The precipitation of carbide particles and high temperature strength in a Fe3Al base alloy with C, Cr and Mo were investigated. The -Fe3AlC (E21) and M2C (B81) phases precipitated in the temperature range between 1000 °C and 600 °C in periods up to 10 h. The -Fe3AlC phase tended to precipitate in a film-like morphology on grain boundaries by annealing at relatively high temperatures. The M2C phase was dispersed in a fine needle shape within grains by annealing at 700 °C. The film-like  precipitates covering grain boundaries as well as finely dispersed M2C particles was suggested to contribute to strengthening at 600 °C.


0 0 1 129 791 Anders Raastrup Kristensen 6 1 919 14.0 Normal 0 21 false false false DA JA X-NONE There are two purposes of this paper. First, to show how Douglas McGregor's conceptualization of commitment as a question of integrating personal goals with organizational purpose is part of founding the modern understanding of corporate community representation. Second, show how the French philosopher Gilles Deleuze's concepts of fold, desire and interests can come into use to understand this modern form of corporate representation. In our reading of McGregor we suggest that one fruitful way of understanding this integration of individual subjectivity with organizational purpose is the Deleuzian concepts of a folding. Employees are to enfold the corporate world in their subjectivity and unfold this world in their expressions of belongingness to the corporation. We demonstrate how this conceptualization of the fold can be found in the work of McGregor, and especially in his work on performance appraisal.


This paper reviews the recent research and development of novel visible-light induced photocatalysts with nanostructures. In recent years, Ag3PO4-based and BiVO4-based nanomaterials have drawn wide attention due to their narrow band gap and excellent photocatalytic performance. The development of the new material covers the synthesis condition, unique morphology, further modification which focused on the Ag3PO4 and BiVO4, respectively. Meanwhile, titanium dioxide has already become one of the classical photocatalyst. However, the band gap of TiO2 (3.2 eV) limits its efficient utilization of solar energy, two categories novel modification methods of TiO2 are proposed to make them active under visible light illumination. Using polymers and dye to modify TiO2 is a wonderful approach to achieve excellent electronic and optical properties mainly in aspect of photocatalytic application. Therefore, the paper summarizes novel nanosized photocatalysts with visible-light response including Ag3PO4-based, BiVO4-based and TiO2-based materials, and suggests the further research prospect for the visible-light induced photocatalysts.


We discuss the performance of an atomic force microscope ~AFM! operated in the amplitude modulation mode under a self-excitation signal, known as quality factor control ( Q control!. By using the point-mass description of the AFM, we provide a complete description of Q control in tapping mode AFM. The theoretical simulations show three major results: ~i! he steady-state motion of the system contains contributions from homogeneous and particular components, ~ii ! the active response of the microcantilever can be increased or decreased depending on the phase shift of the self-excitation with respect to the instantaneous deflexion, and ~iii ! in general,Q enhancement reduces the maximum force exerted for the tip on the sample surface. © 2003 American Institute of Physics. @DOI: 10.1063/1.1584790 #


One new type piezoeletric microactuator was designed in this paper, in order to improve the output characteristic of microactuator mechanism, piezoeletric analysis was performed and the optimization model was built with wb and α as design variables, the maximal output horizontal-plane displacement and the minimum vertical-plane displacement as objective. The final optimize result shows that the output horizontal-plane displacement of microactuator raises twice from 0.3μm to 0.6μm, meanwhile, the output vertical-displacement decreases from 0.093μm to 0.075μm by approximately 21 percent, the horizontal output characteristic has a remarkable improvement, so the optimal result can provide validity theoritical guidance for coming design strategy.


The curriculum was adopted and applied research using behavioral entrance through research variables, such as Jop burnout independent variable psychological dimensions (exhaustion, Lack of Humanity and personal achievement) and changing of the coherence of the workgroup (membership of the group, the dimensions and impact, positive Team Spirit) was linked to a major assumption that there is a statistically significant correlation between the independent variable combustion career, they have been rightly. Adoption of the questionnaire to collect data from the respondents through a form of (18) words by (9) The Words Each variable and three words each. Distributed to a sample of (40) a factor in a laboratory of the Diwaniya Tires laboratory through the heads of departments and directors of divisions and the adoption of the (37) valid form of analysis through the use of ready-made statistical package (SPSS) through the following tools: (the median, standard deviation, correlation coefficient Pearson) . The most prominent conclusion reached by research (employees feel psychological exhaustion which leads to an attempt Drop out of work or the duties assigned to them because of the high rate of Jop Burnout), while the most important recommendation is to research periodically these variables to their impact on the performance of the personnel working in the laboratory of the queried).


Immuno-oncology is a rapidly developing field in medicine. Drug combination therapies have already been studied in many clinical trials of different types of tumours. In recent years, a checkpoint inhibition therapy with monoclonal antibodies that target cytological T-lymphocytes has been developed. Thus, inhibition of two regulator genes CTLA 4 and PD1 or PD-L1 ligand to it is able to restore mediated T-cell tumour regression in its many localizations. The article considers a number of key fields of immunology and immunotherapy through a specific example of breast cancer (BC): the role of T-lymphocytes, vaccines, biomarkers of immunotherapy. The treatment used by the authors was based on an innovative technology of autologous dendritic cell-based vaccine based on highly immunogenic cancer/testis antigens (CTA) for immunotherapy of malignant tumours. The technology of specific CTA+-activated autologous dendritic cells (DC)-based immunotherapy was chosen as an innovative solution for the treatment of breast cancer patients. The treatment results showed that a clinically significant anti-tumour effect was achieved in 73.7% of patients. Median disease-free survival was 8.3 months (95% Cl 6.5-9.9 months), no grade 3-4 complications were recorded, grade 1-2 complications were observed in 57% of patients. The immunological effect in laboratory tests was recorded in 92% of patients. Thus, autologous DCs loaded with cancer/testis antigens can be considered as palliative dendritic vaccine therapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer who have exhausted standard treatment options. Also, the authors presented the results of immunological studies of the prognostic and predictive significance of the immunological response from the perspective of pathomorphology and general immunology, including tumour-infiltrating T-lymphocytes (TILs, CD3, CD4, CD8), their quantitative ratio and correlation with regulatory genes (PD-1, PD- L1, FOX-P3). The results of overall analysis comprising data of 2,148 patients from 9 centers confirmed the strong prognostic role of stromal tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) in early triple-negative breast cancer.


The existence of mass substructure is an inevitable consequence of the LCDM paradigm. Depite this clear theoretical prediction, a glaring discrepancy with the number of luminous satellites around the Milky Way {MW} has been identified, i.e. the "missing satellite problem". Notwithstanding great progress to address this problem, it remains unsolved. Moreover, the MW could be a biased environment, not representative of the typical universe. Surface brightness aberrations of gravitationally lensed images provide a complementary channel to detect substructure beyond the local Universe in mostly massive early-type galaxies. Simulations suggest a substructure mass fraction of f_sub99% CL. We request 30 orbits with HST WFC3-F390W to accomplish this goal.


Recent Australian interest in the integration of early childhood services is largely informed by international research and policy developments, particularly from the United Kingdom. Service integration is widely recognised as an effective means of holistically meeting the needs of children and families and ameliorating disadvantage. What is less well known is that Australia has a history of integrated early childhood services. This paper focuses on three points in 20th century Australia when advocacy for integrated early childhood service provision was evident: post‑World War I when the first Mother and Baby Welfare Clinic was established; during the late 1930s to mid 1940s with the advent of the Lady Gowrie Centres; and in the 1970s when several reports recommended the integration and co‑ordination of early years services. Attending to this history acknowledges this innovative Australian work, and provides potentially valuable, and somewhat cautionary, lessons for contemporary advocacy for integrated early childhood services.


A uniform asymptotic approximation is developed in the limit of small substrate thickness for the Green's functions used in microstrip-type problems. The author develops an approximation which is uniformly valid for all distances from the source in the limit where the substrate region is thin, which is typically the case of interest for microstrip problems. The approximation is valid for a single-layer substrate. The expansions agree with previously published near and far-field results. The approximation is compared with numerical evaluations of the exact integral solution available for the problem. >


Mitochondria are double‐membrane‐bound organelles involved mainly in supplying cellular energy, but also play roles in signaling, cell differentiation, and cell death. Mitochondria are implicated in carcinogenesis, and therefore dozens of lethal signal transduction pathways converge on these organelles. Accordingly, mitochondria provide an alternative target for cancer management. In this study, F16, a drug that targets mitochondria, and chlorambucil (CBL), which is indicated for the treatment of selected human neoplastic diseases, were covalently linked, resulting in the synthesis of a multi‐mitochondrial anticancer agent, FCBL. FCBL can associate with human serum albumin (HSA) to form an HSA–FCBL nanodrug, which selectively recognizes cancer cells, but not normal cells. Systematic investigations show that FCBL partially accumulates in cancer cell mitochondria to depolarize mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), increase reactive oxygen species (ROS), and attack mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). With this synergistic effect on multiple mitochondrial components, the nanodrug can effectively kill cancer cells and overcome multiple drug resistance. Furthermore, based on its therapeutic window, HSA–FCBL exhibits clinically significant differential cytotoxicity between normal and malignant cells. Finally, while drug dosage and drug resistance typically limit first‐line mono‐chemotherapy, HSA–FCBL, with its ability to compromise mitochondrial membrane integrity and damage mtDNA, is expected to overcome those limitations to become an ideal candidate for the treatment of neoplastic disease.


In connection with a study of various aspects of the modifiability of behavior in the dancing mouse a need for definite knowledge concerning the relation of strength of stimulus to rate of learning arose. It was for the purpose of obtaining this knowledge that we planned and executed the experiments which are now to be described. Our work was greatly facilitated by the advice and assistance of Doctor E. G. MARTIN, Professor G. W. PIERCE, and Professor A. E. KENNELLY, and we desire to express here both our indebtedness and our thanks for their generous services.


Abstract Haemophilia impacts on the person who has it as well as his close family and friends. The majority of healthcare provider focus is with the person with haemophilia and his carers during childhood, and then on the person himself as he becomes able to self-manage. There is a belief that the family and healthcare team support the patient equally. In this study, which was designed to understand the patient/ carer/healthcare provider relationship, we investigated support mechanisms from the patient's perspective, using narrative stories from those we call 'witnesses'. Carers, family and friends rarely feature in haemophilia research, yet can provide in-depth insight into the life of the person with haemophilia. Three key areas were identified which underlie and cause tension in the world of haemophilia. These are described as 'identity and tackling the lion', 'the haemophilia team' and 'the unique perspective and influence of the 'outside-in'. Support from the 'outside-in' as well as healthcare providers is important for people with haemophilia for both physical and psychological health. Working together we can better support individuals with haemophilia as well as other members of their extended families. As haemophilia care changes in a new era of therapeutic options; we need to re-evaluate the supportive role of family and carers to ensure that the patient and family voice is heard in decision-making at an individual and national level.


The development and availability of improved vaccines, particularly the pneumococcal (PCV) and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines have substantially reduced the incidence of childhood pneumonia and severe pneumonia associated with these pathogens over the last decade.1 However, despite a declining pneumonia incidence and high rates of immunisation, pneumonia remains the leading cause of childhood mortality globally and a major cause of hospitalisation.2

Defining the aetiology of pneumonia has become crucial to develop appropriate management strategies, and guide development of new vaccines. Further, the development of better methods for specimen collection and of molecular diagnostics has provided more sensitive techniques to define potential aetiological agents.3 However, assigning aetiology may be challenging as it can be difficult to distinguish colonising from pathogenic organisms in respiratory specimens, blood culture rarely is positive and pneumonia, especially severe disease, may frequently be due to multiple copathogens.

In this issue of Thorax , Rhedin and colleagues report the association of viral pathogens and radiological pneumonia in Swedish children (median age 21 months) using a matched case–control study conducted over three winter seasons.4 PCV immunisation was well established before the study began. Healthy control children were randomly selected during routine visits; aetiological diagnosis was investigated using a quantitative PCR assay for 15 viruses performed on nasopharyngeal aspirates. There are several notable findings. First, viruses were detected in >80% of cases and in approximately 60% of controls. Second, in multivariate analysis, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (adjusted OR (aOR) 21.3), influenza virus (aOR 13.8) or human metapneumovirus (hMPV) (aOR 14.9) were most strongly associated with pneumonia, with RSV being most commonly detected. …


Orthopyroxenes and clinopyroxenes in metabasites in contact with the massif-type Ana-Sira anorthosite yield the following equilibrium temperatures using various geothermometers: 840°C (Wells 1977); 8000 C (Wood & Banna 1973), 650"C (Lindsley & Andersen 1983). Gamet-cordierite-plagioclase-sillimanite quartz assemblages in neighbouring metapelites give values around 600°C and 3 ± 0.5 kb by means of several geothermobarometers. Armoured relics of symplectitic quartz + spinel in gamet suggest that equilibrium was attained during decreasing temperature. Fayalite + quartz and Ca-poor + Ca-rich clinopyroxene assemblages in charnockitic rocks of late tectonic intrusions yield 800-850"C (Lindsley & Andersen 1983) and 6-7.5 kb for the upper part of the Bjerkreim-Sokndal lopolith and a minimum pressure of 5-5.5 kb for the Hidra massif (Boblen & Boettcher 1981). When interpreted in terms of the regional geological evolution, the conditions measured reflect two successive stages of a PT path characterizing the post-magmatic evolution. It is inferred that the emplacement of the Rogaland massif type anorthosites took place at greater depths than these massifs, i.e. not less than 22-28 km near the Bjerkreim-Sokndal massif and not less than 18-20 km near the Hidra body.


The present study examined the effect of preceding activities upon the attending behavior of preschool children while listening toa story in a large group situation. Attending in the group subseguent to active play was compared with attending in the group subseguent to a quiet activity. The four subjects of this research ranged in age from 3 to 4 years and were a representative sample of the entire groups's attending behavior. The active play period took place outside where the children had access to playground equipment. Quiet indoor activities consisted of performing conceptual tasks, looking at books, or playing a game at a table. Observatiop of the childzen's attending behavior took place during large group. The observer lazed a 15-second scanning procedure and recorded whether the subjects were attending while a story was beii read or a movie shown. Attending was defined according to bodily position directed toward the designated stimuli; silence; response to teacher instructions; display of disruptive behavior,,and closeness to the group. Results indicated that the children were less attentive in large group when a guiet activity preceded it than when an active activity preceded it. This study points up the fact that behavior can be altered by scheduling a preceding activity which will reduce the __occasion for inappropriate behavior. (Author/MS) *****4***************************************************************** Documents acquired by ERIc include many informal unpublished * raLterials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is not * responsible for the quality if the original documsnt. Reproductions * * supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. *********************************************************************** U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION THIS '00CUMENT HAS SEEN REPROOUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVEO FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN. ATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED 00 NOT NECESSARIly REPRESENT OFF ICIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY THE EFFECTS OF ACTIVE AND QUIET ACTIVITIES UPON SUBSEQUENT ATTENDING OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN Joyce Hawn, ilma Holt, and Margaret Holmberg Department of Human Development The University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas 66044 "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS* COPY. RIGHTED MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO ERIC AND ORGANIZATIONS OPERATING UNDER AGREEMENTS WITH THE NATIONAL IN STITUTE OF EDUCATION FURTHER REPRO DUCTION OUTSIDE THE ERIC SYSTEM RE QUIRES PERMISSION OF THE COPYRIGHT OWNER** Reproduction or quotation of any portion of this paper must be with the approval of the authors. This paper was presented at the Biennial Meeting of The Society for Research in Child Development, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, March 29, 1973.


Laser-induced hydrogen plasma in the density and temperature range of (0.1-5)×10^{23}m^{-3} and (6000-20000)K, respectively, was precisely diagnosed using two-color Thomson scattering technique, inferring the electron number density, electron temperature as well as ion temperature. Simultaneously, spectra of the Balmer series of spectral lines from H-β to H-ζ were measured and plasma emission coefficient calculated within the quasicontiguous frequency-fluctuation model. The theoretical spectra are found to be in good agreement with experimental ones, including higher-density data where discrete lines were observed to merge forming a continuum.


This paper describes a prototype of a levitation type PM (permanent magnet) motor with a millimeter-sized cylindrical rotor. The PM motor consists of a rotor (/spl phi/ 2.0 mm/spl times/10 mm), a pair of electromagnets, a pair of photodiodes, and an analog PD controller. The rotor successfully rotates levitating in the center of electromagnets. In this paper, driving characteristics such as rotation speed, acceleration characteristics, and magnetic friction of the rotor are discussed. It is shown that the levitation-type PM motor is very promising.


abstract:This essay asserts freedom as the essence of the prophetic Black Christian tradition that propelled the 1968 Memphis Sanitation Strikes, and largely guided the moral compass of the late-twentieth-century Civil Rights Movement. Sexism, however, is a moral paradox that emerges at the interstices of the prophetic Black Church's institutional espousal of freedom and its consistently conflicting practices of gender discrimination that bind Black women to politics of silence and invisibility. An exploration of the iconic "I AM a Man" placards worn by strikers during Martin Luther King Jr.'s final campaign in Memphis alongside a contemporary icon of the Black Lives Matter movement illumines how black women continue to be challenged by intracommunal invisibility, even as they are consistently the progenitors, mobilizers, sustainers, and intellectual architects of Black movements for social change.


This study aims to determine the effect of inflation and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the Certificate of Bank Indonesia Sharia (SBIS). This study uses secondary data obtained from the website of Bank Indonesia publications and Statistics Indonesia. This study was conducted nationally, namely Indonesia in the first quarter of 2009 until the fourth quarter of 2012. This study used a multiple linear regression analysis using the computer program SPSS version 16.0. This study consisted of two independent variables (inflation and GDP) and one dependent variable (Bank Indonesia Sharia Certificate). The results obtained are inflation and GDP together (simultaneous) effect on Bank Indonesia Sharia Certificate with a significance level of 5%. Partially Inflation has a significant positive effect on the Certificates of Bank Indonesia Sharia, while the GDP variable is partially significant negative effect on Bank Indonesia Sharia Certificate. Variation factors that affect the Bank Indonesia Sharia Certificate explained by inflation and GDP are jointly influenced by 75.4% (R2 = 0.754) while the remaining 24.6% is explained by other variables not included in the study. Of the two variables (inflation and GDP) GDP variables that significantly influence the Bank Indonesia Sharia Certificate, ie with t -5.398 and a significance value of 0.000. Keywords: Inflation, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and Certificate of Bank Indonesia Sharia (SBIS).


Measuring ego-centered networks is an especially time-expensive endeavor. However, to be included in multi-thematic surveys, parsimony is needed instead of following a maximizing strategy. Therefore, one pressing questions is, whether and which type of parsimonious data collection produces what losses of information. We address these questions by comparing three different, but closely related operationalizations of ego-centered networks in three different surveys: the German Socio-Economic Panel Study as a multi-thematic large-scale survey, IDUN as a small study designed as a single-purpose instrument to measure egocentered networks in great detail, and the "Minipanel" as something in between these two. Different setup parameters are the number and type of name generators and descriptors of alteri and a numerical limitation of naming ties. We look specifically whether there are effects on the size of the networks, the composition of networks, and the sociostructural differences with regard to availability of positive aspects of social networks, especially different types of social support. Additionally, we examine the differences between effects of network variables on perceived satisfaction in the surveys. Among others, and above the highly expectable differences in network size, we find an effect of different operationalizations on the network composition. Compared to IDUN, GSOEP produces a considerable overestimation of family ties and a considerable underestimation of relations stemming from school, vocational training and leisure time. We show that specific strategies of parsimony not only lead to losses of information and distortions of network characteristics but can lead in addition to different conclusions about the availability of social capital.


Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA

Melanoma remains a leading cause of death from skin diseases due to its propensity to metastasis, and is increasing rapidly in children. Although, melanoma is less common than other types of skin cancers, however, it causes the majority (75%) of skin cancer-related deaths. The average survival of patients with advanced stage of melanoma is less than a year because no effective strategies are available for metastatic melanoma. Since melanoma is a highly malignant cancer, an approach that can inhibit its growth and progression may facilitate the development of an effective strategy for its treatment or prevention. As green tea polyphenols (GTPs) have been shown to have anti-skin carcinogenic effects, we have examined the chemotherapeutic effect of GTPs on the growth of different melanoma cell lines and the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects using an in vitro model. Treatment of melanoma cells (A375 and Hs294t) with GTPs (0, 20, 40 and 60 µg/ml) for 24 and 48 h significantly inhibited histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, reduced the levels of class 1 HDAC proteins (HDAC 1, 2, 3 and 8) and enhanced histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity in a dose-dependent manner. These effects of GTPs on melanoma cells were associated with DNA damage, which was evident by Comet assay, and significant reduction in the viability of melanoma cells and induction of cell death. Concomitant treatment of melanoma cells with a proteasome inhibitor, MG132, prevented GTPs-induced degradation of class I HDACs, suggesting that GTPs reduced the levels of HDAC proteins in melanoma cells through proteasomal degradation. Valproic acid, an inhibitor of HDACs, exhibited a similar pattern of reduced viability and induction of death of melanoma cells (A375 and Hs294t). Treatment of A375 and Hs294t cells with GTPs resulted in an alteration of cell cycle regulatory proteins of G0/G1 phase, and that is a decrease in the levels of cyclin D1, D2 and E, and cyclin dependent kinases, CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6 in a dose-dependent manner. Simultaneously, it was also observed that the levels of p21 and p53 proteins were also increased in the cells after the treatment with GTPs, which may have a role in G0/G1 phase arrest and DNA damage. Together, our study provides new insights into the role of class I HDACs in the chemotherapeutic effects of green tea polyphenols on melanoma cells.

Citation Format: Ram Prasad, Santosh K. Katiyar. Green tea polyphenols inhibit the growth and induce death of melanoma cells by initiating DNA damage and inhibition of class I histone deacetylases. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1242. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1242


Guided by a family stress perspective, we examined the hypothesis that discussing money would be associated with the handling of marital conflict in the home. Analyses were based on dyadic hierarchical linear modeling of 100 husbands' and 100 wives' diary reports of 748 conflict instances. Contrary to findings from previous laboratory-based surveys, spouses did not rate money as the most frequent source of marital conflict in the home. However, compared to non-money issues, marital conflicts about money were more pervasive, problematic, and recurrent, and remained unresolved, despite including more attempts at problem solving. Implications for professionals who assist couples in managing their relationships and family finances are discussed.


Summary
Participants of the Deleuze Studies conference were not prepared for Sarah Mann-O'Donnell's presentation. She climbed onto the desk, crushed red plums, separated them into pits and peels, ate the pulp, and then vomited it onto the table through a pipe. Her actions were interspersed with stuttering and strange little stories. She was creating an enclave that generated sensual sense, affect, bringing to life a particular short-lived cosmology. Naturally, her world entertains tight connections with Deleuzian thought, in particular with Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari's Body without Organs, and Deleuze's remarks on Lewis Carroll's Alice in The Logic of Sense. But the consequence of presenting philosophical ideas in such a way reaches beyond philosophical debate: when ideas are brought to life—given an actual, performative social life—they acquire their own mobility and generate fresh, new spillovers, breaching borders, leading elsewhere. They do not represent, but engender something new in the world, they do, thus coming close to a performance of ritual. Connecting her outer self with her interiority, Sarah can summon brute and creative forces embedded within the body through practice in its own right.


AbstractTo investigate the patterns of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) expression after arrhythmia, BNP was assessed at different time points (0 minute, 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 3 hours, and 6 hours) in CaCl2-induced arrhythmia in rats through various methods such as immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunohistochemistry results showed that the expression of BNP in the endocardium was higher than that in the epicardium in rats undergoing sustained arrhythmias. The BNP-to-GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) ratios determined by Western blotting analysis revealed no change at 0 minute but increased at 10 minutes and reached the first peak (0.48 [0.03]) at 30 minutes. After a brief decline, the second peak was observed at 6 hours (0.54 [0.03]). Similar patterns of BNP messenger RNA expression were also observed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The plasma BNP concentrations did not change after initial bouts of cardiac arrhythmias but significantly increased 30 minutes after CaCl2 injections. The results demonstrate that arrhythmia causes an elevation of BNP in the myocardium and blood, and BNP messenger RNA increases in initial arrhythmia while its protein in myocardium and plasma does not; however, both of them were elevated after sustained arrhythmia. Such an elevated BNP expression, which is directly related to the severity and duration of the arrhythmias, may suggest the existence of fatal arrhythmia in sudden cardiac death.


The management of Japanese domestic fisheries for small cetaceans has been based on a traditional approach that involves only the best set of assumptions and data. However, uncertainty, which is pervasive and inevitable for most fisheries resources, often leads the traditional approach to serious failure. Here is presented the basic framework of a simulation-based approach with a simple Bayesian method that is applicable to Japanese fisheries for small cetaceans. For illustration, the simulation model was applied to Dall's porpoise data in order to investigate the robustness of several management procedures against uncertainty. The simulation showed that the current management procedure, based on only the best values, could fail to manage the stocks at a considerably high probability. However, the use of the conservative management procedure, potential biological removal, permits the sustainable harvesting of Dall's porpoise for at least 100 years into the future, even under uncertainty. In conjunction with a firm structure for implementation of management procedures, the spread of simulation-based approaches will quickly enable successful sustainable management of small cetaceans.


Latent topic models have been successfully applied as an unsupervised topic discovery technique in large document collections. With the proliferation of hypertext document collection such as the Internet, there has also been great interest in extending these approaches to hypertext [6, 9]. These approaches typically model links in an analogous fashion to how they model words - the document-link co-occurrence matrix is modeled in the same way that the document-word co-occurrence matrix is modeled in standard topic models. In this paper we present a probabilistic generative model for hypertext document collections that explicitly models the generation of links. Specifically, links from a word w to a document d depend directly on how frequent the topic of w is in d, in addition to the in-degree of d. We show how to perform EM learning on this model efficiently. By not modeling links as analogous to words, we end up using far fewer free parameters and obtain better link prediction results.


The strength distribution of reaction-bonded silicon carbide tubes that failed by internal pressurization was predicted from strength distributions obtained from simple laboratory test specimens at room temperature. The strength distributions of flexure bars, C-rings tested in tension, C-rings tested in compression, diametrally compressed O-rings, and internally pressurized short tubes were compared with the strength distribution of internally pressurized long tubes. The methodology involved application of Weibull statistics using elasticity theory to define the stress distributions in the simple specimens. The flexural specimens did not yield acceptable results, since they were ground before testing, thereby altering their flaw population in comparison with the processing-induced flaw populations of the tubular specimens. However, the short tube internal pressure test, the C-ring tested in tension, and the diametrally compressed O-ring test configurations yielded accurate strength predictions of full-scale tubular components, since these specimens more accurately represent the strength-limiting flaw population in the long tubes.


Sr0.35CoO2 and Ca0.38CoO2 single crystals have been successfully prepared by a low-temperature ion exchange of layered NaxCoO2 precursors. Both samples are isostructural to NaxCoO2 with the layered triangular structure. Low-temperature susceptibility, specific heat, and resistivity are measured. For both samples, the magnetic susceptibility shows a Curie-Weiss behavior at high temperatures and exhibits a broad peak at low temperatures, characteristic of two-dimensional antiferromagnetic fluctuations. For Sr0.35CoO2 crystal, the resistivity is metallic in the whole temperature range and the specific heat below 10 K can be well described by a sum of the electronic and lattice contributions. In the case of Ca0.38CoO2 crystal, the resistivity exhibits a metallic behavior above 25 K, while a transition from metal to insulator for rho(c) below 25 K is observed. The low-temperature specific heat for Ca0.38CoO2 crystal can be well fitted by a sum of the electronic, lattice, and exponential contributions. A gap feature in electronic excitation spectra is observed, and this opening of the gap may account for the metal to insulator transition in resistivity measurement.


The debate about death penalty, is still attracted attention of people. At least, there are, two mainstream firstly those who agrees and secondly who refuses the death penalty being imposed. For those who agrees reasoned that severe violations of the right to life, should be punished by death so that could provide a deterrent effect, while those who refuses argued that the death penalty is a denial of human rights, especially right to life. The essence of the death penalty is not a violation of the law, because the implementation the death penalty actually enforced in order to protect human rights itself. In the view of Islamic law, death penalty, can be done on four cases, namely that of adultery, killing intentionally, Hirabah and apostasy. Furthermore, the death penalty should be carried out in accordance with maqāṣid al-sharī'ah and justice. In maqāṣid al-sharī'ah perspective, the purpose of death penalty should refer to maintain religion (ḥifẓ al-dīn), maintain body or maintain the survival (ḥifẓ al-nafs), mind (ḥifẓ al-'aql), descent (ḥifẓ alnasl), and maintaining property (ḥifẓ al-māl). While in the perspective of justice, State, on behalf of the law must protect its citizens from legal events that harm society.


Indentation as a means to extract creep properties has the advantage that it can be applied directly to micro/nano-structures. Many studies on indentation creep reported at least partially poor agreement with creep parameters derived from uniaxial test. One important reason for the incompatibility is the neglect of transient creep. Another one is the choice of equivalent stress and strain measures to relate the different material responses. Applying a material model that accounts for transient creep effects we propose an efficient method for deriving creep properties from short-time spherical indentation tests. We first determine a subsurface point where the material response is very close to that observed in uniaxial tests. We then map the load–displacement data to the material response, expressed in terms of two dimensionless variables, at this point. Converting the dimensionless variables data to stress, strain, and strain rate data, we finally determine the material's creep coefficient and exponent.


To achieve alignment between business and IT has become a daunting task for organizations due to rapid changes in business environment and lack of IT support. Organizations usually strive to bridge the gap by implementing business and IT strategies (i.e. top-down planning) and tend to ignore other aspects of the co-evolution. The co-evolution between business and IT is not restricted to a level but it occurs at all levels and therefore, it is necessary to understand and study co-evolution at all levels within organizations. This book presents a co-evolutionary framework that helps to study and understand the co-evolution at three levels i.e. strategic level, operational level and individual level in an integrated fashion. The three levels need to co-evolve so that all components at each level co-evolve. This framework will speed up the alignment in organizations. A K-mediator (i.e. knowledge mediator) has been used in the proposed co-evolutionary framework that facilitates the co-evolution at each level. Finally the book presents a case study in financial domain in order to evaluate and validated the framework.


The popular uprisings in 2011 that overthrew Arab dictators were also a rebuke to crony capitalism, targeted against both rulers and their allied businessmen who had monopolized profitable economic opportunities. While the Middle East has witnessed a growing nexus between business and politics in the wake of economic liberalization, little is known about the nature of business cronies, the sectors in which they operate, the mechanisms used to favor them, and the possible impact of such crony relations on the region's development. Combining inputs from leading scholars in the field, this volume presents a wealth of empirical evidence on the form and function of crony capitalism in the Middle East. The volume is unique in both its empirical focus and comparative scale. Analysis in individual chapters is empirically grounded, based on fine-grained data on the business activities of politically connected actors—furnishing, for the first time, information on the presence, numerical strength, and activities of politically connected entrepreneurs. This volume also substantially enhances our understanding of the mechanisms used to privilege connected businesses, and their possible impact on undermining growth and job creation of firms in the Middle East. It offers a major advance on our prior knowledge of Middle Eastern political economy, and constitutes a distinct contribution to the global literature on crony capitalism and the politics of development. The book will be an essential resource for students, researchers, and policymakers alike.


The literature upon textile dyeing technique, including the tie-dye and batik methods, is widely scattered in a large number of periodicals and books, many of which are no longer available or do not appear in English. This book offers a concise history of man's attempts to dye, and pattern by dyeing, the textiles he made from the raw materials available to him. Despite the conditions reflected in an early papyrus which stated that the "hands of the dyer reek like rotting fish and his eyes are overcome by weariness, " the development of dyeing techniques persisted from earliest known civilizations to the present day. As man discovered new natural fibers, and later synthetic fibers, so he invented new dyes and dyeing methods.Dyeing became a prosperous trade and the concern of governments, with the result that technical and social innovation began to develop more quickly. This development is described here in considerable detail.Sections are devoted to the many forms of tie-dye and batik practiced in various parts of the world from early times. Since this book, in common with its companion volume, is intended as a source book for students preparing special studies on dyed textiles, an exceptional feature is the provision of a number of comprehensive appendices of information for further research.


The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor plays a critical role in central nervous system processes. Its diverse properties, as well as hypothesized role in neurological disease, render NMDA receptors a target of interest for the development of therapeutically relevant modulators. A number of subunit-selective modulators have been reported in the literature, one of which is TCN-201, a GluN2A-selective negative allosteric modulator. Recently, it was determined from a cocrystallization study of TCN-201 with the NMDA receptor that a unique active pose exists in which the sulfonamide group of TCN-201 incorporates a π-π stacking interaction between the two adjacent aryl rings that allows it to make important contacts with the protein. This finding led us to investigate whether this unique structural feature of the diaryl sulfonamide could be incorporated into other modulators that act on distinct pockets. To test whether this idea might have more general utility, we added an aryl ring plus the sulfonamide linker modification to a previously published series of GluN2C- and GluN2D-selective negative allosteric modulators that bind to an entirely different pocket. Herein, we report data suggesting that this structural modification of the NAB-14 series of modulators was tolerated and, in some instances, enhanced potency. These results suggest that this motif may be a reliable means for introducing a π-π stacking element to molecular scaffolds that could improve activity if it allowed access to ligand-protein interactions not accessible from one planar aromatic group.


In this paper, we investigate the effect of a downhole passive regulator [anti-stall tool (AST)] on the dynamics of rotary drilling systems in interbedded formations. Drilling in interbedded formations can significantly affect the vibrational signature of these systems and the associated drilling performance. Hence, models to assess the impact of drilling in such formations are needed. Here, we construct a dynamic model of the drillstring system which incorporates the bit/rock interface laws for the transitional phase of bit motion between rock layers with distinct mechanical properties. In the model, the axial and torsional dynamics of the drillstring systems are coupled by these interface laws and cast in the form of discontinuous (state-dependent) delay differential equations. Next, we include the AST in the dynamic model to enable the assessment of the influence of this downhole tool on drilling performance, in particular in terms of rate-of-penetration (ROP) and drilling efficiency. Furthermore, we also investigate the mechanical specific energy (MSE) and steady-state power losses at the bit (due to frictional torque) for different operational conditions and rock layer thicknesses. The analysis reveals that an increased drilling efficiency and lower MSE are obtained by incorporating the downhole tool in the drillstring, resulting in a higher ROP and a lower frictional contact between the bit and rock in interbedded formations.


Context: Head-and-neck cancer patients undergoing chemoradiation. Aims: The aim of the study was to see if there is any correlation between the planning target volume (PTV) and mucositis. Settings and Design: This was a single-arm prospective study. Subjects and Methods: A total of forty head-and-neck cancer patients undergoing chemoradiation were assessed for mucositis at the 5th week. The grades of mucositis were correlated with PTVs of low risk (54 Gy) and high risk (60–66 Gy). Statistical Analysis Used: The data were analyzed using the statistical software, SPSS Inc. Release 2009, predictive analytics software statistics for windows version 20.0, Chicago. Log transformation was done as the data were skewed. Independent t-test was used to compare between the two grades of toxicity. P <0.01 was considered for statistical significance. Results: The mean PTVlow risk was 522cc (228–771) and PTVhigh risk was 254cc (20–780). Grade II mucositis was seen in 27 (67%) patients and Grade III in 11 (28%) patients. The mean PTVlow risk was higher for patients, who had Grade III compared to Grade II mucositis (571 vs. 517 cc, P = 0.052). Conclusions: The same was seen for PTVhigh risk(367 vs. 222 cc, P = 0.017). PTV is a better predictor of mucositis, and those patients with larger PTV require close monitoring and early intervention of mucositis.


Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) grains are alternative feedstuffs for pigs in the tropics. However, ensilage as a method for conservation has to be investigated. Ripe grains of cowpea (CWP) and jack bean (JBN) were chemically analyzed and ensilability was tested by the Rostock Fermentation Test (RFT). The buffering capacity (BC) was 8.9, 6.3 and 3.1 g lactic acid (LA)/100 g DM for JBN, CWP and sorghum (SOR), respectively. For RFT, 50 g milled grains were incubated with 200 mL of deionized water (30 oC). Variants were performed in triplicate: control without additive, molasses (MOL, 4 %), Lactobacillus plantarum (LAB, 3x105 cfu/g), MOL+LAB. As well, SOR was mixed with legume grains. At 0, 14, 18, 22, 26 and 38 h pH was measured and filtrates were analyzed for LA, volatile fatty acids, alcohol and NH3 after 38 h. The lowest pH (P < 0.05) at 38 h was determined for JBN+LAB+MOL, JBN+LAB+SOR, CWP+LAB, CWP+LAB+MOL and CWP+LAB+SOR. For the variants CWP+LAB and CWP+LAB+MOL the highest LA production (P < 0.05) and the lowest levels of acetic and butyric acid as well as NH3 were determined (P < 0.05). RFT revealed the necessity of LAB inoculation and addition of molasses for a sufficient acidification. Mixed silages are an option to be used when SOR grains have to be harvested at high moistures.


Background: Previous studies conducted worldwide which indicated that many physical therapists are prone to develop a thumb pain just because of their occupation. The nature of the work in a physical therapy practice is physically demanding which prone the physiotherapists to work related thumb pain (WRTP) as it involves repetitive tasks, high force manual techniques for treating patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence, risk factors and consequences of thumb pain arising due to physiotherapy.
Methodology: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2017 to December 2018 and participating population included both male and female physiotherapists who are currently in practice. Participants that have undergone forearm or hand surgery, victim of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and those who were retired or working out of Karachi were excluded. The sample size was calculated through open epi version 3.0 and data was collected from 100 subjects from districts of Karachi (Saddar, Liaquatabad, North Karachi, Gulberg, North Nazimabad, Malir, Gulshan, Korangi and Orangi). The data was analyzed using SPSS Version 22. Pearson's Chi square test was used to find out the association between WRTP among physical therapists.
Results: According to the study results physical therapists are at increased risk of developing WRTP, with prevalence of 48%. Physiotherapists that are most commonly affected by WRTP are 39% and they aged <30 years. It was found more prevalent among manual therapists (29%). Trigger point therapy is mentioned by 23% of the respondents as an important pain exacerbating cause for their WRTP. Also, manipulation (17%) and mobilization (17%) are the techniques that result in thumb pain. Change in the choice of treatment techniques (17%) is a consequence of WRTP.
Conclusion: Physical therapists who are using manual therapy techniques in musculoskeletal conditions experienced more WRTP. However, thumb pain is mostly provoked by trigger point therapy. The best therapy for WRTP is rest, considering the most satisfaction about this treatment.


Here, our goal is to develop a formal analysis of dual network structures taking into account transitive completions of higher order than the usually considered triadic closure, i.e., allowing quadruple closure and any other higher order transitive completion of open n-paths traversing two dual social networks. In this way, a sequence of indirect relations might be generated in each social network, right next to the inherent direct relations in these networks. For this purpose, we introduce the setting of a "dual social network system" and we discuss how this setting might be produced in empirical situations, in which social networks are composed or partitioned in terms of various forms of actors' categorizations from an attributional, attitudinal, typological or structural point of view. Furthermore, we are concerned with the issue of adjusting the concepts of Granovetter's thesis on the strength of the weak ties to the case of direct and (any order) indirect relations in such dual social network systems.


The TCP/IP stack has been mainly designed for elastic traffic (file transfers). It is nowadays recognized that it is not able to efficiently support traffic patterns with completely differing requirements (e.g. applications with delay requirements). Service differentiation at the flow agregate level (DiffServ) is a promising way to implement some form of IP QoS because it is robust and scalable. The EDS (Equivalent Differentiated Services) PHB is a DiffServ per Hop Behavior based on both loss rate and delay proportional differentiation. This article, presents a network layer implementing the EDS service differentiation and a marking strategy for TCP. This strategy leads to a diminution of the number of timeouts and the standard deviation of the individual throughput of multiple connections.


Abstract Context. Among biotic factors, bean anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Briosi & Cavara is one of the most destructive diseases of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Resistance in common bean genotypes is controlled by anthracnose resistance loci (designated Co). Aims. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of Co resistance genes in common bean genotypes from Turkey and to examine promising genotypes as candidates for parent plants in breeding studies. Methods. The presence of Co resistance genes in 693 common bean genotypes from 35 provinces of Turkey was determined by 12 SCAR (sequence characterised amplified region), RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA), STS (sequence-tagged site) and CAPS (cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence) markers. The disease reaction of 40 agronomically promising genotypes to different pathogen isolates was evaluated in a pot study. Key results. The results indicated the presence of Co-1, Co-14, Co-15, Co-2, Co-33, Co-4, Co-42, Co-6, Co-10, Co-11 and Co-13 resistance genes, alone or in combination; Co-5 was not detected in any of the genotypes. Among the genotypes, Co-15 was the most frequent resistance source, followed by Co-4, Co-6 and Co-11, respectively. Common bean genotypes carrying Co-14, Co-2, Co-33, Co-11 and Co-13 have been identified for the first time in Turkish germplasm. Five genotypes carrying the various combinations of Co-1, Co-15, Co-4, Co-6, Co-10, Co-11 and Co-13 were resistant to all isolates in pathogenicity tests. Conclusions. This study is the most comprehensive to date on Co genes linked to the resistance of common bean genotypes throughout Turkey and provides an important gene pool for breeding studies into bean anthracnose. Resistant genotypes identified will be useful as parent plants in resistance breeding studies. Implications. Resistance genotypes carrying different Co genes to bean anthracnose will contribute significantly to the disease management strategy.


I investigated attenuation characteristics of strong motions using data of K-NET and KiK-net in the southwest Japan. First, I evaluated relative site factors of 630 sites of K-NET and KiK-net in the area using adjacent sites network method[Ikeura and Kato,2011]. Secondly I converted spectra observed at those sites during large earthquakes to ones of base rock motions by cancelling site amplification effect using the relative site factor of each site. The converted high frequency amplitudes from the 2000 Western Tottori earthquake clearly show linear attenuation curves in the distance range of 10 to 500km. The converted amplitudes of the 2001 Geiyo earthquake, which occurred at the depth of 46 km in Philippine sea plate, also shows almost linear distribution in the distance range of 50 to 400km. In contrast with these events, the converted amplitudes of the 2014 Iyo-nada earthquake, which occurred at the depth of 78 km in Philippine sea plate, showed widely dispersed distribution, indicating complex attenuation characteristics due to tectonic setting beneath these area. Lower limit of the wide distribution is characterized by western sites beyond volcanic zone in Kyushu district, while upper limit is characterized by eastern sites in the fore arc area of Chugoku district and in Shikoku district.


The conversion of a hukou (household registration) from one locale to another in China requires official approval, a process subject to conditions set out in numerous regulations. This article examines the role of points systems for selecting economic migrants eligible for an urban hukou in several provinces. Using the points systems, city governments prioritize human resources and capital, which they consider to be the key to economic prosperity, over social objectives. Meanwhile the majority of migrants, who participate in urban employment without official registration, are treated as necessary contributors to the economy but not as qualified beneficiaries of it. It remains to be seen, with a wider application of points systems in more Chinese cities, whether the hukou system will evolve to make urban citizenship less exclusive and more equitable. The article provides detailed examples, at the province and city level, of rating schemes for qualifying for an urban hukou.


While active learning (AL) has been recently applied to help the user explore a large database to retrieve data instances of interest, existing methods often require a large number of instances to be labeled in order to achieve good accuracy. To address this slow convergence problem, our work augments version space-based AL algorithms, which have strong theoretical results on convergence but are very costly to run, with additional insights obtained in the user labeling process. These insights lead to a novel algorithm that factorizes the version space to perform active learning in a set of subspaces. Our work offers theoretical results on optimality and approximation for this algorithm, as well as optimizations for better performance. Evaluation results show that our factorized version space algorithm significantly outperforms other version space algorithms, as well as a recent factorization-aware algorithm, for large database exploration.


Ghana recently created six new regions, amid controversy over who was entitled to vote in the region-creating referenda and its likely economic consequences. The Supreme Court declined jurisdiction to address the suffrage controversy, paving the way for voters in only the specified areas of the affected regions to vote for creating the regions. This article evaluates the Court's reasons for declining jurisdiction and the arguments made to support the creation of the regions. It concludes that there is merit in the claim that all voters in the affected regions should have participated in the referenda and raises substantial doubts about the arguments in favour of creating the regions. It also concludes that creating new regions gives the semblance of increased decentralisation but only results in deconcentration, hence more centralisation. The exercise continues the post-independence drift from regional power-sharing to fragmented powerless regions. Since the resulting fragmentation of the country provides no clear benefits but imposes certain costs, the article suggests either a constitutional amendment or statutory reforms to raise the bar for creating new regions.


The rapid increase and spread of Gram-negative bacteria resistant to many or all existing treatments threaten a return to the preantibiotic era. The presence of bacterial polysaccharides that impede the penetration of many antimicrobials and protect them from the innate immune system contributes to resistance and pathogenicity. No currently approved antibiotics target the polysaccharide regions of microbes. Here, describe monolaurin-based niosomes, the first lipid nanoparticles that can eliminate bacterial polysaccharides from hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae, are described. Their combination with polymyxin B shows no cytotoxicity in vitro and is highly effective in combating K. pneumoniae infection in vivo. Comprehensive mechanistic studies have revealed that antimicrobial activity proceeds via a multimodal mechanism. Initially, lipid nanoparticles disrupt polysaccharides, then outer and inner membranes are destabilized and destroyed by polymyxin B, resulting in synergistic cell lysis. This novel lipidic nanoparticle system shows tremendous promise as a highly effective antimicrobial treatment targeting multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens.


The Van 't Hoff program is a new collaborative research and innovation program, initiated by TNO, in the field of biomedical optics. The Van 't Hoff program aims to improve medical diagnosis and therapy through development of innovative medical devices based on photonics and biomedical technologies. Specifically, we develop biophotonics-based technologies to enable less invasive surgical procedures, better screening and monitoring ot diseases in asymptomotic stages and better and/or personalized treatment tor patients, leading to reduced healthcare costs and improved healthcare.


The modeling languages are designed to make easier the software development. That is why so many times they are included in the development methodology. In 2001 the OMG proposed model driver architecture for the software development (MDA). In this architecture are transformations which are used between the models to get others. The goal is to show a new way to develop applications using the Agents Oriented paradigm. To do it the MDA is showed and the methodology agent's models are studied. There is no methodology which uses the transformations between the models, so the meta-models group and the transformations between them should be researched.


Despite the widespread use of platinum chemotherapy, only few drugs have been approved in this class of molecules. Here, we describe a novel supramolecular chemistry-based platform technology to engineer more potent oxaliplatin analogues. In IO125, a unique platinum (II) is tethered to a cholesterol backbone via a monocarboxylato bond and an N→Pt coordination environment, releasing diaminocyclohexane (DACH)-platinum in a sustained pH-dependent manner. The molecule facilitates assembly into defined nanoscale supramolecular structures of uniform size distribution as measured using dynamic light scatter and electron microscopy. Such a supramolecular therapeutic demonstrates enhanced activity compared with oxaliplatin in 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer lines. The uptake of IO125-based supramolecular therapeutic was 10-20 fold greater than free oxaliplatin in these cells. In addition, the nanoparticles exhibited significantly lower IC50 values in comparison to oxaliplatin in primary colorectal carcinoma lines generated from patient tumor sample. Nanostructures have been shown to exhibit superior pharmacokinetics profile and biodistribution to tumors due to an enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Based on these observations, we anticipate an IO125-based supramolecular therapeutic may emerge as a novel next-generation platinum-based potent anti-cancer agent. Citation Format: Monideepa Roy, Sk Samad Hossain, Arindam Sarkar, Aniruddha Sengupta, Nimish Gupta, Sajid Hussain, Aasif Ansari, Sanghamitra Mylavarapu, Shiladitya Sengupta. IO125, a novel Pt-based supramolecular therapeutic exhibits increased anti-cancer efficacy compared with oxaliplatin. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4483. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4483


Aberrant right subclavian artery aneurysms are rare but demonstrate a propensity toward rupture; thus, early elective repair is mandated. Novel endovascular modalities are available to offer less-invasive treatment for a patient population with increasing comorbidities. We report a case of a 65-year-old woman with an aberrant right subclavian artery aneurysm causing dysphagia lusoria. The aneurysm was excluded proximally at Kommerell's diverticulum with a Zenith iliac plug and excluded distally by surgical ligation combined with a right carotid-subclavian artery bypass to preserve extremity perfusion.


The genus Cleome is widely distributed in drier areas of the tropics and subtropics. Cleome dendroides and C. rosea are Brazilian native species that occur mainly in sandy coastal plains, ecosystems negatively affected by human impacts. Cleome spinosa is frequently found in urban areas. Many Cleome species have been used in traditional medicine, as C. spinosa . In the present work, was investigated C. dendroides , C. rosea and C. spinosa germinative behavior under in vivo conditions, as well as was established suitable conditions to in vitro germination and seedling development. The in vivo germination was performed, evaluating the influence of temperature, substrate and light. It was observed that only C. spinosa presents physiological dormancy, which was overcome by using alternate temperatures. The substrate influenced significantly the germination of C. rosea and the seeds of C. dendroides showed the highest germination percentages in the different conditions evaluated. The post-seminal development stages under in vivo and in vitro conditions were defined. It was observed that the development was faster under in vitro than in vivo conditions. An effective methodology for in vitro germination, enabling the providing of material to experiment on plant tissue culture was established to C. dendroides and C. spinosa .


With the move towards IIoT and the Digital Age, companies in the process industry are looking to digitalize processes. One critical element in this development is the increased adoption of the Digital Twin (DT), which is being deployed in all phases of a product, plant, or process lifecycle from design to operations to maintenance.
 A DT is a virtual representation of a physical product or process used to understand and predict the physical counterpart's performance characteristics. They are used throughout the product lifecycle to simulate, predict, and optimize the product and production system before investing in physical prototypes.
 The concept is not new. For more than 30 years, product and process engineering teams have used 3D renderings and process simulation to validate manufacturability. What is new, however, is that several factors have now converged to bring the concept of the DT to the forefront as a disruptive trend in the process industry. This will be demonstrated using relevant use cases featuring organizations that have seen increases in efficiency improvements after employing digitalization and the DT
 By incorporating simulation, data analytics, and machine learning, the DT is able to demonstrate impacts of usage and training scenarios in a virtual setting. This enables identification of any potential issues in the design phase as opposed to the commissioning phase as is very common today. Process and sensor data from physical objects are collected and analyzed to determine real-time performance and operating changes over time. Feeding this data back into the product lifecycle, the DT is continuously updated to reflect changes to the physical counterpart. This creates a closed-loop of virtual feedback that makes products, production, and performance optimization possible at minimal cost.


The 1990s have witnessed the ascendance of a new orthodoxy which asserts that democracy and development are mutually reinforcing. This is in marked contrast to the dominant consensus that held sway for the previous two decades, which stated that developmental progress in poor societies was best assured by strong states, ruled by authoritarian regimes. Today, however, many new democracies are illiberal, non-participatory, and characterized by enormous inequalities. Developmental democracy cannot therefore be regarded as an assured outcome of a simultaneous process of economic and political liberalization. The central inquiry of this important new study concerns the extent to which it is possible to strive towards a new form of developmental state that can promote broad-based and equitable development in the context of legitimized, inclusive democracy. The argument running through this book is that there is scope for continuous political intervention in the design of democratic institutions that shape the context of state-led development initiatives. Institutional arrangements which foster political participation, the dispersion of political power, and increased representation by women and other disadvantaged groups can make democratic regimes more sensitive to issues of poverty, social welfare, and gender discrimination through remedial action and policy commitments. Oxford Studies in Demcratization is a series for scholars and students of comparative politics and related disciplines. Volumes will concentrate on the comparative study of the democratization processes that accompanied the decline and termination of the cold war. The geographical focus of the series will primarily be Latin America, the Caribbean, Southern and Eastern Europe, and relevant experiences in Africa and Asia. The Series Editor is Laurence Whitehead.


Neurotoxicity is an unusual iatrogenic effect associated with carbapenems, typically manifested as seizures or hyperactive delirium. We present an 89-year-old female patient with a medical history of hypertension and chronic kidney disease who was admitted for acute tracheobronchitis and anemia related to diverticular disease. As a complication, she developed acute cystitis caused by extended spectrum ß-lactamases producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, so intravenous ertapenem was started. On the second day of antibiotic therapy, the patient manifested visual hallucinations followed by an inattentive and lethargic state suggestive of a hypoactive delirium. An ertapenem-induced neurotoxicity was suspected. Upon substitution by meropenem, the patient improved, and symptom reversal occurred after 72 hours. We present a review of ertapenem-induced hallucinations and address pharmacokinetics aspects namely renal dysfunction and hypoalbuminemia that could potentiate encephalopathy. Although rare, clinicians should be aware of non-seizure ertapenem related neurotoxicity. Ready recognition can lead to rapid improvement and prevent dire outcomes.


A constant paradox for researchers working in the field of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), is to explain how these proteins despite binding to and activating highly homologous membrane receptors and triggering simi- lar signalling pathways, yet exert distinct physiological roles in the control of metabolism and growth. Despite extensive studies, the molecular basis for the specificity between insulin and IGF-I signaling is still poorly understood. In an attempt to reveal the gene expression profiles regulated by their divergent functions, we used Affymetrix microarrays to monitor gene expression patterns that are regulated by either insulin or IGF-I. A fully differentiated human adipocyte line, derived from the adipose tissue of a child with Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome (SGBS), was stimulated with either insulin or IGF-I. Following stimulation of the differentiated adipocytes with insulin for 24 h, we found 329 genes differentially regulated of which 215 were up-regulated and 114 were down-regulated. When SGBS adipocytes were stimulated with IGF-I, 103 genes were differentially expressed, of which 70 were up-regulated and 33 were down-regulated. Our results indicate that under the conditions used in the present study, insulin is a more potent regulator of gene expression in human adipocytes than IGF-I.


Analytic pyrolysis was conducted to simulate the heating conditions that green sand and bituminous coal would experience during metal casting process. The hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emissions from analytical pyrolysis were analyzed by GC-FID/MS. The major components of the HAP emissions included benzene, toluene, xylene (BTX), phenol, and naphthalene. These HAPs were generated from the pyrolysis of bituminous coal that was added as carbonaceous additives in the green sand. During TGA slow pyrolysis, HAPs were mainly generated at 350-700 degrees C. The yield of HAPs increased considerably when the coal was flash pyrolyzed. The HAP emissions from analytical pyrolysis exhibited some similarity in the compositions and distributions with those from actual casting processes. Compared with the conventional actual metal pouring emission tests, analytical pyrolysis techniques offered a fast and cost-effective way to establish the HAP emission inventories of green sand during metal casting.


OBJECTIVES To identify attitudes, knowledge and self-perceived risks among doctors in the Este-Oriente District of Sevilla concerning HIV/AIDS infection; to detect attitude problems and structural barriers affecting doctors' predisposition towards patients with HIV/AIDS infection. DESIGN A cross sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire. SETTING Este-Oriente Primary Care district, Sevilla. PARTICIPANTS Permanent and provisional doctors and paediatricians working in the district during the survey. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Reply rate was 86% (n = 111). Most doctors (85%) had treated one or more patients with HIV. 91% thought they had to treat these persons. However, 21% would not work with them, if they had the choice. CONCLUSIONS Attitudes of doctors and paediatricians in the Este-Oriente district of Sevilla towards HIV/AIDS patients can be qualified as positive. Most doctors need to extend their knowledge of this disease. The perception of risk of contagion is high and higher than the real risk. Important attitude and structural barriers to care provision were detected: intervention strategies were proposed by the doctors and paediatricians of this district.


We investigated the superfluorescent decay process of dense rubidium atomic vapor in a cell. Using a femtosecond laser pulse, the atoms were excited from the 5S ground state to the 6P state. The 2.73μm and 1.37μm fields were generated on the cascaded decay, 6P → 6S → 5P, which further stimulated the 780 nm forward emission on the 5P → 5S transition. Using sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy, we observed all emission fields and the time delay between them, with sufficient temporal resolution. The experimental results were successfully reproduced using semiclassical simulations.


Motivated by repeated observations in the management accounting literature concerning the relevance of academic research to policy and practice communities, this study reports on an exploratory investigation of the perceptions and attitudes of a sample of 64 senior management accounting academics from 55 universities in 14 countries about the extent to which academic management accounting research does, and should inform practice. Drawing on Diffusion of Innovations theory as a point of departure, and based on evidence obtained from a questionnaire survey and subsequent interviews, our findings reveal the prevalence of two broad schools of thought. One school, represented by the majority of senior academics, and which we have identified as, the 'majority view', holds there is a significant and widening 'gap' between academic research and the practice of management accounting, and that this gap is of considerable concern. In contrast, the other school, which we identify as 'the minority view', holds that a divide between academic management accounting research and practice is appropriate, and that efforts to bridge this divide are unnecessary, untenable or irrelevant. From this empirical evidence, we advance a conceptual framework distinguishing between the 'means' and 'ends' of academic research which enables these two opposing schools to be located relative to each other. On the basis of this framework, we contend that framing the relationship between academic research and practice as a 'gap' is potentially an oversimplification, and directs attention away from the broader but fundamental question of the role and societal relevance of academic research in management accounting.


Over the last 50 years, Irish feminists have campaigned for women's sexual health and reproductive rights, including access to contraception, legal abortion and choice in maternity care and childbirth. Recent cases like Ms. Y (2014), P. P. v. HSE (2014) and Ms. B (2016) invite a close scrutiny of the power dynamics relating to women's reproductive bodies in Ireland. This article examines Becoming Beloved (1995) and The Touching Contract (2016), two performance-based artworks located in Dublin maternity hospitals. Both artworks centred the body as a site of production to interrogate these power dynamics while engaging with specifics of each location. This article charts the management of childbearing bodies in Ireland, looking specifically at issues concerning reproductive and sexual health, information and consent. It details how Irish performance art has responded to the political, social and cultural climate of restrictions on women's bodies. Becoming Beloved and The Touching Contract both employed haptic encounters, multisensory perceptions composed of tactile, kinaesthetic and proprioceptive sensations that extended beyond a visual aesthetic. These haptic encounters contributed to a dimension of viewer engagement, integral in performance art to activating meaning. This article examines how these two artworks utilized haptic encounters to produce a situated, corporeal knowledge that critiqued the authority wielded over reproductive bodies by political, religious and medical establishments in Ireland.


The aim of the current study was to evaluate the expression of microRNA (miR)-17 in the endometrial tissues of patients with adenomyosis (AM) and determine its biological function in the occurrence and development of the disease. A total of 45 fresh endometrial tissues of AM patients and 32 normal endometrial tissues were collected from healthy controls. The expression of miR-17 was evaluated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The miR-17-targeting gene phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was predicted using bioinformatics and its expression was evaluated with RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. Endometrial cells were isolated from patients with AM and healthy controls. They were cultured in vitro and transfected with antagomiR-17 to downregulate miR-17 expression, subsequently cell viability and apoptosis were measured using MTT and flow cytometry. The expression of PTEN and cell cycle- and apoptosis-related proteins were evaluated using western blot analysis. Endometrial cells that stably overexpressed PTEN were screened in vitro by co-culture with G418. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was conducted to verify whether miR-17 was directly bound to PTEN mRNA. The results demonstrated that expression of miR-17 was significantly increased in the endometrial tissues of patients with AM compared with control patients (P<0.05). PTEN mRNA and protein expression were significantly lower in the AM group compared with the control group (P<0.05). When the expression of miR-17 in the cells was downregulated, the expression of PTEN was significantly increased (P<0.05). In addition, expression of Bcl-2 protein was significantly decreased and that of Bax protein significantly increased compared with the negative control (both P<0.05). The expression of cyclins E1 and D1 were also significantly downregulated (P<0.05). When PTEN was overexpressed or miR-17 was downregulated, the viability of endometrial cells significantly decreased and cell apoptosis significantly increased (all P<0.05). A dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that miR-17 could directly bind to the PTEN mRNA 3'-untranslated region to regulate its expression. Thus the current study indicates that expression of miR-17 was increased in the endometrial tissues of patients with AM and may influence cell apoptosis and cyclin expression through the targeted regulation of PTEN. These results suggest that miR-17 promotes the occurrence and development of AM.


Many synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images contain extended regions of apparently homogeneous clutter arising from areas of vegetation or uniformly driven expanses of water. These regions may contain localized clutter variations resulting from the presence of features of ecological interest, such as changes in vegetation density due to environmental effects or damping of the sea surface by pollutants. Alternatively such clutter variations may be due to the signatures of partially concealed land-based or maritime military targets. It is thus of interest to develop techniques which can discriminate localized clutter features from the background clutter. Multiple-channel SAR systems can provide several images of a scene of this type which contain complementary sets of information. These can be combined to generate a single enhanced image of the scene in which it is possible to discriminate more effectively among the features it contains. In this paper a unified discussion of multi-channel enhancement techniques, which make use of varying degrees of knowledge regarding the statistical characteristics of the image features, is presented.


It is argued that decentralization increase efficiency in public service delivery by transferring the authority and responsibility to manage service delivery to local level of government. Nevertheless, the experience of decentralization in the world has had diverse results, including Mexico. This paper tries to argue, the role of local institutional frameworks in determining how decentralization of water utilities can lead to different water utilities performance outcomes based on the local institutional frameworks in Oaxaca and Tabasco in Mexico. For this purpose, the paper uses the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) Framework to analyze and compare local institutions in which decentralized water utilities in Oaxaca and Tabasco operates to explain why they have different water utilities performance outcomes from decentralization despite having similar characteristics such as water quality and water availability per capita among others. The results find that difference in decentralized water utilities performance outcomes in Oaxaca and Tabasco arise due to different local institutional frameworks in these two states. In particular, decentralization has led to less efficient water utility performance outcomes in Oaxaca relative to Tabasco primarily because of the abundance of incentives to not comply with the cost recovery policy. Therefore, it is argued that decentralization is a blanket statement and only along with local institutions it determines the results of public service delivery.


This paper suggests and investigates a double-gate (DG) MOSFET, which emulates tunnel field effect transistors (M-TFET). We have combined this novel concept into a double-gate MOSFET, which behaves as a tunneling field effect transistor by work function engineering. In the proposed structure, in addition to the main gate, we utilize another gate over the source region with zero applied voltage and a proper work function to convert the source region from N+ to P+. We check the impact obtained by varying the source gate work function and source doping on the device parameters. The simulation results of the M-TFET indicate that it is a suitable case for a switching performance. Also, we present a two-dimensional analytic potential model of the proposed structure by solving the Poisson's equation in x and y directions and by derivatives from the potential profile; thus, the electric field is achieved. To validate our present model, we use the SILVACO ATLAS device simulator. The analytical results have been compared with it.


Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the concerns of those mothers with children with cerebral palsy (CP) who were referred for a chewing evaluation, and the relationship between their chewing performance levels and the concerns of their mothers. Materials and Methods: A total of 55 children with CP, and their mothers were included in this study. Age, gender, height, weight, and type of CP were noted. The Karaduman Chewing Performance Scale (KCPS) was used to define the chewing performance level. Children with a KCPS level of 0 were categorized as "children without chewing dysfunction", and children with KCPS level 1 to IV were defined as "children with chewing dysfunction". The Turkish version of the Feeding/Swallowing Impact Survey (T-FS-IS) was used to evaluate the maternal concerns relating to the child's feeding and swallowing problems. Results: The mean age of children was 4.45±2.56 (minimum=2, maximum=11) years, of which 58.2% were male. There was a moderate to strong correlation between the KCPS and daily activities, worry, feeding difficulties and the total score from the T-FS-IS (p<0.001, r=0.71, r=0.64, r=0.72, r=0.74, respectively). The mothers of those children with chewing dysfunction reported more problems in the total score and all subscales of the T-FS-IS than those mothers of children without any chewing dysfunction (p<0.01). Conclusion: This study suggests that the chewing performance levels of children were associated with their mothers' concerns, and those mothers of children with CP who had chewing dysfunction have higher concerns relating to feeding-swallowing difficulties. This knowledge regarding maternal perception indicates that clinicians should consider the concerns of the mothers during the management of chewing dysfunction.


Measurements of dihedral angles at three-grain junctions in gabbros, involving two grains of plagioclase and one grain of another mineral, demonstrate that the median dihedral angle is generally the same for all minerals in any sample. The few exceptions to this can be attributed to reaction or to the cessation of growth of plagioclase during the last stages of solidification of highly evolved liquids that do not crystallize volumetrically important amounts of plagioclase. The dihedral angle is therefore primarily controlled by the growth behavior of plagioclase in the last remaining liquid. The final value of the dihedral angle is controlled by the extent to which plagioclase growth is accommodated on the (010) faces: low angles form when growth on the (010) faces is minor compared with that on the other growth faces, and high angles form when the (010) faces accommodate significant growth. The response of dihedral angles to changes in crystallization time is therefore explained by the changing response of plagioclase growth to cooling rate, with limited growth on (010) faces during rapid cooling (leading to a low dihedral angle) and more significant growth at slow cooling (leading to high dihedral angle). The correspondence between dihedral angle and plagioclase grain shape (as quantified by the average apparent aspect ratio observed in thin section) is clearly evident for non-fractionated bodies such as dolerite sills. Although the stratigraphic variation of the overall plagioclase grain shape in the floor cumulates of the Skaergaard Intrusion is broadly similar to that observed in sills, there is no correspondence to observed augite�plagioclase�plagioclase dihedral angles, which show a step-wise stratigraphic variation, corresponding to changes in the liquidus assemblage. This decoupling occurs because plagioclase growth in layered intrusions occurs in two stages, the first at, or close to, the magma�mush interface and the second within the mush. Chemical maps of samples on either side of the augite-in dihedral angle step demonstrate a step-wise change in the aspect ratio of the plagioclase grown during the second stage, with the aspect ratio of this stage corresponding to that predicted from the dihedral angles. Plagioclase shape in layered intrusions thus records two separate thermal regimes, with the overall shape controlled by the global cooling rate of the intrusion, and the second (minor) stage within the mushy layer reflecting local thermal buffering controlled by the liquidus assemblage of the bulk magma. Dihedral angles in layered intrusions record the second thermal regime.


Article offers a comparative analysis of the geopolitical approaches from U.S. and Rus sian geopoliticians, Saul B. Cohen and Alexander Dugin, in determining the position of EuropeInBetween in contemporary World. The article presents a spatial definition of this term, introduced in the scientific literature by F. Tunjić, and an overview of this area in terms of maritime and continental geopolitics through the reflections of the above mentioned geopoliticians. We are also comparing the current geopolitical moment with the tendencies shown in the papers of these authors to determine the future geopolitical developments in the EuropeInBetween.


As an important application of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), advances in intelligent transportation systems (ITS) improve driving safety by informing drivers of hazards with warnings in advance. The evaluation of the warning effectiveness is an important issue in facilitating communication of ITS. The goal of the present study was to develop a scale to evaluate the warning utility, namely, the effectiveness of a warning in preventing accidents in general. A driving simulator study was conducted to validate the Verbal Warning Utility Scale (VWUS) in a simulated driving environment. The reliability analysis indicated a good split-half reliability for the VWUS with a Spearman-Brown Coefficient of 0.873. The predictive validity of VWUS in measuring the effectiveness of the verbal warnings was verified by the significant prediction of safety benefits indicated by variables, including reduced kinetic energy and collision rate. Compared to conducting experimental studies, this scale provides a simpler way to evaluate overall utility of verbal warnings in communicating associated hazards in intelligent transportation systems. This scale can be further applied to improve the design of warnings of ITS in order to improve transportation safety. The applications of the scale in nonverbal warning situations and limitations of the current scale are also discussed.


ABSTRACT Measuring antibodies to Bordetella pertussis antigens is mostly done by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). We compared the performance of ELISA kits that were commercially available in Germany. Eleven measured IgG antibodies, and nine measured IgA antibodies. An in-house ELISA with purified antigens served as a reference method. Samples included two WHO reference preparations, the former Food and Drug Administration (FDA)/Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) reference preparations, serum samples from patients with clinically suspected pertussis, and serum samples from patients having received a combined tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (Tdap) vaccination. Kits using pertussis toxin (PT) as an antigen showed linearity compared to the WHO Reference preparation (r2 between 0.82 and 0.99), and these kits could quantify antibodies according to the reference preparation. ELISA kits using mixed antigens showed no linear correlation to the reference preparations. Patient results were compared to results of in-house ELISAs using a dual cutoff of either ≥100 IU/ml anti-PT IgG or ≥40 IU/ml anti-PT IgG together with ≥12 IU/ml anti-PT IgA. The sensitivities of kits measuring IgG antibodies ranged between 0.84 and 1.00. The specificities of kits using PT as an antigen were between 0.81 and 0.93. The specificities of kits using mixed antigens were between 0.51 and 0.59 and were thus not acceptable. The sensitivities of kits measuring IgA antibodies ranged between 0.53 and 0.73, and the specificities were between 0.67 and 0.94, indicating that IgA antibodies may be of limited diagnostic value. Our data suggest that ELISAs should use purified PT as an antigen and be standardized to the 1st International Reference preparation.


Palmitate negatively affects insulin secretion and apoptosis in the pancreatic β‐cell. The detrimental effects are abolished by elongating and desaturating the fatty acid into oleate. To investigate mechanisms of how the two fatty acids differently affect β‐cell function and apoptosis, lipid handling was determined in MIN6 cells cultured in the presence of the fatty acids palmitate (16:0) and oleate (18:1) and also corresponding monounsaturated fatty acid palmitoleate (16:1) and saturated fatty acid stearate (18:0). Insulin secretion was impaired and apoptosis accentuated in palmitate‐, and to some extent, stearate‐treated cells. Small or no changes in secretion or apoptosis were observed in cells exposed to palmitoleate or oleate. Expressions of genes associated with fatty acid esterification (SCD1, DGAT1, DGAT2, and FAS) were augmented in cells exposed to palmitate or stearate but only partially (DGAT2) in palmitoleate‐ or oleate‐treated cells. Nevertheless, levels of triglycerides were highest in cells exposed to oleate. Similarly, fatty acid oxidation was most pronounced in oleate‐treated cells despite comparable up‐regulation of CPT1 after treatment of cells with the four different fatty acids. The difference in apoptosis between palmitate and stearate was paralleled by similar differences in levels of markers of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in cells exposed to the two fatty acids. Palmitate‐induced ER stress was not accounted for by ceramide de novo synthesis. In conclusion, although palmitate initiated stronger expression changes consistent with lipid accumulation and combustion in MIN6 cells, rise in triglyceride levels and fatty acid oxidation was favored specifically in cells exposed to oleate. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 497–507, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


While the etiology of gender roles across the lifespan remains a matter for debate, conformity to masculine norms has been associated with poorer physical and mental health outcomes amongst men. This study reports data from two online samples of Australian men (Ns = 343, 525), focusing on age group differences for masculinity and depression. Consistent with prediction, cross-sectional data reported that conformity to masculine norms attenuated throughout the lifespan. Further, both samples indicated that the relationship between masculinity and depression increased with age. Findings are interpreted within the context of men resolving gender role–related conflicts across the lifespan.


Abstract While there is widespread agreement in the ministerial promotion and resignation literature that experience matters, experience has typically been defined as the length of time a legislator has worked in politics or served in a legislature. This approach fails to account for the different kinds of experience legislators accumulate as they progress through their political careers prior to appointment to cabinet. We demonstrate how researchers can use sequence and cluster analysis to obtain a more complete understanding of ministerial appointment. We identify four data-driven archetypes of political careers in Canada for the period 1968–2015. We find that MPs with diverse political careers are more likely to be appointed to cabinet, while MPs with opposition experience are more successful than MPs with government experience. We also find that parliamentary secretary is not necessarily a stepping stone to a full cabinet position, calling into question traditional conceptions of parliamentary politics as a 'ladder'.


The widespread prevalence in infancy of hypochromic anaemia, the result of a deficiency of iron in the diet, has been stressed within recent years by Helen Mackay, and in their experimental work on nutritional anaemia in rats Hart, Steenbock, Waddell and Elvehjem have shown that smiall amounts of copper as supplements to iron are essential for the cure of this condition. The question whether iron alone can produce a cure of experimental nutritional anaemia or if other metals can replace copper as a supplement has been referred to in a preceding paper (Part II). 'Absence of certain metals from the diet is not the only dietetic deficiency associated with the development of hypochromic anaemia; for instance, the anaemia of scurvy cannot be cured unless adequate amounts of vitamin C are consumed, and the anaemia occasionally found with hypothyroidism or cretinism is said to react specifically to thyroxin. According to Witts' iron, copper, vitamin C and thyroxin are necessary for the maturation of normoblast to erythrocyte, and in adults the failure of this change results in the development of a microcytic anaemia. We have been able to demonstrate by means of the heematocrit and by PriceJones curves (Fig. 1) that the nutritional anaemia of infants is also of the microcytic type. From the recent work of Strauss and Castle2 the interaction of two factors would appear to be essential for the maturation of megaloblast into normoblast and the consequent prevention of megalocytic anvemia. These factors are: -(a) an intrinsic factor present in normal gastric juice, and (b) an extrinsic factor which they believe to be vitamin B., Megalocytic anaemia may also result if there is a failure of absorption or of utilizt-tionl of the product of the interaction of these two factors. Deficiency anaemias of the megalocytic type are extremely rare in childhood, but they have been recorded in association with ceeliac disease, and even pernicious anaemia itself has been described. The megalocytic anaemia


For a hierarchy of properties of term rewriting systems related to confluence we prove relative undecidability, i.e., for implications X ↠ Y in the hierarchy the property X is undecidable for term rewriting systems satisfying Y. For some of the implications either X or -X is semi-decidable, for others neither X nor -X is semi-decidable. We prove most of these results for linear term rewrite systems.


The intimate integration of digital electrowetting microfluidics and optical microcavity sensors results in an excellent platform for low power consumption, high sensitivity integrated sample preparation and testing, which is particularly useful for medical diagnostics and water quality testing. In this work, a microresonator structure with a buried channel waveguide (resulting in an external Q factor of 28,000 in silicone oil and 17,000 in water) was embedded in the top plate of a digital electrowetting system, enabling sensing with a single droplet of <100 nL volume. The integrated system was used to successfully demonstrate resonant optical wavelength shifts proportional to index of refraction changes of the liquid actuated to the sensor.


This article explores a Buddhist text in which numbers set the very stakes for liberation. In 1404, Ngor chen Kun dga' bzang po (1382–1456), who was to become one of the most esteemed tantric commentators of the Tibetan Sakya tradition, composed his first polemical text, Dispelling Evil Misunderstandings of the Explanation of the Ground of Zung 'jug Vajradhara. In this early work, Ngor chen grapples with the relationship between the path of perfections and of secret mantra as conduits to liberation. I illuminate the ways in which ritual, exegesis, and pedagogy converge in Ngor chen's text to reveal larger implications for distinguishing the eleventh and thirteenth grounds (bhūmi) of Buddhahood in fifteenth-century Tibet. In concluding, I highlight the art of differentiation as a fundamental Tibetan scholastic enterprise and briefly engage Ngor chen's acts of distinguishing sūtra and tantra in conversation with those of key Tibetan predecessors and contemporaries.