The Mekong River Commission monitored daily fish catches of five trawl net fishers in the Mekong delta for three years period (2003 to 2005). Hydrological parameters, including water level, discharge, and rainfall were recorded daily in the Chau Doc station. Simple linear regression was used to describe the statistical relationship between catch per unit effort (CPUE) and hydrological parameters, based on method of least squares. Catch per unit effort exhibited a strong seasonal variation, with the highest CPUE in November (wet season), when most fish move from flooded areas back to the mainstream, and lowest catch in the dry season. The peak in mean monthly CPUE lagged behind that of mean monthly hydrological parameters for a period of one to two months. Linear regression analysis showed that the mean monthly CPUE correlated most with mean monthly water level of the previous month (r=0.71; p<0.0001), discharge of two previous months (r=0.72; p<0.0001) and rainfall of one previous month (r=0.56; p=0.002). Lateral and downstream fish migrations were believed to be the main causes affecting those relationships. Fishery regulations should, therefore, be managed in relation to hydrological regime conditions to maintain the fisheries as ecologically sustainable. Moreover, any river flow modification may be detrimental to fish stocks and, therefore, to the fisheries. As a result, any activity that regulates river flow must be taken into account.


In this paper, we have studied the effect of mechanical polishing to Ga-polar face for reducing the wafer bowing and strain in free-standing GaN. After the mechanical polishing to Ga-polar face, the bowing of the free-standing GaN substrate significantly decreased with increasing the size of diamond slurry, and eventually changed the bowing direction from concave to convex. Furthermore, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD) were decreased, especially the FWHM of (1 0 2) reflection for 1.0 μm size of diamond slurry was significantly decreased from 630 to 203 arcsec. In the case, we confirmed that the compressive strain in Ga-polar face was fully released by Raman measurement.


An approach is proposed for an approximate estimate of the relation between the uncertainties of spectral and color measurements. The approach is based on replacing the entire diversity of the spectra with simple models: a constant over all wavelengths, a pronounced peak, a sharp decrease and a sharp increase. The Monte-Carlo method was used for calculations. Small distortions were introduced to the model spectra at each wavelength, the standard deviation of these distortions was calculated, after which the chromaticity coordinates were calculated in the system (x, y, Y). The value of Y, as related to light measurements, was not further analyzed. The standard deviation of the distances between the chromaticity coordinates of the initial spectrum and the chromaticity coordinates of the distorted spectra in space (x, y) was used as a measure of the uncertainty of color measurements. The ratio of these standard deviations was considered to be a link between the uncertainties of the spectral and color measurements. The influence of the uncertainties of the spectral measurements, the effect of the spectral width of the model spectra in the form of a peak, a sharp decrease and a sharp increase on the axis of the wavelengths were analyzed. The ranges of the corresponding values are chosen taking into account the valid documents and the most common spectra. The influence of a standard illuminator selected was considered: all calculations were carried out for both type A and D65 sources. The results of the calculations are provided in the form of graphs, which allow one to approximately determine the required level of accuracy of the spectral equipment before the measurements, in order to provide the necessary uncertainty of chromaticity measurements. The analysis of the results obtained.


【Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the related factors to dental fear in some adults. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 320 adults in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do from April to June, 2013. Except 14 incomplete answers, data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0 program. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects(7 questions), dental fear related factor(18 questions), distrust for dentist(15 questions), and distrust for dental hygienist(11 questions). The instrument for dental treatment fear was Dental fear Survey(DFS) adapted from Kleinknecht and partly modified by Choi. Out of 20 questions, 18 questions were reconstructed and score by Likert 5 scale. Higher score means higher dental fear. Cronbach alpha was 0.959 in the study. The distrust for dentist and dental hygienist was adapted from Choi and reconstructed and score by Likert 5 scale. Higher score means higher distrust for dentist and dental hygienist. Cronbach alpha was 0.937 in distrust for dentist and 0.874 in distrust for dental hygienist in the study. Results: Those who experienced dental pain tended to have dental fear. The reasons for dental fear were as follows; bad breath(2.96 out of 5 points, hereafter represented as of 2.96/5), dental caries(2.88/5), missing teeth(2.87/5) and tooth pain(2.77/5). The distrust for the dentist was the main dental fear in the adults. Conclusions: The dental fear was closely related to gender, experience of dental pain, oral symptoms and distrust for the dentist. As the psychological pain in the patients was mainly influenced by the trustful atmosphere, it is necessary to make the patient easy before treatment.】


An existing challenge when selecting services to be used in a service- based system is to be able to distinguish between good and bad services. In this paper we present a trust-based service selection framework. The framework uses a trust model that calculates the level of trust a user may have with a service based on past experience of the user with the service and feedback about the service received from other users. The model takes into account different levels of trust among users, different relationships between users, and different levels of importance that a user may have for certain quality aspects of a service. A prototype tool has been implemented to illustrate and evaluate the work. The trust model has been evaluated in terms of its capacity to adjust itself due to changes in user ratings and its robustness.


Abstract Calculations are made with the NCAR six-layer general circulation model to determine the time evolution of errors initially confined to a region 4000 km in diameter superimposed upon real global data. Three experiments are made to distinguish between the effects of an error located initially on the northern or southern sides of the jet stream or in the tropical area. Results show that the largest error centers generally evolve in the jet stream; however, the propagation rate is much less than advection effects would suggest. Coverage of the Northern Hemisphere is accomplished as much by propagation across the north pole and via the tropical belt as it is via the jet stream. It is not complete even after seven days. As a whole the tropics are more sensitive than the middle latitudes to initial errors. Cross-equatorial effects are most pronounced at and just east of the initial longitude of the error.


This study was conducted to determine the variability, heritability and correlations among agronomic and physiological characters of mungbean ( Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) and to identify their direct and indirect effects on seed yield. Fifty six mungbean accessions were evaluated at Suranaree University of Technology Farm, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand using a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Fourteen characters were collected and analyzed for genotypic coefficient of variation, phenotypic coefficient of variation, environmental coefficient of variation, heritability estimates in broad sense, phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients and path coefficients. It was found that genotypes differed significantly for all characters studied. The highest heritability values were recorded on days to flowering and pod length. Seed yield was significantly and positively correlated with pods per plant, clusters per plant, total dry matter (TDM), seeds per pod, seeds per plant, biomass, leaf area index and branches per plant, and negatively correlated with days to maturity. Clusters per plant showed the highest positive direct effect on seed yield followed by 100 seed weight, seeds per pod, TDM and pods per plant. However, the effect of 100 seed weight was substantially minimized by the negative indirect effects of clusters per plant, pods per plant and seeds per pod. These results demonstrate that clusters per plant, seeds per pod, TDM and pods per plant should be used as selection criteria for yield improvement in mungbean. Key words: Agronomic characters, correlation analysis, mungbean, path coefficient analysis, physiological characters, variability, Vigna radiata, yield components.


ABSTRACT Throughout her career, Rosalie Kane made a major impact in her efforts to improve quality of life for persons living in nursing homes. Near the end of her career, she suggested that it was time to "re-imagine long term care and to produce livable age-friendly nursing homes." This brief review focuses on the role of meaningful engagement and person-centered care as the next step in enhancing nursing home care. The importance of activities that strengthen cognitive and/or physical function is stressed, as well as improving socialization to reduce loneliness.


Over the past few years, a number of Chinese researchers have collaborated with CIFOR and INBAR/IDRC in a systematic, two-phase socio-economic study of the bamboo sector in China. This proceedings contains a synthesis from the main research findings from research programs related to socioeconomics, marketing and policy in the bamboo sector of China. The current status and planning in the main bamboo - growing regions and industry systems are addressed. The studies cover strategic objectives, major projects, planning and actions, as well as problems and countermeasures to remedy them. The directions of development and prospects for sustainable development of the bamboo sector into the 21st century are considered.


Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were found to contain a mean +/- S.E.M. of 21.7 +/- 7.9 ng of immunoreactive calmodulin (CaM)/10(6) PMNs, which represents 0.032 +/- 0.001% of the total cellular protein. The functional role of CaM in the control of lysosomal enzyme release from human PMNs was investigated using several CaM antagonists. Trifluoperazine (TFP) (10(-6)-2 X 10(-5) M), pimozide (10(-6)-1.5 X 10(-5) M), chlorpromazine (CPZ) (10(-5)-10(-4) M) and promethazine (2 X 10(-5)-10(-4) M) inhibited in vitro lysosomal enzyme release from human PMNs induced by immunological (serum-treated zymosan, concanavalin A and formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine) and nonimmunological (Ca++ ionophore A23187) stimuli. Trifluoperazine sulfoxide (TFP-S) and chlorpromazine sulfoxide (CPZ-S), which have very low affinity for CaM, had practically no inhibitory effect on lysosomal enzyme release. The inhibitory effect of TFP could be made irreversible by irradiating the cells with UV light. A sulfonamide derivative, W-7, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide hydrochloride (10(-5)-2 X 10(-4) M), which selectively binds to CaM, inhibited the release of lysosomal enzymes from PMNs. In contrast, the chloride-deficient analog, W-5, N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide hydrochloride, which interacts only weakly with CaM, had practically no inhibiting effect. The IC50 for enzyme release by a series of eight CaM antagonists was closely correlated (r = 0.89; P less than .001) with their affinity for binding to CaM, supporting the concept that these agents act by binding to CaM and thereby inhibiting lysosomal enzyme release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


An electron microscopic stain for specific saccharides was prepared by the conjugation of ferritin to concanavalin A, a plant agglutinin that specifically binds to oligosaccharides containing terminal d-glucose, d-mannose, or sterically related sugar residues. A technique was developed to allow topological visualization of erythrocyte and other membranes by means of transmission electron microscopy, and the distribution of the binding sites for ferritin-concanavalin A on such membrane preparations was determined. The conjugate was found to bind specifically to the outer, but not the inner, surface of erythrocyte membranes. The number of conjugate molecules bound per unit area of the membrane was larger for rabbit than for human erythrocytes.


In vitro non-cellular permeability models such as the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) are widely applied tools for early-phase drug candidate screening. In addition to the commonly used porcine brain polar lipid extract for modeling the blood–brain barrier's permeability, the total and polar fractions of bovine heart and liver lipid extracts were investigated in the PAMPA model by measuring the permeability of 32 diverse drugs. The zeta potential of the lipid extracts and the net charge of their glycerophospholipid components were also determined. Physicochemical parameters of the 32 compounds were calculated using three independent forms of software (Marvin Sketch, RDKit, and ACD/Percepta). The relationship between the lipid-specific permeabilities and the physicochemical descriptors of the compounds was investigated using linear correlation, Spearman correlation, and PCA analysis. While the results showed only subtle differences between total and polar lipids, permeability through liver lipids highly differed from that of the heart or brain lipid-based models. Correlations between the in silico descriptors (e.g., number of amide bonds, heteroatoms, and aromatic heterocycles, accessible surface area, and H-bond acceptor–donor balance) of drug molecules and permeability values were also found, which provides support for understanding tissue-specific permeability.


In todays interactive network environment, where various types of organizations are eager to monitor and track Internet use, anonymity is one of the most powerful resources available to counterbalance the threat of unknown spectators and to ensure Internet privacy.Addressing the demand for authoritative information on anonymous Internet usage, Anonymous Communication Networks: Protecting Privacy on the Web examines anonymous communication networks as a solution to Internet privacy concerns. It explains how anonymous communication networks make it possible for participants to communicate with each other without revealing their identities.The book explores various anonymous communication networks as possible solutions to Internet privacy concernsmaking it ideal for network researchers and anyone interested in protecting their privacy or the privacy of their users. Identifying specific scenarios where it is best to be anonymous, it details the two main approaches to anonymous communication networks: onion routing and mixed networks. Details helpful tips for optimizing onion routing Defines and classifies mixed networks Illustrates the application of a mixed network to e-voting with a case study Considers the application of symmetric cipher and Diffie-Hellman key exchange in Tor Supplies detailed guidance on how to download and install Tor, I2P, JAP/JonDo, and QuickSilver Using examples and case studies, the book illustrates the usefulness of anonymous communication networks for web browsing, email, e-banking, and e-voting. It explains how to obtain anonymous usage permits for cloud software and analyzes the spectrum of existing techniques for anonymous cyber surfing. The text concludes by examining future directions to supply you with the understanding required to ensure anonymous Internet browsing.


Bacterial infections at epithelial surfaces, such as those that line the gut and the lung, stimulate the migration of neutrophils through the co‐ordinated actions of chemoattractants secreted from pathogen‐stimulated epithelial cells. One such factor involved in attracting polymorphonuclear leukocytes across the epithelium and into the lumen has until recently remained elusive. In 2004, we identified the eicosanoid, hepoxilin A3, to be selectively secreted from the apical surface of human intestinal or lung epithelial cells stimulated with Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. In this role, the function of hepoxilin A3 is to guide neutrophils, via the establishment of a gradient, across the epithelial tight junction complex. Interestingly, interruption of the synthetic pathway of hepoxilin A3 blocks the apical release of hepoxilin A3in vitro and the transmigration of neutrophils induced by S. typhimurium both in in vitro and in vivo models of inflammation. Such results have led to the discovery of a completely novel pathway that is not only critical for responses to bacterial pathogens but also has broad implications for inflammatory responses affecting mucosal surfaces in general. Thus, the objective of this review was to highlight the recent findings that implicate hepoxilin A3 as a key regulator of mucosal inflammation.


It is well known from density functional theory that the ground-state electron density ρ(r) in an atom or molecule can be calculated exactly in principle, from a one-body potential energy V(r) into which exchange and correlation interactions are incorporated. Therefore, it is of considerable interest to set up a differential equation which will enable ρ(r) to be calculated directly from V(r) for atoms and molecules with many electrons, without recourse to wave function determination. The problem will be tackled as follows: (i) A careful discussion will be given of the differential equation in one-dimension. Its relation to local density approximations will be demonstrated and it will be shown that the linear harmonic oscillator is a case when the local density equation becomes exact. (ii) A treatment of a closed shell atom with many-electrons will be presented. Here, central field separability is utilized, and two methods are developed. In the first, a separate differential equation is to be solved for each value of the orbital angular momentum l. The second, and presently less accurate, approach solves directly for the total density ρ(r). (iii) For three-dimensional potentials V(r), with arbitrarily low symmetry, as in the general molecular problem, the route to ρ(r) via a generalization of the partition function Z(r, β) with β = (kBT)-1 is then explored. In particular, the effective potential U(rβ) which is essentially - kBT ln Z(rβ) is the tool employed. Such a route is first shown to afford an exact formulation of (i) and (ii) above, which are essentially one-dimensional problems. For a general V(r), a generalization which is approximate is proposed, based on a linearized equation for the effective potential U. This approximation can then be refined by (a) use of the lowest bound state wave function or (b) incorporating non-linear gradient terms in V(r).


The characteristics of the IEEE 802.15.4 physical and medium access layers make such a protocol a suitable candidate to support communication between sensors and actuators in industrial environments. As industrial networks may comprise a large number of sensors and actuators and the delay increases with the increased number of nodes, a possible solution to keep the delay small is the use of multiple radio channels to implement different small low-latency communication cells. Although in IEEE 802.15.4 the radio channels do not overlap, recent literature showed that some interference may actually occur. This paper provides a better understanding of cross-channel interference in co-located IEEE 802.15.4 industrial networks and proposes a general methodology for the assessment of IEEE 802.15.4 performance under different cross-channel interference conditions. This methodology allows a network designer to perform on-site but accurate assessments and can be easily deployed in real industrial environments to perform measurements directly in the environment-under-test. A case study based on COTS IEEE 802.15.4 devices is presented to show how to apply our methodology to a real scenario and to discuss the results obtained with one or multiple interferers and varying some MAC level parameters.


Context: Saudi Arabia remains one of the countries where Filipino nurses sought opportunities. However, this country has a different culture where Filipino nurses are not accustomed yet, therefore patient care can be compromised. Aims: The aim of the following study is to present the practical competency of Filipino nurses working in the hospitals of Taif city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It dealt with the strength of self-efficacy perception of the nurses on the practical constructs and the variations among the strength of self-efficacy perception of the nurses on the practical constructs. Settings and Design: A descriptive - evaluative study using transcultural self-efficacy tool to determine differences in the level of cognitive competency among Filipino nurses with their demographic profile. Subjects and Methods: Filipino nurses ( n = 307) participated in the study. They were working in five hospitals (namely King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, King Faisal Hospital, Children's Hospital, Chest Hospital and Mental Health Hospital) in Taif city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using analysis of variance for comparison between the various groups to specific factors. Results: The strength of self-efficacy perceptions of the nurses within the practical constructs were religious practices and beliefs, religious background and identity, aging, educational background and interest and level of English comprehension. Nonetheless, the majority of the mean score were above the mean score of seven. Conclusion: Nurses were confident in identifying the specific cultural factors that could influence their client behaviors in accepting or rejecting care interventions, and although they shows confidence in some practical construct scale, they still need to have formal education and trainings regarding transcultural nursing, Arabic language and Saudi Arabia's cultural beliefs and practices to enhance their competencies in caring for a patient with diverse cultures.


This paper presents a framework for global synchronization of dynamical networks with nonidentical nodes. Several criteria for synchronization are given using free matrices for both cases of synchronizing to a common equilibrium solution of all isolated nodes and synchronizing to the average state trajectory. These criteria can be viewed as generalizations of the master stability function method for local synchronization of networks with identical nodes to the case of nonidentical nodes. The controlled synchronization problem is also studied. The control action, which is subject to certain constraints, is viewed as reorganization of the connection topology of the network. Synchronizability conditions via control are put forward. The synchronizing controllers can be obtained by solving an optimization problem.


Young children in industrialized societies are increasingly separated from the everyday lives of adults in their community. This article explores the historical and cultural dynamics (and contradictions) of a growing boundary between children, particularly those in child care, and adults without primary care-giving roles. The article proposes that young children's participation in and contributions to a democratic society are rooted in access to this real life. The active role of children in the formation of social capital should be recognized by educators and policy makers as significant in the development of identity. A framework and strategies for developing meaningful child—adult relations in the context of child care are proposed as the basis for further research and practice.


INTRODUCTION: The Jumping Front Kick is not only an important movement that combines jumping movement and leg technique in Chinese martial arts routines, but is also required in the contents of routines of Wushu event in the Asian Games. In view of the different kicking technical features, there are different styles of attack based upon the consciousness of actual combat between kicking with a straight leg swing and kicking with a flexural leg swing. The purpose of this study was to analyze the biomechanical characteristics of the two different Jumping Front Kicks during kick between elite Chinese martial arts players and physical education major students.

METHODS: Ten Chinese martial arts players (height: 168±5cm; weight: 62±4kg; age: 20±3years) with six flexural leg swing and four straight leg swing technique, and ten PE major students (height: 175±5cm; weight: 73±8kg; age: 23±5years) with four flexural leg swing and six straight leg swing technique were served as the subjects for this study. Peak Performance video Motion Analysis System (120Hz) was used to record the movements of the Jumping Front Kick performed by subjects. The selected variables for kick leg were test by completely randomized design two-way ANOVA at a=.05 significant level.

RESULTS: The results indicated that the flexural leg swing were significantly faster in maximal knee joint vertical velocity (5.27±0.52m/s), maximal flexion knee angular velocity (784±145deg/s), and maximal extension knee angular velocity (1010±240 deg/s) than the straight leg swing. There was no significant difference between flexural leg swing and straight leg swing in maximal toe velocity and maximal ankle velocity. However, there was significantly different on time to the maximal toe velocity and time to maximal ankle velocity between the flexural leg swing and the straight leg swing. In addition, the PE major students had significantly greater maximal ankle velocity (9.58±0.62m/s) than the Chinese martial arts players. This may due to the PE major students had longer lower extremity than the Chinese martial arts players, which in agreement with the Chinese martial arts players had significantly greater maximal flexion hip velocity (757±149deg/s) than the PE major students. The data also indicated that the flexural leg swing had two maximal values on ankle and toe vertical velocity.

CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated the flexural leg swing technique may have advantage during actual combat situation. The data suggested that there was no difference on lower extremity velocity when perform the flexural leg swing and straight leg swing. Finally, the PE major students seem to have more attack potential than the Chinese martial arts players.


Unilateral isolated Hypoglossal nerve palsy may result due to neoplasia, trauma, infections, autoimmune or vascular causes. We report a 52 year old male who presented with right hypoglossal nerve palsy and on evaluation was diagnosed to have prostatic malignancy with metastasis to the base of skull. Unilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy as the presenting feature of carcinoma prostate is rarely described.To the best of our knowledge, this is the third case report of unilateral hypoglossal palsy as a manifestation of prostatic carcinoma.


Since student L2 achievement is the primary objective of all language education contexts, a huge number of inquiries have explored the role of students' personal characteristics in promoting their L2 achievement. A plethora of studies have also assessed the impact of teachers' personal and professional qualities on students' L2 achievement. Yet, the effects of teachers' organizational commitment and loving pedagogy have largely been neglected. In addition, no review article has been undertaken to outline the consequences of teachers' organizational commitment and loving pedagogy for students' L2 achievement. Against this backdrop, the present article intends to describe the role of teachers' organizational commitment and loving pedagogy in EFL students' L2 achievement by reviewing the theoretical and empirical evidence. The review revealed that teachers' organizational commitment and loving pedagogy can favorably influence EFL students' L2 achievement. The implications for language teachers, teacher trainers, and educational administrators are also discussed.


Compositionality is a key strategy for addressing combinatorial complexity and the curse of dimensionality. Recent work has shown that compositional solutions can be learned and offer substantial gains across a variety of domains, including multi-task learning, language modeling, visual question answering, machine comprehension, and others. However, such models present unique challenges during training when both the module parameters and their composition must be learned jointly. In this paper, we identify several of these issues and analyze their underlying causes. Our discussion focuses on routing networks, a general approach to this problem, and examines empirically the interplay of these challenges and a variety of design decisions. In particular, we consider the effect of how the algorithm decides on module composition, how the algorithm updates the modules, and if the algorithm uses regularization.


U-Pb analyses of 48 zircon and/or monazite fractions from ten intrusive rocks that range in composition from quartz diorite to leucogranite yield crystallization ages between 40 and 29 Ma. The new data indicate that Tertiary intrusive rocks constitute a widespread and significant magmatic component of the Ruby-East Humboldt metamorphic core complex. Some of the intrusive rocks are gneissic to mylonitic and have been penetratively deformed in a shear zone that can be traced for >100 km along the west flank of the core complex. These data, when coupled with previously published geochronologic data, indicate that an important episode of mylonitization occurred between ∼29 and 23 Ma (late Oligocene). Some field relations and geochronologic data, however, also suggest an earlier history of mylonitization in parts of the core complex. This earlier mylonitic history may have occurred in the Eocene or even late Mesozoic time, although more-detailed geochronologic data are needed to clearly define the exact time interval. Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic data from the dated intrusive units indicate that a relatively sharp, approximately east-west-striking crustal boundary separating predominantly Archean basement in the north from Proterozoic basement in the south transects the complex. We speculate that the crustal boundary represents the continuation of the Cheyenne belt into this part of northeastern Nevada. These new data cast doubt on the existence of the proposed 2.0-2.3 Ga crustal province in this part of the northern Great Basin. The isotopic data from the plutonic rocks coupled with published data from at least in part coeval volcanic rocks indicate that mantle-derived magmas were important in their genesis. Collectively, these data indicate that significant crustal growth, via the addition of mantle-derived magmas, occurred during large-magnitude extension in this part of the northern Great Basin.


Observing important patient boundaries is often limited to hospitals or other health care facilities, which makes the process time-consuming and expensive. We see that with the advancement of technology and the use of small nerves, there have been efforts to use new technologies in various areas to improve human health. People in need of health care find it very expensive and this is especially true in developing countries. As a result, this project is an attempt to solve the health care problem currently facing the community. The main purpose of this project was to design a reliable health care system. It consists of three main parts. The first part was to detect the patient's health using nerves, the second was to send data to cloud storage and the last part was to provide the details of remote vision. Remote viewing of the data enables the physician or caregiver to monitor the patient's health progress away from the hospital premises. The purpose of this project was to develop a Reliable Health System that could be developed by local licenses with the aim of making it less expensive for mass production. The proposed construction therefore collects sensory data via Arduino microcontroller and transmits it to the cloud when it is processed and analyzed for remote viewing. Response actions based on analyzed information can be sent back to the doctor or caregiver via email and / or SMS alerts in the event of an emergency. Index Terms Internet of Things (Iot), Sensors of system disruption; Arduino Microcontroller


A quasi-optical method for solid-state power combining with applications to high-power millimeter-wave generation is discussed. The approach uses two-dimensional planar arrays of weakly coupled oscillators. Limiting the strength of the coupling avoids multifrequency moding problems and simplifies the design. A radiating element is embedded in each oscillator so that the power combining is accomplished in free space. The concept which has been demonstrated with two prototype arrays, one using Gunn diodes and the other using MESFETs is discussed. A theoretical description of the coupled-oscillator arrays is presented for design purposes, and is used to investigate phasing problems and stability. Experiments are discussed which indicate that in-phase operation is facilitated by using a quasi-optical reflector element. which influences the operating frequency and coupling between the elements. Equivalent isotropic radiated powers of 22 W at 1% efficiency for a 16-element Gunn array and 10 W at 26% efficiency for a 16-element MESFET array which have been obtained at X-band are discussed. >


A high performance liquid chromatographic method with electrochemical detection is described for simultaneously measuring the concentrations of the endogenous catecholamines and the deaminated catecholamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenyglycol (DHPG) in plasma. Plasma DHPG concentrations as determined by the present method were 734 +/- 77pg/ml after 30 min. of supine rest whereas plasma norepinephrine (NE) concentrations were 114 +/- 20pg/ml in 5 healthy subjects. The DHPG and NE concentrations increased to 891 +/- 64 and 266 +/- 36pg/ml, respectively, after 30 min. of upright position following 30 min. of supine rest. The simultaneous measurement of plasma DHPG and NE concentrations may provide a more comprehensive assessment of the sympathetic nervous system.


Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and is the most common cause of dementia. It is characterized by synaptic and neuronal loss, and the hallmark of AD is the presence of plaques in the brains of patients, which are primarily composed of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). However, the mechanisms by which Aβ gives rise to pathology have not been fully defined as yet. Evidence suggests that soluble oligomers of the peptide are the most potent and toxic form of Aβ. To uncover the potential mechanism by which Aβ may lead to toxicity in neurons, a transcriptomic profile of primary mouse cortical neurons in response to oligomeric Aβ (1-42) treatment was performed. The results show the differential regulation of genes involved in the biosynthesis of steroids and cholesterol, as well as other genes whose products are associated with lipid metabolism. Cholesterol may be a risk factor for development of the disease and several cholesterol-related genes linked to AD have been reported. The findings in this chapter highlight the importance of interactions between Aβ and cholesterol, and have potential implications for pathology in AD brain.


This chapter explores how six constructs—control, trust, perceived risk, risk propensity, perceived legal protection, and privacy disposition—affect information disclosure on the Social Networking Site (SNS) Facebook. Building upon previous related work, an extended causal model of disclosure behaviour is proposed. The hypothesised relationships in this model were tested using survey data collected from 278 social networking site users in Ireland. The results of the analysis provide strong support for the proposed model.


Objective: The functional and aesthetic result from secondary cleft rhinoplasty is commonly impaired by a bulge in the lateral nasal vestibule, which can relapse in the postoperative period despite careful intraoperative correction. We aim to improve our results by using a foam ear defender as a postoperative splint to prevent relapse. Design: Case series of 10 patients with photographs of a typical clinical case. Interventions: The postoperative nasal pack was exchanged with a foam ear defender on day 5. The splint was worn continuously for 3 to 4 weeks, then nightly for 3 months. The splint was changed daily by the patient. Main Outcome Measures: The results were assessed clinically by the senior author. Results: The patients had little or no recurrence of the lateral vestibular bulge following nasal splintage. Conclusions: Foam ear defenders are a simple, cheap, and comfortable method to provide splintage to the nasal vestibule following secondary cleft rhinoplasty.


The author presents a critique of the data currently available on population and population trends in Pakistan which she considers inadequate for development planning needs. She also examines the reasons why the national family planning program has failed to reduce fertility significantly (ANNOTATION)


BACKGROUND
In trials comparing different formulations of measles vaccine, excess non-specific mortality occurred in female children who received high titer vaccine. These findings suggest a gender-specific effect of measles vaccine.

OBJECTIVES
To determine whether gender differences exist in the rates of adverse reactions and morbidity in the month following immunization with measles-containing vaccine, and to evaluate whether there is a gender-specific association between the humoral immune response to measles vaccination and post-vaccination morbidity.

METHODS
Parents completed questionnaires on the health status of 755 infants aged 15-20 months, during the month preceding and the month following the measles-mumps-rubella vaccination. Blood samples were tested for measles antibody titers in a subsample of 237 infants.

RESULTS
After controlling background morbidity in the infants, the relative risk of fever and rash following vaccination was 2.35 in females and 1.36 in males. The geometric mean antibody titers against measles were similar in both sexes and there was no significant association between antibody titer and post-vaccination morbidity in either sex.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings demonstrate higher rates of adverse effects in females following vaccination with MMR vaccine, irrespective of the humoral response. This study emphasizes the need to consider possible gender differences when evaluating new vaccines.


Reproductive health among cancer survivors is an important quality of life issue. Certain cancer therapies have known fertility risks. There is an existing cohort of adolescents and young adults (AYA) cancer survivors that, seen less frequently in clinical care settings than active patients, are likely not having discussions of fertility and other reproductive health issues. A survivor or healthcare provider can easily assume that the window of opportunity for fertility preservation has passed, however emerging research has shown this may not be the case. Recent data demonstrates a close relationship between fertility and other late effects to conclude that ongoing assessment during survivorship is warranted. Some fertility preservation procedures have also been shown to mitigate common late effects. This review explores the link between late effects from treatment and common comorbidities from infertility, which may exacerbate these late effects. This review also highlights the relevance of fertility discussions in the AYA survivorship population.


Study Objectives
To compare intraindividually the effects of acute sleep deprivation (ASD) and chronic sleep restriction (CSR) on the homeostatic increase in slow wave activity (SWA) and to relate it to impairments in basic cognitive functioning, that is, vigilance.

Methods
The increase in SWA after ASD (40 hours of wakefulness) and after CSR (seven nights with time in bed restricted to 5 hours per night) relative to baseline sleep was assessed in nine healthy, male participants (age = 18-26 years) by high-density electroencephalography. The SWA increase during the initial part of sleep was compared between the two conditions of sleep loss. The increase in SWA was related to the increase in lapses of vigilance in the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) during the preceding days.

Results
While ASD induced a stronger increase in initial SWA than CSR, the increase was globally correlated across the two conditions in most electrodes. The increase in initial SWA was positively associated with the increase in PVT lapses.

Conclusions
The individual homeostatic response in SWA is globally preserved across acute and chronic sleep loss, that is, individuals showing a larger increase after ASD also do so after CSR and vice versa. Furthermore, the increase in SWA is globally correlated to vigilance impairments after sleep loss over both conditions. Thus, the increase in SWA might therefore provide a physiological marker for individual differences in performance impairments after sleep loss.


In this paper, genetic based generalized dimension exchange (GDE) method is proposed with the intention to uniformly distribute the unprecedented Web cluster workload. Due to the vagueness of workload during the redistribution period, fuzzy approach is implemented to model the Web cluster distributed system during workload exchange. According to experts' subjective evaluation, fuzzy system is established to aggregate the fuzzy linguistic term of Web performance metrics into a so-called load-weight index that indicates the servers' workload intensity. Based on the load-weight, a genetic algorithm with robust searching capabilities will equally redistribute the workload among the servers with the assistance of the fuzzy system.


The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) shuttles between the cytoplasm and nucleus and plays important roles in RNA metabolism. Whereas nuclear hnRNP A1 has been shown to bind intronic sequences and modulate splicing, cytoplasmic hnRNP A1 is associated with poly(A)+ RNA, indicating different RNA ligand specificity. Previous studies indicated that cytoplasmic hnRNP A1 is capable of high-affinity binding of reiterated AUUUA sequences (ARE) that have been shown to modulate mRNA turnover and translation. Through a combination of two-dimensional gel and proteolysis studies, we establish hnRNP A1 (or structurally related proteins that are post-translationally regulated in an identical manner) as the dominant cytoplasmic protein in human T lymphocytes capable of interacting with the ARE contained within the context of full-length granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor mRNA. We additionally demonstrate that cytoplasmic hnRNP A1 preferentially binds ARE relative to pre-mRNAs in both cross-linking and mobility shift experiments. RNA polymerase II inhibition increased the binding of ARE (AUBP activity) and poly(U)-Sepharose by cytoplasmic hnRNP A1, while nuclear hnRNP A1 binding was unaffected. Nuclear and cytoplasmic hnRNP A1 could be distinguished by the differential sensitivity of their RNA binding to diamide and N-ethylmaleimide. The increase in AUBP activity of cytoplasmic hnRNP A1 following RNA polymerase II inhibition correlated with serine-threonine dephosphorylation, as determined by inhibitor and metabolic labeling studies. Thus, cytoplasmic and nuclear hnRNP A1 exhibit different RNA binding profiles, perhaps transduced through serine-threonine phosphorylation. These findings are relevant to the specific ability of hnRNP A1 to serve distinct roles in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in both the nucleus and cytoplasm.


We present the design and simulation of systolic information processing hardware that is comprised of single domain, Co/Pt magnets (i.e., out-of-plane nanomagnet logic or oNML). The designed circuit can identify instances of a preprogrammed bit sequence in streaming data. The systolic architecture 1) exploits unique benefits of the oNML device architecture such as nonvolatility and inherently pipelined logic with no memory overhead for holding the bits in the pipeline and 2) mitigates less desirable features of oNML such as nearest neighbor dataflow and longer device switching times when compared to a CMOS transistor. The designed layout is verified and analyzed by micromagnetic simulations. We quantify how the performance and energy of oNML information processing hardware compares to CMOS equivalents and conclude that the initial oNML design (including the overhead of magnetic field generation) is about an order of magnitude more power efficient at essentially iso-performance.


In this paper, we describe the use of feedforward neural networks to improve the term-distance term-occurrence (TDTO) language model, previously proposed in [1]−[3]. The main idea behind the TDTO model proposition is to model separately both position and occurrence information of words in the history-context to better estimate n -gram probabilities. Neural networks have been shown to offer a better generalization property than other conventional smoothing methods. We take advantage of such property for a better smoothing mechanism for the TDTO model, referred to as the continuous space TDTO (cTDTO). The newly proposed model has reported an improved perplexity over the baseline TDTO model of up to 9.2%, at history length of ten, as evaluated on the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) corpus. Also, in the Aurora-4 speech recognition N -best re-ranking task, the cTDTO outperformed the TDTO model by reducing the word error rate (WER) up to 12.9% relatively.


Summary
The results of a nine-weeks survey in selected localities of the Republic of Nicaragua are presented as a contribution to a fund of information upon which might be based the formulation of programs for the control and eradication of arthropod-born diseases. A list is given of 124 species which are distributed among the Culicidae (38), Muscoidea (15), Tabanidae (14), Mallophaga and Anoplura (8), Acarina (5), and several other groups (44), with geographical distribution records and life history notes. The probable vectors and the transmission of prevaliling arthropod-borne diseases are discussed. Malaria, the dysenteries, typhoid, myiasis due to Dermatobia hominis, and perhaps filariasis, are common. Suitable vectors are numerous, widely distributed, and uncontrolled.


Using a new subtraction method and chemically induced rat hepatocellular carcinomas, we identified a hepatocellular carcinogenesis and hepatocyte proliferation-related gene designated hp33 that encoded a 33-kDa protein. The predicted protein was similar to the bovine aralkyl N-acyltransferase and arylacetyl N-acyltransferase. HP33 was restrictively expressed in the liver and kidney, and its gene expression was stimulated in the regenerating liver as well as in hepatocellular carcinoma. Interestingly, it was demonstrated in various hepatic cells that HP33 was localized in regions surrounding the centrosome, where mitochondria were not concentrated. Moreover, its centrosomal localization was evident in the interphase but not in the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. The centrosomal localization of HP33 was dependent on microtubules, and ectopically expressed HP33 was seen at centrosomes even in fibroblasts, which do not exhibit a typical staining pattern of HP33. The centrosomal localization of HP33 became invisible by nocodazole treatment, whereas the mitochondrial staining pattern was not affected by it. In vitro cosedimentation experiments using purified microtubules indicated that HP33 bound to MTs directly and that its MT-binding ability was dependent on the C-terminal basic domain of the protein. These results suggest that, different from early predictions based on its primary structure, HP33 has a growth- and carcinogenesis-related function that may be independent of mitochondrial function.


For health institutions, knowing the fate of human resources within their classrooms is an extremely complicated task. Within the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, where most specialists are trained in our country, with a clear orientation towards the pursuit of excellence and satisfaction of their needs human resources for health in Mexico is provided, hence the need to identify the professional profile and career destination of its graduates, which will be useful in the training of human resources for health.


It has been almost thirty years since Shannon introduced the sampling theorem to communications theory. In this review paper we will attempt to present the various contributions made for the sampling theorems with the necessary mathematical details to make it self-contained. We will begin by a clear statement of Shannon's sampling theorem followed by its applied interpretation for time-invariant systems. Then we will review its origin as Whittaker's interpolation series. The extensions will include sampling for functions of more than one variable, random processes, nonuniform sampling, nonband-limited functions, implicit sampling, generalized functions (distributions), sampling with the function and its derivatives as suggested by Shannon in his original paper, and sampling for general integral transforms. Also the conditions on the functions to be sampled will be summarized. The error analysis of the various sampling expansions, including specific error bounds for the truncation, aliasing, jitter and parts of various other errors will be discussed and summarized. This paper will be concluded by searching the different recent applications of the sampling theorems in other fields, besides communications theory. These include optics, crystallography, time-varying systems, boundary value problems, spline approximation, special functions, and the Fourier and other discrete transforms.


Objectives Different complex strategies of fusing handcrafted descriptors and features from convolutional neural network (CNN) models have been studied, mainly for two-class Papanicolaou (Pap) smear image classification. This paper explores a simplified system using combined binary coding for a five-class version of this problem. Methods This system extracted features from transfer learning of AlexNet, VGG19, and ResNet50 networks before reducing this problem into multiple binary sub-problems using error-correcting coding. The learners were trained using the support vector machine (SVM) method. The outputs of these classifiers were combined and compared to the true class codes for the final prediction. Results Despite the superior performance of VGG19-SVM, with mean ± standard deviation accuracy and sensitivity of 80.68% ± 2.00% and 80.86% ± 0.45%, respectively, this model required a long training time. There were also false-negative cases using both the VGGNet-SVM and ResNet-SVM models. AlexNet-SVM was more efficient in terms of running speed and prediction consistency. Our findings also showed good diagnostic ability, with an area under the curve of approximately 0.95. Further investigation also showed good agreement between our research outcomes and that of the state-of-the-art methods, with specificity ranging from 93% to 100%. Conclusions We believe that the AlexNet-SVM model can be conveniently applied for clinical use. Further research could include the implementation of an optimization algorithm for hyperparameter tuning, as well as an appropriate selection of experimental design to improve the efficiency of Pap smear image classification.


Background: Malignant MCA infarction is a devastating disease associated with up to 80% mortality due to edema and herniation. Evidence from three European randomized trials show that decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) may improve functional outcomes in select patients. Adjacent cerebral territorial infarction often coincides with malignant MCA infarcts. This study compares the effects of isolated malignant MCA infarcts versus combined malignant MCA plus ipsilateral (ACA or PCA) infarcts on functional outcomes in patients surviving one or more years following DHC. We hypothesized that patients with no additional territorial involvement would have a better functional outcome.

Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent DHC for malignant MCA infarction from 03/2006 to 03/2012. Inclusion criteria include: Age 18-60, clinical and radiographical diagnosis of acute unilateral MCA stroke involving at least 50% of MCA territory, and DHC performed primarily to treat space occupying edema . Exclusion criteria include: Prestroke mRs of >2, life expectancy < 3 years, and death < 1 year after DHC. Patients were divided into two groups: (a) those with isolated MCA infarcts and (b) those with MCA combined with significant adjacent ipsilateral ACA or PCA involvement. Functional outcomes were calculated using the modified Rankin scale (mRs). The mean mRs was calculated for each group and the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney two tailed test was used to calculate statistical significance. Alpha level was set at p< 0.05.

Results: A total of 26 patients met criteria. 20 patients had isolated MCA infarcts while 6 had combined MCA plus ACA or PCA infarcts. No statistical difference in functional outcome was observed between the isolated MCA group (x- =3.6) and the combined MCA group (x- =3.83) (p value=0.614).

Conclusion: In this retrospective study, patients surviving one year after their DHC did not demonstrate a worse functional outcome due to additional cerebral territorial co-infarction. These findings argue against a major negative influence of combined infarctions on functional outcome compared to previous limited studies. Larger studies are needed to verify these results and to better assess criteria for ideal patient selection for DHC.


Providing system (10) for identifying a substance (82) is provided. The system comprising: a first scatter detector (16), which is configured to detect a first set of scattered radiation (89, 90); a second scatter detector (18), which is configured to detect a second set of scattered radiation (88 , 91); and a processor (190) configured to generate a first effective atomic number from the first set of scattered radiation, generating a second effective atomic number from the second set of scattered radiation, and determining (642) the effective atomic number is within a first range of the second effective atomic number.


A patient was observed who came with the following symptoms persisting for six months: paraesthesia in the lower and upper limbs, weakening of muscle strength, difficulties in walking. The high value of the mean cell volume in blood morphologic examination called attention to the possibility of vitamin B12 deficiency which had not yet manifested itself as anaemia. Further studies confirmed this suggestion. As the result of the treatment with vitamin B12 full normalization of the nervous system condition and results of examinations was achieved.


Water resources have become cannot meet the increasing demand in terms of quantity and quality. Water resources, as one of the limited natural resources are the common property of society. Therefore, one of the foremost task of the state to protect water resources effectively, develop, control and to make its distribution to everyone will benefit from it. Agricultural irrigations are the largest water consumer group, when compared with the other sectors. There is increasing pressure on more efficient use of water in irrigations. Pricing is located as a guiding and controlling tool in water management policies. Many countries uses water pricing as main tool in the regulations of irrigation water and for the water shortages. Water management and operations are extremely vital issue in terms of irrigation systems and their efficiencies, water pricing, conservation and development of water resources. The countries in order to have more efficient management of water resources, either to make reforms or have to find new solutions to meet their needs, according to new exchanges and opportunities in water resources management. DSI, began to withdraw from the operation of irrigation facilities and transferred majority the systems to water users associations (WUAs) and ratio has reached 96% in Turkey. The expected benefits from WUAs are not enough. The changes in the concept of public services towards to the market economy in the management of water services were observed in recent years. The process is progressing on the basis of the privatization. Water supply is one of the important services in an economy that never only to be left to the market economy


There is a paucity of studies aimed to compare the healing process of piezosurgery with conventional surgery. This study evaluated the histopathological assessment of healing process in osteotomy defects caused by these surgical methods in rats using an amniotic membrane (hAM). In this randomized controlled experimental study, there were 2 main groups: group 1 (Piezosurgery method-right tibia) and group 2 (Conventional surgery method-left tibia) and subgroups determined by the sacrification periods on the 7th (n = 20) and 21st days (n = 20). hAM was used in all groups. The primary outcome variable was new bone formation, while inflammation, necrosis, fibrotic tissue formation in the defective zone were secondary outcomes. 40 male Sprague Dawley rats were used. The 7th day fibrosis levels and the 7th new bone-building level of the group who underwent piezosurgery were found to be significantly higher than those of the group undergoing conventional surgery (p < 0.05) and the 21st new bone-building level was significantly lower than conventional surgery. In all rats, on the 21st day, there were statistically significant decreases in inflammation, fibrosis, and increases in the healing score (p < 0.05). Also, there was no statistically difference in new bone formation between 7st and 21st days (p > 0.05). The choice of conventional surgery when applying with hAM increases the new bone building in the late period.


The tick Ixodes ricinus is the vector of various pathogens, including Chlamydiales bacteria, potentially causing respiratory infections. In this study, we modelled the spatial distribution of I. ricinus and associated Chlamydiales over Switzerland from 2009 to 2019. We used a total of 2293 ticks and 186 Chlamydiales occurrences provided by a Swiss Army field campaign, a collaborative smartphone application and a prospective campaign. For each tick location, we retrieved from Swiss federal datasets the environmental factors reflecting the topography, climate and land cover. We then used the Maxent modelling technique to estimate the suitability for I. ricinus and to subsequently build the nested niche of Chlamydiales bacteria. Results indicate that I. ricinus high habitat suitability is determined by higher temperature and vegetation index (NDVI) values, lower temperature during driest months and a higher percentage of artificial and forests areas. The performance of the model was increased when extracting the environmental variables for a 100 m-radius buffer around the sampling points and when considering the data over the two years previous sampling date. For Chlamydiales bacteria, the suitability was favoured by lower percentage of artificial surfaces, driest conditions, high precipitation during coldest months and short distances to wetlands. From 2009 to 2018, we observed an extension of tick and Chlamydiales suitable areas, associated with a shift towards higher altitude. The importance to consider spatio-temporal variations of the environmental conditions for obtaining better prediction was also demonstrated. Importance Ixodes ricinus is the vector of pathogens, including the agent of Lyme disease, the tick borne encephalitis virus and the less known Chlamydiales bacteria at the origin of some respiratory infections. In this study, we identified the environmental factors influencing the presence of I. ricinus and Chlamydiales in Switzerland and generated maps of their distribution from 2009 to 2018. We found an important expansion of suitable areas for both the tick and the bacteria during the last decade. Results provided also the environmental factors that determine the presence of Chlamydiales within ticks. Distribution maps as generated here are expected to bring valuable informations for decision-makers to control tick-borne diseases in Switzerland and establish prevention campaigns. The methodological framework presented could be used to predict the distribution and spread of other host-pathogen couples, to identify environmental factors driving their distribution and to develop control or prevention strategies accordingly.


This work concerns particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements with a high-speed camera in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB). Because of the nature of the gas–particle flow in the riser of the CFB a dense wall layer of particles is observed when the superficial gas velocity is increased beyond a certain limit. This dense wall layer reduced the quality of the measurements. A mask is developed which improves the quality of the PIV measurements. Furthermore, it increases the range of superficial gas velocities for which the measurements can be obtained in the CFB system. The improved PIV measurement is verified via laser Doppler anemometry measurements. The results are of interest for measurements of dense wall-layer flows.


Abstract We studied the diet and foraging ecology of a community of six psittacines in western Costa Rica. All had a varied diet with clear seasonal changes in preferred food items, mostly due to changes in plant phenology. There was a significant relationship between parrot mass and food types: larger-bodied parrots consumed more seeds and smaller-bodied parakeets consumed more fruit pulp. Leaves, bark, and lichen were also consumed by most psittacines. Most parrots consumed more plant species in the dry season when food availability was at its peak. Levins' niche breath showed varying levels of diet specialization among species and, for some species, variation among seasons. There was less similarity in seasonal psittacine diets when compared to overall diets. Scarlet Macaws (Ara macao) under study were captive raised and released which may have contributed to their narrow diet breadth as they may have lacked the knowledge or experience to exploit additional food sources. Non-native and cultivated species comprised 76% of the diet of Scarlet Macaws, and averaged 28% for all other species. This suggests that foraging parrots may have increased conflicts with humans as landscapes become increasingly modified. Forest restoration strategies should augment the abundance of food species consumed when overall food supply is at its annual low.


This paper describes an application of (adaptive) Kalman filtering to a geophysical subsurface estimation problem. The NGT® is a sonde designed to detect the natural gamma rays of various energies emitted from a formation by the radioactive nuclei of potassium (K) and the thorium (Th) and uranium-radium (U) series. Using a minicomputer at the surface, the (Th,U,K) concentrations along the borehole have to be estimated on-line from the detection of the gamma rays in five energy windows. The standard technique in the logging industry has been to compute the elemental concentrations at a given depth using only the observed counting rates at the same depth. The resulting estimates have fairly large statistical errors which have limited the application of the NGT in computer reservoir evaluation. In this paper, it is shown that a Kalman filter based on a dynamical model of the (Th,U,K) vertical variations can produce real-time estimates that are readily usable on a quantitative basis. The paper focuses on the usual critical issues in applying Kalman filtering to real data, namely modeling, adaptivity, and computational aspects.


This paper has two main objectives: first, to identify main drivers of self-listing after demutualisation in Asia-Pacific region and second, to investigate the level of outside supervision, corporate governance mechanisms of the self-listed stock exchanges. We test several hypotheses to establish the relationship between factors indicated in the literature and self-listing. Our preliminary findings show that government policies have played a significant role in listing decisions in Malaysia and Singapore. We find that those exchanges seek listing which are in need of external finance for sustaining growth in capital expenditure. Technological advancements, regional competition for new firms listings and trading volume also have significant impact on the listing decisions of the exchanges in this region. We also find that Malaysian stock exchange still has government ownership through its agencies where Australian and New Zealand Exchanges have no government ownership after listing on the exchanges. Corporate governance mechanisms also vary across the countries in this region, highlighting the tension between contested control of the government on one hand and regulatory efficiency on the other hand. Our findings have significant implications for the futures of exchanges in Asia-Pacific region.


We recently demonstrated that immunoglobulin E (IgE), in the absence of cross-linking agents, activates signaling pathways in healthy murine bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) and that this activation enhances BMMC survival, at least in part, via secretion of autocrine-acting cytokines. We report herein that IgE alone also triggers the adhesion of both BMMCs and connective tissue mast cells (CTMCs) to the connective tissue component, fibronectin (FN). This adhesion occurs to the same extent as that triggered by optimal levels of Steel factor (SF) or IgE + antigen (IgE + Ag) and is mediated by an increased avidity of the integrin very late antigen 5 (VLA-5). Moreover, this IgE-induced adhesion, which is prolonged compared with that elicited by SF or IgE + Ag, requires phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), phospholipase C gamma (PLCgamma), and extracellular calcium but not extracellular-regulated kinase (Erk) or p38. Interestingly, we found, using the calcium channel blocker, 2-APB (2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate) and Lyn-/- BMMCs that both IgE- and IgE + Ag-induced adhesion to FN require extracellular calcium entry, whereas SF does not. Furthermore, our data suggest that FN acts synergistically with IgE to prolong intracellular phosphorylation events and to enhance IgE-induced inflammatory cytokine production and BMMC survival.


Sprawl is considered to be one of the main issues in contemporary urban planning and economics. Several economic instruments have been proposed to deal with it, from environmental taxation to standards and command and control mechanisms. In this paper, I aim to investigate the impact of urban growth boundaries and in general of urban containment policies on housing prices in US cities. In particular, by using CMHPI-Freddie Mac data on the period 1975-2009 and by using parametric and semi-parametric difference-in-differences models, I find that, contrary to previous literature, the introduction of urban and state-wide growth management programs raises housing prices.


Number of different Advanced Driving Assistant Systems (ADAS) are implemented in modern vehicles. One of the important ADAS is lane departure warning system which warns driver when lane switching is occurring unintentionally. Integral part of such system is a lane detection algorithm based on front-view camera images. In this paper, an algorithm for detecting lane markings from images is designed and implemented in FPGA technology on Zynq-7000 System-on-Chip (SoC) using VHDL. The algorithm is based on traditional computer vision techniques to obtain lane markings and detect driving lane. The algorithm evaluation was performed on images of different resolution in various conditions. The high performance has been achieved in terms of lane detection, but improvements are needed in terms of algorithm execution speed.


Quipus, used by the Incas during the sixteenth century, were sophisticated devices for recording and transmitting codified information. They are a part of the global history of data handling and computation. This paper describes the logical-numerical system expressed through these multicolored spatial arrays of knotted cords. included are basic ideas about the logical structures of some quipu formats and the means of encoding quantitative and nonquantitative data. Several specific examples are given of quipus containing arithmetic and logical relationships.


OBJECTIVE
There is an increasing interest in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) low expression breast cancer with the result of novel anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugates for breast cancer. HER2 low expression breast cancer is expected to become a new type of breast cancer. This study analyzed and compared the clinicopathological features and survival data of breast cancer with HER2 low expression group [immunohistochemistry (IHC) 1+ or IHC 2+, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) negative] and HER2 zero expression group (IHC 0), in order to explore the difference in clinical biology of HER2 low expression breast cancers.

METHODS
Among 1 250 female patients with primary non-metastatic breast cancer admitted to the Breast Disease Center of Peking University First Hospital from January 2014 to December 2017, 969 cases were HER2 negative (IHC 0, 1+, 2+, and FISH was not amplified). The clinicopathologic features and prognosis of the patients with HER2 low expression (IHC 1+ or 2+, and unamplified by FISH) and HER2 zero expression (IHC 0) were analyzed. Disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated, survival rates were calculated by Kaplan-Meier curve, and survival differences were compared by Log-rank test. Cox regression analysis of univariate and multivariate prognostic factors. Bilateral test was used, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS
In the 969 patients with HER2 negative breast cancer, 606 had HER2 low expression (62.54%) and 363 had HER2 zero expression (37.46%). Compared with breast cancer with HER2 zero expression, those with HER2 low expression had higher N stage (P=0.001) and TNM stage (P=0.044), the proportion of non-specific histological types was higher (82.7% vs. 79.1%, P=0.009), the histological grade was higher (P=0.048), and the positive rate of hormone receptor was higher (83.2% vs. 75.2%, P=0.003). The percentage of Ki-67 value index >30% was lower (30.4% vs. 36.6%, P=0.044). There was no significant difference in DFS and OS between the two groups (P>0.05). In the 969 cases, 777 were hormone receptor positive and 192 were hormone receptor negative (triple negative cancer). Among the 777 cases with hormone receptor positive, 504 (64.9%) were HER2 low expression, and 273 (35.1%) were HER2 zero expression. Compared with breast cancer with HER2 zero expression group, the HER2 low expression group had a younger age (P=0.016), a higher proportion of premenopausal patients (P=0.029), more lymph node involvement (P=0.002), and a higher total TNM stage (P=0.031), and less frequent histological types of lobular and mucinous carcinoma (3.6% vs. 7.3%, 4.8% vs. 10.6%, P=0.001). There was no difference in DFS and OS between HER2 low expression and zero expression (P>0.05). Among 192 patients with hormone receptor negative, there were 102 cases (53.1%) with HER2 low expression and 90 cases (46.9%) with HER2 zero expression. Compared with the HER2 zero expression groups, HER2 low expression group was older (P=0.001), the proportion of premenopausal patients was low (P=0.029), the histological grade was lower (P < 0.001), the Ki-67 value index was lower (P < 0.001), and androgen receptor positive rate was higher (58.8% vs. 34.4%, P < 0.001). DFS was better than HER2 zero expression group (P=0.038), but there was no difference in OS between the two groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSION
HER2 low expression breast cancer accounts for about half of all breast cancers, and the incidence is much higher than that of HER2 positive breast cancer. Its clinicopathologic features are heterogeneous, and the status of hormone receptor expression has an impact on the clinical biology of this group.


This paper addresses an order selection decision model in a make-to-order operation environment based on the short- term capacity-planning problem. Make-to-stock and Make-to- order are two generic operation modes commonly used in the manufacturing world. The make-to-order enterprise makes the production systems to produce a product only after it is ordered. The enterprise must decide which orders can be accepted to get the optimal profit and meet the due time. This paper addresses a order selection decision model in a make-to-order operation environment. The mathematical model is proposed to select a set of customer orders to maximize the operational profit such that all the selected orders are fulfilled by their deadline. With a given capacity limit on each resource type and its cost rate, solving this model leads to an optimal production mix for the orders over a given time horizon. The conclusion shows that it is not a optimal choice to accept all customer's orders although they can be produced before deadline. This paper tells the enterprise how to select the order selection according to the cost and production capacity planning.


Objectives Knowledge Translation (KT) is a dynamic and interactive process that includes the synthesis and dissemination of knowledge to improve health, the first task of Cochrane Fields. Evidence is considered scarce in the world of Rehabilitation and this has a great impact at political, organisational and consumer levels. The main European stakeholders of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (PRM), the medical specialty dealing with rehabilitation, called European PRM Bodies, started an effort that gave rise to Cochrane Rehabilitation with the scope to improve evidence production and related KT in this area. Cochrane Rehabilitation, in collaboration with the European PRM Bodies, has recently decided to engage in the production of an e-book including all relevant Cochrane Systematic Reviews (CSR) in order to facilitate the dissemination of evidence to all the different audiences described in the Cochrane KT Strategy. The aim of this work is to describe this KT effort. Method An editorial group has been set up. To offer a systematic and comprehensible reading, the e-book will have an index and each CSR would be related to one or more indexed topics. Each CSR will be presented with the original abstracts and plain language summary, plus 4 different summaries directed to convey the evidence to 4 different audiences (clinicians, students, policy makers and consumers). The e-book summaries will be initially produced by trainees in PRM of an Italian University and revised by the e-book editors, to be finally approved and released by the European PRM Bodies. Results A first draft of the e-book was created, which will have to be approved by the European Bodies. A pilot was performed and guidelines to facilitate the summaries production were defined. The clinical summary is meant for all clinicians and health professionals and should highlight the main results of the CSR. The educational summary is meant for medical or other health professional students, reinforcing all basic concepts. The political summary is addressed to policy decision makers and rehabilitation administrators; the text should be very concise and simple to understand. The consumer summary is meant for patients and caregivers and should be written in a clear and simple language as to explain to a patient his/her clinical condition and possible treatments. Conclusions The e-book project is an important part of the Cochrane Rehabilitation KT Strategy as it would be a useful product to: 1. inform all rehabilitation health professionals on existing evidence; 2. educate students to achieve updated knowledge and learn how to select the best sources of scientific information, learning from the actual best evidence; 3. support political actions toward policymakers, consumers and other stakeholders to effectively organise service delivery, allocate resources, and allow persons experiencing disability to benefit from the best available rehabilitation interventions; and 4. identify unmet needs of evidence synthesis and prioritise Cochrane future work.


The purpose of the paper is to explore and analyse the history of the predominantly Malaysian Network of Overseas Students Collectives in Australia (NOSCA), that existed from 1985–1994.,The paper is based on extensive archival research in the State Library of New South Wales, the National Library of Australia and the University of New South Wales (UNSW) Archives. It makes particular use of the UNSW student newspaper Tharunka and the NOSCA publications Truganini and Default. It also draws upon nine oral history interviews with former members of NOSCA.,The NOSCA was particularly prominent at the UNSW, building a base there and engaging substantially in the student union. Informed by anarchism, its activists were interested in an array of issues–especially opposition to student fees and in solidarity with struggles for democracy and national liberation in Southeast Asia, especially around East Timor. Moreover, the group would serve as a training ground for a layer of activists, dissidents and opposition politicians throughout Southeast Asia, with a milieu of ex-NOSCA figures sometimes disparagingly referred to as "the NOSCA Mafia.",While there has been much research on overseas students, there has been far less on overseas students as protestors and activists. This paper is the first case study to specifically hone in on NOSCA, one of the most substantial and left wing overseas student groups. Tracing the group's history helps us to reframe and rethink the landscape of student activism in Australia, as less white, less middle class and less privileged.


Mouse nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogens phenobarbital (PB) and chlordane induce hepatomegaly characterized by hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Increased cell proliferation is implicated in the mechanism of tumor induction. The relevance of these tumors to human health is unclear. The xenoreceptors, constitutive androstane receptors (CARs), and pregnane X receptor (PXR) play key roles in these processes. Novel "humanized" and knockout models for both receptors were developed to investigate potential species differences in hepatomegaly. The effects of PB (80 mg/kg/4 days) and chlordane (10 mg/kg/4 days) were investigated in double humanized PXR and CAR (huPXR/huCAR), double knockout PXR and CAR (PXRKO/CARKO), and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J mice. In WT mice, both compounds caused increased liver weight, hepatocellular hypertrophy, and cell proliferation. Both compounds caused alterations to a number of cell cycle genes consistent with induction of cell proliferation in WT mice. However, these gene expression changes did not occur in PXRKO/CARKO or huPXR/huCAR mice. Liver hypertrophy without hyperplasia was demonstrated in the huPXR/huCAR animals in response to both compounds. Induction of the CAR and PXR target genes, Cyp2b10 and Cyp3a11, was observed in both WT and huPXR/huCAR mouse lines following treatment with PB or chlordane. In the PXRKO/CARKO mice, neither liver growth nor induction of Cyp2b10 and Cyp3a11 was seen following PB or chlordane treatment, indicating that these effects are CAR/PXR dependent. These data suggest that the human receptors are able to support the chemically induced hypertrophic responses but not the hyperplastic (cell proliferation) responses. At this time, we cannot be certain that hCAR and hPXR when expressed in the mouse can function exactly as the genes do when they are expressed in human cells. However, all parameters investigated to date suggest that much of their functionality is maintained.


In 18 vertebral bodies with titanium fixation screws and in a phantom model, visualization of the vertebral body marrow was improved and susceptibility artifact was reduced on T1-weighted spin-echo magnetic resonance images when the direction of the frequency-encoding gradient was parallel to the long axis of the screw. A perpendicular direction improved image quality only when the region of interest was adjacent to the tip of the screw. In the phantom, the length of the screw was statistically significantly increased and the width and area were reduced (P <.001) when the gradient was parallel to the long axis of the screw.


The purpose of this research is to identify ethical dilemmas experienced by school administrators and teachers working in public middle schools, the reasons of these ethical dilemmas and the coping strategies used by administrators and teachers. In accordance with this purpose, phenomenological research design was used in this study. Criterion sampling and maximum variation sampling were chosen to determine participantsconsisting of 10 school principals, 10 assistant principals, and 10 teachers. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews prepared by the researcher. Results revealed that school principals, assistant principals, and teachers experience dilemmas in behavioral, structural, political, and systemic aspects. School principals and teachers mainly solve ethical dilemmas completely during the solution process while assistant principals mostly employ partially solving strategies. School principals and teachers commonly use the strategies of establishing a dialogue and receiving opinions in the process of solving ethical dilemmas as well as the strategy of unilateral decision making. Suggestions concerning the prevention and effective management of ethical dilemmas were offered to the Ministry of Education, provincial organizations, school administrators, teachers and researchers.


RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is a complementary approach for Mendelian disease diagnosis for patients in whom exome-sequencing is not informative. For both rare neuromuscular and mitochondrial disorders, its application has improved diagnostic rates. However, the generalizability of this approach to diverse Mendelian diseases has yet to be evaluated. We sequenced whole blood RNA from 56 cases with undiagnosed rare diseases spanning 11 diverse disease categories to evaluate the general application of RNA-seq to Mendelian disease diagnosis. We developed a robust approach to compare rare disease cases to existing large sets of RNA-seq controls (N=1,594 external and N=31 family-based controls) and demonstrated the substantial impacts of gene and variant filtering strategies on disease gene identification when combined with RNA-seq. Across our cohort, we observed that RNA-seq yields a 8.5% diagnostic rate. These diagnoses included diseases where blood would not intuitively reflect evidence of disease. We identified RARS2 as an under-expression outlier containing compound heterozygous pathogenic variants for an individual exhibiting profound global developmental delay, seizures, microcephaly, hypotonia, and progressive scoliosis. We also identified a new splicing junction in KCTD7 for an individual with global developmental delay, loss of milestones, tremors and seizures. Our study provides a broad evaluation of blood RNA-seq for the diagnosis of rare disease.


In "Hurley" (the Boston Parade case), Justice Souter writes for a unanimous Supreme Court to strike down on First Amendment grounds the application of a Massachusetts anti-discrimination law, which protects (inter alia) gays and lesbians, to organizers of the parade. Certain prose oddities, together with the striking form of the opinion, signal Justice Souter's stress in rising to the occasion of permitting private prejudice to win the day on Boston's public thoroughfares. This essay analyzes closely the verbal and structural choices that evoke a distance or space between the adjudicator's detectable sense of justice in the case and his complex mustering of doctrine to parade towards the opposite outcome. Key words: Souter, parade, expression, GLIB, law and literature


Data on the associations between leisure-time physical activity and other health behaviours are conflicting. The National Heart Foundation 1989 Risk Factor Prevalence Survey data were analysed to examine the associations between leisure-time physical activity and other life-style health behaviours in a national representative sample with adjustment for potential confounders. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis using data from 9054 respondents aged 20 to 69 years showed that participation in leisure-time physical activity, even when it was not vigorous, was weakly associated with not smoking, following a special diet and moderate consumption of alcohol; it was inversely associated with obesity. These weak associations could influence health practices at a population level if, as has been hypothesised, the adoption of leisure activity promotes the adoption of other good health practices. Confirmation of earlier findings of cross-sectional associations between activity and other positive health practices justifies future prospective or experimental studies to determine the behavioural response to adoption of leisure-time physical activity.


Passive source localization in the deep ocean using array signal processing techniques is possible using an algorithm similar to matched field processing (MFP) that interrogates a measured frequency-difference autoproduct instead of a measured pressure field [Geroski and Dowling, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 146, 4727-4739 (2019)]. These results are extended herein to a new MFP-style algorithm, phase-only matched autoproduct processing, that is more robust at source-array ranges as large as 225 km. This new algorithm is herein described and compared to three existing approaches. The performance of all four techniques is evaluated using measured ocean propagation data from the PhilSea10 experiment. These data nominally span a 12-month period; include six source-array ranges from 129 to 450 km; and involve signals with center frequencies between 172.5 and 275 Hz, and bandwidths of 60 to 100 Hz. In all cases, weight vectors are calculated assuming a range-independent environment using a single sound-speed profile measured near the receiving array. The frequency-differencing techniques considered here are capable of localizing all six sources, with varying levels of consistency, using single-digit-Hz difference frequencies. At source-array ranges up to and including 225 km, the new algorithm requires fewer signal samples for success and is more robust to the choice of difference frequencies.


Discriminating hadronic molecular and multi‐quark states is a long standing problem in hadronic physics. We propose here to utilize relativistic heavy ion collisions to resolve this problem, as exotic hadron yields are expected to be strongly affected by their structures. Using the coalescence model, we find that the exotic hadron yield relative to the statistical model result is typically an order of magnitude smaller for a compact multi‐quark state, and larger by a factor of two or more for a loosely bound hadronic molecule. We further find that some of the newly proposed heavy exotic states could be produced and realistically measured at RHIC and LHC.


Unlike most Southeast Asian theatres, Vietnam has created a sizeable corpus of scripted spoken dramas that continue to be popular in performance with urban audiences. Initially influenced by French classicism and Ibsenist realism, the Vietnamese spoken drama, kich noi, very quickly adapted to local social realities and survives by readily incorporating topical subjects. While keeping abreast of current social issues, the theatre nonetheless makes use of its multi-cultural heritage, and in any given modern performance one can see the layers of influence – traditional Sino-Vietnamese hat boi/tuong; Vietnamese cheo theatre, Cham dance, French realism, Soviet constructivism and socialist realism, and most recently, western performance art. The Vietnamese playwrights, set designers, directors, and actors have combined aspects of the realistic theatre with the conventions of their suppositional traditional theatre to come up with a hybrid that is uniquely Vietnamese. It is argued that these manifold layers should be regarded as a kind of palimpsest rather than just as pastiche.


Tritiated 3,4-benzpyrene was traced at intervals between 1 hr and 21 days by autoradiography with both light and electron microscopes after topical application to the skin of mice. The sebaceous glands were the most heavily labeled site 1 and 4 hr after application. Electron microscopy showed labeling of a variety of cellular components in both sebaceous and epidermal cells. No one organelle appeared to be exclusively associated with the tracer. Nuclei were labeled in proportion to their cytoplasm, but generally to lesser degrees. The findings are consistent with previous work on the binding of hydrocarbon carcinogens to soluble proteins and DNA. The data also support the hypothesis that the binding of carcinogen is proportional to cellular synthetic activity.


The objective of this study was to assess the factors which constitute risk of transmitting HIV and blood-borne viruses in a male prison. The setting for this study is Quthing district prison, Lesotho. It is a descriptive study that utilized semi-structured questionnaire administered in a face-to-face interview with participants. Collated data were analysed with the aid of SPSS computer software programme. One hundred and thirty eight prison inmates were to be interviewed but only 123 inmates were successfully interviewed. Forty-two percent of the respondents had tattoo marks but just 2/3 of them had their tattoo marks done in the prison. Sixty-five percent of the inmates interviewed shared sharp instruments such as shaving blades in the prison. Thirteen percent of the inmates used condom regularly before admitted into the prison and 68% had more than one sexual partner within the period of 4 weeks before they were imprisoned. Four percent of the inmates had practiced unprotected anal sex in the prison and 2.5% had used intravenous illicit drug. In conclusion this study showed that unprotected anal sex, tattooing and use of unsterilized sharp instruments are common practices among the prisoners while intravenous drug was uncommon.


When Rachel Henning came to Australia in 1854, the displacement she felt profoundly affected her sense of self. One of the indicators of that displacement, and one of its causes, was the apparent failure of the Australian landscape to provide her with the sense of security her home English landscape had given her. I wish to go further than this and to suggest that the removal of her accustomed physical setting and its attendant activities actually challenged a core part of her identity.


Piezoelectric materials are used for various sensor and actuator purposes. Especially in power acoustic applications piezoceramics are loaded with electrical DC voltage or mechanical pre-load, in addition to the excitation signal. Due to the lack of knowledge of material parameters for piezoceramics, particularly in this operating mode, the design of a power transducer is demanding and often strongly empirically driven. A simulation-supported design process requires that a non-linear model for the piezoelectric material behaviour is known. A first step towards this material model is the description of linear approximated material properties in different operating points. To shift this operating point a DC bias voltage is applied to various piezoelectric discs and the frequency dependent impedance is determined. The results indicate a shift of all characteristic resonance frequencies as well as changes of piezoelectric parameters directly dependent on the applied bias voltages.


The lowest-order interelectron interaction corrections to the hyperfine structure intervals for the 2p3/2 state in Li-like, B-like and N-like 20983Bi ions are calculated. The contributions of the magnetic dipole, electric quadrupole and magnetic octupole moments are included. The 'dynamical' model of hyperfine interaction is employed, where the electron is assumed to interact with the valence proton in the 20983Bi nucleus via the exchange of a virtual photon. Within this model the magnetic and electric moment distributions inside the nucleus are taken into account simultaneously.


A questionnaire-based survey of fishermen was conducted in the Valencia region (eastern Spain) to assess the levels of marine turtle bycatch. Interviews covered 41.3% of the bottom trawling fleet in the region and included 111 fishermen (one per boat). Results were combined with those from previous studies conducted in neighbouring regions using the same methodology to assess the global impact of bottom trawling on the western Mediterranean stock of the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta).
Estimated turtle catch per unit effort (CPUE) is 0.09 turtles per vessel per month, according to the information reported by fishermen. As a consequence, the whole fleet of bottom trawlers operating off the Valencia region was involved annually in 238 turtle bycatch events (95%, CI: 173–304).
Ivlev's electivity index revealed that bottom trawling bycatch was higher than expected according to fishing effort in the northern part of the study area, where the continental shelf widens.
The fishermen's perception was that the local stock of loggerhead turtles is declining, and that drifting longlines and bottom trawling are, at least in part, responsible for this trend.
According to previous studies as well as the current results, bottom trawlers operating off mainland Spain capture mainly loggerhead turtles from the rookeries in the eastern Mediterranean, with only a low percentage of turtles of Atlantic origin.
Loggerhead turtle bycatch by bottom trawling deserves more attention in the Valencia region, particularly in its northern part. Conservation measures in the area are discussed.

Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Action recognition in uncontrolled video is an important and challenging computer vision problem. Recent progress in this area is due to new local features and models that capture spatio-temporal structure between local features, or human-object interactions. Instead of working towards more complex models, we focus on the low-level features and their encoding. We evaluate the use of Fisher vectors as an alternative to bag-of-word histograms to aggregate a small set of state-of-the-art low-level descriptors, in combination with linear classifiers. We present a large and varied set of evaluations, considering (i) classification of short actions in five datasets, (ii) localization of such actions in feature-length movies, and (iii) large-scale recognition of complex events. We find that for basic action recognition and localization MBH features alone are enough for state-of-the-art performance. For complex events we find that SIFT and MFCC features provide complementary cues. On all three problems we obtain state-of-the-art results, while using fewer features and less complex models.


Introduction Rivaroxaban, apixaban and dabigatran compile the novel oral anticoagulants (NOAC). Since 2012, NOACs are used as first line treatment for atrial fibrillation, pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis at Russells Hall Hospital (RHH). The trial data regarding the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding has been conflicting, although a meta-analysis found an increased risk of GI bleeding with NOACs as opposed to warfarin (2.3% vs. 1.3%).1However, little is known about its incidence in the real world setting. We aimed to demonstrate the incidence of GI bleeding, endoscopic findings, time of onset of bleeding and the need for intervention in patients taking NOACs. Method We performed a retrospective review of all patients at RHH who received NOACs. These patients were identified from the anticoagulation database and cross-referenced with the GI database and patient notes. Basic demographic, clinical and laboratory data and endoscopic findings were collated. Results A total of 2487 patients were identified to be on NOACs of which 61 were found to have an episode of GI bleeding, giving an incidence rate of 2.45%. 54 of 2334 patients were on rivaroxaban, 3 of 77 on apixaban and 4 of 76 on dabigatran with an incidence of GI bleeding of 2.3%, 3.9% and 5.3% respectively. There was a greater incidence found with females than males (55% vs. 45%) with the median age 80 years (range 53–95). The 30-day mortality rate was 11.5% (n = 11). The cause of death were not directly due to GI bleeding. Of these 61 patients, 30 (49.2%) had an upper GI bleed (UGIB) and 31 (50.8%) had a lower GI bleed (LGIB). The median time from starting NOAC to having a GI bleed was 6.7 months (range 2 days-19.7 months). Endoscopy results were varied with the most common findings being haemorrhoids (15.7%), diverticular disease (14.6%), normal findings (12.4%), gastritis (7.9%) and peptic ulcer disease (7.9%). 7 patients (11.5%) required endoscopic intervention and 21 patients (34.4%) required the use of blood products. Although 12.9% of patients with LGIB required endoscopic intervention versus 10% of UGIB, patients with UGIB were more likely to be inpatients (97% vs. 35%), with a greater drop in haemoglobin (median Hb: 87 g/L versus 105 g/L) and the increased use of blood products (53% vs. 16%). Conclusion The risk of GI bleeding with NOACs is greater than warfarin, with rivaroxaban being the safest of the three drugs in our cohort and is similar to the published data. Further studies are required to confirm these findings. Disclosure of interest None Declared. Reference Capodanno D, Capranzano P, Giacchi G, Calvi V, Tamburino C. Novel oral anticoagulants versus warfarin in non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of 50,578 patients. Int J Cardiol. 2013;167(4):1237–41


At the centre of entrepreneurship research we need to find out how cross-boundary sensemaking and knowledge creation may occur. This paper builds upon the literature of organizational learning and knowledge management to simulate the process. Experiments with the simulator help to further our understandings on how knowledge co-creation may happen and lead to social changes such as successful innovations and the emergence of new industries.