The life-history of hydroids from a mixed population of Tubularia indivisa and 'T. ceratogyne', from an intertidal site at Felixstowe, Suffolk, has been studied. Tubularia breed throughout the year, but recruitment is greatest in spring with a smaller peak in late summer. The spring-recruited hydroids are the progeny of T. indivisa, but during the summer they mature as 'T. ceratogyne' and breed to produce the T. indivisa that dominate the population in spring. It is concluded, on this evidence, that 'T. ceratogyne' is a form of T. indivisa. In this population T. indivisa suffers from predation by the nudibranch Dendronotus frondosus, and their mortality rate varies from 2% per month in winter to 70% per month in summer. The life-span of T. indivisa is approximately one year, but their mean post-larval life expectancy varies from 30 days (spring recruitment) to 160 days (autumn recruitment). There is no evidence that autotomy of the hydranth is an integral part of the life of T. indivisa.


: Behavioral and morphobiochemical adaptations of Littorina punctata to dwelling under supralittoral condi- tions are analyzed. A quantitative estimation of the hemoglobin content in the radular tissues of the mollusk is given.


Pornography is a substantial part of humans' everyday interaction with computers, yet to date the topic has been underconsidered by HCI. Here, we examine some of the common cultural ideals non-experts constructed of a "new" pornographic experience - Virtual Reality (VR) Porn - through use of the "Story Completion Method". Forty five participants completed a story stem about a male character who was about to have his "very first virtual reality porn experience". Through our analysis, we demonstrate a narrative of a "perfect", idealised sexual experience, as well as one which emphasised the imagined "precarious" and dangerous consequences around this technology use. We indicate how the stories reproduced ideals around heteronormativity and hegemonic masculinity, suggesting an agenda of "Designing for Eroticism" as a tactic which could avoid such problematic discourses. We also suggest the opportunities and challenges presented through use of the "Story Completion Method".


The modification of apolar carbon materials by heteroatom doping is an effective method that can effectively improve the surface polarity of carbon materials. In the main body of the lithium–sulfur battery cathode, the structural properties of the carbon material itself with porous structure and large specific surface area provide sufficient space for sulfur accommodation and mitigate the bulk effect of the sulfur cathode (79%). The polarized surface of the reconstructed carbon material possesses strong adsorption effect on LiPs, which mitigates the notorious "shuttle effect." In this paper, the surface structure of the Ketjen black cathode body was reconstructed by B and N double heteroatoms to polarize it. The modified polarized Ketjen black improves the adsorption and anchoring ability of LiPs during the reaction and accelerates their kinetic conversion, while its own uniformly distributed small mesopores and oversized BET structural properties are beneficial to mitigate the bulk effect of sulfur cathodes. Lithium–sulfur batteries using B and N modified cathodes have an initial discharge capacity of 1344.49 mAh/g at 0.1 C and excellent cycling stability at 0.5 C (381.4 mAh/g after 100 cycles).


Targeted therapies are one of the latest innovative trends in cancer therapy. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a target found in high concentrations in several solid tumors including lung, breast, colorectal, and brain. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as gefitinib (IressaTM, ZD1839), block the EGFR. As a result, there is inhibition of cellular proliferation, promotion of apoptosis, and inhibition of anti-angiogenesis. Gefitinib has demonstrated significant efficacy in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), leading to FDA approval for treatment of this refractory disease. Phase 2 trials with gefitinib for platinum refractory NSCLC reported disease response and symptom improvement. Early results of phase 2 studies of gefitinib, combined with standard chemotherapy in colorectal cancer, showed a 75% response rate compared with 55% with standard therapy alone. Gefitinib, combined with flutamide, produced an additive growth inhibition in prostate cancer. A phase 2 trial of gefitinib in first-relapse glioblastoma multiforme demonstrated median overall survival from treatment start of 39.4 weeks compared with 40 weeks with standard chemotherapy. Gefitinib is an oral agent with a mild toxicity profile, and thus, may be an optimal addition to chemotherapeutic regimens for some solid tumors. Gefitinib is potentially a vital and useful weapon in the arsenal of cancer therapies.


With the explosive growth of the World Wide Web, browsers especially Netscape and Microsoft Internet Explorer have found their users increasing exponentially. Thus minor problems in these browsers affect millions of individuals. The stack based navigation structure of these browsers is one such example. We present the Unified navigation Architecture for Hypertext Applications (UNAHA), which not only solves the basic issue of web navigation but also attempts to be more user-friendly and fully integrated with the browser, effectively becoming a part of it.


When memory devices are exposed to space environments, they suffer various effects such as SEU(Single Event Upset). Memory systems for space applications are generally equipped with error detection and correction(EDAC) logics against SEUs. In this paper, several error detection and correction codes - RS(10,8) code, (7,4) Hamming code and (16,8) code - are analyzed and compared with each other. Each code is implemented using VHDL and its performances(encoding/decoding speed, required memory size) are compared. Also the failure probability equation of each EDAC code is derived, and the probability value is analyzed for various occurrence rates of SEUs which the STSAT-3 possibly suffers. Finally, the EDAC algorithm for STSAT-3 is determined based on the comparison results.


Haemostasis has been studied by several authors during exposure to altitude hypoxia. On acute induction to hypoxia, platelet count, platelet aggregability and bleeding time are normal; an increase of thromboxane released from platelets and of prostacyclin, released from endothelial cells is observed; coagulation factors are unchanged except of F. VIII which is increased; modified antithrombin III (ATm) are normal; fibrinopeptide A is increased in subjects with pulmonary edema and fibrinolytic activity after venous occlusion is normal. In chronic hypoxia, during a stay at 6542 m (Mt. Sajama), we found in 7 subjects an important increase in D. Dimer (p < 0.001) that seems to correspond to an activation of coagulation and a decrease of F. VIII R. Cof/F. VIII R. Ag ratio which suggests an endothelial cell damage.


A new species of marine epiplanktonic copepod of the genus Labidocera Lubbock, 1853 (Calanoida, Pontellidae), Labidocera kuwaitiana sp. nov., is described from the coastal waters of the Arabian Gulf [=Persian Gulf] near Kuwait. The species belongs to the 'darwinii' species group because it has an endopod on the left fifth leg of the male, but differs distinctly from other members of the group in having a dorsal process on the genital double-somite in the female and a greatly elongated, toothed process on segments XXI-XXIII at the prehensile antennule in the male. The new species is closely related to L. acutifrons (Dana, 1849), but may be distinguished from L. acutifrons by details of the urosome and fifth leg in the female and details of the fifth leg and prehensile antennule in the male. The size of the eye lenses in Labidocera kuwaitiana sp. nov. males is shortly discussed. A key to the species of the 'darwinii' group is presented.


Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. We have made large strides over the past few decades in management, but definitive therapeutic options to address this health-care burden are still limited. Given the ever-increasing need, much effort has been spent creating engineered tissue to replaced diseased tissue. This article gives a general overview of this work as it pertains to the development of great vessels, myocardium, and heart valves. In each area, we focus on currently studied methods, limitations, and areas for future study.


This paper proposes a framework for the analysis of bounded tone patterns, where tone shifts or spreads across a small distance. The framework starts from the idea that foot structure drives such tone processes, with foot edges acting as targets for tone association. To account for trisyllabic patterns, a theory of layered foot representation is adopted (Kager 2012, Martinez-Paricio 2013). In addition, to account for the opacity of foot-driven tone shift, the analysis is cast in Harmonic Serialism (Prince & Smolensky 1993, McCarthy 2000). Lastly, the paper presents a set of licensing and structural markedness constraints to derive the desired patterns. The approach is successfully applied to the default tone pattern of tbe Saghala noun phrase (Patin 2009), which shows a combination of shifting and spreading over a trisyllabic domain.


The influence of proportions of bleached birch, eucalyptus, beech kraft pulps as well as the bleached aspen chemi-thermomechanical pulp (BCTMP) in the mixture with bleached pine kraft pulp on tissue paper properties was compared. Increase of bleached beech kraft pulp and aspen BCTMP proportion in a mixture with bleached pine kraft pulp leads to significant rise of porosity ε as well as bulk. The water absorption after immersion increased significantly with increase of aspen BCTMP content in the mixture while other hardwood pulps in the mixture had only moderate impact. Increasing of bleached beech and eucalyptus kraft pulps content in the mixture continually increased initial water absorption. As a result of blending of bleached birch kraft pulp with bleached pine kraft pulp, bulk softness improved and the tensile index increased slightly. The increased content of bleached birch and beech kraft pulp in the mixture increased the brightness while the addition of aspen BCTMP and bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp increased of coordinate b* value. Mixed pulps with properties suitable for different types of hygienic products were selected.


A gene for autosomal dominant, juvenile-onset, primary open angle glaucoma (GLCIA) has been previously mapped to 1q21-31 in several Caucasian pedigrees. We studied two Hispanic families with this disease to determine if their disease genes also map to this region. Individuals were considered as being affected if they had 1OP > 30 mmHg (without treatment) and glaucomatous optic nerve damage or visual field defects. Persons older than 40 years with intraocular pressures < or = 21 mmHg and no evidence of optic nerve damage or visual field loss were scored as unaffected. Individuals not falling into these two categories were considered unknown. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples and subjected to PCR-based microsatellite marker analysis. Computer-based linkage analysis was used to determine if the disease gene mapped to chromosome 1q2I-31. In the family from the Canary Islands, the disease gene was linked to the chromosome 1q2I-31 region previously identified by other researchers. Markers D1S212 and D1S218 produced maximum lod scores of 3.38 and 2.99, respectively. In the family from the Balearic Islands, the disease gene was excluded from this region by genetic linkage analysis. Haplotype analysis also excluded the disease gene from chromosome 1q21-31. Our Hispanic families showed genetic heterogeneity with respect to autosomal dominant, juvenile-onset, primary open angle glaucoma.


Percutaneous interventions via minimally invasive surgical systems can provide patients with better outcomes and faster recovery times than open surgeries. Accurate needle insertions are vital for successful procedures, and actively steered needles can increase system precision. Here, we describe how biology inspired the design of a novel Programmable Bevel-Tip Needle (PBN), mimicking the mechanics and control methods of certain insects ovipositors. Following an overview of our unique research and development journey, this paper explores our latest, biomimetic control of PBNs and its application to neurosurgery, which we validate within a simulated environment. Three modalities are presented, namely a Direct Push Controller, a Cyclic Actuation Controller, and a newly developed Hybrid Controller, which have been integrated into a surgical visual interface. The results of open loop, expert human-in-the-loop and a non-expert user study show that the Hybrid Controller is the best choice when considering system performance and the ability to lesson strain on the surrounding tissue which we hypothesis will result in less damage along the insertion tract. Over representative trajectories for neurosurgery using a Hybrid Controller, an expert user could reach a target along a 3D path with an accuracy of 0.70±0.69 mm, and non-expert users 0.97±0.72 mm, both clinically viable results and equivalent or better than the state-of-the-art actively steered needles over 3D paths. This paper showcases a successful example of a biologically inspired, actively steered needle, which has been integrated within a clinical interface and designed for seamless integration into the neurosurgical workflow.


The source of enzymes' unusual catalytic power is still a controversial problem. Experimental documentation of enzymatic ability to use their natural dynamic motions in catalytic processes did not end the dispute on the origin of the energy necessary for catalytic work. Thus, it seems that resolution of this problem will only follow given an increase in computer power, such that ab initio simulations of the entire, large protein or ribonucleic acid molecule, engaged in a catalytic process, will be possible.


This paper deals with the excavation of 19500 m2 area in granitic hard rock to a depth of 10 m by controlled blasting to accommodate foundation for 75 m tall, 16 floor commercial building in the city of Bengaluru, India. The major task was to excavate granitic hard rock close to constructed residential structures (10 m) and under construction (60 m). To start with, trail blasts were carried out at a distance of 50 m from the existing residential structures. In order to restrict the maximum charge per delay and the air overpressure from trunk lines, blasts were initiated with shock tubes. In the blasting zone, excavation was carried out in five different locations at varying distances from the structures. Controlled blasting in urban areas does not end with controlling the flyrock, vibrations or air overpressure levels within the permissible limits, but the most contributing factor happens to be the human perception. The human response with regard to vibrations and the structural response too was studied. Blast designs were altered site specifically and in addition to that continuous monitoring of ground vibration was under taken to ascertain that the intensities were within the limits. Sufficient number of rubber blasting mats of 1.1t each were used for muffling the blasting area and the flyrock was restricted within 10 m from the blasting area. It was observed that the rubber mats were not only effective in controlling the flyrock but they have reduced the air overpressure levels too considerably. In total around 80000 m3 of hard rock was successfully excavated without any grievances as the vibrations were limited to below the perception level of the residents rather than the transmissible level of the structures from the neighbours/residents. Keywords—Controlled blasting; blast vibration; structure


The unambiguous estimation of high-order binary offset carrier signals in harsh propagation conditions is still an open problem in the literature. This paper proposes to overcome the limitations observed in state-of-the-art unambiguous estimation techniques based on the application of existing direct positioning techniques and the exploitation of the spatial diversity introduced by arrays of antennas. In particular, the ambiguity problem is solved as a multiple-input multiple-output estimation problem in the position domain.


Flooding is a well-known impact, which cause nowadays several problems ranging from economic loses to productivity reduction and deaths. Moreover, IPCC´s (2014) projections foresee coastal flooding as one of the main global impacts. Having this context, specific governance models are required to adapt and enhance resilience of the affected territory.
In this regard, adaptation pathway emerges as an innovative and flexible approach which foster an iterative and adaptive governance and address the climate uncertainty challenge. This approach has been addressed in different case studies previously, which represent different contexts: heat, flood and water supply pathways in London; heat adaptation pathway in Antwerp; or flood adaptation pathways in Thames Estuary, Rhine-Meuse delta, Lake IJssel and New York. Looking to these studies it can be concluded that the adaptation pathway is a good approach to be applied at city or sector level and for analyzing different impacts. But, the same studies also detected the needs for further research: in the assumptions made for the acceptable threshold detection (which served for the adaptation objectives definition); or the estimation of the effectiveness and co-benefits as well as implementation conditions and timeline of the measures which enhance the resilience.
The present work investigates the adaptation pathway potential within 3 main objectives: i) explore how the methodology can be simplified (balancing qualitative versus quantitative information); ii) explore the way of sequencing of the adaptation measures into the pathway (additional criteria like life-time, implementation time, costs, etc.); iii) explore the visualization on the pathway. To go through the identified objectives the pathway approach is applied in the city of Bilbao for the flood effect on transport system. As results a selection of the best alternative options for climate flooding risk management are presented and the lessons learned and challenges of this approach for further development are described.


To cope with the growing requirements of data intensive scientific experiments, models and simulations the Large Scale Data Facility (LSDF) at KIT aims to support many scientific disciplines. The LSDF is a distributed storage facility at Exabyte scale providing storage, archives, data bases and meta data repositories. Apart from data storage many scientific communities need to perform data processing operations as well. For this purpose the LSDF Execution Framework for Data Intensive Applications (LAMBDA) was developed to allow asynchronous high-performance data processing next to the LSDF. However, it is not restricted to the LSDF or any special feature only available at the LSDF. The main goal of LAMBDA is to simplify large scale data processing for scientific users by reducing complexity, responsibility and error-proneness. The description of an execution is realized as part of LAMBDA administration in the background via meta data that can be obtained from arbitrary sources. Thus, the scientific user has only to select which applications he wants to apply to his data.


Purpose

Designing for the future sustainability and adaptability of building assets contributes to waste and emission reduction. Moreover, sustainable design and conservation principles are necessary for achieving sustainable and adaptable built heritage. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the improved adaptSTAR model in regards to maximising the future adaptive reuse and sustainability of existing built heritage and its surroundings.

Design/methodology/approach

A comparative study of two iconic nineteenth century heritage assets in Australia and Hong Kong is undertaken to highlight the need to forecast the future adaptation of heritage buildings in order to guarantee their continuous reuse and sustainability in an urban context.

Findings

Findings show that the functional, technological and legal attributes of these two nineteenth century heritage buildings require improvement so as to ensure their future adaptivity. The upgrading of heritage buildings for environmental sustainability is also deemed necessary.

Originality/value

The originality of this paper pertains to the advancement of the adaptSTAR tool in evaluating the future adaptivity of existing built heritage as well as new built environments whilst considering their economic, environmental and social values.


The crystal structure of [C(NH2)3]4H2Mo5P2O23.H2O was determined from X-ray single-crystal data. Anisotropic refinement in the space group P2(1)/c resulted in R = 0.043, using 7011 unique reflections. Cell parameters are a = 14.608(2), b = 13.054(2), c = 15.887(2) angstrom and beta = 92.47(1)-degrees. The structure contains H2Mo5P2O23(4-) anions, C(NH2)3+ cations and water molecules. The links between these units are mainly due to hydrogen bonds. The anions are arranged in layers almost parallel to (100).


The population of Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) is largely derived from settlers who migrated primarily from England and Ireland in the 1700-1800s. Previously described as an isolated founder population, based on historical and demographic studies, data on the genetic ancestry of this population remains fragmentary. Here we describe the largest investigation of patrilineal ancestry in NL. To determine the paternal genetic structure of the population, 1,110 Y chromosomes from an NL based cohort were analyzed using 5,761 Y-specific markers. We identified 160 distinct paternal haplotypes, the majority of which (71.4%) belong to the R1b haplogroup. When NL is compared with global reference populations, the haplotype composition and frequencies of the NL paternal lineages primarily resemble the English and Irish ancestral source populations. There is also evidence for genetic contributions from Basque, French, Portuguese, and Spanish fishermen and early settlers that frequented NL. The population structure shows geographical and religious clustering that can be associated with the settlement of ancestral source populations from England and Ireland. For example, the R1b-M222 haplotype, seen in people of Irish descent, is found clustered in the Irish-settled Southeast region of NL. The clustering and expansion of Y haplotypes in conjunction with the geographical and religious clusters illustrate that limited subsequent in-migration, geographic isolation and societal factors have contributed to the genetic substructure of the NL population and its designation as a founder population.


This paper describes a systematic and accurate method for the calculation of the harmonic content of the six-pulse bridge rectifier with input filter. Both the converter output ripple and input distortion are included in the calculations. The accuracy of the results is verified by experiment. It is shown that, under certain conditions, the output ripple can be neglected leading to derivation of simple and explicit formulas for the converter harmonics. Based on the approximate formulas thus developed, major effects of input filter on the converter characteristics are discussed and graphically shown. It is found that the control range and the firing angle need to be redefined compatible with the characteristics of the rectifier in the presence of the input filter. In addition, the maximum active power delivered to the load is determined by the filter rather than the load.


Glaciotectonic deformation structures are useful directional indicators of ice movement but are rarely reported by North American authors. Being three-dimensional, they are commonly conspicuous in cleaned sections. Measuring just a few of them can provide accurate ice-movement directions at a site, and they assist in deciphering the interaction of past glaciers and their substrata. This paper concentrates on structures (generally less than 10 m long) in unconsolidated sediments that were induced by overriding glacial ice. Examples and interpretations of various types of structures are presented in four new Canadian case studies from British Columbia and southern Ontario that illustrate different deformational circumstances in sediments of various ages.


A novel feature extraction method based on finite Radon transform (FRAT), soft threshold (ST), and two dimensional maximum margin criterion (2DMMC) was proposed. The framework of the proposed method consists of three steps: First, each face image was projected into FRAT domain by FRAT; then ST was used to select main FRAT coefficients; finally, 2DMMC was used to extract features for face classification from the main FRAT coefficients. The experimental results on Yale and ORL face databases show that the proposed method is feasible and efficient.


Abstract This paper deals with the application of ecological proposals within the land consolidation project process in Slovakia. Ecological proposals form part of the Local Territorial System of the Ecological Stability project, which is a compulsory material for developing land consolidation projects. The Local Territorial System of Ecological Stability for the cadastral unit of Kocurany village was worked out in 2013. Within the area, 31 localities were selected for the implementation of ecological proposals with a total area of 154.34 ha, namely 3 biocorridors, 2 biocentres, 9 interacting elements, 8 ecostabilising elements and 9 localities with the need of anti-erosion soil cultivation, or delimitation to permanent grasslands. The main task was to analyse the rate of acceptance of the proposed measures. It was found that only 20 localities with a total area of 119.37 ha were accepted into the land consolidation project. In order to improve all the landscape functions, the integration of quality ecological proposals from the Territorial System of Ecological Stability into the land consolidation projects is necessary.


Radioactive iodine (RAI)-induced thyrocyte destruction may lead to uncontrolled inflammation. This study was designed to evaluate the prophylactic and therapeutic immunomodulatory effects of omega-3 fatty acids in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer scheduled for RAI ablation. A total of 85 patients were divided into two groups based on radioiodine dosage after thyroidectomy: high-dose with 150 mCi and intermediate-dose with 100 mCi. Then patients in each group were randomly divided into three subgroups: G1 with RAI ablation only, G2 treated with omega-3 for 30 days before RAI ablation, and G3 treated with omega-3 for 30 days after RAI ablation. Serum cytokine levels were determined with the cytometric bead assay at different time points. Within-group comparisons showed transient elevation of IL-13 after pretreatment with omega-3, significant reductions in Th1+Th17/Th2+Th22 ratio after high-dose RAI ablation, and decreased Th1+Th17/Th2+Th22 and Th1+Th17/Th2+Th9+Th22 ratios after intermediate-dose RAI ablation in G2. Between-group comparisons showed that IL-10 level in G3 was significantly higher than in G1 1 week after high-dose RAI ablation, whereas Th1+Th17/Th2+Th22 and Th1+Th17/Th2+Th9+Th22 ratios were significantly lower in G3 than G2 1 month after intermediate-dose RAI ablation. However, cytokine changes 1 week and 1 month after RAI ablation when adjusted for baseline values showed no differences among groups. Despite observing within-group changes in some cytokines, we found no real changes attributable to a prophylactic or therapeutic anti-inflammatory effect of omega-3. Because of the specific effect of radioactive iodine on thyroid cells, extensive systemic inflammation may not be induced after RAI ablation.


Background/Aims To assess the safety and efficacy of argon laser photocoagulation as a new modality for the treatment of presumed trematode-induced granulomatous anterior uveitis (PTGAU) in children. Methods Forty-eight eyes of 48 children with PTGAU with pearl-like nodule(s) in the anterior chamber were included in this prospective non-randomised controlled clinical trial. The patients were divided into two groups: those in Group A (23 eyes) were treated with one session of argon laser applied to the anterior chamber nodules and those in Group B (25 eyes) received medical treatment in the form of topical steroid and cycloplegic eye drops with trans-septal triamcinolone injections. All cases were followed up for 3 months with measurement of visual acuity (VA), assessment of the anterior chamber reaction and measurement of the pearl-like nodule size. Results In Group A, 22 eyes (95.65%) showed regression of the pearl-like nodules with resolution of the anterior chamber reaction (flare and cells) and improvement in visual acuity from 0.52±0.12 to 0.06±0.08 logMAR (p<0.001). Such improvement was maintained within the 3-month follow-up period. In Group B, 23 eyes (92%) showed initial regression of the granulomas, which was maintained in only 14 eyes (56%),with nine eyes experiencing recurrence after 3 months of follow-up. Conclusion Argon laser photocoagulation is a safe and effective novel treatment for PTGAU with pearl-like nodules in the anterior chamber in children. Larger studies with longer follow-up periods are needed to confirm these results.


We continue developing the theory around the twin-width of totally ordered binary structures, initiated in the previous paper of the series. We first introduce the notion of parity and linear minors of a matrix, which consists of iteratively replacing consecutive rows or consecutive columns with a linear combination of them. We show that a matrix class has bounded twin-width if and only if its linear-minor closure does not contain all matrices. We observe that the fixed-parameter tractable algorithm for first-order model checking on structures given with an $O(1)$-sequence (certificate of bounded twin-width) and the fact that first-order transductions of bounded twin-width classes have bounded twin-width, both established in Twin-width I, extend to first-order logic with modular counting quantifiers. We make explicit a win-win argument obtained as a by-product of Twin-width IV, and somewhat similar to bidimensionality, that we call rank-bidimensionality. Armed with the above-mentioned extension to modular counting, we show that the twin-width of the product of two conformal matrices $A, B$ over a finite field is bounded by a function of the twin-width of $A$, of $B$, and of the size of the field. Furthermore, if $A$ and $B$ are $n \times n$ matrices of twin-width $d$ over $\mathbb F_q$, we show that $AB$ can be computed in time $O_{d,q}(n^2 \log n)$. We finally present an ad hoc algorithm to efficiently multiply two matrices of bounded twin-width, with a single-exponential dependence in the twin-width bound: If the inputs are given in a compact tree-like form, called twin-decomposition (of width $d$), then two $n \times n$ matrices $A, B$ over $\mathbb F_2$, a twin-decomposition of $AB$ with width $2^{d+o(d)}$ can be computed in time $4^{d+o(d)}n$ (resp. $4^{d+o(d)}n^{1+\varepsilon}$), and entries queried in doubly-logarithmic (resp. constant) time.


In this paper, the author aims to show a possible understanding of very primitive identifications, especially intrusive identifications, when associated with traumatic situations and expressed through current phantasies related to these experiences. At first glance, this understanding could be considered quite straightforward. However, the original contribution offered by the author is the participation of this special kind of combination in the formation of the primitive intrusive identifications and its association with the imprisonment inside the primitive object of identification, especially the mother. The author proposes the amplification of the clinical use of the concept of 'life in the claustrum', originally described by Meltzer, moving beyond persecutory claustrophobic situations. He illustrates the phenomenon with the analytic work carried out with a patient whose narcissistic and intrusive character was structured on the basis of primitive intrusive identifications and phantasies related to the claustrum inside the mother. The patient's imprisonment inside the maternal compartments has, as its background, the phantasies related to the infantile traumatic experience of the death of the patient's brother, which are reproduced in the analytic relationship.


GENES AND HEARING LOSS Many cases of unexplained deafness have a genetic origin, even when there is no family history. Until recently, genetic testing has been unrewarding, as so few come up with a positive result. Shearer et al (J Med Genet 2013;50:627–34) from Iowa describe their work using recently developed genetic techniques to improve the yield greatly. They recruited 100 patients with non-syndromic hearing loss that clearly did not have an environmental cause, irrespective of family history or previous investigation. Their DNA was then examined using targeted genomic enrichment (TGE) and massive parallel sequencing (MPS) techniques, and the findings analysed using sophisticated bioinformatics. A large and heterogeneous panel of variants were identified that appeared to be associated with hearing loss. They found a positive genetic diagnosis in 46% overall, with higher detection rates in those with symmetric hearing loss and with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. 'Next generation' sequencing technology (which is the same as MPS) is becoming increasingly available. Sequencing whole exomes or whole genomes is still a research tool in the UK, but targeting specific genes (TGE) is now becoming more generally used. Thus genetic screening for newly diagnosed childhood hearing loss should become more worthwhile in the future, and will help with genetic counselling for parents of newborns identified by routine neonatal hearing tests.


One of the critical technological problems identified for Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is biofouling of the heat exchanger. The OTEC heat exchanger operates on a low temperature differential, and overall heat transfer is quite sensitive to the thermal resistivity resulting from seawater-side biofouling. A biofouling control system(s) will be an integral part of the OTEC plant, and efforts to identify appropriate biofouling countermeasures have begun. A number of methods for controlling biofouling are known, but data to evaluate the adequacy of these countermeasures for this application are not available. This paper deals with the effect of biofouling on OTEC plant efficiency. A brief review of some of the candidate biofouling control systems, as well as factors considered in evaluating their suitability for OTEC is presented. Areas of research that must now be addressed are identified.


This paper presents two genetic algorithm (GA) based hybrid approaches for the prediction of tumor outcomes based on gene expression data. One approach is the hybrid GA and K-medoids for grouping genes based on the commonly used distance similarity. The goal of grouping genes here is to choose some top-ranked representatives from each cluster for gene dimensionality reduction. The second proposed approach is the hybrid GA and Support Vector Machines (SVM) for selecting marker genes and classifying tumor types or predicting treatment outcomes. These two hybrid approaches have been applied to public brain cancer datasets, and the experimental results are compared with those given in a 2001 paper published in the Nature. The final prediction accuracies are found to be superior both for tumor class prediction and treatment outcome prediction.


Our main task of this lecture is to show a polynomial time algorithm which approximately solves the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP) within a factor of 2 for lattices of dimension n. It may seem that such an algorithm with exponential error bound is either obvious or useless. However, the algorithm of Lenstra, Lenstra and Lovász (LLL) is widely regarded as one of the most beautiful algorithms and is strong enough to give some extremely striking results in both theory and practice. Recall that given a basis b1, . . . , bn for a vector space (no lattices here yet), we can use the Gram-Schmidt process to construct an orthogonal basis b1 ∗, . . . , b∗ n such that b ∗ 1 = b1 and b∗ k = bk − [projection of bk onto span(b1, . . . , bk−1)] for all 2 ≤ k ≤ n (note that we do not normalize b∗ k). In particular, we have that for all k:


The Silver Tip structure in the northern Absaroka volcanic field in Montana consists of a core of Precambrian metamorphic rocks that was differentially uplifted more than 2,500 m during Eocene time. Dikes and sills of rhyodacitic porphyry surround the Precambrian core, which has a diameter of about 4.5 km. A gravity survey along an 11 km traverse in a north-south direction across the structure shows a negative gravity anomaly of over 6 mgal. There is a density difference of 0.2 g/cc between the Precambrian rocks (2.72 g/cc) and the intrusive rhyodacite (2.51 g/cc). Ring fracturing coupled with forceful intrusion of a viscous magma is considered to be the main mechanism for the vertical displacement of the Precambrian core.


The Affordable Care Act of 2010 creates both opportunities and risks for safety-net providers in caring for low-income, diverse patients. New funding for health centers; support for coordinated, patient-centered care; and expansion of the primary care workforce are some of the opportunities that potentially strengthen the safety net. However, declining payments to safety-net hospitals, existing financial hardships, and shifts in the health care marketplace may intensify competition, thwart the ability to innovate, and endanger the financial viability of safety-net providers. Support of state and local governments, as well as philanthropies, will be crucial to helping safety-net providers transition to the new health care environment and to preventing the unintended erosion of the safety net for racially and ethnically diverse populations.


In this paper, we look at two important failure classes in the storage stack: system crashes, where the whole system shuts down unexpectedly, and process crashes, where a part of the storage stack software fails due to an implementation bug. We investigate these two problems in the context of the Loris storage stack. We show how restoring metadata consistency can provide a common first step for recovery from both types of crashes. In addition, we present fine-grained and corruption-resistant data resynchronization as the second step for system crash recovery, and an in-memory roll-forward log that can provide strong guarantees as the second step for process crash recovery in a microkernel setting. We implement our findings in our Loris prototype, and implement a new crash-resistant on-device layout as part of our proof of concept. The evaluation shows that our approach provides increased reliability at a reasonable performance cost.


The Canadian Wildlife Service (CWS) requires reliable estimates of the harvest of migratory game birds, including waterfowl, to effectively manage populations of these hunted species. The National Harvest Survey is an annual survey of hunters who purchase Canada's mandatory migratory game bird hunting permit, integrating information from a survey of hunting activity with information from a separate survey of species composition in the harvest. We use these survey data to estimate the number of birds harvested for each species, as well as hunting activity metrics such as the number of active hunters and days spent hunting. The analytical methods used to generate these estimates have not changed since the survey was first designed in the early 1970s. Here we describe a new hierarchical Bayesian integrated model, which replaces the series of ratio estimators that comprised the old model. We are now using this new model to generate estimates for migratory bird harvests as of the 2019-2020 hunting season, and to generate updated estimates for all earlier years. The hierarchical Bayesian model uses over-dispersed Poisson distributions to model mean hunter activity and harvest (zero inflated Poisson and zero truncated Poisson, respectively). It also includes multinomial distributions to model some key components including, variation in total harvest across periods of the hunting season, the species composition of the harvest within each of those periods, and the age and sex composition in the harvests of a given species. We estimated the parameters of the Poisson and the multinomial distributions for each year as random effects using first-difference time-series. This time-series component allows the model to share information across years and reduces the sensitivity of the estimates to annual sampling noise. The new model estimates are generally very similar to those from the old model, particularly for the species that occur most commonly in the harvest, and so the results do not suggest any major changes to harvest management decisions and regulations. However, estimates for all species from the new model are more precise and less susceptible to annual sampling error, particularly for species that occur less commonly in the harvest (e.g., sea ducks and other species of conservation concern). This new model, with its hierarchical Bayesian framework, will also facilitate future improvements and elaborations, allowing the incorporation of prior information from the rich literature and knowledge in game bird management and biology.


In describing the course of change in a dynamic field such as the nonprofit sector, neo-institutional theorists argue that isomorphic forces such as replication of best practices tend to increase the homogeneity of actors. This interplay of structure and agency creates what is known as the structuration of an institutional field. These theorists have little to say about the people who influence and are influenced by these dynamics. This study explores this personal experience at the micro level of the nonprofit field executive leadership. It focuses on their challenges related to the isomorphic pressures resulting from: (1) socio-economic roles, (2) being businesslike, (3) being altruistic, and (4) relating to the external environment. Interviews with executive directors of nonprofit organizations in the Atlanta area affirmed that nonprofit EDs use several strategies to hold together the tensions among these forces: (1) balancing intuition with data; (2) relying on the experience of others as a learning tool; (3) taking an improvisational approach to problem-solving; (4) being flexible and resourceful in managing subordinates; and (5) regarding fundraising as a necessary evil and a business means to an altruistic end. Their responses tended to be more self expressive than business-oriented, displaying an aversion to using purely business terms to discuss altruistic outcomes. In addition, the study engaged the executive directors in the construction of three theoretical perspectives on the practice nonprofit leadership: (1) the essential themes that characterize the experience of being a nonprofit ED; (2) a micro-level framework for understanding the landscape where nonprofit EDs do their work; and (3) within this framework, the degree to which nonprofit ii EDs influence and are influenced by the structuration of the nonprofit field. By enhancing the understanding of leadership provided by EDs, the current study advances emerging theories of nonprofit enterprise and clarifies how nonprofit EDs lead in context. Further, the methodology used to derive these findings can be helpful in learning conversations within the sector and between nonprofit leaders and their counterparts in business, government, and foundations. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible at the Ohiolink ETD Center at http//:www.ohiolink.edu/etd/.


This paper presents a new and general approach for analyzing the stability of a large class of biological networks, modeled as autonomous systems of differential equations, using real solving and solution classification. The proposed approach, based on the classical technique of linearization from the qualitative theory of ordinary differential equations yet with exact symbolic computation, is applied to analyzing the local stability of the Cdc2-cyclin B/Wee1 system and the Mos/MEK/p42 MAPK cascade, two well-known models for cell and protein signaling that have been studied extensively in the literature. We provide rigorous proofs and generalizations for some of the previous results established experimentally and report our new findings.


Wood Chemistry, Fundamentals and Applications, Second Edition, examines the basic principles of wood chemistry and its potential applications to pulping and papermaking, wood and wood waste utilization, pulping by-products for production of chemicals and energy, and biomass conversion.


This paper discusses a new and simple control method for maximum power tracking in a variable speed wind turbine by using a step-up dc-dc converter. The output voltage of permanent magnet generator is connected to a fixed dc-link through a three-phase rectifier and the dc-dc converter. A maximum power-tracking algorithm calculates the speed command that corresponds to maximum power output of the turbine. The dc-dc converter uses this speed command to control the output power of the permanent magnet generator, such that the speed of generator tracks the command speed. A current regulated PWM voltage source inverter maintains the output voltage of dc-dc converter at a fixed value by balancing the input and output power to the dc-link. In addition, the inverter can improve power factor and inject a current with very low harmonic distortion into the utility grid. The generating system has potentials of high efficiency, good flexibility, and low cost.


This paper investigates how teacher education programmes provide adequate preparation for its prospective teachers. It uses adult numeracy teacher education in the post‐compulsory education sector in England as exemplar. Using findings from two research projects on adult numeracy teacher education courses, the article investigates the applications of Bernstein's theories to teacher education, the approaches in which the diversity of prospective teachers is catered for on the course, the ways in which the recontextualization process may be incorporated into the course, the strategies to enable prospective teachers to learn to be teachers and the perception of prospective teachers regarding the weaknesses of their courses. Finally, this article mentions additional areas for research in order to gain further insight into the complex process of learning to be a teacher.


In an attempt to investigate whether a relationship exists between exposure to stressful stimuli and the consumption of CNS stimulants, rats were given continuous access to an 0.1% saccharin solution and either d-amphetamine (AMP), methamphetamine (MET) or phenylpropanolamine (PPA) at two concentrations. Animals were exposed to either isolation/novel environment or immobilization stress repetitively over a two week period on an irregular/unpredictable schedule. No differences were seen between control (non-stressed) and stressed animals with respect to the volume of AMP, MET or PPA consumed either during stress or in two weeks post-stress. All three drugs failed to demonstrate any oral reinforcing properties as evaluated by positional perseveration. In contrast to earlier work using ethanol, the data suggests that stress has very little influence over the oral ingestion of phenethylamines.


SIR, The high-dose cyciosporin regimen used in organ transplantation is associated with an increased incidence of lymphomas, mostly of B-cell origin, which may be either poiyclonal or monoclonal.' Whether low doses of cyclosporin similarly increase the risk of lymphoma is not clear. Two patients treated with low-dose cyclosporin who developed B-cell lymphoma associated with reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) have recently been described.•'•^ During the surveillance of 847 patients with psoriasis, however, only one B-cell lymphoma was reported, and this regressed on stopping cyclosporin,'* Atypical lymphocytes and plasma cells in the blood film can occur during infectious mononucleosis. Plasma cells, but not atypical lymphocytes, have been associated with inflammatory skin diseases.^ During a recent study of low-dose cyclosporin in the treatment of psoriasis, five of our patients had intermittent atypical lymphocytes or plasma cells on their peripheral blood film which disappeared spontaneously. They were otherwise asymptomatic. In three patients the psoriasis had been completely cleared by cyclosporin, and we were worried that either atypical lymphocytes or plasma cells indicated asymptomatic EBV reactivation. IgG antibodies to cytomegalovirus (CMV), and IgG and IgM antibodies to EBV capsid antigen were measured before treatment and during therapy with cyclosporin, when atypical lymphocytes or plasma cells were present (Table 1). The mean dose of cyclosporin was 4 ± l 4 mg/kg/day and the trough level of whole blood cyclosporin using the specific monoclonal assay was 103 ±52 ng/ml. There was no significant change in titres of these specificities to EBV or CMV. These results suggest that the appearance of plasma cells during treatment of psoriasis with cyclosporin does not represent asjrmptomatic reactivation of either CMV or EBV. Our results are supported by a larger study of 25 diabetic patients who, after commencing 7-5-10 mg/kg/day of cyclosporin, were followed for up to 18 months. No significant change in titres to EB virus nuclear or viral capsid antigens were found.'' If a patient who has previously had infectious mononucleosis continues to be symptomatic, however, then a normal titre of IgG antibodies to EBV capsid antigen and a low titre of antibodies to EBV nuclear antigen suggests incomplete clearing of the virus.''


The distinction between the a priori and the a posteriori is an old and influential one. But both the distinction itself and the crucial notion of a priori knowledge face powerful philosophical challenges. Many philosophers worry that accepting the a priori is tantamount to accepting epistemic magic. In contrast, this Element argues that the a priori can be formulated clearly, made respectable, and used to do important epistemological work. The author's conception of the a priori and its role falls short of what some historical proponents of the notion may have hoped for, but it allows us to accept and use the notion without abandoning either naturalism or empiricism, broadly understood. This Element argues that we can accept and use the a priori without magic.


This study examined the effects of the race of therapist and client on the process and short-term outcome of psychotherapy. Fourteen female clients, evenly divided by race, and carefully matched in age and education were seen in individual, psychodynamically oriented psychotherapy by black and white therapists. All four possible therapist-client racial matches were represented (black-black, black-white, white-black, and whitewhite). Outcome was measured by both therapist and client responses to questionnaires concerning their impressions of therapy after ten sessions. Process data consisted of therapists' tape recordings and process notes of approximately the first ten therapy hours with each of their clients, and were rated with a specially designed Q-sort, constructed to be descriptive both of the therapeutic process in general as well as issues pertaining to race. Results indicated there were no differences in outcome as a function of racial matching; however, there were clear differences in therapy process. A cluster analysis produced seven dimensions of psychotherapy process, four of which varied significantly across racial match. A subsequent analysis of Q-sort items demonstrated significant changes in therapy process over time, many of them occurring between the first therapy hour and subsequent sessions. This finding raises serious questions about the generalizability of the results of previous studies on the effects of race in psychotherapy that base their conclusions on data acquired solely in an initial interview.


Fourteen Mexican genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with good to moderate levels of resistance to Karnal bunt (Tilletia indica (Mitra)) were crossed with the highly susceptible cultivar WL711 to determine the genetic basis of resistance. The parents, F 1 , F 2 and backcross populations of the 14 crosses were evaluated under artificial epiphytotic conditions during the 1993-94 season for Karnal bunt resistance. The F 1 data suggested that the resistance was dominant to partially dominant over susceptibility. The χ 2 analysis of the segregation ratios in the F 2 and backcross generations indicated that the resistance in the wheat genotypes Luan, Attila, Vee # 7/Bow, Star, Weaver, Milan, Sasia and Turacio/Chil is controlled by two genes. The resistance in genotypes Cettia, Irena, Turaco, Opata, Picus, and Yaco was found to be conditioned by a single dominant gene. The genotypes with two genes for resistance expressed a higher level of resistance than those with a single gene and, therefore, are better sources of resistance to Karnal bunt.


Antioxidants are compounds that can delay or inhibit the oxidation of lipids or other molecules by inhibiting the oxidizing chain reactions [1]. Polyphenol compounds are strong antioxidants, and their antioxidant activities are dependent on their structural properties [2-4]. Recently, interest has increased considerably in finding naturally occurring antioxidants for use in foods to replace synthetic antioxidants, which are being restricted due to their carcinogenicity [5, 6]. The objective of this study was to determine influence of total polyphenol content on the antioxidant activity of herbs extracts. Two herbs were analysed: lovage and parsley. Extracts were prepared from herbs, dried before extraction by different methods: convection and super-high frequency (SHF) drying. The total content of polyphenols was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and antioxidant activity by the use of DPPH free radical method. The parsley extract was the most abundant source of polyphenols and showed the highest value of antioxidant activity in the group of the studied extracts. There was a direct relationship between the total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity in the extracts of different herbs. Polyphenol compounds are one of the most diverse classes of phytochemicals widely distributed in herbs. Polyphenol compounds found in analyzed herb extracts are a potent source of antioxidants and can be used as dietary supplements.


Commentary and analysis of the oral arguments before the Supreme Court in In re Agent Orange Prod. Liab. Litig. on appeal from the Second Circuit in Dow Chemical Co. v. Stephenson. The underlying litigation presented an attack against the Agent Orange settlement, finalized in the Eastern District of New York in 1984 and approved by the Second Circuit in 1986. The issue before the Court concerned whether absent class members who had failed to opt-out of the Agent Orange class action settlement nearly twenty years before – claiming that they had not received notice – could subsequently collaterally attack the settlement as not fair, adequate, and reasonable. The supervising federal Judge Jack Weinstein had rejected the Vietnam veterans' subsequent collateral attack, but the Second Circuit reversed and held that due process permitted the subsequent collateral attack against the Agent Orange settlement. The Second Circuit concluded that the veteran's challenges to the Agent Orange settlement needed to be determined by the Court's landmark rulings in Amchem Prods. Inc. v. Windsor (1997) and Ortiz v. Fibreboard Corp. (1999). The appellees revisited these arguments on appeal to the Supreme Court, arguing that the Court's articulation of due process requirements for settlement classes had been heightened in these two decisions. The Court will revisit the possibility of subsequent collateral attack in the context of its decisions in Hansberry v. Lee, 311 U.S. 32 (1940) and Phillips Petroleum Co. v. Shutts, 472 U.S. 7979 (1985).


An induction generator (IG) is preferred to a synchronous generator in many renewable energy applications. In order to achieve proper control of an induction generator it is important to have accurate knowledge of its model parameters. In this paper, an Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO) approach is used to estimate the model parameters of an IG. The IPSO is executed based on the response of the active and reactive power flows associated with the IG to a change in the frequency of the external system, which the IG is connected to. This change in frequency is applied when the IG is operating in steady state, to represent the scenario where the IG parameters must be estimated on-line, and during a large disturbance to the system equilibrium. This approach is in contrast to others in the literature that estimate the parameters of an induction machine based on its start-up behavior, or the results of mechanical tests. Therefore, this approach should offer benefits when the parameters of the IG being modeled may vary over time and need to be estimated on-line.


Native species arise as an alternative to improve the poor success of traditional hydroseeding with commercial species in degraded areas. The objectives of this study were to (1) establish a procedure to select suitable native species for roadslope revegetation, (2) validate the procedure by means of field sowing experiments, and (3) assess cost effectiveness of the use of native species in hydroseeding as regards commercial ones. Vegetation surveys were performed in semiarid roadslopes of East Spain and species success evaluated according to abundance and frequency. A list of potentially suitable species for revegetation was produced and a subset of species selected and hydroseeded to check their suitability in hydroseeding. Cost effectiveness of the use of native species was estimated. Results support the suitability of the procedure for the selection of native species. Vegetation cover produced by the hydroseeded mixture of native species was high (between 43 and 70% throughout the 4 years) and was 4–20 times higher than the cover produced by a standard commercial seed mixture. The price of the selected seed mixture was 30 times that of the commercial one, but the cost of relevant ecological advantages provided by the use of native species was only twice that of the commercial species on the basis of cost effectiveness assessment. Practical consequences for restorers, policymakers, and practitioners are discussed, and the use of native species is encouraged to improve revegetation success of roadslopes and similar slope types especially in semiarid and arid environments.


Introduction: Elastography has been proposed for quantitative imaging of strain and elastic modulus distributions in soft tissues. This method generates a strain profile through external tissue compression from the ultrasound transducer. It has been shown to increase the sensitivity and specificity of FNA for the detection of malignancy. Recently, it has become possible to perform elastographic measurements via an EBUS-bronchosope. It is unclear whether this technique is able to increase the accuracy of EBUS-FNA of mediastinal lymph nodes by a better guidance of the puncture sites. The aim of this study is to check whether elastography using the new ultrasound processor is feasible within a clinical routine and whether it could improve the accuracy of mediastinal lymph node sampling in patients with malignancies. Method: Elastography was performed in 14 patients with 29 lymph node stations qualitatively (pattern) and quantitatively (strain ratio). All bronchoscopies were done in conscious sedation. The flexible EBUS-Bronchoscope BF-UC180F and the ultrasound processor EU-EM2 was used. Results: A confident elastographic analysis could be performed in 29/29 lymph node stations. No complications occurred. Results from elastography and TBNA Conclusion: In our setting, elastography was feasible, safe and gave promising results. It would be interesting to determine whether this method can be used to improve the lymph node selection for puncture.


Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a clinical technique adopted for the treatment of various neurological disorders. One major limitation of todaypsilas DBS systems is the inability to focus the electric field in the desired direction and provide a more efficient stimulation. This study adopted 2D and 3D FEM tools to explore the the application of phased array (PA) techniques to control the direction of the stimulation pattern delivered during DBS. Results illustrate that a PA DBS system can be used to steer the stimulation pattern from broadside to endfire, by driving the electrode contacts with high frequency sinusoids with phase delays varying from 0deg to 90deg. This study can provide a framework for future investigation in the development of more efficient DBS systems based on PA technology.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to review the history, legislation, and psychiatric perspective of filicide, to compare the characteristics of mothers who committed neonaticide versus infanticide, and to discuss the infanticide law in Hong Kong.

METHODS
Data of mothers remanded to the Siu Lam Psychiatric Centre from 2008 to 2016 for filicide were reviewed, as were data of filicide from the Child Fatality Review Reports published by the Social Welfare Department.

RESULTS
From 2008 to 2016, eight mothers were remanded to Siu Lam Psychiatric Centre for filicide. Four were convicted of infanticide; the other four were convicted of manslaughter. Those convicted of infanticide were single and aged <18 years. They had concealed their pregnancies and received no antenatal care. They delivered at home and then either smothered or abandoned the newborn. They reported no suicidal attempts after the index offence and had no record of mental illness. They were given supervision orders instead of prison sentences. In contrast, those convicted of manslaughter were in their 30s and married. They were documented to have killed the victims by charcoal burning, strangulation, mutilation, or defenestration. They all attempted suicide immediately after the killing and had histories of mental illness: paranoid schizophrenia (n = 2), severe depressive disorder with psychotic symptoms (n = 1), and recurrent depressive disorder (n = 1). They were sentenced to Hospital Orders for unspecified periods.

CONCLUSIONS
In Hong Kong, the incidence of maternal filicide is low. However, the infanticide provision grants leniency to mothers, including those who show no evidence of mental illness.


Classical software development methodologies take architectural issues as granted or pre-determined. They thus neglect the impact decisions for architecture have within the development process. This omission is applicable as long as we are considering monolithic systems. It cannot however been kept whenever we move to distributed systems. Web information systems pay far more attention to users support and thus require sophisticated layout and playout systems. These systems go beyond what has been known for presentation systems.

We thus discover that architecture plays a major role during systems analysis, design and development. We thus target on building a framework that is based on early architectural decisions or on integration of new solutions into existing architectures. We aim at development of novel approaches to web information systems development that allow a co-evolution of architectures and software systems.


In the analysis of Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network, one intriguing problem is the reason for centrality-lethality rule. To discover the relationship between topological properties and functional features of proteins in PPI network, we classified hub proteins into two types: essential hub and nonessential hub and combined proteins' topological structure and evolutionary rate information together. We found that essential hub proteins tend to be intra-modular hubs and they had higher evolutionary conservation, nonessential hub proteins tend to be inter-modular hubs and they had lower evolutionary conservation.


Transgenic overexpression of NMDA NR2B receptors in forebrain regions increased behavioral responses to persistent inflammatory pain. However, it is not known whether inflammation leads to the upregulation of NR2B receptors in these regions. Here, we show that peripheral inflammation increased the expression of NMDA NR2B receptors and NR2B receptor-mediated synaptic currents in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). In freely moving mice, the increase in NR2B receptors after inflammation contributed to enhanced NMDA receptor-mediated responses in the ACC. Inhibition of NR2B receptors in the ACC selectively reduced behavioral sensitization related to inflammation. Our results demonstrate that the upregulation of NR2B receptors in the ACC contributes to behavioral sensitization caused by inflammation.


Background: Although social norms are thought to play an important role in hepatitis B screening behaviors, limited theoretical or empirical guidance exists on how the underlying process works. Using the theory of normative social behavior (TNSB), we examined the role played by injunctive norms and interpersonal discussion in the relationship between descriptive norms and hepatitis B screening behavior among Asian Americans. Methods: Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese Americans in the Washington D.C.-Baltimore metropolitan area (N=877) were recruited from community-based organizations. Self-administered baseline surveys collected information on their demographic, social norms (e.g., descriptive and injunctive norms), interpersonal communication, and HBV screening behavior. Results: Social norms and family communication emerged as key factors in HBV screening. For Vietnamese Americans, family communication moderated the influence of descriptive norms on behavior. Injunctive norm moderated the influence of descriptive norms on behavior among Korean Americans. However, there was no significant interaction for Chinese Americans. Discussion: Family communication and social Snorms are integral in enabling Asian Americans to have HBV screening and warrant sensitivity in the design of liver cancer prevention program in this high risk group of Asian Americans. Citation Format: Hee-Soon Juon, Rajiv Rimal, Sunmin Lee. Social norms, family communication, and hepatitis B screening among Asian Americans. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr C72.


We use photoemission spectroscopy to study electronic structures of pristine and K-doped solid picene. The valence band spectrum of pristine picene consists of three main features with no state at the Fermi level (E F ) while that of K-doped picene has three structures similar to those of pristine picene with new states near E F , consistent with the semiconductor-metal transition. The K-induced change cannot be explained with a simple rigid-band model of pristine picene but can be interpreted by molecular-orbital calculations considering electron-intramolecular-vibration interaction. Excellent agreement of the K-doped spectrum with the calculations points to importance of electron-intramolecular-vibration interaction in K-doped picene.


A negotiation-based intelligent tutoring system of which the tutor and learner agents in playing problem-specific roles is developed to assist learner in problem solving through a negotiation mechanism. During the problem solving, fuzzy constraint-directed negotiation is employed to coordinate the mutual thinking between tutor and learner agents, and it can resolve the cognition differences and thereby reach a consensus more effectively. To embody the idea of the proposed methodology, a real-world example relevant to the software cost estimation is described to illustrate how a negotiation can be used for supporting the problem solving in a tutoring learning environment.


Recent studies have provided evidence that dyslexic children tend to show longer visual persistence than control children when presented with low-spatial-frequency grating stimuli. The possibility that this phenomenon might reflect an impairment of inhibitory Y-cell activity in the visual system of dyslexics has been investigated. A flicker masking technique was used to mask Y-cell activity selectively in a group of dyslexic boys and a group of age-matched controls. There were no overall differences in reaction times to the offsets of grating patterns of various spatial frequencies between the groups, and no differences between subgroups defined by age, degree of reading impairment, or any other criterion. The results show no evidence of abnormal Y-cell function in developmental dyslexia.


Atrial cardiomyocytes, neurons, and endocrine tissues secrete neurotransmitters and peptide hormones via large dense-core vesicles (LDCVs). We describe a new member of the Ras family of G-proteins, named RRP17, which is expressed specifically in cardiomyocytes, neurons, and the pancreas. RRP17 interacts with Ca2+-activated protein for secretion-1 (CAPS1), one of only a few proteins known to be associated exclusively with LDCV exocytosis. Ectopic expression of RRP17 in cardiomyocytes enhances secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a regulator of blood pressure and natriuresis. Conversely, genetic deletion of RRP17 in mice results in dysmorphic LDCVs, impaired ANP secretion, and hypertension. These findings identify RRP17 as a component of the cellular machinery involved in regulated secretion within the heart and potential mediator of the endocrine influence of the heart on other tissues.


Nothing is known of transduction mechanisms of baroreceptors in vivo. Not even the site of transduction is known. However, there are mechanotransducer ion channels that provide a useful model system of transduction. In these channels, transduction is accomplished by a strain-dependent increase in the probability of being open. Membrane tension is coupled to the channel by cytoskeletal strands that concentrate the strain energy from a large (approximately equal to 4000 A diameter) area of membrane and thereby provide high sensitivity. The channel is fast and does not inactivate, but viscoelastic coupling to the channel can dramatically alter the transfer function.


This article reports results from a systematic search and thematic analysis of qualitative literature to identify key issues related to family-centered care, behaviors, and communication skills that support the parental role and improve patient and family outcomes in the pediatric intensive care unit. Five themes were identified: (1) sharing information, (2) hearing parental voices, (3) making decisions for or with parents, (4) negotiating roles, and (5) individualizing communication. These themes highlight several gaps between how parents want to be involved and how they perceive clinicians' engagement with them in the care of their child. Parental preferences for involvement differ in the domains of information sharing, decision making, and power sharing across a spectrum of parental roles from parents as care provider to care recipient. The pediatric intensive care unit setting may place clinicians in a double bind trying to both engage families and protect them from distress. Asking families of critically ill children about their preferences for participation across these domains may improve clinician-family relationships.


Abstract. Underground utilities locating is an important process to identify buried utility facilities for inspection and maintenance purposes. The process involves the use of underground utility maps and detecting devices to identify utilities as well as paints to mark the positions. However, this practice requires sophisticated devices, and skilful and experienced workers. The whole process takes time and is costly to operate. To solve these difficulties, an easy to use Augmented Reality (AR) mobile application, namely AR Pipeline Visualiser (ARPV) was developed. ARPV has feature for identifying pipelines which allows their attributes to be displayed. Besides, it also comes with colour classification buttons based on the pipelines' attribute values which help users to discriminate pipelines better. ARPV uses spatial data in GeoJSON format which is hosted on Mapbox's online database. ARPV is developed using Unity3D engine and Mapbox SDK for Unity. ARPV utilizes smartphone's sensors to determine the location and orientation of the device, then, render the corresponding pipelines graphics on top of the reality scene through camera and screen. A qualitative testing with an engineer from Pejabat Harta Bina, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia shows that the application has an advantage in providing better visualisation and understanding of water pipeline than conventional method.


Bobby Sands was twenty-seven years old when he died. He spent almost nine years of his life in prison because of his Irish republican activities. He died, in prison, on 5 May 1981, on the sixty-sixth day of his hunger strike at Long Kesh, outside Belfast. This book documents a day in the life of Bobby Sands. It is a tale of human bravery, endurance and courage against a backdrop of suffering, terror and harassment. It will live on as a constant reminder of events that should never have happened -- and will hopefully never happen again.


This article addresses the multiple ways in which emotions can influence attitudes and persuasion via primary and secondary (meta-) cognition. Using the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion as a guide, we review evidence for five fundamental processes that occur at different points along the elaboration continuum. When the extent of thinking is constrained to be low, emotions influence attitudes by relatively simple processes that lead them to change in a manner consistent with the valence of the emotion. When thinking is constrained to be high, emotions can serve as arguments in favour of a proposal if they are relevant to the merits of the advocacy or they can bias thinking if the emotion precedes the message. If thinking is high and emotions become salient after thinking, they can lead people to rely or not rely on the thoughts generated either because the emotion leads people to like or dislike their thoughts (affective validation) or feel more confident or doubtful in their thoughts (cognitive validation). When thinking is unconstrained, emotions influence the extent of thinking about the persuasive communication. Although prior theories have addressed one or more of these fundamental processes, no other approach has integrated them into one framework.


Two general routes have been followed to develop artificial agents that are sensitive to human values---a top-down approach to encode values into the agents, and a bottom-up approach to learn from human actions, whether from real-world interactions or stories. Although both approaches have made exciting scientific progress, they may face challenges when applied to the current development practices of AI systems, which require the under-standing of the specific domains and specific stakeholders involved. In this work, we bring together perspectives from the human-computer interaction (HCI) community, where designing technologies sensitive to user values has been a longstanding focus. We highlight several well-established areas focusing on developing empirical methods for inquiring user values. Based on these methods, we propose participatory design fictions to study user values involved in AI systems and present preliminary results from a case study. With this paper, we invite the consideration of user-centered value inquiry and value learning.


Objective To review the research literature on epistemic cognition in medical education. Methods We conducted database searches using keywords related to epistemic cognition and medical education or practice. In duplicate, authors selected and reviewed empirical studies with a central focus on epistemic cognition and participant samples including medical students or physicians. Independent thematic analysis and consensus procedures were used to identify major findings about epistemic cognition and implications for research and medical education. Results Twenty-seven articles were selected. Themes from the findings of selected studies included developmental frameworks of epistemic cognition revealing simple epistemological positions of medical learners, increasing epistemological sophistication with experience, relationships between epistemic cognition and context, patterns in epistemic orientations to clinical practice, and reactions to ambiguity and uncertainty. Many studies identified the need for new instruments and methodologies to study epistemic cognition in medical education settings and its relationship to clinical outcomes. Relationships between epistemological beliefs and humanistic patient care and influences of medical education practices were commonly cited implications for medical education. Conclusions Epistemic cognition is conceptualized and operationalized in a variety of ways in the medical research literature. Advancing theoretical frameworks and developing new methodological approaches to examine epistemic cognition are important areas for future research. Also, examination of the relationship between the contexts of medical learning and practice and epistemic cognition has potential for improving medical education. This work also establishes a need for further investigation into the implications of epistemic cognition for humanistic orientations and ultimately for patient care.


This work describes experimental and theoretical studies on frictional characteristics of tires at low slip velocities and low slip ratios, which are important in antilock braking systems. Rolling/sliding friction of tire tread rubber against abrasive papers, which are assumed to represent microscopic surface roughness of pavement surfaces, is measured at low slip velocities. The experimental results show that rolling/sliding frictional characteristics depend on the surface roughness, particularly on the asperity peak density of abrasive papers. The contact area between rubber and the rough surfaces of the abrasive papers was analyzed under vertical load and tangential force using the two-dimensional explicit finite element analysis (FEM). FEM results show that both the sum of length of the real contact area and partial slip are larger with finer surfaces under the same vertical load and tangential force. We conclude that rolling/sliding friction at a low slip ratio is affected by ploughing and hysteresis rather than by adhesion.


The under-representation of women in sport management has increasingly been recognized by government and nongovernment organizations, and there has been some attempt to redress the imbalance. Research has indicated, however, that the gendering of sport organizations is not simply a numbers' game. The purpose of this study was to analyze the exercise of exclusionary power as an aspect of gender relations within a six member volunteer Board of Directors of an Australian local, grass-roots sport organization. Data were gathered using semistructured interviews, participant observation and documentary evidence over a 15-month period. This study identified that, although numerical underrepresentation of men or women on this Board was not an issue for either sex, exclusionary power was exercised in a number of overlapping ways which ultimately limited the participation, input, and influence of its female members.


The prevalence of classification accuracy statistics was calculated in five prominent neuropsychology journals and five leading neurology journals for the years 2000 and 2001. Only 29% of neuropsychological articles judged to be appropriate for classification accuracy statistics presented sufficient data to calculate a full range of such analyses. Moreover, classification accuracy statistics were significantly less prevalent in neuropsychology journal articles than in studies published in neurology journals during the same time period. Various indices of sensitivity and/or specificity were present in 31% of neuropsychology articles, whereas fewer than 3% reported predictive values or risk ratios. These findings indicate that classification accuracy statistics, most notably predictive values and risk ratios, are potentially underused in neuropsychology. Investigators and research consumers are encouraged to consider the applicability of classification accuracy statistics as a means of evaluating the clinical relevance of neuropsychological research findings.


Background A vast body of evidence during the last decades has shown the clear preventive role of physical activity in cardiovascular disease. The real magnitude of the association between physical activity during leisure time (LTPA) and primary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) has, however, not been completely defined. Design Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Methods Studies were included if they reported relative risks and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI), for categories of LTPA in relation to CHD. The LTPA categories of the selected studies were grouped into three levels of intensity: high, moderate and low. The high level of physical activity was determined, to obtain a level of intensity attainable by the general population. Results Data were available for 26 studies, incorporating 513472 individuals (20666 CHD events), followed up for 4–25 years. Under a random-effects model, the overall analysis showed that individuals who reported performing a high level of LTPA had significant protection against CHD [relative risk 0.73 (95% CI 0.66–0.80), P < 0.00001]. A similar significant protection against CHD, for individuals who practised a moderate level of LTPA, has been also demonstrated [relative risk 0.88 (95% CI 0.83–0.93), P < 0.0001]. Conclusions The current meta-analysis reports significant protection against the occurrence of CHD resulting from moderate-to-high levels of physical activity. These results strengthen the recommendations of guidelines that indicate the protective effect against cardiovascular disease of physical activity profiles that are attainable by ordinary people.


We considered the Martin-Taylor model (1984) for a magnetic limiter of a tokamak. Calculating the Lyapunov exponent and diffusion coefficient we analysed the dependence of the length of the chaotic region at the edge of the tokamak on the magnetic limiter current. Our results indicate that for a large tokamak, operating in a certain range of the shear values, this current can be lowered by as much as one order of magnitude, with respect to the value calculated by Martin and Taylor.


This research compares a new infrasonic method with the conventional blower method for determining the composite effective size of all the air-leakage passages in a house or apartment. In the frequency range used (0.1 to 7 Hz) small buildings are characterized mainly by one acoustic capacitance and one nonlinear leakage resistance. Infrasonic apparatus comprising a motor-driven source having known output, a sensitive pressure pickup, and an electronic signal processor has been constructed and used to measure leakage from several apartments and a house. Under field conditions the results of the infrasonic and blower measurements agree within a factor of two or three. Since the infrasonic system requires no through-the-wall blower vent or pressure taps, it is easier to set up than a blower system.


Total animal biomass depends on four factors: (1) food supply, (2) the efficiency with which animals consume available food, (3) the efficiency with which animals convert consumed food into biomass, and (4) the rate at which animals lose biomass to the environment through respiration or death. Each of these factors may change through geological time because each is a function of animal ecology and physiology. Animal ecology and physiology, in turn, are products of interacting evolutionary and environmental factors. The direction of change in animal biomass through time may be predicted given knowledge of environmental and ecological change. At a finer level, physiological differences among phyla or other higher taxa suggest that they would have had differential responses to specific environmental changes. Physiological features shared by all of life, such as the dependence of metabolic rate on ambient temperature, suggest that even a coarse time‐series of relative changes in animal biomass may enrich understanding of biogeochemical cycling among all organisms, including phytoplankton and microbes. Changes in the abundance of skeletal material in shallow marine deposits through geological time indicate that the biomass of benthic skeletal invertebrates has fluctuated significantly on timescales from millions to hundreds of millions of years. During the Ordovician radiation, increase in the complexity of animal food webs and increase in the efficiency of animal communities in removing available food from the water column and sediment appear most likely to account for a secular increase in animal biomass. Decrease in animal biomass after the end‐Permian extinction appears to have been driven by a combination of factors but particularly decreased aggregate growth efficiency and consumption efficiency. Comparing biomass and diversity trends through other major transitions in the history of animal life has the potential to shed light on the relationship between physical environmental change and ecosystems evolution.


Discusses the optimal choice of the basis for calculations of inner-shell excitations in the collision of heavy ions. Starting from a variational principle which minimises the time-integrated coupling strength, a relation between a model two-centre distance and the actual internuclear separation is derived. For 1s sigma excitations in Pb-Pb collisions it is found that the optimal basis is almost identical to the adiabatic one. For higher quantum states the adiabatic treatment becomes less adequate.


Title of Dissertation: A ROLES APPROACH TO CONFLICT STRATEGIES: MODELING THE EFFECTS OF SELFAND OTHER-ROLE ENACTMENT ON CONFLICT STRATEGIES THROUGH GOALS AND EMOTION Xiaoying Xie, Doctor of Philosophy, 2009 Dissertation Directed by: Professor Deborah A. Cai Department of Communication This dissertation addresses how, in a conflict situation, individuals enact different roles and how their responses to the other party's role enactment affect the strategies they choose to handle the conflict. A model is proposed to delineate the cognitive and emotional process through which the focal individual and the other party's role enactment affect the focal individual's conflict strategies. The model was first examined using the data based on participants' recall of a past conflict and their answers to questions that assessed behaviors (N = 265). Next, a laboratory experiment was used to test a model in which a conflict was induced and each participant interacted with a confederate to complete a decision making task (N = 261). The focal person's obligation to his or her general role and the other party's expectation violations were manipulated. Participants' embracement of their situated roles, perceived goal importance, emotion, and the use of four types of conflict strategies were measured. Results indicated that obligation predicted the use of relational-protective strategies through the mediating effect of relational goal importance. Embracement of the situated role was found to directly predict the use of a relational-protective confronting strategy but indirectly predict the use of a relational-disruptive confronting strategy through situated goal importance. The other's expectation violation changed the perceived goal importance and the emotion of the focal individual, which predicted the use of relational-disruptive strategies. However, the main reason for the effect of expectation violation on relational-disruptive strategies was individuals' direct reaction to the other's behavior rather than anger. Interpretations and implications of the results, the limitations of the study, theoretical and methodological contributions of the study, and future directions were discussed. A ROLES APPROACH TO CONFLICT STRATEGY: MODELING THE EFFECTS OF SELF-AND OTHER-ROLE ENACTMENT ON CONFLICT STRATEGIES THROUGH GOALS AND EMOTION


Control of glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed in no-till cotton has become a serious challenge for midsouth producers. Control of GR horseweed prior to no-till cotton planting (burndown) was examined with glufosinate applied at a standard rate (0.47 kg ai/ha) 30, 21, and 14 d before planting (DBP) and at 0.35 and 0.58 kg ai/ha 14 DBP. Glufosinate at 0.47 kg ai/ha was also tank-mixed with 2,4-D, dicamba, or flumioxazin 30 DBP, and with diuron, pendimethalin, prometryn, or glyphosate at 14 DBP. Glufosinate applied at the standard rate 21 or 30 DBP did not control GR horseweed (<55%), but did provide better control (85%) when applied 14 DBP. The high rate of glufosinate (0.58 kg ai/ha) applied 14 DBP controlled GR horseweed. Tank mixtures of glufosinate with dicamba or 2,4-D at 30 DBP controlled GR horseweed. Tank mixtures of glufosinate with either prometryn or diuron provided initial burndown and residual weed control. Tank mixtures of glufosinate + pendimethalin or flumioxazin did not increase control of existing horseweed, but did provide residual control 56 days after application. Nomenclature: Horseweed, Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. #3 ERICA, cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. 'FiberMax 966'. Additional index words: Burndown, herbicide application timing. Abbreviations: DAA, days after application.


ABSTRACT Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a pleiotropic cytokine, sharing a common beta subunit (CDw131) with interleukins 3 and 5. GM-CSF is important for its direct and indirect involvement in host defense. In veterinary medicine, human (h) GM-CSF has been used as a substitute for canine GM-CSF to stimulate canine granulocytes and macrophages. In this study, we compared the effects of three distinct hGM-CSFs produced by bacteria, yeasts and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with those of Escherichia (E) coli-produced canine GM-CSF on the cluster of differentiation 11b (CD11b) expression in canine granulocytes. The median effective dose (ED50) of hGM-CSFs from bacteria, yeasts and CHO cells was 3.09, 4.09 and 4.27 ng/ml, respectively, with no significant difference among three. In contrast, a significant difference was observed between ED50 of canine GM-CSF (0.56 ng/ml) and three hGM-CSFs according to the paired t-test (P<0.05). We conclude that hGM-CSF can activate canine granulocytes, but the average activity of the three rhGM-CSFs was approximately 15% of that of canine GM-CSF.


There has been an immense effort by global pharmaceutical companies to develop anti-COVID-19 drugs, including small molecule-based RNA replication inhibitors via drug repositioning and antibody-based spike protein blockers related to cell entry by SARS-CoV-2. However, several limitations to their clinical use have emerged in addition to a lack of progress in the development of small molecule-based cell entry inhibitors from natural products. In this study, we tested the effectiveness of kuwanon C (KC), which has mainly been researched using in silico docking simulation and can serve as an effective building block for developing anti-COVID-19 drugs, in blocking the spike S1 RBD:ACE2 receptor interaction. KC is a natural product derived from Morus alba L., commonly known as mulberry, which has known antiviral efficacy. Molecular interaction studies using competitive ELISA and the BLItz system revealed that KC targets both the spike S1 RBD and the ACE2 receptor, successfully disrupting their interaction, as supported by the in silico docking simulation. Furthermore, we established a mechanism of action by observing how KC prevents the infection of SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped virus in ACE2/TPRSS2-overexpressing HEK293T cells. Finally, we demonstrated that KC inhibits clinical isolates of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells. Future combinations of small molecule-based cell entry inhibitors, such as KC, with the currently prescribed RNA replication inhibitors are anticipated to significantly enhance the efficacy of COVID-19 therapies.


This paper presents a theory of preferences for randomization by using the framework of preferences over menus. In the framework, the decision maker chooses a menu at the first stage; at the second stage, she chooses a probability distribution on the chosen menu at the first stage. The resulting behavior is captured by expected utility theory, but at the choice of the first stage, the decision maker may have non-linear preferences due to cognitive effects. This paper introduces new axioms on preferences for randomization by relaxing the axioms of Strategic Rationality and Independence. This paper imposes on the axioms of Randomization and Strong Singleton Independence. The new axioms, along with basic axioms, characterize a random anticipated utility representation, in which the subjective belief for the effect of randomization is uniquely identified. Randomization attitudes, captured by probability-weighting functions, and risk attitude are separately identified. By relaxing the two axioms, this paper studies more general cases such as preferences for flexibility, subjective learning, and costly randomization. Moreover, the resulting behaviors are characterized by stochastic choice functions.


Even if images have occasionally made their way into both poetry and fiction, print literature has always been a decisively verbal art. Today, however, quite a dramatic change seems to be taking place. Not only have we witnessed an amazing rise of the genre of the graphic novel, whose essence is a mixture of word and image, but in more and more print novels we can see an intersection of the verbal narrative with images of all kinds. The print novel, then, seems to have entered with full force what W.J.T Mitchell has famously called "the pictorial turn." This new artistic practice poses new challenges to literary criticism. The aim of our paper is to map some of these challenges. Taking up examples from a range of contemporary print novels (Jonathan Safran Foer's Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close, Steven Hall's The Raw Shark Texts, Gordon Sheppard's Ha!), we discuss how the interaction between the verbal text and image (such as typographical devices, photographs, drawings, comic strips, or musical notations) can be approached. Our analysis of the narrative layering of the visual and the verbal focuses primarily on the issue of temporality and reading. The overall questions, then, are: What does the presence of images do to our reading of fiction? What critical vocabulary needs to be activated to analyze the braiding of image and narrative? Since the type of narratives we examine call for a hybrid methodology, in what quarters can narratology seek its partner(s)?


A slightly adapted catalyst system has been successfully applied in the direct amination of primary and secondary alcohols. Moreover, the applicability to diols has been shown, giving high selectivity towards the primary diamines. It was found that the Ru/P ratio as well as the amount of ammonia used are highly important in this system, especially for higher substrate loadings. The catalyst was employed on a larger batch scale for the conversion of isomannide to the corresponding diamine. Additionally, it was shown that the catalyst is stable for at least six consecutive runs. No significant loss of activity and selectivity was observed.


Concepts and principles of TINA (Telecommunications Information Networking Architecture) are introduced with the objective of correcting problems of centralized service control and service data model existent in INs (intelligent networks). Now, it is becoming clear that future sophisticated services breaking away from the simple telephony call model, e.g., multimedia, multi-party conferencing, etc., will need to be rapidly and efficiently introduced, deployed, operated and managed. In this context, TINA developed a comprehensive architecture for multi-service networks that will support multimedia services. On the other hand, the provisioning of all the service management functionality for TINA services (i.e. FCAPS) is still an open research question. In this paper, we discuss accounting features and requirements, security of accounting management, and issues for their integration in a TINA-based service environment. A prototype has been implemented to validate the concepts and results are also presented.