The authors present an additional retropancreatic access path used in the treatment of suppurations that are subsequent to severe acute pancreatitis. The approach utilized by them, namely the submesocolic one, involves the performance of the decollement and reclining to the right of Treitz's angle, thus granting full access to the pancreatic compartment situated to the left of the superior mesenteric vascular pedicle. The indication for the use of this retropancreatic approach is determined on CT scan criteria, after receiving the data offered by the oral and intravenous contrast media. The ratio between the collections and Treitz's angle can be evaluated accurately. The usage of this access path is not isolated, classical approaches being concomitanlty used as a rule through the omental bursa and the retroduodenopancreatic approach. The method presented is meant to complete the range of already accepted approaches and offer some guarantee with regard to the decrease of retropancreatic suppurative processes, with the purpose of reducing either planned or selective reinterventions. The experience of the authors is still limited (12 cases), and their presentation must be appreciated as a preliminary note which impels to reflection upon a complete debridement of suppurated necroses. It offers a short and direct path to the retropancreatic space, which is often impossible to reach through the wide access path of the omental bursa.


We calculate the invariant subspaces in the linear representation of the group of algebraic automorphisms of ℂn on the vector space of algebraic vector fields on ℂn and more generally we do this in a setting with parameter. As an application to the field of Several Complex Variables we get a new proof of the Andersen–Lempert observation and a parametric version of the Andersen–Lempert theorem. Further applications to the question of embeddings of ℂk into ℂn are announced.


Background Health care provider organizations are complex and dynamic environments. Consequently, how the physical and social environment of such organizations interact with an individual is a primary driver of an individual's experience. Increasingly, the capabilities required for them to successfully interact with those within their care are critically dependent on the information infrastructure they have in place, which enables people, both patients and staff, to work optimally together to deliver their clinical and operational objectives. Objective This study aims to design a framework to address the challenge of how to assemble information systems in health care to support an improved sense of coherence for patients, as well as potentially innovate patients' experiences, by connecting and orchestrating the synergy among people, processes, and systems. Methods It is necessary to understand the needs of health care providers and patients to address this challenge at a level relevant to information process design and technology development. This paper describes the design science research method used to combine the sense of coherence, which is a core concept within the Antonosky salutogenic approach to health and well-being, with an established information infrastructure maturity framework, demonstrating the coalescence of 2 distinct conceptual perspectives on care delivery. This paper provides an approach to defining a positive and supportive health care experience and linking this to the capabilities of an information- and technology-enabled environment. Results This research delivers a methodology for describing the patient experience in a form relevant to information infrastructure design, articulating a pathway from information infrastructure to patient experience. It proposes that patient experience can be viewed pragmatically in terms of the established sense of coherence concept, with its ability to identify and guide resources to modulate a patient's environmental stressors. This research establishes a framework for determining and optimizing the capability of a facility's information infrastructure to support the sense of coherence defined by the experiences of its patients. Conclusions This groundbreaking research provides a framework for health care provider organizations to understand and assess the ability of their information infrastructure to support and improve the patient experience. The tool assists providers in defining their technology-dependent operational goals around patient experience and, consequently, in identifying the information capabilities needed to support these goals. The results demonstrate how a fundamental shift in thinking about the use of information infrastructure can transform the patient experience. This study details an approach to describing information infrastructure within an experience-oriented framework that enables the impact of technology on experience to be designed explicitly. The contribution to knowledge is a new perspective on modeling how information infrastructure can contribute to supportive health-promoting environments. Furthermore, it may significantly affect the design and deployment of future digital infrastructures in health care.


Editor's Note: In this section William F. McClelland describes the activities of the Applied Science Mathematical Committee on the 701. He lists the programs that were supplied to customers and gives a tracing program as an example. He also gives some 1951 ideas looking toward automatic programming. In his paper in the Architecture section of this issue, Rochester refers to programming, and we print here names of several programs he listed in October 1951.


The development of highly compact and energy-efficient systems is critical for world energy security and technology leadership. Due to the abundance of natural gas, the natural gas fueled distributed energy systems that lower the energy consumption and utility costs would be ideal in the U.S. as well as worldwide markets. To meet these objectives, researchers from Enginuity Power Systems (EPS) are currently working on the development of an ultra-efficient Combined Heat and Power (CHP) system for residential and commercial applications. These CHP systems generate electricity at the point of use while also meeting the space and water heating demands. Furthermore, a single CHP system replaces the conventional electricity generator, space, and water heating systems in residential and commercial applications. The main technical objective of this research article is the demonstration of the fundamental design and performance characteristics of an EPS's 6 kW–10 kW CHP system intended for residential applications. The proposed residential system utilized a mirror-balanced, patented, inwardly opposed piston, four-stroke internal combustion engine as a prime mover. This novel four-stroke opposed piston design resolved the scavenging, cooling, and lubrication issues faced by the conventional opposed designs in the market while also maintaining the power density, balancing, and performance benefits. Initially, a series of experiments were conducted on the proposed system for different speeds and throttle openings. Later, the combustion, performance, and quantified energy loss pathways were presented at Wide Open Throttle (WOT) conditions to demonstrate the performance benefits of the proposed system. Finally, a performance-oriented framework was developed for the proposed CHP system for future efforts.


Understanding religious privilege involves extending our abilities to think in complex ways about difficult issues. Respecting differences in religious values also involves the ability to manage our own emotions, listen without judgment and differentiate between personal values and the assumption that these values are universal.


Gastroenterologists are pausing to reflect on the risks of immunomodulation and reassess the benefits of biological tratment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This is constructive. Every experienced gastroenterologist can recall a case of disseminated varicella zoster, Pneumocystis spp pneumonia or severe sepsis from an otherwise unheard of opportunistic pathogen in a patient with IBD on immunomodulators that they put down to, well, experience. A near disaster skilfully managed, perhaps, but a catastrophe for the patient—especially if such infection was preventable in the first place. So it is indeed constructive that IBD specialists who have long advocated early or increasing use of immunomodulators are sufficiently confident to appraise the risks of infection inherent to immunosuppression. This is precisely what the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (ECCO) has set out to do with their new Consensus on opportunistic infections in IBD.1 It answers the call for a Consensus made in a review of the prevention and diagnosis of opportunistic infections, published in Gut last year.2 It is aimed at specialist gastroenterologists making the diagnosis of and managing patients with IBD. Although the practical implications of the ECCO Consensus for general gastroenterologists are substantial, they are worth the candle. Vaccination and chemoprevention of infection in healthy visitors to exotic locations is accepted by travellers and the community alike, although the absolute risk of infection is generally very much less than the risk of opportunistic infection faced by patients with IBD taking immunomodulators or biological treatment.

So what is the absolute risk of infection in patients with IBD? Inevitably this is difficult to quantify, since there has been no systematic study. The best data come from the carefully controlled trials of biological treatment. In a recent report on adverse events in the global trials of adalimumab for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Crohn's …


This study was done to find a correlation between adipokines such as tumor necrosis- alpha (TNF-α)  and autoantigens such as anti-tyrosine phosphatase (IA2) with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). For this purpose, one hundred forty adult males were selected. 90 of them were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and 50 healthy males). The subjects were divided into four groups. Group 1 had healthy controls with body mass index (BMI) between 18.5-25, group 2 had individuals who suffered from obesity only (BMI above 30), group 3 consisted of diabetes patients and group 4 had individuals who were diagnosed with both obesity and diabetes. The enzyme immunoassay was intended for quantification determination of TNF in serum. The results found a significantly (p≤0.001) higher  concentration of TNF-α  (21.01 ± 1.27 pg/ml) in patients suffering from both obesity and diabetes in comparison with the control (5.33 ± 0.67 pg/ml), obese patients (12.63 ± 1.35 pg/ml) and diabetes patients group (13.32 ± 0.83 pg/ml). Chi-square analysis found a significantly (p≤0.001) higher  prevalence of abnormal TNF-α in males suffering from both obesity and diabetes, 73.33% compared with diabetes non-obese males 31.1%. A  significant positive correlation (p≤0.01) was found between TNF-α with BMI (r= 0.65) and HbA1c (r= 0.57). No significant differences in IA2 concentration were observed between all groups.Also no significant correlation was observed between IA2 with BMI and HbA1c.


Use of supergravity equations in astronomy and late‐universe cosmology is often criticized on three grounds: (i) phenomenological success usually depends on the supergravity form for the scalar potential applying at the relevant energies; ( ii$ii$ ) the low‐energy scalar potential is extremely sensitive to quantum effects involving very massive particles and so is rarely well‐approximated by classical calculations of its form; and ( iii$iii$ ) almost all Standard Model particles count as massive for these purposes and none of these are supersymmetric. Why should Standard Model loops preserve the low‐energy supergravity form even if supersymmetry is valid at energies well above the electroweak scale? We use recently developed tools for coupling supergravity to non‐supersymmetric matter to estimate the loop effects of heavy non‐supersymmetric particles on the low‐energy effective action, and provide evidence that the supergravity form is stable against integrating out such particles (and so argues against the above objection). This suggests an intrinsically supersymmetric picture of Nature where supersymmetry survives to low energies within the gravity sector but not the visible sector (for which supersymmetry is instead non‐linearly realized). We explore the couplings of both sectors in this picture and find that the presence of auxiliary fields in the gravity sector makes the visible sector share many features usually attributed to linearly realized supersymmetry although (unlike for the MSSM) a second Higgs doublet is not required for all Yukawa couplings to be non‐vanishing and changes the dimension of the operator generating the Higgs mass. We discuss the naturalness of this picture and some of the implications it might have when searching for dark‐sector physics.


BACKGROUND/AIM
The mechanism of valproic acid (VPA)-induced teratogenicity is poorly known. This study was carried out to probe into the potential consequences of nitric oxide (NO) deprivation on VPA teratogenicity.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
On gestation day 8, mice were injected with a non-teratogenic dose (20 mg/kg) of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl esther (L-NAME). Thirty minutes later, animals received a teratogenic dose of VPA (400 or 500 mg/kg). Developmental end-points were evaluated near the end of gestation.

RESULTS
After treatment with VPA at 400 mg/kg, 35.2% of fetuses exhibited skeletal teratogenesis. The rate of skeletally affected fetuses significantly increased to 53.7% after L-NAME co-administration. In the group treated with VPA at 500 mg/kg group, L-NAME pre-treatment increased the incidence of exencephaly from 5.4% to 22.2%.

CONCLUSION
Inhibition of NO synthesis can result in an enhancement of VPA-induced teratogenesis.


Introduction: About 32% of men with high-risk prostate cancer have comorbidities, conditions that may be under-represented in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Because men enrolled on RCTs are often excluded if they have multiple comorbidities, these patients may be at higher risk for serious toxicities from cancer therapies that the results of RCTs may not reflect. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that 90-day mortality rates in men undergoing treatment with abiraterone (a novel agent for treating castration-resistant prostate cancer) in the community settings is higher than that observed in the pivotal trial. Methods: SEER-Medicare linked data with Medicare Drug Event File during the period 2006-2012 were used to identify patients who filled prescriptions for abiraterone during the study period and these patients were followed through 12/31/2013 for overall mortality. Ninety-day mortality after abiraterone initiation among patients with Charlson score 0 was compared to that in the pivotal abiraterone trial published in the New England Journal of Medicine 2011. Results: We identified 1,106 patients who took abiraterone during the study period. Among them, 484 (43.8%) were age 75 or older at the time of abiraterone initiation and 61 (5.5%) had comorbidity score 2 or higher. Hospitalization rates among those who had abiraterone were 0.09 per person month during the 6-month window before the initiation of abiraterone and 0.12 per person month within 3 months of drug initiation. The top five diagnoses for hospital admission after drug initiation were general symptoms (ICD-9 780), malignant neoplasm of prostate (ICD-9 185), respiratory abnormality (ICD-9 786), care involving rehabilitation (ICD-9 V57), and urinary tract infection (ICD-9 599). The 90-day all-cause mortality after drug initiation was 14.5% (95% 12.4% - 16.5%) in the entire study cohort, 13.0% (95% CI 10.4% - 15.7%) among those under age 75 and 16.3% (13.0% - 19.6%) among those 75 or older. The 90-day mortality was 15.5% (95% CI 12.2% - 18.8%), 12.8% (95% CI 6.2% - 19.3%), and 18.0% (95% CI 8.3% - 27.8%) among patients with comorbidity score 0, 1, and 2+ respectively. The 90-day mortality among patients with comorbidity 0 in the community settings is substantially higher than those found in the pivotal trial abiraterone arm (risk ratio 2.03; 95% CI 1.48 - 2.78) and control arm (risk ratio 1.43; 1.01 - 2.03). Conclusion: This first US national study shows that 90-day mortality after abiraterone among relatively healthy patients in the community settings is twice that observed in the pivotal trial abiraterone arm. Further studies are needed to improve selection of eligible patients and post-treatment monitoring. Citation Format: Grace L. Lu-Yao, Dirk F. Moore, Yong Lin, Timothy R. Rebbeck, Kitaw Demissie, David Rotter, Kimberly A. McGuigan, Anthony V. D'Amico. Short-term outcomes of abiraterone in community settings. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4305.


A numerical technique is presented to optimize the design of quadrupole magnetic coil systems, such as presently used in tandem mirror fusion experiments. The optimization is carried out with respect to various plasma physics properties (e.g., MHD stability and reduced radial transport of particles) which depend on the magnetic field geometry. The coils are treated as filaments of infinitesimal thickness and the magnetic field is computed in the paraxial limit. Constraints on the coil shape and on the magnetic geometry can be incorporated into the method. It is demonstrated that coil solutions can be found which match given paraxial field profiles or which directly minimize a scalar functional of these profiles. As an interesting application of the latter technique, a filamentary coil design for a nearly omnigenous anchor is obtained.


BACKGROUND
The appropriate duration of albendazole therapy in neurocysticercosis is uncertain. The observation in small uncontrolled randomized trials in children that short-course therapy (1 week) is as effective as the conventional regimen (4weeks) must be tested.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy of 1 and 4 weeks of albendazole therapy in children with single small enhancing computed tomographic lesion (SSECTL).

STUDY DESIGN
An open-labeled, randomized, clinical trial.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
One hundred twenty children with SSECTLs presenting with seizure.

INTERVENTION
The subjects were assigned to two groups using random tables: group A (n=58) received albendazole for 1 week and group B (n=62) for 4 weeks. All the subjects were followed up for 6 months.

RESULTS
The proportions of subjects with complete resolution of lesion in the two groups were similar (group A 63.8% versus group B 51.6%). The proportion of subjects in the two groups in whom the lesion calcified on follow up (group A 19% versus group B 24.2%) also did not differ significantly. The incidence of seizure recurrence during the 6-month follow-up period was also similar in both the groups (group A 9.6% versus group B 3.4%, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION
One week of albendazole therapy is as effective as 4 weeks of therapy in children with SSECTLs.


Abstract Several databases of written language exist in Spanish that manage important information on the lexical and sublexical characteristics of words. However, there is no database with information on the productivity and frequency of use of derivational suffixes: sublexical units with an essential role in the formation of orthographic representations and lexical access. This work examines these two measures, known as type and token frequencies, for a series of 50 derivational suffixes and their corresponding orthographic endings. Derivational suffixes are differentiated from orthographic endings by eliminating pseudoaffixed words from the list of orthographic endings (cerveza [beer] is a simple word despite its ending in -eza). We provide separate data for child and adult populations, using two databases commonly accessed by psycholinguists conducting research in Spanish. We describe the filtering process used to obtain descriptive data that will provide information for future research on token and type frequencies of morphemes. This database is an important development for researchers focusing on the role of morphology in lexical acquisition and access.


This writing explains about encyclopedia book of Jakarta's Means of transportation using augmented reality technique. This encyclopedia book consists of 7 (seven) sheets which each one discusses about the Jakarta's means of transportation with a marker named QR-code. Each marker on each sheet shows a means of transportation model in 3D (dimension) along with the animation. This book is made by using library AR Toolkit software. Blender 2.64 application is used to make the 3D Jakarta means of transportation, meanwhile Adobe Photoshop CS4 is used to make the marker. The output of this application is 3D vehicle models with animation that can be seen when webcam is pointed to the marker. This application is made as a new learning and introduction media for the society especially kids to know more about means of transportation operated in Jakarta.


The COVID-19 flare-up in Indonesia has been reacted to with detachment by the focal government, which stressed that Indonesia has not experienced numerous instances of contamination, if by any stretch of the imagination The Indonesia wellbeing priest had likewise created a ruckus with his open proclamation on the COVID-19 when he urged the individuals to depend on 'petition' as a preventive mark as he ticked off the individuals who purchased covers at a more significant expense Actually, the COVID-19 episode has in truth devastatingly affected Indonesia's economy, particularly the movement and the travel industry segment The marvel of agreement marriage is a typical wonder that happens in the Southeast Asian area The act of agreement relationships is as of now predominant in a few Southeast Asian nations, for example, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia In Indonesia, the act of agreement relationships happens in a few locales, for example, West Java, Central Java and East Java and Kalimantan which are completed by remote men from the Middle East This has become upsides and downsides among Indonesian individuals Already, Saudi sex searchers hit Thailand during the 80s In 1989, when relations between the two nations experienced issues brought about by a case called "blue jewel business", the Government of Saudi Arabia disallowed its residents from visiting Thailand Subsequently, visitors from Saudi Arabia and followed by different sightseers from the Gulf nations made a beeline for Indonesia © 2020 SERSC


Abstract Background The optimal chemotherapeutic regimen for use beyond the second line for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains unclear. Materials and methods We systematically searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE and Medline for records published between January 2002 and May 2017, and cancer congress databases for records published between January 2014 and June 2017. Eligible studies evaluated the efficacy, safety and patient-reported outcomes of monotherapies or combination therapies at any dose and number of treatment cycles for use beyond the second line in patients with mCRC. Studies were assessed for design and quality, and a qualitative data synthesis was conducted to understand the impact of treatment on overall survival and other relevant cancer-related outcomes. Results The search yielded 938 references of which 68 were included for qualitative synthesis. There was limited evidence to support rechallenge with chemotherapy, targeted therapy or both. Compared with placebo, an overall survival benefit for trifluridine/tipiracil (also known as TAS-102) or regorafenib has been shown for patients previously treated with conventional chemotherapy and targeted therapy. There was no evidence to suggest a difference in efficacy between these treatments. Patient choice and quality of life at this stage of treatment should also be considered when choosing an appropriate therapy. Conclusions These findings support the introduction of an approved agent such as trifluridine/tipiracil or regorafenib beyond the second line before any rechallenge in patients with mCRC who have failed second-line treatment.


Radio imaging of ULIR galaxies is ideal to explore the connection between the starburst and the AGN phenomenon since it is unaffected by dust obscuration, and provides the required high angular resolution to distinguish between an AGN and starburst emission. We have made combined 18 cm radio continuum, EVN and MERLIN observations of 13 ULIRGs that have the parsec and deci-parsec scale resolution necessary to distinguish between an AGN and supernovae remnants at the centres of these galaxies, and assess the contribution of each to the total energy distribution. Images of three galaxies are presented here.


BackgroundAll current total hip arthroplasty (THA) systems are modular in design. Only during the operation femoral head and stem get connected by a Morse taper junction. The junction is realized by hammer blows from the surgeon. Decisive for the junction strength is the maximum force acting once in direction of the neck axis, which depends both on the applied impulse and the damping of human soft tissues. This leads to large differences in assembly forces between the surgeons. The investigation of assembly forces of different surgeons under influence of soft tissue damping is subject of this study.MethodsFirst, a measuring system, consisting of a prosthesis and a hammer, was developed. Both components are equipped with a piezoelectric force sensor. Initially, in situ experiments on human cadavers were carried out using this system in order to determine the actual assembly forces and to characterize the damping properties of human soft tissue. In addition to these experiments, an in vitro model in form of an artificial femur (Sawbones Europe AB, Malmo, Sweden) with implanted measuring stem embedded in gelatine was developed. The gelatine mixture was chosen in such a way that damping properties of the model correspond to those in situ. A study with 31 surgeons was carried out on the in vitro model mentioned above, in which the assembly forces were determined.ResultsA model has been developed, that represents the physiological damping behaviour of human soft tissue. The assembly forces measured on in vitro model were on average 2037.2 N ± 724.9 N and ranged from 822.5 N to 3835.2 N. The comparison of the surgeons showed no significant differences regarding sex (p=0.09), work experience (p=0.71) and number of THAs per year (p=0.69).ConclusionsAll measured assembly forces were below 4 kN, which is recommended in the literature. This could lead to increased corrosion following fretting in the head-neck interface. In addition, there was a very wide range of assembly forces among the surgeons, although other influencing factors such as different implant sizes or materials were not taken into account. To ensure optimal assembly force, the impaction should be standardized, e.g. by an appropriate surgical instrument.


Opioid growth factor (OGF, [Met5]-enkephalin) is an endogenous peptide that regulates the growth of human pancreatic cancer. To evaluate whether human subjects with pancreatic cancer have alterations in plasma levels of OGF, fasting blood samples were obtained from 15 patients with histologically confirmed pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Forty-five subjects with other malignancies, 20 patients with acute pancreatitis, and 30 aged-matched patients without cancer served as control populations. Individuals with pancreatic cancer had OGF values, as determined by radioimmunoassay, that were up to 7.3-fold greater than control subjects. No differences were found between OGF values obtained from patients with other malignancies, acute pancreatitis, or subjects without cancer. The sensitivity and specificity of OGF for pancreatic cancer were greater than either CA 19-9 or CEA. These data indicate that pancreatic cancer is associated with a marked increase in plasma OGF levels and suggest that this peptide may serve as a useful diagnostic tool in the screening for this disease.


How can we encourage the application of novel genomic biomarkers in drug development? A major step in this direction would be a consensus on how to interpret results from measurements of these biomarkers in regulatory submissions. A transparent process for genomic biomarker validation would be of value both for the pharmaceutical industry as well as for regulatory agencies associated with it. A discussion on process map proposals for genomic biomarker validation can help with drafting of guidance documents for this process.


The chemical and isotopic (D, 110,34S) compositions were determined for 19 fumarolic gases, 11 hot spring waters and 3 meteoric waters collected from Satsuma-Iwojima volcanic island, Japan. The fumarolic gases discharge over a wide range of temperature (from 877 to 99°C), but are likely to be derived from a common parent gas with a deduced composition of (μmol/mol): H20:975000, C02:3800, total S:9800 (with an average oxidation state of 3.4), HC1:5800, HF:300, H2:5000, CO: 15, He:0.05, Ar:0.25, and N2:60. The variation in gas composition from different fumaroles may largely be explained in terms of re-equilibration at lower temperature, addition of earlier deposited elemental S and mixing with meteoric waters at shallow depths. The chemical and isotopic composition of the highly acid hot spring discharges, pH 1.2 to 1.8, indicate that they are formed through absorption of Cl depleted volcanic gas into local groundwaters in close to equal amounts.


The anti-arthritic property of hydro alcoholic extract of Pterodon pubescens seeds was previously demonstrated using the Collagen Induced Arthritis (CIA) in mice, the most similar arthritis experimental model to human rheumatoid arthritis. This disease is characterized by chronic inflamed joints resulting from exacerbated functions of macrophages and T and B lymphocytes. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities by ethanolic extract of Pterodon pubescens seeds (EEPp) have been also reported. This study describes the effects of EEPp on T and B lymphocytes functions from healthy mice. Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), in vivo antibody production, T and B lymphocyte proliferation and NO production were determined. Mice treated orally for 7 days with EEPp had inhibited 58% of B cell antibody production (10(-3) mg kg(-1) b.wt.) and 33% of the DTH response (10(-4) mg kg(-1) b.wt.), also reducing tissue leukocyte infiltration. EEPp (10(-2) mg mL(-1)) also inhibited in vitro T (89%) and B (68%) lymphocytes proliferation and NO production (53%) by macrophage cell line J774. The immunosuppression here described for EEPp supports its potential therapeutic use to control exacerbated humoral and/or cellular immune response as in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases.


This casebook provides materials on law, lawyers, and social justice and helps students understand the complicated relationship between law and activism. Now used in law school classrooms, clinics, and undergraduate courses, this text enriches students' view of the legal profession and stimulates them to think broadly about the roles of lawyers who work for social change. In three parts - a system of lawyers, a system of law, and a system of politics - the book provides both historic perspective and a modern blueprint. Students will explore the meaning of rights and the ways in which movements and lawyers defend existing rights and mobilize for new rights claims. The second edition preserves the organization and coverage of the popular first edition, with new notes, citations to recent literature, and excerpts that address cutting edge issues. Revisions and additions include recent federal reforms that reduce the burden of student loan repayment, work toward a right to counsel in civil cases, ""low bono"" legal services, the economic crisis and recession, Hurricane Katrina, the impact of foreclosures on inner cities, and gains and challenges in the struggle for equality for sexual minorities. The campaign for marriage equality provides new opportunities to address effective methods for achieving social change and the impact of temporary setbacks on movements, tactics, and law. Sections of the book are suitable for use in courses on professional responsibility, community lawyering, law and social change, and clinical skills. The teachers' manual provides a discussion guide, sample syllabi, and writing exercises.


In Chindali [Bantu M21, northern Malawi and southern Tanzania], the augment vowel of noun classes 1 a, Sa, 9 and 10 exhibits allomorphic variation in length. In other noun classes, the vowel of the noun class prefix varies in length before NCinitial stems. The author demonstrates that, in both cases, potentially long vowels become shortened, except that they do so under different conditions: mora-count of the noun stem in the first case, lack of high tone (accent) on the prefix in the second.


The continuum distorted-wave eikonal-initial-state (CDW-EIS) theory of Crothers and McCann (Crothers D S F and McCann J F 1983 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 16 3229) used to describe ionization in ion–atom collisions is generalized (G) to GCDW-EIS, to incorporate the azimuthal angle dependence into the final-state wavefunction. This is accomplished by the analytic continuation of hydrogenic-like wavefunctions from below to above threshold, using parabolic coordinates and quantum numbers including magnetic quantum numbers, thus providing a more complete set of states. At impact energies lower than 25 keV u−1, the total CDW-EIS ionization cross section falls off, with decreasing energy, too quickly in comparison with experimental data by Crothers and McCann. The idea behind and motivation for the GCDW-EIS model is to improve the theory with respect to experiment, by including contributions from non-zero magnetic quantum numbers. We also therefore incidentally provide a new derivation of the theory of continuum distorted waves for zero magnetic quantum numbers while simultaneously generalizing it.


The mechanical properties of metastable austenitic steel were characterized by means of tensile testing and cupping tests. High sensitivity to the strain rate was observed. The fracture mechanism in tensile specimens at the strain rate lower than =10 s was the combination of cleavage and ductile dimpled rupture. At the strain rate higher than =10 s fracture mechanism changed to entire ductile dimpled rupture. Fracture mechanisms were very different in tensile specimens and in deep drawn cups. After deep drawing tests with drawing ratios DR > 1.5 delayed cracking occurred. Main fractographic feature observed in cracked deep drawn cups was the intergranular decohesion. Introduction Austenitic stainless steels have an excellent corrosion resistance, good mechanical properties and are widely used for cold forming (deep-drawing) at room temperature. Increasing need for conserving the strategic elements such as nickel and chromium impel the steel-makers to lower the content of these elements in stainless steels. However, the low nickel content can lead during the forming process to the plastic deformation-induced phase transformation of face-centered cubic (fcc) austenite to body-centered cubic (bcc) ' martensite [1-4]. High internal stresses are generated due to an incompatible transformation strain accompanying the martensitic transformation (shear strain of 20% can cause a volume change of 2% [5]). The residual stresses together with the internal stresses induced by martensitic transformation can lead after deepdrawing to the phenomenon of delayed cracking. The good knowledge of kinetics of the martensitic transformation is therefore an essential constituent for a control of the forming process. The evolution of martensitic volume fraction is monitored by acoustic emission (AE) and Electron Back-Sacttering Diffraction (EBSD). The AE technique provides a method to detect rapid micromechanical events, such as avalanche dislocation movement, mechanical twinning, or microcracking [6,7]. AE technique was successfully used for monitoring of strain induced martensitic transformation in Fe-Ni-C alloy [8]. Combining this method with metallographic and fractographic analyses, different stages of physical processes in material such as phase transformation or damage can be identified. Experimental Details The material chosen for this study was austenitic steel corresponding to the AISI301. The chemical composition is given in Table 1. The low nickel and chromium content situates the steel at the limit of the austenite field in the phase diagram. The material was provided by the ARCELOR as cold rolled sheets of 0.68 mm thickness in the bright annealed state.


Summary
The effect of culture temperature on the conformation of membrane lipid of Salmonella Typhimurium as well as their pulsed electric field (PEF) resistance was investigated. Results revealed that S. Typhimurium cells cultured at relatively lower temperature (10 and 25 °C) were more easily inactivated by PEF treatment than those cultured at relatively higher temperature (37 and 45 °C). Using a Weibull model, it was determined that the PEF treatment time to inactivate 90% S. Typhimurium cells cultured at 45 °C was almost fourfold compared to those cultured at 10 °C. Results of micro-Raman spectroscopy indicated that as the culture temperature increased, the order degree of C–C and lateral packing order of membrane lipid chain also increased, resulting in a drop in the membrane fluidity. These results are important in considering the use of heat and PEF to inactivate microbe contaminants in food.


ABSTRACT High dropout rates, delay, and dissatisfaction among PhD students are common problems in doctoral education. Research shows that many different factors are associated with doctoral success, but these factors have not often been studied simultaneously. Moreover, characteristics of the PhD project are mostly neglected. In this study, we investigate which supervision, psychosocial, and project characteristics are related to satisfaction, progress, and quit intentions in a sample of 839 PhD candidates at a university in the Netherlands. Results of regression analyses show that experienced workload was negatively related to satisfaction and progress and positively to quit intentions. The quality of the supervisor-PhD candidate relationship, the PhD candidate's sense of belonging, the amount of freedom in the project, and working on a project closely related to the supervisor's research were positively related to satisfaction and negatively to quit intentions. The high workload of PhD candidates should be a major point of attention for universities who wish to increase their rates of PhD completion and PhD candidates' satisfaction. In addition, the 'match' between PhD candidate and supervisor is crucial, both personally – a good relationship – and academically, i.e. that the PhD candidate works on a topic closely related to the supervisor's research.


Path dependence literature largely accepts that large-scale disasters trigger abnormal times that weaken path dependence and create windows of opportunity to bring about institutional reforms. Disaster literature insists that lessons must be learnt from past disasters, so that damage caused by future disasters can be mitigated. Yet experience suggests that institutional reforms are rarely implemented post catastrophic disasters. This paper examines factors that might explain why the windows of opportunity triggered by disasters are missed in some cases, while seized in others. This question is explored by juxtaposing two case studies: the Gorkha 2015 earthquakes (Nepal) and the Uttarakhand 2013 flood (India), the worst natural disasters to have struck the regions. Analyzed through the insights of path dependence, the case studies reveal that post disasters institutional reforms were implemented in Nepal, aimed at improving implementation of building construction and zonal laws by public institutions. However, no such institutional reforms were implemented in India, specifically Uttarakhand. A comparative analysis identifies similarities and differences in actions taken by public institutions before and after the disasters aiming to improve public institutions' implementation of laws, to explore factors explaining the contrasting outcomes. The paper reveals key distinctions highlighting the critical role of (a) gradual reforms taken during normal times and its influence on actions taken during abnormal times; and (b) negative feedback provided by public institutions responsible for implementing building construction and zonal laws (implementing agencies), and by other public institutions, and denial or acknowledgement of such critique by implementing agencies. Based on the findings, the paper elaborates policy suggestions that may aid in mitigating the possibility of abnormal times repeatedly becoming missed opportunities. More specifically, this paper provides a starting point for exploring what might be done during normal times so that when disasters do occur in the future, these opportunities can be seized and used to bring about reforms to improve public institutional functioning.


In this paper, Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the motion of ions in the cathode fall zone of glow discharge. Energy distributions and angle distributions at different pressures and voltages are presented. The simulations are based on two main scattering processes of charge transfer and elastic scattering. Either the ion energy dependence or independence of collision cross-sections is taken into account. For elastic scattering, the potential interaction and hard-sphere models are considered. The parameter Pd c has a great influence on the energy distribution, but the angle distribution of ions is not sensitive to discharge parameters. Simulation results obtained by different models have been compared and discussed. The model that includes charge transfer and potential interaction scattering processes and is based on the dependence of collision cross-section on the ion energy is obviously the best.


The effect of Moringa oleifera diet on the toxic effects of palm wine and local gin on hematological and hemostatic parameters in albino rats was determined in this research. Thirty female albino wistar rats were used for this study. The rats were aged 8 to10 weeks and weighed between 170g and 200g. They were divided into six groups: Groups 1 to 6 of 5 rats each. All the rats except the ones in group 1 were fed with 11.1% of Moringa oleifera diet. Group 1 served as the Control group; rats in this group were given normal rat chow, group 2 rats were given Moringa oleifera diet only , g roup 3 rats were given 10 ml/kg bwt of palm wine only, group 4 rats were gi ven 0.03ml/kg bwt of local gin only, group 5rats were given 10ml/kg bwt palm wine with Moringa oleifera diet and group 6 rats were given 0.03ml/kg bwt of local gin with Moringa oleifera diet. Palm wine and local gin were administered to the rats daily using an oral cannula. All administrations were done for a total of 30 days. On the 31 st day, the rats were sacrificed and blood was collected through cardiac puncture for the determination of some hematological and hemostatic parameters. The results of this study showed that M.oleifera diet improved the hematological and hemostatic parameters of the rats that were adversely affected by palm wine and local gin.


The S.A.O. Megacam focal plane will consist of 36 large CCDs (2 K X 4.5 K format), each with 2 output ports running at pixel rates up to 200 kHz. The unbinned data field is thus as large as 324 megawords and is presented at a sustained data rate during readout approaching 28 megabytes/sec. We have developed a simple camera controller to deal with the problem of handling so many channels and their digitized outputs at fairly high speeds. We also present some results from ongoing efforts to optimize the 200 kHz signal processing chain for low noise and low crosstalk.


Introduction and Aims: Elevated serum phosphate is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Whether this is a direct effect of elevated phosphate or dependent on changes in intracellular calcium or calcium/phosphate product is unknown. We examined the direct effects of phosphate concentration in human resistance vessels and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods: Surplus adipose tissue was removed from patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5 undergoing live donor transplantation and their normal donors. Resistance vessels were dissected and incubated in a physiological saline solution (PSS) with normal (1.18mM) or high phosphate concentration (2.5mM) for 16 hours, then mounted on a myograph. Vasoconstrictor responses to phenylepherine (PE) and vasorelaxation responses to carbachol and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were measured. Concentration-response curves were constructed for PE, carbachol and SNP. Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated and comparisons were made using either a t test or an ANOVA. HUVECs were grown in normal (0.5mM) and high (3mM) phosphate medium. eNOS and nitrotyrosine expression were measured by Western blot and intracellular calcium concentration measured by epifluorescence with FURA 2 AM. Gene expression was studied with PCR. Results: Vessels from patients with and without CKD incubated in high phosphate relax less well to carbachol (p<0.05). Vessels from patients without CKD relax less well to SNP (p<0.05); this difference is not seen in vessels from patients with CKD. Expression of total and phospho eNOS was reduced in HUVECs grown in high phosphate whilst nitrotyrosine expression was increased. Calcium concentration was not significantly different between HUVECs grown in high and normal phosphate. Genes involved in the cell cycle and growth were upregulated and expression of the phosphate transporters PiT1 and PiT2 was unchanged. HUVECs express Klotho and the FGF 1 receptor. Conclusions: Elevated phosphate decreases endothelium dependent vasodilatation in patients with and without CKD. This may be a marker of endothelial dysfunction, supported by the reduced eNOS protein expression and increased nitrotyrosine expression seen in HUVECs. Elevated phosphate also impairs endothelial independent relaxation in vessels from healthy patients without CKD. In vessels from healthy patients, elevated phosphate may alter cyclic GMP production and guanylate cyclase expression. These experiments indicate direct effects of elevated phosphate on the NO system, and on vascular function, and support the notion that phosphate has direct effects in uremia.


Malignancy is a significant public health problem, both globally and in Indonesia. Chemotherapy is one of the modality in malignancy cases. Carboplatin (cis-diammine-cyclobutanedi-carboxylato platinum) is a second-generation platinum compound that has often been used in the management of cases of malignancies. On the other hand, side effects of cytotoxic drugs need to be considered, especially ototoxic effects. Ototoxicity is dysfunction and damage to the structure of the inner ear that has been caused by drugs or other certain chemicals. The aim of this study is to assess ototoxic effects due to the influence of carboplatin in the cases of children with malignancy. This study uses a serial cross-sectional design to evaluate otoacoustic emission (OAE) signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) change as a result of ototoxic effects and risk factors due to the use of ototoxic carboplatin in the Division of Hematology-Oncology of the Department of Pediatrics at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital in Jakarta, where two of 52 studies' subjects experienced ototoxicity. In the group were receiving chemotherapy, two (5%) of the 40 subjects has experienced ototoxic events characterized by SNR values less than six, whereas SNR values were not less than six in the group that had not received chemotherapy. Risk factors such as gender, age, carboplatin dose, and cycles of chemotherapy did not have a statistically significant relationship to ototoxity.


This paper elucidates a new approach for speckle reduction in polarimetric synthetic aperture radar ("PolSAR") images based on the stationary wavelet transform. Noisy wavelet coefficients are thresholded using an entropic thresholding technique. Principal Component Analysis and Sum of Squared Coefficients methods are used to detect significant coefficients based on the entire polarimetric covariance matrix.


Two hundred and twenty two children with bilateral secretory otitis media were allocated at random for adenoidectomy, adenotonsillectomy or for neither procedure. In all cases only a unilateral grommet was inserted. The contralateral unoperated ear was examined during a ten year period to show otoscopic clearance, change in tympanometric status and improvement in mean hearing threshold. Adenoidectomy or insertion of a grommet alone produces similar improvement but in combination are more effective than either procedure in isolation. The unoperated ear in cases not receiving either procedure reflects the natural history of the condition. It shows a steady improvement in all outcome measures as time passes.


Software Process Improvement is a long term journey which is made comfortable by many means. The most dominant and preferred plan is the knowledge driven methodology which the software development organizations are experimenting with. To have a look and feel of the knowledge and its management, it has become essential to have a standardized knowledge management tool (KMT) that comprises specifications like-acquisition, representation, sharing and deploying. While several tools and techniques are available in managing knowledge for solving domain problems, it is felt in the knowledge society that no standard KM tools exist that would facilitate SPI. In this piece of implementation work, we outline the features that are deemed significant for the implementation of a KMT that drives the journey of SPI. Four process areas are chosen and four subsystems are identified in covering these process areas. A survey is also conducted among the organizations requiring the support of KMT in making decisive SPI initiative. Implications of this work demands the cooperation of the software development companies with the research community in finding better approach in their improvement program.


Foamy viruses (FVs) are nonpathogenic retroviruses that offer opportunities for efficient and safe gene transfer in various cell types from different species. These viruses have unique replication mechanisms that are distinct from other retroviruses, which may give an advantage to FV-mediated gene transfer. This protocol describes a method for simian foamy virus type-1 (SFV-1) vector preparation and concentration. A transient transfection of vector and packaging constructs allows generation of the SFV-1 vector with titers of 10(7)/mL. The vectors can be further concentrated by 100-200-fold without significant loss of vector titer.


Proximal tubules cultured in vitro gradually lose their differentiated functions. Because standard culture media lacks several substrates important for renal proximal tubule oxidative metabolism, whether a mixture of substrates including butyrate, alanine, and lactate (BAL) would modify growth and/or differentiated function of proximal tubular cells in culture was examined. Tubules cultured in media supplemented with 2 mM butyrate, alanine, and lactate exhibited enhanced attachment but did not exhibit an altered growth rate. Higher levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and leucine-amino peptidase were sustained, although these activities were still diminished in comparison with that in fresh tubules. Sodium-dependent glucose uptake and dome formation--other reflections of epithelial cell differentiated function--also were enhanced. These studies demonstrate that the substrates used to culture proximal tubules can modify both their attachment and their manifestation of differentiated function in culture.


Within the forecasters community, it is a common approach to make use of meteorological « conceptual models » to synthetise weather situation key processes. These "models" come along with general physical rules that can help, to understand options, particularly in a high-impact situation with low predictability. At the beginning, it helps to build an appropriate scenario in the decision-process.

Forecasting uncertainty is most of the time considered through a "multi-model" approach, taking into account synoptic and convective scale model outputs, to hightlight the main patterns of uncertainty sources. This subset of model solutions is often called « poor-man-ensemble ». Ensembles provide plenty of relevant information : not only classical probabilities, quantiles, meteograms, but also more subjective visualisations like post-stamps or spaghetti, easy to interpret for forecasters. In the end, all of these informations are mixed to produce or to design mentally the most likely scenario.

Forecasters experience includes a kind of a subjective pseudo climatology, where each one can find references, making use of analogs to understand the meteorological context, the behaviour of the numerical systems in terms of systematic errors, but also to overcome the consequences linked with vulnerability, or to learn from the reaction of our different end-users facing uncertainty. Especially with civil protection, forecasters get trained to develop practical strategies in strong uncertainty contexts.

Within an operational forecasting team, real-time decisions can be affected by high stress levels, as well as collective or individual cognitive biases in uncertainty interpretation. We give here some illustrations from past high impact forecasting situations.


In this paper, we propose an axiomatic extension for the Solidarity value of Nowak and Radzik [1994] A solidarity value for n-person transferable utility games, Int. J. Game Theor. 23, 43–48] to the class of games with externalities. This value is characterized as the unique function that satisfies linearity, symmetry, efficiency and average nullity. In this context, we discuss a key subject of how to extend the concept of average marginal contribution to settings where externalities are present.


This study sought to find out the reality of crisis marketing management requirements and their relationship variables outstanding performance for beekeepers and honey producers in the Conservative of Kirkuk / Al Debs.The study was descriptive and analytical approach, it has been a questionnaire prepared for this purpose design, Likert triple measureadopted and used as a tool to collect the necessary data, and consists of the study population of beekeepers and producers of honey in Kirkuk Conservative / Al Debs, totaling (24) Beekeeper and producer of honey, according to statistics official, has been fully accredited as a sample for the study. And distributed them questionnaire forms and fully recovered at a rate of (100%), and used appropriate statistical tests in order to reach the connotations of moral value and indicators support the main objective of the study.In the light of the conclusions reached by the researchers. The study concluded with some proposals are consistent with these findings.


Osseous hemangiomas are uncommon, constituting less than 1% of all osseous neoplasms. Most commonly affects maxilla, mandible & nasal bones. We report a case of an osseous hemangioma of nasal cavity. Cavernous hemangioma of the nose is a rare lesion and is one of the differential diagnosis of an intranasal bleeding mass.


A high speed diesel engine connecting rod is extensively modeled incorporating three dimensional finite elements and bolt pretension forces. The resulting finite element analysis determines those regions containing high stress values and defines the deformed shapes for various loading conditions.


This paper uses a panel dataset of China's 30 provinces during the period of 1999-2012, and employs a slacks-based measure (SBM) and Luenberger Productivity Index to estimate China's industrial environmental TFP growth and its components, accounting for CO2 emission as an undesirable output. The results show that the annual average growth rate of aggregate environmental TFP is 3.04%, that of Eastern China is 3.25%, while that of Middle of and Western China are 3.16% and 2.73%, respectively. It indicates that China's economy is experiencing a transition from extensive to intensive and sustainable model, especially in Eastern China. However, the Middle and Western China are still suffering an unsustainable growth path.


Most binaries are undetected. Astrometric reductions of a system using the assumption that the object moves like a single point mass can be biased by unresolved binary stars. The discrepancy between the centre of mass of the system (which moves like a point mass) and the centre of light (which is what we observe) introduces additional motion. We explore the extent to which binary systems affect single object model fit to astrometric data. This tells us how observations are diluted by binaries and which systems cause the largest discrepancies – but it also allows us to make inferences about the binarity of populations based on observed astrometric error. By examining a sample of mock observations, we show that binaries with periods close to 1 yr can mimic parallax and thus bias distance measurements, while long-period binaries can introduce significant apparent proper motion. While these changes can soak up some of the error introduced by the binary, the total deviation from the best-fitting model can be translated into a lower limit on the on-sky separation of the pair. Throughout, we link these predictions to data from the Gaia satellite, while leaving the conclusions generalizable to other surveys.


The historical significance of being possessed by the unemployment insurance law, which is one of social welfare policy that the Weimar Republic did spread, is what enacted so that the labor and the management can autonomously participate in a state's social policy, with escaping from the conventional character of the poor relief by which employer and laborer share its burden together. The Weimar Republic adopted the unemployment insurance law, thereby being likely to be possibly said to have built the basis and skeleton of the comprehensive labor rights. Accordingly, the unemployment insurance law will be able to be said to be 'the ideal of Weimar social welfare,' which positively implemented the comprehensive labor right and social right, which were clearly stated in the constitutional law for the first time, under the background called a state of democracy. And, under the expansion in social policy and the principle of gender equal right, the unemployment insurance was carried out comprehensively including even female workers. This will be definitely said to be great performance of Weimar social policy. However, the unemployment insurance law was operated differently depending on economic situation. Especially, a problem about female workers and unemployment insurance law can be said to be one tabloid edition of Weimar social welfare policy, which had been fluctuated due to economic crisis. In other words, female workers became recipients of the lowest unemployment insurance by which the minimum living cost was decided more lowly than men. The social welfare policy of the Weimar Republic was operated differently depending on economic situation. Here, there were many cases that female workers are excluded from the benefits of social policy including unemployment insurance whenever social and economic crisis takes place. This can be known through what female workers are judged unfavorably more than men in the 'process of examining unemployment insurance amount' for paying unemployment insurance and through discussion as saying of aiming to exclude female workers from the recipients of unemployment insurance every economic crisis. Also, it can be known that women's labor value, which was increased in labor market, was depreciated, and that a couple has a job together in the economically critical situation, namely, that women's activity range was very reduced in labor market of the economically critical period in the Weimar Republic through 'argument of dual incomer.' In addition, even through what women were pointed out as a person of likely quitting job mainly in 'argument of dual incomer,' the female workers' position in the Weimar Republic can be known to have been very unstable. Accordingly, the social policy of the Weimar Republic achieved the performance of legislative system called the equal realization and gender equal right and social right, which were clearly stated on the constitutional law, and the introduction of female workers' minimum living cost, but can be said to have discriminated female workers in its process of enforcement. And, even its limitation was expressed by excluding female workers first from the social policy ding unemployment insurance in the economically critical situation.


Current compilers are still largely ignorant of the scheduling of parallel tasks at runtime. Without this information, however, they have difficulties optimizing and verifying concurrent programs. In this paper, we present a programmingmodel where the program contains explicit scheduling constraints in the form of happens-before relationships between scheduled tasks. This model allows for flexible and fine-grained ad hoc parallelism while still enabling us to statically extract an abstraction of the runtime schedule. The result of this schedule analysis can answer the question as to whether two tasks execute in sequence,exclusively,or in parallel with each other.


ABSTRACT While much is known about the lived experiences of physical education teachers and individuals preparing for careers in physical education, there is a dearth of research on how adapted physical educators are socialized into and through their careers. While physical educators and adapted physical educators have similar goals, such as a general focus on teaching physical skills, they also have different roles and responsibilities as adapted physical educators work specifically with children with a range of cognitive, physical, and emotional disabilities. The purpose of this qualitative, phenomenological study was to develop an in-depth understanding of the workplace experiences itinerant adapted physical education teachers. Participants included 31 itinerant adapted physical education teachers (22 female, 9 male) who were purposively selected from among 273 teachers who completed the initial quantitative survey. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Two members of the research team analyzed the interview data using a multiphase qualitative analysis procedure grounded in inductive and deductive analysis. Qualitative data analysis indicated that relationships with key stakeholders (e.g. colleagues, administrators, parents, students) were essential to the development of a coordinated, effective system of support for students receiving adapted physical education services. Nevertheless, the itinerant adapted physical educators in this study struggled to develop deep, supportive relationships with colleagues, administrators, and students across schools. relationships with key stakeholders (e.g. colleagues, administrators, parents, students) were essential to the development of a coordinated, effective system of support for students receiving adapted physical education services. Specifically, analysis resulted in the construction of three themes: (a) adapted physical educators rely on an unpredictable support system, (b) support for APE requires targeted relationship development, and (c) relationship building and knowledge of the field aids advocacy efforts. Implications are discussed and recommendations for future research and teacher development are provided.


Type of funding sources: None.

 The emergence of coronavirus 2019 infection (covid-19) was accompanied by severe social and economic restrictions and applied significant pressure to the healthcare systems. The first pandemic wave started in March to May 2020 and was characterized by the peak of confinement measures and lockdown application. The second wave started in September and peaked in November to December 2020 and was characterized by improved healthcare organization but significant burden for the hospitals and intensive care units. Dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) is used for evaluation of ischemia in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease.

 To compare DSE volume and positivity rates between 2019 and 2020 time periods in a department of a public tertiary hospital.

 We retrospectively analysed DSE studies performed in our department in 2020 including the peak of covid-19 restrictions and compared the data to the 2019.

 Volume of DSE studies decreased from 1516 in 2019 to 996 in 2020 (-34.3%). The study volume reduction was greater in April (-93.7%) and May (-54.5%) when the covid-19 restrictions were at the peak. Great decreases were also recorded in November (-46.8%) and December (-53.5%) when the second wave of covid-19 disease emerged. Conversely, small increases were recorded in September (7.1%) and October (10.6%) (figure 1). Regarding positivity rates, a statistically non-significant increase was recorded (33.6% vs 34.2% in 2019 and 2020 respectively, p = 0.73). Interestingly a statistically significant increase in positivity levels was recorded during the period March to May 2020 compared to the same period of 2019 (44.7% vs 36.9%, p = 0.029). On the contrary, positivity rates were decreased at the period September to December (27.1% vs 34.2%, p = 0.019) (figure 2).

 Volume of DSE studies was significantly reduced in 2020 when compared to 2019 during respective peaks of the pandemic and the accompanying restriction measures. Positivity rates were higher during the first pandemic wave, possibly due to decreased hospital attendance of mildly symptomatic patients in combination with stricter admission criteria at the emergency department. Lower positivity rates during the second pandemic wave possibly reflect an adjustment of both healthcare systems and patients to the new conditions imposed by the covid-19 pandemic. Abstract Figure 1  Abstract Figure 2


Colombian panela agroindustry uses bagasse, a milling byproduct, as fuel for fixed bed furnaces to obtain the energy required in the panela production process. At the moment, the Ward-Cimpa combustion chamber is the most efficient furnace available; but, it is empirically designed and constructed, since detailed mathematical models describing the combustion of biomass in these furnaces are not reported. This situation leads in many cases to inappropriate designs, which generate losses of 10% by incomplete combustion and of 40% unburned material. This research proposes a mathematical model -which involves kinetic expressions- for drying, devolatilization and oxidation of volatiles and carbonized material stages, based on the mass, energy and momentum balances for the solid and gaseous phases. The kinetic parameters were fitted to expermental data using the stochastic optimization algorithm: simulated annealing. The fitted model describes with an average error of 11%, the combustion rate, bed temperature and CO2 and O2 concentration in the flue gas, depending on the primary air flow and the moisture mass fraction. However, the model overestimated the CO concentration by about 50%


Campylobacter jejuni, a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, has a unique O-methyl phosphoramidate (MeOPN) moiety attached to its capsular polysaccharide. Investigations into the biological role of MeOPN have revealed that it contributes to the pathogenicity of C. jejuni, and this modification is important for the colonization of C. jejuni. Previously, the reactions catalyzed by four enzymes (Cj1418-Cj1415) from C. jejuni that are required for the biosynthesis of the phosphoramidate modification have been elucidated. Cj1418 (l-glutamine kinase) catalyzes the formation of the initial phosphoramidate bond with the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the amide nitrogen of l-glutamine. Here we show that Cj1418 catalyzes the phosphorylation of l-glutamine through a three-step reaction mechanism via the formation of covalent pyrophosphorylated ( Enz-X-Pβ-Pγ) and phosphorylated ( Enz-X-Pβ) intermediates. In the absence of l-glutamine, the enzyme was shown to catalyze a positional isotope exchange (PIX) reaction within β-[18O4]-ATP in support of the formation of the Enz-X-Pβ-Pγintermediate. In the absence of ATP, the enzyme was shown to catalyze a molecular isotope exchange (MIX) reaction between l-glutamine phosphate and [15N-amide]-l-glutamine in direct support of the Enz-X-Pβintermediate. The active site nucleophile has been identified as His-737 based on the lack of activity of the H737N mutant and amino acid sequence comparisons. The enzyme was shown to also catalyze the phosphorylation of d-glutamine, γ-l-glutamyl hydroxamate, γ-l-glutamyl hydrazide, and β-l-aspartyl hydroxamate, in addition to l-glutamine.


In this work metalorganic chemical vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) growth and characterization of AlInN in the whole compositional range and the impact on the development of field effects transistors (FET) structures will be presented. Due to the large difference in the lattice parameters of the binaries AlN and InN the growth of AlInN with high indium concentrations is ambitious, and first the growth conditions for the alloy will be discussed. An experimental phase diagram and corresponding theoretical calculations will be displayed. The critical layer thickness of AlInN on GaN has been experimentally determined. Relaxation of the AlInN-layer has a strong influence on the sample morphology. At indium concentration exceeding 30% an polarization induced hole gas is expected at the AlInN/GaN interface from theoretical calculations, but no p-channel conductivity could be confirmed. The absence of the two dimensional hole gas will be discussed.


Population education is recognized as a means of promoting changes in demographic behavior. Mexicos 1973 General Law of Population and its associated regulations assigned to education an important role in supporting the population policy. Inclusion of population content in curricular programs at the basic education level has been a major action. Content referring to sexuality responsible parenthood and human reproduction was introduced into the curriculum as part of the 1974 educational reform and other topics such as family health care and environment were reformulated to emphasize their connection to demographic policy. The curricular change was important but was not supported by later actions to enrich it and keep it up to date. The population education curriculum in basic education was never evaluated. Some studies of the knowledge and atti tudes of adolescents regarding sexuality contraception and reproduction have demonstrated the importance of the school as a channel of information but have also raised doubts about the quality and effectiveness of existing curricula. Other studies have found the population education content in primary texts to be too general superficial incomplete and stereotyped in the treatment of some themes. The population education curriculum began to be reconsidered beginning in the mid-1980s. An interinstitutional group is now redefining and redesigning the population education materials that will be included in the plans programs and supporting material for basic education that will result from the current program for educational modernization. The relevance of these actions is obvious despite their neglect by demographers. In the 1990-91 school year 18.3 million children will be registered in primary and secondary schools a figure representing 22.9% of the total 1990 population. In other words over 20% of Mexicans will be potential recipients of population education.


Several studies have reported the spontaneous loss of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies in HCV-exposed persons. However, the relationship between seroreversion and spontaneous virus clearance has yet to be precisely determined in a single homogeneous population of untreated immunocompetent patients. In this study, 32 human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative hemophiliacs who had been exposed to HCV were followed for a mean duration of 141 months; 22 remained chronic carriers (68.8%). All but 1 of the nonviremic patients (90.0%) showed partial (8 cases) or complete (2 cases) seroreversion. In contrast, all but 1 of the viremic patients (95.1%) had a stable serologic profile when analyzed by a recombinant immunoblot assay. The results indicate that any HCV antibody-positive immunocompetent patient with no detectable serum HCV RNA and normal alanine aminotransferase values and whose serial samples show a progressive decrease in the level of HCV antibodies present may be considered as having a resolved infection.


Purpose: To explore Australian nursing students' perceptions of spirituality, religiosity, and personal belief. Background: Spiritual and religious literature support the benefits to patients' physical and mental health. Nurses have an ethical obligation to understand and incorporate patient's spiritual beliefs and values into the care plan. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the 32-item WHO-QOL-SRPB questionnaire. Sample: The sample consisted of 483 undergraduate nursing students in Sydney, Australia. Results: There were 21% male and 79% female students; age ranged from 18 to 56 years, with a mean age of 26.53 (SD = 7.32). There were no significant difference between male and female nursing students, but there were difference in SRPB scores between first-, second-, and third-year students and between religious affiliations. Conclusions and Implications: Spirituality is multidimensional and multilevel and is interconnected with religiosity and personal belief. Nurses need to understand their own spirituality before they can incorporate spirituality in their patient care.


Evaluation of precision of consonant articulation is commonly used metric in assessment of pathological speech. However, up to date most of the research on consonant characteristics was performed on English while there are obvious language-specific differences. The aim of the current study was therefore to investigate the patterns of consonant articulation in Czech across 6 stop consonants with respect to age and gender. The database used consisted of 30 female and 30 male healthy participants. Four acoustic variables including voice onset time (VOT), VOT ratio and two spectral moments were analyzed. The Czech plosives /p/, /t/ and /k/ were found to be characterized by short voicing lag (average VOT ranged from 14 to 32 ms) while voiced plosives /b/, /d/ and /g/ by long voicing lead (average VOT ranged from -79 to -91 ms). Furthermore, we observed significantly longer duration of both VOT (p < 0.05) and VOT ratio (p < 0.01) of voiceless plosives in female compared to male gender. Finally, we revealed a significant negative correlation between age and duration of voiceless ( r = -0.36, p  < 0.05) as well as voiced VOT ( r = -0.45, p =  0.01) in female but not in male participants.


The adoption of the Final Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts in 2001 by the International Law Commission (hereinafter the ILC), has far from concluded the debate over the entitlement of non-injured States to resort to countermeasures. Whilst Article 54, due to lack of sufficient State practice, limits the right of any State entitled to invoke responsibility under Article 48 only to lawful measures rather than countermeasures, the Commentary leaves the settlement of the issue to the further development of international law. The increasing significance of the notions of peremptory norms and obligations owed to the international community as a whole in contemporary international law, and the lack of effective and compulsory enforcement mechanisms in the international legal arena, make the question of third-State countermeasures even more compelling than ever before. The purpose of this paper is to give an account on how the notion of third-State countermeasures first made its appearance and developed in international law and within the work of the ILC, and address the main concerns that made the ILC abandon the idea at least for the time being. It will then focus on how these concerns might be met today, especially in the light of lack of consensus among States on what safeguards could be provided against abusing the right to countermeasures, in particular the principle of proportionality.


The paper describes a chamber seal reducing the aerodynamic forces created in shroud seals. This kind of turbine seal was patented and tested. The investigations into the pressure field in the shroud gap were performed by means of CFD Fluent Code and compared with the results measured on a single-stage air model turbine of the impulse type. Special attention was paid to the pressure field in the rotor blade shroud clearance in the situation when rotor-stator eccentricity led to asymmetrical flows in blade passages and shroud gaps. The investigations were carried out for different types of shrouds, various shapes and dimensions of the chambers, and for different turbine working conditions. The calculations were verified by the experimental research. The performed investigations proved that the chamber seal could remarkably reduce aerodynamic forces generated in turbine clearances due to rotor-stator eccentricity. The results proved that: - the proposed chamber seal can reduce pressure forces acting on the blade shroud by about 30%–60%, depending on the type of the shroud; - the chamber seals are specially effective in the case of relatively small radial clearances; - the proposed method may be applied in active control of aerodynamic forces generated in turbine shroud seals; - the presented seal modification can be easily introduced to turbines in operation and to the newly-designed ones. It must be emphasized that according to the calculations and experiments the application of the chamber to typical labyrinth shroud seals does not affect the flows in the turbine blade channels.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


Hazel Heckman is absorbed by the identification and general splendor of all living things. She has filled her most recent book with delightful descriptions of life as it is represented in its varied forms on Anderson Island in Puget Sound. Although her attention to wildflowers, weeds, trees, insects, birds, and animals seems a bit excessive, one is easily swept away by her enthusiasm for all of nature's treasures that most of us fail to notice in our preoccupation with the pace of modern life. In a series of chapters, one for each month, she takes the reader through an entire year of natural beauty as it unfolds and disappears with the seasons. But all is not idyllic on Anderson Island. The young hunters come in the fall to revel in the slaughter of trusting deer. Beer cans begin to litter the beach and roads. The dense forest is a victim of the bulldozer. Small lots are dividing this microcosm of the unspoiled world. Fences and property lines are established and to walk about freely is to trespass. The insensitivity of modern man to his natural world is an embarrassing and disquieting interruption to the intricate but smooth flow of life in its undisturbed habitat. Such wild retreats are vanishing, victims of the real estate developer, the passion for manicured lawns, and the ever-present outboard motor. With bodies riveted before a ffickering television set, most Americans miss the best program of all-the continuous drama of the living world just beyond the door. Island Year reminds us of the limitless pleasures that abound in the observation, appreciation, and preservation of all natural life.


The correctness and rationality of workflow are critical to the successful implementation of workflow management. Previous researches of workflow verification are focused on structural and temporal constraints. In addition to these constraints, resource constraints are also contained in workflow, especially in the concurrent workflows. They should be analyzed to ensure that the workflow system is resource consistent. In this paper, we first define the time constraint workflow net and map the workflow concepts onto this net to model workflow. Then, we identify the problem of resource constraints in WfMS. After that, we propose corresponding analysis method with pseudocode algorithm to check the resource consistency for concurrent workflows. Furthermore, we suggest several ways to remove potential resource conflicts from workflow model.


Background: Structured and appropriately timed approach to end-of-life care decision-making has become an important part of care in children with terminal illnesses. Despite its importance, many families and medical care teams face these issues fare to late. Objective: Our aim was to retrospectively evaluate end-of-life care decisions (EOLCD) made in children who died in a university hospital9s respiratory high dependency unit. Methods: Medical files of children who died in a 14-year period were analyzed for the relevant medical history and the EOLCD process. Results: 20 children out of 16.800 patients treated in the observed period, died. Mean age at death was 2.4 yrs, SD 6.7, 65% were girls. Respiratory arrest was the cause of death in 18, 2 died of cardiac arrest. All patients had underlying conditions (60% neurologic, 30% syndromatic and rare diseases, 10% pulmonary). Only one child had no advanced care plan and died following unsuccessful cardiopulmonary resuscitation. 15 patients had a structured EOLCD in 4 the agreements were not formalized. The shortest time of death after EOLCD was 1 day (median 3 days, range 1-708 days). Family members consented the advanced plan in all cases. Conclusions: End-of-life care decision-making was perused in almost all children with serious life limiting conditions. More attention for timely engagement in the process should be advocated.


The effects of bopindolol, a new beta-adrenoceptor blocker, on the exercise tolerance of 12 in-patients, mean age 57 (5 years), with stable angina pectoris and documented coronary artery disease were evaluated. All patients received on 4 different days a single oral dose of bopindolol 0.5 mg, bopindolol 1.0 mg, bopindolol 2.0 mg and placebo according to a double-blind latin square design. Treadmill symptoms-limited exercise tests were performed using a Bruce protocol, 3, 12 and 24 h after dosing. Bipindolol improved (P less than 0.05) exercise tolerance in comparison with placebo (by a maximum of 33%, 52% and 26% after the 2.0 mg dose) with no adverse effect on ischaemia. The primary action of bopindolol appeared to be to reduce myocardial oxygen consumption (mainly by its negative chronotropic effect) for up to the 24th hour after oral administration. Eight (66%) patients were angina free at the 3rd, 12th and 24th h exercise test. The effects of bopindolol were not dose-related. A short period of inactivity due to hospitalization may have influenced the exercise performance and led us to underestimate the presence of a dose-response. The results of this report suggest that bopindolol has a long lasting effect in the treatment of patients with chronic stable angina pectoris.


As an important Tibetan medicine and a secondary protected plant in China, Pomatosace filicula is endemic to the country and is mainly distributed in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP). However, global climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions might lead to the extinction of P. filicula. To understand the potential spatial distribution of P. filicula in future global warming scenarios, we used the MaxEnt model to simulate changes in its suitable habitat that would occur by 2050 and 2070 using four representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios and five global climate models. The results showed that the QTP currently contains a suitable habitat for P. filicula and will continue to do so in the future. Under the RCP2.6 scenario, the suitable habitat area would increase by 2050 but shrink slightly by 2070, with an average reduction of 2.7%. However, under the RCP8.5 scenario, the area of unsuitable habitat would expand by an average of 54.65% and 68.20% by 2050 and 2070, respectively. The changes in the area of suitable habitat under the RCP4.5 and RCP6.0 scenarios were similar, with the unsuitable area increasing by approximately 20% by 2050 and 2070. Under these two moderate RCPs, the total suitable area in 2070 would be greater than that in 2050. The top three environmental factors impacting the habitat distribution were altitude, annual precipitation (BIO12) and annual temperature range (BIO7). The cumulative contribution rate of these three factors was as high as 82.8%, indicating that they were the key factors affecting the distribution and adaptability of P. filicula, P. filicula grows well in damp and cold environments. Due to global warming, the QTP will become warmer and drier; thus, the growing area of P. filicula will move toward higher elevations and areas that are humid and cold. These areas are mainly found near the Three-River Region. Future climate change will aggravate the deterioration of the P. filicula habitat and increase the species' survival risk. This study describes the distribution of P. filicula and provides a basis for the protection of endangered plants in the QTP.


A survey of the endemic parasitoids of whiteflies in the greenhouse cropping regions of western Sydney was conducted from 13 October 2005 to 15 March 2007. The fourth-instar nymphs of both Bemisia tabaci (Aleyrodidae), including silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci biotype B), and greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Aleyrodidae) were collected from weeds surrounding greenhouses. These nymphs were incubated until the emergence of either a whitefly or parasitoid and the parasitoids were then identified. Eight species of parasitoids from two genera were detected in this survey (Encarsia accenta, E. formosa, E. mineoi, E. pergandiella, Eretmocerus queenslandensis, Eret. warrae, Eret. mundus and Eret. hayati). Five of these species were known parasitoids of silverleaf whitefly; one is a known parasitoid of greenhouse whitefly with two species known to parasitise both hosts. The presence of Eret. hayati is of particular interest because it has never been deliberately released into the surveyed region. Of these parasitoids, Eret. mundus and Eret. hayati are probably the most suitable candidates for biological control of whitefly associated with greenhouse crops in western Sydney.


Sports and broadcasting have enjoyed a profitable and advantageous co-existence since television's inception. Television manufacturers depended upon the popularity of baseball, boxing, and roller derby, for instance to initially boost their products' popularity. Today, sports and media are major players in some of the most profitable unions in entertainment economics. These profitable deals have become a mainstay in our society, but what is to be said about the criticism levied at the institutions that profit off of what was once simple and pleasurable sport? These broadcasting/sport unions grant the sports markets and the networks involved distinct and noteworthy advantages worthy of critical analysis. What is to be said about this co-evolution of sports and media, its overwhelming presence in American society, and the more than profitable monetary implications and consequences for all involved? Alongside this line of investigation, one has to wonder whether sports and television as we know them today would maintain their present distinctions in the absence of a half-century of codependency. Would we have split screen, instant replays, or elaborate graphics and effects if the demand for TV sports had not escalated to its present status? Would sports occupy its present reign of superiority in our society if they did not have access to the dominating voice of television? And would sports have evolved into the sometimes glamorous and showy, sometimes evocative stage of statement that we have come to know without television's vast reach? In developing this thesis, I relied on resources such as critical articles, books, and internet sources in addition to sports and media commentary to create a historical-critical research project addressing the status of the sports and media codependency in American society today. The finished project includes: A brief historical overview of the main factors in the development of the sports and broadcasting links that have evolved over the past half century. Subsequent sections address the many areas of sports broadcasting from broadcast networks, to the cable universe and new media. Following this historical approach comes a more critical examination of sport evolution through media dependency. Here we note the many changes that have taken place in American competitive sports through the increasing exposure, popularity and revenue linked with media usage. Major League Baseball then becomes the specific case study for this historical-critical investigation. This section includes a look at Major League Baseball's storied history in relation to television and an investigation of the criticism presently levied at the organization for its multi-billion dollar profit linked with media deals. Further investigations of baseball's much-publicized strikes provide proof of the pitfalls of the sports/media relationship. The examination and line of questioning employed in this thesis have been relevant through half a century, and continue to be considered today. Furthermore, research employed provides definite proof of the media/sports dependency and predictions for the future if such relationships persist. We as a media-consuming public and nation of sports fans are left to weigh the options and enact our fate.


To understand the factors that encourage the deployment of a new networking technology, we must be able to model how such technology gets deployed. We investigate how network structure influences deployment with a simple deployment model and different network models through computer simulations. The results indicate that a realistic model of networking technology deployment should take network structure into account.


This paper looks at whether the aggregate ERM money supply has been a useful predictor of short-term changes in inflation and growth, and of long-term trends in price levels among the core ERM countries. The evidence suggests that over the period since 1987 the ERM money supply performs at least as well, and arguably better, than the individual nominal aggregates in predicting nominal aggregates such as inflation and the price level, while neither money supply is a good predictor of real activity. Copyright 1993 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.


Received: Revised: Accepted: August 04, 2012 October 19, 2012 April 05, 2013 This study was aimed to evaluate the contraceptive potentials of different chemical extracts of Abrus precatorius seeds in male albino rats. The active ingredients of crushed seeds were extracted with 60% aqueous acetone and then partitioned consecutively with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water. Water suspended chemical fractions at different doses were administered orally to the male rats for 40 days. Effects of different treatments on various male reproductive endpoints and contraceptive efficacy were evaluated. Oral administration of both organic (methanol soluble at 50 and 75 mg/kg BW) and aqueous soluble A. precatorius seed extracts caused infertility in studied subjects at varying degrees. At necropsy, average weights of testes, epididymis, ventral prostate gland and seminal vesicles were decreased significantly. Histology of testes revealed marked atrophy of the seminiferous tubules characterized by disruption of the germinal epithelium and atrophy of the Leydig cells. Epididymis also showed histological alterations. Hormonal assay revealed a significant decrease in serum levels of testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) that possibly resulted in suppressed spermatogenesis of male rats. These effects lead to the reduction of pregnancy rate of untreated fertile female rats while mated with the methanol extract (50 and 75 mg/kg BW) and aqueous extract-treated male rats. The results show that A. precatorius seed extract causes suppression of spermatogenesis and fertility, thereby suggesting the potential of this plant in the regulation of male fertility. ©2013 PVJ. All rights reserved


Primary or essential hyperhidrosis is a disorder characterized by excessive sweating beyond physiological needs. It is a common disease (with an incidence of up to 2.8%) that causes intense discomfort for patients. Video-assisted thoracoscopic bilateral sympathectomy is an effective surgical treatment with high success rates and improvement in quality of life. In the last decade, the advantages of a single-port thoracoscopic approach have become clear. Problems with intraoperative bleeding management have been solved by using thoracoscopes with integrated electrocautery scissors. In this report, we describe successful transaxillary bilateral single-port thoracoscopic T2-T5 sympathectomy with the VasoView® device in three patients with palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis. The VasoView® device, with its integrated electrocautery scissors, was originally designed for endoscopic vessel harvesting in coronary artery bypass surgery, but it has proven highly effective for single-port thoracoscopic sympathectomy.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
On the basis of an outbreak of pneumococcal pneumonia in a nursing home, we analyze causes and patterns of transmission and discuss preventive interventions carried out on the target population.

PATIENTS AND METHOD
A retrospective cohort study was designed on 232 residents to identify risk factors associated with the outbreak. A descriptive study of those nasopharyngeal carriers of pneumococcus among nursing home workers was also carried out.

RESULTS
Twenty cases of pneumococcal pneumonia were detected with 4 deaths; 13 cases were confirmed. Cases occurred on a close temporal aggregation form but they were quite disseminated spatially. Among the factors investigated, an older age was the only factor significantly associated (p = 0.02) with the risk of disease. In 4 workers, strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated from nasopharyngeal swabs; two of them corresponded to the serotype 3, as it was the strain isolated from the blood of a nursing home case. The number of new cases decreased dramatically after vaccination and/or chemoprophylaxis.

CONCLUSIONS
Vaccination and chemoprophylaxis administered to nursing home residents seemed effective measures to halt the spread of this outbreak. Detection of the S. pneumoniae antigen by immunochromatographic tests in urine samples is a valuable tool for detecting an outbreak.


Ensure confident clinical decisions and maximum reimbursement in a variety of practice settings such as acute care, outpatient, home care, and nursing homes with the only systematic approach to documentation for rehabilitation professionals! Revised and expanded, this hands-on textbook/workbook provides a unique framework for maintaining evidence of treatment progress and patient outcomes with a clear, logical progression. Extensive examples and exercises in each chapter reinforce concepts and encourage you to apply what you've learned to realistic practice scenarios.


Volatiles from aqueous extract of peppermint commercial sachets were investigated through gas chromatography/flame ionization detection (GC/FID) and GC/mass spectrometry (MS). Samples were prepared under similar conditions as in homemade tea. Volatiles were isolated using solid phase extraction method (SPE) with Porapak Q trap followed by desorption with acetone. Estimated mean values for short and medium chain carboxylic acids (C2-C12) and ketones lay in the range of 50-64 microg kg(-1) whilst aliphatic alcohols and acyclic hydrocarbons had values lower than 6 microg kg(-1). The major volatiles were terpenes (275-382 microg kg(-1)) that reached 89 % of the total composition. A total of 16 compounds, among them dodecane, acetoin, acetol, citral, geraniol and octanoic acid have been described by the first time in peppermint tea. These findings could be attributed to the different analytical approach employed, mainly to the use of different extraction/pre-concentration techniques. Given the apparently lower proportion of terpenes in the aqueous extract it may be that the chemical properties of the peppermint essential oil are not entirely reproduced with homemade tea.


Abstract: In this study, our aim was to determine the distribution of specific immunoreactivities against the antisera Cholecystokinin (CCK) and Histamine in some regions of the digestive tract of the flower fish (Pseudophoxinus antalyae). The samples were taken from the enlarged area after oesophagus and anterior, middle and posterior part of intestine, and the Avidin-Biotin-Immunoperoxidase method was applied. Histamine and Cholecystokinin immunoreactive cells were found to be more frequent in enlarged region after oesophagus than in gut. There immunoreactive cells were distributed among surface epithelium, epithelium between surface crypt, and crypts proper. Despite determination of Histamine immunoreactivity in enlarged region after oesophagus, connective tissue of intestine and ganglion cells, CCK immunoreactivity was not be detected in the same regions and cells.

Key words: Pseudophoxinus antalyae, gastrointestinal tract, endocrine cells, immunohistochemistry


Sentilo is a model and a tool to detect holders and topics of opinion sentences. Sentilo implements an approach based on the neo-Davidsonian assumption that events and situations are the primary entities for contextualizing opinions, which makes it able to distinguish holders, main topics, and sub-topics of an opinion. It uses a heuristic graph mining approach that relies on FRED, a machine reader for the Semantic Web that leverages Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Knowledge Representation (KR) components jointly with cognitively-inspired frames. The evaluation results are excellent for holder detection (F1: 95%), very good for subtopic detection (F1: 78%), and good for topic detection (F1: 68%).