This paper expounded the proposing process,basic content and development of Resort Life Cycle Theory and analyzed rural tourism development in our country by using this theory.Rural tourism in our country generally experienced exploration,involvement and development period,and now was in consolidated phase.However,as China covered a large territory and rural tourism development differed greatly from place to place,the regional developmental level and developmental stage of rural tourism should be indentified according to local actual conditions.Meanwhile,in order to prevent rural tourism in our country from entering decline stage after consolidation stage,the author put forward six suggestions on achievement of its sustainable development,that is,overall planning and strengthening attractive power;intensifying sales promotion and improving popularity;enhancing government's guide management and cultivating high-quality tourist talents;strengthening regional cooperation and promoting competitive strength;highlighting ecological subject and emphasizing integration of tourism production.


Bingham fluids behave like solids below a von Mises stress threshold, the yield stress, while above it they behave like Newtonian fluids. They are characterized by a dimensionless parameter, Bingham number (Bn), which is the ratio of the yield stress to a characteristic viscous stress. In this study, the non-inertial steady motion of a finite size gas bubble in both a plane 2D channel and an axi-symmetric tube filled by a Bingham fluid has been studied numerically. The Bingham number, Bn, is in the range 0 ≤ Bn ≤ 3, where Bn=0 is the Newtonian case, while the Capillary number which is the ratio of a characteristic viscous force to the surface tension has values Ca=0.05, 0.10, and 0.25. The volume of all axi-symmetric and 2D bubbles has been chosen to be identical for all parameter choices and large enough for the bubbles to be long compared to the channel/tube width/diameter. The Bingham fluid constitutive equation is approximated by a regularized equation. During the motion, the bubble interface is separated from the wall by a static liquid film. The film thickness scaled by the tube radius (axi-symmetric)/half of the channel height (2D) is the dimensionless film thickness, h. The results show that increasing Bn initially leads to an increase in h, however, the profile h versus Bn can be monotonic or non-monotonic depending on Ca values and 2D/axi-symmetric configurations. The yield stress also alters the shape of the front and rear of the bubble and suppresses the capillary waves at the rear of the bubble. The yield stress increases the magnitude of the wall shear stress and its gradient and therefore increases the potential for epithelial cell injuries in applications to lung airway mucus plugs. The topology of the yield surfaces as well the flow pattern in the bubble frame of reference varies significantly by Ca and Bn.


Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the position and the relation of impacted maxillary canines using panoramic radiograph and CBCT, along with the evaluation of root resorption of the permanent incisors and involvement of the maxillary sinus proximity.
Materials and Methods: A total of 25 patients with 34 impacted maxillary canine, age group ranging from 13 to 32 years of both genders were included in the study. Digital panoramic radiograph and CBCT was taken for all the patients and the impacted maxillary canine were evaluated for type, position, root resorption and maxillary sinus involvement. Statistical analysis using Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test was performed.
Results: Most of the impacted maxillary canine (IMC) position in panoramic radiograph were located at sector 5 followed by sector 1, sector 4, sector 3 and sector 2. The common labiopalatal positions of impacted maxillary canine in CBCT was palatal followed by labial and mid alveolus. Correlation between sector location on panoramic radiograph and labiopalatal position in CBCT were done and the result were statistically significant (P value = 0.002). Measurement of agreement shows high values for type of impaction in both radiographic techniques. Root resorption and Maxillary sinus involvement were statistically significant in panoramic radiograph than CBCT.
Conclusion: In the present study, CBCT imaging was significantly better than that of panoramic radiograph for determining position of impacted canines according to sector location & labiopalatal position, type of impaction, root resorption and maxillary sinus involvement. However, further studies should be carried out in future with large sample size to determine the accuracy of localization of impacted maxillary canine.

Keywords: Impacted maxillary canine, Panoramic radiograph, Cone beam computed tomography.


Transient occurrence of IgG3-kappa and IgG2-lambda paraproteins in a 12-year-old girl with malignant reticulosis is reported. These paraproteins were demonstrated in a total amount of 3.4 g/100 ml after termination of cytostatic treatment; they disappeared after another 2 months.


T-794 is a new reversible inhibitor of MAO type A. In order to predict its clinical utility as an antidepressant, we examined its pharmacological profile (i.e., MAO inhibitory activity, antidepressant-like activity and safety) in vivo in rodents. The p.o. administration of T-794 potentiated L-5-hydroxytryptophan-induced symptoms with ED50 = 1.01 mg/kg (mice) or 1.15 mg/kg (rats), and L-dopa-induced behavior with ED50 = 5.90 mg/kg (mice), whereas it did not alter the effect of beta-phenylethylamine even at 100 mg/kg (mice). In the L-5-hydroxytryptophan test in rats, the activity of T-794 (at twice the dose of ED50) disappeared by 8 h; the duration of action was similar to that of moclobemide. These results confirm the previous biochemical results that MAO-A inhibition by T-794 is highly selective and of short duration. T-794 was effective in three animal models of depression: reserpine reversal (mice, rats), behavioral despair test (mice) and learned helplessness (rats). In these tests, it had potency similar to or greater than moclobemide, tranylcypromine or imipramine. The p.o. administration of T-794 (30 mg/kg) did not affect the pressor effect of tyramine in anesthetized rats, whereas moclobemide (30 mg/kg) and tranylcypromine (6 mg/kg) potentiated the effect. Acute toxicity of T-794 proved to be very low (maximal tolerated dose > 2 g/kg p.o.) in contrast to brofaromine (maximal tolerated dose = 150 mg/kg p.o.). Unlike tricyclic antidepressants, T-794 did not prevent the oxotremorine-induced tremor even at 100 mg/kg p.o.; in this it demonstrated a lack of the anticholinergic activity. These results suggest that T-794 is an effective and particularly safe antidepressant and that it may make an important contribution in the treatment of depressive disorders.


We have numerically investigated the spin-dependent electronic transport in a multi-terminal conductor with an anti-dot at the junction in the presence of spin-orbit coupling. It is shown that the direction of spin polarization can be flipped by changing the Fermi energy with respect to the height of anti-dot potential in a three-terminal conductor. This is understood by the interplay between spin-orbit coupling and the curvature of the potential. The spin Hall conductance in a four-terminal conductor with an anti-dot is also investigated.


The BiNMOS gate delay analysis including high current transients has been developed. The modeling equations account for the high electric field effect in the nMOS transistor and emitter crowding, base pushout, and base conductivity modulation in the bipolar transistor. In examining the switching transient of a BiNMOS driver, the base pushout mechanism exhibits a detrimental effect on the gate propagation delay. The circuit modeling methodology provides a fast turn-around design evaluation of sensitivity of process and device parameters into circuit performance. Computer simulation of a BiNMOS driver using the present analysis is compared with PISCES device simulation in support of physical reasoning. >


Abstract The Late Quaternary climate in Amazonia is an issue still open to debate, with hypotheses varying from alternate dry and wet episodes to stable climate with undisturbed rainforest. We approach this question using δ13C, C/N, and, to a lesser extent, δ15N from deposits derived from four cores, with the results combined with published pollen data from two of these cores. These data were analyzed within the context of radiocarbon dating, which revealed ages ranging from 42.8–41.8 to 2.3–2.2 cal ka BP. Fluvial channel and floodplain deposits with freshwater phytoplankton recorded a trend of wet climate with dry episodes before ~40 cal ka BP, followed by humid and cold climate until the Last Glacial Maximum, with intensified aridity towards the end of the Late Pleistocene. Peaks of increased contributions in C4 land plants in the mid- to late Holocene were not synchronous and have no correspondence with Amazonian Holocene dry episodes, being due to sedimentary processes related to fluvial dynamics during the establishment of herbaceous fields on abandoned depositional sites. Thus, the climate remained wet in the Holocene, which would have favored the expansion of the Amazonian rainforest as we see today.


Approximately 30% of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harbor a somatic KRAS mutation resulting, in aberrant activation of downstream signaling pathways that control cell proliferation, cell growth, and cell survival. Importantly, alleles of LKB1, a serine/threonine kinase that functions as a tumor suppressor, are somatically inactivated in ~30% of NSCLCs within KRAS-mutant NSCLC. The loss of LKB1 gives rise to aggressive, highly metastatic, and highly drug resistant tumors. We have previously demonstrated that the inactivation of the tumor suppressor lkb1 rendered mutant kras murine NSCLC resistant to targeted agents including BET bromodomain and kinase inhibitors. However, the mechanism by which LKB1 inactivation attenuates the efficacy of the therapies remains elusive. Consequently, investigation of the molecular-basis of drug resistance to formulate effective therapies for this KRAS-mutated and LKB1-inactivated (KRAS/LKB1) subset of patients is warranted. Using lung adenocarcinoma cells that lack LKB1 expression, we have established isogenic cells that express vector control, wild-type LKB1, or kinase-dead LKB1. Our preliminary data using these isogenic cell lines suggest the previously unrealized function of LKB1 to activate HSP90 to stabilize client signaling proteins. Furthermore, we have performed p23 immunoprecipitation (IP) followed by Western blot for HSP90 to assess the HSP90 ATPase activity. In the cells ectopically expressing wild-type LKB1, p23 co-immunoprecipitated with HSP90 showing that HSP90 is in active conformation. In contrast, few HSP90 co-immunoprecipitated with p23 in the cells that express the kinase-dead version of LKB1 or vector control, demonstrating that little HSP90 is in active conformation without LKB1 kinase activity. Using NetworKIN, a web-based bioinformatic analysis, we find putative LKB1 phosphorylation motifs on HSP90. These results suggest that LKB1 phosphorylates and activates HSP90. Consequently, the inactivation of LKB1 contributes to the destabilization of key HSP90 client signaling proteins and inadvertently promotes compensatory mechanisms to stabilize the select signaling molecules. Using our LKB1-isogenic cell lines, we demonstrated that LKB1 activates HSP90 to stabilize RAF1, resulting in MAPK pathway activation. In contrast, LKB1 inactivation led to reduced HSP90 activity, which reduced MAPK activity and elevated IGF-1R-mediated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) activity in vivo and in vitro models of mutant KRAS NSCLC. The aberrant activation of PI3-K pathway augments survival by the stabilization of the anti-apoptotic molecule, MCL1. The use of HSP90 inhibitors does not fully inhibit MAPK or PI3-K pathways due to the compensatory mechanisms chaperoning the IGF-1R axis. Importantly, we confirmed that canonical LKB1-AMPK-mTOR pathway does not fully control PI3K or MAPK signaling. Taken together, our data supports the presence of an HSP90-independent mechanism to stabilize kinases, including IGF-1R, to make KRAS/LKB1 NSCLC resistant to targeted therapies. Citation Format: Jeffrey H. Becker, Michael P. Kahle, Margaret Soucheray, Ines Pulido, Fatima Al-Shahrour, Manuel Sanchez del Pino, Kwok-Kin Wong, Julian Carretero, Takeshi Shimamura. A new role for LKB1 to regulate Heat Shock Protein 90 activity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-085.


Recovering species are often limited to much smaller areas than they historically occupied. Conservation planning for the recovering species is often based on this limited range, which may simply be an artifact of where the surviving population persisted. Southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) were hunted nearly to extinction but recovered from a small remnant population on a remote stretch of the California outer coast, where most of their recovery has occurred. However, studies of recently-recolonized estuaries have revealed that estuaries can provide southern sea otters with high quality habitats featuring shallow waters, high production and ample food, limited predators, and protected haul-out opportunities. Moreover, sea otters can have strong effects on estuarine ecosystems, fostering seagrass resilience through their consumption of invertebrate prey. Using a combination of literature reviews, population modeling, and prey surveys we explored the former estuarine habitats outside the current southern sea otter range to determine if these estuarine habitats can support healthy sea otter populations. We found the majority of studies and conservation efforts have focused on populations in exposed, rocky coastal habitats. Yet historical evidence indicates that sea otters were also formerly ubiquitous in estuaries. Our habitat-specific population growth model for California's largest estuary—San Francisco Bay—determined that it alone can support about 6,600 sea otters, more than double the 2018 California population. Prey surveys in estuaries currently with (Elkhorn Slough and Morro Bay) and without (San Francisco Bay and Drakes Estero) sea otters indicated that the availability of prey, especially crabs, is sufficient to support healthy sea otter populations. Combining historical evidence with our results, we show that conservation practitioners could consider former estuarine habitats as targets for sea otter and ecosystem restoration. This study reveals the importance of understanding how recovering species interact with all the ecosystems they historically occupied, both for improved conservation of the recovering species and for successful restoration of ecosystem functions and processes.


In a randomized controlled trial, we examined the efficacy of 60 hr of ThinkRx, a clinician-delivered cognitive training program delivered to children with learning disabilities and/or ADHD. In this case review, we discuss the ethical considerations for using a waitlist control group instead of a sham intervention in lengthy behavioral interventions with a vulnerable population. We describe the control group options we considered and why we selected waitlist controls. We also discuss lessons we learned in the sampling and assessment stages of our study, including providing clarity in exclusionary criteria, testing technology equipment and Internet access, optimal scheduling, and verifying the validity of testing measures with our specific population. We report our quantitative and qualitative outcomes from two articles published on this study including statistically significant differences in eight of the nine measures, clinically significant changes in IQ score for the ADHD subset, and parent-reported improvements in self-esteem, self-discipline, cooperative behaviors, and school performance.


Decision-making style(DMS) is the learned habitual response pattern exhibited by an individual confronted with a situation requiring a decision. DMS is an important concept in empirical literature on decision making, management, consumer behavior, counseling, and vocation behavior. The recently developed DMS models were based on information processing strategies, such as dual-processing theory and regret theory, and focused on the effects of decision strategies, biases, emotions, and unconscious processing on decision making. The DMS field has also made significant progress in theoretical constructions, such as definitions, measurements, and theoretical examinations. Future research should integrate DMSs and behavioral decision-making theories, such as dual-processing theory, and construct DMS models from the perspective of evolutionary psychology.


ABSTRACTFluid and solid substitution of bulk modulus are exact and unique for materials whose elastic bulk and/or shear moduli fall on the Hashin-Shtrikman bounds. For materials whose moduli lie between the bounds, solid and fluid substitution of bulk moduli can be computed exactly, but not uniquely. Every initial bulk modulus can be realized with an infinite number of microstructures and therefore transform to an infinite number of moduli upon substitution of the pore fill. This nonuniqueness arises when detailed information on the material pore geometry is not available. We evaluated four embedded-bound constructions for fluid and solid substitution that were based on realizable materials. In the limiting case of pore fluids, two of these constructions reduced to the bounds of Gibiansky and Torquato, which illustrated that those bounds were optimum. For solids, the first two constructions corresponded to a homogeneous pore stiffness and predicted the smallest change in modulus. The third construction pr...


Clinical Research/epidemiology In Pneumonia & Sepsis (CRIPS). Introduction Hospital re-admissions after lung transplant (LT) negatively affect quality of life, and costs. Reports on ICU readmission (ICU-r) have been limited to short series. Table. No title available. Table. No title available. Methods Prospective, multicenter, observational study including 174 consecutive LT adults requiring ICU-r (august 2012-16). We evaluated epidemiological features of this population and studied the outcomes. Results Overall, 118 (68.2%) ICU-r were due to acute respiratory failure (ARF) and 78 (44.8%) had an infectious cause, with pneumonia the most prevalent (73%). Acute cellular and humoral rejection were identified in 12 (7%) and 2 (1%) respectively. Main lung diseases before transplant were pulmonary fibrosis (38.7%) and COPD (34.7%), 53.2% with bilateral transplant. (Table 1). When admitted by ARF, 90-day mortality was 44.2% (vs 26.4% when admitted by other causes, p<0.05). 90-day mortality for pneumonia was 49%. 36 patients (20.2%) ICU-r had obliterative bronchiolitis syndrome (BOS). Acute respiratory failure and pneumonia were more prevalent in BOS subgroup, BOS was significantly associated to higher requirement of mechanical ventilation, and ICU mortality. P. aeruginosa (most frequent MDR) was the pathogen isolated from both ICU-R with and without BOS. Hypoxemia was the main cause of death in patient with BOS, (Table 2). Conclusions Hypoxemia was the main cause of ICU readmission in LT, particularly within one year, whereas BOS showed association to prognosis. FISS PI1401296 and CIBERES.


Portal vein thrombosis is an unusual complication of acute pancreatitis. It occurs in some cases of severe acute pancreatitis particularly those associated with pancreatic necrosis. A review of relevant literature suggests a role of anticoagulants in such cases but further studies are needed to establish the advantage of such therapy conclusively. We present a case of acute necrotizing pancreatitis complicated by portal and splenic vein thrombosis managed with anticoagulants. This resulted in recovery without development of portal hypertension and its complications.


In this article, we introduce a framework that can be used by organizations as a positioning instrument to think of business-ICT alignment decisions in light of the strategic importance of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) in their organization. We make a distinction between organizations where ICT is of high strategic importance and those where ICT is of low strategic importance. Based on this difference we argue that heavily investing in business-ICT alignment processes, structures and roles (PSRs) will not necessarily always be beneficial when ICT is of low strategic importance to the business. Furthermore, organizations that have a minimalist approach to the use of ICT do not necessarily need to invest in business-ICT alignment PSRs. We explain the dynamics and possible migration scenarios of our proposed framework after testing the statistical significance of the relationship between the strategic importance of ICT and the investment in business-ICT alignment. We end this article with a short empirical study which combines survey and case study results. Both the framework and framework dynamics still need further empirical validation, preferably with longitudinal data. Therefore, we stress and acknowledge that many of the discussions in this article are still explorative in nature. However, this article illustrates the possibilities and the need for a more fine-grained approach to business-ICT alignment.


executive summary:This article examines the concept of ASEAN centrality in connectivity and assesses the role and effectiveness of ASEAN in managing infrastructure financing competition between China and Japan.main argumentScholars have recommended that ASEAN establish a multilateral coordination mechanism, such as an infrastructure forum, to manage the geopolitics of China's and Japan's often competing infrastructure initiatives. Thus far, ASEAN has not been able to set up such a mechanism due to its limited centrality in connectivity issues. Instead, the grouping sets the scope for connectivity, formulating broad policies such as the Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity 2025. ASEAN's confinement to this role and the lack of an institutional framework have been beneficial to member states, allowing them to prioritize and implement infrastructure projects based on their individual needs. They have developed their own bargaining styles and preferences in dealing with larger powers and connectivity-related issues. Any potential for ASEAN to strengthen its centrality in connectivity is therefore hampered less by external powers than by its own member states and stakeholders involved in infrastructure development. However, while ASEAN's centrality in connectivity is limited, it is not insignificant. The grouping still drives compatibility and convergence between the competing infrastructure initiatives and gradually unites the interests of recipients and donors.policy implications•An institutionalized infrastructure forum between ASEAN, China, and Japan is not an appropriate solution to manage infrastructure rivalry. Negotiations between China and Japan would be difficult to conduct multilaterally, and the differences between official consensus and actual practice may be substantial.•ASEAN should focus instead on boosting internal coherence and coordination, sharing best practices for the negotiation and implementation of measures to improve connectivity, and helping Chinese and Japanese companies adjust their business models to contribute to the social and economic development of ASEAN and its member states.•A suitable and consistent risk-sharing mechanism needs to be put in place to make infrastructure projects financially sustainable and thus facilitate deeper collaboration among ASEAN, its external partners, and internal stakeholders.


The magnetic field of superconducting accelerator magnets is mainly determined by the current distribution. A distortion of current distribution induces unexpected multipole fields. A simple analytical field calculation with radial distortions, which are described by Fourier series, is developed. Analytical equations which give the correlation between the deformation patterns and the multipole field components are found. The equations are applied to the measurement results for the LHC-MQXA magnets developed by KEK. The radial distortions which introduces normal octupole and twelvepole fields are estimated. The direction of distortions follows the magnet mechanical tendency. The amplitude of those is within the construction errors. A numerical computation applying the distortions to the real cross section is performed. The computation results prove that the analytical equations give the good approximation.


To the Editor.— It is well known that patients who use fluorouracil topically may get an intensification of the reaction when they are exposed to sunlight. To take advantage of this, a series of 100 patients were given an erythema dose of ultraviolet light to the right half of the face on the day prior to using topical 1% fluorouracil in Propylene Glycol. The fluorouracil was applied to the entire face so that a contrast between the two sides could be made. An artificial source was selected so that a definite erythema dose could be given and it could be given previous to the use of the topical medication so that the possibility of photosensitization from the medication would be reduced or eliminated. Within a day, erythema from the ultraviolet light appeared on the right half of the face. As this faded over the next day or two, it became


Diagnostic examinations in nuclear medicine increase. This can cause a higher radiation burden to the personnel. The aim of this study was to create and apply a method to validate the occupational radiation protection at the Department of Nuclear Medicine using thermoluminescence dosemeters (TLD). Occupational doses in- and outside of the department and the dose rate distribution around the positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) were validated in terms of Hp(10) using TLD-100. Backscatter correction factors were estimated to implement the TLD measurements on different materials. After correction for backscatter, the result indicates that doses in- and outside of the department are below recommended values and dose limits. The highest and the lowest dose rate were measured beside the 18F-autoinjector and the PET/CT gantry, respectively. The method of using TLD gives a good estimate of how the occupational radiation protection performs at the Department of Nuclear Medicine and can thus help in the optimization of radiation protection.


There must be very few cases which lend themselves to this sort of conservatism. In four years in a community where ectopic pregnancies are common, and bilateral ectopic pregnancies hardly a rarity, the writer has not found another suitable case. Nevertheless, there are a certain number of women wanting a child very badly, willing and understanding the inevitable risk, in whom such treatment seems reasonable. If we are to agree with Dr. Fry's views on aetiology, perhaps the indications are not as infrequent as we sometimes believe.-I am, etc.,


Introduction: Mother-to-child transmission of HIV threatens the survival of children of below five years of age. Health workers play an important role in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the programme for preventing mother-tochild transmission of HIV (PMTCT) in Benin City, Edo State from the perspective of the health workers involved in the programme. Methodology: This was a qualitative study evaluating the PMTCT programme in Benin City from the perspective of health workers and PMTCT programme officers. Data was collected through key informant interviews held with health workers at seven health facilities providing comprehensive Original Research Article Ashipa and Ofili; ISRR, 4(3): 1-10, 2016; Article no.ISRR.29204 2 PMTCT services. Key informant interviews were also held with government officials supervising the PMTCT programme in the state. Results: Fifteen key informant interviews were conducted with health workers and PMTCT programme officers in the state. The key informants had been involved in the PMTCT programme for between three years and eight years. The respondents identified several benefits of the PMTCT programme during the course of the study. The benefits included reduction in stigmatisation, improved quality of life for HIV positive mothers and reduction in mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Several challenges to the implementation of the programme were identified by the respondents including inadequate manpower, stock-outs of antiretroviral medications and patients' preference for home deliveries. Recommendations to overcome these challenges included increased programme funding, training and re-training of health workers, sustained mass media campaigns to reduce stigmatisation of persons living with HIV among others. Conclusion: The health workers were generally positive in their perception of the programme for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Benin City, Edo State as the programme had provided numerous benefits for the patients, the community in addition to upgrading existing health facilities. Factors hindering the implementation of the programme from the health workers' perspective were staff shortages, inadequate supply of drugs and other commodities and poor adherence by patients. Achieving the goal of reducing mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Benin City and Nigeria as a whole requires combined efforts by all stakeholders including patients, health workers, members of the community, non-governmental organisations and the various tiers of government.


In this paper, we present the 3D acquisition infrastructure we developed for building a talking face and studying some aspects of visual speech. A short-term aim is to study coarticulation for the French language and to develop a model which respects a real talker articulation. One key factor is to be able to acquire a large amount of 3D data with a low-cost system more flexible than existing motion capture systems (using infrared cameras and glued markers). Our system only uses two standard cameras, a PC and painted markers that do not change speech articulation and provides a sufficiently fast acquisition rate to enable an efficient temporal tracking of 3D points. We present here our stereovision data capture system and how these data can be used in acoustic-to-articulatory inversion


ldquo;In our two thousand years of exile, we have not totally lost our creativity, but the sheen of the Bible dulled in exile, as did the sheen of the Jewish people. Only with the renewal of the homeland and Hebrew independence have we been able to reassess the Bible in its true, full light," Israel's first Prime Minister, David Ben-Gurion, wrote in 1953. This statement illustrates several core attitudes of the Jewish national renaissance movement towards the Bible. Ben-Gurion depicted a direct relationship between the state of the Jewish people and the status of the Bible: The two rose and fell together. His words are reminiscent of philosopher Martin Buber, Revisionist leader Zeءev Jabotinsky, and others, all of whom postulated a symbiotic relationship between the Jewish people and the land of Israel: "Just as the Jewish people need the land to live a full life, so the land needs the Jewish people to be complete" wrote Buber. The Bible, according to Ben-Gurion, was the third component of the Jewish "holy trinity" of people, land, and book. It served as testimony of Jewish national life in the land of Israel in former times, as a blueprint for reestablishing this way of life, as proof of a glorious past and promise for the future. It nurtured a national romanticism and both inspired and buttressed universal ideas; it was the bedrock of myth and epos, of earthliness and valor, and also of a system of ethics and faith that rein in and restrain muscle and brawn. It was paradoxical proof of both Jewish uniqueness and Jewish similitude, "like all the nations" (I Samuel 8:5); "materialism" and "spirituality"; historical continuity and historical severance between the people and the land.


The major 1989 efforts have been on two aspects of experiments at TRIUMF. One effort was production of muonic hydrogen and muonic deuterium into a vacuum. The study includes rates relevant to muon-catalyzed fusion, and if there are found an adequate number of muons in the 2-S state, then precision energies will be measured. The second effort was to develop plans for kaonic atoms at the kaon factory. In addition, analyses from the experiments with pionic atoms at LAMPF were completed.


Catenary (Overhead Contact Lines) and Pantograph are used to transmit electrical energy to electric railways. An Arc occurs by unstable contact between catenary and pantograph during electric railways operation, which causes malfunctioning or even an accident. Therefore, to prevent a arc or electric contact loss are required arc detection systems with catenary maintenance capability. This paper describes developing of catenary arc detection system using photo detector in order to detect arc incidence in a indirect way. This developed system can also achieve Video-recordings and environmental conditions such as wire voltage/current, pantograph height, speed, position of electric railways, and temperature/humidity. This system have been evaluated at the section that bounds for dongdaegu from seoul. From the experimental results, the occurrence of arc and intensity of arc are mainly effected by wire voltage/current, pantograph height and speed of electric railways.


The quantitative genetics of allocation to sexual functions was examined in the andromonoecious plant, Solanum carolinense. A restricted maximum likelihood (REML) analysis was employed to determine heritabilities and genetic and environmental correlations for flower number, the proportion of those flowers that were male, and the size of flower parts (corolla diameter, pistil length, and anther length and width) in each of three populations used in a diallel crossing design. All floral characters were highly heritable. The sizes of flower parts were positively genetically correlated with one another, which will restrict the independent evolution of these parts. Negative genetic and environmental correlations exist between flower size and proportion male flowers, indicating the potential for the evolution of individuals with either many, small male flowers or few, large, cosexual flowers. The high heritabilities of the traits examined as well as the genetic correlations among them indicate the potential for the evolution of gender specialization in this species, because flower size and number have the potential to affect sex-specific reproductive success.


Background: Drug related problems (DRPs) are associated with hospital admissions resulting in patient morbidity and mortality, and increased costs.  Objectives: Present Prospective observational study aims to identify and characterize DRPs in the patients who were admitted in the General Medicine, Pediatrics and Surgery Departments in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Methodology: A specially designed proforma was used for patient data collection & the study was approved by institutional ethics committee. Inclusion criteria includes, patients who were hospitalized for more than three days and who were willing to give informed consent to participate in the study. Results: Among the 100 cases evaluated, an average of 46% cases were reported with the DRPs associated with safety problems, 28% cases were related to effectiveness and 26% cases were related to necessity. The average age was 33±5 years for the patient with DRPs. The mean of 4±2 co morbidities with 7±6 complaints were observed and an average of 4±2 medications per patient was prescribed.  Conclusion: The clinical pharmacists and hospital pharmacists in co-ordination with the prescribers aid in the reduction of DRPs through manual or online prescription auditing and medication reconciliation programmes. Majority of the DRPs may be reduced through pharmacist's intervention.


Pancoast tumors are an interesting pathological entity when it comes to talking about mediastinal tumors, the alterations they cause are deeply rooted in their location. The development of surgical techniques as well as new antitumor therapies have created a pillar on which therapy that generates high survival in these patients could be based. However, these treatments also carry their risks


Aim The study of minimal ter operon as a determinant of tellurium resistance (TeR) is important for the purpose of confirming the relationship of these genes to the pathogenicity of microorganisms. The ter operon is widespread among bacterial species and pathogens, implicated also in phage inhibition, oxidative stress and colicin resistance. So far, there is no experimental evidence for the role of the Escherichia coli (E. coli) minimal ter operon in ultraviolet C (UVC) resistance, biofilm formation and auto-aggregation. To identify connection with UVC resistance of the minimal ter operon, matched pairs of Ter-positive and -negative E. coli cells were stressed and differences in survival and whole genome sequence analysis were performed. This study was aimed also to identify differences in phenotype of cells induced by environmental stress. Methods In the current study, a minimal ter operon(terBCDEΔF) originating from the uropathogenic strain E. coli KL53 was used. Clonogenic assay was the method of choice to determine cell reproductive death after treatment with UVC irradiation at certain time intervals. Bacterial suspensions were irradiated with 254 nm UVC-light (germicidal lamp in biological safety cabinet) in vitro. UVC irradiance output was 2.5 mW/cm2 (calculated at the UVC device aperture) and plate-lamp distance of 60 cm. DNA damage analysis was performed using shotgun sequencing on Illumina MiSeq platform. Biofilm formation was measured by a crystal violet retention assay. Auto-aggregation assay was performed according to the Ghane, Babaeekhou & Ketabi (2020). Results A large fraction of Ter-positive E. coli cells survived treatment with 120-s UVC light (300 mJ/cm2) compared to matched Ter-negative cells; ∼5-fold higher resistance of Ter-positive cells to UVC dose (p = 0.0007). Moreover, UVC surviving Ter-positive cells showed smaller mutation rate as Ter-negative cells. The study demonstrated that a 1200-s exposure to UVC (3,000 mJ/cm2) was sufficient for 100% inhibition of growth for all the Ter-positive and -negative E. coli cells. The Ter-positive strain exhibited of 26% higher auto-aggregation activities and was able to inhibit biofilm formation over than Ter- negative strain (**** P < 0.0001). Conclusion Our study shows that Ter-positive cells display lower sensitivity to UVC radiation, corresponding to a presence in minimal ter operon. In addition, our study suggests that also auto-aggregation ability is related to minimal ter operon. The role of the minimal ter operon (terBCDEΔF) in resistance behavior of E. coli under environmental stress is evident.


The issue of the development prospects of the Russian economy and the economy of its individual branches in the regions is highly relevant in terms of the increasing crises and economic development challenges. The scope of the study is a garment industry of the Siberian Federal District, which includes 12 subjects, and only six of them develop the garment industry actively. There are the regions of Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai and the Republic of Khakassia. The subject matter of the research is the state and prospects of the garment industry of the Siberian Federal District. It also includes the assessment of the garment industry as one of the sub-sectors of the light industry in terms of its competitiveness in the domestic market. The purpose of the comprehensive study is to determine the conditions and factors affecting the development of the industry, as well as to identify its development reserves and competitiveness on the basis of industrial cluster's generation. The hypothesis of this study is that in the Siberian Federal District, there are a need and reserves to create a cluster of the garment industry. The main methods of the study are the comparative analysis, the expert assessment of the sector in certain regions of the Siberian Federal District, as well as the assessment of possible formation of the industrial cluster in the region. The results of the study are the evaluation of the competitiveness and prospects of the garment industry in Russia and the Siberian Federal District (a low level of development and competitiveness); the evaluation of the development level of the garment industry in the Federal District, which have showed the demand for apparel products from the population and enterprises, as well as the conditions for the provision of clothing manufacture with natural fabrics and synthetic materials, labor resources and research and development achievements; also the justification of the existing potential for development of a sectoral cluster by means of pooling together the productions and economic communications of the Novosibirsk and Omsk regions at the initial stage. The obtained results should be used to strengthen works for the development of regional industrial cluster (with a creation of a working group at the regional governments, the garment industry development programs, and practical measures for its realization), as well as a creation of conditions for stimulation of investment activity of entrepreneurs. The research has confirmed the hypothesis, that in the Siberian Federal District, there are a need and reserves to create a cluster of the garment industry.


This second and enlarged edition will correct many wrong impressions about Buddhism. All the differences of religious beliefs Buddhism regards as " the coloured sets of clothing with which men have endowed the naked Truth". But perhaps its most important message for the west to-day is its insistence on the inability of intellect alone to encompass the full nature of the ultimate reality or the complete character of Deity. Buddhism, however, is not negative, nihilistic, or godless in the sense that it denies life and the existence of a supreme Intelligence. What it denies is that the human creature can ever be the complete knower. It welcomes life with open hands in the spirit of Thoreau when he said : " I know that the enterprise is worthy. I know that things work well. . . . " Jung means the same thing when he translates the Taoist doctrine of wu-wei as learning " to let things happen ", which he says is " a real art of which few people know anything . . .". "Buddhism," Christmas Humphreys writes, " accords with Science in the sense that it argues from the known to the unknown, and looks upon such principles as must, at the beginning, be accepted upon faith merely as working hypotheses for the individual to prove or disprove in the course of his own experience." VICTOR EIENAECKER.


The micronutrient status of the soils and leaf of cocoa, kola, cashew and coffee plantations to study the soil-plant micronutrient content relationship in the plantation soils for proper management towards optimum production of the crops was investigated at Uhonmora, Edo State, Nigeria. Soil and leaf samples were collected from these plantations and analyzed according to standard laboratory procedures. The soil samples were analyzed for the micronutrients (Cu, Mn, Zn and Fe) and in addition pH, organic carbon, sand, silt and clay contents, while the leaves were analyzed for only the micronutrient contents. Results indicated that the soils were sandy loam, acidic, low in organic carbon, deficient in Cu and Mn but very high in Fe and Zn contents. This probably resulted in nutrient imbalance in the soils and the deficiency of the nutrients in the crops. The plantations therefore require application of organic manures and micronutrient fertilizers to rectify the inadequate soil organic matter and to supply sufficient amount of Cu and Mn in the soils, to obtain quality fruit yield at optimum level from the plantations. Keywords: Cashew, cocoa, coffee, kola, micronutrients, sustainable production Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 [ How to Cite : Ogeh JS and RR Ipinmoroti. 2013. Micronutrient Assessment of Cocoa, Kola, Cashew and Coffee Plantations for Sustainable Production at Uhonmora, Edo State, Nigeria. J Trop Soils 18 (2) : 93-97 . Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18. 2 . 93 ] [ Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.93 ] REFERENCES Adebiyi S, EO Uwagbue, EA Agbongiarhuoyi, I Ndagi and EO Aigbekaen. 2011.  Assessment of agronomic practices among kola farmers in Osun State, Nigeria. World J Agric Sci 7: 400-403. Afolabi CA and NE Egbe. 1984.  Yield response of kola to N, P and K fertilizer application:  A case study of preliminary trial. Cafe Cacao The 28: 13-16. AOAC [Association of Official Analytical Chemists]. 1990.  Official Methods of Analysis, 15th Edition. Washington DC: 774-784. Ayanlaja SA. 1983.  Rehabilitation of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) in Nigeria: Major problem and possible solution. Plant Soil  73: 403-409. CBN [Central Bank of Nigeria]. 2010.  Annual Report and Statement of Accounts for the year. Abuja, Nigeria. 182 p. Chude VO and GO Obigbesan. 1983.  Safe and toxic application rates of boron for cocoa seedlings. Plant Soil 74: 145-147. Egbe NE, EA Ayodele and CR Obatolu. 1989.  Soils and nutrition of cocoa, coffee, kola  cashew and tea. Prog Tree Crop Res 2: 28-38. Falade JA. 1978.  Cashew growing soil in Nigeria. East Afr Agric J 43: 100-105. FAO [Food and Agriculture Organization]. 2010.  Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.  http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx? PageID=567#ancor. Accessed on 21 January 2010. Ibiremo OS and O Fagbola. 2008. Effect of phosphorus fertilizer and arbuscular mycorhizal  fungi inoculation on the growth of cashew seedlings in two soils in Nigeria. Nigerian J Soil Sci 18: 138-146. Ipinmoroti RR, OSO Akanbi, MA Daniel, LA Adebowale, GA Adewoye, EA Makinde and CO Kayode. 2011.  Potentials of NPK and organic fertilizers on growth performance of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) seedlings on degraded typic alfisol soils in Ibadan, Nigeria. J Agric Sci Tech 1: 876-881. Ipinmoroti RR, P Aikpokpodion and OSO Akanbi.  2009.  Nutritional assessment of cocoa plots for soil fertility management on some cocoa farms in Nigeria. Proceedings of 16th International Cocoa Research Conference Held at Grand Hyatt  Hotel, Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia, pp 1481-1485. Iremiren GO and  AM Ekhomun. 2005.  Effects of N fertilizer rates on the performance of maize-okra mixture in an acid sand soil of the Nigerian forest zone. Nigerian J Appl Sci 23: 11-14. McKenzie RH.  2001.  Micronutrient requirements of crops. Alberta Agriculture and Rural development   http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/agdex713. Acessed on 21 July 2011. Nelson DW and LE Sommers. 1982.  Organic carbon and soil extracts In: D L Sparks (ed).  Methods of soil Analysis. Part 2- Chemical and microbiological properties. Agronomy Monograph No.9, 2nd Edition. American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA, pp. 539-579. Ogunlade MO, OS Ibiremo, RR Ipinmoroti, CI Iloyanomon and PE Aikpokpodion. 2011.  Determination of phosphorus and potassium fixation capacities and fertilizer fctors in soils of three cocoa growing areas of Nigeria. J Soil Nat 5: 11-16. Ogunmoyela OA and CR Obatolu. 1984.  Nutrient studies and fertilizer requirements of Nigeria tea. Cafe Cacao The 28: 179-184. Ogunwale JA, JO Olaniyan and MO Aduloju. 2002.  Morphological, physico-chemical and clay mineralogical properties of soils overlaying basement complex rocks in Ilorin East, Nigeria. Moor J Agric Res 3: 147-154. Ojeniyi SO. 1980. Nutrient studies of NPK treated coffee plots. Plant Soil 56: 175-179. Omotoso TI. 1974.  The effect of fertilizer and irrigation on the leaf macronutrient composition of Coffea canephora during a year. Turrialba 24: 315-318. Opeke LK. 1987. Tropical tree crops. Spectrum Books Limited, Ibadan, Nigeria, p 247. Wood GAR and RA Lass. 1985.  Cocoa, 4th ed. London: Longman, pp. 620-632.


This research is about a digital temperature regulator in the fishpond. Which is a circuit through which the temperature of the fishpond is linearly controlled depending on the temperature of the water or the environment. This device makes use of a heating element, which goes ON/OFF when the temperature in the water becomes high/low or reaches a temperature higher or lower than the present value. The temperature sensor used is LM35 with a Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) in which its resistance falls as the operating temperature increases. The LM35 is a very sensitive device to heat, such as it can be used in a way that an increase in temperature will lead to a change in its resistance. Fishes survive in natural water under the very conditions it is assumed that natural waters have natural temperature regulators but in fishponds nevertheless. They find it difficult to survive in harsh weather conditions like the cool season (winter). The temperature will be controlled between 24°C – 30°C which is the optimum survival temperature of the fish. This is because, so as the temperature of the environment changes, so that of the water too by convection.


The alpha-2-macroglobulin superfamily consists of large multi-domain proteins that are activated by protease cleavage. One arm of this family consists of protease inhibitors that undergo a large conformational change upon protease cleavage, simultaneously physically trapping the cleaving protease and covalently linking to it via a thioester bond. However, there is little mechanistic understanding of how protease cleavage activates the conformational changes that lead to protease inactivation. These protease inhibitors are found in tetrameric, dimeric and monomer forms within eukaryotic blood/lymph fluid.

The recently described Escherichia coli alpha-2-macroglobulin (ECAM) is a periplasmic, inner membrane anchored protease inhibitor. The gene encoding ECAM, yfhM, is found within an operon alongside pbpC, which encodes penicillin binding protein 1C. These two proteins have been proposed to function in defence and repair against host proteases with ECAM acting to inhibit proteases that have breached the outer membrane and Pbp1C repairing damage to the peptide linkages within the peptidoglycan layer.

This thesis describes the structural and biophysical characterisation of ECAM and an investigation into the role of Pbp1C in ECAM function. In order to gain insight into the mechanism through which protease cleavage activates ECAM we used a combination of X-ray crystallography, small angle X-ray scattering and analytical ultracentrifugation to characterise the conformational changes that occur on protease cleavage. The X-ray structure of protease cleaved ECAM revealed a putative mechanism of activation and conformational change essential for protease inhibition. In this competitive mechanism, protease cleavage of the bait-region domain results in the untethering of an intrinsically disordered region of this domain which disrupts native inter-domain interactions that maintain ECAM in the inactivated form. Owing to the similarity in structure and domain architecture of ECAM and human α-2-macroglobulin, this protease-activation mechanism is likely to operate across the diverse members of this group. Further to this, it was shown that ECAM is processed in vivo, existing largely as truncated forms in growing E. coli cells. Interestingly, Pbp1C plays a key role in ECAM processing, with cell lacking pbpC showing an accumulation of full-length and dimeric forms of ECAM.


The effect of macroscopic cathode structures, which consisted of an array of the identical vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) columns in a particular arrangement, on the field emission was investigated. The electric field simulation based on the FEMLAB code showed characteristics of edge-induced U-shaped field distribution on CNT column. It was found that the degree of the field screening was dependent on VACNT-column array patterns, and that the overall field distribution depended on a number of VACNT columns at the periphery for the finite array size. Three different types of VACNT-column array cathodes were fabricated and tested for the field-electron emission: square, hexagonal, and triangular pattern arrays. All these VACNT-column array cathodes showed excellent electron-emission characteristics and a general trend consistent with field distribution simulations.


The University and Psychoanalysis have birth stories and different development. Despite their different origins, the contact between them has been developed, permeated by interdisciplinary dialogues, questions and tensions. What are the effects of this contact at both institutions? Following this direction, this work reflected on the relationship between Psychoanalysis and the University in its activities and dialogue. From experiential and historical data, and from texts of Freud and Lacan, it pointed to some difficulties and effects of this relationship, like: demand of analysis and of analytic training, theoretical enrichment of Psychoanalysis and other fields of knowledge. It concluded emphasizing the extra-academic character of training analyst and the importance of the warned presence of Psychoanalysis in the University and in other places where other knowledge and practices circulate, where the dialogue can be fruitful.


Recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH) enhances 131I uptake, permitting a decrease in radiation for the treatment of multinodular goiter (MNG). Our objective was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a single 0.1-mg dose of rhTSH, followed by 30 mCi 131I, in patients with MNG. Seventeen patients (15 females, 59.0 +/- 13.1 years), who had never been submitted to 131I therapy, received a single 0.1-mg injection of rhTSH followed by 30 mCi 131I on the next day. Mean basal thyroid volume measured by computed tomography was 106.1 +/- 64.4 mL. 131I 24-h uptake, TSH, free-T4, T3, thyroglobulin, anti-thyroid antibodies, and thyroid volume were evaluated at regular intervals of 12 months. Mean 131I 24-h uptake increased from 18.1 +/- 9.7 to 49.6 +/- 13.4% (P < 0.001), a median 2.6-fold increase (1.2 to 9.2). Peak hormonal levels were 10.86 +/- 5.44 mU/L for TSH (a median 15.5-fold increase), 1.80 +/- 0.48 ng/dL for free-T4, 204.61 +/- 58.37 ng/dL for T3, and a median of 557.0 ng/mL for thyroglobulin. The adverse effects observed were hyperthyroidism (17.6%), painful thyroiditis (29.4%) and hypothyroidism (52.9%). Thyroid volume was reduced by 34.3 +/- 14.3% after 6 months (P < 0.001) and by 46.0 +/- 14.6% after 1 year (P < 0.001). Treatment of MNG with a single 0.1-mg dose of rhTSH, followed by a fixed amount of radioactivity of 131I, leads to an efficacious decrease in thyroid volume for the majority of the patients, with a moderate incidence of non-serious and readily treatable adverse effects.


Statistical offices do not provide sufficiently disaggregated tax statistics for calculating the relative tax burden of SMEs. We estimate the respective average and median tax burden of small, medium-sized and big corporations in Germany for the period 1998 to 2007 using enterprises micro panel data by applying OLS and quantile regression techniques. We find that the average tax burden levied on profit over the ten years was about 24%, and thus lower than forward-looking techniques suggest. The majority of small corporations did bear a significantly lower burden than the residual bigger corporations. We also provide evidence that medium-sized corporations faced a significantly higher median tax burden than big corporation. This implies an inverse U-shaped trajectory of median tax burden with respect to size of enterprise. Presumably big corporations are internationally operating and hence have more opportunities to manipulate the tax base. Hence, medium-sized corporations seem to have been disadvantaged to big corporations within the German corporation tax. Finally, the size of tax relief provided by the "Tax Reform 2000" was correlated positively with size of enterprise. This size-dependent tax burden identifies a so far neglected type of tax distortion. Future tax reforms hence also have to address size neutrality.


In a prospective study, 25 children with nephroblastoma (Wilms' tumor) had preoperative plasma prorenin and renin concentrations measured. The mean plasma renin and prorenin concentrations in the patients were raised compared with a control group of patients without nephroblastoma. Four children had recurrence of tumor and, in three, this was associated with an increase in plasma prorenin concentration. Nephroblastoma tissue contained immunoreactive renin and renin messenger RNA, and the renin protein was immunologically and biochemically similar to normal human renin. We conclude that prorenin concentrations in plasma are an indicator of nephroblastoma.


This article assesses the utility of the notion of emerging powers in analysing key characteristics of Brazil's past and present policy towards peace operations. After decoupling emerging powers analytically from traditional middle powers, it addresses a series of political and behavioural factors specific to South America. Finally, the analysis identifies those elements derived from Brazil's emerging power status and South American identity that are of relevance in shaping the country's attitudes towards peace operations generally, and more specifically its participation in the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH). It reaches the conclusion that Brazil has acted as a model emerging power – in typically South American Fashion.


In her seminal work 'Spoilsports' Celia Brackenridge argued that a theory of sexual exploitation and abuse in sport was possible and necessary, but also set down some key challenges for researchers about the way in which it should be conceptualised. In particular, Brackenridge argued that it is not possible to arrive at anything like a comprehensive understanding of sexual exploitation in sport without engaging with theories of power. Over a decade after its publication, a response to the challenges she presented is well overdue. Whilst this task is beyond the scope of a single chapter, this discussion offers a contribution towards this effort whilst also serving as an introduction to key areas of debate within the field.


The main goal of computer vision is to identify and recognize different objects of various size, shape and position. The major problems faced by the computer vision is the illumination and the viewpoint of the object, Concerning this and by following multiple studies recurring to deep learning with the use of Convolution Neural Networks on detecting and recognizing objects that showed a high level of accuracy and precision on these tasks. To facilitate object detection in a college environment, the proposed work identifies the presence of a person wearing an ID card using tensor flow object detection API, detects and recognizes the face using haar cascade method of OpenCV.


Abstract Major fluctuations in carbon-isotope composition (−2.8 to +5.4‰), as well as in oxygen-isotope composition (−10.2 to −2.1‰), are documented for Hauterivian–Albian shallow-water platform carbonate deposits in Pădurea Craiului (Apuseni Mountains, Romania). A composite carbon- and oxygen-isotope curve reveals the OAE1a and OAE1b as the main oceanic anoxic events (OAEs). Black shales or organic-rich levels, generally associated with such events, are poorly developed in Pădurea Craiului, testifying to slightly different responses to the carbon cycle perturbation between shallow- and deep-water environments. Palaeotemperatures of about 16–35 °C can be envisaged for the Late Hauterivian and Barremian in Pădurea Craiului, similar to those inferred from belemnite stable-isotope data from the Bersek Quarry (Gerecse Mountains, Hungary). For the Early Aptian interval, the δ13C variation pattern in Pădurea Craiului is similar to that documented in the Rochovica section from the Slovak Western Carpathians, developed in a deeper-water environment, although the interval of variation in Pădurea Craiului corresponds better to other shallow-water environment sections in the western Tethys.


Summary A variety of data suggest that fibrinogen binding is necessary but not sufficient for platelet aggregation: post fibrinogen binding events may play an important role. The present study compared fibrinogen binding and platelet aggregation in response to dithiothreitol (DTT) and ADP. DTT induced saturable and specific fibrinogen binding (Kd 0.07 + 0.02 μM, Bmax 15,000 + 3000 molecules/platelet) which supported complete platelet aggregation as determined by single platelet counting. The aggregates were small, however, and more readily dissociated by EDTA than their ADP-treated counterparts, despite quantitatively similar fibrinogen binding. Unlike fibrinogen bound to ADP-stimulated platelets, fibrinogen bound to DTT-treated platelets remained sensitive to dissociation by EDTA over a 3 h time course, retained its ability to support aggregation, even when aggregation was induced 60 min after the initial platelet exposure to fibrinogen, and remained accessible to polyclonal antibodies and plasmin. Confocal scanning laser microscopy showed only surface clustering of fibrinogen bound to DTT-treated platelets over the 3 h time course compared to rapid fibrinogen clearing from the surface of ADP-stimulated platelets. These data suggest that post fibrinogen binding events involved in the stabilization of fibrinogen binding and/or the redistribution of bound fibrinogen may play important roles in regulating platelet aggregation.


In numerous medical reports and scientific papers, it is unequivocally stated that dirty hands increase the risk of gastrointestinal, respiratory and skin infections. The aim of the present study was to assess hand hygiene practices in Silesia, Poland. In 2012, 400 persons were observed in public toilets located in shopping centres of Silesia. Disguised, participant and controlled observations were used. Results indicated that women wash their hands more frequently and longer than men. Women washed their hands for 10.2 (standard deviation (SD) = 7.3) s on average, while men devoted an average of 8.2 (SD = 5.8) s to this activity. Men dried their hands for about 3 s longer and used soap more frequently than women. The study also revealed a significant relationship between the correctness of the hand-washing procedure and the place of observation ( p < 0.05). Based on the research and available literature, it can be concluded that health activities promoting the hand-washing procedure need to be introduced in Poland.


Differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC; papillary and follicular) constitute merely 0.5-1% of all malignancies in the world. The proper extent of their surgical resection has been discussed for many years. Two different approaches predominate in the literature. One group claims, that elective, modified radical neck dissection (MRND) should be performed. That strategy is supported by high frequency (80%) of observed "occult", clinically not evident, micrometastases in regional lymph nodes on the neck. On the other hand, there have been no studies so far which would unquestionably confirm the prognostic value of neck lymph node involvement in DTC, or the favorable influence of elective lymph node dissection on long-term survival. Therefore, other authors do not recommend prophylactic lateral neck dissection. MRND, apart from its doubtful influence on prognosis, is connected with a higher complication rate and longer hospitalization. The authors of this review also share this opinion.


The major developments and concepts in the study of terpenes (mainly monoterpenes) as well as C9-, C10-, C13-, C14- and C15- norisoprenoids in honey are summarized. Their occurrence and biosynthetic correlations (terpene transformations, particularly the generation of linalool derivatives as well as carotenoid degradation and the corresponding variety of norisoprenoids) are discussed considering the plant/nectar/bee-stomach composition and hive conditions (e.g. warm and acidic conditions that can lead to oxidative degradation of compounds). Terpenes up to C15 have been found as major compounds of the essential oils, but honeys from the same plant sources exhibit only partial similarity to the oil composition (e.g. lavender, sage or citrus essential oils/honeys). The formation of heat-derived or prolonged storage artefacts in honey (mainly the products of Maillard reactions and Strecker degradation reactions) influence the honey composition, and hotrienol is particularly labile among the chemical groups discussed. Stimulated by the challenges of fingerprinting methods and structure identification, exploratory studies (including our published results) on terpenes and norisoprenoids are summarized with emphasis on identifying specific or nonspecific chemical markers of the botanical origin of honey. In general, nonspecific biomarkers dominate in different honey types (e.g. monoterpenes: linalool, linalool oxide isomers or lilac alcohol/aldehyde isomers; norisoprenoids: isophorone and vomifoliol derivatives) while only a few specific biomarkers are found (e.g. anhydrolinalool oxide isomers, 3,4-dihydro-3-oxoedulan isomers, 3-oxo-retro-α-ionol isomers, kamahine A-C or meliracemoic acid).


Background: Surgical margin negativity is highly related to local recurrence of breast cancer. The authors performed this study to evaluate if specimen mammography or ultrasonography can replace the frozen section procedure for surgical margins. Methods: One-hundred fifty five patients with breast cancer were included in this study. After the surgery, the frozen biopsies were assessed in more than three different directions, and all specimens were analyzed with mammography and ultrasonography. The clinicopathologic characteristics of the patients were assessed, and closest tumor margin–resection margin distance (TM–RM distance) to the tumor was compared among specimen mammography, ultrasonography, and pathology. Results: On comparing initial cases of positive and negative margins, the mean closest TM–RM distance in specimen ultrasonography and final pathologic reports was statistically different between both groups (DCIS: p < 0.001, p = 0.006; IDC: p = 0.042, p = 0.022). Conclusion: When the closest TM–RM distance is less than 1.8 mm in specimen ultrasonography, the frozen section cannot be waived because of high risk of margin positivity. However, if the closest TM–RM distance is >4 mm in specimen ultrasonography, the frozen section can be omitted carefully because of the very low risk of margin positivity.


This study develops a climate communication recognition scheme (CCRS) for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Sites (WHS), in order to explore the communicative power of heritage to mobilize stakeholders around climate change. We present this scheme with the aim to influence site management and tourist decision-making by increasing climate awareness at heritage sites and among visitors and encouraging the incorporation of carbon management into heritage site management. Given the deficits and dysfunction in international governance for climate mitigation and inspired by transnational environmental governance tools such as ecolabels and environmental product information schemes, we offer "climate communication recognition schemes" as a corollary tool for transnational climate governance and communication. We assess and develop four dimensions for the CCRS, featuring 50 WHS: carbon footprint analysis, narrative potential, sustainability practices, and the impacts of climate change on heritage resources. In our development of a CCRS, this study builds on the "branding" value and recognition of UNESCO World Heritage, set against the backdrop of increasing tourism—including the projected doubling of international air travel in the next 15–20 years—and the implications of this growth for climate change. The CCRS, titled Climate Footprints of Heritage Tourism, is available online as an ArcGIS StoryMap.


Integration of light sources on a Si chip is one of milestone to establish new paradigm of LSI systems, so-called "silicon photonics." In recent years remarkable progress has been made in the Si wire waveguide technologies for optical interconnection on a Si chip. In this paper, several Er embedded materials based on silicon are surveyed from the standpoint of application to the light emission and amplification devices for silicon photonics. We have concentrated to investigate an erbium silicate (Er2SiO5) as a light source medium for silicon photonics. To mention the particular features, this material has a layered structure with 0.86-nm period and a large amount of Er (25at%) as its constituent. The single crystalline nature gives several remarkable properties for the application to silicon photonics. We also discuss our recent studies of Er2SiO5 and a possibility of the shorter waveguide amplifier.


This paper reports on the conceptual modeling of design information that is being undertaken to provide a framework into which information from different disciplines within the construction industry will fit. The information modeling, which is being undertaken using object-oriented analysis and design techniques, will allow information to be viewed from different perspectives and different levels of abstraction depending on the requirements of the particular have fully integrated models. This paper describes the models that were produced and the way in which integration was achieved in order not to force any participant to compromise in terms of viewing information from an unfamiliar perspective


In this paper we present an evolution of the DTD++ schema language for XML documents. The original DTD++ language provided support for a large and significant subset of XML Schema while maintaining a syntax closely resembling DTDs: thus the expressive power of XML Schema and the readability of DTDs were both supported in a modular architecture that could rely on a number of validating engine for XML schema. DTD++ did not provide solution for another big disadvantage of XML Schema and all other grammar-based validation languages: the inability (or limited ability) to express requirements on the co-existence or co-absence of elements and attributes, and other kind of reciprocal constraints cumulatively called coconstraints. The new version of DTD++, uninspiredly called DTD++ 2.0 and presented in this paper, provides a solution for specifying and verifying co-constraints on XML documents: by relying on one additional construct (conditional type assignment) and one additional predefined type (#ERROR) it is possible to express a large number of co-constraints in DTD++. Additionally, we describe an implementation of a validation engine for DTD++ 2.0 that maintains the main advantage of the previous version, in that it is but a pre-processor to any of a number of XML Schema validating engine, each of which can be used interchangeably. DTD++ 2.0: Adding support for co-constraints Table of


Introduction: Health promotion awareness activities by health agencies, such as those by the Public Health Agency of Canada, aim to increase health literacy, often using social media campaigns to reach large audiences. Objectives: The objective of this research was to explore how community peer-reviewed social media content can facilitate the reach of health promotion campaigns, with specific regard to awareness around fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), alcohol, and pregnancy in Atlantic Canada. Methods: We developed a health promotion social media campaign consisting of 16 digital posters, then implemented a community-based participatory peer-review process to request input and feedback from individuals with lived experiences, caregivers, professionals who work with individuals with FASD, and various advocates for FASD throughout Atlantic Canada. Reviewer comments were then directly applied to update poster content, which was redistributed for secondary approval before circulation on Facebook and Instagram. Results: Reviewer feedback was constructive, with various suggestions for updates being applied to images and text choices. Once posted, the health promotion campaign was well received and reached over half a million viewers across the two platforms in the first three months. Engagement and interactions were overall positive, with minimal negative responses and only one post flagged by the platform as a social issue advertisement. Discussion/Conclusion: With the inclusion of diverse voices from the FASD community in the co-creation of the content, we argue that the campaign's style, messaging, and language more accurately reflected the intended audiences and was made accessible to a wider demographic, thus strengthening awareness and prevention messages. We explore a health promotion social media campaign development process, providing valuable examples of how to encourage and create more safe spaces that promote open conversations about health and gradually dismantle outdated ideas and systems so we can begin addressing stigma by delivering accurate, non-judgmental health information.


Summary form only given, as follows. The One Atmosphere Uniform Glow Discharge Plasma (OAUGDP/spl trade/) is capable of operating at one atmosphere in air and other gases. The applications of OAUGDP/spl trade/ include surface sterilization and decontamination, plasma etching at one atmosphere, and aerodynamic flow control. The OAUGDP/spl trade/ can be produced in a wide range of geometrical configurations, ranging from slab plasma between parallel plates to surface plasma that can cover a flat or curved surface. We introduce a new and simple diagnostic technique to measure the electron number density and the collision frequency of the OAUGDP/spl trade/ in a quantitative and non-perturbing way. The key idea is using a microwave network analyzer to simultaneously measure the attenuation and the phase shift of a microwave signal when the signal propagates through the plasma.


As living creature, human being needs to communicate orally the another, through two activities: listening and speaking. These activities have been classified as the audio lingual skills of the language, and if we intend to master them, we have to practice listening and speaking using a great variety of drills from the simplest ones.
Language laboratory is one of the technological teaching learning aids which has been utilized in several schools, in order to improve the students listening and speaking skills so as to enable them to communicate orally in their foreign language, i.e. English. However considering that language laboratory is quite expensive to install and maintaining at is important to find out whether it is really influential for developing those two skills, or it can be substituted by other teaching learning aids. Besides, the writer is also anxious to know how it influences the teaching and learning of listening and speaking.
Then the writer came to observing each of those audio lingual skills, including the elements that should to considered to master listening and speaking. It was soon sound out that in order to listen with comprehension, it involve good mastery of recognizing the English sounds differentiating each of them from other sounds and then later comprehending English words, phrases, sentences and finally dialogues or reading passages. While in order to speak with quality, we must have good mastery at grammar, pronunciation including speaking, stress and intonations and fluency. All of these aspects an be learned through several drills, for examples: minimal pairs, repetition practice, responding to certain statements. Filling in the missing parts, dictation, dramatizing dialogues, modifying already-memorized dialogues, and others. And these drills are better done in a language laboratory, since language laboratory can provide good clarify of sound, untiring models of speech, and psychologically, it gives the students sense of individual since each student is equipped with an individual booth, by which he can work on his own speed, without getting embarrassed of being corrected if he makes errors. There are several types of language laboratory they are: Listen-Respond Laboratory, Listen-Respond Laboratory with Activated Headphones, Listen-Respond-Compare Laboratory, and Listen-Respond-Compare Laboratory with Remote Control. However, in this thesis, the writer decides to choose a Listen-Respond-Compare Laboratory for the application of teaching listening and speaking, since in this kind of laboratory each student is equipped with a tape recorder in this both, so as to enable him to record his own utterances and compare them with those of the native speakers as often as he likes, and therefore gives more opportunity to improve his quality of pronunciation and intonation.
Several types of drills/ exercises which can be done in the language laboratory are also presented, in order to clarify the process of establishing listening and speaking abilities. Besides, it is also crucial to describe the equipments supporting a Listen-Respond-Compare Laboratory by which the teacher can mange a two way communication with his students, and the students have a freedom to work on their own pace or well.
The examples of teaching and learning activities enclosed are intended to contribute clearer view about the application of audio lingual method in the teaching of listening and speaking using language laboratory.
Hopefully, this study will encourage English teachers and SMA students to make use of language laboratory as an influential and helpful aid to master listening and speaking skills.


The "mid-domain effect" (MDE) has received much attention as a candidate explanation for patterns in species richness over large geographic areas. Mid-domain models generate a central peak in richness when species ranges are placed randomly within a bounded geographic area (i.e. the domain). Until now, domain limits have been described mostly in one-dimension, usually latitude or elevation, and only occasionally in two-dimensions. Here we test 1-D, 2-D and, for the first time, 3-D mid-domain models and assess the effects of geometric constraints on species richness in North American amphibian, bird, mammal and tree species. Using spatially lagged simultaneous autoregressive models, empirical richness was predicted quite well by the mid-domain predictions and the spatial autoregressive term (45–92% R2). However, our results show that empirical species richness peaks do deviate from those of the MDE predictions in 3 dimensions. Variation explained (R2) by MDE predictions generally increased with increasing mean range size of the different biotic groups (from amphibian, to tree, mammal and finally bird data), and decreased with increasing dimensions being accounted for in the models. The results suggest geometric constraints alone can explain much of the variation in species richness with elevation, specifically with respect to the larger-range taxa, birds and mammals. Our analysis addresses many of the recent methodological criticisms directed at studies testing the MDE, and our results support the hypothesis that species diversity patterns are influenced by geometric constraints.


Background. To influence adolescent health, a greater understanding of time use and covariates such as gender is required. Purpose. To explore gender-specific time use patterns in Australian adolescents using high-resolution time use data. Method. This study analyzed 24-hour recall time use data collected as part of the 2007 Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (n = 2,200). Univariate analyses to determine gender differences in time use were conducted. Results. Boys spent more (p < .0001) time participating in screen-based (17.7 % vs. 14.2% daily time) and physical activities (10.7% vs. 9.2%). Girls spent more (p < .0001) time being social (4.7% vs. 3.4% daily time), studying (2.0% vs. 1.7%), and doing household chores (4.7% vs. 3.4%). Conclusions. There are gender-specific differences in time use behavior among Australian adolescents. The results reinforce existing time use gender-based stereotypes. Implications. The gender-specific time use behaviors offer intervention design possibilities.


Errors made during the requirements collection and analysis phase make it very difficult to maintain the software product and cost the company extra costs. The difficulty of directly collecting requirements from stakeholders is due to inconsistencies between the major stakeholder groups, as well as related factors in the collection of requirements itself, as well as the selected methodology for the process of converting stakeholder requirements into development requirements. As a solution, it is necessary to use a high level of prioritization in order to distinguish among many requirements the necessary for successful implementation of the product, as well as to correctly allocate compliance with the requirements in such a way that each group of stakeholders is satisfied, but at the same time setting the goals of the supersystem more priority than the goals of the subsystem. This article discusses the methodology of system engineering to solve issues related to the identification of possible contradictions of requirements.


Despite the growth of the Internet and the increasing concern for privacy of online communications, current deployments of anonymization networks depends on a very small set of nodes that volunteer their bandwidth. We believe that the main reason is not disbelief in their ability to protect anonymity, but rather the practical limitations in bandwidth and latency that stem from limited participation. This limited participation, in turn, is due to a lack of incentives. We propose providing economic incentives, which historically have worked very well. In this technical report, we demonstrate a payment scheme that can be used to compensate nodes which provide anonymity in Tor, an existing onion routing, anonymizing network. We show that current anonymous payment schemes are not suitable and introduce a hybrid payment system based on a combination of the Peppercoin Micropayment system and a new type of "one use" electronic cash. Our system claims to maintain users' anonymity, although payment techniques mentioned previously — when adopted individually — provably fail.


When a brahmin priest rescues a tiger from a cage, he is shocked when the tiger threatens to eat him. The tiger argues that there is no reason why he shouldn't eat the brahmin, because he says that humans are the most ungrateful creatures on earth. The tiger agrees to spare him if the brahmin can find a witness who doesn't believe that all humans are ungrateful.


Background The Collaborative Care Model is a well-established, evidence-based approach to treating depression and other common behavioral health conditions in primary care settings. Despite a robust evidence base, real world implementation of Collaborative Care has been limited and very slow. The goal of this analysis is to better understand the relationship between training, technical assistance, and implementation in the largest state-led Collaborative Care program in the nation—the New York State Collaborative Care Medicaid Program.Data are presented using the RE-AIM model, examining the proportion of clinics in each of the model's five stages from 2014 to 2019.MethodsWe used the RE-AIM model to shape our data presentation, focusing on the proportion of clinics moving into each of the five stages of this model over the years of implementation. Data sources included: a New York State Office of Mental Health clinic tracking database, billing applications, quarterly reports, and Medicaid claims.ResultsA total lf 84% of clinics with which OMH had an initial contact [n = 611clinics (377 FQHCs and 234 non-FQHCs)] received some form of training and technical assistance. 51% went on to complete a billing application, 41% reported quarterly data at least once, and 20% were able to successfully bill Medicaid. 79% of clinics that reported data maintained Collaborative Care for one year or more. The receipt of any training and technical assistance was significantly associated with our implementation indices: (completed billing application, data reporting, billing Medicaid, and maintaining Collaborative Care). The average percent of patient improvement for depression and anxiety across 155 clinics that had at least one quarter of data was 44.81%. Training and technical assistance source (Office of Mental Health, another source, or both) and intensity (high/low) were significantly related to implementation indices and were observed in FQHC versus non-FQHC samples.ConclusionsOffering Collaborative Care training and technical assistance, particularly high intensity training and technical assistance, increases the likelihood of implementation. Other state-wide organizations might consider the provision of training and technical assistance when assisting clinics to implement Collaborative Care.


It is well known by every student of Iranian, that the Samanid dynasty (10th-11th centuries) contributed greatly to the development and empowerment of the Persian language. Despite a considerable amount of publications on this subject, however, to the best of my knowledge, none of them has enjoyed a linguistic basis.1 When we talk about the history or evolution of a language, we must provide a firm linguistic basis for our claims. This essay aims to demonstrate the contributions of the Samanid Period to the development of Persian from a socio-linguistic point of view, that of "language planning". In my opinion, the Samanids were the first authorities that adopted a scientific and systematic approach to saving the Persian language from a gradual death.


The UNIX operating system (TM Bell Laboratories) has achieved a high degree of popularity in recent years. It is rapidly becoming a defacto standard as the operating system for 16 and 32 bit microcomputers. The adoption of this operating system by the physics community offers several substantial advantages; a portable software environment (editors, file system, etc.), freedom to choose among a variety of higher-level languages for software applications, and computer hardware vendor independence.


Lack of striking clinical presentation makes the diagnosis of vascular lesions a difficult task. There lies a great probability that a case of capillary hemangioma at a rare location like the palate in a pregnant female might be misdiagnosed. Definitive diagnosis can only be made after thorough clinical and histopathological examination. Additional care needs to be exercised in a pregnant female while treating any tumor-like growth, including maintenance of diet and oral hygiene. We present one such case of capillary hemangioma of the palate in a pregnant female, along with treatment considerations.


A union bound analysis of the bit error probability of parallel concatenated single parity check (SPC) array and zigzag code is presented. It is shown that the union bounds for these codes can be generated very efficiently. It is also shown that the simple codes studied can achieve comparable performances as the turbo codes (yet has much lower decoding costs as discussed in an earlier paper). It illustrates that, for a fixed interleaver size, the concatenated code has increased code potential as its dimension, i.e., the number of interleavers, increases (which raises decoding costs linearly, not exponentially as for increased constraint length). Finally, the analysis shows that the zigzag codes with dimension greater than three have lower error floors than comparable two-dimensional turbo codes.


Heteroatom-bridged dichlorinated calix[2]arene[2]triazines, which were synthesized from the fragment coupling reactions of cyanuric chloride and various aromatic dinucleophiles, are a unique type of platform for the construction of functional macrocyclic host molecules. Utilizing a very convenient and straightforward nucleophilic displacement reaction of dichlorinated tetraoxacalix[2]arene[2]triazine by various chelating group-containing amines, a number of functionalized tetraoxacalix[2]arene[2]triazines on the larger rim were efficiently synthesized in good yields. The resulting tetraoxacalix[2]arene[2]triazines armed with two 2,2'-bi(pyridinyl)amino or two bis(2-pyridinemethyl)amino groups selectively formed 1:1 complexes with Cu2+ ion through most probably a chelating interaction effect.


An analysis of radiologic practice in five areas of Maine was undertaken for three purposes: to identify those radiologic examinations associated with the highest variation in use so that guidelines can be instituted to correct for excess use; to identify the major contributors to absorbed dose to the active bone marrow; and to estimate annual and cumulative dose to the active bone marrow as a function of age. Our data indicate that variation in radiologic use is no larger, on average, than is variation in the use of surgical procedures and that the largest variations are found in mammograms and films of the skull and lumbar spine. For all patient age groups, four types of examinations contribute 75%-85% of the annual dose to the active bone marrow: examinations of the stomach and intestines using barium contrast material, intravenous urograms, studies of the biliary tract, and lumbar spine films. Over 80% of the total dose to the active bone marrow from diagnostic radiology in patients occurs after age 40 and nearly 60% after age 55; this suggests that the potential number of induced leukemias from diagnostic radiology may be lower than previously estimated.


This study explores the return persistence properties, styles, and fund characteristics of hedge funds that mainly invest in Asia. We examine, for the first time, a high resolution hedge fund dataset which includes monthly return information as well as detailed fund characteristics data. We find that the returns of Asian hedge funds persist most strongly at monthly horizons to quarterly horizons. This persistence weakens considerably when we lengthen the measurement period beyond a quarter, and does not appear to be due to the imputation of fees or to systematic risk as measured by a simple factor model. Further, we show that Asian funds comove largely with a common Asian equity markets component. Other major components that explain the cross-sectional variation in Asian hedge fund returns include a CTA component, two macro components, and three multi-strategy components. The seven style components in total explain about 64% of the variation in returns. Next, we study the relationship between the cross-section of fund returns and fund characteristics. We document a positive relationship between holding firm size and fund returns which is consistent with an "economies of scale" explanation. Moreover, we find that funds with higher redemption (lockup) periods achieve higher returns on average due to their ability to extricate from their positions in a timely fashion in the face of redemptions. However, there is no evidence to suggest that funds with higher expenses (management and performance fees) achieve higher returns.


This paper reports on an underwater cooperative localization algorithm for faulty low-bandwidth communication channels based on a factor graph estimation framework. Vehicles measure the one-way-travel-time (OWTT) of acoustic broadcasts to obtain a relative range observation to the transmitting vehicle. We present a method to robustly share locally observed sensor data across the network by exploiting odometry factor composition. Our algorithm calls on approximate marginalization techniques to compute a compact set of informative factors that enable local navigation data to be shared efficiently. We provide results from a real-time implementation of our algorithm using two autonomous underwater vehicles and a surface vehicle.


PolarLight is a space-borne X-ray polarimeter that measures the X-ray polarization via electron tracking in an ionization chamber. It is a collimated instrument and thus suffers from the background on the whole detector plane. The majority of background events are induced by high energy charged particles and show ionization morphologies distinct from those produced by X-rays of interest. Comparing on-source and off-source observations, we find that the two datasets display different distributions on image properties. The boundaries between the source and background distributions are obtained and can be used for background discrimination. Such a means can remove over 70% of the background events measured with PolarLight. This approaches the theoretical upper limit of the background fraction that is removable and justifies its effectiveness. For observations with the Crab nebula, the background contamination decreases from 25% to 8% after discrimination, indicative of a polarimetric sensitivity of around 0.2 Crab for PolarLight. This work also provides insights into future X-ray polarimetric telescopes.


The fleshy leaves and roots of most species within the Aloe family are used in many traditional treatments (Mabberley, 1987). Traditional healers and indigenous people utilize mainly the leaf sap of this genus widely for the treatment of wounds, burns, rashes, itches, cracked lips and cracked skin (Cera et al., 1980). Antimicrobial activities on the crude extract of Aloe exclesa was carried out in attempts to validate the use by traditional healers in the use of there latex and gel exudates for various medicinal ailments.


Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA

The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 is a negative regulator of the cell cycle. Reduced expression of p27Kip1 has prognostic significance in several human epithelial cancers. Loss of p27Kip1 expression in cancer cells correlates with tumor aggressiveness, depth of tumor cell invasion and with lack of tumor cell differentiation. However, p27Kip1 also promotes apoptosis and contraction of effector CD4+ T cells, suggesting the potential that suppression of epithelial tumorigenesis may be linked to an intrinsic function of p27Kip1 in T cells. Here we show both mRNA and protein expression of p27Kip1 are significantly decreased in a murine model wherein a T cell-restricted deletion of the gene encoding the TGF-β intermediate, Smad4 (Smad4TKO), results in spontaneous colitis that invariably progresses to colon cancer by the age of 8 months. This phenotype is associated with a consistent decline in the mucosal expression of p27Kip1. To further investigate the role of p27Kip1 in the maintenance of intestinal mucosal homeostasis, we generated a 'double knockout' (Smad4TKO / p27Kip1-/- or 'DKO') mouse model in which a germ line p27Kip1 gene deletion (p27Kip1-/-) is combined with the T cell-restricted deletion of the Smad4 gene (Smad4TKO). All DKO mice develop spontaneous gastrointestinal inflammation and colon carcinoma by 1-2 months and 3 months of age, respectively. The p27Kip1 gene deletion, when combined with the T cell-restricted deletion of the Smad4 gene, leads to progressive inflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α, IFN-γ, iNOS, IL-6, IL-1β), activation of Stat1 and Stat3 and suppression of the expression of the tumor suppressor, 15-PGDH. Collectively our data suggest that p27Kip1 deficiency promotes gastrointestinal epithelial malignancy through both enhancement of proliferation of mucosal epithelial cells and through expansion of mucosal effector memory T cells.

Citation Format: Sung Hee Choi, Byung-Gyu Kim, Letterio J. John. p27Kip1 suppression of colitis-associated colon cancer mediated through cell intrinsic function in both mucosal epithelia and mucosal T cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-251. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-251


The Carbonifeorus-Permian volcanic rocks of the Intra-Sudetic Basin represent products of late- to post-collisional volcanism associated with extension within the eastern part of the Variscan belt of Europe. The volcanic succession is subdivided into the older, calc-alkaline suite (the early and late Carboniferous) and the younger, mildly alkaline suite (the late Carboniferous and early Permian). The rhyodacites with subordinate basaltic andesites and andesites of the older suite show convergent plate margin affinities. The rhyolitic tuffs, rhyolites with less widespread trachyandesites and basaltic trachyandesites of the younger suite are largely characterised by within-plate affinities, with some gradations towards convergent plate margin affinities. This geochemical variation compares well with that found in some Tertiary-Recent extensional settings adjacent to former active continental margins (e.g. the Basin and Range province of the SW USA). The parental magmas for each suite of the Intra-Sudetic Basin possibly originated from similar, garnet free mantle sources at relatively shallow depths (within the subcontinental mantle?), but at variable degrees of partial melting (lower for the mildly alkaline rocks). The convergent plate margin-like geochemical signatures of the volcanic rocks may either have been inherited from their mantle sources, or be related to the assimilation of crustal rocks by the ascending and fractionating primary magmas. The intermediate-acidic rocks within each suite mainly originated due to fractional crystallisation of variable mineral assemblages equivalent to the observed phenocrysts (mainly plagioclase and pyroxenes, with hornblende and biotite in the calc-alkaline suite, and K-feldspar in the mildly alkaline suite). The trace element patterns of the volcanic rocks were also strongly influenced by fractionation of accessory minerals, such as spinels, ilmenite, zircon, apatite and others. The petrographic evidence (e.g. quartz phenocrysts with reaction rims, complexly zoned or sieve-textured feldspar phenocrysts) suggests that assimilation and/or magma mixing processes might also have taken place during the evolution of the magmas.