The effect of suggesting themes for pretending to messy tactile play was tested with eight participants with sensory sensitivity (determined through the Sensory Profile, compared to controls. Engagement in messy play was measured in two conditions: one with themes for pretending suggested and one without. Measurements included both the duration of play and participant behaviors via the Child Behavior Rating Scale. For the children with sensory sensitivity, applying meaning through pretending yielded improvement in the initiation of messy play providing support for the use of this occupation-based approach.


Environmental education continues to generate interest from parents, educators, and researchers, as the deficits linked to limited time in nature combined with the benefits associated with outdoor learning experiences have led to increased research and understanding. This paper reviews the academic literature in the fields of the learning environment, place-based education, outdoor and nature-based learning, experiential learning, and the process of story and meaningmaking with school-age children. Correlations between meaningful and recursive nature-based learning opportunities and the formation of student identity, sense of belonging, personal and shared narratives, future environmental activism, and overall well-being will be reviewed. Specifically, examples which demonstrate how the local environment impacts and becomes an integral part of land-based narratives is considered, as the layers of ecological, cultural, and personal understanding become intertwined. Experiential learning opportunities through which school-age children were able to explore specific concepts through play and exploration, engage personally and responsibly with ecosystems, and participate in creative ways revealed the greatest impacts on learning. The culminating project is built on this foundation, exploring avenues for building stories, connections, and ecological understanding through nature-based learning experiences.


This study looks at LeBron James' "The Decision" broadcast in light of the effects it had on James' image and evaluates potential steps to his image repair. The researchers review the previous literature on apologia theory and image repair, discuss LeBron James' "decision" in particular, and conduct an experiment that will illustrate which image repair tactic would be most beneficial for James in this case. Results found that using the mortification strategy significantly improved James' image, while the shifting the blame and bolstering strategies hurt James' image.


The creep strength of ferritic steels can be substantially improved by the incorporation of a high number density of nano-scale dispersoids. Examples for such alloys are the oxide dispersion strengthened steels MA956, MA957, and PM2000. The dispersoids in these steels contain Y and Ti, or Y and Al. They can be as small as a few nanometers in size. Processing is traditionally carried out by mechanical alloying of elemental or pre-alloyed powders mixed with Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} powder. The goal of the present research is to identify alternative ways of producing ultrafine dispersoids. One possible way is internal oxidation, in which reactive elements dissolved in a metallic matrix are selectively oxidized. Internal oxidation experiments were carried out with Fe-Y, Fe-Ti-Y, and Fe-Al-Y precursors. Microstructural analysis showed that dispersoid dimensions as small as 10 nm could be achieved. Atomized Fe-0.25 at% Y powder was internally oxidized and consolidated by hot forging. An increase in the high-temperature creep strength by {approx} 20% was observed. Since it is likely that the composition of the precursor alloys is crucial for maximizing the number density and thermal stability of the oxides, experiments allowing the rapid screening of different compositions have been initiated.


ABSTRACT Service life of timber bridges is predominantly affected by the site-specific climatic conditions in terms of moisture and temperature over time, the overall design, the design of details, and the choice of materials. In recent years, a performance-based methodology has been developed to predict (1) the material climatic conditions within timber components from macro climate data and comparison between design details, (2) decay intensity from material climate data, and (3) the material resistance as a combined effect of wood-inherent properties and its moisture dynamics. Within the WoodWisdomNet project 'Durable Timber Bridges' we emphasized on utilizing exposure, decay, and resistance models for a comprehensive guideline for the design of timber bridges. Therefore, a factorization approach is presented based on dose–response relationship between wood material climate and responding fungal decay. The concept does also allow for quantifying the material resistance of untreated, modified, and preservative-treated wood using factors based on laboratory and field durability tests and short-term tests for capillary water uptake, adsorption, and desorption dynamics. The findings from the present study have the potential to serve as an instrument for design and service life prediction of timber structures and will be implemented in an engineering design guideline for timber bridges.


In a study of the composition of the epididymal fluid of rams, attention was given to the fact that nitrogen compounds constitute a great part of the dry matter and that so far seventeen free amino acids have been detected in the fluid (Ch. Neumark, unpublished data). It was therefore deemed of interest to study the enzymes of their metabolism. Two principal transaminases were investigated: glutamic-aspartic transaminase (got) and glutamic-alanine transaminase (gpt). The presence of these enzymes has been established in human, bovine and rabbit seminal plasma (Flipse, 1960; Povoa & Villela, 1960; Gregoire, Rakoff & Ward, 1961), but no report on their presence in the epididymal fluid was found in the literature.


Endotoxin tolerance (ET) can develop in mammals that have been challenged repeatedly with sublethal amounts of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Previous research has shown that subclinical ruminal acidosis can increase circulating concentrations of LPS. We investigated whether ET would develop in Holstein cows that were subjected to chronic subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) or acute SARA followed by intramammary infusion of LPS. Twenty-four cows, both primiparous and multiparous, were assigned to 8 blocks of 3 cows. Cows within blocks were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: (1) control (diet DM was 24% starch and 35% NDF), (2) high starch (formulated to induce chronic milk fat depression with 29% starch and 32% NDF), and (3) acidosis (designed to cause acute bouts of milk fat depression by short-term feeding of a diet with 32% starch, some of which came from wheat grain, and 30% NDF). Cows on the control and high-starch treatments were fed their respective diets throughout the 24-d trial. The acidosis cows were fed the control diet during most of the experiment, except during two 2-d bouts (d 10 and 11 and 17 and 18 of the experiment) in which a high-starch diet was fed. Cows on the high-starch and acidosis treatments produced milk fat with an altered fatty acid profile indicative of SARA (e.g., increased concentrations of specific trans, and odd-, and branched-chain fatty acids), but only cows on the high-starch treatment had milk fat depression. Concentrations of serum amyloid A were elevated in cows on the acidosis treatment, but did not differ between control and high-starch cows. On d 20 of the experiment, all cows were given an intramammary infusion of 10 µg of LPS into 1 mammary quarter 3h after morning milking. Milk yield and DMI decreased the day of the infusion, but the response was not affected by dietary treatment. No systemic indicators of ET were observed among treatments, but evidence of an ET response at the local level of the mammary gland was observed. Cows fed the control diet had higher concentrations of serum amyloid A in milk 12 and 24h postinfusion than did cows fed the high-starch diet and higher concentrations than cows on the acidosis treatment at 12h postinfusion. Our data suggest cows that experienced varying degrees of SARA (based on altered milk fatty acid profile) and subsequent experimental endotoxin mastitis experienced a blunted inflammatory response at the level of the mammary gland, but not a systemic reduction in some inflammatory mediators.


Recent changes in the financial services industry have placed unprecedented pressure on senior managers to develop and launch new services. Presents the results of a study into the development activities of new financial services through a comparison of successful and unsuccessful new services. It was discovered that the development activities are more rigorous and comprehensive for successful new services than for failures. Institutions which used a systematic process of well‐defined development stages tended to have higher chances of successful outcomes.


Percutaneous nephrostomy has been one of most used palliative method of urinary diversion to treat cronic renal failure in neoplasic patients. Psychological and social factors meke this measure to be rejected by some patients even sin situations where this is the only action that would make their survival longer. The utilization of ureteral stents provides benefits to a certain percentage of patients, not being possible its usage in all the occassions. Urinary subcutaneous diversion can be a simple and well tolerated alternative for the patient. The following clinic case describes and approach implementing a subcutaneous stent in a 60-y-old male with a severe ureteric obstruction after failed management by endoscopy or open surgery.


Abstract The concentration of the red pigmentation in Chlorococcum wimmeri is primarily a function of light intensity, although it is enhanced by near red illumination and also influenced by carbon dioxide concentration. It is independent of cell age and of nitrate content, oxygen, and pH of the growth medium. The red pigmentation is composed of astacin, esterified astaxanthin, an unknown ester, and an allied carotenoid. Chlorococcum wimmeri possesses, on a chlorophyll basis, higher rates of photosynthesis and the quinone Hill reaction than Chlorella pyrenoidosa under the same conditions.


One aim of theCritique of Practical Reason is to establish that reason alone can determine the will. To show that it can, it suffices to show that there are practical principles given by reason alone – what Kant terms 'practical laws', or (roughly) requirements of reason on action. Chapter I of the Analytic accomplishes this aim by arguing that the moral law is an authoritative practical principle given as a 'fact of reason'. The chapter begins in section 1 with a 'Definition' (Erklarung) of a practical law as a practical principle that holds necessarily for every rational being (as a principle that 'determines the will simply as will' without presupposing any subjective or rationally contingent interests). From this definition Kant uses conceptual arguments to derive three 'Theorems' and various 'Corollaries' that state conditions that any practical lawmust satisfy. The principal condition, stated in Theorem III, is that a practical law determines choice through its form – through 'the mere form of giving universal law' – rather than through its matter (CpV 5:27). The arguments culminate in section 7 with the statement of the 'Fundamental Law of Pure Practical Reason', which Kant identifies with the moral law: 'So act that the maxim of your will could at the same time always hold as a principle in a giving of universal law' (CpV 5:30). Section 7 includes a formulation of the fundamental law that follows from the Definition and Theorems – just as in theGroundwork a formula of theCategorical Imperative is derived first from the analysis of the concept of duty (G 4:402), then from the concept of a categorical imperative (G 4:421). But since the moral law is put forward here, in imperative form, as an authoritative practical law, section 7 is the synthetic claim that Groundwork III attempts to establish. Thus in short order, these pages of the second Critique cover the terrain of the extended argument of the Groundwork. The analytic portions of this chapter contain several striking claims about features of practical laws and fundamental practical principles that centre on


A recently identified variant of SARS-CoV-2 virus, known as the United Kingdom (UK) variant (lineage B.1.1.7), has an N501Y mutation on its spike protein. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a key protein for the viral entry into the host cells. Here, we report an efficient computational approach, including the simple energy minimizations and binding free energy calculations, starting from an experimental structure of the binding complex along with experimental calibration of the calculated binding free energies, to rapidly and reliably predict the binding affinities of the N501Y mutant with human ACE2 (hACE2) and recently reported miniprotein and hACE2 decoy (CTC-445.2) drug candidates. It has been demonstrated that the N501Y mutation markedly increases the ACE2-spike protein binding affinity (Kd) from 22 to 0.44 nM, which could partially explain why the UK variant is more infectious. The miniproteins are predicted to have ∼10,000- to 100,000-fold diminished binding affinities with the N501Y mutant, creating a need for design of novel therapeutic candidates to overcome the N501Y mutation-induced drug resistance. The N501Y mutation is also predicted to decrease the binding affinity of a hACE2 decoy (CTC-445.2) binding with the spike protein by ∼200-fold. This convenient computational approach along with experimental calibration may be similarly used in the future to predict the binding affinities of potential new variants of the spike protein.


All three authors are economists at the Research Department of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. William C. Gruben: Vice-President and Director of the Center for Latin American Economies; Mark A. Wynne: Assistant Vice-President; Carlos E. J. M. Zarazaga: Senior Economist and Executive Director of the Center for Latin American Economies. Corresponding author: Carlos Zarazaga, FRB Dallas, 2200 N. Pearl St., Dallas, TX 75201, USA. E-mail: email@example.com. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the positions of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas or the Federal Reserve System.


This paper describes experiments to determine the effect on exhaust emissions of starting on compressed natural gas (CNG) and then switching to gasoline once the catalyst reaches operating temperature. Carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, and detailed exhaust hydrocarbon speciation data were obtained for dedicated CNG, then unleaded gasoline, and finally CNG start - gasoline run using the Federal Test Procedure at 24{degree}C and at -7{degree}C. The results was a reductiopn in emissions from the gasoline baseline, especially at -7{degree}C. It was estimated that CNG start - gasoline run resulted in a 71 percent reduction in potential ozone formation per mile. 3 refs., 6 figs., 11 tabs.


Graphene has been successfully electrochemically exfoliated by electrolysis of cathode graphite in the aluminum-ion battery with ionic liquid electrolyte comprising AlCl3 and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([EMIm]Cl). The AlCl4-, Al2Cl7-, etc., intercalation into graphite flakes in ionic liquid of the aluminum-ion battery by different electrolysis processes to exfoliate graphite has been researched in detail. As a result of the enhanced structural flexibility, the intercalant gallery height increases in the less than five-layer graphene film, providing more free space for AlCl4-, Al2Cl7-, etc. transport. Therefore, a quantity of 3-5 layers rather than 1-2 layers of graphene can be obtained. The results clearly demonstrate that graphene has been produced in the graphite cathode in AlCl3/EMImCl ionic liquids, which is significantly meaningful for accelerating the theoretical research and industrialized application of graphene. Meanwhile, it has a vitally important role for promoting the recycling Al-ion batteries.


ABSTRACT Making decisions about continuing or cancelling serials subscriptions is a difficult process under the best of circumstances. In these situations, academic librarians can borrow from assessment practices in terms of gathering data, examining emergent patterns, comparing quantitative research and qualitative feedback, closing the loop by making changes, and then preparing to re-evaluate these changes. This article addresses a case study from an academic library at a state university in the midwestern United States as a model of best assessment practices for determining the future of print and online periodical subscriptions. The result is an updated, refocused serials collection that supports learning and research outcomes.


We prove that the algebra of endomorphisms of a Weyl module of critical level is isomorphic to the algebra of functions on the space of monodromy-free opers on the disc with regular singularity and residue determined by the highest weight of the Weyl module. This result may be used to test the local geometric Langlands correspondence proposed in our earlier work.


[figure: see text] Ring-opening reactions of semicyclic N,O-acetals with various nucleophiles such as silyl enol ethers are effectively catalyzed by a Lewis acid (TMSOTf). Reactions of 3-substituted N,O-acetals showed high diastereoselectivities. Synthetic utility of this method has been demonstrated in the stereoselective synthesis of an anti-malarial agent, isofebrifugine.


The empirical study on an interdependence relationship between nationalism and civil Abstract The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between nationalism and civil society. The present hypothesis, which was devel-oped from the theory of civil society, especially Hegel's thought, supposes a mutually dependent relationship between nationalism and civil society: the stronger (weaker) nationalism, the stronger (weaker) civil society and vice versa . On the other hand, its com-petitive hypothesis supposes a mutually substitute relationship: the stronger (weaker) nationalism, the weaker (stronger) civil society and vice versa . These hypotheses were tested in a survey, in which participants ( n = 400) were asked to respond to measurements for a sense of alienation from four communities (family, organization, region, and state). All the items for the measurements were devel-oped based on Hegel's descriptions about alienation from communities. The obtained data showed that the sense of alienation from each community was positively related with each other. This result gave supports to the interdependent relationship hypothesis. The implication of the result was discussed.


In airborne radome applications, monolithic half-wave wall configuration is generally used to provide superior electromagnetic (EM) performance at the design frequency. However, the application of a monolithic half-wave wall is limited due to its very narrow bandwidth. In order to circumvent this problem, inhomogeneous planar layer (IPL) with exponential variation of complex permittivity is proposed here for the design of a radome wall. As compared to the conventional monolithic half-wave radome of identical thickness, the IPL-based radome wall offers superior EM performance both at the normal and high incidence angles. The EM performance analysis shows that the IPL wall configuration is a better choice for designing both the normal-incidence and the highly streamlined airborne nosecone radomes.


more chapters on the cognitive inroad to creation. Jean-Luc Soubie and Florence Buratto contribute an outstanding analysis of collective and cooperative design models, and the editors, Mario Borillo and Jean-Pierre Goulette, explore the role of language in architectural design, formulating an outline for an ontology of a formal semantics (!) of the architectural vocabulary. For readers with a limited command of the French language, this book may be off limits, but I would advise anyone who can spare the time and who has a good dictionary at hand to try to enjoy the hilarious and very clever essay by Jean-Pierre Chupin: " 'La Mariée mise à nu . . .' (à propos de l'enseignabilité des modèles de la conception)," or "'The Bride Stripped Bare . . .' (On the Instructability of Models of Design)," which reads Marcel Duchamp's masterpiece as a blueprint for the process of creation.


CuI/L-proline-catalyzed coupling of 2-halotrifluoroacetanilides with pyrrole-2-carboxylate esters in DMSO at 80-90 degrees C followed by in situ hydrolysis at 60 degrees C afforded pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines. Indole-2-carboxylate esters underwent the same process smoothly to provide the corresponding tetracyclic products.


Abstract Successful correction of incontinence by Leadbetter's modification of young dees technique in 3 cases of subsymphyseal female episadias is reported. Simplicity and efficacy of this trechnique has prompted the team to undertake this procedure in all the cases.


One of the most challenging problems of cloud service solicitation is to persuade users to trust the security of cloud service and upload their sensitive data. Although cloud service providers can claim that their services are well-protected by elaborate encryption mechanisms, traditional cloud systems still cannot persuade the users that even if the cloud servers are compromised, the data are still securely protected. This study proposes uCloud, a user-centric key management scheme for cloud data protection, to solve this problem. uCloud utilises RSA and indirectly encrypts users' data by users' public keys, but stores the users' private keys on neither servers nor users' PCs; instead, the private keys are stored on users' mobile devices and presented via two-dimensional (2D) barcode images when they are utilised to decrypt users' sensitive data. In this manner, users' data are safely protected even if the cloud servers are compromised. Also, uCloud provides users with the experience of managing visible private keys by storing the keys into mobile phones and displaying them via 2D barcodes. Moreover, three scenarios: personal storage, home surveillance and enterprise storage scenarios are proposed to present the practicability of uCloud. In addition, a hierarchical structure is designed for basic key backup and data sharing in the proposed scheme.


Reasonable Men, Powerful Words traces the development of political culture in twentieth-century Japan through a social and intellectual biography of six Japanese economists who influenced national political life in significant ways. The global ascendance of social scientists is one of the defining characteristics of modernity. They dedicated themselves to an extraordinary range of public policies, including eliminating poverty, reducing disparities of wealth, reshaping the relationship between government and citizen, building a strong economy devoid of a military component, and creating an educated and politically active populace in Japan.


Public transport should, as might be assumed, allow for the mobility needs of all members of society to be fulfilled. This prerequisite should hold true whether the respective person is "just" the regular commuter on her or his way to work, the child on the way to school or the student travelling to university. However each of these persons has their individual needs and possibilities in coping with the barriers imposed on them. The commuter might be physically impaired and using a wheelchair, the child might not already be able to read and the student might suffer from impaired sight. All of these persons not only have a need of using public transport services but are entitled by law to receive the same opportunities as unimpaired passengers. This unhindered access to the daily mobility provided by public transport services however is rather seldom met. On the one hand this is due to public transport companies not having enough knowledge and awareness on the specific needs, barriers and possible solutions for impaired persons but also due to slack standards and regulations allowing authorities and providers to circumvent barrier-free re-designing of the existing systems. As can be deducted it is an absolute necessity to investigate the respective target groups separately to gather group-specific information that can then be translated into feasible plans for barrier-free designs. By far the largest group of handicapped persons requiring public transport systems for their daily mobility are persons with sight impairments. They constitute roughly 4-7% of the overall population with a concentration on urban regions due to improved support options. Therefore it is economically relevant to public transport providers to optimally service sight impaired persons within their respective systems. Furthermore, solutions improving the accessibility for this group unfold their effects to all groups using their visual sense while at the same time improving the comfort of public transport. In a large scale research project at the Institute for Transport and Logistics Management of WU Vienna the needs and barriers to sight impaired passengers in public transport were investigated and evaluated. Based on these findings, possible solutions were developed and best and bad practices throughout Europe were identified. These practices were then rated with a newly developed indicator method incorporating the benefits to the target group as well as the technical and economic feasibility. The proposed article represents the third and final publication on the topic of "Sight impaired in public transport". With it, the authors will close the circle of the last two European Transport Conferences. The authors are going to present the – appraised – (by our newly developed indicator) best and bad practices of solutions currently employed in public transport systems. On this basis, the authors are going to derive guidelines for public transport operators and public authorities on how to best address the needs of sight impaired passengers in their systems, while also keeping them economically efficient.


To meet the diverse needs of youth athletes within contemporary society, the privilege and responsibility of youth sport coaching must be reimagined. Critical positive youth development (CPYD)—which is grounded in Freire's critical consciousness—emphasizes the urgency to empower youth to promote social justice and increase their ability to contribute to societal change. Considering the scarcity of CPYD in coach education, sport social workers may offer unique educational experiences and critical learning opportunities that may help fulfill a CPYD mandate within the youth sport landscape. From a social constructivist perspective, the aim of the current study was to explore the duality of sport social workers coaching competitive youth sport. Findings from 10 sport social workers suggest that the values, knowledge, and skills of the social work profession—particularly sport social work—seem to offer a transferable skillset and lessons to be emulated by CPYD coach education. For instance, because of their unique education and training, social workers are taught to use a strengths-based approach, maintain a holistic perspective, and teach life skills that contribute to PYD. However, findings also emphasize the notion that education may not solve all challenges concerning the need to foster CPYD, as many other variables make up the sport system.


Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the most common genetic cardiomyopathy, is a disease characterised by substantial heterogeneity. Although the majority of patients with HCM remain asymptomatic with near-normal longevity, a small, but important, subset remain at risk for a wide range of clinical outcomes including sudden death. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), with its high spatial resolution and tomographic imaging capability, has emerged as an imaging modality particularly well suited to characterise the phenotypic expression of HCM. CMR helps in the diagnosis of HCM by identifying areas of hypertrophy not well visualised by echocardiography, providing more accurate wall thickness measurements and differentiating HCM from other causes of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. CMR has led to the identification of novel subgroups of patients with HCM, including those with LV apical aneurysms (a subgroup at increased risk for ventricular arrhythmias and thromboembolic stroke), as well as abnormalities that contribute to LV outflow obstruction. Additionally, contrast-enhanced CMR with late-gadolinium enhancement (LGE) has recognised patients with extensive LGE (≥15 % LV myocardium) as individuals who may be at increased risk of sudden death, independent of other high-risk features, with implications on management strategies including consideration for primary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy. These observations justify an expanded role of CMR in the routine clinical assessment of patients with HCM.


The high repetition rate operation of a capacitively-coupled-discharge, hollow-dielectric waveguide laser is reported. By using superfluorescent nitrogen as the active medium, a laser pulse output of energy 2.5 mu J and duration 2 ns has been achieved. A pulse repetition rate as high as 100 p.p.s. has been obtained without gas flow but with cooling of the gas by heating transfer to the cell walls after every discharge pulse.


Facial Expression recognition is a term which refers to recognizing the mode of the user according to the facial movements and other facial gestures. A lot of previous researches have been already submitted in the same work with different accuracy rate. The reserch work is try to enhance the accuracy rate by improving the feature extraction methods and classification using Neural Network, along with some pre and post processing steps. Finally, in the end proposed work is compare with the previous classifiers to measure the accuracy rate.


Copyright © 2019 Pharmacognosy Journal. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Cite this article: Kusmardi K, Rahyussalim, Wisnubaroto RP, Firzani D. The Combination of Spirulina Extract and Sambiloto Effect Histopathologically on Medial Colon from Plasmodium berghei Anka Infected Mice. Pharmacog J. 2019;11(3):564-9. ABSTRACT Introduction: Malaria is one of the biggest burden in medical section in Indonesia, as the prevalence is still high and half of the provinces in Indonesia considered as endemic area.1-4 Moreover, the drug resistant case number has grown larger within years.3-7 Indonesian people are very close with traditional drug regiment that derived from plants, for example Sambiloto and Spirulina.7-9 This research done in order to see the effect of Sambiloto and Spirulina combination from histopathologic aspect in medial colon of P. berghei infected mice. Method: The data taken from experimental study using male Swiss Webster mice that has been infected with Plasmodium berghei Anka. The four groups of mice were given different treatment. The first group treated with Sambiloto only, the second one with Sambiloto and Spirulina extract, the third group with Sambiloto and Spirulina powder and the last one the control group with administration of DHP. Results: The result shows that the group with extract and powder spirulina show a significant result in the inflammatory focus and angiogenesis. However, this research does not necessarily prove the correlation between Sambiloto-Spirulina and their effect on the goblet cell and dysplasia grade on the infected mice, as the result for both category is insignificant. Conclusion: The study showed that spirulina has positive effect on inflamatory focus and angiogenesis, but the goblet cells count and dysplasia grade result is not noteworthy, as it requires prolonged inflammation process in order to achieve the optimal result.


An understanding of the shock conditions that optimise true shock synthesis, not shock initiation, must be understood. Simply the mixing of powdered materials and shock loading them is at best a hit and miss proposition. A shock loading technique, using an axi-symmetric radial implosion technique that produces a Mach-stem region upon convergence of the shock wave results in pressure-temperatures that for the most materials exceed their melting temperatures. As the shock wave passes through, the resultant melt is pressure/temperature quenched. This technique has produced metastable concentrations of several alloys. Various parameters utilizing high pressure-temperature data are assessed towards increasing solubility beyond equilibrium. This paper will describe the current understanding and basic premise as well as the experimental technique used to obtain these conditions.


Background The COVID-19 pandemic severely affected everyday life and working conditions for most Europeans, particularly health care professionals (HCPs). Over the past 3 years, various policies have been implemented in various European countries. Studies have reported on the worsening of mental health, work-related stress, and helpful coping strategies. However, having a closer look is still necessary to gain more information on the psychosocial stressors and unmet needs of HCPs as well as nonmedical staff. Objective This study aimed to obtain quantitative information on job-related stressors of physicians and nurses and the coping strategies of HCPs and nonmedical staff at 2 periods of the COVID-19 pandemic. By further analyzing qualitative comments, we wanted to gain more information on the psychosocial stressors and unmet needs of HCPs as well as nonmedical staff on different levels of experience. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted at 2 time points during the COVID-19 pandemic in several European countries. The first study period (T1) lasted between April 1 and June 20, 2020, and the second study period (T2) lasted between November 25, 2021, and February 28, 2022. On a quantitative level, we used a questionnaire on stressors for physicians and nurses and a questionnaire on coping strategies for HCPs and nonmedical staff. Quantitative data were descriptively analyzed for mean values and differences in stressors and coping strategies. Qualitative data of free-text boxes of HCPs and nonmedical staff were analyzed via thematic analysis to explore the experiences of the individuals. Results T1 comprised 609 participants, and T2 comprised 1398 participants. Overall, 296 participants made 438 qualitative comments. The uncertainty about when the pandemic would be controlled (T1: mean 2.28, SD 0.85; T2: mean 2.08, SD 0.90) and the fear of infecting the family (T1: mean 2.26, SD 0.98; T2: mean 2.02, SD 1.02) were the most severe stressors identified by physicians and nurses in both periods. Overall, the use of protective measures (T1: mean 2.66, SD 0.60; T2: mean 2.66, SD 0.60) and acquiring information about COVID-19 (T1: mean 2.29, SD 0.82; T2: mean 1.99, SD 0.89) were identified as the most common coping strategies for the entire study population. Using thematic analysis, we identified 8 themes of personal experiences on the micro, meso, and macro levels. Measures, working conditions, feelings and emotions, and social climate were frequently mentioned topics of the participants. In T1, feelings of isolation and uncertainty were prominent. In T2, feelings of exhaustion were expressed and vaccination was frequently discussed. Moreover, unmet psychosocial needs were identified. Conclusions There is a need for improvement in pandemic preparedness. Targeted vocational education measures and setting up of web-based mental health support could be useful to bridge gaps in psychosocial support needs in future crises.


The Russian wheat aphid (RWA) [Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov)] is an economically signifi cant insect pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in the USA. Since 1986, only one biotype existed in the USA. In 2003, a new biotype appeared which was virulent to all known resistance genes in wheat, with the exception of Dn7. Dn7 is a rye gene transferred into a wheat background via 1RS/1BL translocation. It was previously mapped; however, no PCR-based markers were developed for marker-assisted selection (MAS) and the map was sparse. This study presents a higher density map of Dn7 containing 19 markers. The markers spanning Dn7 are XHor2 and Xscb241 at distances of 1.4 and 1 cM, respectively, from Dn7. PCR markers were developed and tested on 19 wheat cultivars. Two markers which amplifi ed rye-specifi c fragments proved to be useful for MAS. Xrems1303 amplifi ed a 320-bp band only in cultivars with high-level resistance to biotype 2 and is effective for MAS of Dn7. Xib267 is linked to the susceptible locus and amplifi ed a fragment specifi c for rye Petkus 1RS and would be a good marker for selecting against the susceptible locus. The value of Dn7 as a source of resistance has increased because of the broad spectrum resistance it provides against several biotypes. The markers developed in this study will be useful for facilitating the transfer of Dn7 into wheat cultivars with or without translocation chromosomes containing 1RS.


In this paper we present a new reduced basis technique for parametrized nonlinear scalar conservation laws in presence of shocks. The essential ingredients are an efficient algorithm to approximate the shock curve, a procedure to detect the smooth components of the solution at the two sides of the shock, and a suitable interpolation strategy to reconstruct such smooth components during the online stage. The approach we propose is based on some theoretical properties of the solution to the problem. Some numerical examples prove the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.


The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has developed a tool known as the Information and Communication Technology Development Index (IDI) for measuring the development of countries as information societies. They found a close correlation between IDI and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita of countries. In this paper on the basis of this relationship we have tried to create a 30 arc-second grid of IDI. At first a disaggregated map of total economic activity was created from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS) merged radiance-calibrated nighttime image of 2006 and the LandScan population grid of 2006. The GDP per capita was then calculated and an attempt was made to create the IDI grid. However, at the 30 arc-second resolution the GDP per capita was found to be less in the city centers than in the areas surrounding the city centers. Thus an estimated IDI grid at 30 arc-second resolution could not be created based on the relationship between GDP per capita and official IDI. Therefore, the finest resolution at which the estimated IDI map was created was at the state level for the South-East Asian countries. In a future endeavor, we intend to create an IDI grid of much finer resolution.


BACKGROUND: The goal of the study was to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of survivin in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). METHODS: Seventy children with JIA – 59 newly diagnosed and 11 biologically treated (46 girls and 17 boys) aged 1.5-18 years and 29 healthy children as a control group, appropriately matched in terms of sex and age, were included into the study. Concentration of survivin was assessed by an ELISA test in serum and also 18 matched synovial fluid samples collected from JIA patients. RESULTS: Children with JIA were divided according to the subtype of the JIA. In 65.7% of patients oligoarthritis was diagnosed. The disease activity was established on the basis of JADAS-27 criteria, distinguishing three levels of inflammatory process activity: low, medium and high. The largest group comprised children of low activity (62.9%) of the disease. The serum concentration of survivin was significantly higher in JIA compared to the controls (p<0.001). Higher concentration of survivin correlated positively with the presence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide autoantibodies (ACPA) (p=0.001). In all synovial fluid samples the concentration of survivin was higher than in matched serum (p=0.003). Serum survivin concentration did not statistically significantly change according to radiological damage status or active synovitis assessed by joint ultrasonography. Survivin level was independent of the disease duration time and treatment with TNF-α inhibitors in DMARD's non-responders. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the conducted study, it could be concluded that survivin seem to be an independent biomarker that may be helpful in the diagnosis of JIA. Nevertheless, the higher concentration of survivin is being associated with ACPA positivity, survivin can act as a unique biomarker that identifies an additional group of patients with JIA negative for autoantibodies, even in the early stage of the disease. We have failed to confirm survivin prognostic potential for the active and destructive course of the rheumatoid process, however it is worth to underline that children have better potential for bone regeneration than adults. Survivin measurement should be considered as aiding tool identifying DMARD's non-responders.


The estimation of intravoxel distributions of T2 values based on multi-echo MR data is a challenging task. Interestingly, the information above is quite useful to detect damage on brain tissue, e.g. to estimate myelin-water-fraction changes associated with demyelination processes. Currently available methods typically require a long train of echoes, which are not always feasible to acquire. In this work we tackle this problem using state-of-the-art supervised learning convolutional networks to build a robust prediction model on very limited data ( 5 echoes and 4 TR). The methodology identifies myelin abnormalities in a rodent model of a neurological disorder with demyelination.


- The expansion of magnetic domains in thin films with perpendicular anisotropy is investigated. To determine the domain-wall-velocity as a function of the applied magnetic field a selfconsistent magnetic-viscosity approach is used. The main predictions of the theory are a linear behaviour in the limit of moderately strong fields, a quasi-exponential behaviour for fields close to the propagation field, and a negative velocity for very small and negative fields. The predictions of the theory are compatibne with domain-wall investigations on AuICoIAu sandwiches.


The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible benefit of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in sinus grafting as compared with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 (rhBMP-7). For this purpose, we performed a bilateral sinus augmentation with anorganic bovine bone and simultaneous insertion of a titanium screw implant in five miniature pigs. Six hundred microliters of PRP and 15%-vol. autologous bone, which was collected with a trap during preparation of the implant recipient site, were added to the right sinus and 420 microl rhBMP-7 to the left sinus. A polychrome sequential labeling was performed. The animals were sacrificed 6 weeks after surgery. Undecalcified ground sections were evaluated by microradiography, digitized histomorphometry and under fluorescent light. The mean bone-implant contact using rhBMP-7 was 45.8% and 5.7% under PRP (P=0.002). The mean height of newly mineralized bone in the augmented area using rhBMP-7 amounted to 8.3 mm as opposed to 3.6 mm under PRP (P=0.013). Using PRP, the mean area of the newly formed bone was enhanced (51.3%) as compared with rhBMP-7 (33.1%); however, this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.081). In conclusion, under the selected experimental conditions the use of rhBMP-7 led to superior outcomes with regard to the osseointegration of dental implants and the height of new bone as compared with the use of PRP.


Abstract What benefits were derived from the invention of pottery, and why did ceramics remain marginal for so long? The increasing use of pottery has been seen as a response to large-scale harvesting in a model that favours economic advantage through increased efficiency. This paper challenges that view; combining carbon and nitrogen isotope and lipid analysis, the authors argue that pottery was used selectively for storing or processing valued exchange commodities such as fish oil. Its use can be seen as part of broader developments in hunter-gatherer society, featuring seasonal gatherings, collective feasting and a new articulation of social relations.


Speckle noise is inherent to radar measurements. For applications which need both a high temporal and high spatial resolution, a classical method for the reduction of the speckle noise by filtering the backscattered signal may not be sufficient. In particular, when radar observations are used to estimate ocean wave spectra from relative fluctuations of the radar signal within a given footprint, a method must be implemented to correct for the speckle effect in the Fourier domain (i.e., density spectrum). A theoretical background to model the speckle density spectrum for a radar with near-nadir incidences was proposed by Jackson in 1981 but it is based on a stationary sea surface assumption and ignores the variation of the main factor in the four-frequency moment near the origin. In this article, we revisit this theoretical background to extend this model to a time-varying sea surface and alleviate some assumptions on the Fresnel phase formulation. The results from the model applied in the configuration of an airborne system indicate that not only the displacement of the radar but also the dynamic properties of the sea surfaces have a significant effect on the speckle noise spectrum in certain directions of observations. The effects depend on the radar look direction in azimuth, and on sea surface conditions (wind speed, wind direction with respect to the aircraft route, surface wave spectrum). This new model is validated against observations of the airborne near-nadir incidence scatterometer—Ku-band Radar for Observation of Surfaces (KuROS). We show in particular that the errors between the experimental estimation of the omni-directional speckle noise spectrum from KuROS and the prediction by our model are below 10%.


We study the theoretical and experimental effects of hole quantity and inter-inter-hole spacing on insertion loss for using femtosecond laser to make bend-sensitive multi-hole plastic optical fiber (POF), and also analyze the mechanism of bending loss in multi-hole POF. A force sensor based on bending loss of the multi-hole POF is fabricated. The measurement ranges from 0 to 65 N, and the maximum output change exceeds 15.51 dB with good linearity and repeatability, and the sensitivity is 0.24 dB/N.


The Baduy indigenous people as one of the ethnic groups in Indonesia have various unique and diverse cultural characteristics. The ethnic groups in Banten do not recognize divorce. Baduy people are only allowed to marry once in their lifetime unless their spouse (wife or husband) dies, then they are allowed to remarry. Apart from divorce, in Baduy society there is also a prohibition on polygamy and polyandry because Baduy people are only allowed to marry one person. Men in Baduy customs are indeed forbidden to practice polygamy because Baduy society is very thick with past culture. This is one proof that the Sunda Wiwitan religion is still highly adhered to and obeyed. The house on stilts with one door has a deep meaning. One door symbolizes loyalty so they can only have one wife. Divorce is something that is forbidden by their custom. If a divorce occurs, they are punished with very severe sanctions for them, one of which is expulsion from the Baduy area. The Baduy customary law which does not allow the community to divorce is known as the Divorced Immune Marriage.
This study describes the Pikukuh Baduy (rules of prohibition from ancestors) regarding Divorced Marriage in Baduy and applies to all Baduy indigenous peoples, both Inner Baduy and Outer Baduy.
The long-term goal to be achieved from this research is to find out the causes and reasons for this divorce-immune marriage and how to comply with it because according to some sources there are still those who violate this Baduy customary pikukuh. The consequences of this violation of the Baduy customary pikukuh will also be analyzed systematically and then look for positive solutions.
The specific target to be achieved from this research is to strive for the Baduy community to continue to follow ancestral customs for the sake of creating the sustainability of the life of the Baduy indigenous people. Life in Baduy is very simple, but they can live in peace, serenity, and rarely get into conflict because they can adhere to the traditional rules of their ancestors. This can be a mirror for other communities in Indonesia. This will also have a positive impact on preserving the culture of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia, which is diverse in culture with its motto Bhinneka Tunggal Ika.
This research uses normative juridical and sociological normative legal research methods. This research is descriptive analytical and uses Primary Data Sources and Secondary Data Sources. Descriptive in this research in the form of a description of the situation, conditions, circumstances, and the reality of the customary pikukuh that exist in the Baduy Tribe community. Then analyze what the problem is in order to find a solution to the problem. The source of the data used in this study was obtained from Library Research. Normative Jurisdiction in this study is a discussion of several existing regulations. Sociological Normative Research on law constructs law as a system of laws and regulations that have existed so far and then constructed in a society's behavior. Sociological research on law observes how the law lives in the community and what is the characteristic of a community behavior in an area in an aspect of social life to be further described, compiled, and analyzed descriptively to get a complete picture of the relationship between interests. and all values that are embraced and believed by the community in the area, namely in Baduy.


Set in the context of the 2019 Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill (Anti-ELAB) protest movement in Hong Kong, this study focuses on selected material and social appropriations of space including community-focused events held in shopping malls, the establishment of networks connecting consumers to suppliers with like-minded political values, and human chains. Drawing on popular concepts such as scale, network and place-frames found in the literature on contentious politics, we argue that the place-making practices observed during the period of study became claim-making practices that effectively framed movement aims and projected movement claims beyond the neighbourhood scale into a dynamic contestation at the city and national scales. Adopting key elements of neighbourhood as defined by Jenks and Dempsey, we highlight that the socio-spatial practices of the Anti-ELAB protests not only re-cast city spaces into neighbourhood spaces but also redefined traditional understandings of neighbourhood as a socio-spatial construct. We argue that during the Anti-ELAB movement an 'ideological neighbourhood' emerged in which spatial relationality is not borne out through physical proximity. Instead, connections between functional and social units were established through ideological affinity. These new connections and the replication of neighbourhood-based practices reinforced the construction of a socially and politically distinct Hong Kong identity. We extend the literatures on contentious politics and urban sociology by showing that the ideology and the imaginaries of movement participants can become spatially manifest and thus defensible in the physical world through new territorialities such as the neighbourhood.


Diet composition impacts metabolic health and is now recognized to shape the immune system, especially in the intestinal tract. Nutritional imbalance and increased caloric intake are induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in which lipids are enriched at the expense of dietary fibers. Such nutritional challenge alters glucose homeostasis as well as intestinal immunity. Here, we observed that short-term HFD induced dysbiosis, glucose intolerance and decreased intestinal RORγt+ CD4 T cells, including peripherally-induced Tregs and IL17-producing (Th17) T cells. However, dietary fiber supplementation of HFD-fed animals was sufficient to maintain RORγt+ CD4 T cell subsets and microbial species known to induce them, alongside having a beneficial impact on glucose tolerance. Dietary fiber-mediated normalization of Th17 cells and amelioration of glucose handling required the cDC2 dendritic cell subset in HFD-fed animals, while IL-17 neutralization limited fibers impact on glucose tolerance. Overall, we uncover a novel and pivotal role of cDC2 in the control of the immune and metabolic effects of dietary fibers in the context of HFD feeding.


As one of the most promising candidates for nonvolatile memory, phase change memory (PCM) technology has shown great performance advantages in market applications. However, the conventional test methods have not kept pace with the development. In this article, focusing on specific PCM faults and others, an enhanced march test algorithm is proposed to achieve 100% fault coverage and diagnostic accuracy in bit-oriented PCM. The proposed algorithm is then converted for word-oriented PCM and equipped with capability to detect potential intraword impact. In addition, to reduce the dependence of memory test on the external devices, a novel storage scheme of fault information is devised. Through the modeling and simulation in C-language, this method is proven to improve the probability of finding the predefined fault-free regions in the tested memory. Finally, combining the enhanced test algorithm and the novel storage scheme, a built-in self-test (BIST) march test scheme is proposed, realizing the independent test of PCM without any external equipment. By comparison, the result of experiments, which are performed with C-language, proves that the proposed test scheme not only increases the fault coverage and diagnostic accuracy, but also reduces the additional area overhead.


Observations in specialist literature as well as the perception of lay people suggest that in Swiss German dialects in general and even more so in the dialects of Central Switzerland the unaccented vowel in words such as macha ('make'), which is here referred to as schwa, is not a completely central vowel corresponding to [ə] but is closer to [ae] or [ɛ]. In order to verify whether these observations are correct, recordings from Central Switzerland and Zurich were analyzed and later also compared to recordings of speakers from Germany speaking Standard German. The results show that speakers of both Swiss German dialects pronounce schwa with a more open quality than the speakers from Germany. The analyses of different factors reveal that for the Swiss but not for the Germans the degree of openness of schwa correlates with a more deliberate articulation. It can, therefore, be assumed that the Swiss German schwa's target is not a completely central but rather a slightly open vowel. Furthermore, in the dialects of Central Switzerland the vowel is articulated with more spread lips than in Zurich German. Nevertheless, the formant values lead to the conclusion that the Swiss German schwa is still fairly central and does not overlap with any front vowels. It is most precisely represented by the phonetic symbol [ɜ].


Australia's capital city airports are recognised as critical pieces of infrastructure and as major economic nodes in their own right. Much less is known about the larger regional airports which also provide key transportation links and typically support business clusters and land uses related to aviation and aeronautics. Purpose: This paper reports on a recently completed survey of businesses adjacent to airport facilities in an Australian region to ascertain locational determinants, key characteristic clusters and their tenure and lease issues. Methodology: The research is based on a literature review, the inputs of key informants, and structured faceto-face interviews with practically all business in the cluster. Findings: The research would indicate that, while there is an obvious physical need for many of these businesses to be located with access to aircraft and tarmac facilities, the link between the resident firms may not be as strong as it might appear. Further, the almost inherent volatility of the general aviation sector results in special and sometimes difficult property and lease dealings with the airport owners. Implications: Major regional airports, their airline operations and general aviation clusters in Australia share many common characteristics in function, operations and property dealings/clusters. It would therefore be reasonable to expect that the findings from this research would also have implications to provide support for such economic clusters or for the management of property resources at the numerous similar facilities in Australia, New Zealand and across the wider Asia Pacific; ;


A group of scholars has recently proposed to implement an international minimum effective tax rate (METR) for multinationals (see https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3796030). They have conceived the METR as a revised and modified version of the GloBE minimum tax concept currently pursued by the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on BEPS. Like GloBE, the METR has been designed to operate as a broad instrument against BEPS. But the international allocation of additional taxing rights regarding profits that have been taxed too low, as well as the calculation of the top-up tax, would differ from the GloBE approach. More specifically, the METR would rely on formulaic apportionment for allocating taxing rights, and it would allow the relevant jurisdictions to levy a proportional top-up tax that corresponds to its own corporate tax.

In the preparation of an exchange of views with the EU Commission services, the author of this paper has been asked to provide an external review of the compatibility of the METR concept with EU/EEA free movement rights. The paper arrives at the conclusion that the METR would give less rise to instances of discrimination – as understood in case law of the CJEU – than an unmodified GloBE minimum tax. Moreover, it is possible to adapt the METR rules so as to preserve the core concept whilst ensuring the near complete absence of disadvantageous tax treatment of cross-border situations. The remaining marginal issues would then likely be accepted as justified by the CJEU.

An earlier version of this paper was published in Tax Notes International, Volume 102, April 12, 2021.


With the success of Neural Radiance Field (NeRF) in 3D-aware portrait editing, a variety of works have achieved promising results regarding both quality and 3D consistency. However, these methods heavily rely on per-prompt optimization when handling natural language as editing instructions. Due to the lack of labeled human face 3D datasets and effective architectures, the area of human-instructed 3D-aware editing for open-world portraits in an end-to-end manner remains under-explored. To solve this problem, we propose an end-to-end diffusion-based framework termed InstructPix2NeRF, which enables instructed 3D-aware portrait editing from a single open-world image with human instructions. At its core lies a conditional latent 3D diffusion process that lifts 2D editing to 3D space by learning the correlation between the paired images' difference and the instructions via triplet data. With the help of our proposed token position randomization strategy, we could even achieve multi-semantic editing through one single pass with the portrait identity well-preserved. Besides, we further propose an identity consistency module that directly modulates the extracted identity signals into our diffusion process, which increases the multi-view 3D identity consistency. Extensive experiments verify the effectiveness of our method and show its superiority against strong baselines quantitatively and qualitatively.


Some of the advanced EXAFS analysis features of FEFF and FEFFIT are described. The scattering path formalism from FEFF and cumulant expansion are used as the basic building blocks of EXAFS analysis, giving a flexible and robust parameterization of most EXAFS problems. The ability to model EXAFS data in terms of generalized physical variables is shown, including the simultaneous refinement of two different polarizations for Co K EXAFS data of CoPt3.


Growth in the popularity of social networking sites (SNSs) such as Facebook has been accompanied by unintended negative results (e.g., cyberbullying). SNSs could offer solutions, as well. In this article, we explore the persuasive effects of the emotional appeal and message virality of Facebook status updates. Using status updates for a fictitious anticyberbullying organization, we conducted a 3×2×2×3 (emotional tone × affective evaluation × viral reach × message repetition) mixed factorial experiment (N=365). Positive messages resulted in more positive message evaluations and stronger anticyberbullying attitudes and viral behavioral intentions. Further, low message virality led to the most favorable message evaluations, while high virality resulted in stronger anticyberbullying attitudes.


Introduction: Identification of dental implant types can be a complex process for inexperienced health care professionals. Dental implants can have subtle differences in their morphology, which make it difficult to distinguish them from one another. The unique appearance of dental anatomy and the placement of custom restorations ensure accurate identification of bodies or human remains when radiographic techniques are correctly applied.
Aims and objectives: To develop a radiographic dental implant guide for ten common dental implant types currently used in the Western Cape, South Africa; using their morphological characteristics observed on pantomographs.
Design: The methodology considered for this research study was a positivist approach through a quantitative, exploratory,
non-experimental research design.
Methods: Ten commonly used dental implants were radiographed at straight tube (ST), off-centre (OC) and severe offcentre
(SOC) angles to create a reference instrument. Two reviewers used the morphologies of the different dental implant types, namely the apex, thread and neck, observed on ante-mortem pantomographs, and compared it to the appearance of the dental implants in the
reference instrument to make a positive identification match. The straight tube image of all ten dental implant types in the reference instrument was used as the initial point of reference to positively identify the morphological characteristics of each dental implant type on the pantomographs.
Methods: A total of 380 dental implants could be identified on 105 pantomographs reviewed. Of the 380 dental implants, 350 dental implants (91%) were identified as dental implant types listed in the reference instrument while 30 dental implants were identified as another type of dental implant type not listed in the reference instrument. total of 208 dental implants (54.2%) could be positively
identified on the ante-mortem pantomographs using the straight tube images in the reference instrument. The morphological characteristics of the dental implant types were described using x-ray imaging of dental implants. The ten commonly used dental implants types could be positively identified by two independent reviewers and based on this a radiographic dental implant
guide was developed.
Conclusion: Each dental implant type had unique morphological characteristics as well as similarities which enabled distinction
between the different dental implant types. The dental implant guide developed could be used by dentistry and radiography students. The dental implant guide may be useful in the field of forensic dentistry and forensic radiology.


Introduction. Physiotherapy applied in burn scar treatment is one of the components of patient rehabilitation at the Burn Treatment Centre in Siemianowice OEl¹skie. The aim of the study is to present the physiotherapeutic procedures used in the case of patients with elbow thermal burns in order to prevent hyperthrophied scar formation and to improve mobility and esthetic appearance of the scar area. Material and methods: the material consisted of 25 patients (8 women, 17 men) aged 18-62, after 2a, 2b and 3 degree thermal burns, treated at the Rehabilitation Department of the Burn Treatment Centre in Siemianowice OEl¹skie, in whom the burn scar covered the circumferential area of the elbow joint. The patients went through unified physiotherapeutic procedures: laser biostimulation, ultrasounds, iontophoresis. Each of the procedures was performed in series of 15-20 repetitions. The patient's hospitalization period was 21 days. The study includes procedure parameters, a review and characteristics of the methods and the progress achieved in the patients' rehabilitation. Conclusions. 1. Correctly tailored and unified physiotherapy administered to patients treated at the Rehabilitation Department of the Burn Treatment Centre due to circumferential burns of the elbow joint area has an effect on improving mobility in the scar area and is beneficial to the process of scar formation. 2. The use of physiotherapy in the treatment of burn scars is a supplement to the patients' rehabilitation. The rehabilitation should be a complex process, including kinesitherapy, pressotherapy and pharmacotherapy, so as to ensure the best possible results of scar treatment.


We report on cyclotron resonance detected by far-infrared photoconductivity of the two-dimensional electron gas formed in undoped, top-gated GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As heterostructures. The photoconductivity method demonstrated here is readily extendable to quantum wires. The top-gated device architecture avoids the disorder inherent in conventional modulation-doped devices and allows precise in situ tuning of carrier density over two orders of magnitude. We observe very sharp resonances (6 mT at 1.5 K) indicating a very high mobility, which is attributed to the low level of impurities. The variation of the linewidth at small filling factor is also consistent with a low concentration of impurities. These results suggest that the filling-factor-dependent oscillations observed in linewidth are not due to the screening of ionized impurities. Filling-factor-dependent oscillations in photoconductivity intensity are also observed, with maxima occurring at even filling factors.


Indonesia as a predominantly agricultural country many are resting their
livelihoods from agriculture. Memmiliki agricultural sector played an important and
strategic role in national development and regional.Padi in Indonesia is a
commodity that has strategic value to the vast dimensions and complex, rice has
a sensitivity level of political, economic and social insecurity is high. Local
knowledge is the internalization of the experience of a long life and be a part of
the lifestyle of the local communities with social norms. In an effort to increase
the productivity of food crops, local wisdom to the associates of science and
modern technology. The existence of local wisdom is starting to fade and even
disappear from the lives of rural people.
The purpose of this study was to identify the forms of local wisdom in rice
agribusiness activities, analyzing local knowledge as social capital in relation to
the implementation of Islamic economic principles, and analyze the development
and revitalization of indigenous communities as social capital based on Islamic
economic perinsip in activities agribusiness rice.
The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative analysis method
and sign test. Sampling method used was non-random sampling (purposive
sampling). Data collection through primary and secondary data.
The results of this research is a form - the form of local knowledge in the
District Kedungadem associated with the implementation of the principles of
Islamic finance are as follows: according to the ijara rental. Paron accordance
with muzara'ah, Mukhabarah and Musyarakah. Pawn in accordance with Ar-rahn,
while Islamic economic principles on the use of its own seed, seeding the ground
to lend freely, selametan Kawit ngluku, Kawit tandur, keleman and wiwitan,
tandur cultivation, fertilizer borrow without interest, for the harvest is bawon,
buffalo plow, harrow buffalo, soyo daud, the use of ani-ani, thresher machines
gebyok accordance with ta'awwun, sodaqah, Mujahadah, no usury, no zhulm,
muamalah and muzara'ah. Rice drying process after dry storage and sale in
accordance with the principle of mutual help, do not apply wasteful, and more
emphasis needs than wants. So the need for the development and revitalization
of local knowledge as social capital based on the principles of Islamic finance in
paddy agribusiness activities in the District Kedungadem Bojonegoro agricultural
development in order to create a developed and independent society that is more
prosperous farmers both in the world and the Hereafter later.
Keywords: Agribusiness Rice, Local Wisdom, Principles of Islamic Economics.


This paper presents the thickness effect of hysteresis ring of hysteresis motor using finite element method combined with a vector hysteresis model. From the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field intensity, the magnetization of each ring element is calculated by a vector hysteresis model. The developed torque can be obtained with the vector sum of individual torque of each element on the hysteresis ring. From these calculations, it can be found that the motor torque is not in proportion to the thickness of the ring. As a result, there exists a proper point of thickness and that can be determined using the proposed methoㅇ in this paper.


SUMMARY (1) Distribution records of the flora within arable field boundaries and the associated crop indicated that most species in field boundaries did not occur in the crop area. About 30% of the species recorded in the boundary were found also at varying distances into the crop. Many of these were found only within 2 5 m of the undisturbed field edge, though some important field weeds appear to originate in the margins, e.g. Bromus steriis L., Elymus repens and Galium aparine. (2) Four types of plant distribution were found on two farms, one in Cambridgeshire and the other in Hampshire. Plants were (i) limited to the margin, (ii) limited to the crop but occasionally found in the hedge-bottom, (iii) occurring at the boundary and at decreasing density into the crop, and (iv) distributed through the headland with highest densities between 1 0 m and 5 m from the field edge. (3) A number of annual arable weeds, e.g. Veronica persica, were recorded at low densities within the field boundary and were present in the boundary seed bank. (4) The distribution of the viable buried seed flora from samples taken at different distances from the field boundary were similar to those of the plants above ground.


Publication No. 49 of the Association of College and Research Libraries entitled Restructuring Academic Libraries: Organizational Development in the Wake of Technological Change states "the swift advance of computer networking has disrupted print‐age organizational structures in higher education and invaded the academic library's traditional autonomy. Such fundamental change impels libraries to develop new institutional arrangements to support digital‐based research and curricular programs". With this in mind, this paper examines the Meriam Library at California State University, Chico, using the four ranges of restructuring outcomes of boundary spanning, as described in the publication, as benchmarks to measure and assess what opportunities and achievements in organizational changes have occurred over the last decade.


Biomimetic total syntheses of baefrutones A-D (1-4), baeckenon B (5), and frutescones A, D-F (6-9), isolated from the leaves of Baeckea frutescens, were achieved in 9, 8, and 5 steps, respectively, in moderate to good yields (72-83%). The synthetic routes feature the Michael addition, oxidative [4 + 2] cycloaddition, and water-promoted Diels-Alder click reactions as the key steps. This study helped gain thorough mechanistic insights into the biosynthetic origins and provided a facile approach for the construction of a library of natural tasmanone-based meroterpenoid analogues. Moreover, compounds 1-9 show potent inhibitory effects against S. paratyphi and/or C. albicans with MIC values of 3.125-25 μg mL-1, and they could be promising lead molecules for the design of new antibiotic agents.


The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is resistant to the paracrine action of renal dopamine. Although the resistance of the SHR to the natriuretic effect of dopamine and its analogues is in part due to an uncoupling of a D1-like receptor from its G-protein/effector enzyme complex in renal proximal tubules, other mechanisms may be involved. Humoral/hormonal factors (e.g. angiotensin II, norepinephrine[NE]) which increase renal sodium transport may also act to oppose the natriuretic effect of dopamine. Since excess NE via increased renal nerve activity in the SHR may act to limit the natriuretic effect of dopamine, we compared the effects of the selective intrarenal arterial infusion of the D1 agonist, SKF 38383, into the chemosurgically denervated (DNX) left kidney in saline-loaded (5% of body weight)-anesthetized SHR (systolic pressure = 218 mm Hg) and its normotensive control, the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat (systolic pressure = 120 mm Hg). Vehicle infusion into the left DNX kidney had no effect on any renal functional parameter. In the right innervated kidney, DNX of the left kidney slightly decreased V and UNaV; neither vehicle nor D1-agonist infusion exerted any effect. However, renal DNX in the left kidney increased urine flow (V) and sodium excretion (UNaV) to a similar degree in WKY and SHR (2-fold, n=5-7/ group), without affecting renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, or blood pressure. In WKY, after DNX, the D1 agonist (but not the vehicle), dose-dependently (1.2, 12, and 120 ng/min) increased V (from 13.56 ± 1.83 after DNX to 15.42 ± 1.67, 17.23 ± 2.60, and 19.70 ± 2.98 μl/min, respectively; P≤0.05 120 ng vs DNX, ANOVA, Scheffe's test) and UNaV (from 1.54 ± 0.23 after DNX to 1.98 ± 0.26, 2.53 ± 0.51, 3.08 ± 0.63μEq/min, respectively; P≤0.05 120 ng vs DNX, ANOVA, Scheffe's test). Stopping the agonist resulted in partial recovery of V and UNaV to baseline DNX values. In contrast, in the SHR, the D1 agonist had no effect on any functional parameter after DNX, similar to its inaction in the innervated kidney of the SHR (Hypertension 15: 560, 1990). We conclude that the decreased natriuretic effect of D1 agonists in the SHR is not due to increased renal nerve activity. These data support our previous studies implicating a defect in the D1 receptor or its regulation in the kidney in genetic hypertension.


The term "shaded computer graphics" refers to computer-generated images in which an intensity is calculated for each of a quarter-million or more resolvabe spots which form a picture. Realistic images of this sort were first synthesized about a decade ago,1,2 and subsequent years have seen considerable research and development. Although these efforts were largely stimulated by the need for visual simulators for training airplane and spacecraft pilots, the resulting techniques and equipment are now available for a broad spectrum of applications.


There are different types of pollutants in water hence they are
constantly in competition for active sites during the adsorption process. A key advantage
of competitive adsorption studies is that these inform regarding the adsorbent's performance
in real water treatment applications.

This study aims to investigate the competitive adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II),
Fe(II) and Zn(II) using elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) biochar and hybrid biochar
from LDPE.

The produced biochar was characterised by Scanning Electron Microscopy
(SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The adsorption parameters,
equilibrium isotherm modelling and parametric studies were conducted based on data
from the batch adsorption experiments.

For both adsorbents, the removal efficiency was >99% over the entire investigation
for dosage and contact time, suggesting that they are very efficient for removing multiple
heavy metals from aqueous media. It was observed that removal efficiency was optimal
at 2 g/l dosage and contact time was 20 minutes for both adsorbent types. The Elovich
isotherm and the pseudo-second order kinetic models were best-fit for the competitive
adsorption process.

The study was able to successfully reveal that biomass biochar from elephant
grass and hybrid biochar from LDPE can be used as effective adsorbent material for
the removal of heavy metals from aqueous media. This study bears a positive implication
for environmental protection and solid waste management.


Background: Type II DM is a common metabolic disorder with increasing prevalence throughout the world. There is growing evidence indicating the effects of medications for diabetes on bone metabolism and fracture risk. More research is required to know the overall impact of these medications on bone health. Aim: To determine the incidence and prevalence of hip fracture in association with hypoglycemic drugs among Type II DM patients in major trauma care center. Objectives: To evaluate and compare the incidence and prevalence of hip fracture, the effect of hypoglycemic drugs on bone metabolism and fracture risk as well as the future probability of hip fracture risk in diabetes patients taking hypoglycemic drugs. Methodology: A case-control study was conducted with a sample size of 250 patients which included 95 cases and 155 control subjects enrolled for a period of 6 months in a major trauma care center. Subjects were assessed for future hip fracture risk within 10 years using WHO FRAX Score. Odds ratio (OR) were calculated using Fisher's Exact Test and statistical testing was performed at 0.05% level of significance with 95% CI. Results: Type II DM patients taking hypoglycemic drugs were associated with increased risk of hip fracture (odds ratio [OR] =2.97). Incidence (19.2%) and prevalence (60%) of hip fractures was higher in patients taking hypoglycemic drugs than the incidence (14.8%) and prevalence (40%) of those who were not taking the drug. Conclusion: Hip fracture incidence in Type II DM patients taking hypoglycemic drug is higher than the patients who were not taking the drugs. FRAX tool has been proved to be helpful in preventing future incidents.


Spatial designers use sketch perspectives as a design development tool because they can offer a powerful means of representing physical form on a flat surface. However, whilst perspectives can depict the appearance of a building, they do not describe it as a narrative sequence of events and experiences. Storyboards can do this because they enable a scheme to be investigated and represented in a multi-sensory and dynamic way , but students can find them difficult to use effectively. The University of Bedfordshire's innovative 'Brands and Movie-Making' project addresses this by requiring its spatial design undergraduates to make experimental movies, providing a powerful vehicle for the development of storyboard-drawing skills and a firm base for the discipline-specific work-to-come. But its effectiveness is limited because the students appear reluctant to draw by hand, and this will be investigated further.


Background/Aim: Efficient production of adenovirus vectors is crucial for their clinical use. Adenovirus death protein (ADP), which is encoded in the E3 region of the adenovirus genome, is involved in host-cell lysis and the subsequent release of progeny virus; however, the ADP gene is often removed from the adenovirus vector genome. Materials and Methods: We have developed adenovirus vectors that possess the ADP gene and maintain a relatively large insertion capacity for foreign genes by deleting the partial E3 region. Adenovirus vector-mediated transgene expression levels and virus titers were examined. Results: The adenovirus vectors maintaining the ADP gene showed cytopathic effect earlier than conventional adenovirus vector without the ADP gene following treatment of HEK293 cells, although there were no significant differences in total virus titers. Conclusion: The adenovirus vectors possessing the ADP gene showed efficient spread of progeny virus infection following transduction in HEK293 cells.


We give a polynomial-time algorithm for the problem of robustly estimating a mixture of k arbitrary Gaussians in ℝd, for any fixed k, in the presence of a constant fraction of arbitrary corruptions. This resolves the main open problem in several previous works on algorithmic robust statistics, which addressed the special cases of robustly estimating (a) a single Gaussian, (b) a mixture of TV-distance separated Gaussians, and (c) a uniform mixture of two Gaussians. Our main tools are an efficient partial clustering algorithm that relies on the sum-of-squares method, and a novel tensor decomposition algorithm that allows errors in both Frobenius norm and low-rank terms.


The South African unit trust industry was found to display low levels of Active Share compared to international levels. A sample of unit trusts, representing approximately 58.2% of assets under management in the South African general equity fund industry, was selected based on the availability of the information necessary to perform this analysis. The average Active Share demonstrated by the sample of unit trusts has decreased from 60.85% in June 2007 to 55.65% in June 2013. A fund flow analysis confirmed that fund managers' portfolio decisions are highly affected by the risk of outflows and possibility of inflows. Managers faced with a high risk of outflows and low possibility of inflows adjusted their Active Share by approximately double that of managers with a moderate risk of outflows and inflows. A similar result was found when comparing managers experiencing a low risk of outflows and a high possibility of inflows, to managers experiencing a moderate risk of outflows and inflows. Under varying market conditions, unit trusts exhibiting the highest Active Share and tracking error (concentrated stock picker) earned a significantly higher alpha than unit trusts exhibiting the lowest Active Share and tracking error (closet indexer). During the financial crisis and in the subsequent bull market to previous highs, concentrated stock pickers earned a significantly higher alpha than closet indexers. In bull markets breaking through previous highs, concentrated stock pickers earned the lowest alpha. The alpha earned by unit trusts exhibiting the highest level of Active Share was significantly higher than the alpha earned by unit trusts exhibiting the lowest level of Active Share. The benefit of distinguishing between truly active (concentrated stock picker) unit trusts and closet indexer unit trusts is clear.


Repetitive processes are a distinct class of 2-D systems of both practical and algorithmic interest. The paper gives some important new results on the analysis and control of the sub-class known as discrete linear repetitive processes in the presence of a general set of pass initial conditions, which are termed boundary conditions here. These results consist of stability tests which can be implemented by direct application of standard (or 1-D) linear systems tests and the use of control action to decouple the effects of the boundary conditions.


Australia, as an arid continent with Western consumption habits, is particularly susceptible to potable water scarcity. The extended periods of drought experienced by the majority of the nation from 2000-2009 led to the introduction of legislation mandating that all new residential dwellings achieve potable savings targets. Internally plumbed rainwater tanks are the most widely used means of satisfying these requirements. The least transparent variable affecting the viability of these decentralised supply systems is the pump energy and its associated costs. However little research has investigated what these costs are for specific end-use events (e.g. cistern flush). This paper reveals the pump energy intensity for a variety of end-uses under common system configurations. The experimental design consisted of three high resolution water meters and an electricity meter installed in each home collecting data at 5-second intervals before transmitting wirelessly to servers over cellular networks. Once combined with relevant socio-demographic data, water and energy usage was disaggregated into individual end-use events, even when events were occurring simultaneously or when supply was split between sources. Findings determined that for the mandated rain tank enduses, cistern half-flushes are the most energy intense, followed by cistern full-flushes and clothes washer events, while irrigation events are significantly more efficient. Minimisation of pump energy, whilst maintaining potable savings, acts to lower electricity costs and GHG emissions. This information has broader implications in the evaluation and optimisation of internally plumbed rainwater tanks amid the spectrum of alternate urban water supply systems.


We compare the nuclear energy generation rate and abundance levels given by an α-chain nuclear reaction network that contains only seven isotopes with a standard 13 isotope α-chain reaction network. The energy generation rate of these two small networks are also compared to the energy generation rate given by a 489 isotope reaction network with weak reactions turned on and off. The comparison between the seven isotope and α-chain reaction networks indicate the extent to which one can be replaced by the other, and the comparison with the 489 isotope reaction network roughly indicates under what physical conditions it is safe to use the seven isotope and α-chain reaction networks. The seven isotope reaction network reproduces the nuclear energy generation rate of the standard α-chain reaction network to within 30%, but often much better, during hydrostatic and explosive helium, carbon, and oxygen burning. It will also provide energy generation rates within 30% of an α-chain reaction network for silicon burning at densities less than 107 g cm-3. Provided there remains an equal number of protons and neutrons (Ye = 0.5) over the course of the evolution, and that flows through α-particle channels dominate, then both of the small reaction networks return energy generation rates that are compatible with the energy generation rate returned by the 489 reaction network. If Ye is significantly different from 0.5, or if there are substantial flows through neutron and protons channels, then it is not generally safe to employ any α-chain based reaction network. The relative accuracy of the seven isotope reaction network, combined with its reduction in the computational cost, suggest that it is a suitable replacement for α-chain reaction networks for parameter space surveys of a wide class of multidimensional stellar models.


Foamy viruses (FVs), or spumaviruses, are nonpathogenic retroviruses that have been developed as integrating viral vectors. This protocol presents methods for producing high-titer FV vector stocks, free of contaminating replication-competent retrovirus, to be used for transducing hematopoietic stem cells. FV vector stocks are produced by transfecting 293 cells, harvesting and filtering the culture medium, and concentrating vector virions by ultracentrifugation. The resulting stocks are free of replication-competent helper virus, as indicated by a sensitive marker rescue assay. A typical stock made from 23 10-cm dishes has a final volume of 2 mL with a titer of 10(7) to 10(8) transducing units/mL. Potential advantages of FV vectors include a lack of pathogenicity of the wild-type virus, a wide host range, stable virions that can be concentrated by centrifugation, a double-stranded DNA genome that is reverse-transcribed in the vector-producing cells, and the largest packaging capacity of any retrovirus. FV vectors are especially useful for transducing hematopoietic cells. Because hematopoietic stem cells have the ability to self-renew, proliferate, and repopulate the bone marrow after transplantation, efficient transduction of these cells offers the promise to cure many inherited and acquired diseases.


The centuries-old practice of using moving water to do work is now enjoying a resurgence as the world weans itself of fossil fuels. enterprising kids can bring hydropower to their Lego and other playroom constructions by building the hydropower renewable energy Science Kit, by thames & Kosmos.


The Pond Dynamics/Aquaculture Collaborative Research Support Program (PDA/CRSP) is a global research network to generate basic science that may be used to advance aquaculture development. One of a family of research programs funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the CRSP focuses on improving the efficiency of aquaculture systems. The PDA/CRSP began work in 1982 in Thailand, and subsequently in the Philippines, Honduras, the US and, until recently, Rwanda. At all the sites, the goal is the same: to identify constraints to aquaculture production, and to design responses that are environmentally and culturally appropriate. The research network's global experiment has focused on tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), although some sites have devoted attention to marine shrimp and other locally significant species. Impact of the network's investigations with tilapia is examined in this article.


The invention relates to an antibacterial composition for oral use effective against dental plaque and tartar. The composition contains an anticalculus agent of the polyphosphate type, such as a pyrophosphate, tetra (alkali metal), and an antibacterial antiplaque agent compatible therewith. The antiplaque agent is a noncationic antibacterial agent substantially insoluble in water, such as 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy (diphenyl ether) (Triclosan). The efficacy against dental plaque is optimized by the presence of an antibacterial-stimulating agent, such as an anionic polymer which enhances the delivery and retention of said antibacterial agent to the surfaces of the oral cavity.


Topological methods have recently been developed for the analysis of dissipative dynamical systems that operate in the chaotic regime. They were originally developed for three-dimensional dissipative dynamical systems, but they are applicable to all ''low-dimensional'' dynamical systems. These are systems for which the flow rapidly relaxes to a three-dimensional subspace of phase space. Equivalently, the associated attractor has Lyapunov dimension d L,3. Topological methods supplement methods previously developed to determine the values of metric and dynamical invariants. However, topological methods possess three additional features: they describe how to model the dynamics; they allow validation of the models so developed; and the topological invariants are robust under changes in control-parameter values. The topological-analysis procedure depends on identifying the stretching and squeezing mechanisms that act to create a strange attractor and organize all the unstable periodic orbits in this attractor in a unique way. The stretching and squeezing mechanisms are represented by a caricature, a branched manifold, which is also called a template or a knot holder. This turns out to be a version of the dynamical system in the limit of infinite dissipation. This topological structure is identified by a set of integer invariants. One of the truly remarkable results of the topological-analysis procedure is that these integer invariants can be extracted from a chaotic time series. Furthermore, self-consistency checks can be used to confirm the integer values. These integers can be used to determine whether or not two dynamical systems are equivalent; in particular, they can determine whether a model developed from time-series data is an accurate representation of a physical system. Conversely, these integers can be used to provide a model for the dynamical mechanisms that generate chaotic data. In fact, the author has constructed a doubly discrete classification of strange attractors. The underlying branched manifold provides one discrete classification. Each branched manifold has an ''unfolding'' or perturbation in which some subset of orbits is removed. The remaining orbits are determined by a basis set of orbits that forces the presence of all remaining orbits. Branched manifolds and basis sets of orbits provide this doubly discrete classification of strange attractors. In this review the author describes the steps that have been developed to implement the topological-analysis procedure. In addition, the author illustrates how to apply this procedure by carrying out the analysis of several experimental data sets. The results obtained for several other experimental time series that exhibit chaotic behavior are also described. [S0034-6861(98)00304-3]


The use of wireless sensor networks for target tracking is an active area of research. Imaging sensors that obtain video-rate images of a scene can have a significant impact in such networks, as they can measure vital information on the identity, position, and velocity of moving targets. Since wireless networks must operate under stringent energy constraints, it is important to identify the optimal set of imagers to be used in a tracking scenario such that the network lifetime is maximized. We formulate this problem as one of maximizing the information utility gained from a set of sensors subject to a constraint on the average energy consumption in the network. We use an unscented Kalman filter framework to solve the tracking and data fusion problem with multiple imaging sensors in a computationally efficient manner, and use a lookahead algorithm to optimize the sensor selection based on the predicted trajectory of the target. Simulation results show the effectiveness of this method of sensor selection.


Contextual embedding models such as BERT can be easily fine-tuned on labeled samples to create a state-of-the-art model for many downstream tasks. However, the fine-tuned BERT model suffers considerably from unlabeled data when applied to a different domain. In unsupervised domain adaptation, we aim to train a model that works well on a target domain when provided with labeled source samples and unlabeled target samples. In this paper, we propose a pseudo-label guided method for unsupervised domain adaptation. Two models are fine-tuned on labeled source samples as pseudo labeling models. To learn representations for the target domain, one of those models is adapted by masked language modeling from the target domain. Then those models are used to assign pseudo-labels to target samples. We train the final model with those samples. We evaluate our method on named entity segmentation and sentiment analysis tasks. These experiments show that our approach outperforms baseline methods.


BACKGROUND
The prognosis of Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms is relatively favorable, but the quality of life can be severely affected by myeloproliferative neoplasm-related symptoms such as fatigue, pruritus, night sweats, bone pain, fever and weight loss. In this study, we administered hochuekkito, a traditional herbal medicine, to patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms and investigated whether there was a reduction in myeloproliferative neoplasm-related symptoms.

METHODS
We conducted a randomized parallel-group pilot study. Patients were assigned to a hochuekkito administration or non-hochuekkito administration group. Myeloproliferative neoplasm-related symptoms based on Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Symptom Assessment Form total symptom score and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 were examined before hochuekkito administration and 4 and 8 weeks after administration.

RESULTS
Among the 42 patients included in the analysis, 21 were assigned to the hochuekkito group and 21 were assigned to the control group. After administering hochuekkito, the median values of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Symptom Assessment Form total symptom score at 4 and 8 weeks in the hochuekkito group demonstrated a decreasing trend; however, the difference between the two groups was not significant.

CONCLUSIONS
In this study, we were unable to demonstrate significant differences between the hochuekkito and control groups in terms of the efficacy of hochuekkito in treating myeloproliferative neoplasm-related symptoms. However, there were cases that presented prominent improvement in symptoms in the hochuekkito group. The only reported adverse event was grade 1 impaired hepatic function. Therefore, hochuekkito might be a therapeutic option for patients with severely affected quality of life due to myeloproliferative neoplasm-related symptoms.