Caveolin-1 (Cav1) is a vital protein for many cellular processes and is involved in both the positive and negative regulation of these processes. Cav1 exists in multiple cellular compartments depending on its role. Of particular interest is its contribution to the formation of plasma membrane invaginations called caveolae and its involvement in cytoskeletal interactions, endocytosis, and cholesterol trafficking. Cav1 participates in stem cell differentiation as well as proliferation and cell death pathways, which is implicated in tumor growth and metastasis. Additionally, Cav1 has tissue-specific functions that are adapted to the requirements of the cells within those tissues. Its role has been described in adipose, lung, pancreatic, and vascular tissue and in epithelial barrier maintenance. In both the intestinal and the blood brain barriers, Cav1 has significant interactions with junctional complexes that manage barrier integrity. Tight junctions have a close relationship with Cav1 and this relationship affects both their level of expression and their location within the cell. The ubiquitous nature of Cav1 both within the cell and within specific tissues is what makes the protein important for ongoing research as it can assist in further understanding pathophysiologic processes and can potentially be a target for therapies.


The demand for convenience and the increasing role of digital technology in everyday life has fueled the use of online food delivery services (OFD's), of which young people are the largest users globally. OFD's are disrupting traditional food environments, yet research evaluating the public health implications of such services is lacking. We evaluated the characteristics and nutritional quality of popular food outlets on a market-leading platform (UberEATS®) in a cross-sectional observational study conducted in two international cities: Sydney (Australia) and Auckland (New Zealand). A systematic search using publicly available population-level data was used to identify geographical areas with above-average concentrations (>30%) of young people (15–34-years). A standardized data extraction protocol was used to identify the ten most popular food outlets within each area. The nutritional quality of food outlets was assessed using the Food Environment Score (FES) (range: −10 'unhealthiest' to 10 'healthiest'). Additionally, the most popular menu items from each food outlet were classified as discretionary or core foods/beverages according to the Australian Dietary Guidelines. The majority of popular food outlets were classified as 'unhealthy' (FES range −10 to −5; 73.5%, 789/1074) and were predominately takeaway franchise stores (59.6%, 470/789, e.g., McDonald's®). 85.9% of all popular menu items were discretionary (n = 4958/5769). This study highlights the pervasion and accessibility of discretionary foods on OFD's. This study demonstrated that the most popular food outlets on the market-leading online food delivery service are unhealthy and popular menu items are mostly discretionary foods; facilitating the purchase of foods of poor nutritional quality. Consideration of OFD's in public health nutrition strategies and policies in critical.


This review article seeks to provide additional information on bacterial endocarditis and Buccomaxillofacial Surgery and
Traumatology procedures, as well as the main microorganisms involved in this feat, risk factors, and conditions and antibiotic
prophylaxis. A bibliographic review was carried out, where scientific articles were obtained from the PubMed, Cochrane, Virtual
Health Library and Scielo databases. Studies were conducted from 2000 to 2018 and included studies from the period 2013 to 2018,
according to the descriptors: Bacterial Endocarditis-Prevalence-Prophylaxis-Bacterial, as well as the association of the terms,
searched in English, Spanish and Portuguese. A total of 189 studies were carried out to carry out the research and included 13
articles. Data were analyzed from descriptive statistics. Through information exported in these works, it can be concluded that the
best way to prevent an infective endocarditis is to know the patient by means of a well-made anamnesis, where the patient's health
history is well evaluated and thus to identify some risk, and antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for all dental patients of
imminent risk, as well as more invasive surgery and buccomaxillofacial procedures.


The theory of distributed cognition is recognised as being relevant to system analysis
and design but it has lacked visibility for practice. In this paper I develop a codified
method of analysis based on distributed cognition which provides both structure and
guidance in the use of the theory. The method developed comprises a systematic
exploration and description of three functional levels of a system, namely, the
information flow model, physical model, and artefact model. These levels are
analytically separate but integrate in modelling the propagation and transformation of
information within a system. The approach to developing this method has been
exploratory and iterative: developing the understanding of distributed cognition and
contextual study literature, with practical application to the London Ambulance Service
Central Ambulance Control room context. The application of the method to this context
reveals a number of design issues and concerns lending support to its use in these
situations. Furthermore, this paper introduces a conception of how distributed cognition
can be used to deliberate about potential design scenarios, which is a use of distributed
cognition that has been alluded to but has not been explained elsewhere. This paper
makes progress in narrowing the gap between distributed cognition theory and practice
by adding guidance through a structured codified methodology. The method provides
an accessible, practical approach to analysing team based systems using distributed
cognition.


This paper reports on the design methodology and experimental characterization of the inverse class-E power amplifier. A demonstration amplifier with excellent second and third harmonic-suppression levels has been designed, constructed, and measured. The circuit fabricated using a 1.2-mm gate-width GaAs MESFET is shown to be able to deliver 22-dBm output power at 2.3 GHz. The amplifier achieve a peak power-added efficiency of 64% and drain efficiency of 69%, and exhibits 11.6 dB power gain when operated from a 3-V supply voltage. Comparisons of simulated and measured results are given with good agreement between them being obtained. Experimental results are presented for the amplifier's response to Gaussian minimum shift keying modulation, where a peak error vector modulation value of 0.6% is measured.


Three-dimensional stacked ICs (3D-SICs) based on Through-Silicon Vias (TSVs) have many attractive benefits and hence are quickly gaining ground. Testing such products for manufacturing defects is still fraught with many challenges. This paper provides an overview of those challenges and their emerging solutions, categorized in the areas of (1) test flows, (2) test contents, and (3) test access.


Real-time vision allows the direct steering of a robotic manipulator. In this thesis we use a stereo rig mounted on an industrial robot (ABB IRB-6/2) which gives us information about the end effector position of a second robot (ABB IRB-2000/3). This second robotic manipulator performs the task of tracking a moving object, which in our case is a rolling ball. The first concern of this project is to deal with the different kinds of problems occurring in such a system. After measuring the time-delays in our system we can establish the degree in which they effect it. We can then use these results for the actual control loop. More specifically a Kalman predictor scheme is implemented to produce estimates of coordinates for requested times, based on the time delay analysis. This Kalman predictor also helps us when we have lost track of either the robotic manipulator or the rolling ball. Finally we perform the actual experiment of tracking the rolling ball. The experimental setup consists of the two robots and the stereo rig mentioned above, as well as a metallic ball rolling on a metallic board. The IRB-6 is mounted with the stereo rig and is set in a pre-decided position to be able to observe the movement of the rolling ball throughout the whole of its course. The other robotic manipulator performs the task of tracking the rolling ball, using as feedback the data received from the stereo rig. (Less)


Deposition of ITO as top transparent electrode was studied using two deposition systems with and without direct contact to working plasma; namely with conventional RF-magnetron planar (RSS) and pulsed-DC facing target sputtering systems (FTS). Test devices were made on glass substrates and consisted of (from bottom up) ITO/4 Organic Layers/ITO. Depositions were performed at low deposition powers; 30 and 60 watts, to reduce damages by energetic sputtered particles to underlying organic layers. Test devices from both sputtering systems were found to function well. Leakage current density at -5 V reverse bias were relatively constant from 0.3 and 0.4 mA/cm2 at 30 W and 60 W in FTS, while the values were found to increase from 0.001 to 0.2 mA/cm2 at 30 W and 60 W in RSS.


The veneration of the tutelar saints of Russian tsars was very signifi cant tradition in the medieval Russian culture. Th e author studies the tradition of the worship of Russian saints princes Boris and Gleb as saint patrons of the tsar Boris Godunov (1598–1605). His close attention to these saints had an infl uence on their iconography in the art of the late 16th – early 17th century. Icons of tutelar saints of all members of the tsar's family became predominant at this time.


In this paper, the existence and stability analysis of the quaternion-valued neural networks (QVNNs) with time delay are considered. Firstly, the QVNNs are equivalently transformed into four real-valued systems. Then, based on the Lyapunov theory, nonlinear measure approach, and inequality technique, some sufficient criteria are derived to ensure the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium point as well as global stability of delayed QVNNs. In addition, the provided criteria are presented in the form of linear matrix inequality (LMI), which can be easily checked by LMI toolbox in MATLAB. Finally, two simulation examples are demonstrated to verify the effectiveness of obtained results. Moreover, the less conservatism of the obtained results is also showed by two comparison examples.


The internal quantum efficiency (IQE) and the light extraction efficiency (LEE) of a GaN-based blue light-emitting diode (LED) are evaluated separately in the temperature range between 20 to 80 °C. The theoretical IQE model based on the carrier rate equation of semiconductors is applied to determine the IQE and the LEE separately from a measured external quantum efficiency (EQE) versus current relation for the LED sample. While the peak EQE of the measured sample decreases by 3.2 % as the temperature increases from 20 to 80 °C, it is found that the peak IQE decreases by 4.5 % and the LEE increases by 1.5 %.


The renneting properties of heat treated milk depend on the intensity of heating as well as on the amount of individual proteins involved in the rennet gel matrix formation. Increased amount of casein leads to an enhanced gel formation while increased amount of whey proteins impairs rennetability of milk. Hence, the rennet properties of UHT-heated milk can be modified either by removing whey proteins or by increasing the casein content in cheese milk by means of ultrafiltration, microfitration or by a combination of both processes in a diafiltration mode. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different casein/whey proteins ratios on the renneting properties of UHT treated skim milk. For this reason the casein and whey protein contents were varied between 3.0 and 6.4 % and 0.02 and 0.65 %, respectively. Rennet coagulation time and the gel firmness after 60 min were assessed as response factors and used for further optimisation of protein composition. Evaluation of the response function allowed the identification of the optimal compositional parameters concerning casein/whey proteins ratio which leads to the same renneting properties in terms of coagulation time and gel firmness as compared to those of pasteurised skim milk.


We produce giant, purely long-range helium dimers by photoassociation of metastable helium atoms in a magnetically trapped, ultracold cloud. The photoassociation laser is detuned close to the atomic 2(3)S1-2(3)P0 line and produces strong heating of the sample when resonant with molecular bound states. The temperature of the cloud serves as an indicator of the molecular spectrum. We report good agreement between our spectroscopic measurements and our calculations of the five bound states belonging to a 0(+)(u) purely long-range potential well. These previously unobserved states have classical inner turning points of about 150a(0) and outer turning points as large as 1150a(0).


Aim: The article aims to present and evaluate the costs of preventive works carried out in 16 selected longwall panels in the mines of two coal mining com- panies. The article is based on the analysis of data made available by the companies, which the author has properly prepared to enable their comparison. Introduction: Fires occurring in coal mines are one of the more frequent technical hazards. Consequently, the mine's ventilation departments are re- sponsible for carrying out preventive measures to limit and minimise the fire risk. The danger of a fire in mine workings is connected not only with the possibility of exogenic fire, which is influenced by external factors such as machine and equipment failures, short-circuits in electrical installations or the possibility of a fire on transport routes, but also with endogenic fire, which the low-temperature oxidation of coal may cause with the remains left in long- wall caving. The costs of prevention depend on the method of ventilation of the longwall faces and the coal's susceptibility to spontaneous combustion. Methodology: The costs of coal mining are very high. They are related to the increasingly difficult mining conditions, which are influenced mainly by the increasing depth of exploitation and the increase in natural and technical hazards during mining work. The costs of mining within a longwall area are usually divided into the costs of starting up the longwall, its exploitation and liquidation. Within this division, more detailed cost analyses are rarely conducted. As part of the research conducted since 2015, ways of cost assessment were developed on the basis of appropriately prepared cost tables for various natural and technical hazards occurring within the ventilation hazards presented in the example discussed in the article. Based on the analyses of unit costs of fire hazard prevention elements obtained in coal companies and the developed cost tables, the costs of prevention works were compiled. The costs of prevention works were evaluated and compared for 16 longwall faces using the elaborated indices. Conclusions: Correctly applied fire hazard prevention in hard coal mines is one of the main elements of maintaining functional safety. Costs of hazard prevention in mines were usually compared together with the costs of exploitation, longwall equipment, media and crew working days. Cost tables were developed as part of the research to allow for cost assessment and determination of fire prevention cost indices. Keywords: coal mining, fire hazard, preventive work, cost of preventive work Type of article: review article


AIMS
The purpose of the study was to demonstrate autonomic nervous system (ANS) changes associated with treatment in hypertensive patients and utilization of these measurements in practice.

METHODS
Hypertensive patients were examined before the start of treatment and after blood pressure compensation. The telemetric system VarCor PF 5 was used for non-invasive heart rate registration and automatic evaluation of heart rate variability (HRV) parameters. The supine-standing-supine test with ortho-clinostatic loading in standard conditions was used for HRV evaluation.

RESULTS
The influence of antihypertensive therapy on ANS was demonstrated in two cases. The first was a case of a responder to therapy and the second case was example of a non-responder to monotherapy regarding more therapeutic steps for blood pressure control. Different modes of results presentation are demonstrated: 3D graph, numeric form of standard parameters of HRV, computer interpretation of results by means of complex parameters and indices in numeric, graphic and verbal form with functional age calculation, cross graph of vagal activity index versus sympatho-vagal balance index was used for repeated measurements and follow-up. The increased spectral performance with augmented vagal activity and slope down of sympatho-vagal ratio are evident after blood pressure control achievement. Improvement of functional age parameter associated with blood pressure compensation is visible using a complex age-dependent parameters interpretation.

CONCLUSIONS
HRV evaluation in hypertensive patients provides new parameters for patient's examination. These parameters are influenced by both the illness itself and by pharmacotherapy. Such an approach offers more complex information about patient.


BACKGROUND
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor properties. However, despite the progress in research with C. longa, there is still a big lacuna in the information on the active principles and their molecular targets. More particularly very little is known about the role of cell cycle genes p57(kip2) and Rad9 during chemoprevention by turmeric and its derivatives especially in prostate cancer cell lines.

METHODS
Accordingly, in this study, we have examined the antitumor effect of several extracts of C. longa rhizomes by successive fractionation in clonogenic assays using highly metastatic PC-3M prostate cancer cell line.

RESULTS
A mixture of isopropyl alcohol: acetone: water: chloroform: and methanol extract of C. longa showed significant bioactivity. Further partition of this extract showed that bioactivity resides in the dichloromethane soluble fraction. Column chromatography of this fraction showed presence of biological activity only in ethyl acetate eluted fraction. HPLC, UV-Vis and Mass spectra studies showed presence three curcuminoids in this fraction besides few unidentified components.

CONCLUSIONS
From these observations it was concluded that the ethyl acetate fraction showed not only inhibition of colony forming ability of PC-3M cells but also up-regulated cell cycle genes p57(kip2) and Rad9 and further reduced the migration and invasive ability of prostate cancer cells.


Ten patients with presumed Alzheimer's disease were entered into a pilot study to evaluate the combined effects of lithium and lecithin on cognitive and behavioral parameters. The loss of patients from the study because of toxic effects of lithium was high (30%), and one patient was dropped because of an intervening illness. Of the six remaining patients who completed the study, only two showed behavioral improvement; none showed improvement on measures of cognitive functioning. The possible mechanisms of action are discussed.


A single-user receiver structure is proposed for space-time coded code-division multiple-access (CDMA) downlink in a multiuser frequency-selective channel. This structure is a two-dimensional (2-D) decision-feedback equalizer (2D-DFE) whose filters are optimized based on the MMSE criterion to mitigate noise, intersymbol interference (ISI), and multiuser interference (MUI) with a moderate complexity. By modeling the spreading codes of the interfering users as random sequences, system performance was evaluated using the Gaussian approximation. Two models for the desired user's spreading sequence have been considered and compared. Our numerical results show that in both cases the 2D-DFE exhibits significant performance improvement over the standard space-time coded RAKE, especially in interference-limited conditions. It is also observed that the gain obtained by using DFE in a MISO channel is less that in a SISO channel and this problem can be solved by providing diversity at the receiver.


Women, Wisdom, and Witness: Engaging Contexts in Conversation. Edited by Rosemary R Carbine and Kathleen J. Dolphin. Collegeville, Minn.: Liturgical Press, 2012. xx + 292 pp. $34.95 (paper).This book follows the genre of feminist writings over the last four decades-an anthology of topical articles by women scholars. It differs in a number of ways, however. There are new voices here, a new generation of Roman Catholic women rather than the well-known founders of feminist discourse in theology. At the same time, the book celebrates the old and the new by including at the beginning of each of the three sections an excerpt from the very first Madaleva Lecture by Monika Hellwig.This connection with the Madaleva Lectures and the Center for Spirituality at St. Marys College, Notre Dame, Indiana further contributes to the books uniqueness. In addition to the annual Madaleva Lectures, inaugurated in 1985 with Hellwigs lecture, for the last ten years the Center for Spirituality has sponsored the New Voices Seminar in conjunction with the lecture. The purpose of the New Voices Seminar is "to provide an opportunity for women scholars, particularly those who are at a relatively early stage of their career, to share energetic conversations with each other, to learn from the wisdom of more experienced women scholars, and to create a supportive community of women academics" (pp. ix-x). This book is dedicated to Monika Hellwig (d. 2005) and celebrates the tenth anniversary of the New Voices Seminar.Though the book emerges from the women who have participated in this seminar, it is not merely a reportage of presentations from a conference. This, presumably, gave the editors the chance to select topics and authors in a way that could form a whole. At the same time, the book does reflect a community of dialogue from within a group of women with a shared history. The book's format reflects this history and this approach; the grounding of the work in Hellwigs lecture at the beginning of each section is rounded off with a conversation among the authors, facilitated by yet another scholar, at the end of each section. The book mirrors the dialogical format of the seminars and allows the authors to interact, discover new insights, and draw conclusions while the reader "listens in."As mentioned, the book is divided into three sections. Section I, "Women's Experience in Context," focuses on suffering and resistance. The second section, "Women s Wisdom in Context," examines academia and higher education. …


A diagnostic procedure which employs x-ray photography with the aid of thorotrast as a contrast material, has been used to study the growth and regression of a human tumor transplanted into cortisone-treated mice. The procedure allows for the satisfactory visualization of the vasculature of the growing heterotransplant. After the third day of transplantation, tumor inocula growing in cortisone-conditioned mice can be readily distinguished from inflammatory host reactions which develop in mice not treated with cortisone.

Use of the technic has suggested that the effects of actinomycin D against H.Ep. #3 transplants are not related to interference with the development of a satisfactory tumor bed vasculature.


Subsidence water disaster has become a major problem to the ecological environment because of the submerged villages, farmland destruction, and ecological destructive changes in the mining subsidence area of high-water level. Taking the 1031 working face of Wugou Coal Mine in China, as the research subject, (1) a three-dimensional (3D) spatial information dynamic prediction method was proposed for high-water-level coal mining subsidence areas by combining the Knothe time function based on the probability integration method (PIM) and the principle of water balance. (2) The dynamic evolution law of the water accumulation area in the high-water-level coal mining subsidence area was studied. (3) The applicability of the dynamic prediction model of the water accumulation range in the high-water-level coal mining subsidence area was verified. The results showed that the dynamic prediction of the 3D spatial information of the high diving area is highly accurate and can be suitable for the dynamic prediction by comparison with the results of remote sensing monitoring and field measurement. As a result, technical reference and theoretical basis for the comprehensive assessment and remediation of the ecological environment of the high diving mining subsidence area were proposed.


A theory is presented for propagation of electromagnetic waves concentrated in the vacuum-gap sheath region separating a plane conductor from a cold magnetoplasma. The applied static magnetic field is parallel to the conductor and in the direction of wave propagation. The theory predicts propagation at all frequencies between zero and the upper-hybrid frequency divided by √2. Experimental results are reported in which resonances caused by the wave reflection at the end of a thin cylindrical antenna aligned with the magnetic field are used to determine the sheath-wave dispersion relation. The effect of the antenna bias, plasma density and antenna diameter on the dispersion relation are studied experimentally and the results are compared with the plane-surface theory. In spite of the difference between the theoretical and experimental geometries, qualitative agreement is noted with respect to variations in magnetic field, plasma density, sheath thickness and antenna radius. The prediction that the presence of an applied magnetic field raises the upper sheath wave cutoff frequency has been confirmed experimentally, as well as the prediction that the presence of the sheath allows propagation above the cyclotron frequency. In particular, both theory and experiment show the existence near the cyclotron frequency of a special frequency at which the sheath-wave wave number is independent of the plasma density.


Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a disease affecting 1–2 % of the population. Due to its episodic behavior, it is usually detected using Holter recordings. While various AF detection methods have been described in the past, it still remains problematic because holter recordings may contain other arrhythmias (OA) and, moreover, they may be influenced by patient movements. In accordance with the Physionet Challenge 2017, we propose an autonomous and robust method of distinguishing between pathological and normal recordings. First, QRS complexes are identified using envelograms (8–25 Hz and 70–90 Hz). Detected QRS complexes are clustered into morphology groups using a raw ECG signal. If too many morphology groups are produced or less than four QRS complexes are detected, the process is aborted and the recording is considered too noisy. Next, a median shape for the first and the second morphological group of QRS complexes is built. Features are extracted from averaged shapes, from the rhythm of major morphology QRS complexes, from QRS correlation to template shapes and from the convolutional neural network. 277 features are fed into the neural network, resulting in three outputs. The 120 most important features, as well as outputs from the neural network, are fed into a bagged tree ensemble. Machine-learning algorithms and logical rules were trained using 8,138 files from a reduced training set. The resultant F1 score measured using hidden test set (3,658 recordings) was 0.81 (normal 0.91, AF 0.80, OA 0.74).


BackgroundPolicymakers anticipated COVID-19 would overwhelm the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK with particular concern about critical care capacity. In March 2020, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published guidance for clinicians treating people with COVID-19, which used the concept of frailty in its decision-making matrix for the care of people over the age of 65.MethodsThis research paper uses a Foucauldian theoretical approach to explore how the rationing of medical care for older people by frailty score was justified and operationalised in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. We present a Critical Discourse Analysis of this guidance and the supporting online resources.ResultsAnalysis shows in the guidance, the Clinical Frailty Score is merchandised as a quick and easy-to-use technology which reduces social and physical complexity into a clinical score. This process makes older people knowable within the biomedical sphere and allows them to be stratified based on frailty score. This is justified through epidemiological discourses of risk, merged with the language of individual mortality prediction. This facilitates the allocation of resources along the lines of CFS score. We discuss this proceduralisation of CFS alongside a growing body of research that problematises its application in resource allocation and frailty studies.DiscussionWe argue that the continuing dominance of frailty effectively obfuscates the concept's limitations and ambiguities, the ageism implicit in the response to COVID-19 in the UK, and the relative resource scarcity facing the UK's NHS.


Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) belongs to the family Urticaceae. It grows in the wild form in Asia, Europe, North America and North Africa. Stinging nettle is also a widespread ruderal plant found in Poland. Urtica dioica L., as a plant rich in biologically active compounds, is considered one of the most important plants used in phytotherapy. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated its antioxidant, antiplatelet, hypoglycaemic and hypocholesterolemic properties. Research conducted in recent years indicates the possibility of using nettle in chemoprevention, diabetes, benign prostatic hyperplasia and urologic diseases.


In this study, the unsteady free convection magnetohydrodynamical flow of a viscous, incompressible, and electrically conducting fluid between two horizontally directed slipping plates is considered. The external magnetic filed is applied uniformly in the y‐direction and the fluid is assumed to be of low conductivity so that the induced magnetic field is negligible. So the relevant variables, that is, the velocity and the temperature, depend only on one coordinate, the y‐axis. The governing equations of velocity and temperature fields are obtained from the continuity, momentum, and energy equations. The boundary conditions for the velocity are taken in the most general form as Robins type which contain slipping parameter. Moreover, the upper plate is heated exponentially and the lower plate is adiabatic. Finite difference method (FDM) is used to simulate the numerical solutions of the problem in which the explicit forward difference in time variable t and central difference in space variable y is used. Hartmann number, Prandtl number, decay factor, and slipping parameter influences on the flow and temperature are shown graphically. It is seen that as the Hartmann number increases, the velocity magnitude drops, which is the well‐known flattening tendency of the MHD flow. Also, the increase in decay factor causes an increase in both the velocity and temperature magnitudes at increasing time levels, but it does not change further close to the steady‐state. Furthermore, the convergence and stability conditions of the considered scheme are obtained in terms of Hartmann number, Prandtl number, and the slip length.


U4 snRNA is phylogenetically highly conserved and organized in several domains. To determine the function of each of the domains of human U4 snRNA in the multi-step process of snRNP and spliceosome assembly, we used reconstitution procedures in combination with snRNA mutagenesis. The highly conserved 5' terminal domain of U4 snRNA consists of the stem I and stem II regions that have been proposed to base pair with U6 snRNA, and the 5' stem-loop structure. We found that each of these structural elements is essential for spliceosome assembly. However, only the stem II region is required for U4-U6 interaction, and none of these elements for Sm protein binding. In contrast, the 3' terminal domain of U4 snRNA containing the Sm binding site is dispensable for both U4-U6 interaction and spliceosome assembly. Our results support an organization of the U4 snRNP into multiple functional domains, each of which acts at distinct stages of snRNP and spliceosome assembly.


We sought objectively to measure, summarize, and contextualize the asthma triggers found in the homes of urban high-risk Puerto Rican children and adolescents with asthma in Chicago. Data were from the baseline home assessments of Project CURA. Research assistants interviewed caregivers, conducted a home visual inspection, and collected saliva samples for cotinine analysis. A trigger behavior summary score was created. The housing inspected was old with multiple units and obvious structural deficiencies. Many allergic and irritant triggers were observed. Having a controller medicine or private insurance was associated with lower trigger behavior summary scores; caregiver depression, caregiver perceived stress, and child negative life events were associated with high trigger scores. The final multivariate model retained had a controller medicine, private insurance, and caregiver perceived stress. The data from this high-risk cohort identified modifiable areas where environmental interventions could reduce morbidity in Puerto Rican children and adolescents.


Background : Chronic HIV infection is associated with renal complications including renal dysfunction. Risk factors found in literature for kidney disease in the HIV population include hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, low CD4 count, high viral load, hepatitis C virus co-infection, hypoalbuminemia, a family history of CKD, black race, and nephrotoxic drugs. The 2016 Zambian Consolidated guidelines for the prevention and treatment of HIVrecommends use of a kidney disease screening algorithm to guide choice of a cART regimen in the absence of serum creatinine. Despite using the Kidney disease screening algorithm, the risk factors listed in this algorithm have not been validated in our HIV-infected population. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of renal dysfunction and validate the risk factors listed in the kidney disease screening algorithm in the ARTnaive HIV-infected adults. General objective : To determine the prevalence of renal dysfunction and associated risk factors in ART naive HIV infected adults at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka. Methods : This was a cross sectional analytical study with 360 participantsenrolled. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Blood and urine samples were collected for creatinine, CD4 count, HIV-1 viral load, serum albumin, hepatitis B surface antigen, Hepatitis C antibody, Random blood sugar, and urinalysis.Data was entered onto a Microsoft office excel spread sheet, and analyzed using STATA version 13.We investigated the association between the dependent variable and each independent variable. Results : The prevalence of renal dysfunction was 24.76%. The overall mean age for the sample population was 36.62 years comprising more females (54.63%) than males. Hypertension OR=2.63, (95% CI 1.11, 6.12) was the only factor found to be predictive of renal dysfunction. Conclusion : We recommend routine screening for hypertension in HIV cART naive individuals and those found to be hypertensive should be further investigated for renal dysfunction prior to initiation of cART. Keywords : HIV infection, Renal dysfunction, Kidney dysfunction, Risk factors, ARTnaive


Dear Editor,We read with great interest, the article titled "Evaluation of treatments for Bartholin's cyst or abscess: A systematic review" by authors BJG Illingworth K Stocking M Showell E Kirk JMN Duffy Published in BJOG volume 127, issue 6, May 2020. The article was particularly relevant owing to the fact that Bartholin's Abscess is a common gynaecological presentation which we encounter regularly in clinical practice.Whilst this article provided some insight into the various techniques for managing Bartholin's Abscess around the world[1] , there were a few points that we would like to raise. It was not unexpected that the meta-analysis finally concluded that no single technique was superior to the others. This may very well have been due to the different criteria used by these studies to assess the effectiveness of the procedure. Since the failure or success of any technique is largely based on the effect on the quality of life and perception of the outcome by the patient, it may have been more prudent to compare different surgical interventions in terms of patient acceptance, overall satisfaction and long term outcome. Also this analysis compiled data from countries where health services are provided by the private and /or the government sector where the financial incentives for performing procedures vary widely [1] . The article does not elaborate on the proportion of patients who had received pharmacological treatment for varying durations prior to these surgical interventions, which undoubtedly may have influenced the outcome[1]. The analysis also does not include any study where marsupialization was performed under local anaesthetic which may be equally if not more effective than the word catheter at equal cost. In the light of current pandemic situation that the whole world is facing, expertise into minimally more invasive gynaecological procedures to be performed in office setting would also be a key point of consideration. We look forward to the authors comments on these factors.Piyushi Sharma,1 Thangamma Katimada-Annaiah,1 Montasser Mahran,1 Dilip Patil,1 Elvyna Lim,1 Joseph Nattey,1 Tarley Davies1Bedford Hospital NHS TrustReferences1. Illingworth BJG, Stocking K, Showell M, Kirk E, Duffy JMN. Evaluation of treatments for Batholin's Cyst or abscess: A systematic Review. BJOG 2020;127:671-678


This study tends to examine the mediating role of business process capabilities and organizational learning in order to validate the KM practices driven performance. A mediating model is proposed and confirmatory factor analysis is performed through structural equation modeling to assess the overall measurement model. The results of the study confirm that KM practices have positive and significant association on overall performance of firms and as well intermediate measures (business process capability and organizational learning) have positive and significant connection with KM practices and overall performance of firms. Further, the results of the study reveal that KM practices are partially rooted through business process capabilities and completely mediated by organizational learning. It suggests that both intermediate measures are complementary for KM practices driven performance more specifically the organizational learning. The results of the study postulate that KM practices provide foundation to KM-driven performance, where business process capability and organization learning are two important drivers for value creation process. An organization has bundle of knowledge resources and capabilities, so it should dedicate its efforts to identify and implement more KM practices as well for the improvement of business process capabilities and organizational learning to better realized KM-oriented performance.


We present a fast synchrotron X-ray tomography study of the packing structures of rods with different aspect ratios. Utilizing the high flux of the X-rays generated from the third-generation synchrotron source, we can complete a high-resolution tomography scan within a short period of time, after which the three-dimensional (3D) packing structure can be obtained for the subsequent structural analysis. The image phase-retrieval procedure has been implemented to enhance the image contrast. We systematically investigated the effects of particle shape and aspect ratio on the structural properties including packing density and contact number. It turns out that large aspect ratio rod packings will have wider distributions of free volume fraction and larger mean contact numbers.


Info 2022 This research was aimed to capture the practice of foodservice management and food acceptance for change unbalance dietary intake children in a fullday Elementary School. School meal food service management is a program for students to improve the nutrition intake An observation form, along with an in-depth interview was used to explore food production practice. Quantitative data on food satisfaction as well as food waste was also measured. Observation in food service management explained that low food acceptance was mainly found in vegetable products. The food quality, especially in taste and texture, became the determinant of the high vegetable food waste. Improving food service management production procedures, including menu planning and evaluation, procurement, preparation, and cooking, could be a promising strategy to increase food acceptance and to reduce food


We propose a simple yet accurate method for dependency parsing that treats parsing as tagging (PaT). That is, our approach addresses the parsing of dependency trees with a sequence model implemented with a bidirectional LSTM over BERT embeddings, where the "tag" to be predicted at each token position is the relative position of the corresponding head. For example, for the sentence John eats cake, the tag to be predicted for the token cake is -1 because its head (eats) occurs one token to the left. Despite its simplicity, our approach performs well. For example, our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art method of (Fernández-González and Gómez-Rodríguez, 2019) on Universal Dependencies (UD) by 1.76% unlabeled attachment score (UAS) for English, 1.98% UAS for French, and 1.16% UAS for German. On average, on 12 UD languages, our method with minimal tuning performs comparably with this state-of-the-art approach: better by 0.11% UAS, and worse by 0.58% LAS.


In this paper, the reflection and transmission of plane waves are examined from a complex potential. Such potentials have the property of absorbing wave packets incident on them and are used widely in time‐dependent quantum scattering theory. The purpose of the study is to determine the optimal form of potential to be used for absorbing wave packets near the edges of finite grids in coordinate space. The best potentials for such purposes lead to the minimum possible transmission and reflection of the incident wave packet. The Jeffreys–Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (JWKB) theory is used to address this problem and a new form for the optimal complex potential is proposed. A scaled dimensionless form of the Schrodinger equation is also derived, so that the parameters of any optimized potential obtained for a particular collision energy and mass combination may be readily converted to apply to a new set of masses and energies.


We report a bilayer-like electron-beam lithographic process to obtain three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures by using only a single hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) resist layer. The process utilizes the short penetration depth of low-energy (1.5 keV) electron irradiation to first obtain a partially cross-linked HSQ top layer and then uses a high-voltage electron beam (30 keV) to obtain self-aligned undercut (e.g. mushroom-shaped) and freestanding HSQ nanostructures. Based on the well-defined 3D resist patterns, 3D metallic nanostructures were directly fabricated with high fidelity by just depositing a metallic layer. As an example, Ag-coated mushroom-shaped nanostructures were fabricated, which showed lower plasmon resonance damping compared to their planar counterparts. In addition, the undercut 3D nanostructures also enable more reliable lift-off in comparison with the planar nanostructures, with which high-quality silver nanohole arrays were fabricated which show distinct and extraordinary optical transmission in the visible range.


Background: Lymphomas of the cranial vault are rare and are often misdiagnosed preoperatively as presumptive meningioma with extracranial extension. Case Description: A 58-year-old woman was referred and admitted to our department with a rapidly growing subcutaneous mass over the right frontal forehead of 2 months' duration. The mass was approximately 13 cm at its greatest diameter, elevated 3 cm above the contour of the peripheral scalp, and attached to the skull. Neurological examination showed no abnormalities. Skull X-rays and computed tomography showed preserved original skull contour despite the large extra and intracranial tumor components sandwiching the cranial vault. Digital subtraction angiography showed a partial tumor stain with a large avascular area. Our preoperative diagnostic hypothesis was meningioma. We performed a biopsy and histological findings were characteristic of a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. A very high preoperative level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (5390 U/mL; received postoperatively) also suggested lymphoma. The patient received chemotherapy but died of disease progression 10 months after the biopsy. Conclusion: Several preoperative features of the present case are clues to the correct diagnostic hypothesis of cranial vault diffuse large B-cell lymphoma rather than meningioma, including a rapidly growing subcutaneous scalp mass, poor vascularization, and limited skull destruction relative to the size of the soft-tissue mass.


Ranalexin, a 20-residue peptide isolated from the skin of the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana displays antimicrobial activity. This peptide contains two cysteine residues in positions 14 and 20 linked by a disulphide bridge. Ranalexin was chemically synthesised and close antimicrobial activities were measured for the reduced and oxidised forms. The solution structure of ranalexin was determined by using circular dichroism, proton NMR spectroscopy and molecular modelling techniques. The reduced and oxidised forms of ranalexin are mainly unstructured in water but display an alpha-helical structure spanning residues 8-15 and 8-17, respectively, in a trifluoroethanol/water mixture (3:7, by vol.). Ranalexin was found to interact with micelles of dodecylphosphocholine and to adopt a similar helical structure. Moreover, slow-exchanging amide protons located on the same side of the helix suggest that the hydrophobic face of the helix lies on the micelle surface. Hydrophobic residues of the poorly structured N-terminal part which are important for the biological activity are also involved in the interaction with micelles. Taken together, the results suggest that the disulphide bond does not strongly affect either the conformation or the antimicrobial activity of ranalexin.


Traditionally a few limb proportions or total limb lengths have been regarded as indicative of peak running velocity. This is due to physical principles (inferred in- and outvelocities around the joints, stride lengths) and also the observation that fast-moving animals tend to share a number of purported key features which are either absent or not developed to near the same extent in slower moving forms. Previous studies have shown hind limb length and metatarsus/femur ratio to be correlated significantly, albeit modestly with running speed. These studies have nearly all been bivariate analyses. Based on the physical principles, there is reason to suppose that more variables than just m/f ratio could be important as adaptations for fast locomotion, and also that bivariate analyses are too simple. In this study a sample of 76 running mammals was used, with running speeds taken from literature. A number of osteological parameters were discovered to covary significantly with peak running speed, albeit only modestly. Using the information from phylogeny reduced all correlations, often significantly so. Multivariate analyses resulted in markedly higher correlation coefficients. Animals probably do not optimize their anatomy for the purpose of running very fast, which occurs only on rare occasions, but for reducing costs of locomotion. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2002, 136, 685–714.


This paper is an attempt to understand the interest rate adjustments made by the Indian commercial banks in accordance with central bank adjustments. The process followed is that of building a reaction function with respect to base rate of a bank. The findings of the study show that focusing on the base rate fixation by State Bank of India in different quarters, the base rate in the immediate past quarter, the current as well as the net interest income of the past few quarters and provisioning for loan losses in the current quarter plays a significant role in their decisions on base rate adjustments. The implications of the findings of the present study for policy makers is significant as the good health of the banking sector with minimal amount of nonperforming assets will impart the much needed flow to monetary transmission in India.


Background. Henoch-Schonlein Purpura nephropathy (HSPN) recurrence in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) has been reported in 35% of patients, leading in 11% of these patients to graft loss at 5 years. However, its true incidence is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate this recurrence incidence using routine allograft biopsies (RBs). Methods. All RTRs with biopsy-proven HSP initial nephropathy were included (13 RTRs and 18 renal transplantations). At transplantation, the median age was 34 years, and 85% of RTRs were men. Overall, we analyzed 66 RBs that were routinely performed at 3 and 12 months after RT and when clinically indicated. Histologic recurrence was defined as the presence of IgA deposits within the mesangium and along the glomerular capillary walls. Results. After a median follow-up of 83 months (range, 13–232 months; interquartile range, 26–235 months), histologic recurrence was detected in 69% of patients and in 61% of grafts after a mean period of 24 months (range, 1–156 months). Clinical or biological signs were absent in all but one. Patient survival was 92.8%. Graft loss occurred in five cases, never were related to recurrence. At the last follow-up, the mean glomerular filtration rate was 48±14.2 mL/min/1.73 m2; in patients with and without recurrence, the mean rates were 52.1±17.5 and 42.4±5.3 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively (P=0.27). Conclusion. Histologic recurrence of HSPN after RT is frequently observed on routine RBs but is not associated with clinical consequences. The short-term prognosis of recurrence is good, but its long-term prognosis remains to be determined.


Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM), particularly type 2 DM (T2DM), is one of the most common metabolic disorder worldwide. The prevention measures and treatment strategies for DM are improving steadily. The current study explains the impact of germination on phytochemical content of Thai black rice (BR), and the influence of germinated BR extract (GBRE) supplementation on diabetic conditions in rats. Methods: BR was germinated and the phenolic, anthocyanin, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content of the extract were analyzed using HPLC and spectrophotometric methods. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were supplemented with high and low doses of GBRE. The plasma glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglyceride levels, antioxidant status, and antioxidant enzyme levels of treated animals were assessed using ELISA and spectrophotometric methods. Results: Germination enhanced the GABA content of BR, and GBRE intervention improved the total antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzymes levels in diabetic rats. The plasma glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride levels, insulin resistance and glucose tolerance were reduced, and the degree of insulin secretion in rat plasma was significantly increased upon GBRE treatment. Both pre and post-treatment approaches showed the anti-diabetic ability of GBRE. In most of the analyzed parameters, GBRE was quite equal to the performance of drug-metformin. Conclusions: GBRE supplementation helps prevent and manage the consequences of DM.


Levels of glutathione were measured for different cell types in roots of intact Arabidopsis seedlings after labelling with monochlorobimane to give fluorescent glutathione S‐bimane (GSB) and imaging using confocal laser scanning microscopy with excitation at 442 nm. Labelling increased to a plateau in most cell types after about 15–20 min and the GSB accumulated rapidly in the vacuole. Formation of GSB in the cytoplasm was not affected by treatment with sodium azide; however, vacuolar transport of GSB was substantially inhibited under these conditions. We infer that vacuolar sequestration was mediated by a tonoplast glutathione S‐conjugate pump. Quantitative estimates of the cytoplasmic glutathione concentration involved correction for the loss in fluorescence signal with depth into the specimen using an empirically determined model derived in situ from a permeabilized root. Correction for the dilution experienced on transport into the vacuole also required an estimate of the amount of cytoplasm present in each cell type. This was achieved in two stages: first, the levels of protein were mapped after fixation, permeabilization and labelling with fluroescein isothiocyanate. Second, the corresponding cytoplasmic volume was determined as 40% for epidermal cells in the elongation zone by manual segmentation of the cytoplasm in serial optical sections. Values of relative cytoplasmic volume for other cells were extrapolated in proportion to their protein content. Using this approach, cytoplasmic glutathione concentrations were found to be 2–3 mm in most cell types. There was a marked difference between the central cells and the neighbouring, rapidly dividing initials, and between the columella cells and the outermost cells of the root cap. In the latter case, the difference was equalized in the presence of azide. This might indicate that additional cell–cell movement and preferential sequestration of GSB can occur during the detoxification process in an intact system.


Purpose: To report a case of intermediate cystinosis with an atypical presentation in which a delayed non-treatment decision has been proved right over a large period of time. Methods: This is a unique case report of a patient who underwent full ophthalmologic evaluations including anterior chamber optical coherence tomography on a regular basis during a 7-year follow-up period. Results: A 30-year-old woman with photophobia was being studied by the Department of Nephrology with a suspicion of Alport syndrome. Slit-lamp examination showed iridescent deposits throughout the corneal anterior stroma and the inferior tarsal conjunctiva bilaterally. Anterior chamber optical coherence tomography showed stromal hyperreflectivity. CTNS gene was found to be positive for c.416C>T (Ser139Phe) mutation. The patient was offered oral and topical cysteamine which was refused. After a period of 5 years of follow-up, general health status remained stable, corneal disease showed no progression and photophobia complaints diminished. However, the patient was advised to start systemic and topical cysteamine because of the unknown development of the disease. Conclusion: In this reported case, a delayed non-treatment decision has been proved right contrary to published evidence of active treatment of photophobia. The decision whether to treat or not to treat corneal involvement of the disease is not straightforward. Besides biomicroscopic evaluations, patients' complaints and expectations should be taken into account.


Background This case study was undertaken in Ireland as part of the European DEterminants of DIet and Physical Activity (DEDIPAC) Knowledge Hub. Two national interventions were chosen based on predetermined selection criteria: a Healthy Eating Programme (HEP) to encourage primary schoolchildren to consume more fruit and vegetables, and a Travel to School Programme, (TSP) to promote sustainable modes of transport, car-pooling and public transport use in primary and secondary schools. The HEP is EU and government funded, the TSP entirely government funded. TSP adopts a flexible approach where schools can set their travel targets. School coordinators (teachers) cascade both programmes to classroom teachers. Methods Seven of eight schools invited to participate based on predetermined criteria took part in the study. Face-to-face interviews (n=15) were conducted with teachers, project managers and key stakeholders using a topic guide developed by the international DEDIPAC team and informed by a prior systematic umbrella review of conditions influencing implementation. Data were coded in NVIVO using a common categorization matrix and thematic analysis carried out using parameters of the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) evaluation framework. Results Good working relationships were critical to adoption, successful implementation and sustainability in line with findings from case studies in other EU countries. Organisational and leadership ability of coordinators was key to successful delivery. Incentives and rewards acted as motivators to engage children's interest, which motivated teacher and parent involvement. Particular challenges faced by the TSP included a lack of funding security and timetable constraints within secondary schools. HEP was based on well-funded external research with clearly defined core components and has been frequently externally evaluated. TSP core components were broad rather than specific, implementation was flexible and there was a lack of agreement among stakeholders on how targets were set and the accuracy of these. Conclusion Good relationships, organisational and leadership ability, and secure funding were key conditions for implementation, sustainability and dissemination of promising public health interventions. The findings have informed the DEDIPAC-KH Pan European Toolbox set up for researchers and practitioners who want to develop, evaluate or implement multicomponent interventions on physical activity, sedentary behaviour or dietary behaviour.


Hospital mergers challenge basic assumptions about the effects of market power in the health care industry. Antitrust courts have struggled with claims that hospital mergers may in fact reduce costs and lower prices. This Article assesses the validity of these economic claims in the context of an industry that has undergone radical transformations in recent years. The Article also explores how such arguments should be treated as a matter of antitrust doctrine in an area of the law that relies heavily on market share presumptions and rule-based decision making. The economics of hospital mergers directly challenge core antitrust beliefs: the belief that competition will efficiently allocate resources along price and non-price dimensions, and the belief that competition will lower prices. The resolution of these issues will have implications for antitrust law that extend far beyond the health care field. The Article contends that courts should employ a total welfare standard of merger review and attempt to directly assess the value of non-price competition. The Article further argues that courts should avoid focusing exclusively on consumer surplus and should reject hospital overtures to entertain a variety of non-economic justifications for merger.


One of the basic questions, that are remaining unsolved, in spite of long-term theoretical, methodological and practical experiences in and outside planning, is without any doubt question of the nature and signi. cance of regional disparities. In contribution we would like to draw attention to some contradictions, caused by understanding of region, regional development, regional planning and by emphasizing regional disparities as one of those elements, which are unconditionally argumentation for regional planning actions.


Objective: Delineate race and gender variations in cardiovascular disease associated with lung cancer and hospitalization cost of Tennessee lung cancer patients in 2008. Methods: We examined Tennessee Hospital Discharge Database for2008 for patients (aged 20+) discharged with a primary diagnosis of lung cancer (LC). The LC patient sample (n= 6665) included black males (BM; n=494), white males (WM; n=3286), black females (BF; n=387); and white females (WF; n=2498). For each patient, we extracted data on cardiovascular risk factors and hospitalization costs for the entire year of 2008. Age-adjusted hospitalization rate for lung cancer (LC) per 100K 2000 US population for white and black as well as male & female groups were developed per CDC methodology. To delineate CVD risk factors, multivariate logistic models were used for each group separately to determine CVD risk factors of LC. Results: Our analyses revealed four major trends: (i) Age-adjusted LC rates were higher for blacks and males compared to white and females; (ii) LC patients had an average of 3 co-morbid conditions which varied from 3 conditions among WM, to 2.86 among BF, 2.75 among BM, and 2.70 among WF; (iii) Regression analyses revealed COPD predicted LC for all four groups. In addition, BM had cardiac arrhythmia and high cholesterol, The same factors were associated with LC among both WM and WF. Among BF, hypertension and COPD predicted higher rates of LC; and (iv) hospitalization cost for the year was highest among BF ($97,085) and lowest among WF ($66,758). Among males, the cost was higher among BM compared to WM ($91,384 vs. 71,716, p Conclusion: Lung cancer rates and hospitalization costs are higher for blacks. While males have higher LC rate compared to females, the hospitalization costs are similar among them. COPD, cardiac arrhythmia, and high cholesterol are CVD factors that are associated with lung cancer and need to be aggressive managed through intensive population-based education programs in the minority populations. Citation Format: Baqar Husaini, Rebecca Selove, Elizabeth Williams, Meggan Novotny, Janice Emerson, Van Cain, Margaret Whalen, Robert Levine. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and hospitalization costs among lung cancer patients: Examining the effect of race and gender. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Seventh AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 9-12, 2014; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015;24(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A87.


The performance of the minimum mean squared error (MMSE) based adaptive multiuser detection (MUD) of direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS-CDMA) signals in dispersive and non-dispersive channels is considered. DS-CDMA is a popular multiple-access technology for wireless communication. However its performance is limited by multiple-access interference (MAI) and multipath distortion. Adaptive techniques for detection of DS-CDMA signals improves the performance of the CDMA system by reducing interference among users by employing two major types of adaptive technique called least mean squares (LMS) and recursive least square (RLS) in non-dispersive channels. In this paper the diversity scheme called maximum ratio combining (MRC) as preprocessor to the adaptive MMSE detector of DS-CDMA system in dispersive channel is introduced. Simulations have proved its better performance compared with the conventional Match Filter detector, performing nearly as well as single user case.


Background: The evaluation of endurance preparation of MTB cyclists in conditions corresponding to the specificity of routes of World Championship (WCh) and Olympic Games (OG) is very difficult. Treadmill cycling trials are used in order to make working conditions similar to the conditions of a race (Miller et al. 2014 J. Sci. Cycling 3(2) 85). The choice of an optimal tactics to be used on the whole distance is conditioned by information about the effectiveness of energetic sources in the course of an MTB cyclist's interval effort of 90-135 min, in which aerobic metabolism is the dominant one. (Impellizzeri, Marcora 2007 J.Sport Med. 37(1): 59-71) Purpose: The aim of the research was to create a trial protocol run on a treadmill corresponding to the profile of a MTB route during OG or WCh as well as to evaluate the changes of a cyclist's physiological indicators in the course of preparation to the most important sports event in the season. Methods: A female cyclists of the Polish National Team MTB XCO (28 years, 168 cm, 52 kg), a world champion who ranked second in Olympic games and an European champion, took part in the research. On the basis of the analysis of the race route in an pre-Olympic trial and the measurement of the profile of the route a trial protocol was created for treadmill Saturn (Cosmed, Germany). During effort VO2, O2/HR (K4b2, Cosmed Italy), heart rate (Polar Vantage, Finland) and blood lactate concentration (Biosen C-line, EKF Germany) were measured. The research was conducted in the preparatory and competition period. The participant made effort in time corresponding to a full MTB race, performing a round of the same profile four times. The trial constructed in this way enabled to analyze the changes of physiological changes depending on a training period and period of effort (a round). Results: Table 1 presents the description of values recorded in the preparatory and competition period during the trial. In the competition period a significant rise in the effectiveness of work was observed. Work of the same intensity were performed at a lower energetic cost. Whereas the average VO2 value was lowered during the first two rounds by 14-15%, in the third and fourth rounds this difference amounted to 20 and 28%. Such a description of changes in the second part of the route resulted from the stabilization of the average VO2 value at the level of 50-56 mlxkg-1xmin-1 in the whole distance in the competition period. In the preparatory period a significant increase in the value of this parameter in the third and fourth round of the trial (after effort of 50 min.) was observed. Heart rate was characterized by a decrease of value by udxmin-1 in the starting period. At the same time this is the parameter which has a stable value in the course of effort. A decrease in the value of O 2 /HR when there were stable differences between HR values resulted from the decrease of oxygen consumption, which in the third and fourth round caused the decrease of this parameter by almost 25% in comparison to values recorded in an earlier period. Blood lactate concentration (LA) measured after distances of the greatest steepness of slope (uphill) maintained the same stable differences (2-2.5 mmol/l) between the preparatory and competition period in rounds 1-3. The greatest difference in LA was measures in the fourth round – it amounted to 5 mmol/l. Disussion: The values and direction of changes in parameters indicated an increase in the cyclist's endurance in the analyzed training period by increasing the effectiveness of aerobic and anaerobic effectiveness (a decrease of VO2 and LA while maintaining the intensity of work). The obtained training effect enabled to change the training loads parameter in the direction of increasing the effectiveness of work in individual route sections. Modelling training loads is at first limited to the selected round or sections. Then subsequent sections are connected with each other. Conclusion: It has been proven that the diagnostics of an MTB cyclist's training on a treadmill in laboratory conditions and its usage programming an MTB training: Determining the scope of the intensity of training loads directed at developing aerobic and anaerobic endurance, Determining the volume of training loads which affect effectively various areas of a cyclist's preparation, Determining the value of effort parameters (force, speed) which can be used in the course of a sports competition.


Communication networks play a fundamental role in the response to a massive catastrophe, like an earthquake or a large-scale terrorist attack to a major urban area. In such situations, command centres must be able to rely on a fully operational communication network, for example to learn about on-going situations and allocate and guide the rescue teams. Communication is bidirectional: once in the field, these teams will feed the command centre with a more accurate view of the situation, contributing to the efficient allocation of the resources. Failures in this network, even if localised to some of the regions affected by the catastrophe, can have costs both monetary and in human lives.
 In this position paper, we propose the creation of a redundant, best-effort, emergency communication network that could serve to mitigate localised failures using off-the-shelf widespread technology. We give an overview of an architecture for a backup network, highlight the possible advantage of such an architecture to disaster management and discuss challenges that need to be overcome in realising it.


Aging of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is associated with structural and functional changes that lead to a reduction in regenerative capacity and the development of age-related peripheral neuropathy. Myelin is central to maintaining physiological peripheral nerve function and differences in myelin maintenance, degradation, formation and clearance have been suggested to contribute to age-related PNS changes. Recent proteomic studies have elucidated the complex composition of the total myelin proteome in health and its changes in neuropathy models. However, changes in the myelin proteome of peripheral nerves during aging have not been investigated. Here we show that the proteomes of myelin fractions isolated from young and old nerves show only subtle changes. In particular, we found that the three most abundant peripheral myelin proteins (MPZ, MBP and PRX) do not change in old myelin fractions. We also show a tendency for high-abundance myelin proteins other than these three to be downregulated, with only a small number of ribosome-related proteins significantly downregulated and extracellular matrix proteins such as collagens upregulated. In addition, we illustrate that the peripheral nerve myelin proteome reported in this study is suitable for assessing myelin degradation and renewal during peripheral nerve degeneration and regeneration. Our results suggest that the peripheral nerve myelin proteome is relatively stable and undergoes only subtle changes in composition during mouse aging. We proffer the resultant dataset as a resource and starting point for future studies aimed at investigating peripheral nerve myelin during aging. Said datasets are available in the PRIDE archive under the identifier PXD040719 (aging myelin proteome) and PXD041026 (sciatic nerve injury proteome).


In Text, John Mowitt writes that textuality can be understood "in terms of the interplay between what takes place within a cultural production... and what, as yet, has no place within the social". In this paper I will be trying to tease out the complicated topography produced by this interplay between what takes place and what has no place, in its specific relation to the utopic and queer spaces produced by slash fan fiction. I argue that Mowitt's understanding of the text allows us to interrogate and to reframe the relationship between textuality and historical/social context (often metaphorized as 'situatedness', fixity, location). In this way we will be able to read the utopics of slash, not as the 'no-place' of a desire free from the constraints of the social, but as a model for politically and ethically responsible textuality.


Gender disparity in education has been a perennial problem in developing countries but an economy devoid of female input lacks stability and growth. Managing education for poverty alleviation will only succeed by empowering female s through equal access to education as males. Several policies, seminars, workshops, declarations and summits have concluded that poverty alleviation and enhanced global economy can be achieved through gender equality in access to education. However, the much celebrated Millennium Declaration Goal 3 which emphasized women empowerment through education as a panacea for poverty alleviation has not achieved the desired female focus in the management of education, especially in developing countries. This review therefore examined gender inequality generally, vis-a-vis the present poverty status of females arising there from. This was with particular reference to commonwealth statistics on gender status of academic attainment beyond primary schools in the six commonwealth regions. Also women rights in politics, economics and marriage were used to portray women's low status. Further illustration using an original model of between the educated and illiterate women in terms of economic contribution to their families and nation were used to express the helpless and poverty status of uneducated women in developing countries. Arising from the poverty status, the urgent need for women empowerment through education was highlighted. Finally, some strategies in the management of education for enhanced female education to ensure gender parity and alleviate poverty on among females and empower them to contribute positively to their families and even global economic development were suggested.


Clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic 5-year follow-up was performed in our institution on 61 patients with Friedreich's ataxia. Cardiac failure was evident in 5% of the patients, and was the most common cause of death. Cardiac arrhythmias, most commonly supraventricular in origin, usually occurred together with the onset of cardiac failure and in 1 case resulted in sudden death. ST-T abnormalities were present in 91% of the cases, and were independent from other clinical parameters. On the contrary, pseudonecrotic (5%) and right ventricular hypertrophy pattern were associated with a poor prognosis. Left ventricular hypertrophy was evident at the echocardiogram in 75% of cases and remained unchanged throughout the entire follow-up period. In 1 case left ventricular hypertrophy turned to dilative cardiomyopathy. Autopsy was performed in 2 out of 4 decreased patients and revealed massive interstitial fibrosis with cellular degeneration in the absence of coronary lesions.


This research is entitled "The farmer of The trapper of Coconut sugar (A study of Existence of the Farmer of Coconut-sugar at Pageraji Village Cilongok Subdish-ict Banyumas Regency)" Notwithstanding from social and economical side income obtained from an unadvantaged effort of coconut-sugar, yet this effort still continues and many of them who persevering this job how much more the income they obtain. Whereas this research amid to give a description of social and economical condition of the taper of coconut wine farmer, to know motivation of the taper in maintaining the continuing of the effort, to know the tapers strategy of effort and to give a description of the life of the taper coconut-sugar farmer which was fatalistic. This research was conducted at Pageraji Village Cilongok Subdistrict Banyumas Regency. Whereas the target of research were farmers of the taper coconut wine as the primary targets and crowd together merchants as the support targets. The method of research used survey method with descriptive approach. The sampling technique of location used purposive sampling and taking respondent used simple random sampling. The technique of data collecting used questionnaire, interview, observation, documentation and indept interview. The source of data used contained primary data and secondary one. From the result of research and explanation, it was concluded as the following: 1. Considering social indicators of social and economic like level of education, that of income and possession status of coconut tree, the fact was that condition of social and economic of the fanners of taper were relatively low. 2. Motivation of the farmers of taper to persevere the effort of coconut-sugar was high. This was caused by the aim for fulfilling economical need which was higher and higher and there was not other alternative3. Effort strategy performed by the farmer of taper include to middle. It was caused that they penetrated certain strategy, that was improving quantity strategy only or improving quality strategy only. 4. A fatalistic notion followed by the farmer of taper included to low. It was caused by me being of uncovered attitude of the farmer of taper to the new things considered to be able to change the life condition. As regard implication could be proposed from this research was that it was necessary to improve the marketing system could decrease the farmer of tapers independence to the crowd together merchant, it was necessary to take building of the related instance to help improving the farmer taper's degree of life and it was necessary to take social and economical empowering by forming coconut-sugar cooperation


We describe how existing lexical resources were used in the development of the social science multilingual thesaurus European Language Social Science Thesaurus (ELSST) which was designed to be used for indexing and finding research data and metadata. The lexical resources of particular interest are classifications, terminologies, thesauri, and controlled vocabularies , collectively known as Knowledge Organisation Systems (KOS). We first describe the properties of these different kinds of resources, which were designed for different purposes and audiences, and then discuss specific examples of classifications, terminologies and thesauri that were used in the development of ELSST. We propose possible solutions to problems we encountered that could enhance the reusability of these resources.


This study examines the sub-synchronous oscillations (SSOs) caused by the control of a line commutated converter high-voltage, direct current (LCC HVDC) transmission line in a power system with a doubly fed induction generator for the wind power generation. The examination is based on a closed-loop interconnected model consisted of an open-loop HVDC subsystem and an open-loop subsystem of power generation. The open-loop modal coupling is the modal condition that an SSO mode of the open-loop HVDC subsystem is close to an open-loop SSO mode of the power generation subsystem on the complex plane. Analysis in the study indicates that under the condition of open-loop modal coupling, the LCC HVDC line may induce strong dynamic interactions which degrade the damping of power system SSOs. An SSO index is derived to assess the degree of damping degradation of the SSOs, which can be used to identify the SSO instability risk brought about by the control of LCC HVDC transmission line. Hence, the mechanism of why the control of LCC HVDC transmission line may cause power system SSOs is revealed from the perspective of open-loop modal coupling. Study cases are presented to demonstrate and validate the analysis and conclusions made in the study.


The Middelware Architecture helps to provide powerful real time integration between Software as a Service (SaaS) application of any Cloud with in house application like SAP, ERP. Now you can achieve that integration quickly, reliably and worryfree using through Middelware. There are many worldwide leader in ondemand or software-as-a-service (SaaS)based customer relationship management (CRM) solutions. This Companies Provide all types and sizes of Cloud Space for fully integrated, completely customizable, on-demand applications that improve key customer-facing processes across the enterprise. One of the important concerns of Middelware Architecture is that need to be addressed is to assure the customer of the integrity i.e. correctness of his data in the cloud same as ERP. KeywordsCloud Integrity, Middelware Architecture, Advance Sentinals Algorithm, XML Parsing, SOAP


Purpose of review In the era of percutaneous coronary intervention, surgeons are confronted with performing coronary artery bypass graft surgery on patients with previous balloon dilatation or stenting. This review evaluates the impact of previous percutaneous coronary intervention on patient survival and choice of optimal myocardial revascularization technique. Recent findings Aggressive atherosclerosis has been remarked in patients complicated with intrastent stenosis. Moreover, bypass grafting with venous grafts has shown an extremely high incidence of graft failure in the restenosis population due to limited nitric oxide (a natural vasodilator) production of venous grafts. The challenge is to achieve complete revascularization in an unfavourable setting (greater co-morbidities, complex coronary lesions) with a greater risk of graft occlusion. Summary The internal thoracic artery is the optimal graft for myocardial revascularization in patients with and without previous in-stent restenosis. Coronary artery reconstruction by exclusive internal thoracic artery grafting gives superior patency rates and clinical outcomes. It is the most appropriate approach for myocardial revascularization in these patients.


OBJECTIVES
Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB)-guided microwave ablation is a minimally invasive technology for treating pulmonary lesions. This study analysed the short-term safety and efficacy of ENB-guided microwave ablation in multiple pulmonary nodules (MPNs).

METHODS
This retrospective study reports a single-centre experience with ENB-guided microwave ablation for MPNs. Clinical, surgical and pathological data were obtained for patients who underwent ENB-guided microwave ablation from 23 December 2019 to 23 June 2021. The primary end points were technical safety and efficiency.

RESULTS
The study assessed 65 patients who underwent ENB-guided microwave ablation, 57 of whom simultaneously underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery. In total, 216 nodules were treated. Of 96 nodules treated by ENB-guided microwave ablation, 94 nodules had ground-glass opacity. Ablation efficiency was confirmed by hybrid cone-beam computed tomography. Of 120 nodules surgically removed, 106 nodules had ground-glass opacity. The mean nodule size was 7.9 mm in ablated nodules and 10.2 mm in resected nodules. Distance between nodules and pleura or fissure was 17.45 mm in ablated nodules and 7.29 mm in resected nodules. The overall malignancy rate was 47.7% (103/216); the complication rate was low (65 patients). At short-term follow-up, the post-ablation target zone shrank by 1 week and stabilized after 4-6 months. No local recurrence or enlargement of other pulmonary nodules was noted.

CONCLUSIONS
To treat MPNs, ENB-guided microwave ablation is safe and efficient. The combination of this treatment and video-assisted thoracic surgery is a potential application, which can preserve as much pulmonary function as possible and treat MPNs to the maximum extent.


Single-file diffusion (SFD) in finite open nanopores is characterized by nonzero spatially varying tracer diffusion coefficients within a generalized hydrodynamic description. This contrasts with infinite SFD systems where tracer diffusivity vanishes. In standard tracer counterpermeation (TCP) analysis, two reservoirs, each containing a different species, are connected to opposite ends of a finite pore. We implement an extended TCP analysis to allow the two reservoirs to contain slightly different mixtures of the two species. Then, determination of diffusion fluxes through the pore allows extraction of diffusion coefficients for near-constant partial concentrations of the two species. This analysis is applied for a lattice-gas model describing two-component SFD through a finite linear pore represented by a one-dimensional array of cells. Two types of particles, A and B, can hop only to adjacent empty cells with generally different rates, h_{A} and h_{B}. Particles are noninteracting other than exclusion of multiple cell occupancy. Results reveal generalized hydrodynamic tracer diffusion coefficients which adopt small values inversely proportional to pore length in the pore center, but which are strongly enhanced near pore openings.


A 78-year-old male who had received a dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex, Allergan, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA) 15 days back for recalcitrant diabetic macular edema in the left eye came to us for a second opinion. On examination, his corrected distance visual acuity was 20/20 in the right eye and 20/40 in the left eye. Early cataractous changes were present in both eyes. The intraocular pressure was within normal limits. The Ozurdex implant was seen lodged in the posterior cortex of the crystalline lens in the left eye, confirmed on anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) and ultrasound biomicroscopy. Fundus examination showed moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy in both eyes with macular edema and epiretinal membrane in the left eye, confirmed on OCT. The patient was noncompliant and returned after 10 months. Interestingly, the implant was still present in the same location with the same vision and anterior segment findings as before. The OCT showed a reduction in macular edema. The patient was advised regular follow-up and cataract surgery at a later date.


1. Homogenates of Propionibacterium freudenreichii transform riboflavin into 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole. This process is stimulated by nicotinamide. Homogenates of Propionibacterium shermanii form only small amounts of 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole from riboflavin in the absence of nicotinamide, but also form appreciable amounts in the presence of nicotinamide. 2. The stimulation of the 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole-forming system by nicotinamide shows a lag phase which is abolished by preincubation of the homogenate with nicotinamide. Since no lag phase is observed when nicotinamide is replaced by nicotinate, nicotinate seems to be the true stimulating agent. These observations are in agreement with the fact that nicotinamide is rapidly split to nicotinate in homogenates of P. freudenreichii. 3. The 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole-forming homogenate system is only active at a high buffer concentration (0.3--0.5 M) and in the presence of oxygen. The system has a pronounced oxygen optimum. 4. Flavin mononucleotide and flavin-adenine dinucleotide are better substrates for the 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole-forming homogenate system than riboflavin. But with [1'-14C]riboflavin as substrate the specific radioactivity of 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole is higher than the specific radioactivity of flavin--adenine dinucleotide and lower than the specific radioactivie substrate for the formation of 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole. 5. A tentative reaction sequence for the transformation of flavin mononucleotide into 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole is discussed.


The interaction of cell-adhered nanostructures with laser light has attracted much interest within the biomedical field. Molecular delivery using a variety of plasmonic nanostructures, such as structured surfaces, nanoparticles and particle clusters, is currently evolving from its proof-of-concept into a routine method. Here, gold represents the material of choice, as it provides unique optical properties, different surface modifications as well as biocompatibility. In addition, new materials (e.g. polypyrrole) provide interesting alternatives. Applying this approach, a variety of molecules, such as fluorescent dyes, proteins, antisense structures, and DNA, has been transfected in order to manipulate the cellular functions in different experimental settings. Antisense structures, for example, allow the efficient down regulation of the gene activity of a target, providing insights into the gene's function. The delivery of proteins, as executing molecules in the cell, can exhibit an immediate effect on the cell behavior, allowing a minute observation of the intracellular kinetics. Direct cell manipulation can be achieved with this approach as well. Increasing the nanoparticle concentration and/or the radiant exposure, effective cell destruction is induced. Using targeted nanoparticles (e.g. by antibody conjugation) in combination with spatially selective laser irradiation permits well-directed cell manipulation even in mixed cultures and potentially in tissues. Furthermore, excited gold nanoparticles can directly trigger cellular reactions, which can possibly be utilized for cell stimulation. The manifold possibilities of nanostructure assisted laser manipulation are still in development.


For many nuclear power plants worldwide the operation period will be extended from 40 to 60 years in the coming years. As the operation period increases the importance of knowledge of ageing mechanisms like fatigue increases. Knowledge of the influence of the environment is crucial, since environmental fatigue is a relatively new development which is a modification to the existing assessment method and has to be projected to 60 years as well.This paper is a follow up of the ASME PVP2013-97695 paper: overview of international implementation of environmental fatigue. A quantitative comparison of the resulting cumulative usage factors including environmental fatigue is made for the most commonly used and well defined methods.The comparison of the environmental fatigue codes is made on a spray nozzle of the pressurizer. This is a known fatigue relevant location with high stresses due to thermal loading. The high thermal loading is due to the spraying of relative cold water into the warm pressurizer.The comparison is made for 11 methods, sets of fatigue curves and environmental fatigue correction factors (Fen factor), and 4 types of material. The 4 materials are: low alloy, carbon, nickel alloy and austenitic stainless steel. The fatigue curves of ASME 2007, ASME 2010, KTA 1996, KTA 2013, NUREG/CR-6909 and Code Case N-792 are compared. The Fen factors are compared for the following methods: NUREG/CR-6583, NUREG/CR-5704, NUREG/CR-6909, Code Case N-792, JNES SS-0503, JNES SS-1005 and NUREG/CR-6909 rev1. Code Case N-761 is included for the final comparison of the cumulative usage factors including environmental fatigue.The differences in percentages are considerable between the different methods. For this specific case, the difference in cumulative usage factor including environmental fatigue for austenitic steels is 70 %. For nickel alloy materials the difference is 115%. For low alloy materials the difference is the highest: 267%. For carbon steels the difference in cumulative usage factor is 146%.The most conservative cumulative usage factors including environmental fatigue are ASME 2007 or KTA 1996 fatigue curves combined with the NUREG/CR-5704 (austenitic steel and nickel alloy) or NUREG/CR-6583 (low alloy and carbon steel). The next highest results are found by the Japanese methods (JNES-SS-0503 and JNES-SS-1005). The common factor for these methods, is the fatigue curve for austenitic steels as used before 2010. The lowest cumulative usage factors are obtained by implementing NUREG/CR-6909. Using the latest revision of NUREG/CR-6909 the cumulative usage factors increase slightly (about 7%). The paper shows the considerable differences of usage factors when different codes are applied to the same problem.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


MPEG-1 Layer-3, popularly known as MP3, has revolutionized the digital music domain. MP3 makes use of psychoacoustic modeling to achieve compression through the removal of perceptually irrelevant components of digital audio. The psychoacoustic model is the key element of perceptual coding and requires intensive FFT computation for calculating the frequency spectrum. This spectrum is used to compute masking thresholds. Thus, the original MP3 algorithm computes modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) and FFT parallelly. The proposed algorithm is an altemative to this. We make use of complex modified discrete cosine transform (CMDCT) of the filter-bank outputs for generating MDCT coefficients as well as the frequency spectrum. This method requires fewer computations than the original method. A novel method of window switching, based on filter-bank output is used to simplify the overall algorithm. The proposed algorithm reduces the amount of computations for MP3 encoder while retaining the audio quality.


This study aimed to develop the Japanese version of the parent report of the School Liking and Avoidance Questionnaire (SLAQ) and investigate its reliability and validity. Factor analysis revealed two structures similar to the original scale, with higher internal consistency. Significant relationships were found in the revised edition between enjoyment of school lives and school refusal to a similar degree as in a previous study. In conclusion, the results indicated the validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the parent report of the SLAQ.


Parasitic nematodes of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract remain a major threat to both human beings and livestock. The aim of this study was to document medicinal plants used in the management of intestinal parasitosis in the small ruminants and humans. Information relating to the different plants used in the treatment of human intestinal parasitosis and small ruminants was collected through an ethnobotanical survey carried out in the DONGA Department of Benin. On subjecting the traditional healers and small ruminant breeders to a questionnaire, it appears that intestinal parasitosis is manifested mainly by transit disorders (vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea). Forty-four species belonging to twenty-two families were documented and used in the treatment of intestinal parasitosis. Fabaceae is the most represented family and species common to traditional human and veterinary medicine have been reported. Khaya senegalensis was the most cited species used in the treatment of intestinal parasitosis by traditional healers (9%) and small ruminant breeders (27%). A brief review of the literature provided summary of the medicinal plants used in the treatment of intestinal parasitosis. It also made it possible to bring a resemblance between human traditional medicine and veterinary medicine.

 Key words: Intestinal parasitosis, Indigenous knowledge, Medicinal plants, Ethnobotanical survey, Benin.


A gut‐specific carboxypeptidase A gene (AeCPA) from the mosquito, Aedes aegypti, was cloned and characterized. The gene has an open reading frame that predicts a protein of 427 amino acids, 61% of which are identical to an Anopheles gambiae carboxypeptidase A sequence. AeCPA messenger RNA (mRNA) was not detected during larval and pupal development. In situ hybridization experiments indicated that AeCPA mRNA is expressed by posterior midgut epithelial cells. In sharp contrast to An. gambiae carboxypeptidase A gene expression, AeCPA mRNA accumulates to high levels only late (≈ 16–24 h) after ingestion of a blood meal. The temporal profile of AeCPA gene induction is similar to that of Ae. aegypti late trypsin, suggesting the existence of common regulatory elements.


Background and Objectives: Psychosocial factors are among the factors affecting employee productivity. Since few studies have been done in this field, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between psychosocial factors regarding productivity. Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2020 among 105 employees of a food distribution company in Ahvaz. Data collection tools included demographic information questionnaire, Copenhagen Psychosocial Factors Questionnaire (COPSOQ) and Goldsmith Hershey Productivity Questionnaire. Independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to investigate the relationship between variables. Results: The results showed that there was no significant relationship between any of the demographic variables with the score of psychosocial factors and productivity ( P >0.05). Psychosocial factor 2 has a negative and significant relationship with the average score of productivity, ability, role clarity, organizational support, motivation, feedback and credibility. And psychosocial factor 4 has a negative and significant relationship with motivation. The mean score of psychosocial factors, factor 1 and 3 showed a positive and significant relationship with the mean score of productivity, ability, role clarity, organizational support, motivation, feedback and credibility. Conclusion: Considering the role of psychosocial factors on employees' productivity, it is necessary to consider organizational interventions in order to control effective psychosocial factors. More attention to psychosocial factors in the workplace can play an effective role in the efficiency and productivity of employees and the organization.


REPORT OF A CASE A 45-year-old man presented to the dermatology clinic with a solitary papule on the right forearm that had been present for approximately 9 months. The lesion was asymptomatic and had undergone no recent change in size or appearance. The patient's general health was good, with no history of arthritis. He was receiving no medications. Physical examination revealed a 7 × 8-mm, firm, red-brown, dome-shaped papule on the volar aspect of the right forearm (Fig 1). The lesion was completely excised and histopathologic examination showed a diffuse dermal infiltrate that was circumscribed and nonencapsulated (Fig 2). Within the infiltrate were numerous large, often multinucleated cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm (Fig 3). What is your diagnosis? DIAGNOSIS: Solitary reticulohistiocytoma. DISCUSSION The reticulohistiocytoses have been divided into three clinical patterns: (1) solitary cutaneous reticulohistiocytoma; (2) multiple cutaneous reticulohistiocytomas (reticulohistiocytic granuloma); and (3) multicentric


Amazing ammonia: The molecular spin state of Ni(II) porphyrin, supported on a ferromagnetic Co surface, can be reversibly switched between spin-off (S = 0) and spin-on (S = 1) states upon coordination and decoordination of the gaseous ligand NH3, respectively (see picture). This finding clearly indicates the possible use of the system as a single-molecule-based magnetochemical sensor and in spintronics.