre, and unequal emf amplitudes cause the oscillation centre to deviate towards the side with lower amplitude. Finally, according to the relationship between system emfs when the desynchronising centre appears, the desynchronising centre position function is derived, so that the position of desynchronising centre can be identified. Simulation results on Real Time Digital Simulator of multi-machine system verify the correctness of the analysis results.


The study covered 54 males with stage II alcoholism with various types of the abstinence syndrome in the state of acute abstinence (the first day of alcohol discontinuation) and 10 healthy males. The baseline cortisol levels were radioimmunoassayed and the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was performed. The baseline levels of cortisol were elevated in all 4 types of the abstinence syndrome, being significantly higher in the dysphoric type. An abnormal DST was observed in 25 patients (46.3%) and was significantly more frequent in the depressive and schizothymovegetative types of the abstinence syndrome as against the asthenovegetative and dysphoric types and control. Psychometric examination revealed certain differences in the degree of abstinence symptoms and some clinical characteristics of the disease between patients with a pathologic and a normal DST.


In this paper, I offer an autoethnography of academic work and imagination. I write as an "armchair traveler" who joins others in research endeavors that they have initiated. Imagination takes center stage in what I do: I use my imagination in analyzing empirical materials and in theorizing and writing meaningful research. Together with others, I engage in studies where I am close to the subject of inquiry and feel sameness, but also in research that for me is grounded in difference and otherness. Through my autoethnography, I elucidate the potential and limits of imagination in different research initiatives. Reflecting on my experiences and learning, I discuss how imagination relates to ethico-politics in doing research. I argue that imagination thrives in small acts of generosity in research collaboration, which harbor a sense of togetherness and solidarity. This has implications for understanding academic work that is obsessed with performance in publishing.


A field still unstable in the Brazilian anthropological tradition, the absence of the adjective 'feminist' is notable in face of the existence of many women anthropologists (and, increasingly, male anthropologists as well) who identify themselves as feminists. Add to this the considerable field of production in expansion identified with Feminist Anthropology, giving continuity to a long trajectory of this critical thinking in dialogue with other disciplinary areas. Based on my professional experiences as an anthropologist acting as consultant to governmental and non-governmental projects, as well as in doing research and teaching in the area of gender, women, and feminist studies in Brazil, I propose, in this communication, to reflect about the possibilities of stabilization of this disciplinary field in contemporary Brazil.


Striped droplet deposition represents a novel non-photolithographic scheme, which is based on current ink-jet printing technique and self-alignment for implementation of microfabrication. Generally thought to be one of soft-lithographic systems, this scheme provides a low-waste, high-speed, and cost-efficient process for the formation of microstructures in Microelectromechanic systems (MEMS) field. We reported a number of generated striped patterns, which differ from conventional ones on the non-planar shapes, typically featuring a convex shape, a width of 180μm, and a height of 12μm in the study. Moreover, the 1×54 arrays of the above striped micro-meter structures deposited by transparent polyurethane (PU) droplets were fabricated by inkjet technique, measured for 2-D/3-D profiles by laser-scanning facility, and thus examined by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) for their topography. Those generated patterns were smooth on surfaces and therefore useful on the potential applications, such as lens-array chips and waveguide devices etc.


For some time now, incentives have been coming out of anglophone German language and literature studies that have a significant effect on the field in Germany. With the creation of Angermion, a forum has been established which brings the fruitful interaction within European German studies to light and focuses on the exciting and symbiotic German-British cultural relationships existing since the 18th century. Research studies in literary, linguistic and cultural criticism, translations, myths, prejudices, bilateral institutions, theatre, music and pop culture are bundled together into main focus topics and supplemented by reviews of relevant new publications. Thus, the yearbook reflects a broad spectrum of intercultural processes of transfer and their change over time and, at the same time, accentuates the latest scientific debates in the humanities. The contributions, published in English and German, are directed towards experts in anglophone German studies abroad, as well as specialists in German studies, Anglicists and cultural scientists working interculturally in German-speaking countries.


Eph/ephrin signaling in a variety of cancers has been reported to promote aspects of tumorigenesis, including proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Medulloblastoma is an aggressive primitive neuroectodermal tumor originating in the cerebellum. Recently performed integrative genomic approach to a large cohort of medulloblastomas has identified four subtypes (A-D) based on clinical presentation, transcription profiles, genetic abnormalities, and clinical outcome. We show high levels of EphB1 expression in tumors derived from children with group D medulloblastomas, which are known to exhibit a poorer response to current therapies. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect knockdown of EphB1 has on cellular migration, proliferation, and radiosensitization of medulloblastoma tumors. Using a human-derived medulloblastoma cell line (DAOY) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting EphB1, we compared cell migration in an electrical impedance-based transwell Boyden chamber assay (xCELLigence RTCA DP system). We show that siRNA knockdown of EphB1 results in significantly decreased migration. Assessment of proliferation by MTT assay indicates that knockdown of EphB1 affects cell cycle progression in DAOY. Results from cell cycle and sub-G1 analysis by flow cytometry demonstrate that knockdown of EphB1 results in G1 arrest. Our previous systems analysis investigation of global gene expression regulated by an intact ATM gene product also identified EphB1 as a downstream signaling molecule correlating with enhanced cellular radiation resistance. Our data strongly support EphB1 as an unequivocal target for radiation sensitization in human fibroblasts as well as in vitro medulloblastoma cell lines. siRNA knockdown of EphB1 expression in human medulloblastoma cell lines known to express high levels of EphB1 results in sensitization to ionizing radiation by clonogenic survival assays. Preliminary data from an in vivo xenograft medulloblastoma animal model suggest an enhanced response to radiation in tumors lacking the EphB1 gene. Our data indicate that EphB1 is a potential molecular target for medulloblastoma cancer treatment and radiosensitization. The mechanisms and downstream signaling cascades underlying EphB19s action on cell migration, proliferation, and cellular radiosensitization are currently under investigation. Citation Format: Nimrah A. Baig*, Olga Timofeeva*, Anatoly Dritschilo, Elena Pasquale, Marcel Kool, Brian Rood, Olga Rodriguez, Christopher Albanese^, Sana Karam^. Role of the EphB1 gene in mediating migration, proliferation, and radiosensitization of medulloblastoma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3458. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3458


Normal aging in men is accompanied by lower serum testosterone (T), GH, and IGF-I concentrations. The mechanisms of the age-related diminution in the activity of the somatotropic axis (somatopause) are uncertain. Several explanations have been proposed, including a lower hypothalamic GHRH output. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the physiological hypogonadism that accompanies normal aging is responsible for GHRH deficiency. We assessed the suppressibility of spontaneous and GHRH-stimulated GH secretion by a specific competitive GHRH receptor antagonist in seven elderly (61-76 yr old) and six young (20-23 yr old) healthy nonobese men. Elderly men then received transdermal T (5 mg/d) for 5-6 wk and had the same experiment repeated. Mean final total T, free T, and dihydrotestosterone increased in elderly men [521.5 +/- 56.3 vs. 395.4 +/- 57.2 ng/dl (P = 0.021), 13.8 +/- 1.3 vs. 10.1 +/- 1.7 pg/ml (P = 0.017), and 71.4 +/- 8.9 vs. 41 +/- 8.1 ng/dl (P = 0.004), respectively] to the levels found in their younger controls, but estradiol did not change (19.1 +/- 2.5 vs. 18.5 +/- 2.9 pg/ml; P = 0.67). GH pulse frequency or amplitude and maximum GH were not altered, and the integrated GH concentrations actually decreased. The percent suppression of GH output in the elderly did not change during GHRH antagonist infusion (35.8 +/- 2.6% vs. 27.7 +/- 6.5%; P = 0.29). We conclude that the T deficiency of old age is unlikely to be the proximate cause of the somatopause.


Three monospecific antisera to the major 35 kD (p35) surface protein of vaccinia and ectromelia viruses have been obtained. Two of them are obtained to p35 protein isolated by electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate from the protein fractions of vaccinia virus, soluble in NP40 and NP40 with dithiothreitol (NP40 and DTT-fractions). The third serum is obtained to NP40-fraction of ectromelia virus, containing practically only p35 protein. The obtained antisera were compared in the reactions with the different fractions of viral proteins in two versions of solid phase radioimmunoassay. The effect of such reagents as sodium dodecylsulfate, NP40, 2-mercaptoethanol, ethanol on the antigenic properties of p35 protein from vaccinia virus is discussed.


OBJECTIVE
Several incidental findings with varying degrees of clinical significance are often found on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of the maxillofacial skeleton acquired for dental procedures. The present study analyzed CBCT scans of dental implant therapy patients to identify incidental findings and assign those findings an appropriate clinical significance.

METHOD AND MATERIALS
A total of 500 CBCT scans of patients were evaluated for this study. The incidental findings recorded in different anatomical regions were assigned a clinical significance score of mild, moderate, or severe. These findings were further segregated based on age and sex to evaluate specific trends for prevalence of incidental findings and their clinical significance.

RESULTS
Out of the 298 intracranial findings, four were categorized as moderate. Out of 407 sinonasal findings, 19 were categorized as severe. Most (43%) of the airway findings were classified as mild. Among the cervical vertebrae findings the severe category included degenerative changes and vertebral-body fusion along with other degenerative changes. Most (259 [51.8%]) of the vascular findings were categorized as severe.

CONCLUSION
Patients referred for dental implant treatment present with a myriad of incidental radiographic findings in the head and neck region. It is important that care providers recognize and understand these findings so appropriate care and timely intervention may be initiated.


Thermally activated delayed fluorescence has been found in a group of tricarbazolylamines that are purely electron-donating, non-charge-transfer (CT) molecules. We show that the reverse intersystem crossing step in these materials is mediated through upper triplet states. Reverse internal conversion is shown to be the thermally activated mechanism behind the triplet harvesting mechanism. The strongly mixed n−π*/π–π* character of the lowest energy optical transitions retains high oscillator strength and gives rise to high ΦPL. Organic light-emitting diode devices using these materials were fabricated to show very narrow (full width at half-maximum = 38–41 nm) electroluminescence spectra, clearly demonstrating the excitonic nature of the excited states. This new combination of physicochemical properties of a non-CT molecule yields thermally activated delayed fluorescence, but via a different, physical mechanism, reverse internal conversion delayed fluorescence.


The purpose of our study is to determine the role of a previously identified novel germline polymorphism in the let-7 miRNA binding site in the 3'UTR of the KRAS oncogene, referred to as the KRAS-variant, as a biomarker of breast cancer risk. We have shown that the KRAS-variant is a biomarker of increased risk of ovarian cancer for patients from families with Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer. Thus, in this study, we tested the association of this biomarker with breast cancer using: i) A BC case-control recruited at Yale, ii) A cohort of Irish Caucasian women diagnosed with known BC subtypes and iii) A cohort of triple negative (TN) BC patients at Yale, all with known demographics and clinical variables. We assayed for the prevalence of the KRAS-variant by SNP genotyping to determine its association with BC. We compared the prevalence of the KRAS-variant in different BC subtypes and evaluated the association with age and ethnicity. MiRNA profiling was performed on the subjects in the TN BC cohort using Taqman low density miRNA microarrays. We analyzed the miRNA expression patterns within the TN BC cohort and also compared the miRNA expression patterns in the KRAS-variant positive and negative patients also evaluating the association with the age and ethnicity using linear modeling methods. We are currently performing gene expression analysis on the same TN BC patients that we have miRNA expression analysis and KRAS-variant testing completed on. We will compare gene expression patterns with the unique miRNA signatures in the KRAS-variant positive versus negative cases. We plan to use network programs to evaluate similarities in gene expression by miRNA, and also evaluate known targets of misexpressed miRNAs and determine their levels. In the BC case-control the KRAS-variant was found to be significantly associated with the ER/PR- BC patients below 51 yrs (33% vs. 10.5% for controls and ER/PR+). In the Irish Caucasian BC cohort the KRAS-variant was most prevalent in the TN BC patients (21.7% vs. 12-14% for Luminal A and Bs) below 51yrs. Consistently in the TN BC cohort the KRAS-variant was most prevalent in non-African American (AA) women below 51 yrs (33% vs. 21.5% in women of all races below 51 yrs). Through miRNA profiling we found that miRNA signatures vary across the TN BC patients, suggesting the existence of different groups within the TN cohort itself. The young non-AA TN BC patients appeared to have lower miRNA expression overall and clustered together. We also found that the KRAS-variant is associated with a unique miRNA expression pattern in TN BC patients with the variant compared to those without. A miRNA binding site polymorphism in the 3'UTR of the KRAS gene, the KRAS-variant, is a new biomarker of risk for developing triple negative BC in young non-AA women. In addition, KRAS-variant patient tumors have unique miRNA signatures and preliminary data supports they also have common gene expression differences. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3029.


Abstract Beard, A, Ashby, J, Chambers, R, Millet, GP, and Brocherie, F. Wales Anaerobic Test (WAT): Reliability and fitness profiles of international rugby union players. J Strength Cond Res 36(9): 2589–2596, 2022—To provide strength and conditioning coaches a practical and evidence-based test for repeated-sprint ability (RSA) in rugby union players, this study assessed the relative and absolute test-retest reliability of the Wales Anaerobic Test (WAT) and its position-specific association with other fitness performance indices. Thirty-four players (forwards: n = 19; backs: n = 15) of the Welsh rugby union male senior national team performed the WAT (10 × 50-m distance, 25–30 seconds of passive recovery) twice within 4 days. Time for each repetition was recorded, with the best (WATBest) and total time (WATTT) retained for analysis. Relative (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]) and absolute (SEM) reliability of the WAT indices were quantified. Furthermore, association (Pearson's product-moment correlations and stepwise backward elimination procedure) with other fitness performance indices (10- and 40-m sprinting times, 30-15 intermittent fitness test [30-15IFT] and the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 2 [YYIR2]) was investigated. Pooled values revealed "moderate" to "high" ICCs for WATBest (ICC = 0.89, p = 0.626) and WATTT (ICC = 0.95, p = 0.342). Good test sensitivity was reported for forwards and backs' WATTT (p > 0.101). Both WATBest and WATTT correlated with 10-m and 40-m sprinting times (r > 0.69, p < 0.001) as well as with 30-15IFT (r < −0.77, p < 0.001) and YYIR2 (r < −0.68, p < 0.001) for pooled values. The WAT proved to be a reliable and sensitive test to assess the rugby union specific RSA-related fitness of international players.


This paper presents the design of a 3D-printed flat graded-index lens based on ray optics. The lens is comprised of several concentric dielectric rings with bespoke relative permittivities for transforming spherical waves into plane waves. 3D-printing was used to fabricate this lens with graded and tailored dielectric properties in a single process. The 3D-printed flat lens is low-cost and light-weight, but provides broadband and high gain performance. Measurement results show that the realised gain of the lens is 8 to 10 dB over the frequency band ranging from 12 to 18 GHz.


What are the consequences of modernity for the institution of contracting? As the unity of the traditional contract is dissolved into a multiplicity of separate contracting worlds (economic transaction, legal promise, productive agreement), the binding force of contracting needs to be reformulated from an interpersonal to an interdiscursive relation. The central thesis of this Article is that the unity of contracting is hidden in the blind spot of the distinction between contracting worlds. Contracting needs two diametrically contradictory but complementary theories which cannot be integrated into a synthesis. As demonstrated with the example of the expertise contract, the subtle interplay of different contracting worlds depends basically on a fragile symmetry of chances of translation. The normative correlate of contract understood as translation between different worlds of meaning would be an extension of constitutional rights into the context of private governance regimes.


Background: Patient with Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH), which is thought to be the underlying mechanism that links OSA with cardiovascular disease. However, it remains unclear whether chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH) is associated with in vivo functional impairment in the coronary microvasculature.

Methods and Results: Rats underwent Intermittent Hypoxia (IH) at a rate of 20 cycles per hour (nadir 5% O2 to peak 21% O2 with 0% CO2) for 8 hours per day for up to 3 weeks. Synchrotron cine-angiograms of the coronary vasculatures were recorded using anesthetized after IH. Endothelium-dependent vasodilatory responses in individual coronary vessels were different between control and IH. Furthermore, we investigated streptozotocine-induced diabetic rat underwent IH. Diabetic puls IH animals displayed persisted constrictions during nitric oxide donor (SNP) infusion (P<0.05) and a strong trend toward loss of visible microvessels.

Conclusion: We found that ahead of the clinical reported comparable in coronary endothelial vasodilator function in IH rats. The combination diabetes and IH more acceslates coronary vascular dysfunction and vasoconstriction dependent RhoA activation.


A novel derivation, involving the Fourier transform and the addition theorem of harmonic polynomials, is presented for multi-centre molecular integrals over spherical Gaussian- type orbitals. Compact closed-form formulae, consisting of vector-coupling coefficients and well known functions only, are obtained for all multi-centre molecular integrals. The resulting formulae manifest the angular and geometric dependence in vector-coupling coefficients and spherical harmonic functions, respectively, and require half as many summations as those for their counterparts, Cartesian Gaussian orbitals. An efficient computational method for molecular integrals over contracted Gaussian orbitals is suggested based on the present formulae for multi- centre molecular integrals.


Ice-thickness and surface-elevation data gathered from radio echo flights over the Antarctic Peninsula are presented as profiles for five major outlet glaciers in northern Palmer Land and as contour maps for an area of 8 000 km2 to the east of George VI Sound. Glacier profiles appear to be closely related to ice discharge especially to convergent and divergent flow. Comparison of subglacial topography with geological evidence of faulting suggests that the area around George VI Sound is a region where structure is an important influence on the pattern of glacial erosion.


BACKGROUND
Small cell carcinoma of the ovary is a rare type of ovarian carcinoma with a very poor prognosis.

CASE REPORT
We report here a case of a 55-year-old woman with small cell carcinoma of the left ovary. The patient underwent cytoreductive surgery with residual tumors of 6 cm at the cul-de-sac and was found to have stage IIIc disease. After six courses of irinotecan (CPT-11) and cisplatin (CDDP) combination therapy, secondary cytoreductive surgery was performed. The patient showed no evidence of residual tumors. After an additional three courses of chemotherapy, the patient is still alive and well without evidence of disease.

CONCLUSION
CPT-11 and CDDP combination chemotherapy may be effective and safe for patients with small cell carcinoma of the ovary.


One of the commonly encountered dental emergencies is dentoalveolar traumatic injuries (DTIs). Unfortunately, DTIs result in fractured, displaced, or lost anterior teeth and this could have significant negative functional, esthetic, speech, and psychological effects on children thus affecting their quality of life. Although it is impossible to guarantee permanent retention of a traumatized tooth, patient age, severity of injury, and timely treatment and follow up of the tooth using recommended procedures can maximize the chances for success. This review examines the recent trends in the management of DTI to primary and young permanent teeth. Electronic search of scientific papers written in English from 1990s to 2009 was accomplished using Pub Med search engine. Dental practitioners should follow current literature and consider carefully evidenced-based recommendations that may enhance periodontal healing and revascularization of avulsed permanent teeth.


Abstract The final mechanical properties of PM parts are strongly affected by the processing parameters: processing controls porosity, composition, and microstructure. Variations within the processing sequence lead to significant property variations. Variations in strength values are often accounted for by the publication of typical values and minimum values. Other mechanical properties, important for critical applications, such as toughness, are even more sensitive to processing. This paper discusses the use of Weibull statistics to analyse the properties of PM parts and suggest new ways to determine property variability for design application. Examples of different properties and materials are used to illustrate the variation. The effects of processing parameters in controlling the variability are discussed. Weibull parameters are suggested as being more suitable for designers than the current system.


S U M M A R Y The turbulence generated in the liquid metal cores and subsurface oceans of planetary bodies may be due to the role of mechanical forcing through precession/nutation, libration, tidal forcing and collisions. Here, we model the response of an enclosed constant density fluid to tidal forcing by combining laboratory equatorial velocity measurements with selected highresolution numerical simulations to show, for the first time, the generation of bulk filling turbulence. The transition to saturated turbulence is characterized by an elliptical instability that first excites primary inertial modes of the system, then secondary inertial modes forced by the primary inertial modes, and then bulk filling turbulence. The amplitude of this saturated turbulence scales with the body's elliptical distortion, U ∼ β, while a timeand radially averaged azimuthal zonal flow scales with β2. The results of the current tidal experiments are compared with recent studies of the libration-driven turbulent flows studied by Grannan et al. and Favier et al. Tides and libration correspond to two end-member types of geophysical mechanical forcings. For satellites dominated by tidal forcing, the ellipsoidal boundary enclosing the internal fluid layers is elastically deformed while, for librational forcing, the core-mantle boundary possesses an inherently rigid, frozen-in ellipsoidal shape. We find striking similarities between tidally and librationally driven flow transitions to bulk turbulence and zonal flows. This suggests a generic fluid response independent of the style of mechanical forcing. Since β 10−4 in planetary bodies, it is often argued that mechanically driven zonal velocities will be small. In contrast, our linear scaling for mechanically driven bulk turbulence, U ∼ β, suggests geophysically significant velocities that can play a significant role in planetary processes including tidal dissipation and magnetic field generation.


From the data collected in the Cancer Registry of Calvados, a screening program for neoplastic lesions of the whole upper digestive and respiratory tract was performed in a canton where esophageal cancer incidence is very high. 137 men underwent this examination for mouth, pharyngo-larynx and esophagus. None neoplastic lesion was revealed but histologic and cytologic swabs showed some abnormalities that are now being studied.


Located close to some of the most important historical areas of Bergamo, the nineteenth-century section of the former Montelungo-Colleoni barracks is set up as a strategic context to merge the old built environment with the more modern settlements. The report relates the challenge undertaken by a project of urban regeneration based on a functional mixite of high social, cultural and economic value. This starting from the results of the International Competition promoted in order to find the right balance between conservation and transformative actions, in the belief that the process and project aspects can play a central role in providing innovative responses to the recurring critical issues that arise in the complex transformations and in identifying effective forms of dialogue between institutions and stakeholders.


We report on a simple carbohydrate amphiphile able to self-assemble into nanofibers upon enzymatic dephosphorylation. The self-assembly can be triggered by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in solution or in situ by the ALP produced by osteosarcoma cell line, SaOs2. In the latter case, assembly and localized gelation occurs mainly on the cell surface. The gelation of the pericellular environment induces a reduction of the SaOs2 metabolic activity at an initial stage (≤7 h) that results in cell death at longer exposure periods (≥24 h). We show that this effect depends on the phosphatase concentration, and thus, it is cell-selective with prechondrocytes ATDC5 (that express ∼15-20 times lower ALP activity compared to SaOs2) not being affected at concentrations ≤1 mM. These results demonstrate that simple carbohydrate derivatives can be used in an antiosteosarcoma strategy with limited impact on the surrounding healthy cells/tissues.


The development of telematic systems, as well as the need to differentiate the motor insurance market, led to the emergence of new clauses in motor insurance contracts. Thus, vehicle insurance contracts with self-check (and telematic) insurance policies are in the recent focus of insurance companies for motor insurance. With the help of a telematics device installed on the vehicle and a mobile application the driving mode of the driver is permanently assessed;the rating is calculated according andthe discount for the insurance priceis setaccordingly. These types of auto insurance contract terms can provide, on average, 25% savings for carefullydrivers.Our paperpresents, the recent developments in telematics insurance in Europe and around the world and the Romanian drivers propension to accept the monitoring of their driving behavior. We then present the economic, financial and socio-ecological advantages versusdisadvantages revealed by specialized literature for both policyholders and insurers. In this context, we will prefigure the future of telematics insurance in Europe.In our empirical study we estimate the financial impact of telematics insurance in Romania on gross written prices and gross paid indemnities. Finally, we estimate the socio-economic impact of these telematics insurance on the decrease in the number of kilometers,fuel consumption, number of accidents and casualties, and implicitly, on the reduction of the cost of the compensation. For this impact study we used the scenario technique (pessimistic, moderate and optimistic) in relation to the baseline scenario, respectively, the estimate of the natural evolution of the insurance market in the absence of telematics.


It appears that the emotions of patients in the process of undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery have an influence on the rate of mortality. The purpose of this study is to determine if the life-style functioning of the patients can be improved by means of a pre-operative rehabilitative educational programme introduced by the professional nurse. A conceptual framework of reference was compiled after completion of the literature review. This served as the preliminary structure of the pre-operative educational programme. The programme consists of three components, viz. an educational booklet, an educational evaluating model and the educationist. A quasi-experimental study was performed on 4 groups (2 experimental groups and 2 control groups) to determine the effect of the structured pre-operative educational programme on the following three factors: satisfaction with self, others and life; safe-guarding hope and anticipation of a future. An analysis of the data indicated a significant difference between the groups that followed the programme and the groups that did not follow the programme. The primary recommendation of the study is that all patients in the process of undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery should follow a pre-operative educational programme. This programme has a positive influence on the life-style functioning of the patient and will thus promote the process of rehabilitation.


Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), reflux esophagitis (RE), and peptic ulcer disease (PUD) are commonly encountered in clinical practice. More than simple anatomic abnormalities, these conditions are tethered to a variety of external influences as well as those related to genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics. Furthermore, each of these conditions is clearly related to abnormalities of the microbiota of the oropharynx, esophagus, and gastrointestinal tract. Certain therapeutics used to address these conditions such as antibiotic agents and proton pump inhibitors worsen microbiome dysbiosis while pursuing clinical benefit. Therapeutics that protect, shape adaptively, or restore microbiota balance are key aspects of current and future therapy to pursue. How the microbiota is involved in clinical condition genesis and progression, as well as how therapeutic support or derange the microbiota are herein explored.


The detection of objects in very high-resolution (VHR) remote sensing images has become increasingly popular with the enhancement of remote sensing technologies. High-resolution images from aircrafts or satellites contain highly detailed and mixed backgrounds that decrease the success of object detection in remote sensing images. In this study, a model that performs weighted ensemble object detection using optimized coefficients is proposed. This model uses the outputs of three different object detection models trained on the same dataset. The model's structure takes two or more object detection methods as its input and provides an output with an optimized coefficient-weighted ensemble. The Northwestern Polytechnical University Very High Resolution 10 (NWPU-VHR10) and Remote Sensing Object Detection (RSOD) datasets were used to measure the object detection success of the proposed model. Our experiments reveal that the proposed model improved the Mean Average Precision (mAP) performance by 0.78%–16.5% compared to stand-alone models and presents better mean average precision than other state-of-the-art methods (3.55% higher on the NWPU-VHR-10 dataset and 1.49% higher when using the RSOD dataset).


Abstract Charles Singer's retrospective diagnosis of Hildegard of Bingen as a migraine sufferer, first made in 1913, has become commonly accepted. This article uses Hildegard as a case study to shift our focus from a polarised debate about the merits or otherwise of retrospective diagnosis, to examine instead what happens when diagnoses take on lives of their own. It argues that simply championing or rejecting retrospective diagnosis is not enough; that we need instead to appreciate how, at the moment of creation, a diagnosis reflects the significance of particular medical signs and theories in historical context and how, when and why such diagnoses can come to do meaningful work when subsequently mobilised as scientific 'fact'. This article first traces the emergence of a new formulation of migraine in the nineteenth century, then shows how this context enabled Singer to retrospectively diagnose Hildegard's migraine and finally examines some of the ways in which this idea has gained popular and academic currency in the second half of the twentieth century. The case of Hildegard's migraine reminds us of the need to historicise scientific evidence just as rigorously as we historicise our other material and it exposes the cumulative methodological problems that can occur when historians use science, and scientists use history on a casual basis.


Methylripariochromene A (MRC) was isolated from the leaves of Orthosiphon aristatus (Lamiaceae) and subjected to the examination of several pharmacological actions related to antihypertensive activity. The following four findings were revealed from the present study: 1) MRC caused a continuous decrease in systolic blood pressure and a decrease in heart rate after subcutaneous administration in conscious male SHRSP, 2) MRC exhibited the concentration-dependent suppression of contractions induced by high K+, l-phenylephrine or prostaglandin F2alpha in endothelium-denuded rat thoracic aorta, 3) MRC showed a marked suppression of contractile force without a significant reduction in the beating rate in isolated bilateral guinea pig atria, and 4) MRC increased urinary volume and the excretion of Na+, K+ and Cl- for 3 h after oral administration with a load of saline in fasted rats. These findings indicate that MRC possesses some actions related to a decrease in blood pressure, i.e. vasodilating action, a decrease in cardiac output and diuretic action. Furthermore, it is presumed that the traditional use of this plant in the therapy of hypertension may be partially supported by these actions with MRC.


Abstract The state of the art of turrid (=Turridae s. l.) systematics is that shells — when they include the protoconch — are reliable species-level identifiers, but inadequate proxies for allocation to genera or subfamilies. Generally, the radula is used for allocation to a (sub)family, but the hypothesis that the radula is a more adequate proxy than the shell for relationships has not yet been tested by molecular data. Species of Xenuroturris may have drastically different radulae, with either "semi-enrolled" or "duplex" marginal teeth, although their shells are very similar or even almost indistinguishable. Molecular data confirm that specimens with different types of radulae constitute different species, but two species of a pair with respectively semi-enrolled and duplex teeth end up being not closely related. However, it is still unresolved whether species with semi-enrolled (=Iotyrris) and duplex teeth (=Xenuroturris) form two supported monophyletic clades. Iotyrris devoizei n.sp. and I. musivum n.sp. are described from Vanuatu, where they occur sympatrically with I. cingulifera and Xenuroturris legitima.


The ColE2-P9 rep protein specifically binds to the orgin and initiates DNA synthesis. Interaction of the Rep protein with the origins of plasmids ColE2-P9 and ColE-3-CA38 (one of the close relatives of ColE2-P9) is plasmid-specific. By using chimeric rep genes and chimeric origins we showed that the two region, A and B, in the C-terminal regions of the Rep proteins and the two sites alpha and beta, in the origins are important for the determination of specificity. When each of the A/alpha and B/beta pairs is from the same plasmids, the plasmid replication is efficient. On the other hand, if only the A/alpha pair is from the same plasmids, the plasmid replication is inefficient. For the region A, the plasmid-specificity is mainly determined by the presence or absence of a nine-amino acid sequence. For the region B, the specificity is probably determined by several amino acids. The region B, contains a segment of amino acid sequence which shows significant homology with the DNA recognition helices of various DNA binding proteins. At the site alpha, the single additional base-pair in the ColE3-CA38 origin can be either A/T or T/A. At the site beta, however, the single additional base-pair in the ColE2-P9 origin must be G/C. Among other possibilities we propose that the region A is a linker connecting the two domains in the Rep protein involved in DNA-binding and that the region B is a part of the sequence-specific DNA-binding domain.


We use FDR (Failures Divergence Refinement), a model checker for CSP, to detect errors in the TMN protocol (M. Tatebayashi et al., 1990). We model the protocol and a very general intruder as CSP processes, and use the model checker to test whether the intruder can successfully attack the protocol. We consider three variants on the protocol, and discover a total of 10 different attacks leading to breaches of security.


The birth ranks and parental ages at birth of subjects affected with Huntington's disease were ascertained from the literature and examined in relation to the neurological sign displayed (muscular rigidity or choreo-athetosis). With respect to the sex of the affected parent, the percentage of rigid cases was found to decrease linearly with advancing paternal age and to increase linearly with advancing maternal age. In contrast, no significant relation was found for birth rank or for age of the unaffected parent. The results could be explained in terms of the somatic gene-mutation theory of Burch by invoking a `switching mechanism' which converts a predisposing autosomal allele for rigidity in the germ cell of affected fathers into one which is expressed as chorea. The converse mechanism is postulated to occur in affected mothers. Calculation showed that the hypothetical mutation rates were of the same magnitude in affected parents of each sex.