We report a mild, fast and convenient catalytic system for the coupling of aryl chlorides with primary, secondary, as well as previously challenging tertiary alkyl thiols using an air-stable nickel(II) precatayst in combination with the low-cost base potassium acetate at room temperature. This new catalytic system tolerates a variety of functional groups and enables the generation of thioethers for a wide range of substrates, including pharmaceutical compounds in excellent yields. Chemoselec-tive functionalization of disubstituted substrates was demonstrated. Kinetic and NMR-studies, as well as DFT computations support a Ni(0)/Ni(II) catalytic cycle and identify the oxidative addition product as the resting state. Acetate coordination and subsequent acetate facilitated formation of a thiolate complex via internal deprotonation play a key role in the catalytic cycle.


Fast detection and identification of microorganisms is a challenging and significant feature from industry to medicine. Standard approaches are known to be very time-consuming and labor-intensive (e.g., culture media and biochemical tests). Conversely, screening techniques demand a quick and low-cost grouping of bacterial/fungal isolates and current analysis call for broad reports of microorganisms, involving the application of molecular techniques (e.g., 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing based on polymerase chain reaction). The goal of this review is to present the past and the present methods of detection and identification of microorganisms, and to discuss their advantages and their limitations.


This essay discusses how Confucianism can deal with two related issues of virtue ethics and moral responsibility: praise and blame. We normally praise a person because the person has done something difficult, but a virtuous person does the virtuous things effortlessly, delightfully, and with great ease. Thus the question arises regarding whether such actions are indeed praiseworthy. We can blame a person for doing something wrong only if the person does it knowingly. However, according to virtue ethics, anyone who has genuine moral knowledge acts virtuously, and anyone who does not act virtuously, or acts viciously, only because the person does not have the genuine moral knowledge. Thus the question arises regarding whether such actions are blameworthy.


UNLABELLED
Prevalence of peptic ulcer (PU) and risk factors associated with its recurrence are unknown among the Mexican population.

OBJECTIVE
To determine clinical features and risk factors associated with peptic ulcer recurrence.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Five-year follow-up study that included 211 men and 140 women 20 years age or older. PU diagnosis was made by clinical and endoscopic criteria. Associated risk factors such as NSAIDs use, smoking, alcohol consumption, and H. pylori infection were assessed. Clinical recurrence was defined as the time between basal diagnosis and the first PU clinical drop.

RESULTS
Diagnosis of duodenal ulcer (DU) and gastric ulcer (GU) was documented in 41.9 and 58.1% of subjects. Predominant risk factor for DU was smoking, and NSAID intake for GU. H. pylori were documented in 39.3%. Sixty-five years of age or older (61 and 33% for GU and DU, respectively), and three or more associated risk factors (70%) were the main associated causes for PU recurrence. PU recurrence associated with Hp was 34%.

CONCLUSIONS
GU frequency was the highest and associated risk factors for its recurrence were NSAID intake, 65 years of age or older, and Hp infection.


Layer based manufacturing system often referred to as Rapid Prototyping (RP) have been in existence for 22 years, in the past 5 years Rapid Manufacturing (RM) has emerged from these RP systems to produce functional and structural customer focused end use components and products.
This keynote paper will review the current range of technologies for metallic systems, it will also evaluate the operating principles, features, potential and limitations of current commercially available systems.
Rapid Manufacture is increasingly being used for high value difficult to manufacture components with a new set of design rules required to fully exploit the RM systems inherent characteristics. A case studies approach will be used to show the benefits and pitfalls this new design freedom can provide designers.


We examined the mediating role that job satisfaction plays in the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and perceived general health. Participants were 124 faculty members in the School of Basic Medical Sciences at Southern Medical University, China. The simple path and fully mediated models were subjected to structural equation modeling. Results indicated that EI was positively correlated with job satisfaction, and that job satisfaction was positively correlated with perceived general health. However, when job satisfaction was controlled for, the partial correlation between EI and perceived general health became nonsignificant. Finally, we found that job satisfaction mediated the relationship between EI and perceived general health.


This class presents us with about sixteen genera and a considerable number of species, many of which are very rare. They range throughout the whole of the fossiliferous beds of the marine limestone series, the finest and best preserved specimens being obtained from the banks of weathered shale at the quarries; the smaller species, by washing the soft shales, as recommended in searching for Entomostraca and other small organisms. As a rule, our examples of the Carboniferous Gasteropoda are very much smaller in size than those of the same species found in the limestone strata of other countries. Like the Brachiopoda they may have been dwarfed by the unfavourable conditions under which they lived. The genera most common in our beds are Dentalium, Euomphalus, Loxonema, Macrocheilus, Murchisonia, Naticopsis, and Pleurotomaria; the rarer genera being Chiton, Chitonellus, Eulima, Platyceras, and Trochus. The highest division of the Gasteropoda—the Nucleobranchiata—is represented by two genera, Bellerophon and Porcellia. Of the former there are eight or nine species, which range throughout the marine limestone series from the lower to the upper beds. Two of the species—B. Urii and B. striatus—are moderately common; all the others are rare. The genus Porcellia seems to be represented by only one species; it is very rare, and has only been found in two or three localities, as at Gare, near Carluke, in the upper limestone series; at Craigenglen, Campsie; the Carluke main limestone; and Craigie, near Kilmarnock, in the lower limestone series. As a group, the Carboniferous Gasteropoda are This 250-word extract was created in the absence of an abstract


The current financial crisis seems to be seriously affecting the freight transport system. In this scenario, transport terminals play a crucial role to avert the risk of recession by increasing their efficiency and automation. Only in this way is it possible both to reduce the price of the services offered (loading, unloading, dwelling, logistic services ...) and increase terminal earnings. In this chapter attention is focused on the container terminal optimization problem, given that today most international cargo is transported through seaports and on containerized vessels. Hence the efficiency of container terminals plays a major role in transport chain economics. A container terminal should manage in the most efficient way container vessel berths on the docks, inbound container unloading (empty or filled with cargo), outbound container loading and storage yards. This can be achieved by coordinating the aBStract


Abstract
 This paper shares the experiences gained in the course of designing and implementing global partnerships, that have been key to building effective collaboration for impact in smallholder agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa. It describes 'principles of effective collaboration' and lists guidelines to capturing agricultural research project impacts.


I. More Than an Animal Movable Beasts: The Manifold Implications of Early Germanic Animal Imagery Stephen O. Glosecki The Truculent Toad in the Middle Ages Mary E. Robbins The Human Animals of Medieval Fables Joyce E. Salisbury Parodic Animal Physicians from the Margins of Medieval Manuscripts David A. Sprunger II. Another Look at the Physiologus Making Animals Mean: Speciest Hermeneutics in the Physiologus of Theobaldus Leslie Kordecki On the Question of a Physiologus Tradition in Emblematic Art and Writing Dietmar Peil III. Neither Man nor Beast The Werewolf as Eiron: Freedom and Comedy in William of Palerne Norman Hinton Gargoyles: Animal Imagery and Artistic Individuality in Medieval ArtJanetta Rebold Benton "Effigies Amicitiae...veritas inimicitiae": Antifeminism in the Iconography of the Woman-Headed Serpent in Medieval and Renaissance Art and LiteratureNona C. Flores Notes on Contributors Index


Background Oxidative modification of LDL plays an important role in vascular injury. Most studies have focused on harsh oxidation products, but not oxidized phospholipids. The purpose of this project was to test 1) if oxidized phospholipids disrupt endothelial function and 2) if vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) counteracts this effect. Oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2- arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (Ox-PAPC) is an oxidized phospholipid mixture in minimally oxidized LDL and was tested. To demonstrate possible in vivo significance, human sera with either low or high lipid hydroperoxide levels were also tested. Methods and Results 1) Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC) were incubated with 50 μg/ml Ox-PAPC, 200 μg/ml LDL, or media containing 20% human serum. In wounding/migration assays, [3H]thymidine incorporation assays and immunoblotting for phospho-Akt, Ox-PAPC inhibited migration by 97%, proliferation by 88%, and decreased Akt phosphorylation 2.5 fold. PAPC and LDL had no significant effect. High lipid hydroperoxide serum reduced endothelial migration by 63%, reduced proliferation by 53%, and reduced Akt phosphorylation 2 fold compared to low lipid hydroperoxide serum. 2) Bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) were treated with Ox-PAPC, 100 μg/ml VEGF, and Ox-PAPC+VEGF. VEGF stimulated cell proliferation by 62.3% and increased Akt phosphorylation 1.5 fold over controls. Ox-PAPC+VEGF restored results to control levels. Conclusion and Significance 1) Oxidized phospholipids and elevated lipid hydroperoxide sera can impair endothelial function. This may, in part, explain the increased atherosclerosis in patients with elevated lipid oxidation products in vivo. 2) VEGF overcomes Ox-PAPC's inhibitory effect. Further investigation of Ox-PAPC's mechanism of action and VEGF's counteraction may provide insight into atherosclerosis


The Village Fund Allocation is one income proceed for the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget of the rural government. For the implementation of financial governance, the Department of Community and Rural Empowerment does not yet have a performance appraisal system in managing the Fund Allocations. The Performance Appraisal System which is developed in this study aims to determine the optimality of rural governments in managing the Village Fund Allocation. The research methodology used in the study is MABAC (Multi-Attributive Border Approximation Area Comparison), a multi-alternative decision type. This method was chosen because of its stability and consistency in the solutions of decision making, compared to other decision support methods. The study was carried out on 11 villages with predetermined criteria data. From this data, an analysis is carried out resulting in values of performance assessment as well as the optimality of Fund Management.


In this study, a new system for computer vision-based recognition of human actions is presented. The proposed system uses videos as input. The approach is invariant of the location of the action and zoom levels, the appearance of the person, partial occlusions including self-occlusions and some viewpoint changes. It is robust against temporal length variations. Keypoints are tracked through time and the trajectories of tracked keypoints are used for interpreting the human action in the video. Then, features from videos are extracted. A group of features for describing a trajectory are proposed. Trajectories are clustered using these trajectory features. The clustered trajectories are used for describing an image sequence. Image sequence descriptors are the normalized histograms of the clusters of trajectories. At the final stage, the proposed system uses the descriptors of the image sequences in a supervised learning approach.


An Electronic Nose is being developed at JPL and Caltech for use in environmental monitoring in the International Space Station. The Electronic Nose (ENose) is an array of 32 polymer film conductometric sensors; the pattern of response may be deconvoluted to identify contaminants in the environment. An engineering test model of the ENose was used to monitor the air of the Early Human Test experiment at Johnson Space Center for 49 days. Examination of the data recorded by the ENose shows that major excursions in the resistance recorded in the sensor array may be correlated with events recorded in the Test Logs of the Test Chamber.


Aerosol generator using an electrically heated tube furnace is a stable apparatus to supply nanometer sized aerosols by using the evaporation and condensation processes. Using this method, we can generate highly concentrated polydisperse aerosols with relatively narrow size distribution. In this work, characteristics of particle size distribution, generated from a tube furnace, were experimentally investigated. We evaluated effects of several operation parameters on particle generation: temperature in the tube furnace, air flow rates through the tube, size of boat containing solid sodium chloride(NaCl). As the temperature increased, the geometric mean diameter increased and the total number concentration also increased. Dilution with air affected the size distribution of the particles due to coagulation. A smaller sized boat, which has small surface area to contact with air, brings smaller particles of narrow size distribution in comparison of that of a larger boat. Finally, we changed the electrical mobility diameter of aggregate sodium chloride particles by varying relative humidity of dilution air, and obtained non-aggregate sodium chloride particles, which are easy to generate exact monodisperse particles.


A finite-state-machine (FSM) synthesis procedure, specifically aimed at using primary inputs and primary output functions as state variables, is proposed. The number of next-state functions that have to be implemented is thus reduced, potentially reducing the area of the synthesized circuit. Also, as more of the state variables are directly observable (the primary outputs used as state variables), and directly controllable (the primary inputs used as state variables) the testability of the implementation is increased. Experimental results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the procedure in reducing area. >


This article examines the trust-producing mechanisms investors and financiers used in São Paulo, Brazil, to determine where to invest their money in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The coffee boom that began in the 1880s spurred bursts of new domestic business development that transformed São Paulo into Brazil's industrial leader. Using shareholder and director data from an array of business sectors, this article demonstrates that early development (1856-1905) of the institutions that provided business finance was accompanied by highly personal relationships between financier and entrepreneur. By the early twentieth century (1906-1920), rapid economic growth and business diversification rendered these personal connections inadequate and hence less important to business finance. Investors and directors concentrated their energies and their money, abandoning the practice of forming broad connections in general—and connections to a bank in particular—and turned to the stock market instead. By providing an alternative to personal forms of trust production, the rise of impersonal intermediation promoted the significantly broadened market for corporate business formation that underwrote São Paulo's economic transformation.


In the framework of the Worldwide Marine Radioactivity Studies (WOMARS) project, water profile samples for radiocarbon measurements were taken during the IAEA'97 cruise at 10 stations in the southwestern North Pacific Ocean. While 14C concentrations were rapidly decreasing from the surface (Δ14C about 100‰) down to about 800 m at all visited stations (Δ14C about −200‰), the concentrations below 1000 m were almost constant. Some stations were in proximity to the GEOSECS stations sampled in 1973; thus, 14C profiles could be compared after a 24-yr interval. Generally, 14C concentrations had decreased in surface waters (by 50–80‰) and increased (by about the same amount) in intermediate waters when compared with GEOSECS data. In deep waters (below 1000 m), the observed 14C concentrations were similar to GEOSECS values. The bomb-produced 14C inventory had increased by more than 20% over the 24 yr from 1973 to 1997 and was estimated to be about (32 ± 5) 1012 atom m-2, with an annual 14C flux of (1.3 ± 0.3) 1012 atom m-2 yr-1. The results suggest that bomb-produced 14C has been advected northwards by the Kuroshio Current and the Kuroshio Extension and stored in the intermediate layer as North Pacific Intermediate Water.


We develop a probabilistic network model over image spaces and demonstrate its broad utility in mammographic image analysis, particularly with respect to computer-aided diagnosis. The model employs a multi-scale pyramid decomposition to factor images across scale and a network of tree-structured hidden variables to capture long-range spatial dependencies. This factoring makes the computation of the density functions local and tractable. The result is a hierarchical mixture of conditional probabilities, similar to a hidden Markov model on a tree. The model parameters are found with maximum likelihood estimation using the expectation-maximization algorithm. The utility of the model is demonstrated for three applications: (1) detection of mammographic masses for computer-aided diagnosis; (2) qualitative assessment of model structure through mammographic synthesis; and (3) compression of mammographic regions of interest.  2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


Philosophy of science in the past half century can be seen as a reaction against logical empiricism's focus on modern logic as the format in which debates should be expressed and on physics as the canonical science. These reactions have resulted in a fragmentation of the field. Although this provides ways forward for disparate philosophies of various sciences, it threatens the very possibility of general philosophy of science. The debate that most obviously continues to be conducted at the general level—the debate about scientific realism—only does so because of a dangerous naivete. Nevertheless, this article suggests that there is a place for general work not by starting at the highest level of abstraction but instead by abstracting general lessons from actual science.


The symmetries in a neighbourhood of a gray value image are modelled by conjugate harmonic function pairs. A harmonic function pair is utilized to represent a coordinate transformation defining a symmetry type. In this coordinate representation the image parts, which are symmetric with respect to the chosen function pair, have iso-gray value curves which are simple lines or parallel line patterns. The detection is modelled in the special Fourier domain corresponding to the new variables by minimizing an error function. It is shown that the minimization process or detection of these patterns can be carried out for the whole image entirely in the spatial domain by convolutions. The convolution kernel is complex valued, as is the the result. The magnitudes of the result are shown to correspond to a well defined certainty measure, while the orientation is the least square estimate of an orientation in the Fourier transform corresponding to the harmonic coordinates. Applications to four symmetries are given. These are circular, linear, hyperbolic and parabolic symmetries. Experimental results are presented.


One of the main causes of epilepsy is an infection of the central nervous system (CNS); approximately 8% of patients who survive such an infection develop epilepsy as a consequence, with rates being significantly higher in less economically developed countries. This work provides an overview of modeling epilepsy of infectious etiology and using it as a platform for novel antiseizure compound testing. A protocol of epilepsy induction by non-stereotactic intracerebral injection of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) in C57BL/6 mice is presented, which replicates many of the early and chronic clinical symptoms of viral encephalitis and subsequent epilepsy in human patients. The clinical evaluation of mice during encephalitis to monitor seizure activity and detect the potential antiseizure effects of novel compounds is described. Furthermore, histopathological consequences of viral encephalitis and seizures such as hippocampal damage and neuroinflammation are shown, as well as long-term consequences such as spontaneous epileptic seizures. The TMEV model is one of the first translational, infection-driven, experimental platforms to allow for the investigation of the mechanisms of epilepsy development as a consequence of CNS infection. Thus, it also serves to identify potential therapeutic targets and compounds for patients at risk of developing epilepsy following a CNS infection.


Background/Aims The rapidity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific memory B or T cell response in vaccinated individuals is important for our understanding of immunopathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We therefore compared the timing of adequate immune responses between the first and booster doses of COVID-19 vaccines in infection-naïve healthcare workers. Methods We enrolled healthcare workers who received two doses of either the BNT162b2 vaccine or the ChAdOx1 vaccine, all of whom received the BNT162b2 vaccine as the booster (the third) dose. Spike 1 (S1)-immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and interferon gamma producing T cell responses were measured at 0, 7, 14, and 21 days after the first dose, and at 0 and between 2 to 7 days after the booster dose. Results After the first-dose vaccination, the S1-IgG antibody responses were elicited within 14 days in the BNT162b2 group and within 21 days in the ChAdOx1 group. After the booster dose, the S1-IgG antibody responses were elicited within 5 days in both groups. The SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses appeared at 7 days after the first dose and at 4 days after the booster dose. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses by memory B cells and T cells may be expected to appear around 4 to 5 days after the booster dose.


In the areas in the declining population, plans how to support and revitalize activities by local residents is becoming more important. This paper reports on working for formulation of Autonomous Area Management Plans. We found that those plans can be effective in the area retaining regional resources and active community. On the other hand, there is a general tendency that the local community tends not to choose ways for medium- and long-term vision. For those reasons, making of multi-layered planning system in the cooperation with other actors can be a future consideration. In the areas in the declining population, plans how to support and revitalize activities by local residents is becoming more important. This paper reports on working for formulation of Autonomous Area Management Plans. We found that those plans can be effective in the area retaining regional resources and active community. On the other hand, there is a general tendency that the local community tends not to choose ways for medium- and long-term vision. For those reasons, making of multi-layered planning system in the cooperation with other actors can be a future consideration.


Mast cells are numerous at anatomical sites close to external environment, virtually at the portals of infection. A few data indicated that these cells express cytoplasmic Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognizing virus-derived molecules. Accordingly, mast cells could participate in anti-viral defense or/and in viral-related diseases. However, data concerning the influence of viruses on mast cell activity are limited. Thus, the aim of our study was to determine mast cell response to TLR7 ligand, i.e. resiquimod (R848), a synthetic mimic of viral ssRNA. Since mast cells play a central role in allergic reactions the effect of TLR7 agonist was also investigated on FcepsilonRI-dependent mast cell response. Experiments were carried out in vitro on freshly isolated fully mature rat peritoneal mast cells. Mast cells exhibit constitutive TLR7 molecule expression and its up-regulation after the agonist challenge. TLR7-mediated mast cell stimulation resulted in cysteinyl leukotriene (cysLT) and interferon (IFN)-beta synthesis, whereas no histamine and CXCL8 secretion was stated. Moreover, mast cell priming with TLR7 ligand caused the reduction in anti-IgE-induced histamine release. The results suggest that ssRNA viruses could directly activate mast cells to alter their phenotype and to release of potent proinflammatory mediators or indirectly modulate IgE-dependent allergic processes.


This paper highlights an experiment to see how standard Monte Carlo Tree Search handles simple co-operative problems with no prior or provided knowledge. These problems are formed from a simple grid world that has a set of goals, doors and buttons as well as walls that cannot be walked through. Two agents have to reach every goal present on the map. For a door to be open, an agent must be present on at least one of the buttons that is linked to it. When laid out correctly, the world requires each agent to do certain things at certain times in order to achieve the goal. With no modification to allow communication between the two agents, Monte Carlo Tress Search performs well and very "purposefully" when given enough computational time.


Global petroleum demand is around 90/mbd of which about 50 percent is consumed in OECD countries. Sri Lanka's petroleum product consumption is minuscule compared with the global demand. The country has long been an import dependent consumer of petroleum products and spends about 24 percent of the import value on them at present (2011). The Ceylon Petroleum Corporation (CPC) has long been a monopoly provider of petroleum products to the local market. However, another player was added to create a duopoly in the petroleum product distribution market in 2003. Several sub sectors of petroleum industry have been liberalized since the 1990s with a view to build a competitive environment in the industry. Emerging trends in the industry indicate that the regulating the country's petroleum industry is an important area of concern. As seen in many other countries, transport sector is the largest consumer of oil in Sri Lanka. CPC was able meet the total petroleum product demand of the country through its only refinery in the 1970s. Petroleum product demand in the country has been rapidly rising since the 1980s. Hence, the largest quantum of petroleum supplies to the local market has to come from imported refined product sources as the supply capacity of the CPC's refinery remained fixed. Ensuring petroleum supply stabilities in a manner to support the ongoing rapid socio-economic transformation of the country has been placed high on the current petroleum policy agenda. Government pricing policy for the industry has been consistent since 2005 in which frequent price adjustments in tandem with international price movements has been abandoned. Various petroleum products including fuel oil for electricity generation have been an area of major concern as those supplies have mostly been subsidized creating difficulties in managing CPC during the last several years. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljda.v4i0.7102 Sri Lanka Journal of Development Administration, Vol. 4, pp. 39-53, 2014


Stationary four-wave mixing in a shifted photorefractive transmission grating formed in cubic gyrotropic crystals of the 23 symmetry is considered in the case of low contrasts of the original optical interference pattern. Expressions for the transmission and reflection coefficients for the phase conjugation of weak light beams in arbitrarily cut samples are obtained by solving exactly the equations for the coupled waves that include the effects of the natural circular birefringence and the linear birefringence induced by the external field. The conditions for the generation of phase-conjugated waves are determined for the mixing at 633 nm in Bi12SiO20 and Bi12SiO20 samples in the case when the grating vector is parallel to the [110] axis and the incident pump waves propagate in the (001) crystal plane and have arbitrary polarisations.


Lisensi: cc-by-sa Through the implementation of the Aswaja learning model in schools, this community service aims to develop Muslims with religiousnationalist personalities.It was carried out in three phases of activities, namely education & outreach, implementation & strengthening and intensive mentoring from March to May 2021 at SMP Darul Faqih Indonesia, Malang Regency. The results of the activity assessment showed a change in Aswaja's attitudes and practices in fostering religious-nationalist values in students. This also has implications for strengthening religious moderation in the school environment. The results of the correlation test of students' attitudes and practices showed a score (R-square: P-value) of 0.126: 0.000, which indicates that this activity has a significant impact. The implementation of the Aswaja learning model is aimed at providing a balanced understanding of religion and nationalism. Strengthening the understanding of religious moderation with a nationalism religious spirit will be an important ingredient in the development of peace culture educationbased schools in Indonesia.


In this paper, we describe a content ontology design pattern to represent objects that can be simple or aggregated. The aggregation relation refers to several objects gathered in another object acting as a whole; all these objects should belong to the same concept in the model.


We have calibrated the 6.5 m James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) mid-infrared (MIR) filters as star formation rate (SFR) indicators, using JWST photometry synthesized from Spitzer spectra of 49 low-redshift galaxies, which cover a wider luminosity range than most previous studies. We use Balmer-decrement-corrected Hα luminosity and synthesized MIR photometry to empirically calibrate the Spitzer, WISE, and JWST filters as SFR indicators. Our Spitzer and WISE calibrations are in good agreement with recent calibrations from the literature. While MIR luminosity may be directly proportional to SFR for high-luminosity galaxies, we find a power-law relationship between MIR luminosity and SFR for low-luminosity galaxies ( ). We find that for galaxies with an Hα luminosity of (corresponding to an SFR of ), the corresponding JWST MIR ν Lν luminosity is between 1040.50 and . Power-law fits of JWST luminosity as a function of Hα luminosity have indices between 1.17 and 1.32. We find that the scatter in the JWST filter calibrations decreases with increasing wavelength from 0.39 to 0.20 dex, although F1000W is an exception where the scatter is just 0.24 dex.


Abstract How well older households manage their wealth holdings is an important determinant of their financial security during retirement, yet little is known about their financial decision-making and how this relates to their financial literacy. Our paper fills this gap by measuring financial literacy among older persons in the Singapore Life Panel and examining its association with timely credit card debt repayment, stock market participation, and age-based investment risk diversification. Most older respondents understand interest compounding and inflation, but fewer than half know about risk diversification. Almost all older credit card holders pay off their balances in a timely manner, but only 40% hold stocks; fewer than 18% with $1000+ in assets hold portfolios consistent with age-appropriate investment glide paths. We further show that a one-unit higher financial literacy score is associated with a greater propensity to timely pay off credit card balances (1.5 ppts), to hold stock (8.3 ppts), and to follow an age-appropriate investment glide path (1.7 ppts).


The Probiotics (Lactic acid bacteria) represent a nutritional live microbial supplement that positively affects host by enhancing the microbial balance. A survey is made of the most relevant studies concerning the use of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of infantile acute diarrhoea (by rotavirus or other agents), pseudomembranous colitis, hospital-acquired and antibiotic-associated diarrhoeas. Although the probiotics mechanism of action is not yet completely understood, it has been hypothesized that they exert an inhibitory effect on the intestinal inflammation by immune response modulation. Due to this property, the use of probiotics has therefore been suggested in other severe diseases such as chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, food allergy, atopic dermatitis and as immunoadjuvant for oral vaccines.


Proteins of the Bowman-Birk inhibitor family of serine proteinase inhibitors interact with the enzymes they inhibit via an exposed surface loop that adopts the canonical proteinase inhibitory conformation. The resulting non-covalent complex renders the proteinase inactive. This inhibition mechanism is common for the majority of serine proteinase inhibitor proteins and many analogous examples are known. A particular feature of the Bowman-Birk inhibitor protein, however, is that the interacting loop is a particularly well-defined disulfide-linked short beta-sheet region. Moreover, synthetic peptides based on this region keep the same structure as the corresponding part of the full sized protein and also retain inhibitory activity. This review describes the background to inhibition by Bowman-Birk inhibitor proteins (and derived peptides) and shows how peptides based on the reactive site can be manipulated in order to generate potent proteinase inhibitors with redirected specificities.


Capacity Analysis of cargo ship loading and unloading services activities at the Maccini Baji Port. This study aimed to describe the Capacity Analysis of cargo ship loading and unloading services activities at the Maccini Baji Port, (1) How Baji Maccini port productivity based on number of loading and unloading cargo, (2) Factors that affect the productivity at the port Maccini Baji, and (3) What advice and recommendations on productivity Maccini port Baji. Stages of the data analysis are: (a) Identify the relationship between the amount of cargo and truck fleet size, the amount of cargo and service time, the amount of cargo and the number of workers unloading; (b) Perform forecasting the amount of cargo to medium term; (c) Count the number of truck fleet needs, service time, and the number of workers unloading based on the equation in the first step, based on the results of load forecasting; (d) Compare the service charge using the launch system and by using a mobile crane. The results showed that, the amount of service time available for 5,610 hours/year, truck payload capacity of 49,500 tons/year, and the number of loading and unloading labor (labor) of 9,900 people/year. Projections charge in 2020 amounted to 106,632 tonnes, for the medium term (2024) amounted to 292,291, and for the long term (2029) amounted to 858,913. Total fleet needs (truck) for a long term (10 years) as many as 28,764 trucks / year.


BACKGROUND
First-bite syndrome (FBS) is a rare complication that occurs after patients undergo parapharyngeal space surgery. Characteristically, inadvertent ablation of the parotid gland's sympathetic innervation results in the development of severe parotid gland-area pain at the first bite of food.

CASE DESCRIPTION
The authors evaluated a patient who underwent parapharyngeal surgery for cervical schwannoma. This surgery involved the sympathetic chain's superior cervical ganglion (SCG). With destruction of the SCG, the patient developed FBS and Horner syndrome.

CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Destruction of the SCG or the sympathetic postganglionic supply to the parotid gland causes severe parotid pain when food is first introduced into the mouth. The absence of discomfort during mechanical joint movements helps dentists differentiate this pain from myofascial pain or pain caused by temporomandibular dysfunction. The frequent presence of Horner syndrome also facilitates diagnosis.


Neoadjuvant chemotherapy refers to the administration of chemotherapy before definitive surgery is performed; this approach was introduced into the management of ovarian cancer approximately one decade ago, initially for use in women who were medically unable to tolerate aggressive cytoreductive surgery. Subsequently, neoadjuvant chemotherapy was employed in women who, by diagnostic imaging analysis, were unlikely to undergo successful optimal cytoreductive surgery. Only very limited data are available on the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the management of women with apparent advanced ovarian cancer; these data are derived mainly from single institution experiences and suggest that this approach may increase disease-free survival but does not improve overall survival for the patient. However, it has consistently enhanced the feasibility of optimum surgical cytoreduction once neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been administered. Reduced blood loss, and shorter operations, intensive care unit stays and overall hospitalizations have been well documented. The methods for selecting candidates for neoadjuvant chemotherapy vary among institutions. Non-optimal surgical cytoreducibility has been assessed on the basis of diagnostic imaging studies, laparoscopic assessment and/or laparotomies. Currently, neoadjuvant chemotherapy is most beneficial for women who are medically impaired and unable to tolerate aggressive cytoreductive surgery and for women who are found to have such aggressive cancers that optimal cytoreductive surgery does not appear by diagnostic imaging or direct visualization to be possible.


There is, nowadays, a conspicuous demand for the high rise buildings in the high-density dwellings of the urban areas; in consequence, harnessing the whiz-bang numerical simulations plus conducting the rigorous experimental studies so as to design and construct such prodigious structures would be essential. Thus, the appropriate parameters for modeling the structure and the soil medium in the SoilStructure Interaction (SSI) system should be selected. The soil-structure interaction is referred to the process in which the soil response is told on by the structure motion whilst the latter is affected by the soil motion. The current research zeroed in on the soil shear wave velocity and its influence on the superstructure performance. Invoking the weighted average shear wave velocity with the aim of calculating the soil shear modulus, which is closely related to the strength and deformation characteristics of the soil, has been a hotly debated issue since the aforesaid parameter was posited by a plethora of codes and regulations to obtain the soil site classification required for the earthquake design. To that end, the numerical model, having two assorted profiles associated with the shear wave velocity, namely, the in situ non-uniform profile (Case A) and the equivalent uniform profile (Case B), was built by means of FLAC3D, capable of analyzing the complex interaction issues via the direct method whereby the entire system of the structure-foundation-soil is modeled and analyzed in one single step. To put it in a nutshell, employing the weighted average shear wave velocity for the entire soil mass in parsing of the 3D seismic soil-structure interaction problems would be accused for ending up with somewhat unreliable results, e.g., underestimated drift ratio and building deformation, which might be the culprit of the damage to the building and possibly the death of the residents residing in the earthquake-prone zones.


Tissue oxygenation in the gastrointestinal tract was studied in a porcine model in which septic shock was induced by fecal peritonitis. The oxygen delivered was estimated by measuring the portal venous blood flow and the calculated arterial oxygen saturation. The oxygen consumption of the gut, including the pancreas and spleen, was monitored by measuring the portal venous blood flow and the difference between the calculated arterial oxygen and the measured portal venous oxygen saturation. In addition, the oxygenation of the gut mucosa was followed via the tonometric technique. Furthermore, lactate was measured in arterial and portal blood. The experimental animals were divided into two groups, one control (n = 6) and one experimental (n = 6). Peritonitis was introduced by installation of a standardized amount of autologous feces into the abdominal cavity. The animals were followed for 5 hr. Very early during the course of sepsis there was a fall in gut intramucosal pH (pHi), and this was evident before any reduction in splanchnic DO2. Furthermore, an early increase in splanchnic VO2 was evident simultaneously with the fall in pHi. Arterial pH and lactate were not able to detect the inadequate regional tissue oxygenation. It is concluded that pHi measured with the tonometric technique is sensitive in detecting gut mucosal ischemia, and it is therefore highly likely that tonometry would be a valuable method in monitoring severe ill patients.


Natural killer (NK) cells are large granular lymphocytes of the innate immune system that exert a potent function against infected and tumor cells. Although NK cells were originally defined by their capacity to lyse target cells and produce interferon-gamma without prior activation, recent studies showed that NK cells also display a potent regulatory function. They are activated or inhibited through the ligation of germline-encoded receptors and are involved in mediating cytotoxicity, producing cytokines and providing costimulation to cells of the adaptive immune system. NK cells play important roles in viral infections, autoimmunity, pregnancy, cancer and bone marrow transplantation, but little is known about the role of NK cells in allergy. Recent developments in the understanding of the role of human NK cells in allergy are overviewed.


This paper analyses how, despite the universalist and inclusive vocation of secularism, this has become the main argument for the exclusion of Muslim religious practices, with the consequent limitation of individual liberties. Thus, an institution thought as a procedure to guarantee the equality of the citizens through the differentiation between the political and religious spheres becomes a feature that defines the identity of Europe and that it is necessary to defend against the accommodation demands raised by Muslim immigrants. Obviously, it is not possible to establish a cause-effect relationship, but the climate of hostility towards the cultural difference spread by the entry into several European polities of radical right parties, clearly hostile to Islam and Muslims, could be influencing, in some way, the political orientation of European governments in this regard.Received: 17 December 2017Accepted: 8 May 2018Published online: 31 October 2018


: Carnitine metabolism was investigated in 52 normal children aged 1 day to 15 years. Plasma carnitine concentration averaged 83,8 +/- 6,2 (SE) microM, with no age related variation, while both alimentary intake and excretion increased linearly with growth. Carnitine clearance reaches mature levels soon after birth (0.058 +/- 0.007 ml/kg/min). Carnitine intake is significantly higher than excretion only in the first 5 years of life, a fact which suggests a primary role for diet in the supply of carnitine during this period.


This paper focuses on the influence of maternal nutrition on infant survival and growth and on subsequent fertility. During pregnancy, modifications in the maternal hormonal system help maintain availability of nutrients to the fetus relatively independently of maternal nutrition. When maternal dietary deficiencies reach critical levels, the effectiveness of these mechanisms in maintaining fetal nutrition decreases. Studies have confirmed the correlation of severe maternal malnutrition and lowered birth weight, neurological disorders, impaired physical growth, mental retardation, and poor school performance. Marginal nutritional status affects milk production capacity. The basis of most recommendations for lactating mothers is that the average mother produces 850 ml of milk each day. Depending on the anticipatory reserves of fat from pregnancy still available and the level of physical activity of the mother, from 2750 to 3300 Kcal/day may be needed. When the mother's energy intake is good, milk fat resembles that of her dietary fat, but when there is a shortage of food energy, the milk fatty acid pattern resembles the mother's subcutaneous fat stores. The lactose content and overall protein content of milk seem stable despite changes in the maternal diet, but the vitamin content, particularly water soluble vitamins, is very sensitive to dietary intake. Birth weight has consistently been found to be associated with infant mortality through 2 main mechanisms: maternal malnutrition may lead to a smaller placental size and decreased nutrient supply to the fetus, resulting in developmental retardation during intrauterine life, or maternal malnutrition may result in suboptimal lactation performance which will contribute to malnutrition and growth retardation of the child. Maternal nutritional status has an independent effect on the duration of postpartum amenorrhea. Improving maternal diet without concurrently introducing contraception may shorten the birth interval and consequently elevate the birthrate.


Abstract : Optical measurements of the structure parameters of temperature (CT2), humidity (CQ2) and temperature-humidity (CTQ) were attempted at 0.94 micron, 10.7 micron (C02 laser) and 337 micron (HCN laser), but owing to various instrumental problems no measurement of CQ2 and CTQ could be achieved. In situ measurements of the same parameters were more successful. Two techniques of measuring structure parameters are compared: by using spaced sensors, and by time-lagging one sensor. In this way the expected r to the 2/3 power dependency of the structure parameter could be checked (r equal distance between sensors, either by spacing or by time-lagging). From the connection between structure parameters and spectra, evidence of an inertial subrange for the temperature-humidity cospectrum is found. Special attention is paid to the use of Ly-alpha hygrometry for measuring structure parameters involving humidity. Finally, relations between the structure parameters CT2 and CQ2, and the fluxes of heat and moisture are discussed; an effect of atmospheric stability was not detectable for -z/L0.02. (Author)


This paper deals with the design, construction, and setting up of a measurement apparatus, based on an architecture using two parallel digital signal processors (DSP's), for on-line fault detection in electric and electronic devices. In the proposed architecture, the first DSP monitors a device output on-line in order to detect faults, whereas the second DSP estimates and updates the system-model parameters in real-time in order to track their eventual drifts. The problems which arose when the proposed apparatus was applied to a single-phase inverter are discussed, and some of the experimental results obtained in fault and nonfault conditions are reported.


Nonlinear wave modulation (NWM) is a nonlinear health monitoring technique that al-lows for the early detection of minor faults and damages. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel, low-cost and portable device to improve the damage index (DI) in the NWM. 2D spectral finite element method is used to model the electromechanical coupling between piezoelectric patches, an inductor and a structure in a feasibility study. In the simulation, an inductor is attached to each actuator to compare the results with those without an inductor. A specific inductance value is selected for the piezoelectric transducer to achieve resonance, which results in an increased voltage amplitude. A circuit that is inexpensive and portable has been designed and implemented. The results of two experimental setups, an aluminum beam with boundary loosening and a sandwich panel with bolt loosening as damage, are compared with those of the NWM without an inductor. The average of sidebands as a DI is then compared for various frequency combinations using the two NWM techniques i.e. with and without an inductor.


The DSM-5 Personality and Personality Disorders Work Group released the final proposed changes for the upcoming manual in May 2012. The proposal, located at www.dsm5.org , included a hybrid dimensional/categorical method of diagnosing personality disorders. This brief article examines the reference section of the DSM-5 personality disorder proposal rationale (American Psychiatric Association, 2012). The authors counted the number of authors and the coauthorships; coauthorship patterns were then examined and diagramed. The data suggested that a group of researchers involved with the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study (CLPS) were central to the hybrid classification created by the DSM-5 work group.


In the vast majority of nations across the globe, coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of mortality. It is among the most widely recognized global health concerns affecting both sexes. The worldwide impact of CAD is severe, and its consequences are particularly pronounced in countries with higher incidence rates. In Western nations, myocardial infarction outcomes are often linked to socioeconomic status, with those in lower socioeconomic positions disproportionately affected by the burden of this disease. Given the high rates of morbidity and mortality associated with acute myocardial infarction (MI), this condition continues to be a major focus of cardiovascular therapy. The present study sheds new light on the issue, as the findings differ from previous research due to demographic, nutritional, and lifestyle differences. The dissemination of these findings to the medical community will be critical to informing future research and better understanding how to recognize and treat hyperuricemia in ACS patients. This study has important implications for public health policy and clinical practice. By improving our understanding of the complex interplay between socioeconomic factors and cardiovascular health, we can develop more targeted interventions and improve outcomes for those at the highest risk of CAD and related conditions. This study was performed at the Cardiology Department of Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar for six months, from 19th July 2022 to 19th January 2023. It was a cross-sectional study in which 360 male and female patients aged between 30-60 years were included with acute coronary syndrome. Clinical history, physical examination, and laboratory investigations, including troponin test and ECG results, were adequately monitored. At the time of admission, all patients' blood samples were collected and biochemically analyzed to determine serum uric acid (SUA) levels at Khyber Teaching Hospital. Men with uric acid levels over 7 mg/dl and women with uric acid levels exceeding 6 mg/dl have hyperuricemia. This study reveals a mean age of 52 years with a SD ±11.74. 63 % of patients were male, and 37% were female. Moreover, 35% of patients had hyperuricemia, and 65% didn't. Our study concludes that the frequency of hyperuricemia was 35% in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome to the Cardiology Department of Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar.


Summary.  The Haemophilia Utilization Group Study (HUGS) was created 10 years ago to examine the annual utilization and cost of haemophilia‐related healthcare services. Retrospective chart reviews for 336 patients with haemophilia A receiving treatment in one of five comprehensive haemophilia treatment centres (HTCs) during 1995 were completed through interview of the provider. This method provided adequate collection of data from patient charts without the abstractor having direct access to patient health information. Utilization data were used to impute the costs of different components of care (e.g. physician visits, factor VIII concentrate, emergency room, hospitalization). The total annual cost of care was $139 102 (SD $304 033). Factor VIII concentrate costs comprised the largest proportion of these costs; mean factor VIII concentrate use was 128 517 units per patient per year. Unbilled physician utilization accounted for 7.8% of the mean total physician costs per annum, while mean allied healthcare costs accounted for 33.5% of the total annual allied healthcare costs per patient. In the ordinary least‐squares regression model, higher costs were associated with severe factor VIII deficiency, arthropathy, more comorbid conditions, an inhibitor to factor VIII concentrate, infusing through a port and prophylaxis. Although factor VIII concentrate is the most costly component, the treatment of haemophilia uses many healthcare resources. HUGS has demonstrated that patient clinical characteristics and physician practices predominantly drive the costs of haemophilia care. Specifically, patients with more severe arthropathy had greater healthcare costs. As future funding decisions are made, it is important to provide for all components of care.


A hybrid subpicosecond system based on a Yb:KYW laser and a Yb fibre amplifier made by using the GTWave technology is studied. The system pumped by the 980-nm, 12-W cw radiation emits 0.9-ps, 40-nJ pulses at a pulse repetition rate of 100 MHz and an average power of 4 W. The central emission wavelength of the system can be tuned in the pulsed regime from 1038 to 1053 nm and from 1030 to 1070 nm in the cw regime. The gain of the Yb fibre GTWave amplifier is measured for the first time within the tuning range of the Yb:KYW laser.


A four-layered forest geometry with two anisotropic slabs representing canopy and trunk is used for the investigation of wave characteristics in a forest environment. Propagation of radio waves is examined in which the transmitter is embedded inside the canopy layer, while the receiving point is located in the trunk layer. Dyadic Green's functions in their eigenfunction expansion forms for planarly layered anisotropic media are applied to analyze this problem. The analytical close forms of these electric fields are then obtained by using the saddle point techniques and branch cut integrations in the complex plane, and hence, expressed in terms of direct waves, multiple reflected waves, and lateral waves. Propagation mechanisms of these waves are studied and radio losses in a typical forest are calculated numerically.


There is small percentage of women in labor force in Iraq, despite their high proportion of the population. The matter explains this phenomena is the nature of the rentier economy and neglecting of state institutions as a whole to create a work environment ready to motivate and encourage women in different their lives stages on paid work and continue to do by their whole activity. This ratio of productivity work force declines and enhances the role of Iraqi oil sector in economy movement resulted in creation weak economy depends on increases or decreases of growth rate occurs in oil revenues, in other words on the fluctuations in global oil prices. To get rid of the consumption pattern of population over the age of 15 at the expense of style production distinguishes developing countries in general and Iraq in particular, there is a set of procedures operating on optimum utilization of human capital contribute to change the course of the economy towards sustainable development requirements of justice in the distribution of income and achievement high savings rates also investment product for new job opportunities while maintaining the ability of future generations to achieve development. One of these procedures enacting laws, amending and cancelling other laws, commensurate with achieving increasing the productivity of the bulk of the workforce goal besides the use of the budget gender-sensitive and public procurement policies to eliminate unequal access to economic resources between males and females.


Magnetic moments of the positive parity 70-plet baryons are estimated in the framework of
the nonrelativistic quark model and QCD sum rules method. It is found that the magnetic
moments of the 70-plet baryons can be expressed in terms of the F and D couplings and exhibit
unitary symmetry. The QCD sum rules for the magnetic moments of the 70-plet octet baryons
are formulated. A comparison of our results on magnetic moments of 56-plet and 70-plet baryons
predicted from QCD sum rules is presented.


A facile method to prepare a hydrophilic/hydrophobic metal surface by metal-binding peptide was proposed in this article. Metal-binding peptide sequenced NLNPNTASAMHV was taken as the target peptide to interact with stainless steel. The surface morphology, roughness and Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that some changes occurred on the modified stainless steel surface. Not only were the surfaces coarser but also some organic groups appeared on the modified sample surfaces. By comparing the CAs of all the samples, the most suitable concentration of peptide and treating time were determined. A new and facile way to endow some metals surfaces with hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity has been developed, which is useful especially for antibiofouling.


Overlapping suppletion, where two or more lexemes share identical forms taken from one of them, interacts in surprising ways with periphrasis. Based on evidence from dialectal data from Gallo-Romance varieties, the paper aims to study the interaction between the two. The first four sections describe the patterns of overlapping suppletion found to occur between the verbs 'be', 'have' and 'go' in Gallo-Romance varieties. Some theoretical conclusions are drawn, which show that incursion is directional for good historical reasons, on which semantics plays an important role, in particular paradigmatically local synonymy (see Maiden 2014 ). By examining periphrastic forms, a distinction can be made between overlapping suppletion that only targets the stem, that which only targets a wordform (participle), and that which targets the whole inflectional cell. All three situations are shown to be possible. A number of splits within periphrasis in these varieties call for considering periphrastic tenses as part of the paradigm in their whole extensions, not only as far as their lexical part (here the participle) is concerned.


Ambient Assisted Living is pushing the development of innovative wireless monitoring solutions. Most of the available solutions are based on well known wireless communication standards, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or ZigBee. Moreover, there are also a few proprietary solutions, including those designed specifically for biomedical monitoring applications. The success of those solutions depends on many factors, and power autonomy is one key issue, since system recharging requires the user to temporarily remove the device. In this paper, we evaluate the autonomy of three different wireless modules, proposed for use on Ambient Assisted Living applications. We present the measured and expected autonomy for modules built from off-the-shelf components to assess its suitability for real scenario applications. From the results, it is evident that may be worthless to design extremely low power acquisition electronics, sacrificing the acquisition performance, when the main power consumption comes from the wireless subsystem that, which is one order of magnitude higher.


A highly compact two-dimensional graphical representation of protein sequences, namely, UC-Curve, is presented by assigning amino acids to the circumference of a unit circle with a cyclic order. UC-Curves can visually reveal general composition features of protein sequences, and roughly exhibit major differences among similar protein sequences. Geometric center vectors of UC-Curves and Euclidean distances are extracted, respectively, to analyze pairwise similarities/dissimilarities between two different families of proteins. Comparative results demonstrate the robustness of the technique and show that UC-Curves could help to inference reasonable phylogenetic relationships with relatively less computational cost. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


A K-band distributed frequency doubler is developed in 0.18 mum CMOS technology. This doubler combines the distributed topology for broadband characteristics and current-reuse technique to improve the conversion gain. The high-pass drain line and high-pass inter-stage matching network are used to obtain a good fundamental rejection. A measured conversion gain of better than -12.3 -dB is obtained, and the fundamental rejection is better than 30 dB for the output frequency between 18 and 26 GHz. The dc power consumption is 10.5 mW with a chip size of 0.55 times 0.5 mm2.


Fossil tracks are important palaeobiological data sources. The quantitative analysis of their shape, however, has been hampered by their high variability and lack of discrete margins and landmarks. We here present the first approach using deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) to study fossil tracks, overcoming the limitations of previous statistical approaches. We employ a DCNN to discriminate between theropod and ornithischian dinosaur tracks based on a total of 1372 outline silhouettes. The DCNN consistently outperformed human experts on an independent test set. We also used the DCNN to classify tracks of a large tridactyl trackmaker from Lark Quarry, Australia, the identity of which has been subject to intense debate. The presented approach can only be considered a first step towards the wider application of machine learning in fossil track research, which is not limited to classification problems. Current limitations, such as the subjectivity and information loss inherent in interpretive outlines, may be overcome in the future by training neural networks on three-dimensional models directly, though this will require an increased uptake in digitization among workers in the field.


Physicians and paramedical personnel often find the early diagnosis and differentiation of obstructive airway diseases to be a challenging problem. The history and physical examination are often not enough to allow the physician to detect either the presence of, or determine the type of, disease present. Patterns of pulmonary function abnormality to determine the presence of obstructive or restrictive defects are discussed. Guidelines useful in the differentiation of obstructive airway diseases are presented. Once a patient with COAD is assessed, the physician needs to outline a therapeutic program after establishing goals with the patient. These goals include (1) improved ability for the patient to achieve relief from symptoms and (2) improved capacity to carry out the activities of daily living. The therapeutic modalities available for the comprehensive care of patients with COAD are discussed. These include general factors such as patient and family education, avoidance of smoking and other inhaled irritants, avoidance of infection, a minimum stress environment, high fluid intake, and proper nutrition. The appropriate use of the medications most commonly employed in the teatment of these patients, eg, bronchodilators, expectorants, antimicrobials, corticosteroids, cromolyn, digitalis, and diuretics, are individually discussed. The use of such respiratory therapy techniques as aerosol therapy, intermittent positive pressure breathing, and oxygen therapy are considered. Application of the specialty of rehabilitation medicine to patients with obstructive airway disease is described. This includes physical therapy with breathing retraining, clapping and postural drainage, and exercise reconditioning, occupational therapy with attention to energy conservation in activities of daily living, psychological considerations, and vocational rehabilitation. Definite benefits that can be demonstrated if the physician employs this type of systematic respiratory care program include a decrease in the frequency and duration of hospital admissions, socioeconomic gains from reduced hospitalizations, a reduction in anxiety, depression and somatic concern, the return of patients to positions of employment and the establishment of a better quality of life. Persistence in making sure the patient continues in a systematic program, including both pharmacological and nonpharmacological modalities, may be the means of assuring maintenance or even improvement in his health. The day-to-day treatment for the majority of patients should remain in the hands of the primary physician. However, community resources must be established to allow the primary physician to provide these patients with adequate comprehensive respiratory care. Development of three levels of care (the primary physician, community respiratory rehabilitation units, and the regional respiratory center) should make superior respiratory care available to every patient with obstructive airway disease.


The migration‐inducing abilities of both synthetic lipoxin A4 (LXA4) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) for rainbow trout neutrophils were examined with an in vitro assay. LXA4 caused enhanced migration of these cells with a three‐ to fourfold greater response than that observed toward LTB4 at most concentrations tested. Checkerboard assays showed that synthetic LXA4 was chemokinetic for trout leukocytes, while LTB4 was chemotactic. The chemokinetic ability of LX synthesized by rainbow trout macrophages maintained in short‐term culture was also determined. These cells produced both 4‐and 5‐series LX, namely LXA4, LXA5, 11‐trans‐LXA4, 11‐trans‐LXA 5 , 7‐cis‐11‐trans‐LXA4 and 6(S)‐LXA4. Although greater migration was found to LXA4 than to most of the other 4‐series positional isomers, at least at some concentrations, this did not exhibit the degree of stereospecificity previously reported in some studies for mammalian leukocytes. Little difference was found between the chemokinetic responses of rainbow trout leukocytes to 4‐ and 5‐series LX. These findings suggest that LXs are important migration‐inducing molecules in trout and have a relatively long evolutionary history.


Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA

Introduction: Overexpression of the c-Met oncoprotein can enhance invasive tumor behavior and is correlated with poor prognosis. MSC2156119J, a highly selective, ATP-competitive, reversible c-Met inhibitor, suppresses tumor growth and induces regression of HGF-dependent and -independent tumors in preclinical models. Methods: This dose-escalation phase I trial (3+3 design) included patients with advanced solid tumors ([NCT01014936][1]). The primary endpoint was to assess the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Secondary endpoints included safety, antitumor activity, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (Pd). Patients were treated once a day with oral MSC2156119J in 21-day cycles: days 1-14 followed by 7 days rest (regimen [R] 1), 3 times per week (R2), or continuously day 1-21 (R3). An optimized formulation was introduced in Aug 2011. Results: Up to Sep 30, 2013, data were available for 125 patients (R1=42; R2=45; R3=38). Doses were escalated from 30-230 mg/day in R1 and 30-115 mg/day in R2 with the initial formulation, and from 30-400 mg/day in R1, 60-315 mg/day in R2, and 300-1400 mg/day in R3 with the optimized formulation. Bioavailability was higher with the optimized formulation; AUC and Cmax increased with dose. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were reported in 6 patients: asymptomatic G4 lipase and G3 amylase increase (R1; 115 mg/day), asymptomatic G3 lipase increase (R2; 60 and 100 mg/day optimized formulation), G3 nausea and vomiting (R2; 130 mg/day optimized formulation), G3 ALT elevation (R3; 1000 mg/day optimized formulation), and G3 fatigue (R3; 1400 mg/day optimized formulation). Additional ≥G3 drug-related adverse events (AEs) included G3 peripheral edema (1 patient; R3; 300 mg/day optimized formulation), and G3 AST elevation (1 patient; R3; 1000 mg/day optimized formulation). Most frequent G2 drug-related AEs (R1-3) included fatigue (n=8), peripheral edema (n=3), vomiting (n=3), nausea (n=2), asymptomatic lipase elevation (n=2), and neutropenia (n=2). Most patients (80%) had no drug-related AE >G1. In 19/21 evaluable patients, paired tumor biopsies (pre- and on-therapy) revealed phospho-c-Met inhibition. One patient (esophageal adenocarcinoma) achieved confirmed partial response (PR); 2 patients (nasopharyngeal and colorectal carcinoma) had unconfirmed PRs. Eighteen patients had stable disease ≥4 mo, including 1 patient with stable disease >32 mo. Based on preclinical PK/Pd models and clinical Pd data, a dose of 500 mg was considered biologically active and sufficient to achieve target inhibition of ≥95%. Conclusions: MSC2156119J showed antitumor activity and was well tolerated. An MTD has not yet been reached at the doses explored. 500 mg once/day was defined as the recommended phase II dose. Additional Pd and biomarker data will be presented, including c-Met IHC from baseline and on-treatment biopsies, and baseline Met FISH.

Citation Format: Gerald S. Falchook, David S. Hong, Hesham M. Amin, Siqing Fu, Sarina Anne Piha-Paul, Filip Janku, J. Gabrielle Granda, HongXia Zheng, Manfred B. Klevesath, Karola Kohler, Friedhelm Bladt, Andreas Johne, Razelle Kurzrock. MSC2156119J (EMD 1214063), an oral selective c-Met inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors: results of the first-in-human phase I trial. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr CT236. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-CT236

 [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT01014936&atom=%2Fcanres%2F74%2F19_Supplement%2FCT236.atom


A virus, Mr Anderson. Human beings are a disease, a cancer of this planet.' [Agent Smith to Neo, The Matrix, 1999, The Wachowski Brothers] What can human evolutionary biogeography tell us about conservation or sustainability and therefore why should readers of Oryx be interested in this book? For two reasons: understanding the past is never analogous with predicting the future but this book provides elegant, accessible evidence for why, when and how humans spread over the face of the planet, and secondly it illustrates the risks that invasive species (e.g. humanity) pose to the survival of indigenous species as well as to themselves. Alexander Harcourt has written a history of humanity's peopling of the globe, integrating the ethnographic with the ecological. The theoretical basis of the book is that physical, physiological and cultural adaptations among humans result from selection in the context of local environments. Harcourt is careful not to equate physical diversity among humans with selection for genetic variation; he discusses traits of culture (using language, which will no doubt strike cultural evolutionists as simplistic) as a means of illustrating spatially or geographically shared traits rather than causal modes of selection. As a synthesis of human evolution alongside historical and modern distributions and current adaptations, this book brings together the evolutionary/ biological nature of humans with their behavioural practices—where and how we live. The book is phylogenetically comprehensive, moving in Part I from the biogeography of primates to 'out of Africa' dispersals of early Homo and then subsequent journeys of Homo sapiens to various new worlds. Recent genetic and archaeological evidence for the peopling of the Pacific is summed up as 'the situation is . . . complex'—as is true of many of Harcourt's arguments—but he makes an excellent effort to untangle complexities such as why genes linked to men and women seem to have moved differently and distinctly. Chapter 3 (Climate and hominin evolution and dispersal) can be read as an example of how to critically and statistically integrate fossil and archaeological evidence with changing climates over evolutionary time. In Part II, interactions between humans and their environments that result in adaptations—to temperature, climate, elevation, nutrition and pathogens—and that influence our population sizes and structures, are set out. When and why these effects (e.g. Bergman's and Allen's rules, which predict size and shape adaptations to cold and latitude) operate in human populations are covered in detail. Chapter 6 (Use of area) has an excellent discussion of island miniaturization and includes the vexed Homo floresiensis of Indonesia as an example of our lack of understanding of the nature of human adaptability or of the processes of island biogeography. This chapter exemplifies the challenges posed by Harcourt: how do we start to rethink our explanations for human (linguistic, cultural) diversity on the basis of the biology of non-humans? Biogeography of variation in human diets is covered in Chapter 7, using examples of genetic markers for highly derived and specialized enzymatic capacities for digestion, along with some of the problems that ensue for the metabolism of prescription drugs. This chapter could have been expanded as there are potential implications for meeting human nutritional needs in the future. Part II is a comprehensive, interesting and well-structured approach to human biology as well as human distributions and numbers. The final part covers the way human cultures compete, expand and go extinct, and the logic of these arguments is extended to the species that threaten humans (pests, parasites, pathogens), and the ways humans threaten others. This is a concise section, which could easily have been expanded into another book, but the focus remains on key elements of evolutionary significance, both for humans and the other species we have wiped out or transplanted along our way. Throughout this book a lay reader will find much of general evolutionary and ecological interest, while a specialist will also appreciate the excellent diagrams which re-figure in an accessible fashion data that are scattered throughout a voluminous literature (as evidence, the reference list is 56 pages and 861 separate articles and books!). Harcourt should be congratulated on writing a lucid book of such compelling general interest that should spark further interdisciplinary efforts to understand the human organism in its natural and socially constructed environment.


The use of a high-resistivity substrate extends the capability of standard digital CMOS technology to enable the integration of high-performance RF passive components. The impact of substrate resistivity on the key components of RF CMOS for system-on-chip (SoC) applications is discussed. The comparison includes the transistor, transmission line, inductor, capacitor and varactor, as well as the noise isolation. We also discuss the integration issues including latch-up and well-well isolation in a 0.35-/spl mu/m Cu metal pitch, 0.1-/spl mu/m-gate-length RF CMOS technology.


A technique is verified for mapping the exhaust emission levels of a diesel engine during transient operation. Particulate matter, oxides of nitrogen, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide emissions were sampled for discrete segment of various transient cycles. Each cycle consisted of four distinct segments. The discrete segments are described by average engine conditions, rate of change variables, and segment length. Regression analysis was used to develop equations relating the emission levels during each segment to the engine parameters. The regression equations were then used to obtain estimates of composite emission levels of several complex transient cycles that were subsequently tested. These cycles included the EPA heavy-duty transient cycle and two simulated heavy-duty cycles developed for underground mine vehicles. Comparison of the predicted and measured cycle emissions are made for the EPA heavy duty cycle and the simulated mine cycles. Good agreement was obtained between the predicted and measured emission levels.


Pediatric Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas (NHL) are a diverse group of malignancies and as such treatment can vary based on the different biological characteristics of each malignancy. Significant advancements are being made in the treatment and outcomes of this group of malignancies. This is in large part due to novel targeted drug therapies that are being used in combination with traditional chemotherapy. Here, we discuss several new lines of therapy that are being developed or are in current use for pediatric patients with NHL.


A switchless bank of three tunable bandpass filters is demonstrated which can be used as a triplexer over a large tuning range. Three high Q narrow-band evanescent-mode cavity filters are integrated in a single substrate using an input feed-line network to achieve multi-band operation. Using shorted feed-lines for magnetic field coupling allows the out of band impedance to be dominated by the reactance of the feed-lines. The feed-lines are then designed to have high out of band impedance over the tuning range. A three-way switchless filter bank is presented in the 1.7 GHz–3.4 GHz range maintaining less than 4 dB loss for 14 MHz-31 MHz 3-dB bandwidth over most of the tuning range. The filter bank is fabricated in one low-loss Rogers TMM3 substrate using standard PCB processing, and commercially available 0.5mm thick piezoelectric actuators are used for the electrical tuning.


By introducing money and foreign exchanges in the Zou (1997) model of mercantilism, the paper shows the effects of macroeconomic policies in mercantilist economies. It is shown that in the long run, consumption and foreign asset accumulation increases as a result of stronger mercantilist sentiments, permanent increases in the consumption tax, increases in the monetary growth rate and purchases of foreign bonds. In the short run, however, macroeconomic disturbances including the mercantilist sentiments, the monetary growth rate, and the consumption tax have negative effects on current consumption and positive effects on current foreign asset accumulation, while purchasing foreign bonds has positive effects on both current consumption and current foreign asset accumulation. The theoretical explorations may provide a theoretical structure for hoarding international reserves and export-led growth strategy utilized by emerging market economies.


This paper presents a constant-time implementation of Classic McEliece for ARM Cortex-M4. Specifically, our target platform is stm32f4-Discovery, a development board on which the amount of SRAM is not even large enough to hold the public key of the smallest parameter sets of Classic McEliece. Fortunately, the flash memory is large enough, so we use it to store the public key. For the level-1 parameter sets mceliece348864 and mceliece348864f, our implementation takes 582 199 cycles for encapsulation and 2 706 681 cycles for decapsulation. Compared to the level-1 parameter set of FrodoKEM, our encapsulation time is more than 80 times faster, and our decapsulation time is more than 17 times faster. For the level-3 parameter sets mceliece460896 and mceliece460896f, our implementation takes 1 081 335 cycles for encapsulation and 6 535 186 cycles for decapsulation. In addition, our implementation is also able to carry out key generation for the level-1 parameter sets and decapsulation for level-5 parameter sets on the board.


Particle swarm methods are inspired from the dynamics of social interaction and employ information sharing to seek solutions to difficult optimisation problems. In this paper we introduce an approach that combines ideas from particle swarm optimisation (PSO) and the theory of nonextensive statistical mechanics. We develop two algorithms that adopt this approach and conduct an experimental study using benchmark functions to investigate their effectiveness in nonlinear optimisation. Results appear to be promising, as the tested algorithms outperform in most cases the standard PSO and other, recently proposed, PSO variants.


Prediction markets, also known as information or decision markets, are designed to forecast future events or trends. Internet-based prediction markets can easily aggregate the insights of an unlimited number of potentially knowledgeable people asynchronously. The Tech Buzz Game - a joint venture between Yahoo! Research Labs and O'Reilly Media - is a fantasy prediction market launched in March 2005 at the O'Reilly Emerging Technology (ETech) Conference. The game consists of multiple sub-markets that pit a handful of rival technologies, each represented by a stock, against one another. The game's object is to anticipate future search buzz and buy and sell stocks accordingly. Thus, a player who believes BitTorrent stock is undervalued might buy shares, while a player who thinks BitTorrent is overpriced might sell the stock or instead purchase shares in a competing peer-to-peer technology. The Tech Buzz Game serves two key research-oriented goals. One is to evaluate the power of prediction markets to forecast high-tech trends. The other goal of the Tech Buzz Game is to field test the dynamic pari-mutuel market, a Yahoo! Research Labs trading mechanism designed to price and allocate shares.


BackgroundAs more patients use Internet resources for health information, there is increasing interest in evaluating the readability of available online materials. The National Institutes of Health and American Medical Association recommend that patient educational content be written at a sixth-grade reading level. This study evaluates the most popular online resources for information about mastopexy relative to average adult literacy in the United States. MethodsThe 12 most popular sites returned by the largest Internet search engine were identified using the search term "breast lift surgery." Relevant articles from the main sites were downloaded and formatted into text documents. Pictures, captions, links, and references were excluded. The readability of these 100 articles was analyzed overall and subsequently by site using 10 established readability tests. Subgroup analysis was performed for articles discussing the benefits of surgery and those focusing on risks. ResultsThe overall average readability of online patient information was 13.3 (range, 11.1–15). There was a range of average readability scores overall across the 12 sites from 8.9 to 16.1, suggesting that some may be more appropriate than others for patient demographics with different health literacy levels. Subgroup analysis revealed that articles discussing the risks of mastopexy were significantly harder to read (mean, 14.1) than articles about benefits (11.6). ConclusionsPatient-directed articles from the most popular online resources for mastopexy information are uniformly above the recommended reading level and likely too difficult to be understood by a large number of patients in the United States.


Taking a positive psychology approach, this research looked at a little-studied subset of working women and men those who experienced changes affecting their work and self-reported as handling them well. The primary purpose was to explore what strategies they employed that helped them handle change well, what hindered doing well, and whether there were things that would have been helpful but were unavailable. There were two secondary purposes: (1) to gain insight into the nature of the changes they had faced, the impacts of those changes, whether they had always handled change well, and if not, when that changed and why; and (2) to explore whether the research interview itself had an impact on participants. This was primarily a qualitative, exploratory study that used the Critical Incident Technique (CIT) (Flanagan, 1954) to elicit helping and hindering critical incidents and wish list items; and open-ended interview questions (Cozby, 1997; Palys, 1997) to gather information about participants' experiences of change. A quantitative component was embedded in the form of a preand post-interview scaling question (Palys, 1997) to determine if the interview had an impact. Data from the CIT portion of the study elicited ten helping, hindering and wish list categories: (1) Personal Attitudes/Traits/Emotional Set; (2) Support from Friends and Family; (3) Internal Framework and Boundaries; (4) Taking Action; (5) Self-care; (6) Support from Professionals; (7) Management Style and Work Environment; (8) Skill/Role Competence; (9) Support from Work Colleagues; and (10) Personal Life Changes/Issues, suggesting strategies can be employed that facilitate handling


Every cell is enclosed by a membrane which gives structure to the cell and allows for the passage of nutrients and wastes into and out of the cell. Membranes are made up of amphiphilic lipid molecules, with one water-soluble end, and one hydrophobic end. Naturally occurring and synthetic membranes are made up of double-chained amphiphiles derived from hydrocarbons. Recently, a novel class of amphiphilic molecules derived from fluorocarbons have been reported. The properties of fluorinated amphiphiles are very different to that of hydrocarbon based amphiphiles. Fluorinated amphiphiles have been previously reported to be useful in the studies of membrane proteins. In this thesis, we explore some novel uses of fluorinated amphiphiles.
Chapter one: Provides a comprehensive review of the properties of fluorocarbon-based amphiphiles and discusses the existing uses of fluorinated amphiphiles in biochemical and biomedical research.
Chapter two: Describes some of the important materials and methods used in this thesis including a detailed description of the proteins used and the working principles behind the techniques used in the study.
Chapter three: Looks at the stability of pre-formed planar lipid bilayers in the presence of fluorinated amphiphiles (F-amphiphiles), and characterizes the behaviour of alpha-haemolysin and other proteins in liposomes and planar lipid bilayers in the presence of F-amphiphiles. We found that F-amphiphiles have an inhibitory effect on the insertion of protein into lipid bilayers, and this property has been exploited to control the number of proteins in the bilayer.
Chapter four: Using droplet interface bilayers, we investigate the electrical properties and behaviour of protein(s) in bilayers formed by F-amphiphiles. The results obtained with fluorinated bilayers are compared with results obtained in conventional DPhPC lipid bilayers. This is the first ever report to carry out such an investigation and it provides insights into the formation, stability and utility of fluorinated bilayers.
Chapter five: In Chapter five, we explore another aspect of droplet interface bilayers: the feasibility of using droplet interface bilayers to screen for membrane protein libraries. I have chosen to focus on certain fundamental aspects of the screening process that are sufficient to establish the feasibility of the method and to act as the proof of concept.
Chapter six: Summarizes all the important results in the thesis and discusses some possible future directions of this project.


This study aimed to identify how customers estimate golf club brand by golf club choice determinant and which brands are recognized as the same quality by using MDS (multi-dimensional scaling) understanding the position of graphs which is based on the image attribute. Data had been collected from March 22th to April 30th in 2010 for 40 days in Seoul, Gyeong-gi, Busan and Gyeong-nam. we chose 2 golf practice ranges in each region (total: 8 ranges) targeting members 400 questionnaires were distributed and 382 were used for this study. Investigation instruments were used 8 factors which is relatively important golf club choice determinant(price, advertisement, reputation, colour, design, popularity, quality and practicality) when the customers choose golf club reliability coefficient was α=.849. The ways of analysis are PROXCAL analysis technique and Multiple Regression Analysis of MDS. As a result of this study, Titleist, Callaway and Taylormade are in competition and Nike and Mizuno are in competition and Dunlop and Bridgestone are in competition. In addition, We analyze the result based on similarity distance matrix, Taylormade and Nike are in a high positioning in price factor of golf club choice determinant and Titleist is the highest positioning in choice determinant without regarding price.


: April 27, 1994, marked the end of the apartheid era in South Africa, but still the infant mortality rate is 130/1000 live births for Blacks compared to 13/1000 for Whites. Diarrhea, acute respiratory infections, malnutrition, and measles account for an estimated ninefold excess of deaths among Black children under 5 years old relative to their White counterparts. In Cape Town the under-five-years mortality rate for the mixed Colored population is 20.5/1000 compared to 4.6/1000 for Whites. In 1992, 19,000 measles cases were recorded. Diarrhea accounts for 20% of the deaths in the under-five group. In Cape Town alone, intestinal infections accounted for 27% of deaths in children followed by acute respiratory infections at 16%, and nutritional deficiencies at 10%. About 100,000 new cases of tuberculosis occur annually. There are currently 350,000 to 400,000 HIV-infected people in South Africa, and the mounting numbers pose a major threat to the health services. The fragmented public health system of South Africa is undergoing rationalization. The new government has extended universal public health care to children under 6 years old and to pregnant mothers. This reform, however, has resulted in undue strain on health services because of financial and staff constraints. Many doctors are threatening to leave the public service because of the increased workload without a concomitant increase in medical or paramedical staffing. Numerous clinics are reporting complete exhaustion of supplies of essential drugs. Currently only 5% of the health care budget is being spent on primary health care and only 3.6% of the public sector GDP is spent on health care. Political commitment, upgrading of skills in public health, redefinition of the government's role, emphasis on education, communication, public-health legislation, direct involvement in health care and research, and greater participation in health issues are required.


Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC

Human ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Most ovarian cancers are ovarian epithelial carcinomas or malignant germ cell tumors. Similar to other cancers, the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer is critical for treatment of the disease and the better chance for recovery. If diagnosed and treated early when the cancer is confined to the ovary, the 5-year survival rate is over 90%. Many studies involving various types of human cancers proved and aberrant miRNA expression occurs in many cancers, even at the early stage of the diseases, indicating its causative role. We have analyzed 10 ovarian tumors and their associated normal tissue, and two ovarian cancer cell lines, with methylation assays for over 25 different cancer related genes (p16, ESR, BRCA1, Rassf1, RAR beta, ECAD, etc.) including several miRNA genes. Global methylation assays show the ovarian tumors to be hypomethylated compared to the corresponding normal tissue. Several of the miRNA genes we have analyzed in ovarian tumor tissue show statistically changes in methylation pattern within their promoters compared with adjacent normal tissue. ANOVA analysis shows a variance with a p value of 0.00001. Expression analysis will be performed to correlate with the methylation data. Additionally, an extensive SNP analysis will be conducted on these tissues in order to establish specific screening parameters that will aid in early detection of this disease.

Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4896.


To determine features of the presentation of clinical practice guidelines that may enhance their use by internists, we conducted a cross-sectional survey to which 1,513 (60%) of 2,513 eligible internists responded. Endorsements by respected colleagues and by major organizations were identified as very important by 72% and 69% of respondents, respectively. Respondents preferred short pamphlets and manuals summarizing a number of guidelines and felt that concise recommendations (86%), synopsis of supporting evidence (85%), and quantification of benefit (77%) were important in guideline presentation. We conclude that guideline developers should gain the endorsement of major organizations and present key aspects in brief, easily assimilated formats.


Primary cilia on kidney tubular cells play crucial roles in maintaining structure and physiological function. Emerging evidence indicates that the absence of primary cilia, and their length, are associated with kidney diseases. The length of primary cilia in kidney tubular epithelial cells depends, at least in part, on oxidative stress and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK) activation. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is involved in antioxidant systems and the ERK signaling pathway. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the role of H2S in primary cilia elongation and the downstream pathway. In cultured Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells, the length of primary cilia gradually increased up to 4 days after the cells were grown to confluent monolayers. In addition, the expression of H2S-producing enzyme increased concomitantly with primary cilia length. Treatment with NaHS, an exogenous H2S donor, accelerated the elongation of primary cilia whereas DL-propargylglycine (a cystathionine γ-lyase inhibitor) and hydroxylamine (a cystathionine-β-synthase inhibitor) delayed their elongation. NaHS treatment increased ERK activation and Sec10 and Arl13b protein expression, both of which are involved in cilia formation and elongation. Treatment with U0126, an ERK inhibitor, delayed elongation of primary cilia and blocked the effect of NaHS-mediated primary cilia elongation and Sec10 and Arl13b upregulation. Finally, we also found that H2S accelerated primary cilia elongation after ischemic kidney injury. These results indicate that H2S lengthens primary cilia through ERK activation and a consequent increase in Sec10 and Arl13b expression, suggesting that H2S and its downstream targets could be novel molecular targets for regulating primary cilia.


In this paper we introduce the Collaborative Learning Environment (CLE), a novel document creation tool, designed at the Etisalat-British Telecomm Innovation Center (EBTIC) and created to enable and enhance team-based negotiation of online, interactive writing tasks. We provide the context in which the tool has been trialed, and discuss a case study where the tool is used to gain a deep understanding into the way students thought about and implemented given tasks.


In general, fisheries in Indonesia is still dominated by small-scale fisheries, one of themis the purse seine fishery based in Tamperan Fishing Port. This study aims to determine aspects of purse seine fishery based on Tamperan Fishing Port such as vessel size and fishing gear, FADs , fishing ground and catches. The study was conducted in 2012 in Tamperan Fishing Port with measurement methods and direct observation and interviews with owners, skippers and crew. The results showed that the vessel of small-scale tuna purse seine fishing based in Tamperan Fishing Port have tonnage between 28-45 GT and made of wood with length 17.21-28 m, width 6-7 m, and depth 2-3 m. Nets is used have length between 250-300 m and width 8-10 m. Fishing ground is FADs at coordinates 10o-12o S and 100o-110o E, 60-100 miles from the Pacitan Bay with distance to the location of FADs about one day. The catch is dominated by skipjack about 57.27%, followed by scad26.31% and juvenile yellowfin 10.05%.


Our goal is to develop some understanding and intuition regarding abyssal ocean circulations. To do this we investigate highly idealized, source/sink-driven flows computed by a single layer, numerical ocean model forced by a prescribed source or sink. The interior circulation is always found to be very slow and Stommel-Arons like. On the other hand, the intense boundary currents may vary considerably from case to case, depending largely upon the potential vorticity (PV) associated with the source or sink. If the source is imposed by downwelling along a northern boundary, then the associated PV flux is zero, and the resulting steady circulation can induce no net frictional torque. The result is a rather complex pattern of boundary layer flow that includes a strong recirculation along the northern boundary. If the same mass flux is injected as a laminar, horizontal inflow, then the associated PV flux is significant, and must be balanced in steady state by frictional torque. The result is a unidirectional boundary layer flow away from the source. Other experiments elucidate the effect of vortex stretching on topography. For example, a horizontal outflow over shallowing topography induces a net cyclonic frictional torque in the boundary layer circulation of the basin. An understanding of the steady state PV balance thus appears to confer some insight into the form of boundary layer flows in these abyssal circulations.