The project development objectives are to improve social services, contain the rise in public services unit costs, and promote economic opportunities on selected, ecologically viable focus islands in four atolls. The focus island development strategy is part of a new Government strategy to improve the quality and cost-effectiveness of service delivery outside of the Male region, focusing investments on islands which are ecologically sustainable and can, in the long run, develop into centers offering an alternative to the capital region for access to services, and economic opportunities. The Project does not require a full environmental assessment, given the nature and scale of project activities, and, it is classified as a category B. Screening and assessment show these activities are likely to have minimal adverse environmental impacts, and, would not involve conversion, or degradation of critical natural habitats, or other natural habitats nor cultural property. However, some activities may, unless careful project design and implementation is undertaken, potentially have specific impacts of low significance. These are site specific impacts due to construction waste; improper disposal of health care waste; and, improper solid waste and sewerage disposal. Mitigation measures should minimize identified potential impacts through: due care of site selection, taking into account the fragile and vulnerable island ecosystems, including groundwater hydrology, coral reefs, and enclosed lagoons. Moreover, potential impacts on threatened or endangered species should be mitigated; and, dewatering activities should be implemented in accordance to the Water Authority regulations, while liquid effluents must be discharges via maritime outfalls. Discharge points shall be established through wastewater discharge permits granted by the relevant authorities. Each health care facility must establish a Health Care Waste Management Plan, appropriate to the scale and type of activities, and identified hazards.


HAPPILY, THIS COLLECTION of essays, based upon papers presented to the first meeting of the Karl Barth Colloquium, by and large raises the theological and thus truly "Barthian" question of how Barth can help keep modem theology alive rather than the converse. Paul Lehmann answers by pointing to Barth's passion for the concrete and claims, contrary to Bonhoeffer's misunderstanding, that in the Church Dogmatics Barth did not substitute in a positivistic fashion the doctrines of the church for the concreteness of Jesus Christ but rather offered us "a theological arsenal for political conflict and liberation" which makes possible tcconcretissime a confrontation between God concretely revealed in Jesus Christ and the concrete principalities and powers of the time." This general emphasis on the concrete is witnessed and advocated by the other contributors. Paul Minear shows that Barth's exegesis is distinguished from the mainstream of modern biblical scholarship by its expectation of the presence of eternity within the concrete and particular moments of our time. So also, Markus Barth, in a most interesting and inside account of the heated discussion of Barth's theology generated by Freidrich Marquardt's book on the foundations of Barth's theology, entitled T'heologie und Sozialismus, shows that the context of Barth's theology was always the concrete social and political


Worldwide emergence of Industrial biotechnology (IB) is providing opportunities to produce enzymes/proteins with variety of industrial/therapeutic applications. In transitioning the Australian economy towards a sustainable future, Federal government identified the development of IB pathway which would ensure increased productivity, enhanced sustainability, health, safety and reduced environmental footprint. The presentation will revolve around specific stories that drives Deakin University newest technology platform which applies biology and fermentation in an integrated way to play a crucial role in developing cost-effective technologies for the development of molecules that can benefit pharmaceutical and food industry in regional Victoria and Australia in general. The talk will also highlight specific examples where new products like recombinant rhamnosidase (an enzyme used for the production of flavonoids with health benefits) and ribosome inactivating proteins (detected in medicinal plants which possess RNA N- glycosidase activity that depurinates the major rRNA, thus damaging ribosome in an irreversible manner and arresting protein synthesis) would be made available through bioprocessing.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the salt damage resistance of waterproofing membrane in order to protect the mortar or concrete substrate. Polyurethane and acrylic coating membrane were used, and the salt water immersion test and the chloride ion concentration test were carried out experimentally. Also, the salt damage in mortar was analyzed by comparing with the permeability of each specimens. Waterproofing membrane have a high salt damage resistance more than only non-coated substrate, and prevented the penetration of chloride ion from non-crack to 0.3mm-crack specimens in 13 weeks-accelerating test. Finally, the membrane thickness for suppressing salt damage was estimated from viewpoint of its permeability.


Objectives To identify factors associated with COVID-19 test positivity and assess viral and antibody test concordance. Design Observational retrospective cohort study. Setting Optum de-identified electronic health records including over 700 hospitals and 7000 clinics in the USA. Participants There were 891 754 patients who had a COVID-19 test identified in their electronic health record between 20 February 2020 and 10 July 2020. Primary and secondary outcome measures Per cent of viral and antibody tests positive for COVID-19 ('positivity rate'); adjusted ORs for factors associated with COVID-19 viral and antibody test positivity; and per cent concordance between positive viral and subsequent antibody test results. Results Overall positivity rate was 9% (70 472 of 771 278) and 12% (11 094 of 91 741) for viral and antibody tests, respectively. Positivity rate was inversely associated with the number of individuals tested and decreased over time across regions and race/ethnicities. Antibody test concordance among patients with an initial positive viral test was 91% (71%–95% depending on time between tests). Among tests separated by at least 2 weeks, discordant results occurred in 7% of patients and 9% of immunocompromised patients. Factors associated with increased odds of viral and antibody positivity in multivariable models included: male sex, Hispanic or non-Hispanic black or Asian race/ethnicity, uninsured or Medicaid insurance and Northeast residence. We identified a negative dose effect between the number of comorbidities and viral and antibody test positivity. Paediatric patients had reduced odds (OR=0.60, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.64) of a positive viral test but increased odds (OR=1.90, 95% CI 1.62 to 2.23) of a positive antibody test compared with those aged 18–34 years old. Conclusions This study identified sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with COVID-19 test positivity and provided real-world evidence demonstrating high antibody test concordance among viral-positive patients.


A revised Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH)-type neural network algorithm for medical image diagnosis is proposed and is applied to medical image diagnosis of liver cancer that is called hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this algorithm, the knowledge base for medical image diagnosis are used for organizing the neural network architecture for medical image diagnosis and the revised GMDH-type neural network algorithm can identify the characteristics of the medical images accurately. The optimum neural network architecture fitting the complexity of the medical images is automatically organized so as to minimize the prediction error criterion defined as Prediction Sum of Squares (PSS) and it is shown that the revised GMDH-type neural network can be easily applied to the medical image diagnosis.


ABSTRACT It has been argued that Open Educational Resources (OER) present opportunities for innovation in education. However, there has been a lack of retrospective analysis of the forms of innovation that can emerge through OER, and the processes and challenges these entail. This paper presents a post-project analysis of the diverse uses and impacts of open courses produced through an international OER initiative. A thematic analysis of retrospective interviews and documentation from this case study is reported on, guided by a review of relevant concepts from innovation and OER literature. Through this we identify three archetypal forms through which the OER created opportunities for innovation: Specific Adoption; Preferred Practise and Foundations for Innovation. We identify drivers and inhibitors through which these forms of innovation interacted with each other in this initiative. This elaborates on the notion that a single existing model does not capture the multi-faceted relationships between innovation and OER.


A deterministic prototype video deghoster is presented which is capable of calculating all the multipath channel distortion characteristics in one single pass and subsequently removing the multipath distortions, commonly termed ghosts. Within the system, a channel identification algorithm finds in isolation all the ghost components while a dedicated DSP filter subsystem is capable of removing ghosts in real time. The results from the system are presented.


Consumer protection is a guarantee that should be obtained by every consumer using goods or services. Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection explains that the main factor that causes violations of consumer interests is due to the less of consumer awareness of their rights. This explains that consumers are faced with weak awareness and lack of understanding of their rights. Consumer rights and responsibilities of the company are related. Through this research will explain Sriwijaya Air's responsibility for the SJ Travel pass promo which has been detrimental to consumers because the advertisement display is not in accordance with reality. The method used in this study is normative juridical that based on existing legislation. The results of this study indicate that the Sriwijaya Air does not grant all consumer demands as a form of compensation, such as the extension of the SJ Travel Pass promo period. Consumer protection regulated in the UUPK can be said to be quite complete because it regulates the rights and obligations of consumers and business actors. The existence of consumer rights regulated in the UUPK strengthens the position of consumers to defend and fight for their rights.

Keywords: Responsibility, Sriwijaya Air, Consumer Protection


Abstract : The report is an operational description of a quartz tube, tungsten filament lamp bank developed for the characterization of nonmetallic thermal protection materials for high irradiance environments. The quartz lamp bank is a highly versatile apparatus for providing irradiances of up to 60 Cal/sq cm-sec for various specimen configurations of up to 80 square inches in surface area. The three operational modes consist of: (a) a pre-set irradiance level, (b) precise regulation in a closed-loop network including a sensing radiometer, and (c) regulation over a programmed irradiance history. Air jets, a high velocity exhaust, and pressurized components are used to avoid lamp overheating and minimize contamination of critical components by pyrolysis gases emanating from irradiated materials. The quartz lamp bank has proven to be an adaptable and versatile tool in the exploratory research and development of a variety of nonmetallic thermal protection materials. The classes of characterized materials currently consist of camouflage coatings, fire protection elastomers and textiles, and protective coatings for components subject to thermonuclear irradiance.


It is well-known that performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems can be severely deteriorated when PV arrays are subjected to partial shading conditions, once the traditional techniques used for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) could not operate in the global maximum power point (GMPP). Thus, to overcome this problem and achieve the GMPP, four MPPT techniques bio-inspired in the grey wolf optimisation (GWO) are presented. These MPPT techniques, which are named as GWO, GWO-Beta, GWO-IC (Incremental Conductance), and GWO-P&O (Perturb and Observe), are evaluated and compared to each other by employing a double-stage three-phase grid-connected PV system, which is composed of DC/DC converter and three-phase inverter. Commonly, the DC-bus voltage regulation of double-stage PV systems presents slow dynamic behaviour to avoid disturbances in the currents injected into the grid. As a result, MPPT algorithms suffer with this problem since they must be executed considering this condition. To overcome this problem, a feed-forward control loop (FFCL) is implemented to improve the DC-bus voltage regulation during abrupt solar irradiance changes, as well as accelerating the MPPT algorithms dynamics. By means of extensive experimental and simulation results, the performance and effectiveness of the four MPPT techniques, as well as the FFCL, are evaluated.


The influence of the dipole of an insulator surface on temporal changes in the source–drain current was investigated by using organic field-effect transistors with a surface-modified SiO2 insulator. The source–drain current decreased drastically with respect to time when the dipoles of the insulator surface displaced slightly. In order to obtain highly stable organic transistors, it is thus necessary to remove the mobile dipoles from the insulator surface.


Water quality evaluation entails both
randomness and fuzziness. Considering that water eutrophication evaluation involves many indices, different classifications and
interval values, fuzzy variable sets theory was developed to Lake Baiyangdian
as a study case. Taking reference to eutrophication standard of Chinese lakes
and local characteristic of Lake Baiyangdian, eutrophication degree of lake was
divided into 8 levels. Total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and CODMn were selected
as evaluation indices
in this research. Based on the measured data, index feature value matrix of
sample was built. Index weights were determined by means of pure threshold
value method. Relative membership degree of each index to each classification was calculated with relative
difference function model. Then the stability of feature value of
classification corresponding was received by the comprehensive calculation with
the relative membership degree and index weights. The results show that the
proposed models are effective tools for generating a set of realistic and
flexible optimal solutions for complicated water quality evaluation issues. It
concluded that the model was reasonable and practical.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanical and thermal properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites reinforced by bamboo pulp fibers (BPF). Using a twin-screw extruder, polymer composites were fabricated using BPF and bamboo flour (BF) as the reinforcement and HDPE as the matrix. Tensile and flexural tests of the HDPE composites were performed to determine the mechanical properties under different conditions. The thermal properties of HDPE composites were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The results showed that BPF improved the mechanical and thermal properties of the polymer composites more than did BF. The tensile and flexural strength of composites with 30 wt% BPF were increased by 61.46% and 22.94%, respectively, while the tensile and flexural modulus were increased by 84.52% and 27.30%, respectively. Compared to composites with 50 wt% BF, the T5% of composites with 50 wt% BPF increased by 20.18 °C. As the BPF content increased, the storage modulus (E') and loss modulus (E") initially increased, followed by a decrease. Compared to the BF/HDPE composites, BPF/HDPE composites reinforced at 30 wt% had a higher storage modulus (E') and loss modulus (E") and lower damping parameter (tanδ).


Objective To examine variations in the quality and cost of care provided to patients with diabetes mellitus by Community Health Centers (CHCs) compared to other primary care settings. Research Design and Methods We used data from the 2005–2008 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (N = 2,108). We used two dependent variables: quality of care and ambulatory care expenditures. Our primary independent variable was whether the respondent received care in a Community Health Centers (CHCs) or not. We estimated logistic regression models to determine the probability of quality of care, and used generalized linear models with log link and gamma distribution to predict expenditures for CHC users compared to non-users of CHCs, conditional on patients with positive expenditures. Results Results showed that variations of quality between CHC users and non-CHC users were not statistically significant. Patients with diabetes mellitus who used CHCs saved payers and individuals approximately $1,656 in ambulatory care costs compared to non-users of CHCs. Conclusions These findings suggest an opportunity for policymakers to control costs for diabetes mellitus patients without having a negative impact on quality of care.


Accumulating evidence shows that the evolutionary origin of the asymmetric cell fate and stemness begin in the last eukaryotic ancestor (LECA). The mechanisms of asymmetric division and stemness are conserved in descendants and pathogen protists as Entamoeba invadens and Giardia lamblia. It is to be expected that mechanisms for asymmetric cell fate are also conserved in free-living protists and occasionally facultative pathogens. For a better understanding of the ancestral mechanisms involved and their evolution in the protists, we looked for similar mechanisms of cell cycle progression, growth and differentiation in the facultative pathogen protists Colpoda cucullus. We compare what is known about Colpoda cucullus to our findings in E. invadens.


ABSTRACT Bhendekar, S.N.; Mhatre, V.D.; Sasikumar, G.; Mohamed, K.S., and Chellappan, A., 2019. Bivalve fishery of Sindhudurg and Ratnagiri coast, Maharashtra, India. In: Jithendran, K.P.; Saraswathy, R.; Balasubramanian, C.P.; Kumaraguru Vasagam, K.P.; Jayasankar, V.; Raghavan, R.; Alavandi, S.V., and Vijayan, K.K. (eds.), BRAQCON 2019: World Brackishwater Aquaculture Conference. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 86, pp. 255–257. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Estimated bivalve landing of Maharashtra was 1,237 t in 2017. Oysters dominated the fishery (79%) followed by clams (17%) and mussel (4%). The Indian rock oyster, Saccostrea cucullata locally known as 'Kalva' contributed 90% to the oyster catch. The fishery was observed mainly in Sindhudurg and Ratnagiri Districts. Clam landing comprised of Meretrix meretrix (44%), M. casta (30%), Paphia malabarica (18%), Katelysia opima (7%) and Polymedosa erosa (1%). Green mussels (Perna viridis) were harvested along the coastal waters of Ratnagiri. Meretrix meretrix showed dominance in all month followed by M. casta and P. malabarica. Catch per unit efforts for clams and oyster were highest during June and July month. There was good demand for bivalves in local markets during the mechanised fishing ban period. Mostly women were handpicking the clams during low tide. There was good demand for bivalves in local markets during the mechanised fishing ban period (June-July). The correlation matrix shows condition index and percentage edibility correlated with the water temperature in the creek.


An endoglucanase in family D, purified from a strain of Bacillus, was found to catalyze the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl beta-D-cellotrioside to generate alpha-cellobiose, as determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The hydrolysis of the beta-1,4 glucosidic bond by the enzyme proceeds, therefore, by an inversion mechanism. Furthermore, the interconversion of the alpha- and beta-anomeric protons in the products of hydrolysis, after equilibrium had been reached by mutarotation, was directly characterized by magnetization transfer NMR experiment that exploited the truncated driven nuclear Overhauser effect.


According to the modern health care needs, it is important to explore the end of life beliefs, preferences and practices so that dignified death is assured which is the right of every human being. It is a way that the elderly share and communicate their wishes regarding end of life that helps the health care professionals to provide better end of life care. The objectives of the study were to assess the beliefs, preferences and practices about end of life care among the elderly as measured by self-administered structured questionnaires. An exploratory survey approach with non-probability convenient sampling was adopted for the study. The samples in the study were 384 elderly above 60 years of age residing in the adopted villages of MCON Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal. The results of the study revealed that majority (52.1%) were females with a mean age of 67years (range 60–82 years), almost (79.2%) belonged to Hindu religion. Overall (88.8%) discussed the end of life wishes with their family and friends, (100%) wants to die at home, and majority (96.40%) are taken care of by their children. Most of them are not aware of living wills and never heard of durable power of attorney. Most of them (96.4%) expressed their desire to travel to places of religious pilgrimage and (85.7%) desires mantra to be chanted during death and dying process. Almost (63.5%) of the elderly wishes to get I.V pain medications during the end of life and apparently (52.3%) of the elderly do not want to plan their funeral but (70.1%) elderly expects that their spiritual rituals to be conducted during the end of life.


THIRTY YEARS at the CDC are being celebrated by Walter R. Dowdle, PhD, this year, and throughout all of them the present deputy director has devoted his efforts to increasing the agency's preeminence in epidemiologic and laboratory surveillance, investigation, and research. "We're here to get results," says this man who has had fingers in more epidemiologic pies than most people. "The idea is the bottom line, and that's reducing the amount of death and disability due to a particular disease." Starting in 1960 as a supervisory research microbiologist in the CDC's Respiratory Virology Unit, Dowdle worked first on respiratory viruses that affect children and then on influenza. There followed (1967 and 1968) "one of the cleanest, nicest experiments that we've ever done," he says. Dowdle and colleagues developed the test that showed for the first time that there were two types of herpesviruses: "All those of type 1 were above


The adsorption of aluminium ions onto sodium and calcium montmorillonite was studied. Under the experimental conditions (pH 3.5 and 5 and different total salt concentrations) the adsorbed aluminium ions were found to be in the form Al 3+ , except when adsorbed onto calcium montmorillonite at pH 5. The similarity of the adsorption isotherms of Al 3+ and La 3+ onto montmorillonite and the similarity of these adsorption isotherms to the adsorption isotherms of Al 3+ and La 3+ onto resin (Dowex) suggested that adsorption properties of Al 3+ onto montmorillonite were due to electrostatic properties and not to a specific property of aluminium nor of montmorillonite. Thermodynamic exchange constants ( K ) and the 'water factor' (responsible for dependence of K on concentration) were calculated. The 'water factor' corrected most of the variation in K .A hypothesis was developed and confirmed by experimental results. It resolved contradictions in the literature on the hydrolysis of aluminium ions in the presence of clay minerals. The influence is mentioned of the adsorbed aluminium ions on the cation-exchange capacity, the titration curve and the stability of clay mineral aggregates.


Nowadays, many mechanisms exist to perform authentication, such as text passwords and biometrics. However, reasoning about their relevance (e.g., the appropriateness for security and usability) regarding the contextual situation is challenging for authentication system designers. In this paper, we present a Context-driven Modelling Framework for dynamic Authentication decisions (COFRA), where the context information specifies the relevance of authentication mechanisms. COFRA is based on a precise metamodel that reveals framework abstractions and a set of constraints that specify their meaning. Therefore, it provides a language to determine the relevant authentication mechanisms (characterized by properties that ensure their appropriateness) in a given context. The framework supports the adaptive authentication system designers in the complex trade-off analysis between context information, risks and authentication mechanisms, according to usability, deployability, security, and privacy. We validate the proposed framework through case studies and extensive exchanges with authentication and modelling experts. We show that model instances describing real-world use cases and authentication approaches proposed in the literature can be instantiated validly according to our metamodel. This validation highlights the necessity, sufficiency, and soundness of our framework.


A case is reported of chronic atrial fibrillation resulting from long-standing rheumatic mitral stenosis complicated by a massively thrombosed left atrium. In this patient, restoration of sinus rhythm and atrial transport function was performed using a Cox-maze III procedure with mitral valve replacement.


The loss of a limb leads to sensorimotor modifications that are frequently accompanied by the vivid experience that the missing limb is still present, and that it can be moved at will. Furthermore, amputees can clearly distinguish between phantom movements of the fingers and of more proximal joints, like movements of the elbow. This phenomenon raises the question of whether these specific phantom movement experiences are translated into differentiated activity within the remaining muscles. We recorded stump muscle activity when above-elbow amputees voluntarily moved their phantom limb. Voluntary movements of the phantom hand triggered specific patterns of stump muscle activity, which differed from activity recorded in the same muscle groups during movements of the proximal limb. This result indicates that the brain's motor areas can be differentially activated according to the phantom movement the patient intends to perform, and suggests that hand motor commands are preserved after amputation. To further understand the interaction between central commands and sensory feedback in the perception of phantom movement we also measured stump muscle EMG activity in an amputee experiencing a frozen phantom limb, and in three below-elbow amputees with vivid phantom movements after inducing an ischaemic block. Failed attempts to move the paralysed phantom limb always resulted in the same EMG pattern, no matter what type of phantom movement was attempted, while ischaemic nerve block reduced or eliminated the ability to voluntarily move the phantom limb and produced a dramatic reduction in the amplitude of stump muscle EMG activity. Our data suggest that the experience of phantom hand movement involves the activation of hand motor commands. We propose that preserved hand movement representations re-target the stump muscles to express themselves and that when these representations are voluntarily accessible they can instruct the remaining muscles to move in such a way as if the limb is still there.


Two stratigraphic bore-holes 335 m apart, drilled to the Bulli coal seam at a mine site in the Southern Sydney Basin, showed an average velocity discrepancy of 10 per cent throughout the entire lithological section. Subsequently, a comprehensive seismic experiment was performed by BHP Steel (AIS) Pty. Ltd. Collieries Division which included the surface seismic reflection, walk-away vertical seismic profile (VSP) and cross-hole recording over the area connecting the two bore-holes. The surface seismic data indicated possible seam disturb ances between the bore-holes. The VSP data were of variable quality, while cross-hole data were of the best quality. Strong transverse isotropy was measured through the sandstone unit. The top 100 m of the Bulgo sandstone showed weak P-wave anisotropy. However, shear wave splitting in the Bulgo sandstone suggested fracture induced anisotropy. Methane accumulations were inferred from the reflection and VSP data and Poisson's ratio computed at the receiver borehole. Analysis of these data revealed a high complexity of the zone between and away from the boreholes. The poor quality of reflection and VSP data resulted from the presence of faults, associated fractures and several methane accumulations in the Bulgo sandstone. The overall velocity difference between the boreholes is related to a change in stress field. The results of the experiment showed that where reflection seismic data was poor, the application of three component VSP and crosshole seismic data can be used to define a structurally complex area which may contain faulting/fracturing and methane. In such areas special care has to be taken in data processing, analysis and time to depth conversion.


Infective endocarditis is diagnosed using the Duke criteria, which rely predominantly on cardiac imaging and recovery of a causative organism from the bloodstream. These criteria can be inconclusive, particularly when blood cultures remain sterile either due to the fastidious nature of the infecting organism or prior antibiotic therapy. Serology and, more recently, molecular techniques have been investigated as a solution to the problematic negative blood culture. The detection of elevated antibody levels has proved particularly useful in the diagnosis of those patients infected with organisms that cannot be cultured using standard laboratory methods, whilst molecular methods have been successfully used in the detection of both fastidious pathogens and those inhibited by prior antibiotic therapy. In view of recent and ongoing developments in the field of molecular diagnostics, these techniques will become increasingly important not only in the routine investigation of infectious disease, but specifically the diagnosis of endocarditis.


The dynamics of stub-loaded, diffusion-modeling transmission line matrix (TLM) nodes are investigated using the TLM-state space analogy. Analysis is performed for one-dimensional and three-dimensional nodes. Additional dynamics are identified and a series of numerical experiments is carried out to investigate their effect on simulation results and, in particular, model convergence with respect to time step.


This research investigated contribution of sustainable management water resources in the Upstream Lesti Watershed. The main objective of this research predicted recharge of groundwater using water table fluctuation (WTF). The groundwater recharge prediction will be added as a result from deep aquifer with the performance of AVSWAT (Arc View Soil Water Assesment Tool) model by comparing observed streamflows with simulated streamflows at outlet. The water table fluctuation method from 4 well was used in the Upstream Lesti Watershed to evaluate seasonal and annual variations in water level rise and to estimate the groundwater recharge prediction (deep aquifer). Based on standard values of specific yield and water level rise, the groundwater recharge prediction from the Upstream Lesti Watershed at the outlet of sub basin 39 was 736 mm in 2007; 820,9 mm in 2008; 786,7 mm in 2009; and 306,4 mm in 2010, respectively. Keyword : AVSWAT, Groundwater Recharge, Water Table Fluctuation, Streamflow


This report describes the development of an integrated saltwater aquaculture – agriculture farming system at Wadi El Natroun, Egypt. During the first two years of the project promising salt-tolerant plant species were identified, the methods for seed germination and growing of three salt-tolerant plant species with potential for human consumption and animal fodder were developed, and the culture of red tilapia in a so-called biofloc system with salt water was tested. Report number CDI-13-004


Epidural steroid injection is a very common intervention in the treatment of low back pain and sciatic symptoms. The most common complication for epidural steroid injection is transient headache with or without identifiable dural puncture. Other complications have also been reported, including intravascular entry, local hematoma, bleeding, increased back pain, facial flushing, vasovagal reactions, nausea, and fever. We report a case of rhabdomyolysis following epidural steroid injection for lumbar radiculopathy.


The highly condensed Lower to Middle Ordovician deep-water succession from the Cap-des-Rosiers Group at Matane bears three conspicuous graptolite faunas of late Tremadoc to mid-Darriwilian age. The Tremadoc fauna belongs to the Aorograptus victoriae Zone. In the Castlemainian Isograptus victoriae maximodivergens Zone fauna the earliest Pseudisograptus species, Pseudisograptus initialis n. sp., appears together with the ancestral Arienigraptus gracilis. A Darriwilian fauna with Holmograptus spinosus and Bergstroemograptus crawfordi represents the youngest pre-Nemagraptus gracilis Zone fauna described from the Quebec Appalachians.


Updating the list of casual transmission studies yielded a minor revision of the recently reported estimate of the risk of HIV casual household transmission, estimating it as 0.3% per year of contact. A meta-analysis of the studies used to calculate this risk indicated that the estimated risk is probably an underestimate for four main sampling irregularities: (a) The studies employed samples which were based on selective non-participation of subjects including refusals and unlocatable subjects at average rates of 36% and 14%, respectively; (b) only 17% of the studies reported full numerical details of the population studied; (c) the studies were based on unjustified exclusions of subjects by the investigators at an average rate of 31%; (d) the sampling of studies cited in the transmission studies is consistent with the hypothesis that the studies were biased against reporting cases of casual transmission. In the 13% of the studies that reported full details of exclusions, the average rate of all exclusions combined was 84%. Since it is likely that cases of casual transmission were mostly included among the exclusions, this may have resulted in an unrepresentatively low frequency of casual infection among the 16% that were left to be studied.


The Covid-19 pandemic is an epidemic global. This affects many things such as health, economy, social, culture, law, including Manpower, and other sectors. Of course, this is not what we want and beyond our expectations. Now all eyes of people in the world are very concerned about the spread of this virus because if we consider this virus to be underestimated, then we or people around us might become victims. At this time, the author will focus on research on manpower which is also affected by the Covid-19 Pandemic. This is the reason and concern for the author because it has shaken the labor sector, especially for workers affected by this Termination of Manpower. The role of the State and the International Labor Organization is urgently needed because this emergency was massive and brought many disadvantages to a lot of parties, especially workers who were laid off. In domestic situations, the Government must actively provide a social safety net for people affected by the termination of Manpower. Not only within the country, international institutions such as the ILO should also provide assistance and technical input in several areas, from training and skills to microfinance and small business development, and others.


Continuous observation of the back enables an online feedback concerning malpositions or unhealthy movements. In this paper a design concept of clothing measuring back postures is presented. The posture detection is based on elongation measurements captured by strain sensitive fibres attached to the undershirt. The feasibility of this approach is shown by reference measurements, which provide a basis to define requirements for textile strain sensors. With these reference measurements, elongations in the range of 20% were measured on the back. The paper is completed by an overview of the state-of-the-art of potential technologies necessary for the proposed design.


A 3 years old male child with difficulty in chewing, drawing angel of mouth towards to left while smiling, aching of ear and poor right eyelid closure referred from pediatric department for physical therapy treatment to outdoor physical therapy clinic. Onset was sudden two days back. During history taking, patient complained of ear pain and referred to ENT specialist where child was diagnosed for ear infection. Patient recovered completely with two week electrical nerve stimulation and facial muscle exercises. Before starting the interventions, patient was scored on facial disability index. After two weeks of interventions patients scored maximum on facial disability and recovered fully.


BACKGROUND
South Africa has, uniquely, mined, transported, and used crocidolite, amosite, and chrysotile. A multicenter case-control study was done in South Africa to examine the details of asbestos exposure in cases and controls, and to calculate relative risks for level of certainty of asbestos exposure, nature of exposure (e.g., environmental, occupational) and fiber type.

METHODS
Cases and controls (one cancer and one medical per case) were collected by six study centers from referral hospitals, and exposure information was collected by interviewing cases and controls in life.

RESULTS
One hundred and twenty-three cases were accepted into the study. None had purely chrysotile exposure. Twenty-three cases had mined Cape crocidolite; three had mined amosite; and three Transvaal crocidolite plus amosite. A minimum of 22 of the cases had exclusively environmental exposure, 20 were from the NW Cape crocidolite mining area. The relative risks associated with environmental exposure in the NW Cape (crocidolite) were larger than for environmental exposure in the NE Transvaal (amosite and crocidolite): 21.9 vs. 7.1 and 50.9 vs. 12.0 for the cancer control and medical control datasets, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
The results confirm the importance of environmental exposure in the Cape crocidolite mining area, the relative paucity of cases linked to amosite, the rarity of chrysotile cases and are consistent with a fiber gradient in mesotheliomagenic potential for South African asbestos with crocidolite > amosite > chrysotile.


The article is devoted to one of the most important problems of the modern media education, namely, to the processes of genre structure transformation of a media text caused by the emergence of the informational society, technology-related revolutions, socio-cultural and economic changes in the society. The authors of the article hold to the opinion, that in the digital age the traditional classification of media genres into informational, analytical, literary and art, including their variations, is replaced by the genre structure due to the influence of modern processes. The genre structure is based on a triple-genre group of media texts: journalistic, advertising and PR-texts. At that the preferential basis for the classification remains publicistic or journalistic models of information. Global expansion of communication space due to the development of new informational technologies, Internet in particular, created natural conditions for genres unification. Creation of media text genres in advertising and journalism is subject to the general laws of genre creation as a whole. The study of the causes and consequences of genre system restructuring of mass media represent the integral part of media creation, which should help the audience to master the features of mass media influence on social development. © 2017 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.UK


Following the Labovian variationist approach, this study analyzes the use of reported speech in a sample of 192 oral narratives of personal experience in Spanish spoken in Santiago, Chile. The aim is to establish the frequency of use of this variable element, and test whether there exists variation among sociodemographic factors —sex, age, and socioeconomic group of the speakers— and the use of the above-mentioned resource. I also describe the function it performs in the narratives (Chafe, 1982; Reilly, Klima and Bellugi, 1990, and Prieto and San Martin, 2002).


China consists of a mosaic of many territorial ethnic groups whose historic homelands have been incorporated into the modern Chinese state, a process by which the respective populations transformed from a "sovereign or semi-sovereign people" (Bulag 2002: 9) on China's periphery into "minority nationalities" (, shaoshu minzu). In 1950 Mao Zedong initiated the "Ethnic Classification Project" whose effect has been the marginalisation of the minority nationalities. In this paper, I explore the marginalisation of the Mongol population of contemporary Henan Mongolian Autonomous County within the Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in southeastern Qinghai Province. By seeking to understand how Henan Mongols deal with their socio-political and demographic marginal status, the aim of this article is to shed light on how they utilise their marginal position, and how they centralise themselves as an independent party interacting with the civilising missions of China and Tibet.


The criteria of the effectiveness of preparations possessing the antioxidative and membrane reparative properties in 135 patients with different clinical forms of disorders of the cerebral circulation were developed. It was found that the effectiveness of antioxidative and membrane stabilizing drugs in relieving consequences of free radical aggression as compared with traditional means varied and manifested itself in such an order: essenciale----alpha-tocopherol----unithiol. The presented methods of therapy and appropriate drugs may be recommended for the introduction in the complex of therapeutic and rehabilitative measures.


type="main" xml:id="ecpo12052-abs-0001"> What determines the extent of electoral fraud? This paper constructs a model of the tradeoff between fraud and policy concessions (public good provision) which also incorporates the strength of the state. In addition, we parameterize the extent to which economic elites (to whom fraud is costly) and political elites (to whom fraud is advantageous) "overlap." The model predicts that fraud will be lower and public good provision higher when land inequality is higher, the overlap between elites lower, and the strength of the state higher. We test these predictions using a unique, municipal-level dataset from Colombia's 1922 Presidential elections. We find empirical support for all the predictions of the model.


It is a tantalising possibility that quantum gravity (QG) states remaining coherent at astrophysical, galactic and cosmological scales could exist and that they could play a crucial role in understanding macroscopic gravitational effects. We explore, using only general principles of General Relativity, quantum and statistical mechanics, the possibility of using long-range QG states to describe black holes. In particular, we discuss in a critical way the interplay between various aspects of long-range quantum gravity, such as the holographic bound, classical and quantum criticality and the recently proposed quantum thermal generalisation of Einstein's equivalence principle. We also show how black hole thermodynamics can be easily explained in this framework.


Object detection is one of the most important areas in computer vision, which plays a key role in various practical scenarios. Due to limitation of hardware, it is often necessary to sacrifice accuracy to ensure the infer speed of the detector in practice. Therefore, the balance between effectiveness and efficiency of object detector must be considered. The goal of this paper is to implement an object detector with relatively balanced effectiveness and efficiency that can be directly applied in actual application scenarios, rather than propose a novel detection model. Considering that YOLOv3 has been widely used in practice, we develop a new object detector based on YOLOv3. We mainly try to combine various existing tricks that almost not increase the number of model parameters and FLOPs, to achieve the goal of improving the accuracy of detector as much as possible while ensuring that the speed is almost unchanged. Since all experiments in this paper are conducted based on PaddlePaddle, we call it PP-YOLO. By combining multiple tricks, PP-YOLO can achieve a better balance between effectiveness (45.2% mAP) and efficiency (72.9 FPS), surpassing the existing state-of-the-art detectors such as EfficientDet and YOLOv4.Source code is at this https URL.


Reservoir fluid composition is an essential element in the planning and development of petroleum fields. Experimental analysis and computational modeling are performed on reservoir fluid samples to find molar compositions and to understand fluid behavior throughout the life cycle of the reservoir. There are various computational practices to simulate reservoir fluids behavior applying equation of states and other approaches. However, with the aid of the 4th industrial revolution, and with many successful applications of artificial intelligence in the oil and gas industry, an artificial neural network model was built to predict molar compositions for different reservoir fluids.
 The expert system described in this work is a tool which can be used to predict molar compositions of reservoir fluids. One of the main challenges in predicting fluid compositions is its complexity and its wide differences. There are huge composition variations between different formations and sometimes within the same formation due to possible existing compartments in the reservoir. Moreover, the compositions vary with several factors such as location, reservoir conditions, and time. Therefore, the inputs to the ANN model should include well location 3D coordinates, reservoir conditions, API gravity, gas specific gravity, average molecular weight, sampling date, as well as reservoir and field information.
 The ANN model was trained based on historical experimental data of fluids from different fields and formations. Different cases and error analysis were performed to optimize the prediction accuracy of the developed tool. A feedforward back-propagation algorithm was applied in building the model. Results indicated that a more accurate model could be obtained without grouping any hydrocarbon components. A successful prediction of molar composition was achieved using the built ANN model. This method can add a great value to the reservoir characterization process as the fluid molar composition can now be predicted using simple measurements of fluid properties and other reservoir data that can be easily obtained.
 Introducing this ANN model into the process of fluid compositional analysis will optimize the operational process by reducing the time and cost associated with the experimental analysis.


Amidated fragments 1 to 29 of human growth hormone releasing factor, (GRF1-29NH2), were designed to encompass modifications that could prevent degradation by exopeptidases. The NH2-terminus was blocked by either N-methylation of Tyr1 or by introduction of NMeDAla2 while the COOH-terminus was blocked by an N-ethylamide. Other substitutions such as Nle in position 27 for methionine conferred stability toward air oxidation while Asn28, an amino acid substitution found in rat GRF, seemed to confer stronger binding affinity to the GRF receptor. Potency in vitro and duration of action in vivo of [NMeTyr1,Nle27,Asn28]hGRF1-29NHEt (4SG-29) were compared to those of hGRF1-40OH. 4SG-29 was found to be both ten times more potent than hGRF1-40)OH and exhibit significantly extended duration of action.


Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is often diagnosed in early adulthood, affecting patients through their reproductive years. Many patients, lacking knowledge about IBD and reproduction, make uninformed decisions. Although patients have turned to the Internet for information, it remains unclear if online resources are effective for improving and retaining IBD-specific reproductive knowledge. We aimed to elucidate if a multimedia vs text-only online educational intervention could improve IBD-specific reproductive knowledge for more than 6 months.

Methods
We developed a website covering genetics, fertility, surgery, pregnancy, medications, delivery, and postpartum in the context of IBD. Adult IBD patients were randomized into study groups (multimedia or text-only) and provided 60-day access. Participants completed pre-, post-, and 6+ month-postintervention pregnancy knowledge (CCPKnow) questionnaires. Results were compared using nonparametric tests.

Results
Of 111 registered participants, 78 (70.3%) completed pre- and postintervention questionnaires, and 37 (47.4%) subsequently completed the 6+ month questionnaire. Demographics were as follows: median age (interquartile range [IQR]) 29.3 (25.6-32.9) years, Crohn's disease n = 54 (69.2%), females n = 63 (80.3%), of which n = 5 (7.9%) were pregnant and n = 19 (30.2%) had previously been pregnant. The median CCPKnow scores (/17) (IQR) were 8.0 (3.0-10.0) pre-intervention, 16.0 (13.00-17.00) postintervention, and 14.0 (12.0-15.0) 6+ months postintervention. The median within-subject increase in score was 6.5 pre- to postintervention, and 4.0 pre- to 6+ months postintervention (both P < 0.001). The median increase in score (pre- to post-) was 8.0 for the multimedia group and 6.0 for the text-only group (P = 0.216).

Conclusions
An evidence-based, online educational portal can significantly improve and maintain IBD-specific reproductive patient knowledge for more than 6 months.


In this article, we address the problem of localizing text and symbolic annotations on the scanned image of a printed document. Previous approaches have considered the task of annotation extraction as binary classification into printed and handwritten text. In this work, we further subcategorize the annotations as underlines, encirclements, inline text, and marginal text. We have collected a new dataset of 300 documents constituting all classes of annotations marked around or in-between printed text. Using the dataset as a benchmark, we report the results of two saliency formulations—CRF Saliency and Discriminant Saliency, for predicting salient patches, which can correspond to different types of annotations. We also compare our work with recent semantic segmentation techniques using deep models. Our analysis shows that Discriminant Saliency can be considered as the preferred approach for fast localization of patches containing different types of annotations. The saliency models were learned on a small dataset, but still, give comparable performance to the deep networks for pixel-level semantic segmentation. We show that saliency-based methods give better outcomes with limited annotated data compared to more sophisticated segmentation techniques that require a large training set to learn the model.


AIM
Study aims were to determine the most effective chlorhexidine concentration to be used in reducing microbial colonization in patients under mechanical ventilation and to examine the effect of oral care using different concentrations on the integrity of the oral mucous membranes.

DESIGN
This research was a randomized controlled double-blinded experimental study.

METHOD
The sample of study consisted of the 116 adult patients who remained intubated. Oral care was given to patients 4 times/day as per nurse protocol. Every morning during for 4 days, the intraoral mucosa of all groups of patients was assessed. Microbial colonization samples from oral mucosa were taken in the morning before oral care. A determination of the species of microorganisms in these samples was made.

RESULTS
A statistically significant difference was found with regard to the reproduction of microorganisms between the oral mucosa samples taken from patients using 2% and 1% chlorhexidine solutions (P < 0.001). In the cultures taken from patients on the first and fourth days of intubation, a total of 36 different microorganisms were seen to be reproducing.

CONCLUSION
It was concluded that the most effective oral solution for the prevention of microbial colonization in patients under mechanical ventilation was chlorhexidine 1%.


This paper introduces a new mathematical model of the master-slave architecture for distributed evolutionary computations (EC). This model is validated using a concrete implementation based on the Distributed BEAGLE C++ framework. Results show that contrary to (current) popular belief, master-slave architectures are able to scale well over local area networks of workstations using off-the-shelf networking equipment. The main properties of the master-slave are also compared with those of the more mainstream island-model.


When Mary Shelley published her story of Victor Frankenstein and his misshapen monster in 1818, she provided little detail about how exactly the doctor built his creation, except that "the dissecting room and the slaughter-house furnished many of [his] materials" and that he infused "a spark of being in the lifeless thing." But what if Shelley had written her book today? Here is an overview of current and future technologies—from lab-grown organs and bionics to gene editing—that she might call on to produce her iconic creature.


Petar Bergamo's Second Symphony (1964) must be analyzed in the context of Zagreb Biennale and therefore in the context of modernist domination which Bergamo understood as cul-de-sac. his Second Symphony is conceived as set of quotations and allusions that are able to trigger wide filed of associations connected to the logic of music history. Such a procedure resemble postmodernist technique, therefore it is possible to understand Bergamo's symphony as a proto-


There are many statistical methods related to the forecasting of time series without any input variables such as autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA models). In this research, some linear dynamic systems, represented by ARIMA with exogenous input variables (ARIMAX models) were used to forecast crude oil prices (considered as output variable) for OPEC organization with the help of crude oil production (considered as input variable) depending on the data starting from the period of 1973 until 2018. Using traditional ARIMAX method and proposed method (Bivariate Wavelet Filtering) for the time series data in order to select one of them for forecasting through comparing some measures of accuracy, such as MSE, FPE, and AIC. Then, applying crude oil prices for OPEC using the traditional ARIMAX models and ARIMAX models with applying the bivariate wavelet filtering, especially bivariate Haar wavelet. The main conclusions of the research were that the success of bivariate wavelet filtering in forecasting of crude oil prices using proposed model was more appropriate than traditional models, and the forecasting of crude oil prices using proposed method in 2020 will be fairly less than 2019.


Synopsis High-permittivity pads have proved effective for addressing B inhomogeneities for neuroimaging at 7T and body imaging at 3T. In contrast with the ease of constructing these pads, obtaining an appropriate design involves sophisticated and time-consuming electromagnetic field simulations, meaning that in many applications this technique is not fully exploited. We have therefore developed an easy-to-use software tool which can be run on a standard desktop PC to design dielectric pads for 3T body and 7T neuroimaging applications.


Paget's disease involves the ducts of apocrine glands and the overlying epidermis and is considered to be locally neoplastic. It is capable of developing into invasive carcinoma and in this event the prognosis is poor. The perianal skin may be affected by Paget's disease. This is a rare disorder and the four patients who have been seen with this disease at St Mark's Hospital since 1930 are described.


Content creation by teenagers continues to grow, with 64% of online teenagers ages 12 to 17 engaging in at least one type of content creation, up from 57% of online teens in 2004. The use of social media is gaining a greater foothold in teen life as they embrace the conversational nature of interactive online media. Girls continue to dominate most elements of content creation. Some 35% of all teen girls blog, compared with 20% of online boys, and 54% of wired girls post photos online compared with 40% of online boys. Boys, however, do dominate one area - posting of video content online. Online teen boys are nearly twice as likely as online girls (19% vs. 10%) to have posted a video online somewhere where someone else could see it.


In this second article of the review on the applications of the CPA (Cubic-Plus-Association) equation of state, the focus is placed on cross-associating systems. Various such mixtures are investigated, including (i) systems with two self-associating compounds (e.g., water−alcohol systems or glycols, mixtures with organic acids, or two alcohols) but also binaries with only one self-associating substance, where solvation is expected (e.g., CO2 or styrene with water). The method of accounting for cross-association (combining rules) and the association scheme of alcohols are investigated. Finally, the manuscript concludes with a summary of current capabilities and limitations of CPA and a list of future challenges.


We have previously reported that expression of the erythropoietin (Epo) gene in mouse embryonal cells was not induced by hypoxia, although hypoxia induced other hypoxia-inducible genes. This study identifies retinoic acid (RA) as an inducer for Epo production in the embryonal carcinoma cell lines P19 and F9. RA induced Epo production through the transcriptional activation of the Epo gene in an oxygen-independent manner. With the use of reporter assays in P19 cells, it is shown that a direct repeat of the nuclear hormone receptor-binding motif separated by a 2-bp spacer (DR-2) in the hypoxia-response enhancer was responsible for the transcriptional activation by RA. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays show that nuclear extracts from P19 cells contained RA receptor complexes that bound to DR-2. In human hepatoma Hep3B cells, an orphan receptor, hepatocyte nuclear factor-4, strongly augmented hypoxic induction of the Epo gene in cooperation with hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) by binding to DR-2, whereas in P19 cells, the interaction of RA receptors with DR-2 was sufficient for RA-induced transcriptional activation of the Epo gene without the requirement of the HIF-1 site. These results suggest that DR-2 regulates expression of the Epo gene by acting as the binding site for different transcription factors in different types of cells.


The words-as-classifiers model of grounded lexical semantics learns a semantic fitness score between physical entities and the words that are used to denote those entities. In this paper, we explore how such a model can incrementally perform composition and how the model can be unified with a distributional representation. For the latter, we leverage the classifier coefficients as an embedding. For composition, we leverage the underlying mechanics of three different classifier types (i.e., logistic regression, decision trees, and multi-layer perceptrons) to arrive at a several systematic approaches to composition unique to each classifier including both denotational and connotational methods of composition. We compare these approaches to each other and to prior work in a visual reference resolution task using the refCOCO dataset. Our results demonstrate the need to expand upon existing composition strategies and bring together grounded and distributional representations.


One of the economical ways to develop a very large scale database is to distribute it among multiple server nodes. Main problem in these types of systems is retrieval of data within significant time; especially when network or server load is high. This task becomes more critical when data is to be retrieved from the database against frequent queries. Cache is used to increase the retrieval performance of mobile computing and distributed database systems. Whenever data is found locally from the cache it is termed as cache hit. Percentage of user posed queries that can be processed (partially or fully) locally from cache is called hit ratio. So, the cache system should be designed in a way that will increase the hit ratio. Improvement in hit ratio ensures efficient reuse of stored data. Due to efficient reuse of stored data, lesser amount of data is required to be retrieved from remote location.


Exposure to toxic metals (TMs) such as cobalt (Co) can cause lifelong carcinogenic disorders and mutagenic outcomes. TMs enter ground water and rivers from human activity, anthropogenic contamination, and the ecological environment. The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of sewage water irrigation on cobalt (Co) toxicity and bioaccumulation in a soil-plant environment and to assess the health risk of grazing livestock via forage consumption. Cobalt is a very necessary element for the growth of plants and animals; however, higher concentrations have toxic impacts. Measurement of Co in plant, soil and water samples was conducted via wet digestion method using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The Co pollution severity was examined in soil, forage crops (Sorghum bicolor Kuntze, Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W. Wight, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Suaeda fruticosa (L.) Forssk. and Tribulus terrestris L.) in blood, hair and feces of sheep, cow and buffalo from district Toba-Tek-Singh, Punjab, Pakistan. Three sites were selected for investigation of Co level in soil and forage samples. Highest concentration of Co was 0.65 and 0.35 mg/kg occurring in S. bicolor at site I. The sheep blood, cow hair and sheep feces samples showed highest concentrations of 0.545, 0.549 and 0.548 mg/kg, respectively at site I and site II. Bioconcentration factor, pollution load index, enrichment factor and daily intake were found to be higher (0.667, 0.124, 0.12 and 0.0007 mg/kg) in soil, S. bicolor, S. fruticosa and in buffalo, respectively, at site I. It was concluded that forage species irrigated with wastewater are safe for consumption of livestock. However, though the general values were lower than the permissible maximum limit, it was observed that the bioaccumulation in the forage species was higher. Therefore, soil and food chain components should be avoided from trace metal contamination, and other means of nonconventional water resources should be employed for forages irrigation.


Objectives In recent years, the management of dental caries has evolved significantly. Caries prevention, early detection, and a diagnosis based on risk indicators and risk factor assessments are the most current practical approaches. Furthermore, as proposed in minimally invasive dentistry, the new management approaches preserve healthy tissue and maintain pulp vitality. This article overviews the latest minimally invasive dental caries management and treatment options. The information will assist the reader in the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of dental caries. Materials and Methods The PubMed (MEDLINE) search engine was used to gather the most relevant information on dental caries. The search was restricted to five years (May 30, 2018–May 29, 2022), and only English-language studies were accessed. A Boolean search of the PubMed data set was implemented to combine a range of keywords. The following filters were applied: abstract, free full text, full text, clinical trial, randomised control trial, systematic review, meta-analysis, and review. More studies were also obtained by manual searches from Google Scholar and textbooks on dental caries. Results By using this process, 683 articles and studies were obtained. The most relevant published studies were chosen and used in the current review. The selected articles are included in the references list. However, the search extended to cover the last five years as our understanding and management of dental caries have changed significantly. Conclusions Early detection and diagnosis of caries based on risk indicators and risk factor assessments are effective. Furthermore, minimally invasive restorative techniques are beneficial in managing dental caries and preserving healthy tissue and should be used whenever possible. This new information, knowledge, and materials should encourage professionals to implement this method. Having a strategy and system based on patient-centred care is critical, and our dental responsibilities must prioritise patient-centred care.


. . . Eat not up your property among yourselves unjustly except it be a trade amongst you, by mutual consent . . . and help you one another in righteousness and piety. . . (Al-Hadid 4:29; Al-Maidah 5:2) There cannot be any doubt that the current ?nancial crisis, which began in the US, has gone global. This realization has fuelled the ?re of debate over globalization. Todays globalization is no longer the globalization that Theodore Levitt, a former professor at the Harvard Business School, described in 1983 in his world famous article The Globalization of Markets. Although, in old days, Levitt and his successors had not seen globalization as an utopian state free of problems, no- days globalization has been reshaped completely. Therefore, in the perception of the editors it is justi?ed to use the phrase Globalisation 2. 0 for the range of effects interpenetrating global economic arrangements. Globalisation 1. 0 will never be restored again. Since the subprime crisis made its way to the global arena in the year 2008, companies and managers are confronted with the breathtaking speed of global, regional, and local changes. It is more than a provocation to divide dev- opments into cause and effects. Forecasts in strategic management are no longer valid even for the moment they are published. Uncertainty occupies the driving seats in global, regional, and local oriented companies.


The NYU-Ada project is engaged in the design and implementation of a translator-interpreter for the Ada language. The objectives of this project are twofold: a) to provide an executable semantic model for the full Ada language, that can be used for teaching, and serve as a starting point for the design of an efficient Ada compiler; b) to serve as a testing ground for the software methodology that has emerged from our experience with the very-high level language SETL. In accordance with these objectives, the NYU-Ada system is written in a particularly high-level, abstract SETL style that emphasizes clarity of design and user interface over speed and efficiency. A number of unusual design features of the translator and interpreter follow from this emphasis. Some of these features are described below. We also discuss the question of semantic specification of programming languages, and the general methodology of "Software Prototyping" of which the NYU-Ada system is a sizeable example.


An in situ synchrotron study of the specific features of the phase formation dynamics in mechanically activated 16 wt% Al + Ti powder composition is described, the high-temperature synthesis being carried out under the condition of high volume inflammation by means of inductive heating. The kinetics of the phase formation were registered with an experimental complex, especially designed, constructed and adjusted for the method of dynamic diffraction analysis in synchrotron radiation beams. It has been experimentally in situ shown that increasing the time of mechanical activation of the initial powder mixture reduces the temperature at which components start to react and the time of realization of the high-temperature synthesis. With the latter set at 1 min of mechanical activation, the temperature of the reaction in the mixture is T = 603°C; at 3 min of mechanical activation, T = 442°C; and at 7 min, T = 359°C. The maximum burning temperatures are: for 1 min of mechanical activation, Tmax = 1080°C; for 3 min, Tmax = 1003°C; and for 7 min, Tmax = 820°C. It was found that formation of both stable compounds Ti3Al, TiAl3, TiAl2, TiAl and metastable phases Ti9Al23, Ti5Al11, Ti2Al5, Ti3Al5 occurs at the stage of primary structure formation, before the system goes to thermal explosion. High-temperature synthesis of a mixture of the studied composition takes place without formation of a liquid phase, in the solid-phase combustion mode. It was found that the increase in the time of mechanical activation of the initial powder mixture contributes to the formation of a product with a dominant content of intermetallic compound Ti3Al. By synthesis of the powder mixture of composition 16 wt% Al + Ti, mechanically activated for 7 min, the content of Ti3Al in the final product was found to be 68%.


Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the traditional oil seed crop widely cultivated in many countries. The top producers of sesame seeds are mainly Tanzania, Myanmar, India, China and Japan. Sesame oil contains high level of unsaturated fatty acids (80%) and low levels of saturated fatty acids (20%). The main fatty acids are palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and trace amounts of linolenic fatty acids. Sesame seed contains 50–60% of high-quality oil rich in natural antioxidants such as sesamin, sesamolin, sesaminol and sesamol it enhances the stability and keeping quality of sesame oil. Sesame seeds have good sources of dietary fibre, fats, vitamins, minerals, proteins and rich in anti-oxidants. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in sesame will reduce the risk of high blood pressure, cardiac disorders and blood sugar levels. Sesame is believed to have been originated in India where maximum variability of genetic resources is available. High yielding varieties available to date have reached the yield plateau even with the advanced cultivation practices. The area under oilseed crops cultivation also reducing every year. Hence, there is an urgent need to increase the oil content and yield of Indian sesame varieties. Understanding the available germplasm and novel interventions to develop high yielding varieties warrant both molecular and phenotypic data which is meagre in case of sesame.


PurposeThis paper aims to focus on the long-term international experiences of a group of preservice English teachers who studied abroad as part of their training and recently returned home.Design/methodology/approachEmploying an interpretivist case study, five preservice English teachers participated in semi-structured, in-depth interviews. The participants were consulted to elicit feedback as the part of a member checking procedure.FindingsThis study revealed that the participants' views of their international experience were primarily shaped by two main themes: (1) postsojourn outcomes: intercultural learning, professional learning and personal growth and (2) "bumps" in the road: struggles in capitalizing the learning opportunities.Originality/valueRecruiting students for extended study abroad programs alone without a concerted effort to address (inter)cultural learning and growth might not guarantee the quality and the outcomes of such programs. Based on the findings, the role of meaningful and intentional collaboration within the participant groups and between the partner institutions as well as critical reflection opportunities to assist prospective teachers through their growth in intercultural learning was discussed.


The microstructure of β‐FeSi2 nanoparticles grown using magnetron sputtering on Si has been examined using various electron microscopy techniques. FeSi2 nanoparticles as small as ∼4 nm are found embedded in Si after growth using co‐sputtering of FeSi2 and Si, followed by rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The formation of nanoparticles and its variation in density with Fe content is discussed in terms of phase separation. Our study shows that the size and density of the nanoparticles as well as the extent of Fe diffusion into sputtered Si and substrate can be controlled by controlling the Fe content in the co‐sputtered film. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In the years 1622-1623, at the climax of the negotiations for the Spanish-Match, King James enforced censorship on any works critical of his diplomatic policy and promoted the publication of texts that sided with his views on international relations, even though such writings may have sometimes gone beyond the propagandistic aims expected by the monarch. This is the case of Michael Du Val's The Spanish-English Rose (1622), a political tract elaborated within court circles to promote the Anglo-Spanish alliance. This article analyzes its role in producing an alternative to the religious and imperial discourse inherited from the Elizabethan age. It also considers the intertextual relations between Du Val's tract and other contemporary works in order to determine its part within the discursive network of the Anglican faith and political absolutism. The reasons why it may have exerted a negative influence on both the English and Spanish royal households are explored as well.


Innovations and discoveries are constantly being made in the medical field. Nanoparticles have contributed to many of these advances. One of the most promising applications of nanotechnology is in the field of medicine. Applications of nanotechnology for treatment, diagnosis, monitoring and control of biological systems is referred to as nanomedicine. It is a relatively newer technology based on the uses of engineered nanomaterials like liposomes, carbon nanotubes, fullerences, polymeric micelles, quantum dots. Engineered nanomaterials are medical materials available in nanometer (one-millionth of a millimeter) scale. Because of nanoscale, the molecules acquire changes in their physicochemical properties which are utilized for easier and more thorough penetration in cells. Nanomedicine has shown promising results both in diagnostics as well as therapeutics. The most striking use can be repairs at a molecular level. Like other modalities of treatment, nanomedicine also has disadvantages, however currently the benefits outweigh the risks.


Members of the MAPK superfamily are known as key regulators of ciliogenesis. Long flagellar (LF) 4, a MAPK‐related kinase in Chlamydomonas, is the first kinase that was implicated in ciliary assembly and length. However, little is known about its cellular properties, regulation, and molecular functions. LF4 is localized both in the flagella and cell body with enrichment at the 2 basal bodies, shown by super‐resolution microscopy. LF4 is constitutively phosphorylated at T159 at the kinase activation loop and remains at the basal bodies during flagellar assembly. Gene mutations that affect the kinase activity or T159 phosphorylation alter the localization of LF4 at the basal bodies, and the mutants fail to rescue lf4‐3, a null mutant. LF4 does not affect the velocities of intraflagellar transport (IFT). However, LF4 null mutation induces accumulation of IFT proteins in the flagellum and reduces the phosphorylation of the kinesin‐II subunit FLA8/KIF3B, indicating that LF4 negatively regulates IFT entry. Furthermore, LF2, a cell cycle–related kinase, and LF3, a novel protein, are required for LF4 phosphorylation. Our study demonstrates that LF4 is likely a constitutively active kinase that is regulated by LF2 and regulates IFT entry at the basal bodies to control flagellar assembly and length.—Wang, Y., Ren, Y., Pan, J. Regulation of flagellar assembly and length in Chlamydomonas by LF4, a MAPK‐related kinase. FASEB J. 33, 6431–6441 (2019). www.fasebj.org


Context. The heliospheric current sheet is a plasma layer dividing the heliosphere into the regions of different magnetic field polarity. Since it is very thin compared to the size of the system, it is difficult to incorporate into the numerical models of the heliosphere. Because of the solar magnetic field reversals and the diverging and slowing down plasma flow in the outer heliosphere, the heliospheric current sheet is expected to have a complicated structure, with important consequences for transport processes in the heliosheath. Aims. We determine the shape and time evolution of the current sheet in selected time-dependent 3-D models of the heliosphere, assuming that the heliospheric current sheet is a tangential discontinuity convected by the plasma flow. Methods. We have derived the shape of the heliospheric current sheet at a given time by following the plasma flow lines originating at the neutral line on the source surface surrounding the Sun. The plasma flow was obtained from numerical MHD or gas-dynamical solutions. Results. The large-scale structure of the magnetic field polarity regions and the heliospheric current sheet in time-dependent asymmetric models of the heliosphere differs from the results obtained in simpler models. In particular, in the forward heliosheath it is characterized by secondary folds in the heliospheric current sheet that are caused by the solar wind latitudinal variation over the solar cycle. We present examples illustrating some cases of interest: a "bent" current sheet, and the HCS structure during the magnetic field reversal at the solar maximum. We also discuss the evolution of the magnetic polarity structure in the region close to the heliopause.


Summary form only given. We report on a type I (o /spl rarr/ ee) BIBO OPO pumped by 532 nm ns laser pulses. We also investigated the generation of third harmonic 355 nm UV radiation. Frequency tripling in BIBO is of interest since the short wavelength transmission limit at 286 nm is significantly shorter than that of KTP (350 nm). The OPO was excited by the second harmonic of a Q-switched Nd:YVO/sub 4/ laser system that generates 6 ns long 1064 nm pulses at a repetition rate of 10 kHz with an average power of 6 W. The BIBO OPO consisted of a 11 mm long crystal (aperture size: 2.4 /spl times/ 2.9 mm/sup 2/) and a resonator of two plane mirrors with reflectivities for the signal wave of 99% and 70-94%, respectively. The performance of the BIBO OPO was compared with similar OPOs of KTP and LBO. This comparison indicates that the BIBO OPO generated the highest output power. In addition the energy density at threshold was 5 and 17 times lower than those of the KTP and the LBO OPO, respectively.


The work presented in this paper applies the MELCOR code developed at Sandia National Laboratories to evaluate the source terms from potential accidents in non-reactor nuclear facilities. The present approach provides an integrated source term approach that would be well-suited for uncertainty analysis and probabilistic risk assessments. MELCOR is used to predict the thermal-hydraulic conditions during fires or explosions that includes a release of radionuclides. The radionuclides are tracked throughout the facility from the initiating event to predict the time-dependent source term to the environment for subsequent dose or consequence evaluations. In this paper, we discuss the MELCOR input model development and the evaluation of the potential source terms from the dominated fire and explosion scenarios for a spent fuel nuclear reprocessing plant.


Purpose of reviewCoronary artery damage resulting from Kawasaki's disease is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in the developed world. This review highlights advances in our understanding of the etiology of Kawasaki's disease, the immune response leading to vascular damage, potential biomarkers, and insights into mechanisms of disease addressed by an animal model. Clinical dilemmas are discussed in the context of the new American Heart Association recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of Kawasaki's disease. Recent findingsImproved understanding of the mechanisms of disease will assist in identifying predisposed individuals and in development of more effective therapy. Most investigators agree that an infectious trigger leads to massive activation of the immune system, resulting in a prolonged self-directed immune response at the coronary arteries. The etiology debate has centered on the nature of and mechanisms involved in immune activation. Genetic studies have not provided conclusive answers to these questions. Mechanistic studies done in animal models have pointed to specific biologic factors critical for coronary artery damage and together with studies in children may lead to more rationally conceived biologically based interventions. Increasingly, the questions regarding clinical management address timing of therapy and the management of children presenting with atypical Kawasaki's disease. New guidelines and management algorithms have been proposed by the American Heart Association to address these concerns. SummaryBiochemical and phenotypic characterization of Kawasaki's disease continues to improve. Answers are closer on etiology, reliable biomarkers, valid predictors of coronary outcome, and improved treatment of this syndrome.


Rabbit hemorrhagic disease is a serious and extremely contagious viral disease of domesticated and wild rabbits. Morbidity and mortality rates are high in unvaccinated animals; on some farms, most or all of the rabbits may die. This disease has also caused dramatic declines in some wild rabbit populations, particularly when it is first introduced. This has had a detrimental effect on some ecosystems in Europe, where wild rabbits are an important food source for certain endangered predators, such as Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus). Conversely, rabbit hemorrhagic disease has been used to help control excessive numbers of wild, non-native European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Australia. The origins of rabbit hemorrhagic disease are not completely understood. The causative virus, rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV), may have emerged from avirulent caliciviruses that circulate asymptomatically in European rabbits. The first known outbreak occurred in China in 1984, apparently spread by Angora rabbits that had been imported from Europe. Within 9 months, this disease had killed 14 million domesticated rabbits in China. By the late 1990s, outbreaks had been reported from forty countries, and rabbit hemorrhagic disease had become endemic in a number of areas throughout the world. Other regions, including the Americas, have experienced periodic outbreaks in domesticated rabbits. However, the species of wild rabbits found in North America are not susceptible to these RHD viruses, which facilitates eradication. A new variant called RHDV2 emerged in Europe in 2010, and has spread widely among domesticated and wild rabbits there. This virus has also been found in Australia. RHDV2 affects animals vaccinated against older RHD viruses, as well as unvaccinated rabbits. It can also cause illness in some species of hares. Whether RHDV2 could affect any wild North American lagomorphs is not yet known.


Demand for complementary and alternative medicine is high despite limited evidence. Linda Franck and colleagues believe that a thorough review by NICE would benefit the NHS and patients, but David Colquhoun argues that it cannot afford to re-examine evidence that has shown little benefit


This study employed
the concept of value investing, whereby PE, PEG, and PERG ratios were used for
stock screening. PE is the basic price to earnings ratio; while PEG is the PE
with growth incorporated. PERG is the PEG adjusted for risk factor. The
concepts based on the hypotheses that stocks with low PE ratio, low PEG, and
low PERG should generate higher returns than those of the market average. Data
from the Securities Exchange of Thailand during 2002-2012 were used to test the
hypotheses. Returns from portfolios with low PE, low PEG, and low PERG were
computed and found to be better than those of the market average. Proxies for
risk, the standard deviation of return and the beta coefficients, were used to
computed PERG. Portfolios of low PERG
using Standard Deviation as risk proxy appeared to provide better performances
than those of using beta coefficient. All in all, PE appeared to be the best
screening, providing the highest returns during the period tested.


This study shows the distribution patterns of apoptotic cells and biomarkers of cellular senescence during the ontogeny of the retina in the zebra finch (T. guttata). Neurogenesis in this altricial bird species is intense in the retina at perinatal and post-hatching stages, as opposed to precocial bird species in which retinogenesis occurs entirely during the embryonic period. Various phases of programmed cell death (PCD) were distinguishable in the T. guttata visual system. These included areas of PCD in the central region of the neuroretina at the stages of optic cup morphogenesis, and in the sub-optic necrotic centers (St15–St20). A small focus of early neural PCD was detected in the neuroblastic layer, dorsal to the optic nerve head, coinciding with the appearance of the first differentiated neuroblasts (St24–St25). There were sparse pyknotic bodies in the non-laminated retina between St26 and St37. An intense wave of neurotrophic PCD was detected in the laminated retina between St42 and P8, the last post-hatching stage included in the present study. PCD was absent from the photoreceptor layer. Phagocytic activity was also detected in Müller cells during the wave of neurotrophic PCD. With regard to the chronotopographical staining patterns of senescence biomarkers, there was strong parallelism between the SA-β-GAL signal and p21 immunoreactivity in both the undifferentiated and the laminated retina, coinciding in the cell body of differentiated neurons. In contrast, no correlation was found between SA-β-GAL activity and the distribution of TUNEL-positive cells in the developing tissue.


Alternative splicing (AS) is assumed to be a pivotal determinant for the generation of diverse transcriptional variants in cancer. However, the comprehensive dysregulation of AS and the prospective biological and clinical relevance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain obscure. Here, we identified and depicted the AS landscape in HCC by performing reference‐based assembly of sequencing reads from over 600 RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) libraries. We detected various differentially spliced ASEs across patients covering not only protein‐coding genes, but also considerable numbers of noncoding genes. Strikingly, alternative transcription initiation was found to frequently occur in HCC. These differential ASEs were highly related to "cancer hallmarks" and involved in metabolism‐related pathways in particular. In addition, 243 differential ASEs were identified as risk predictors for HCC patient survival. The isoform switch of metabolism‐related gene UGP2 (UDP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase 2) might play an essential role in HCC. We further constructed regulatory networks between RNA‐binding protein (RBP) genes and the corresponding ASEs. Further analysis demonstrated that the regulated networks were enriched in a variety of metabolism‐related pathways. Conclusion: Differential ASEs are prevalent in HCC, where alternative transcription initiation was found to frequently occur. We found that genes having differential ASEs were significantly enriched in metabolism‐related pathways. The expression variations, binding relations, and even mutations of RBP genes largely influenced differential ASEs in HCC.


The widely distributed viviparous lizard Zootoca vivipara (Lichtenstein 1823) revealed considerable differences in physiology, karyology, molecular genetics, and natural history. Based on chromosomal and mtDNA data several distinct karyotypic forms and haplotypes have been described from Central Europe. In an attempt to further clarify the geographic distribution of two karyologically different forms within the viviparous, nominotypic Z. v. vivipara , we studied the karyotypes of specimens from two NE German localities in West Pomerania (Baltic Sea) and Brandenburg, respectively, and also of those from Mt. Kopaonik in Serbia. All individuals karyotyped represented the western form of Z. v. vivipara that differs from other chromosomal forms of Central Europe in several karyotype characters. It inhabits the south coast of the Baltic Sea between the German harbor city of Kiel in the west and the Russian harbor city of Kaliningrad in the east. Recently, the eastern, so-called Russian form of Z. v. vivipara was recorded also in the Kaliningrad exclave, in Belarus near the border Belarus-Poland and even in easternmost Poland, then further eastwards along the Baltic Sea coast including Finland. Our data show that easternmost German populations still belong to the western form, as it is also the case in the SE European Serbian locality sampled. Together with previous data sets, our results document chromosomal uniformity within the western form of Z. v. vivipara from the Baltic Sea coast to the Carpathian basin and the central Balkans, and earlier hypotheses of the postglacial recolonization of the Baltic Sea basin by Z. vivipara are corroborated.


Many authors think that emotional disorders of brain-damaged patients result directly (as in the case of language, memory and other cognitive disorders) from the disruption of specific cortico–subcortical circuits. This claim, however, is only in part correct, as the homology between emotional and cognitive systems is partial and only some emotional disorders of brain-damaged patients are due to the disruption of specific brain structures. Other emotional disorders result from a more general mechanism, namely from the appraisal of the personal implications that physical and cognitive consequences of brain injury will have for the quality of life of the patient. The aim of this review is to stress the distinction between emotional and cognitive systems, the componential nature of emotions, the brain structures subtending the different components of emotion and the nature of the process of 'emotional appraisal'. Starting from these theoretical premises, the author will attempt to distinguish the emotional d...


Three-dimensional visualisation of the operative field is an important requisite for precise and fast handling of open surgical operations. Up to now it has only been possible to display a two-dimensional image on the monitor during endoscopic procedures. The increasing complexity of minimal invasive interventions requires endoscopic suturing and ligatures of larger vessels which are difficult to perform without the impression of space. Three-dimensional vision therefore may decrease the operative risk, accelerate interventions and widen the operative spectrum. In April 1992 a 3-D video system developed at the Nuclear Research Center Karlsruhe, Germany (IAI Institute) was applied in various animal experimental procedures and clinically in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The system works with a single monitor and active high-speed shutter glasses. Our first trials with this new 3-D imaging system clearly showed a facilitation of complex surgical manoeuvres like mobilisation of organs, preparation in the deep space and suture techniques. The 3-D-system introduced in this article will enter the market in 1993 (Opticon Co., Karlsruhe, Germany.


Featured Article: Bianchi DW, Zickwolf GK, Weil GJ, Sylvester S, DeMaria MA. Male fetal progenitor cells persist in maternal blood for as long as 27 years postpartum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996;93:705–8.2

"The data are the data" is a phrase often used in our laboratory. Our job as scientists is to interpret the data. In 1994, however, we were very unhappy with the data. As part of a comprehensive evaluation of monoclonal antibodies used to flow sort fetal cells from the blood of pregnant women, we found recurring evidence of circulating male cluster differentiation antigen (CD) 34+ cells when the fetus was female. At the time, the PCR technique was still relatively new; our initial interpretation of the data was that there was probable contamination of the laboratory or reagents with Y-chromosomal DNA. Knowing that fetal leukocytes had been shown to persist for up to a year in the blood of women who had given birth to a male infant (1), we hypothesized that the Y-chromosomal DNA could have originated from fetal hematopoietic stem cells from a prior pregnancy. To test this hypothesis, we recruited 8 women who were not currently pregnant, but had between 1 and 10 …


Public-key encryption with keyword search (PEKS) does not provide trapdoor privacy, i.e., keyword information is leaked through trapdoors. To prevent this information leakage, public key authenticated encryption with keyword search (PAEKS) has been proposed, where a sender's secret key is required for encryption, and a trapdoor is associated with not only a keyword but also the sender. Liu et al. (ASIACCS 2022) proposed a generic construction of PAEKS based on word-independent smooth projective hash functions (SPHFs) and PEKS. In this paper, we propose a new generic construction of PAEKS. The basic construction methodology is the same as that of the Liu et al. construction, where each keyword is converted into an extended keyword using SPHFs, and PEKS is used for extended keywords. Nevertheless, our construction is more efficient than Liu et al.'s in the sense that we only use one SPHF, but Liu et al. used two SPHFs. In addition, for consistency we considered a security model that is stronger than Liu et al.'s. Briefly, Liu et al. considered only keywords even though a trapdoor is associated with not only a keyword but also a sender. Thus, a trapdoor associated with a sender should not work against ciphertexts generated by the secret key of another sender, even if the same keyword is associated. Our definition considers a multi-sender setting and captures this case. In addition, for indistinguishability against chosen keyword attack (IND-CKA) and indistinguishability against inside keyword guessing attack (IND-IKGA), we use a stronger security model defined by Qin et al. (ProvSec 2021), where an adversary is allowed to query challenge keywords to the encryption and trapdoor oracles. We also highlight several issues associated with the Liu et al. construction in terms of hash functions, e.g., their construction does not satisfy the consistency that they claimed to hold.


Low-cost silver jewelry is sold for example in European open-air markets and in specialized shops for traditional handicrafts. While analyzing the material composition of such jewelry, high levels of cadmium were detected. The material composition of 21 samples was analyzed. 12 samples contained 20 percent of cadmium or higher levels (the highest value being 43.9 percent). Lower levels of nickel, copper, zinc and lead were also found. All samples were analyzed for metal migration into artificial sweat solution and 0.07 M hydrochloric acid. Due to the lack of threshold values for cadmium migration in Swiss law, the results were compared to nickel migration (artificial sweat solution) and lead (gastric acid). Compared to this threshold, the measured values for metal migration were excessively high. The vast majority of produced cadmium is used in Nickel/Cadmium cells and other components or substances used in electronic industries. It is out of the question that the observed levels of cadmium could originate from natural cadmium sources (ores). Therefore, it is very likely that inappropriate recycling techniques of electronics and/or nickel/cadmium cells account for the cadmium found in jewelry. A further analysis of cadmium isotopes will equally not clarify the origin of cadmium, as the isotopic fractionation of specific processes or cadmium ores is not accurate enough. In the end, evidence can only be found by describing the production chain of such low cost jewelry.


Resource allocation and scheduling are great challenge in grid environment. As the number of grid system component increases, the probability of a failure in the grid computing becomes higher. Users not only expect to commitment to perform a task in minimum time but also expect commitments to the level of Quality of Service (QoS). The aim of this paper is to utilize the resource to improve the throughput using Aging Technique. So the low priority jobs cannot be affected in the grid environment. Various recourse allocation strategies are there which provide guidance for grid systems to make resource allocation decisions.


Hysterectomy for carcinoma of the cervix has been a more or less unsatisfactory operation, the large percentage of early recurrences being an especially distressing feature of its results. The treatment of operable cases has now progressed to a well-nigh perfect degree of technic in competent hands. The radical abdominal operation, like the radical breast operation, when properly done, leaves nothing more that can be done in an operative way. The one remaining thing to accomplish is to educate both the laity and physician to such a point that the patient will present herself early to her physician, and that the physician will make an early diagnosis, which being made, the patient will be forthwith sent for operation, rather than be kept under the physician's remunerative local treatments till the golden opportunity has passed. When such a condition has been obtained the statistics of radical pelvic extirpation will show different results