Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the emerging technologies of this century and its various aspects, such as the Infrastructure, Security, Architecture and Privacy, play an important role in shaping the future of the digitalised world. Internet of Things devices are connected through sensors which have significant impacts on the data and its security. In this research, we used IoT five layered architecture of the Internet of Things to address the security and private issues of IoT enabled services and applications. Furthermore, a detailed survey on Internet of Things infrastructure, architecture, security, and privacy of the heterogeneous objects were presented. The paper identifies the major challenge in the field of IoT; one of them is to secure the data while accessing the objects through sensing machines. This research advocates the importance of securing the IoT ecosystem at each layer resulting in an enhanced overall security of the connected devices as well as the data generated. Thus, this paper put forwards a security model to be utilised by the researchers, manufacturers and developers of IoT devices, applications and services.


The authors present a new mechanical exercise splint for the hip. The appliance carries out movements in three dimensions and is used early in the postoperative period following surgical treatment of the hip and surrounding structures for continuous passive motion (CPM) treatment. When the hip is flexed, the knee bends at the same time. It is possible, however, for the part of the leg cradle that holds the lower leg to be locked in the extended position to avoid any problems for patients with arthrodesis in the knee. It is also advisable for knee movement to be blocked when the patient does exercises involving spreading and closing of the legs and inward and outward rotation. In this case the leg concerned should be bent about 10 degrees at the hip to avoid friction losses against sheets and mattress. The main indications for use of the new splint are internal fixation following acetabular fractures, periacetabular fractures, dislocation, joint fractures with dislocation of the same joint and fractures or pseudarthrosis at the upper end of the femur. Other appropriate forms of treatment are synovectomy, surgery to improve the form of the cup, including pelvic osteotomy, all kinds of transformation osteotomy, especially for hip necrosis or osteochondrosis dissecans, soft tissue surgery such as capsulotomy, tenotomy or resection following ectopic bone formation and flaccid paralysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


In Williamsburg, VA, April 17 to 20, 1994, the Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation sponsored a conference entitled "The Role of Emergency Medicine in the Future of American Medical Care," a report on which was published in Annals in 1995. This report promulgated recommendations for the development and enhancement of academic departments of emergency medicine and a conference to develop an agenda for research in emergency medicine. The American College of Emergency Physicians' Research Committee, along with several ad hoc members, presents updates in several of the areas addressed by the Macy Report and subsequent conferences, as a status report for the development of emergency medicine research as a whole, as of late 2002.


The introduction of a new zoning ordinance to Chicago in 1923 offers a natural experiment that allows us to determine the effects of zoning on relative land-value growth rates. Policymakers claimed at the time that land-use zoning would raise aggregate land values by reducing negative externalities associated with mixed land use. After controlling for initial land use and the endogeneity of zoning decisions, we find that residential zoning led to higher land value growth rates than commercial zoning.


Recently in terrain rendeing, most researches introduce mipmap-based out-of-core methods for handling large sized DEM data which does not fit in main memory of general computer. However, mipmap-based LOD(level-of-detail) methods occur geometric errors which appear in data simplifying the higher LOD level. These geometric errors cause geometric popping effects where LOD level changes when viewpoint moves. In this paper, we propose vertex cohesion map for reducing geometric error. In preprocessing step, we generate vertex cohesion map, which is a texture that stores the vectors. By these vectors, each vertex will be cohered into the position in which the difference of gradient value is bigger than others. Therefore in terrain rendering, using vertex cohesion map can dramatically reduce the geometry popping effects rather than using mipmap.


Metallothioneins (MTs) and zinc are both known to promote progression of tumors in human cancers. A close relationship exists between MT and zinc, as synthesis of the former has been reported to be induced by the latter. To assess the relationship between MT and zinc content in breast cancer tissues, we analysed MT expression by immunohistochemistry and tissue zinc levels by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) in invasive ductal breast cancers and adjacent benign breast tissues. We observed overexpression of MT in breast cancer tissues and noted that zinc content in breast cancer tissues was twice that of benign breast tissues. The nuclear fraction obtained by subcellular fractionation of breast cancer tissues was found to have a higher zinc content than the plasma membrane and cytosolic fractions. Contrary to expectations, we found a significant inverse correlation of MT expression with zinc levels in breast cancer tissues, suggesting that whilst both synergistically influence growth and survival of tumor cells, they may also have divergent roles in carcinogenesis.


ABSTRACT Title: Cultural dimensions – and their relevance in the interpretation of TV commercials The purpose of this study has been to explain the cultural dimensions masculinity versus femininity and individualism versus collectivism and see what their impacts on interpreting commercials are. We also wanted to see if there are any other important aspects to consider when looking at the interpretation of TV-commercials. To fulfill this purpose we also used this research question:  How are the cultural dimensions relevant when it comes to interpreting TV-commercials? We used a qualitative approach when conducting this study. We found that the dimension individualism versus collectivism seemed the most applicable, while the respondents' a nswers fitted the best to the highlighted theories. When looking at masculinity versus femininity the respondents' answers were not as applicable to the highlighted theories, while it mostly reflected them as individuals and showed little connection to their cultural background. We also saw a couple of other factors that are important to consider when designing TV-commercials. How the language and the music is interpreted is important to think about, while it can appear a lot of misunderstandings here that interrupts the marketing message. How humor and symbols are interpreted is also important to consider, while it can vary a lot between different cultures.


The pre-Morrow sediments of the Delaware basin were deposited uniformly over a cratonic shelf in a marine environment. During early Morrow time an orogenic movement began which reached its zenith during post-Morrow time. The area was severely eroded and peneplaned. During Strawn and later time, the area began to subside with definite depositional troughs forming. Generally, four facies were deposited simultaneously--the arkose and conglomerate facies on the flanks of the highlands, the lagoonal facies of light-colored limestones and shales in the marginal areas, local reef type or carbonate buildup facies, and the dark-colored basinal facies of limestones, shales, and sands. In some locales, the carbonate buildup facies tended to separate the lagoonal from the basinal fac es. These conditions persisted until late Wolfcampian-early Leonardian time. At this time, the area experienced a broad epeirogenic movement. This movement resulted in a change of regional strike and in many areas resulted in a change in the nature of the sediments being deposited. The sea, during Leonardian time, reached its maximum extent, and for the first time since pre-Morrow time, completely inundated the area. A well defined, barrier type reef developed which separated the light-colored lagoonal facies from the dark-colored basinal facies. The sea began to recede by late Leonardian or early Guadalupian time. Reef growth continued until Ochoan time when an evaporitic basin was forming due to further restriction of the sea. The basin continued to subside as the continent emerged, resulting in a thick evaporate sequence. The end of the Permian was marked by the advent of the Triassic redbeds filling in the basin. This was followed by the complete uplift of the area during late Triassic and Jurassic time. End_of_Article - Last_Page 374------------


Diffraction efficiency, relaxation behavior and dependence on pump-beam intensity of small-polaron based holograms are studied in thermally reduced, nominally undoped lithium niobate in the visible spectrum (λ = 488 nm). The pronounced phase gratings with diffraction efficiency up to η = (10.8 ± 1.0)% appeared upon irradiation by single ns-laser pulses (λ = 532 nm) and are comprehensively assigned to the optical formation of spatially modulated densities of small bound NbLi4+ electron polarons, NbLi4+:NbNb4+ electron bipolarons, and O⁻ hole polarons. A remarkable quadratic dependence on the pump-beam intensity is discovered for the recording configuration K || c-axis and can be explained by the electro-optic contribution of the optically generated small bound polarons. We discuss the build-up of local space-charge fields via small-polaron based bulk photovoltaic currents.


Some complex cognitive activities impacted by aging (future thinking, problem-solving, creative thinking) have been shown to rely on episodic retrieval, suggesting that cognitive interventions aiming to improve retrieval have the potential to induce transfer effects to these activities. Prior studies have shown that a brief one-session technique called Episodic Specificity Induction (ESI) can transiently improve episodic retrieval and induce transfer effects to complex tasks that rely on episodic retrieval in older adults. In the present proof-of-concept study, we assessed whether a training program consisting of repeated practice of the ESI technique can improve episodic retrieval and transfer to complex tasks. Fifteen healthy older adults completed a six-session intervention where they received repeated ESI practice. Before and after the intervention, nearest transfer effects were assessed using free recall, near transfer effects using recognition and associative recognition, and far-transfer effects using mean-ends problem-solving and divergent creative thinking. Before the intervention, typical ESI effects were observed (better performance after an ESI than after a control task), indicating that the ESI operated as expected in our sample. When examining the intervention effects, performance was increased after the intervention on free recall and recognition (nearest- and near-transfer) as well as problem-solving and divergent creative thinking (far transfer). These results indicate that an intervention relying on the ESI technique can produce both near and far transfer. These findings support the use of the ESI in the design of interventions that could improve retrieval and have a broad impact on a range of complex tasks.


BACKGROUND
Few studies have attempted to define clusters of chronic disease predictors with additional focus on racial/ethnic differences. The purpose of this study was to highlight differences in predictors of chronic diseases among American high school students by identifying subgroups using latent class analysis (LCA).

METHODS
The chronic disease predictor variable used in the analysis was created from 5 modified items in the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance that were identified to be critical to healthy lifestyles in Healthy People 2020. Descriptive, bivariate, multinomial logistic regression and LCA were performed using SAS 9.4 and Mplus in 9th to 12th grade students, using data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (N = 13,677).

RESULTS
Three distinct classes emerged for US high school students and were characterized as high, moderate, and low risk of chronic disease (38%, 33%, and 29%, respectively). Black and Asian students had a higher chance of being in the high-risk class of chronic diseases.

IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY
Emphasis should be placed on sociocultural and socio-environmentally structured prevention programs for at risk/students, ensuring that policy formation reflects the language, identity, and needs of the populations at risk.

CONCLUSIONS
The behavioral similarities of the classes identified highlight the need for continued research, novel interventions, and culturally sensitive strategies and policies in US high schools.


1. The modulatory effect of internal Ca2+ on the current through the ACh‐activated non‐selective cation channels (Ins, ACh) was investigated by the whole‐cell patch clamp technique in single isolated cells of guinea‐pig ileum. 2. Ins, ACh was isolated with caesium aspartate internal solution of low Ca2(+)‐buffering capacity (10 microM‐EGTA). With preceding depolarizations which evoked voltage‐operated Ca2+ currents (ICa), Ins, ACh increased in amplitude and decayed more rapidly. The extent of this 'facilitating' effect depended on the number and duration of the depolarizations. 3. When depolarizing pulses were applied during the sustained phase of Ins, ACh, they were followed by large inward tail currents. These tail currents (tail Ins, ACh) resembled the non‐facilitated Ins, ACh recorded without the depolarizing pulse, in regard to voltage‐dependent gating and dependence on the extracellular Na+ concentration, thus suggesting that the currents are flowing through the same class of channels. 4. The tail Ins, ACh was apparently composed of two components distinguished by the insensitivity to organic Ca2+ antagonists. The minor component (about 20% of tail Ins, ACh) showed a rapid decay (about 150 ms at ‐60 mV) which could be attributed to voltage‐dependent kinetics. The major component decayed slowly within 5 s and appeared to be related to changes in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. The latter component was not recorded when Ba2+ or Sr2+ were used as a charge carrier for ICa and was blocked by 10 microM‐D600 or nitrendipine, or Cd2+ 0.2‐0.5 mM). 5. The tail Ins, ACh increased in proportion to Ca2+ influx when the duration of depolarizing pulses were prolonged from 15 to 200 ms, but this 'facilitating' effect was greatly suppressed when the cell was perfused with 40 mM‐EGTA. 6. When the pCa in the pipette was varied using 40 mM‐Ca‐EGTA, the conductance through Ins, ACh increased in a manner dependent on intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Half‐maximal and submaximal activation occurred at about 200 nM and 1 microM, respectively. 7. These results show that the activity of Ins, ACh is very sensitive to the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in the physiological range.


We theoretically demonstrate that optical measurements of electron spin noise can be a spectroscopic probe of the entangled quantum states of ultracold fermionic atom gases and unambiguously reveal the detailed nature of the underlying interatomic correlations. Different models of the effective interatomic interactions predict entirely new sets of resonances in the spin noise spectrum. Once the correct effective interatomic interaction model is identified, the detailed noise line shapes of the spin noise can be used to constrain this model. We estimate the magnitude of spin noise signals expected in ultracold fermionic atom gases via noise measurements in classical alkali vapors, which demonstrate the feasibility of this approach.


This article proposes a mode-switching-based phase shift control (MS-PSC) for wireless power transfer (WPT) systems, which is able to achieve power regulation, load matching, and wide ZVS operations simultaneously without using additional dc–dc converters. Based on the mode transitions between the full-bridge, mixed-bridge, and half-bridge modes of both the inverter and the rectifier, the MS-PSC method guarantees a wide-range ZVS with minimized circulation of reactive power. Therefore, the system efficiency is improved over a wider power range compared to the conventional triple-phase-shift (TPS) control and the existing hybrid modulation control. The principles of different operating modes are analyzed. Then, the implementation of the proposed MS-PSC method and the mode selection strategy are presented. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed MS-PSC method is validated in a WPT prototype. Experimental results show that the proposed MS-PSC method can achieve a high overall efficiency in a wide power range. Compared with the conventional TPS control, the MS-PSC method further optimizes the efficiency in 10%–63% of the rated power, with efficiency improvements ranging from 1.5% to 6%. As a result, the system efficiency remains at 93.5%–96.1% in the power range of 1–10 kW, with the transformer coupling coefficient k = 0.19.


It is well known that when fluid flows around an object, the object will experience a force due to the interaction between the object and the fluid surrounding it. This study was conducted in an open channel using three different types of immersed objects (circular-shaped, rectangular-shaped, square-shaped) and was divided into two parts. The first part was on the investigation of wake length that results due to different immersed object shapes and fluid flow velocities. The experiments were carried out at different flow rates ranging from 2 L/s to 14 L/s and the corresponding wake lengths were measured. The results show that the wake length increases as the velocity increases. The second part of the study was on the investigation of the resultant drag force on the immersed objects during different combinations of object shapes and fluid flow velocities. Based on the experimental data, the Reynolds number for each immersed object was calculated and the drag coefficient of each immersed object was obtained from graphs and tables in established publications. It was found that the Reynolds numbers for both square and circular shape of the immersed objects were similar due to the frontal area of the objects that were taken into account in the
calculations. The resultant drag force was calculated based on the drag coefficient obtained. From the results, the flowing water exerted the highest drag force on the
immersed object that was rectangular-shaped compared to the other two shapes that was investigated. This is the effect of different drag coefficient values that are in turn based on the respective Reynolds number and object shape. Another finding was that when the velocity and drag coefficient were increased, the drag force values also increased.


Presents a design method for a model reference adaptive control system (MRACS) with fuzzy adaptive control rules for a time-delay system. First, the authors choose the reference model whose output response is regarded as ideal. Second, the authors discuss the stability of the control system by drawing the root locus of the characteristic equation. Third, the authors apply the control system to a plant represented by a transfer function model, and tune fuzzy adaptive control rules by means of genetic algorithms. The resulting rule set is remarkably better than a conventional hand constructed one.<<ETX>>


Never before has finance been regarded with the suspicion of these past three years. Yet money and credit are part of what enabled human beings to overcome the barbarism of immanence, the savagery of a life ruled by consumption for survival. The critical rethinking of finance involves the very notion of market economy and the globalized dimension it has reached. Who failed in this crisis, the State or the Market? The State, although by virtue of a paradox. Is globalization the culprit? No. A different financial system must emerge from the 2007-09 crisis: freed from the "idolatry of laissez-faire", but not thrown back into obsolete technologies or permanently restrained by anachronistic "real socialism" bridles.


Existing studies on financialisation have used Foucauldian governmentality to examine how everyday consumers, shaped by state initiatives and proliferation of financial products, are transforming into self-reliant subjects capable of seeking out financial knowledge and products for future security. This paper investigates the financial subject to unveil multiple narratives and sociotechnical devices that shape the financial practices of everyday consumers. Using agencement as a conceptual tool, the study examines the broad bandwidth of financial subjectivities that do not fall neatly into financialised/non-financialised categories. The analysis is based on personal interviews and ethnographic field work at financial literacy events that explore financial knowledge and practices of everyday investors in Singapore. Findings reveal the variegated ways in which consumers may become complicit, reluctant or even defiant financial subjects amidst neoliberal policies. By combining political economic and organisational dimensions of market formation with the lived and emotive elements of quotidian financial practices, this paper extends existing understanding of socioeconomic practices and the intersections of state, firms and everyday subjects in financialisation.


This study focuses on the role of land surface moisture in generating asymmetrical precipitation surrounding a nearly stationary Hurricane Florence (2018) during landfall. Previous idealized modeling studies have suggested that atmospheric stability varies surrounding a tropical cyclone (TC) during landfall, with the atmosphere destabilizing off-shore and stabilizing on-shore. However, this finding has not been studied using a real modeling framework. Here, we produce high-resolution numerical simulations to examine the variations in precipitation and atmospheric stability surrounding Hurricane Florence. In addition to a control simulation (CTRL), two additional simulations are performed by altering the land surface cover to be moister (WETX) or drier (DRYX) compared with the CTRL. In the experiment, the altered land surface affects the equivalent potential temperature within the boundary layer. Due to changes in moisture, there are consistent but minor impacts on the spatial patterns of moist static instability. This study found that rainbands in the inner core and distant rainband regions responded differently to changes in land surface moisture. Within the inner core region of the TC, WETX produced more precipitation that was more symmetrical compared with DRYX. In DRYX, there was increased moist static instability in the outer rainband region over water and decreased moist static instability in the outer rainband region over land, which may have contributed to the enhanced precipitation asymmetries. Still, both experiments produced asymmetrical precipitation distributions, suggesting that alterations to land surface moisture had a minor impact on the precipitation asymmetries in Hurricane Florence. We conclude that precipitation asymmetries are primarily dynamically driven by weak to moderate vertical wind shear and asymmetries in moisture flux convergence.


THE LITERATURE on mongolism is replete with marked differences in incidence of some of the more common eye findings associated with this condition. Few authors define or even partially describe the sign they are reporting, and fewer still explain the means by which the sign was measured. There is no doubt that different authors have used different criteria in reaching their conclusions, and therefore comparison between the results of one report and another is difficult. Furthermore, lack of definition produces confusion, and some signs may receive an emphasis conducive to misdiagnosis. In this study, four of the common eye findings in mongolism, easily determined without special instruments or training, are defined, the pertinent literature reviewed, and the incidence in institutionalized and noninstitutionalized patients with mongolism compared with normal controls. The signs are slanting eyes, epicanthic folds, Brushfield spots, and hypoplasia of the iris. As the frequency of Brushfield spots is


A general discussion on the effect of steric hindrance and π electrons on the self-association of linear, branched, cyclic, aromatic and phenolic alcohols in inert solvents is presented. A relation between the self-association ability of an alcohol and its molecular geometry is proposed using as a measure of the steric hindrance the ratio (q) of the polar surface area of the alcohol to the polar surface area of a linear alcohol. Surface areas were calculated using a molecular-mechanics program. The ratio q correlates with the free energy for tetramer formation and is a good measure of the local steric hindrance on the hydroxyl caused by groups in its immediate neighbourhood. The effect of π electrons on self-association was studied through quantum-mechanical calculations (MNDO), providing an explanation for the experimental finding that the enthalpy for hydrogen-bond formation for phenolic alcohols is systematically smaller than for any other type of alcohol. The MNDO results indicate that for any alcohol whose hydroxyl group is directly attached to the aromatic ring the electron density in the oxygen atom is small and hence phenolic alcohols form weak hydrogen bonds. Values of the enthalpy and entropy for hydrogen-bond formation are correlated and almost compensate for the alcohols.


To examine trophic dynamics over different size classes, an isotopic study of sailfish Istiophorus platypterus life-history stages was carried out. Samples were collected from eastern Taiwan and the South China Sea during April 2009 and February 2012. A total of 263 samples (111-245 cm, lower jaw fork length, LLJFL ) were examined for changes in trophic structure in relation to LLJFL by using stable isotope analysis of carbon (δ(13) C) and nitrogen (δ(15) N). The δ(15) N values for I. platypterus ranged from 7·51 to 14·19‰ (mean ± s.d. = 12·06 ± 1·16‰) and the δ(13) C values ranged from -22·04 to -15·48‰ (mean ± s.d. = -17·62 ± 1·10‰). The δ(15) N values were positively dependent on LLJFL (r(2)  = 0·377), whereas δ(13) C were negatively dependent on LLJFL (r(2)  = 0·063). There were significantly different seasonal changes in nitrogen and carbon isotopic concentration, but no significant differences in concentrations between eastern Taiwan and the South China Sea were reported. The trophic level (TL ) of each LLJFL class was correlated, starting from 2·84 TL for size class I (LLJFL  < 140 cm) and reaching 5·03 TL for size class VI (LLJFL > 221 cm). The mean ± s.d. TL was 4·43 ± 0·19 for all samples. The results reveal that I. platypterus occupies a wide range of trophic levels and different size classes occupy different trophic positions in the pelagic ecosystem.


This article describes and analyzes the experience of two years of existence of the medIFtation project developed at the Federal Institute of São Paulo, Itapetininga campus, in the southwest of the state. It is a project emerging from the need to present high school students with some mental health tools to control anxiety. Nevertheless, based on this scenario, the project was elaborated and has been carried out beyond this instrumental proposal, raising the sense of meditation and holistic thinking as elements of self-knowledge and understanding of the complexity of life. The paper was organized in the form of questions and answers, with the purpose of making the explanation clearer about the specifics of the project. It is hoped, by sharing this story, to promote a (self) reflection of meditation at school and, who knows, to encourage other projects of a similar nature.


Abstract The design and operation of a large vertical wind tunnel (1.8 m diameter updraft) are described, together with the associated special photographic equipment and techniques required for studies of the interactions and freezing of freely suspended water drops. During the first two winters of operation several new and important observations have been made while freezing freely suspended, large supercooled water drops. The terminal velocity of the frozen pellet was found to be very different than that of the liquid drop. If individual drops freeze at −6C and colder they often exhibit a marked decrease (up to 4 m sec−1) in terminal velocity. Coalescence of a frozen pellet and a liquid drop produces an elongated ice pellet (8–15 mm horizontal axis) with a terminal velocity of 9 m sec−1. When an ice pellet becomes unstable and spins about a horizontal axis, it can obtain a rapid horizontal velocity. Two ice pellets frozen together display the same erratic tumbling. These observations indicate that some ...


COPYRIGHT © 2023 Hélie. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: Emerging talents in human neuroscience: Cognitive neuroscience 2022


Automatically optimizing robotic behavior to solve complex tasks has been one of the main, long-standing goals of Evolutionary Robotics (ER). When successful, this approach will likely fundamentally change the rate of development and deployment of robots in everyday life. Performing this optimization on real robots can be risky and time consuming. As a result, much of the work in ER is done using simulations which can operate many times faster than realtime. The only downside of this, is that, due to the limited fidelity of the simulated environment, the optimized robotic behavior is typically different when transferred to a robot in the real world. This difference is referred to as the reality gap...


The relative phase of two interfering coherent signals may be quantitatively derived from the amplitudes of the incident signals and the combined, destructive interference signal. The authors applied this concept to measurement of the small differences in transit time between two wave trains of ultrasound simultaneously traversing water flowing through a traditional (3 cm) differential transit time ultrasonic flow transducer. Preliminary tests with a passive ultrasonic interferometer validate the approach and demonstrate applicability to measurement of blood and other fluid flows.


We call the following three assumptions standard assumptions • H is convex in p, i.e. for all x ∈ T we have that the Hessian matrix ∂ pipjH(x, p) is positive definite for all p ∈ R. • H is superlinear in p, i.e. for all x ∈ T we have that lim H(x, p)/|p| → +∞ as |p| → +∞ • The flow defined by (1) is complete, i.e. for each initial condition (x0, p0) ∈ T × R solutions of (1) exists for all time. Actually weak KAM and Mather theories we describe below work for a Hamiltonian defined on any smooth compact manifold. We consider the case of a Hamiltonian on a torus for exposition purposes only. The Basic Example is the standard mechanical system: H(x, p) = 〈p,p〉 2 + V (x) with 〈·, ·〉 — Euclidean scalar product and V (x) — C smooth potential on T. Let {(x(t), p(t))}t∈R be a trajectory of (1) with an initial conditions (x(0), p(0)) = (x0, p0). Denote by x(t) ∈ R a lift of x(t) ∈ T to the universal cover R over T = R/T. Definition 1.1. (Position) rotation vector of a trajectory {(x(t), p(t))}t∈R (if exists) equals average asymptotic velocity of x, i.e.


Abstract. The development and use of nowcasting systems should inevitably be accompanied by the development and application of suitable verification methods. A thorough verification strategy is needed to adequately assess the quality of the system and consequently to lead to improvements. Different verification methods for thunderstorms and its attributes are discussed along with the importance of observational data sets. They are applied to two radar-based nowcasting algorithms for a convective season using various observation data sets. The results show, that the combination of the two algorithms outperforms a single algorithm.


During a 5 1/2-year period we have seen 171 pregnant women with established insulin-independent diabetes. Eleven of them booked late and received virtually no treatment. The remaining 160 patients were managed primarily by regulating diet; when this failed metformin or glibenclamide therapy was instituted. Insulin was used when diet and oral drugs failed. Diabetic control was considered adequate if fasting blood glucose levels remained below 5,5 mmol/l and post-prandial levels were below 6,7 mmol/l. Twenty-five per cent of patients were well controlled on diet only during the duration of their pregnancies, with 1 perinatal death. Glibenclamide and metformin appear to be safe drugs during pregnancy when properly used. The overall perinatal mortality rate was 78/1 000; 42/1 000 since January 1978, as compared with 364/1 000 in the 'untreated' group. Only 18 babies were large (> 4 000 g), respiratory distress rarely occurred and hyaline membrane disease was virtually absent. Hypoglycaemia of the neonate was seldom a problem, but was most frequently related to the use of glibenclamide. Neonatal hypoglycaemia may be abolished if patients receiving tablets or insulin are given continuous, intravenous low-dose insulin 24 hours before planned delivery. The prevalence of major abnormalities was as least double that among infants of non-diabetic mothers.


Role theory is utilized to detail a six-step process for developing balanced coping through role negotiation. As applied in this paper, the role theory framework provides health educators with a useful tool for helping employed parents cope with a child's chronic illness. The emphasis is on partnering with parents or primary caregivers to identify, understand and manage the multiple role demands of working parents with chronically ill children. Role theory suggests ways health educators can support balanced coping by educating families about the demands of a child's illness, and helping to reduce those demands, helping to increase family resources, supporting parents and facilitating role negotiation. The ultimate goal is the development of balanced coping strategies that (1) meet the medical and emotional needs of the ill child, (2) allow parents to maintain their physical and mental health, and (3) enable parents to meet the demands of their other roles (e.g. paid employment).


The introduction of CIC and the artificial urinary sphincter have radically altered the management of the urinary tract in children with myelodysplasia. Supravesical urinary diversion is less often needed, although there is still a place for this treatment modality. When diversion is indicated, nonrefluxing intestinal conduits are suggested. The routine use of suprapubic bladder expression has only limited applicability. When possible, the child should undergo urodynamic study, and the family should be made aware of the treatment modalities available. Before proposing a urinary diversion on implantation of an artificial urinary sphincter, detailed explanations of the procedure and the alternatives must be given to parents and patients.
 This report was reviewed by the present and former members of the committee who have contributed to its contents.


We present the FastEMRIWaveforms (FEW) package, a collection of tools to build and analyze extreme mass ratio inspiral (EMRI) waveforms. Here, we expand on the Physical Review Letter that introduced the first fast and accurate fully-relativistic EMRI waveform template model. We discuss the construction of the overall framework; constituent modules; and the general methods used to accelerate EMRI waveforms. Because the fully relativistic FEW model waveforms are for now limited to eccentric orbits in the Schwarzschild spacetime, we also introduce an improved Augmented Analytic Kludge (AAK) model that describes generic Kerr inspirals. Both waveform models can be accelerated using graphics processing unit (GPU) hardware. With the GPU-accelerated waveforms in hand, a variety of studies are performed including an analysis of EMRI mode content, template mismatch, and fully Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo-based EMRI parameter estimation. We find relativistic EMRI waveform templates can be generated with fewer harmonic modes ($\sim10-100$) without biasing signal extraction. However, we show for the first time that extraction of a relativistic injection with semi-relativistic amplitudes can lead to strong bias and anomalous structure in the posterior distribution for certain regions of parameter space.


The incorporation of a large ion which violates the Goldschmidt geometric tolerance factor, such as hydroxyethyl ammonium (HEA+), into lead halide perovskites leads to the formation of a lead and halide deficient crystal. The resulting material has a long-range order typical of a three dimensional crystal, which is locally disrupted by octahedron-free channels. Here, we report on low-temperature magneto-optical spectroscopy of lead- and iodine-deficient MAPbI3 (d-MAPbI3) with varying concentrations of Pb–I vacancies in high magnetic fields of up to 68 T. The hybrid nature of the structure of this material is reflected by the surprising coexistence of 3D-like optical transitions at low energy (1.54 eV) and lower dimensional (LD) transitions at high energy (1.9–2.4 eV). The intensity variation between the LD and 3D-like transitions when the concentration of Pb-I vacancies is varied indicates a strong correlation between the structural modifications introduced by the oversized cations and the optical properties. The reduced dimensionality associated with the high energy transitions is supported by the observed smaller diamagnetic shift and shorter carrier lifetimes.


Abstract. The optical activity of glucose molecules is important for diagnosing and monitoring blood glucose of diabetes. In order to accurately detect the diabetes at an early stage, there is an urgent need to develop innovative detection methods. By use of Mueller matrix decomposition (MMD), we have studied the optical activity of glucose molecules in three types of turbid media—polystyrene (PST) sphere suspension, chicken blood, and the vein blood of diabetic patients. The experimental setup to obtain the Mueller matrix in the forward detection geometry has been used. The experimental results show that the rotation angle has linear relationship with the concentration of the glucose when the scattering coefficient of the PST sphere suspension remains unchanged, whereas the scattering effect enlarges the rotation angle. Furthermore, optical rotation abides by Drude's dispersion equation. The decomposition method has also been found useful applications in quantifying the optical rotations of blood glucose in diabetic patients. The diabetic severity status can be distinguished with the rotation angle of glucose and also is in accordance with the clinical diagnosis. Thus, the method of MMD has promising applications in diabetic diagnosis and monitoring.


In this paper, with a focus on Japan and Thailand, we outline a relational environmental and economic history of East Asian economic integration (EAEI) and its implication for the commons in both places. We draw attention in particular to global commodity chains as relational processes not only of trade and investment, but also geopolitics and aid, to argue that these transborder processes have connected together commons in distant localities resulting in their simultaneous enclosure, dispossession and (re-)commoning with implications for community vulnerabilities in positive and negative ways. To demonstrate this argument we analyse three periods of EAEI: the late nineteenth century until World War II, when Japan and Thailand both began to modernise and new trade and geopolitical relations emerged in the context of colonialism; the post-World War II recovery until the Plaza Accord in 1986, during which time Japan rapidly industrialised, as did Thailand to a lesser extent and regionalism was largely defined by US hegemony; and the post-Plaza Accord period, when Japan deindustrialised its labour intensive manufacture and heavy industry and Thailand rapidly industrialised and EAEI became defined by new and intensified global commodity chains.


Treatment of the neuroblastoma cell line SHSY5Y with nerve growth factor (NGF) resulted in limited neurite extension, but proliferation continued. However, SHSY5Y cells treated with NGF and a pulse of the DNA polymerase alpha and delta inhibitor aphidicolin showed dramatic neuronal differentiation. Few differentiated cells were observed immediately following the NGF-aphidicolin treatment; however, continued treatment of the cells with NGF in the ensuing week resulted in extension of long neurites (> 400 microns). Neurite extension was not observed for cells treated with aphidicolin alone. Hence, aphidicolin and NGF act synergistically to induce differentiation of SHSY5Y cells. If maintained in NGF, the differentiated cells were stable for at least 1 month and displayed many neuronal characteristics. They were mitotically inactive, and, in contrast to control or NGF-treated cells, the differentiated cells required NGF for survival. The cells expressed multiple microtubule-associated proteins (MAP), including MAP 1A, MAP 1B, and tau. There was expression of synaptic vesicle antigens synaptophysin and SV2, but not synapsin Ia/b or synapsin IIa/b. Both hydroxyurea and thymidine, which inhibit synthesis of nucleotides, act synergistically with NGF to induce differentiation of SHSY5Y cells. Since aphidicolin, hydroxyurea, and thymidine are chemically unrelated, we conclude that these drugs enhance NGF-induced differentiation by blocking cell proliferation and not through an unrelated side effect. The model suggested by these studies is that differentiation is triggered by two simultaneous signals: NGF and cessation of cell proliferation.


We investigate whether unpleasant environmental conditions affect stock market participants' responses to information events. We draw from psychology research to develop a new prediction that weather-induced negative moods reduce market participants' activity levels. Exploiting geographic variation in equity analysts' locations, we find compelling evidence that analysts experiencing unpleasant weather are slower or less likely to respond to an earnings announcement relative to analysts responding to the same announcement but experiencing pleasant weather. Price association tests find evidence consistent with reduced activity due to weather-induced moods delaying equilibrium price adjustments following earnings announcements. We also use our analyst-based research design to re-examine an existing prediction that unpleasant weather induces investor pessimism, and find evidence of both analyst pessimism and reduced activity in the presence of unpleasant weather. Together, our study provides new evidence that both extends and reaffirms findings of a relation between unpleasant weather and market activities, and contributes to the broader psychology and economics literature on the impact of weather-induced mood on labor productivity.


We present an overview of the near-InfraRed Multi-Object Spectrograph (IRMOS) for the Thirty Meter Telescope, as developed under a Feasibility Study at the University of Florida and Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics. IRMOS incorporates a multi-object adaptive optics correction capability over a 5-arcminute field of regard on TMT. Up to 20 independently-selectable target fields-of-view with ~2-arcsec diameter can be accessed within this field simultaneously. IRMOS provides near-diffraction-limited integral field spectroscopy over the 0.8-2.5 μm bandpass at R~1,000-20,000 for each target field. We give a brief summary of the Design Reference science cases for IRMOS. We then present an overview of the IRMOS baseline instrument design.


Introduction: the article dwells on the international turnover of quasi-monetary units, including units of international payment systems and cryptocurrencies. Intensive digitalization of economic exchanges inextricably entails wider use of these instruments, which consequently creates the need in the development of respective regulation. Thus, the legal nature of quasi-monetary units payment system units as rights of claim to the systems operator and cryptocurrencies as specific proprietary object (a digital commodity) are being analyzed. Further in the article the law applicable to the turnover of quasi-monetary units is examined including the possibility of using lex voluntatis in settlements denominated in such units. Finally, the author considers the mandatory provisions applicable to the turnover of payment system units and cryptocurrencies. Results: it is pointed out that considering the increasing role of quasi-monetary units in international economic turnover, conflicting approaches of national regulating authorities creates uncertainty for economic agents. It is contended that despite payment system units and cryptocurrencies serving similar economic objectives, they have fundamentally different legal nature, which creates the need for different law applicable to these types of quasimonetary units. Conclusions: the author concludes that units of payment systems in terms of their legal nature are rights of claim to the system operator whereas cryptocurrency is a separate legal phenomenon and its nature is yet to be determined by the legal doctrine. The author has proven the paramount importance of the use of lex voluntatis by the parties to the obligation denominated in quasi-monetary units. If the parties failed to choose the law applicable, the doctrine of characteristic performance should be used. Besides, it is concluded that the national mandatory provisions can hardly be applied to quasi-monetary turnover, particularly to cryptocurrencies.


The aim of the current study was to synthesize Zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) of Eriobotrya japonica, their characterization using standard procedures and its screening for various pharmacological activities; antibacterial, antifungal, phytotoxic and heamaglutination in comparison with the methanolic, ethanolicand Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractions. The UVVisible absorption spectra of ZnNPs showed peaks at 455 nm and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of various functional groups such as, hydroxyl, amide, carbonyl, aldehyde, and alkynes. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis showed that the particle size was between 30-60 nm with spherical shape. The presence of Zinc along with other elements, such as C, O, S, Si, and K, was confirmed by Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), andthe mean size was 33nm as indicated in X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra. The results of percent antibacterial activity for the methanolic, ethanolic and EtOAc fractions of E. japonica against E. coli was 62, 59.2, 44.4, P. aeruginosa 44.4, 40.7, 37, S. aureus 69.2, 46.1, 50, A. baumannii 52.1, 43.4, 0, M. morganii 59, 40.9, 68, MRSA 73.6, 52.6, 0 and P. vulgaris 60, 52, 64. The Zn NPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity against MRSA (94%) and P. vulgaris (92%), good against S. aureus (73%) and M. morganii (63.6%), moderate against E. coli (48.1%) and A. baumannii (43.4%) and low against P. aeruginosa (37%), respectively. The methanolic, ethanolic and EtOAc fractions of E. japonica showed low (<24%) and no antifungal activity against the tested fungal pathogens. The antifungal activity of Zn NPs against the test fungal pathogens was; A. parasiticus (30%), P. notatum and A. niger (40%), P. chrysogenum (55%), H. pseudocrispula (60%) while it was inactive against V. longisporum. The methanolic, ethanolic and EtOAc extract of E. japonica showed 50, 50 and 60% growth regulation at 1000, 50, 40 and 60% at 100 μg/ml, while at 10 μg/ml, 40, 20 and 50%, respectively, against Lemna minor. Phytotoxic activity of ZnNPs against L.minor at 1000, 100 and 10μg/ml was 60 50 and 30%, respectively. The results indicated that the selected plants lack phytolectin as no heamaglutination was observed.


PURPOSE. To examine (1) whether there is any consistency among medical schools in mental health services provided and (2) how these services are perceived by student affairs deans, mental health service providers, and the students themselves. METHOD. Questionnaires were sent in October 1991 to the student affairs dean (or director), the individual responsible for student mental health services, and a student representative in each of the 126 U.S. and Canadian medical schools. Data were sought regarding personnel, individuals served, location, hours, administration, funding, confidentiality, administrative referrals, and respondents' suggestions for improvement. Possible differences among the three groups of respondents were tested by chi-square. RESULTS. Responses were received from 75 student affairs deans, 53 mental health providers, and 30 students. There was much diversity among schools in services provided, especially in the areas of administration and funding. Although perceptions of the three respondent groups were often the same, they differed significantly in a number of areas. Suggestions for improvement of services involved funding, personnel, hours, confidentiality and privacy, specialty services, preventive and support programs, and visibility. The suggestion most frequently made by the students was for increased information and visibility. CONCLUSION. The differences among schools coupled with the differing perceptions within schools indicate a need for a comprehensive consideration of what kinds of mental health services are needed and how they can best be made accessible to a diverse body of students experiencing a variety of academic and personal challenges.


We propose a set of shape descriptors for image retrieval of graphic documents based on the ridgelets transform, which can be seen as a combination of the Radon transform and the wavelets transform. It is especially well suited to detect linear features, the most relevant features in graphic documents. It also provides a multiscale representation, useful for indexing and retrieval purposes. From the ridgelets representation of an image, we have defined a set of local norm descriptors based on computing a norm over some specific areas of the image. This kind of descriptors are very flexible since we can define different sets of descriptors just by changing such areas of influence in the image. We have also defined a combination of descriptors at several scales of decomposition in order to improve retrieval results.


Two eyes of 2 patients with macular hole-associated retinal detachment in clinically diagnosed vitelliruptive stage of Best vitelliform dystrophy were surgically managed by 25-gauge sutureless pars plana vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling with inverted ILM flap, and short-acting (SF6) gas tamponade. The patients were assessed with respect to best-corrected visual acuity, color fundus photographs, shortwave fundus autofluorescence, and swept source optical coherence tomography. Surgical intervention led to Type 1 closure of macular hole, resolution of retinal detachment, and improvement in vision in both patients.


Objective: Dust containing crystalline silica may cause silicosis, COPD and lung cancer even at low exposure levels. Since no therapy for silicosis is available, early detection is needed to avoid further exposure and progression of the disease. In the Netherlands a national surveillance programme including medical triage has been implemented to identify construction workers with silicosis. For that purpose a diagnostic model has been developed to predict the probability of silicosis by use of a short questionnaire and lung function [1]. In this study medical triage was applied in a ceramic tile production plant.

Methods: The diagnostic model was tailored to the company using historical exposure data. Of a total of 391 workers 353 (90%) participated in the study, 52 of whom (15%) had a high risk (sumscore ≥ 5) and were candidate for medical evaluation, including a low-dose high resolution CT-scan of the lungs.

Results: 48 of 52 workers (response 92%) were referred for clinical evaluation. Mean age was 52 (±5) yrs, number of pack years 28 (±21). Silicosis was found in 8 workers (17%), another 3 had an increased number of micronodules on CT (6%). In addition, COPD was present in 6 workers (13%): Gold I in 2 (one of whom had silicosis), Gold II in 3 and Gold III in 1 worker.

Conclusion: Medical triage followed by specific clinical evaluation in a population of tile plant workers was effective in the early detection of silicosis and yielded a high percentage of COPD. The results stress the need for exposure measures in the tile production industry.

References:

* 1. Suarthana E et al. A simple diagnostic model for ruling out pneumoconiosis among construction workers. Occup Environ Med 2007;64:595-601.


Saponified 2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (P507)/ /n-hexanol/n-heptane salting out agent free microemulsion is found to be a promising efficient system for separating Co (II) and Li (I). In this microemulsion system, the volume ratio of saponified P507, n-hexanol and n-heptane is 1:6:14. The concentration of the external aqueous Co (II) and Li (I) was 100 and 40 mg/L, respectively. The optimum condition is assured as follows: water bath temperature of 298.15 K, vibration time for 7 min, molar ratio of P507 and NaOH 1.5:1, volume ratio of aqueous phase and microemulsion 8. Under the optimum condition, the extraction yield of cobalt and lithium is 99.1% and 14.4%, respectively. The average reverse extraction yield of colbat is 97.2% when 1.0 mol/L HCl is used as reverse extraction experiments on the organic phase. The organic phase after stripping can be reused. The results show that: the saponified P507 microemulsion system is not only thermodynamic stability, but also has a broad application prospect in the extraction and separation of Co (II) and Li (I) with strong selectivity and high efficiency. Density functional theory (DFT) based calculations have been carried out on the structures and relative binding energies of Co (II) and Li (I) with the surfactant sponified P507 in n-heptane and water solution, respectively. The calculated results suggest that the different interaction between the ions with surfactant saponified P507 is responsible for the preferential complexation of saponified P507 to Co (II) and Li (I) ions. The combined experimental and theoretical studies help us to understand the superior complexation behavior of Co (II) over Li (I) within saponified P507/n-hexanol/n-heptane microemulsion.


Five experts present their viewpoints on four of the most important figures in recent intellectual and cultural history. Professor Egon Schwarz evaluates Hofmannsthal as a critic; Professors C. V. Bock and Lother Helbing combine forces in an analysis of Gundolf; Professor Yakov Malkiel has provided an evocative, ornately styled "document luimain" on Kantorowicz; Professor Evans presents the first substantial study of Curtius. The combined insight of the authors gives us a new and better understanding of these cultural figures, their associations with and influences on each other, and the broad impact they still have.Originally published in 1970.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.


Abstract: Combinatorial problems stated as Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSP) are examined. It is shown by example that any algorithm designed for the original CSP, and involving the AllDifferent constraint, has at least the same level of efficacy when simultaneously applied to both the original and its complementary problem. The 1-to-1 mapping employed to transform a CSP to its complementary problem, which is also a CSP, is introduced. This "Dual CSP" method and its application are outlined. The analysis of several random problem instances demonstrate the benefits of this method for variable domain reduction compared to the standard approach to CSP. Extensions to additional constraints other than AllDifferent, as well as the use of hybrid algorithms, are proposed as candidates for this Dual CSP method.


Transgender individuals face an abundance of stigma and prejudice from society, making them vulnerable to discrimination, violence, increased stress, and mental health deterioration (Hughto et al., 2015). This study looked at the extent to which a brief humanizing intervention can decrease prejudice against transgender individuals using methods designed to reduce social desirability bias. Unlike past work, the current study implemented a control group that was not subjected to any intervention. Participants (N=302) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: the control condition, the transman letter condition, and the musician letter condition. Only cisgender participants within the gender binary were used in the analysis (N=293). The humanizing intervention involved having participants read a letter written by a transgender man in which he comes out to his parents. The musician letter condition involved having participants read a letter written by a young man telling his parents that he is quitting college to pursue a career in music. The control condition did not include any letter. Participants then responded to various dependent measures such as attitudes towards transgender individuals and empathy. Few effects of the intervention were observed, which were inconsistent with past research. However, the results of this study showed an impact on participants' perception of how parents should react to their children coming out and a decrease in the standard gender differences in empathy. Thus, the results offer a nuanced understanding of the extent to which humanizing interventions can reduce prejudice towards transgender individuals.


This study was conducted to investigate the fermentation characteristics of cheonggukjang prepared with soybean germinated under light condition. The moisture content and pH of cheonggukjang made with soybean germinated under light condition (CGL) were higher than that of cheonggukjang made with non-germinated soybean (CNG). The color of CGL was darker than that of CNG and cheonggukjang made with soybean germinated under dark condition (CGD). The number of live bacteria in the CGL (10.7±0.3 log CFU/g) and CGD (10.7±0.4 log CFU/g) was higher than that of CNG (9.7±0.4 log CFU/g). The levels of isoflavone in CGL, CGD and CNG were 2,038.0, 1,993.6 and 1,747.0 ug/g, respectively. There were no significant differences in the appearance, aroma, taste and overall acceptability of the cheonggukjang made with different germination conditions. Therefore, it was expected that the cheonggukjang prepared with soybean germinated under light condition could be practically used as a new fermented food.


A papermaking fabric, can be used for the forming section of a paper machine, this fabric has: longitudinal (MD) warp and transverse (CD) weft yarns of the top and bottom, and interleaving the top and bottom fabric stitched triple transverse (CD) yarn. Triplet binder yarns woven together in one kind of plain weave pattern of the top layer, and thereby reducing the marks provide a high level of paper mesh support.


Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified seven unrelated individuals with global developmental delay, hypotonia, dysmorphic facial features, and an increased frequency of short stature, ataxia, and autism with de novo heterozygous frameshift, nonsense, splice, and missense variants in the Early B-cell Transcription Factor Family Member 3 (EBF3) gene. EBF3 is a member of the collier/olfactory-1/early B-cell factor (COE) family of proteins, which are required for central nervous system (CNS) development. COE proteins are highly evolutionarily conserved and regulate neuronal specification, migration, axon guidance, and dendritogenesis during development and are essential for maintaining neuronal identity in adult neurons. Haploinsufficiency of EBF3 may affect brain development and function, resulting in developmental delay, intellectual disability, and behavioral differences observed in individuals with a deleterious variant in EBF3.


The intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) in combined therapy of soft tissue sarcoma in a single dose 10-20 Gy is the method, which can optimize the role of radiation therapy in treatment of this nosology. This method allows exact localization of the irradiation zone in the frames of "tumor bed", thereby minimizing the damage of normal tissues and critical organs. The aim of the study was the influence of IORT on the rate and structure of postoperative complications and long-term results of treatment in the group under study (n = 49) in comparison with the group of combined treatment without IORT (n = 57) and the group of surgical treatment. No statistically reliable difference in the rate of postoperative complications in groups (p = 0.57) was obtained and there was no influence on the structure of postoperative complications. At the same time the statistically reliable increase of general survival rates (p = 0.025) and the survival without relapse in the main group (p < 0.025) were obtained. Thus, the application of IORT in combined treatment of soft tissue sarcomas showed the satisfactory profile of "surgical safety", provided the reliable increase of general survival rates and rates without relapse.


In the past years, a great deal of effort was put into research regarding Indirect Immunofluorescence techniques with the aim of development of CAD systems. In this work a method for segmenting HEp-2 cells in IIF images is presented. Such task is one of the most challenging of automated IIF analysis, because the segmentation algorithm has to cope with a large heterogeneity of shapes and textures. In order to address this problem, numerous techniques and their combinations were evaluated, in a process aimed at maximizing the figure of merit. The proposed method, for a greater definition of cellular contours, uses the active contours in the last phase of the process. The initial conditions, center position and initial curve of the active contour, were obtained using a randomized Hough transform for ellipse; the idea in identifying cells was to approximate them initially to ellipses. The purpose of the active contours, within the segmentation process, is to allow the separation of connected regions (such as two overlapping cells), in order to obtain a better definition of the objects to be analyzed (the cells). Our system has been developed and tested on public database. Segmentation performances were evaluated in terms of Dice index and the method was compared with other state-of-the-art workers. The results obtained demonstrate the goodness of the method in the characterization of HEp-2 cells. The developed method shows great strength and convergence speed. Furthermore, the flexibility of the proposed method allows it to be easily used in other biomedical contexts.


A patient with remote cerebellar hemorrhage (RCH) who was presented at the authors' hospital with seizure and delayed emergence from anesthesia after loss of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through a dural tear during lumbar spine surgery is described. RCH is a rare and unpredictable complication after spinal surgery. Its most common clinical features are diminished consciousness, headache, and seizure. Its mechanism is still disputed, but is probably venous bleeding secondary to significant intra- or post-operative loss of CSF. Therefore, RCH must be considered in patients with unexplained mental deterioration or disturbance upon emergence and seizure from general anesthesia after spine surgery.


We investigate numerically disorder chaos in spin glasses, i.e. the sensitivity of the ground state to small changes of the random couplings. Our study focuses on the Edwards-Anderson model in d = 1, 2, 3 and in mean field. We find that in all cases, simple scaling laws, involving the size of the system and the strength of the perturbation, are obeyed. We characterize in detail the distribution of overlap between ground states and the geometrical properties of flipped spin clusters in both the weak and strong chaos regime. The possible relevance of these results to temperature chaos is discussed.


Over the past three decades, American high school students' course taking has rapidly intensified. Between 1982 and 2004, for example, the proportion of high school graduates who earned credit in precalculus or calculus more than tripled. In this article, the authors investigate the consequences of mathematics curricular intensification for social stratification in American high schools. Using representative data from U.S. high school graduates in 1982, 1992, and 2004, the authors estimate changes in race-, class-, and skills-based inequality in advanced math course credit completion. Their analyses indicate that race, class, and skills gaps in geometry, Algebra II, and trigonometry completion have narrowed considerably over the study period. However, consistent with the theory of maximally maintained inequality, inequalities in calculus completion remain pronounced.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the efficacy and cost of assisted reproductive techniques in older women (40 years or older) in comparison to younger women (less than 30 years old).

STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective review of records from one university-based infertility practice.

RESULTS
Women 40 years or older were significantly less likely to achieve pregnancy with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG)/intrauterine insemination as compared to women under age 30. The older women were also significantly less likely to achieve pregnancy with in vitro fertilization (IVF). The use of donor oocytes resulted in the highest pregnancy rates in older women. Costs per cycle were similar, however, for both groups.

CONCLUSION
Older women will consume an equal amount of medical resources per cycle in infertility treatment as compared to younger women (aged < 30 years). However, older women utilizing assisted reproductive techniques are four to five times less likely to achieve pregnancy than the younger group. This poor prognosis for success in older women adds significantly to the mean cost per pregnancy as compared to younger women. Donor oocytes may be the most cost-effective option for achieving pregnancy in older women.


Rumen indigestion or subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is common even in well-managed dairy herds, and is difficult to diagnose as clinical signs vary by individual cow. A cow suffers from rumen indigestion when she experiences a prolonged period of low ruminal pH (pH<5.8) which may have returned to normal (pH 6.2-7.2) once clinical signs are evident. The purpose of this research was to find biological markers in milk that could be used to detect rumen indigestion prior to clinical signs, allowing for earlier treatment and prevention of prolonged reduced milk yield and therapy.


This paper provides an up-to-date overview of the Sun Grid Engine distributed resource management software and of future plans to enhance it towards and integrate it into computational grid environments. The main scope of many of today's Grid research projects is to understand and demonstrate the actual potential of networking, computing and software infrastructure for computational Grids and to build proof-of-concept middleware. This has resulted in Internet infrastructure projects like Globus (Foster and Kesselman, 1997), Legion (Chapin et al., 1999), and Punch (Kapadia and Fortes, 1999) which enable users to combine a set of distributed resources into one integrated Grid Workbench to allow users to measure nature (e.g, with microscope, telescope or particle accelerator), process the measured data according to fundamental mathematical equations (e.g. the Navier-Stokes or Maxwell equations), and provide computer simulations and animations to study and understand these complex phenomena.


A new method is proposed for the calculation of the conductivity of electrons in the lowest Landau level of a disordered two-dimensional system. A supersymmetric field-theoretic representation is used. The Goldstone modes are described by a one-dimensional theory with nearest-neighbour interaction, where the matrix-variable obeys the restriction of the nonlinear sigma model. An approximate evaluation of the transfer differential equations gives an analytical expression for the low-frequency conductivity σxx as a function of ω, which vanishes everywhere in the lowest Landau level as ω → 0.


The standard statistical hot spot model (SHSM) assumes that all hot-spot-triggered burn waves initiate simultaneously within homogenized volume elements. In reality the shock passes through such elements, lighting burn waves in a phased manner. Simple simulations are employed to illustrate the resulting shock-triggered heterogeneous reaction topology. These show that the conventional continuum prescription may not be satisfied. An alternative strategy yields a robust continuum description, and enables an extended analytic SHSM that reduces to the standard model as the burn-front to shock-speed ratio, β, approaches zero. Keywords: Detonation, Hot Spots, Heterogeneous Reaction, Reactive Burn Modeling, Homogenization


In this paper, we explore the feasibility of integrating data gleaned from home-based sensors and information from self reporting to support the self-management of Chronic Heart Failure. Time spent sleeping, television usage and utility usage were recorded by sensor based technology within the home environment for one participant over a 30 day period. Information in relation to a participant's daily self report was used to assist analysis in an effort to provide more meaningful and relevant feedback to the participant in relation to how they should manage their condition. The results indicate that trends which could lead to lifestyle change can be discovered. For example, whilst no particular cause of an unusual sleeping pattern event was discovered, the ability to identify such events could be important over longer periods of time. In conclusion, the findings from the study have suggested that feedback used to support self-management can be generated using both activity information and self report, and potentially benefits for the combination.


To investigate a role for dopamine (DA) in steroidogenesis in the rat ovary, ovarian cells of pregnant-mare-serum gonadotropin (PMSG)-treated rats were incubated with DA agonists, antagonists, adrenergic drugs and beta-blocker for 1 h. DA, norepinephrine (NE) and isoproterenol (Iso) increased the level of progesterone (P4) and cAMP in the conditioned medium. D1 agonists (SKF38393, SKF82526J, CY208-243) increased P4 secretion, while the D2 agonist, bromocriptine, showed no significant effect on P4 secretion. The effect of NE or Iso was inhibited by the beta-blocker propranolol (Pro), but was not suppressed by the D2 antagonist, domperidone. The effects of D1 agonists were suppressed by bulbocapnine (Bul), while neither Pro nor the D2 antagonist, domperidone, affected the levels of P4. The D1 receptor was demonstrated in the PMSG-treated rat ovary, and its Bmax was 1.33 fmol/mg tissue and the Kd was 0.357 nM. These results suggest that DA has a direct stimulatory effect on P4 secretion in PMSG-treated rat ovarian cells through they D1 receptor. The observed action may indicate a physiological role for DA in the regulation of ovarian functions in rats.


In order to correlate the levels of intratesticular testosterone and the status of spermatogenesis, the present study examined the spermatogenic responses of mature chronically hypophysectomized (HPX) rats to different regimens of testosterone (T) replacement, i.e. implantation of a 2 X 5 or 6 X 5 cm long testosterone capsule (TC), or injection of 25 mg or 100 mg of testosterone enanthate (TE) every 4 days for 90 days. These regimens restored the testicular testosterone of the HPX rats to 25-96% of that measured in normal control rats. The testis weight of untreated HPX rats was below 30% of the normal control values. It was restored to 60-80% of control values in the TC implanted rats and to 50% in those receiving TE injection. Complete spermatogenesis of HPX rats was restored in those receiving TC implants and 100 mg TE injections. It was incomplete in those given 25 mg TE injections. Quantitative evaluation of germ cells revealed that spermatogonial populations of HPX rats were restored to 70 and 50% of the normal levels in rats receiving TC implants and TE injection, respectively. Differentiation of these cells resulted in the population of preleptotene spermatocytes to the same extent as those observed in spermatogonia. The yield of spermatids in both TC- and TE-treated HPX rats was below 50% of normal controls. Ratios between two successive generations of germ cells in stage VII epithelium revealed both dosage and regimen effects upon the yield of meiotic cells and spermatids. These results suggest that both T concentration and the mode of T availability to the testis may be important for specific steps of germ cell development in different stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. The results of the present study demonstrate that as little as 25% of normal testicular T concentration is sufficient to support all stages of spermatogenesis. Failure to restore a normal germ cell number even in the presence of a normal testicular T concentration suggests the need of other factors for quantitative spermatogenesis. Furthermore, despite a higher testicular T concentration achieved by TE injections, the restoration of spermatogenesis was less pronounced by this regimen. This finding suggests that the consistency of testicular T may also be important for normal spermatogenesis.


Perovskite is the largest mineral on earth and has a variety of excellent physical and chemical properties. La1−xRxFeO3 (R = Co, Al, Nd, Sm) were synthesized using the sol-gel method and analyzed by XRD, TG-DTA, and VSM. With the increase in the Co2+ doping content, the diffraction peak drifted in the direction of a larger angle. The grain size of La1−xRxFeO3(R = Co) is mainly concentrated between 50.7 and 133.5 nm. As the concentration of Co2+ increased, the magnetic loop area and magnetization increased. La1−xRxFeO3(R = Al) is an orthorhombic perovskite structure, the grain size decreased with the increase in Al3+ doping concentration, and the minimum crystallite is 17.9 nm. The magnetic loop area and magnetization increased with the increase in Al3+ ion concentration. The enclosed area of the M-H curve of the sample decreased, and the ferromagnetic order gradually weakened and tended to be antiferromagnetic, which may be due to the increase in sintering temperature, decrease in the iron oxide composition, and changes in the magnetic properties. Proper doping can improve the magnetization of La1−xRxFeO3(R = Nd), refine the particles, and obtain better magnetic performance. As the Nd3+ ion concentration increased, the magnetic properties of the samples increased. Ms of La0.85Co0.15FeO3 prepared by different calcination time increases with the increase in calcination time. As the Sm3+ ion concentration increased, the magnetic properties of the samples increased. Proper doping can improve the magnetization of La1−xRxFeO3(R = Sm), refine the particles, and generate better magnetic performance.


Agricultural rooftop systems can be productive during the growing season which starts from mid-spring and lasts until mid-fall. The absence of snow load in summer time presents an opportunity to receive and accommodate the extra load from agricultural assemblies in order to turn the underutilized summer rooftops into productive organic food resource for the community.

For this purpose, roof morphology of 31 supermarkets in Mississauga has been reviewed through case study method along with exploration of urban-condition growing methods and requirements from recent literature and case studies. The results indicate the possibility of seasonal growing through extensive, intensive planter-based and hydroponic systems as well as hanging planters with trellises structure.


It is commonly held that the Board of Five (Vviri) created by Caesar's first lex agraria in 59 B. C. was a subcommission of the Board of Twenty (XXviri), and that a post on the former - which was invested with judicial powers - was offered to Cicero in c. July of that year. This is founded upon Cicero's puzzling reference to the post as both quinquevir and vigintivir. This paper argues two connected points: a) pace Mommsen, the two land commissions were in fact separate entities; and b) Cicero received two offers (first quinquevir, then vigintivir) some six months apart in markedly different political and personal circumstances


The objectives of this study were (1) to find out if there was a significant correlation between students' self-esteem and their reading comprehension achievement, and (2) to find out whether or not there was a significant contribution of self-esteem to the achievement of students' reading comprehension. The sample of this study was 118 eleventh-grade students of SMA Negeri 5 Palembang. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. In collecting the data, the researcher used two kinds of instruments, a self-esteem questionnaire and reading comprehension tests in a form of multiple-choice questions. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and Simple Linear Regression in SPSS version 21 were used to analyze the data. The result of Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient showed that (1) there was a significant correlation between self-esteem and students' reading comprehension achievement because p-value (0.000) was higher than (0.05), and (2) there was 47% contribution of self-esteem to students' reading comprehension achievement.


We have demonstrated the buried-channel p-MOSFET which is co-implanted with As and P ion as a punchthrough stopper. It is confirmed that the short-channel effect and the drive current were significantly improved by using this simple process. It is promising for deep submicron n/sup +/-poly single gate CMOS.


In its original concept, vaccination aims to mimic the development of naturally acquired immunity by inoculation of nonpathogenic but still immunogenic components of the pathogen in question, or closely related organisms. Vaccination is one of the most effective tools allowing near or complete eradication of fatal diseases. In recent times, vaccination was based on conventional approaches that were successful in several diseases but they require the pathogen to be grown in laboratory conditions, are time-consuming and allow for the identification of only the most abundant antigens, which can be purified in quantities suitable for vaccine testing. The conventional approach to vaccine development uses two methods: first, attenuation of pathogens by serial passages in vitro to obtain live-attenuated strains to be used as vaccines, and second, identification of protective antigens to be used in non-living, subunit vaccines. Using conventional vaccinology, vaccines targeting pathogens with low antigenic variability and those for which protection depends on antibody mediated immunity like polio, MMR, Tetanus, Influenza, and Diptheria, had been licensed. Furthermore, if we are dealing with non-cultivatable microorganisms or have high antigenic variability or need T cell-dependent induced immunity like MenB, TB, HIV, Hepatitis B & C, Malaria and parasite diseases, there is no advance to development a specific vaccine. With the development of the DNA sequencing technologies in the 1970s till recent years, we observed the completion of the sequencing of the genome of humans, a number of invertebrate species including Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans and expanding number of microbial pathogens of medical and economic importance (Dalton et al., 2003). Expansion of these sequence information developed new approaches to decode, analyze and share these massive genetic data. The most widely used term for these approaches is the genomics. Genomics, studying the genome of organisms as a whole, and postgenomics technologies including investigating RNA (transcriptomics), proteins (proteomics), identification of immunogenic proteins (immunomics) and metabolites (metabolomics), have had a considerable impact in all areas of biological research (Bambini and Rappuoli, 2009), and the field of vaccinology is no exception. There are many examples using these approaches to develop vaccines but this chapter will focus on the possible genome based approaches to confer vaccine developed immunity against two examples of endoand ecto-parasites such as malaria and ticks, respectively.


Title of dissertation: Constant Amplitude Zero Autocorrelation Sequences and Single Pixel Camera Imaging Mark Magsino, Doctor of Philosophy, 2018 Dissertation directed by: Professor John Benedetto Department of Mathematics The primary focus is on Constant Amplitude Zero Autocorrelation sequences, or CAZAC sequences for short. We provide both an exposition and some new results relating to CAZAC sequences. We then apply them to Gabor frames and prove a condition for checking when Gabor systems generated by a CAZAC sequence are tight frames. We also construct multiple examples using this condition. Finally, we explore natural generalizations of CAZAC sequences to the torus and the real line and provide examples highlighting the differences between the generalizations. In the last section, we highlight some work done in image processing. In particular, we present results in single-pixel camera imaging and the demosaicing problem in image processing. Constant Amplitude Zero Autocorrelation Sequences and Single Pixel Imaging


Impedance measurements as a function of the applied magnetic field are performed at high frequency using an experimental set-up specially adapted for planar samples, which is based on a microstrip transmission line. Microwave measurement techniques and a consistent data reduction procedure allow obtaining very detailed and accurate impedance measurements. The results for two different samples, an amorphous ribbon and a trilayer thin film, reveal the importance of the ferromagnetic resonance contribution at high frequency. Besides, fine details of the magneto-impedance behavior at low field confirm that it is mainly governed by magnetization processes. At high frequency, when the ferromagnetic resonance contribution at low field weakens, an impedance peak re-appears, that seems to be related with the usual peak that exists at low frequency.


This paper examines capital market integration in prewar Japan, using a methodology that allows for multiple equilibria in convergence. Specifically, we apply the method of log t regression and the club convergence test proposed by Phillips and Sul (2007) to examine the convergence of prefectural loan rates and detect the convergence clubs that followed heterogeneous transition paths. Whereas prefectural loan rates were converging towards two equilibria from 1888–1900, all the prefectural loan rates converged towards a unique equilibrium from 1901–1926. From 1927, however, the prefectural loan rates diverged again, and four different convergence clubs emerged. Restrictive regulation imposed by the Bank Law of 1928 reduced competition in local markets, increased barriers to interregional capital mobility, and, thereby, reversed capital market integration.


Treatment of acute cholangitis requires antibiotics and biliary drainage. Some patients develop a life threatening form requiring intensive care and urgent drainage. It is important to identify those patients as soon as possible.


Activity-dependent developmental maturation of the neocortical network is thought to involve the stabilization and potentiation of immature synapses. In particular, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term plasticity that is expressed presynaptically appears to be crucial for the selection of functionally adequate synapses. However, presynaptic expression of long-term plasticity in neocortical neurons has mainly been studied indirectly by electrophysiological techniques. Here we analyzed presynaptic plasticity directly by repeated imaging of actively cycling presynaptic vesicles with the styryl dye FM4-64 in cultured neocortical neurons at 34 degrees C. To monitor long-term changes, stimulation-induced saturating FM4-64 staining and subsequent destaining was performed twice with an interval of 1.5 h between stainings and with the first staining serving as a plasticity stimulus. In the vast majority of presynaptic release sites, we found an increase in the mean fluorescence intensity after the second staining indicating an enhanced number of cycling synaptic vesicles. Most intriguingly, we additionally observed the appearance of new active release sites. As demonstrated by the addition of the NMDA receptor antagonist d-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (d-AP5), both plasticity phenomena were strictly dependent on NMDA receptor activation. This suggests that a subpopulation of release sites was functionally silent during the first round of staining. Moreover, we studied a potential role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in this type of presynaptic plasticity by imaging BDNF-deficient neocortical neurons. The increase in fluorescence intensity was strongly inhibited in BDNF-knockout neurons and was absent in wild-type neurons in the presence of BDNF scavenging trkB receptor bodies. These results indicate that BDNF might play an important role as a plasticity-related messenger molecule in neocortical neurons.


BACKGROUND
Neuroradiologic imaging has revolutionised the management of brain tumours through precise presurgery diagnosis and accurate definition of the extent of disease. This report attempts to evaluate our five years of clinical experience with intracranial CT scanning in the management of adult brain tumours.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study included 160 adults with demonstrable brain tumours on CT imaging between 1997 and 2001. Surgical confirmation and histologic typings were recorded. All CT scans were carried out on Siemens Somatom AR.T scanner. A complete CT examination includes pre- and post-contrast examination done at 5 to 10 mm slice thickness and 10 mm interval from the base of skull to the vertex. All scans were viewed and documented in soft tissue and bone windows and multiplanar reconstruction appropriate for optimum visualisation of the areas of interest. All CT scans of the study population were analysed by age, sex, symptomatology, type and location of tumour.

RESULTS
There were 92 males and 68 females with a mean age of 48 +/- 0.68 years. Headache accounted for 41.2% of the presenting symptoms while cerebral hemispheric tumours are more frequently (60.6% ) encountered. Gliomas are the commonest group (68.8% ).

CONCLUSION
CT examination has improved the management of patients with brain tumours in our teaching hospital and will continue to remain the mainstream neuroradiologic imaging technique for a very long time.


Background Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of articular inflammatory rheumatic diseases that their gastrointestinal manifestations are around 10% of their extra-articular symptoms, supporting that the inflammatory response of the intestinal mucosa could be associated with the clinical status. Objectives To investigate the association between gastrointestinal symptoms and autoantibodies and disease activity between SpA patients, healthy subjects (HS), and patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods 102 SpA patients, 29 IBD patients, and 117 HS were included. Autoantibodies as ASCA, ANCA, anti-tTG, anti-DGP, ANA, and IgA were measured. The patients were assessed to evaluate clinical and gastrointestinal symptoms. An association analysis was performed using Chi square test and a logistic regression. Results Significant differences were found for ASCA levels in SpA (28.2%) compared to IBD (14.2%) and HS (6.0%) (p = 0.029), as well as for ANAS in SpA (49.5%) and IBD (37.9%) (p < 0.001) and abdominal pain (p = 0.012) between SpA (54.3%) and IBD (27.5%). Significant associations were found between BASDAI > 4 and gastrointestinal symptoms (p < 0.05) and IgA (p = 0.007). The association for abdominal bloating was maintained (OR: 3.93, CI-95%, 1.14–13.56; p = 0.030). Conclusions Gastrointestinal symptoms, ASCA, ANAS, and IgA levels were associated with high disease activity in SpA compared with IBD and HS.


This contribution presents the methodology of data acquisition concerning human activities in the Bay of Brest (Brittany, France). The objective is to model potential conflicts and potential impacts on renewable resources. A survey method was developed to collect spatial data from stakeholders using GIS as a mediation tool. Thirty-nine semi-structured interviews were carried out with key informants about several activities. A tablet PC enabled them to map their practice areas on a touch screen. These areas complement a multi-layer GIS database and provide maps for organised activities such as commercial fishing, nautical sports (windsurfing, sailing, kayak, rowing, scuba-diving) and maritime transportation (passengers). The use of GIS, and especially its dynamic multi-scale display capacity, also gives us the opportunity to monitor geographic data layers and scales used by stakeholders while disclosing their practice areas. This integrated GIS based methodology allows us to formalise the stakeholders experience and knowledge. Its contribution to a participatory process such as the Integrated Coastal Zone Management is discussed.


BACKGROUND: Composting is a significant source of nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions. Although numerous studies have correlated quantities of functional genes with N₂O production during composting, information is lacking about the variations of related microbial community structures. This study investigates the responses of ammonia oxidizing and nirK‐type denitrifying bacteria in terms of both community structures and quantities relating with N₂O emissions during pig manure composting with different techniques. RESULTS: The techniques (forced aeration, turn windrow and static pile) significantly affected the N₂O emissions during composting. The forced aeration treatment had the highest cumulative N₂O emission rate which accounted for 2.4% of the initial nitrogen. Terminal‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP) and clone sequencing analyses of bacterial amoA and nirK genes showed the variations in community structures of ammonia oxidizing and nirK‐type denitrifying bacteria under different composting techniques. Co‐existence of Nitrosomonas spp. with 45‐bp terminal restriction fragment (T‐RF) of the amoA gene and denitrifier with 189‐bp T‐RF of the nirK gene could contribute to the substantial emissions of N₂O in the forced aeration technique. CONCLUSIONS: Results from this study highlight the role of microbial community structure influencing N₂O emissions and provide unique insights for further understanding of the mechanisms of N₂O emissions among different composting techniques. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry


In this article, we construct an integrative model of urban competitiveness, which incorporates economic and non-economic dimensions, and combines determinants and indicators of a city's competitiveness. We apply this model to evaluating the competitiveness of Australian cities (Sydney and Melbourne), benchmarked against a group of counterpart global cities (New York, London, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Toronto, Frankfurt, Hong Kong, Singapore and Shanghai). The results reveal the global status of the Australian cities, and point out their competitive strength in the dimensions of Liveability and Attractiveness, Creativity and Diversity, and Environmental Sustainability, and competitive weakness in the dimensions of Governance, Connectivity and Enterprise Hub. We conclude with a discussion about enhancing the competitiveness of Australian global cities.


From the Publisher:
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Although the main theme of this meeting is the continuous care process from acute phase to chronic phase, it is also strongly emphasized on rehabilitation medicine. However, most of the patients who really need rehabilitation have not followed such a process. We will show you a patient with traumatic brain injury, who returned home directly from an acute phase hospital, who had difficulties in ADL and QOL. We took initiatives in medical and care services in order to support the patient and his family to alleviate his difficulties in ADL and QOL. Thereafter, he was able to continue living at home with more comfort. We must offer adequate medical rehabilitation and other necessary support providing medical services and welfare before a patient returns home.