As the life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH) on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) increases, so does morbidity from cerebrovascular disease and neurocognitive disorders. Brain arterial remodeling stands out as a novel investigational target to understand the role of HIV in cerebrovascular and neurocognitive outcomes. We therefore conducted a review of publications in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Wiley Online Library, from inception to April 2021. We included search terms such as HIV, cART, brain, neuroimmunity, arterial remodeling, cerebrovascular disease, and neurocognitive disorders. The literature shows that, in the post-cART era, PLWH continue to experience an increased risk of stroke and neurocognitive disorders (albeit milder forms) compared to uninfected populations. PLWH who are immunosuppressed have a higher proportion of hemorrhagic strokes and strokes caused by opportunistic infection and HIV vasculopathy, while PLWH on long-term cART have higher rates of ischemic strokes, compared to HIV-seronegative controls. Brain large artery atherosclerosis in PLWH is associated with lower CD4 nadir and higher CD4 count during the stroke event. HIV vasculopathy, a form of non-atherosclerotic outward remodeling, on the other hand, is associated with protracted immunosuppression. HIV vasculopathy was also linked to a thinner media layer and increased adventitial macrophages, suggestive of non-atherosclerotic degeneration of the brain arterial wall in the setting of chronic central nervous system inflammation. Cerebrovascular architecture seems to be differentially affected by HIV infection in successfully treated versus immunosuppressed PLWH. Brain large artery atherosclerosis is prevalent even with long-term immune reconstitution post-cART. HIV-associated changes in brain arterial walls may also relate to higher rates of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, although milder forms are more prevalent in the post-cART era. The underlying mechanisms of HIV-associated pathological arterial remodeling remain poorly understood, but a role has been proposed for chronic HIV-associated inflammation with increased burden on the vasculature. Neuroimaging may come to play a role in assessing brain arterial remodeling and stratifying cerebrovascular risk, but the data remains inconclusive. An improved understanding of the different phenotypes of brain arterial remodeling associated with HIV may reveal opportunities to reduce rates of cerebrovascular disease in the aging population of PLWH on cART.


Heavy boosted particles are being produced (or are expected, in the case of searches for new physics) in large quantities at the LHC. Unfortunately several search channels are normally not viable because of huge QCD backgrounds and non-perturbative contamination. Since the decay products of such particles tend to get clustered in the same jet however, it is possible to exploit the jet?s substructure to enhance signal significance. Many Monte Carlo studies of many different substructure techniques have been carried out so far, but little or no analytical insight into them is available. This work describes an original research aimed at filling this gap.As a first step towards a better understanding of jet substructure, we wish to investigate the solidity of common preferences of jet algorithms. Our benchmarks are jet rates. To start with, we use an approximate fixed-order approach in order to study the impact of different jet algorithms. The correctness of our results at the required accuracy is confirmed by checking against the program EVENT2. We then infer the resummation properties of these observables, allowing for a direct comparison of jet rates to the parton shower. Resummed results agree with Monte Carlo data from Herwig++. While carrying out this original work, a paper on a similar topic was published. Overlapping results are found to be in agreement. The important conclusion is that all inclusive algorithms (including anti-kT ) behave in the same way up to the considered accuracy.The next step is the study of substructure techniques, namely trimming, pruning and MDT. Again, we start with approximate fixed-order calculations. This provides enough information to write down resummed distributions, which clearly highlight the differences and similarities of the techniques under study. We propose several modifications to some of these, aimed to improve their performances; our final results are compared to Herwig++, and they turn out to be consistent with our predictions.A preliminary Monte Carlo study of signal efficiencies and significances completes this work, which constitutes an important first step towards an analytical understanding of the effects of substructure techniques on both signals and backgrounds.


Network oscillations are essential for all cognitive functions. Oscillatory deficits are well established in psychiatric diseases and are recapitulated in animal models. They are significantly and specifically affected by pharmacological interventions using psychoactive compounds. Dopamine D4 receptor (D4R) activation was shown to enhance gamma rhythm in freely moving rats and to specifically affect slow delta and theta oscillations in the urethane-anesthetized rat model. The goal of this study was to test the effect of D4R activation on slow network oscillations at delta and theta frequencies during wake states, potentially supporting enhanced functional connectivity during dopamine-induced attention and cognitive processing. Network activity was recorded in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HC) and nucleus reuniens (RE) in control conditions and after injecting the D4R agonist A-412997 (3 and 5 mg/kg; systemic administration). We found that A-412997 elicited a lasting (~40 min) wake state and drastically enhanced narrow-band delta oscillations in the PFC and RE in a dose-dependent manner. It also preferentially enhanced delta synchrony over theta coupling within the PFC-RE-HC circuit, strongly strengthening PFC-RE coupling. Thus, our findings indicate that the D4R may contribute to cognitive processes, at least in part, through acting on wake delta oscillations and that the RE, providing an essential link between the PFC and HC, plays a prominent role in this mechanism.


Objectives Chronic inflammation is associated with depressive symptoms and low positive affect. We aimed to assess dispositional optimism and depression severity in patients with early arthritis after one year of remission induction therapy. Methods In the IMPROVED-study patients with early rheumatoid and undifferentiated arthritis were treated with methotrexate (MTX) 25mg/week and 60mg/day of prednisone, tapered to 7.5mg/day in 7 weeks. Treatment goal is remission (disease activity score DAS <1.6). Patients who did not achieve early remission after 4 months were randomized to either a combination of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) 400mg/day, sulphasalazine (SSZ) 2000mg/day, MTX 25mg/week and prednisone 7.5mg/day (arm 1) or to adalimumab (ADA) 40mg/2weeks with MTX 25mg/week (arm 2). During the first year 134 patients filled out the Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT-R) to measure optimism (range 0-24) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) to assess depression symptom severity (range 0-63) every 4 months. Scores were compared with the Wilcoxon rank sum test after four months and 1 year between patients who did and did not achieve early remission and between patients with continued early remission after 1 year and patients who lost early remission at 1 year. Results Patients who did achieve early remission (n=91) had a significantly higher LOT (optimism) score after 4 months of initial treatment, median score 17 (interquartile range [IQR] 16-20), compared to patients who did not (n=43, median score 16; IQR 14-17, p<0.001). The BDI (depressive symptoms) scores were significantly lower in patients in early remission (median score 4; IQR 1-6) than in patients who were not (median 10; IQR 3-15; p<0.001). At 1 year treatment, the difference in median BDI scores became much more pronounced, but not so for the median optimism scores. BDI score at 1 year was median 2 (IQR 0-4) in patients who achieved remission later than 4 months versus 8 (IQR 3-14) in patients who did not (p=0.002). LOT scores were 17 (IQR 15-20) and 17 (IQR 14-18), respectively (p=0.16). BDI scores after 1 year in patients in continued early remission or who achieved later remission were similar (4; IQR 1-6 versus 2; IQR 0-4, p=0.44), LOT scores were 18 (IQR 15-21) and 17 (IQR 15-20), respectively (p=0.81). The BDI-score was 6 (IQR 2-8) in patients who lost early remission after 1 year and 4 (IQR 1-6) in those in continued remission (p=0.03), LOT scores were 17 (IQR 14-19) and 18 (IQR 15-21), respectively (p=0.09). Conclusions In patients with early rheumatoid or undifferentiated arthritis where treatment was aimed at achieving remission, depressive symptom severity scores at 4 months and 1 year were lower if patients were in remission at those time points. Optimism scores were relatively stable over time, reflecting the trait-like character of optimism, although remission had a positive influence. Disclosure of Interest L. Heimans Grant/Research support from: Abbott, K. Wevers-de Boer: None Declared, K. Visser: None Declared, J. van Groenendael: None Declared, L. Lard: None Declared, P. de Sonnaville: None Declared, R. van der Mast: None Declared, E. Giltay: None Declared, T. Huizinga: None Declared, C. Allaart: None Declared


This paper reports the influence of gas plasma flux on endotoxin lipid A film deactivation. To study the effect of the flux magnitude of reactive species, a modified low-pressure inductively coupled plasma (ICP) with O radical flux ∼1016 cm−2 s−1 was used. After ICP exposures, it was observed that while the Fourier transform infrared absorbance of fatty chains responsible for the toxicity drops by 80% through the film, no obvious film endotoxin deactivation is seen. This is in contrast to that previously observed under low flux exposure conducted in a vacuum beam system: near-surface only loss of fatty chains led to significant film deactivation. Secondary ion mass spectrometry characterization of changes at the film surface did not appear to correlate with the degree of deactivation. Lipid A films need to be nearly completely removed in order to detect significant deactivation under high flux conditions. Additional high reactive species flux experiments were conducted using an atmospheric pressure helium plasma jet and a UV/ozone device. Exposure of lipid A films to reactive species with these devices showed similar deactivation behaviour. The causes for the difference between low and high flux exposures may be due to the nature of near-surface structural modifications as a function of the rate of film removal.


In this paper we introduce the ATLAS [Architecture and Tools for Linguistic Analysis Systems] architecture by describing how a proposed annotation task would be modeled using ATLAS concepts. We first present a brief motivation for this work and then move on to describe an example annotation task that will serve as the basis for this paper. Next we model the example task using ATLAS. We describe how the introduction of the new Meta-Annotation construct enables us to move forward by allowing unambiguous description of the annotation task and modeling of relations between the different annotation elements. We conclude by describing the current state of the ATLAS framework.


To find the failure propagation mechanism from the complex electromechanical system of aircraft engine, this paper used the topological structure to describe the coupling relations, discussing the role of topological geometry method in the failure propagation. The topological structure statistical properties of the system were analyzed with small world net theory??and a failure propagation model based on the small world clustering was proposed, and the failure propagation paths and relevant key nodes with high pervasion ability were found with the Dijkstra algorithm. The results verify that this method can effectively find the weak point in the system, and provide an important basis for design improvements and failure prevention.


We conducted a systematic review of the contemporary scientific literature to (a) identify consensus, where it exists, regarding factors associated with membership in terrorist organizations and/or perpetration of terrorist attacks; (b) drive future research directions; and (c) inform evidence-based counterterrorism strategies. Systematic searches of 6 databases identified 205 articles that met inclusion criteria. Of these, 50 articles reported on findings of empirical research, 24 reported inferential statistics, and 6 of these compared characteristics of known terrorists to nonterrorists. Across various aspects of terrorism and terrorists (e.g., type of terrorist, attack type), articles rarely specified their focus. When examined factors typically focused on characteristics of the individual. Review of the empirical findings suggest 9 variables with at least some support for their association with terrorism: age, socioeconomic status, prior arrest, education, employment, relationship status, having a grievance, geographic locale, and type of geographic area. However, given the limitations of the research, there is insufficient evidence to conclude that any of these variables are empirically supported risk factors. Findings identified additional characteristics of an individual (i.e., country of birth, Islamic faith, military experience, foreign travel history, family or friend in a terrorist or extremist organization) and their environment (i.e., income inequality, media and government influences) that merit further evaluation. Findings also emphasized the importance of a triggering event. Finally, findings indicate that some widely accepted "risk" factors have limited empirical support for their association with terrorism. A focus on these factors might contribute to discrimination and reduce the effectiveness of counterterrorism strategies.


Background: In an ongoing project to evaluate essential oils as modulators of antibiotic resistance, the essential oil from Origanum vulgare L. (OVEO), as well as its individual constituents carvacrol (CAR) and thymol (THY), were investigated using Staphylococcus aureus strains possessing efflux mechanisms of resistance to norfloxacin, erythromycin and tetracycline. Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the antibiotics were determined by agar dilution method, in the absence and in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of OVEO, CAR or THY. Results: Along with relevant antistaphylococcal activity, OVEO, CAR and THY modulated the activity of tetracycline, i.e. in combination with antibiotics a reduction in the MIC was observed (up to fourfold). Conclusions: The results presented here represent, as far as we know, the first report of OVEO, CAR and THY as putative efflux pump inhibitors. Broadly, these findings indicate that essential oils could serve as potential sources of compounds capable of modulating drug resistance.


The photochemical reactions of bicyclo[2.1.0]pentane with bromine, bromotrichloromethane, t-butyl hypochlorite, di-t-butyl peroxide, and N-bromosuccinimide have been investigated. Trichloromethyl, t-butoxyl, and succinimidyl radicals abstract hydrogen from the C4 ring. The expected bicyclopentyl radicals were not detected and if they are discrete intermediates they must rearrange by fission of the C(1)–C(4) bond common to the two rings to form cyclopent-3-enyl radicals. The e.s.r. spectrum of the latter radicals was obtained. Bromine (and chlorine) atoms may abstract hydrogen, but their major pathway involves attack at the bridgehead carbon atoms in an SH2 reaction with fission of the C(1)–C(4) bond to give 3-halogenocyclopentyl radicals.


In this article we present a "methodological assemblage" and technological prototype connecting autoethnography to the practices of self-research in personal science. As an experimental process of personal data gathering, one of the authors used a low-tech device for the active registration of events and their perception, in a case study on disengaging from his smartphone. For the visualization of this data the other author developed a novel treatment of fieldnotes in analytic autoethnography through an open source, interactive notebook. As a proof of concept, we provide a detailed description of the corresponding protocol and prototype, also making available the notebook source code and the quantitative-qualitative open dataset behind its visualization. This highly personalized methodological assemblage represents a technological appropriation that combines self-research and autoethnography—two disciplinary perspectives that share a type of inquiry based on situated knowledge, departing from personal data as empirical basis. Despite recent autoethnographic literature on the phenomenon of self-tracking and the Qualified Self, our contribution addresses a lack of studies in the opposite direction: how the practice of self-research mediated by technology can lead to bridges with digital autoethnography, validating their hybrid combination. After addressing diverse conceptual, ontological and methodological similarities and differences between personal science and autoethnography, we contextualize the case study of digital disengagement and provide a detailed description of the developed self-protocol and the tools used for data gathering.


We considered an incompressible fluid motion driven by space-dependent body force. For a one-dimensional case, the problem was solved analytically, with the arbitrary choice of body force coordinate dependence. It was shown that unsteady fluid flow can be represented as a series of separate modes, each with its own characteristic response time.


We derive a compact expression for the moment-generating function (MGF) of the output of a generalized selection combiner for independent but nonidentically distributed Rayleigh fading paths which is then used to derive a single integral expression for the symbol error probability of, for example, M-PSK. Because of the simple product form of the MGF and its ability to be expressed as a partial fraction expansion, we are then able to invert this function to derive the probability density function and cumulative distribution function of the combiner output from which the outage probability can then be evaluated in closed form. An example, of the latter is given for an exponentially decaying power delay profile.


Previous studies have implied that chemotaxis defects of neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) can be found in approximately 75% of patients with juvenile periodontitis (JP). In the present study, the Leading Front (LF) method was used to study whether the chemotactic response of PMNs from JP-patients differed from that of adult periodontitis (AP) patients and periodontally healthy control individuals (C). Sixteen JP-patients, 21 AP-patients, and 13 C-individuals were studied. PMNs from each individual, and from a daily reference person were tested against three chemoattractants (N-f-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP), casein (CA), bacterial chemotactic factor (BCF] and a neutral buffer (Gey's solution (GEY]. Regardless of the test solution a greater difference among individuals could be observed in the JP-group than in the other groups. Apart from this, there were no differences among the groups as regards CA, BCF, and GEY. However, with FMLP, the PMNs of the JP-group had a significantly greater migration distance as compared to the other groups. This finding can probably be ascribed to the fact that the LF method detects other aspects of the PMN response than do the methods used for earlier studies of JP. The finding, in this study, of an enhanced PMN response in JP as regards FMLP may be a reflection of the presence of a non-uniform PMN population whose composition in JP differs from that of the other groups.


In Reply.— It is a pleasure to respond to the comments of Dr Yasnoff and his associates. Although my review was limited to computers in the clinical laboratory, clearly the use of computers in medicine includes a wide range of topics, involving all medical specialities. With regard to in-line documentation, my experience is quite different from that of Dr Yasnoff and his associates. By in-line documentation, I mean a complete description of program flow and program logic, incorporated within the program itself. Such in-line documentation is not "nearly as old as programming." In our experience, the in-line approach solves many documentation problems. Documentation as part of the computer program is "on hand" and easily updated when programs are revised. Because in-line documentation is updated when programs are revised, it accurately reflects "real life" code. This improved accuracy greatly facilitates program maintenance. Our favorable experience is consistent with experience at other


In medical applications such as recognizing the type of a tumor as Malignant or Benign, a wrong diagnosis can be devastating. Methods like Fuzzy Support Vector Machines (FSVM) try to reduce the effect of misplaced training points by assigning a lower weight to the outliers. However, there are still uncertain points which are similar to both classes and assigning a class by the given information will cause errors. In this paper, we propose a two-phase classification method which probabilistically assigns the uncertain points to each of the classes. The proposed method is applied to the Breast Cancer Wisconsin (Diagnostic) Dataset which consists of 569 instances in 2 classes of Malignant and Benign. This method assigns certain instances to their appropriate classes with probability of one, and the uncertain instances to each of the classes with associated probabilities. Therefore, based on the degree of uncertainty, doctors can suggest further examinations before making the final diagnosis.


A Universal Field of Quantum-Consciousness is postulated for interpreting non-locality, without violating the laws of classical physics, by virtue of the inherent attribute of unity of the phenomenon of quantum-consciousness. By substantiating unity of quantum-consciousness, in terms of its contribution in the neuroscientific evolution of unity of human-consciousness, plausibility of the Universal Field of Quantum-Consciousness is explored as an ontological interface between the classical and quantum- physics.


The Intelligent Decision Support System (IDSS) model for air-conditioning cooling/heating sources selection of city buildings was developed with the comprehensive indexes of energy utilization efficiency and environmental protection concerned at the same time. The knowledge representation mode and inference control strategy were analyzed, while the constructing idea, working procedure and realizing technique for knowledge base and inference engine were also discussed. The IDSS model developed using C language was verified to have small kernel and powerful capability in list processing and data driving, which was successfully used in the scheme choice of cooling/heating sources for an urban office building. KeywordsIntelligent Decision Support System; environmental protection; energy utilization efficiency; cooling/heating sources; city building


ABSTRACT This study analyzed the relationship between the resilience developed by social work students and the professional skills acquired during their university degree program. A longitudinal study was conducted over 4 academic years. Participants were 73 social work students at the University of Malaga (Spain). The results show a gradual increase in the development of resilience and in the acquisition of professional skills among the students during the 4-year period. Panel model analysis shows that the two processes were stable and reciprocal throughout the social work training process. The results suggest that resilience had a stronger effect on professional skills than the latter had on resilience. In conclusion, resilience is a relevant component of university training of future social workers.


Enantioselective anti-L-amino acid antibodies conjugated to gold nanoparticles are shown to facilitate the detection of latent fingermarks by interacting with amino acids present in friction ridge secretions. This antibody-based system is particularly effective for the enhancement of aged and dried fingermarks on non-porous surfaces, an area unexploited by current techniques.


This paper is written in order to explain all about the act of issuing government bonds in Indonesia. It starts with the background, which was the collapse of many banks, then, the consequences of this act. The huge number of these bonds relative to all variables in economy such as MI, M2, and also GDP will make some problems in the future. It will burden the budget by worsening the deficit and also influence the allocation. Furthermore it has crowding out effect to the private sector. Another big problem is how to market these bonds. Facing the condition of capital market that still underdeveloped, it will be difficult to sale the bonds. At the last part of this paper, some suggestions that can be implemented in order to solve some of the problems are offered, especially-about the development of the capital market.


Workplace disability has a great impact on the outcome of employee. Therefore, the field of workplace disability has received increasing attention and is one of the least researched as well as most poorly defined area of human resource management, and it has an enormous effect on companies that hire staff. The present study presents a bibliometric examination and visualization of the workplace disability research discipline along with a comprehensive review of the literature stemming from the database of Scopus. Using visualization tools, we look at a variety of influential authors, organizations, countries, and keywords in detail. Following this, the main resources and locations in the workplace where employees with disabilities work are located in order to identify the most critical research topics using citation analysis and reference co-citation analysis. This research paper will help researchers as well as practitioners who are interested in workplace disability in staying up to date on the most relevant current research and investigate fresh avenues of inquiry.


Particles "Yo" , " Ne" , " Yone" in "Kindai Nogaku Shu" were examined by the discrete wavelets multi-resolution analysis. As a result, it has been clarified that "Yone" , appeared one time in the last volume, is used implicitly for independence and occupies the whole work in form of replacing of "Yo" comparatively many appearance in frequency. The appearance in frequency of three elements of particles "Yo", "Ne", "Yone" was visualized by the wavelets resolution levels 1 to 4 representations which are corresponding from the average of the whole work to the rate of change in each of the adjacent volumes, respectively. It is evident that maximum amplitude is different in each level and the particle taking maximum value becomes an index to judge a tendency. The wavelets analysis has visualized that the tendency of this work is taking situation of insistence from level 1 indicating average.


Face perception and recognition have attracted more attention recently in multidisciplinary fields such as engineering, psychology, neuroscience, etc. with the advances in physical/physiological measurement and data analysis technologies. In this paper, our main interest is building computational models of human face recognition based on psychological experiments. We specially focus on modeling human face recognition characteristics of average face in the dimension of distinctiveness. Psychological experiments were carried out to measure distinctiveness of face images and their results are explained by computer analysis results of the images. Two psychological experiments, 1) Classical experiment of distinctiveness rating and, 2) Novel experiment of recognition of an average face were performed. In the later experiment, we examined on how the average face of two face images was recognized by a human in a similarity test respect to the original images which were utilized for the calculation of the average face. To explain results of the psychological experiments, eigenface spaces were constructed based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Significant correlation was found between human and PCA based computer recognition results. Emulation of human recognition of faces is one of the expected applications of this research. key words: face recognition, distinctiveness rating, average face, principal component analysis (PCA), eigenface


This paper presents a new stochastic adaptive estimation-identification technique for nonstationary systems. The proposed method enhances the initial results from an on average estimation, and its identification, through a generalized adaptable function based on the Exponential Forgetting Factor (EFF), and the Sliding Mode (SM) regarding the error identification. In this form, the presented process includes the function implementation in three stages–estimation, adaptive estimation, and adaptive estimation-identification, allowing us to observe the gradual convergence to a nonstationary reference signal. Simulations first introduce convergence level checks obtained from the estimation and identification of artificial signals. After that, the algorithm is applied for real references, considering the Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals taken from a public database, finding their internal nonstationary gains, indirectly. Finally, the results include a performance comparison between the proposed strategy concerning the Recursive Least Square (RLS), the Least Mean Square (LMS), and the Kalman Filter (KF).


Residual stress (RS) pattern of thick T-joint welds, which directly affects fatigue life, varies considerably depending on the thickness and number of passes. Nowadays, most approaches to predict fatigue life do not consider RS real value due to the difficulty of estimating them, hence, they tend to be conservatives. However, recent works have demonstrated that considering RS the conservative error in life prediction can be reduced down to around 15%.In the present work, the fatigue performance of multipass T-joints of S275JR plates for a thickness range from 20 to 60mm is evaluated considering RS. It is observed that maximum RS value for thick plates decreases progressively (down to 66% of yield stress). Consequently, fatigue performance of different thickness T-joint samples subjected to the same stress load cycles varies considerably in the HCF regime.Copyright © 2016 by ASME


This paper explores heterogeneous exits—bankruptcy, voluntary liquidation, and merger—by focusing on new firms. Using a sample of approximately 16,000 firms founded in Japan during 1997–2004, we examine the determinants of new-firm exit according to forms of exit. Regarding industry-specific characteristics, our findings indicate that new firms in capital-intensive and R&D-intensive industries are less likely to go bankrupt. In industries characterized by large amounts of capital and low price–cost margins, new firms are more likely to exit through voluntary liquidation and merger. Region-specific characteristics, such as regional agglomeration and unemployment rate, have significant effects on the hazards of exit, and their effects vary across different forms of exit. Moreover, we provide evidence that firm-specific characteristics, such as the number of employees, and entrepreneur-specific characteristics, such as educational background and age, play significantly different roles in determining each form of exit.


An internet condolence letter has become a new form of communication in special circumstances. The selection of appropriate vocabulary plays a vital role in writing internet condolence letters as it is indirectly connected with expressing sympathy, support and understanding. In addition, the form of addressing the recipient often determines the right reception of a condolence letter. A recipient is identified in apostrophes in many ways. His or her nationality is emphasized most frequently. Also, ethnicity and social relationships are quite often indicated. Very emotional apostrophes directed to the dead have also been found in the analyzed material. Each kind of identification requires using suitable means of expression. Many of them contain additional emotive language. The analyzed apostrophes are very emotional and full of positive evaluative expressions. All the same, there are also many official, almost pompous constructions.


With polymerblends developi ng rapidly, studieson graft copolymerization have more recently beencarriedout widely. Radical graft copolymers, which canbe obtained by use of special initiators, a chain transfer reaction, radiation polymerization, light polymerization, mechanics andliving free radicals etc,arerequired in applicationfields of polymer alloys (blends),compatibility improvement s,surfacemodifications,andsoon. The radical processto obtain graft copolymers using peroxidemonomers,which haveonedoublebond in the molecule, has beenpreviously investigated, however, the grafting efficiency was low. In the process, the graft polymerization was initiated by cleaving of the pendant peroxy groups on the copolymerbackbone, which was obtainedby copolymerizing the vinyl monomerwith the peroxidemonomer . The reaction canbeshown schematically asfollows:


Student perceptions of negative campus climate were predictive of Asian American students' depression levels in spite of students' entering proclivities toward depression and in spite of varying institutional types. In addition, these findings were consistent whether individual Asian American perceptions of campus climate were entered into the equation or whether institutional levels of campus perceptions (which included all racial and ethnic groups) were entered into the equation. Therefore, higher education institutions that are perceived by students to discriminate against individuals based on race or ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, or disability may put their Asian American students at risk for severe psychological consequences. Implications for mental health services are discussed.


Background: Open heart surgery patients experience too much mental pressure, so this study has been made to investigate the relation between the anxiety and hope to life in open heart surgery patients. Methods: This study is a cross sectional study. Eighty patients, who have been the candidates for open-heart surgery in Fatemeh Zahra hospital in Sari-Iran, were selected through convenience sampling method. The data collection instruments included standard questionnaires to measure life hope, anxiety and life expectancy. The data were analyzed MANCOVA and Pierson. Results: Theresults showed that there was no significant statistical difference between anxiety scores and hope to life before open-heart surgery and a month after that (P>0.005). In addition, the correlation intensity between anxiety and hope to life was reversed, defective and significant (P=0.000 and r=-0.930). Conclusion: The finding of present study indicated that open-heart surgery patients have tolerated and experienced too much anxiety and also have low hope to life, therefore, they need more training and social and family support. Key words: Anxiety, Hope, Open heart surgery, Life expectancy, Stress.


Modern biomedical ethics is based on a rich tradition of systematic moral thought, both philosophical and religious. In the XXI century, the interaction and synthesis of natural and humanitarian disciplines are of paramount importance in the system of biomedical education. One of the ways to solve this problem for future specialists is to study the foundations of biomedical ethics, the formation of a bioethical culture of future doctors. Among the ancient scientists of Central Asia who became famous in the field of medicine and pharmacy, a prominent place is occupied by Abuali Ibn Sino (Avicenna), whose life and work can serve as an example of national and historical identity, patriotic education of the youth of Uzbekistan. The emergence of such a phenomenon as the "Muslim Renaissance" and in this context the life and work of Avicenna, his role in the history of the development of medicine in Uzbekistan, are devoted to many, which, like others, were included in the materials of this study. A kind of bridge from ancient medicine to the medicine of the Renaissance and further to modern medicine was the legacy of doctors in Central Asia and Arab physicians. At present, the social, legal and economic aspects of ethical problems of key issues of bioethics in the field of health, medicine and biomedical technologies in the context of the Islamic faith continue to be studied.


The growth of emerging digital technologies has led to premature and inconsistent conclusions about the relationship between circular economy and value chain activities. A structured, systematic review approach was used to examine the titles and abstracts of 912 papers from the circular economy and digital transformation, strategic management, and operations management literature. We looked at a relevant selection of 79 articles to develop a research agenda. The literature review helped identify strategic initiatives impacting the firm value chain's redesign involving logistics capabilities, marketing, sales, and service. Outcomes of this study make significant contributions to the field. First, firms must reorganize their business models that align with their value chain activities. Second, the literature review in this study adds to a growing understanding of the field of research by showing that engaging with Industry 4.0 and the circular economy is desirable and necessary for internalizing knowledge flows across different value chain actors. Third, this study is a first step in the right direction in developing and understanding the critical role of value chains and evolving business models in a global economy with calls for more sustainable development.


This article investigates whether public funds should support R&D and if so, how such support should be designed in order to be efficient and to comply with the legal requirements stated in EU law and in domestic budget law. The article puts the emphasis on tax expenditure and, in particular, on tax incentives. The findings show that Member States should only subsidize projects where the social benefit exceeds the private benefit. However, in reality, such selection proves impossible, and even if it was possible, EU State aid law could prohibit it.


Erythropoietin (EPO) is the main regulator of erythropoiesis, and its receptor (EPOR) is expressed in various tissues, including tumors. Expression of EPOR in breast cancer tissue has been shown to correlate with expression of the estrogen receptor (ER). However, EPOR promotes proliferation in an EPO-independent manner. In patients with breast cancer, EPOR is associated with impaired tamoxifen response in ER-positive tumors, but not in ER-negative tumors. Furthermore, a positive correlation between EPOR/ER status and increased local cancer recurrence has been demonstrated, and EPOR expression is associated with G-protein coupled ER (GPER). Herein, we assessed the effects of EPOR on cell physiology and tamoxifen response in the absence of EPO stimulation using two cell lines that differ only in their EPOR expression status: RAMA 37 cells (low EPOR expression) and RAMA 37-28 cells (high EPOR expression). Alterations in cell growth, morphology, response to tamoxifen cytotoxicity, and EPOR-activated signal transduction were observed. RAMA 37 cells showed higher proliferation capacity without tamoxifen treatment, while RAMA 37-28 cells were more resistant to tamoxifen and proliferated more rapidly in the presence of tamoxifen. EPOR overexpression induced cell-morphology changes upon tamoxifen treatment, which resulted in the production of cell protrusions and subsequent cell death. Short-term treatment with tamoxifen (6 h) prompted RAMA 37 cells to acquired longer protrusions than RAMA 37-28 cells, which indicated a pre-apoptotic stage. Furthermore, prolonged treatment with tamoxifen (72 h) caused a greater reduction in RAMA 37 cell numbers, which indicated a higher rate of cell death. RAMA 37-28 cells showed prolonged activation of AKT signaling. We propose sustained AKT phosphorylation in EPOR-overexpressing cells as a mechanism that can lead to EPOR-induced tamoxifen resistance.


In this thesis the factors influencing the formation of a binary compound and the proton transfer within the binary compound have been investigated. The formation of a binary compound, or heteromeric system, over a homomeric system requires the heteromeric system to be more energetically favourable than the homomeric system. In some circumstances, however, no solid crystallises at all. Proton transfer within the binary compound can lead to the formation of a salt, whereas a binary compound containing neutral components is called a co-crystal. The 'rule of three' which predicts that proton transfer requires a difference of at least three units between the pKa of the acid and the pKa of the conjugate acid has also been investigated. In particular the relevance of this rule to diprotic acids and bases, and amide groups has been examined. The expression of starting material properties in the binary compounds was also explored. To achieve this an array of diacids and bases have been chosen that consist of ?,?-alkanedicarboxylic acids, ?,?-alkenedicarboxylic acids and tartaric acids with a selection of aliphatic amines, nitrogen-containing heterocycles and imidazole derivatives. The nitrogen-containing heterocycles include some amide functionalities. These compounds have been systematically crystallised together using a liquid-handling robot in a high-throughput manner commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry. The novel structures of 42 salts, 11 co-crystals and 6 mixed co-crystal/salt systems have been prepared and characterised using single crystal X-ray diffraction. Together with the binary compounds already present on the CSD, this has provided the opportunity to assess the impact of various factors on the crystal structures and properties of a total of 61 salts, 11 co-crystals and 8 mixed salt/co-crystal systems. Across the series of ?,?-alkanedicarboxylic acids it has been found that members with an even number of carbons in their alkyl chain (even diacids) form binary compounds more often than those with an odd number of carbons (odd diacids). The diacids with four carbons in their alkyl chains are most likely to form binary compounds. The melting point alternation seen in the ?,?-alkanedicarboxylic acids is also expressed in the binary products. This is particularly prominent with the 2-imidazoldinone-alkanedicarboxylic acid co-crystals, where the supramolecular structure formed by the even diacids is different to that formed by the odd diacids. This has been attributed to the different orientation of the carboxyl groups in the odd diacids. Although the 'rule of three' has been found to be applicable to the first ionisation of the diacids, it does not account for the ubiquitous formation of diprotonated bases where the pKa difference is often less than 2 units. Indeed the stoichiometry of the binary compounds was found to often be unpredictable and difficult to rationalise simply. The deprotonation of the diacids appeared to be determined by the optimal hydrogen bonding motifs rather than the pKa. There were also found to be similarities in supramolecular structures within the groups of compounds which could be used to predict the structures of other similar compounds.


ABSTRACT Objectives This study explores whether young, low-income mothers' prenatal attachment to their infants is related to attachment and parenting behaviour postnatally. Background A small literature has documented continuity in maternal attachment from pregnancy to postpartum and shown that early maternal attachment is associated with positive parenting behaviour. Less is known about whether prenatal attachment has a unique impact on parenting behaviour, or if it is primarily a step in the development of postnatal attachment, which in turn influences parenting. Additionally, it is unclear whether associations between attachment and early parenting might be attributable to other factors such as depressive symptoms. Method This longitudinal study followed young primiparous mothers from pregnancy through 3-weeks postnatal. 240 ethnically/racially diverse low-income American women reported their attachment-related thoughts and feelings and their depressive symptoms during pregnancy and postnatally. At 3 weeks postpartum, mothers were observed interacting with their infant. Results There was stability in attachment and depressive symptoms from pregnancy to postpartum. In multivariate path models, prenatal attachment was directly associated with two types of parenting behaviour: positive engagement and encouragement of learning, even when accounting for depressive symptoms and postnatal attachment. There was an indirect effect of prenatal attachment on sensitivity through postnatal attachment. Conclusion The foundation of a mother's emotional connection to her infant begins before birth. Parenting support programmes for young mothers should begin during pregnancy. Supporting the establishment of positive prenatal attachment may also have a positive influence on later parenting behaviour among mothers, including mothers experiencing depressive symptoms.


PURPOSE
Commonly used radiopharmaceuticals were tested to define the most important dosimetric factors in preclinical studies. Dosimetric calculations were applied in two different whole-body mouse models, with varying organ size, so as to determine their impact on absorbed doses and S-values. Organ mass influence was evaluated with computational models and Monte Carlo(MC) simulations.

METHODS
MC simulations were executed on GATE to determine dose distribution in the 4D digital MOBY mouse phantom. Two mouse models, 28 and 34 g respectively, were constructed based on realistic preclinical exams to calculate the absorbed doses and S-values of five commonly used radionuclides in SPECT/PET studies (18F, 68Ga, 177Lu, 111In and 99mTc).Radionuclide biodistributions were obtained from literature. Realistic statistics (uncertainty lower than 4.5%) were acquired using the standard physical model in Geant4. Comparisons of the dosimetric calculations on the two different phantoms for each radiopharmaceutical are presented.

RESULTS
Dose per organ in mGy was calculated for all radiopharmaceuticals. The two models introduced a difference of 0.69% in their brain masses, while the largest differences were observed in the marrow 18.98% and in the thyroid 18.65% masses.Furthermore, S-values of the most important target-organs were calculated for each isotope. Source-organ was selected to be the whole mouse body.Differences on the S-factors were observed in the 6.0-30.0% range. Tables with all the calculations as reference dosimetric data were developed.

CONCLUSION
Accurate dose per organ and the most appropriate S-values are derived for specific preclinical studies. The impact of the mouse model size is rather high (up to 30% for a 17.65% difference in the total mass), and thus accurate definition of the organ mass is a crucial parameter for self-absorbed S values calculation.Our goal is to extent the study for accurate estimations in small animal imaging, whereas it is known that there is a large variety in the anatomy of the organs.


Genomic instability represented by genetic and epigenetic changes is a hallmark of oncogenesis and tumor progression. The study of genomic instability using conventional methods has necessarily been restricted to regions of unique DNA and excludes repetitive DNA sequences. Repeat elements derived from mobile DNAs comprise a large portion of the human genome and are known sources of genetic variation in humans. Active transposable elements (TE) have recently been shown to cause genetic heterogeneity in tumors through somatic insertions. The functional impact of inherited and somatically acquired TE in cancer development and progression remains unproven. To begin to understand the roles of these mobile DNA elements in transformed cells, we used a novel genomic method to map TEs in a panel of well-characterized human cancer cell lines. Using transposon insertion profiling (TIP)-chip we discover transposition competent families of L1 and Alu TEs. This technique recovered many known reference and polymorphic insertions, novel polymorphisms shared by unrelated tumor cell lines, as well as unique, potentially tumor-specific insertions. Insertions were discovered in several important oncogenes such as KRAS, ALK and BRAF. Most insertions discovered were intronic or intergenic, however 16 TEs were putative exonic. Analysis of the novel and polymorphic insertions revealed a relative enrichment of L1 and Alu insertions in cancer gene loci that are mutated in human cancers or implicated in tumor development in forward genetic screens (p=7.74e-10). We also report associations of individual insertion sites with cellular phenotypes, including DNA methylation status, RNA and protein expression, and drug sensitivities. Epigenetic, gene expression and gene pathway associations were evaluated to delineate local (cis) from pathway (trans) effects. We identified several examples of cis effects of TEs on gene structure as well as nearly 250 curated proliferation pathways affected by a TE insertion. These data suggest that TE insertions may function locally to alter genomic structure or act more globally in concert with other genetic mechanisms to promote the development and progression of several common tumor types. Citation Format: John G. Zampella, Wan Rho Yang, Nemanja Rodric, Cheng Ran Lisa Huang, Jane Welch, Veena P. Gnanakkan, Toby C. Cornish, Jef D. Boeke, Kathleen H. Burns. Mapping mobile DNAs in human cancer cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3148. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3148


The success of community development in improving their welfare through the size of income per capita, it can be done with the provision of economic infrastructure. As done by the Government of Nganjuk Regency managed to build the welfare of  its people through the provision of economic infrastructure, such as electrical installations, clean water customers and the existence of long paved roads. This is proven through research by using multiple logarithm regression analysis by paying attention to partial test result (t test), f test and coefficient of determination. Partial results show significant numbers and f test also shows partial numbers.
Therefore, this research answer the purpose of research to know the role and the relation of independent variable of the number of electricity subscribers (X1), the amount of water product of PDAM Nganjuk (X2) and the length of the road with good condition (X3) with the dependent variable of community welfare in this case income per capita society Nganjuk (Y).
This study uses saturated sample data or all time series data from 2001-2014) obtained by research from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) of Nganjuk Regency. Researchers use Eview's data version 8 to get statistical value so that this research can be done in accordance with the purpose of research.


In 1921, the city of New Orleans filled the fairground amphitheater with a production of Nina Lamkin's popular, patriotic pageant America, Yesterday and Today. A newspaper article describes the spectacle: "The amphitheater at the fairgrounds was filled at 4 o'clock on Thursday afternoon, when the horse races followed, without extra charge, by the pageant that told the story of the making of America." The newspaper article goes on to describe the genuine commitment of community members to participate in the pageant, indicating that "some farmers and their families drove 10 miles for rehearsals of their episodes" for over a month ("Orleans Bureau" 85). As evidenced by the article in Farm Bureau News, small and large towns alike heartily believed in the pageant's ability to generate a spirit of neighborliness and participation in civic duty within local communities. During the first half of the twentieth century, pageantry was wildly popular in America for people of all ages. In 1913, William Chauncey Langdon, president of the American Pageant Association, proudly announced, "North and South, East and West, from the cities and from the hay fields, from the mountains and from the seashore-everywhere-the word 'Pageant' is heard more and more every year-even every month. The ordinary bystander might well say, 'It is a craze!' And so it is" (Langdon). The pageantry movement spanned 1905-1925 and reached its peak with the founding of the American Pageant Association in 1913.The American pageant, which typically lasted two and half hours, often celebrated a town's local history and involved hundreds, even thousands, of community members gathered to perform it in public. Much as David Gold asserts in Rhetoric at the Margins, these local histories matter, and by looking at how communities responded to nationwide ideas of civic education, scholars can glimpse a more dynamic view of the history of civic education and its contradictions. Making use of acting, music, dance, costume, and props, typical pageants consisted of different episodes in chronological order that depicted a historic event. Locals, often amateurs, performed in the pageants; the pageant often celebrated their city, state, or town. A classic pageant began with a scene of the town's origin, often featuring the founders as Europeans who decided to immigrate to the United States. Characteristic pageant plots also consisted of signing a peace treaty with Native Americans, a call to arms for the American Revolution, and the advent of statehood in the West. As evidenced by the epigraph at the beginning of this article, the majority of patriotic pageants centered on the pageant hero, who depicted "the deeds of the fathers," which reproduced traditional gender roles and assumed "whiteness" as the position of authority.Clearly, pageants served a pedagogical function; they instructed the audience in how to perform their duties as citizens. Pride in the town and nation were the goal of the pageant's structure and genre. No matter how the community chose to tell its story, the pageant typically ended in a patriotic celebration to bolster pride in civic duty. The big finale often included a group singing the national anthem and waving American flags. Thus, patriotic pageants served two primary purposes: to educate the audience about American history and to teach its members about civic engagement. Though the goal of Progressive era pageantry was touted as democratic, the reality reflected the complexity of the changing times-a postwar flood of immigrants, suffrage for women, and new roles for African Americans.Based on archival documents1 from the General Federation of Women's Clubs (GFWC), this article seeks to address the following research questions: What do the patriotic pageants sponsored by the GFWC illustrate about civic education in the Americanization era? What can we learn about civic education and the use of particular rhetorical forms from twentieth-century pageants and organizations such as the GFWC? …


Purpose This study investigated both the ability of children to rate nasality and the relationship of those ratings to expert ratings and social acceptance judgments. Method A total of 10 speech samples were judged for nasality by 44 children ranging in age from 8 to 11 and by an expert judge. Listeners rated nasality on a 3-point response scale. The peer listeners also made five social acceptance ratings about each speaker. Results Kappas for interrater reliability were moderate to substantial. There was no difference between peer ratings and expert ratings. As ratings of nasality increased, social acceptance ratings became more negative. Conclusion Professionals who evaluate and treat children with cleft palate should consider the negative social consequences of even mild hypernasality.


We retrospectively reviewed all patients receiving bortezomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone induction followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) within 12 months of diagnosis for multiple myeloma at the Mayo Clinic.
 243 patients treated between January 2010 and April of 2017 were included in the study. Median age was 61 (interquartile range, 55-67) with 62% of patients being male. High risk cytogenetic abnormalities (HRA) were present in 34% of patients. 166 (68%) patients received some form of maintenance/other therapy post transplant (no maintenance (NM, n=77), lenalidomide maintenance (LM, n=108), bortezomib maintenance (BM, n=39) and other therapy (OT, n=19)). Overall response rate was 99% with complete response (CR) rate of 42% and 62% at day 100 and time of best response post transplant respectively. The four cohorts categorized by post transplant therapy were well matched for age, gender and ISS stage. HRA were more common amongst patients receiving bortezomib maintenance or other therapy post transplant (NM 18% vs LM 22% vs BM 68% vs OT 79%, p<0.0001).
 Two year and five year overall survival rates were 90% and 67% respectively with an estimated median overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) of 96 months and 28 months respectively for the whole cohort. OS was not significantly different when stratified by post-transplant therapy (Median OS 96 months for NM vs not reached for LM vs 62 months for BM vs not reached for OT, p=0.61), however post-transplant therapy was predictive of PFS (median PFS 23 months for NM vs 34 months for LM vs 28 months for BM vs 76 months for OT, p=0.01). High risk cytogenetics was associated with a worse OS but not PFS when compared to patients with standard risk (median OS: not reached for standard risk vs 60 months for HRA, p=0.0006; median PFS: 27 months for standard risk vs 22 months for HRA, p=0.70). In patients that did not receive maintenance therapy presence of HRA was a strong predictor of OS and PFS (median OS: not reached for standard risk vs 36 months for HRA, p<0.0001; median PFS: 24 months for standard risk vs 7 months for HRA, p<0.0001). Patients receiving maintenance therapy appeared to have a similar PFS and OS irrespective of cytogenetics (median OS: not reached for standard risk vs 62 months for HRA, p=0.14; median PFS: 35 months for standard risk vs 34 months for HRA, p=0.79).On multivariable analysis ISS stage III and achieving CR/stringent CR predicted PFS whilst the only independent predictors of OS were presence of HRA and achieving CR/stringent CR.
 The combination of bortezomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone followed by ASCT is a highly effective regimen producing deep and durable responses in many patients. Maintenance therapy in this cohort may overcome the poor prognostic impact of high risk cytogenetic abnormalities.
 Table Table.

 Dispenzieri: Celgene, Takeda, Prothena, Jannsen, Pfizer, Alnylam, GSK: Research Funding. Lacy:Celgene: Research Funding. Dingli:Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Other: Participates in the International PNH Registry (for Mayo Clinic, Rochester) for Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Millennium Takeda: Research Funding; Millennium Takeda: Research Funding; Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Other: Participates in the International PNH Registry (for Mayo Clinic, Rochester) for Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Kapoor:Celgene: Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding. Kumar:KITE: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; AbbVie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Gertz:Abbvie: Consultancy; Apellis: Consultancy; annexon: Consultancy; Medscape: Consultancy; celgene: Consultancy; Prothena: Honoraria; spectrum: Consultancy, Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy; janssen: Consultancy; Ionis: Honoraria; Teva: Consultancy; Alnylam: Honoraria; Research to Practice: Consultancy; Physicians Education Resource: Consultancy.


The results of the stabilizing spine osteosynthesis in 82 patients with extensive metastatic spread are presented. Patients have been distributed to 3 groups: in I group the extended osteosynthesis of a spine without application cement vertebroplasty was carried out, in II group the extended spine osteosynthesis was performed, but with performance vertebroplasty through cannulated screws, in III group the limited osteosynthesis with cement vertebroplasty through cannulas screws was applied. Results of treatment were estimated considering spine support ability, elimination of a painful syndrome (scale of pain McAfee, 1989) and neurologic dysfunctions (scale ASIA/IMSOP, 1992), improvement of quality of a life (scale SF-36). The received positive results of treatment allow to conclude that tactics of treatment has been chosen correctly.


Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) jamming is an acute problem in the world of modern navigation. As more and more applications rely on GNSS for both position and timing, jamming ramifications are becoming more severe. In this paper we suggest a novel framework to cope with these threats. First, a Bayesian jamming detection algorithm is introduced. The algorithm can both detect and track several jammers in a pre-defined region of interest. Then, a jamming coverage map algorithm is offered. Similar to cellular 3G/4G coverage maps, such a map can detect "weak" GNSS reception spots and handle them. Since jamming interference can be a dynamic phenomenon (e.g., a vehicle equipped with a jammer), the coverage map changes with time. Thus, interference patterns can be detected more easily. Utilizing the offered algorithm, both on simulation and field experiments, we have succeeded to localize an arbitrary jammer(s) within the region of interest. Thus, the results validate the viability of the proposed method.


Patients with eosinophilic variant of bronchial asthma demonstrate high levels of fibrinolytic activity in their bronchial secretion along with low content in same of Ig A, as evidenced by findings obtained in the course of sanatorium treatment. There is usually no correlation between the above changes and routine methods of health resort treatment. The judicious employment in a complex of therapeutic measures of aerosols of hydrocarbonate of sodium and heparin promotes neutralization of cationic proteins and large major protein of eosinophiles in the bronchial lumen whereby there occurs normalization of Ig A levels in the sputum along with lowering of its fibrinolytic activity.


Endogenous plasma granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) concentrations were serially measured in 68 patients with acquired aplastic anemia (AA). A very sensitive chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLEIA) was used to measure the plasma G-CSF concentration. The minimum detection limit of this assay (0.5 pg/mL) was sufficient for the determination of G-CSF concentrations in patients and normal subjects. The plasma G-CSF concentrations were significantly higher in 51 AA patients without signs of infection as compared with healthy control subjects. In AA patients with signs of infection, the G-CSF concentrations appeared to increase during the acute phase. There was a significant negative correlation between plasma G-CSF concentrations and absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) in AA patients without signs of infection. Although a decrease in the plasma G-CSF concentration was observed in all patients who achieved self-sustaining hematopoiesis following bone marrow transplantation (BMT) or immunosuppressive (IS) therapy, it was lower in patients undergoing BMT as compared with those receiving IS therapy for any given degree of neutropenia. Plasma G-CSF concentrations were higher in patients responding to IS therapy than in nonresponders. This study demonstrated the negative feedback regulation of G-CSF that plasma G-CSF concentrations may be useful in predicting the clinical response to IS therapy.


Background Surround inhibition is a system that sharpens sensation by creating an inhibitory zone around the central core of activation. In the motor system, this mechanism probably contributes to the selection of voluntary movements, and it seems to be lost in dystonia. Objectives. To explore if sensory information is abnormally processed and integrated in focal hand dystonia (FHD) and if surround inhibition phenomena are operating during sensory-motor plasticity and somatosensory integration in normal humans and in patients with FHD. Methods. We looked at the MEP facilitation obtained after 5 Hz repetitive paired associative stimulation of median (PAS M), ulnar (PAS U), and median + ulnar nerve (PAS MU) stimulation in 8 normal subjects and 8 FHD. We evaluated the ratio MU/(M + U) ∗ 100 and the spatial and temporal somatosensory integration recording the somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) evoked by a dual nerve input. Results FHD had two main abnormalities: first, the amount of facilitation was larger than normal subjects; second, the spatial specificity was lost. The MU/(M + U) ∗ 100 ratio was similar in healthy subjects and in FHD patients, and the somatosensory integration was normal in this subset of patients. Conclusions. The inhibitory integration of somatosensory inputs and the somatosensory inhibition are normal in patients with focal dystonia as well as lateral surrounding inhibition phenomena during sensory-motor plasticity in FHD.


. In this paper, we explore the usability of different natural language processing models for the sentiment analysis of social media applied to financial market prediction, using the cryptocurrency domain as a reference. We study how the different sentiment metrics are correlated with the price movements of Bitcoin. For this purpose, we explore different methods to calculate the sentiment metrics from a text finding most of them not very accurate for this prediction task. We find that one of the models outperforms more than 20 other public ones and makes it possible to fine-tune it efficiently given its interpretable nature. Thus we confirm that interpretable artificial intelligence and natural language processing methods might be more valuable practically than non-explainable and non-interpretable ones. In the end, we analyze potential causal connections between the different sentiment metrics and the price movements.


INTRODUCTION
Patients with metastatic disease are considered incurable. We previously showed that nabpaclitaxel (nanoparticle albumin-embedded paclitaxel) combined with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) antibody, bevacizumab, eradicates orthotopic small-sized breast tumors and metastasis. Here, we assessed this therapy in two models of advanced (450-600 mm(3)) breast tumors and delineated VEGF-A-dependent mechanisms of tumor resistance.

METHODS
Mice with luciferase-tagged advanced MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435 tumors were treated with saline, nab-paclitaxel (10 or 30 mg/kg), bevacizumab (4 mg/kg), or combined drugs. Lymphatic and lung metastases were measured by luciferase assay. Proinflammatory and survival pathways were measured by ELISA, Western blot and immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS
Nab-paclitaxel transiently suppressed primary tumors by 70% to 90% but had no effect on metastasis. Coadministration of bevacizumab increased the response rate to 99%, including 71% of complete responses in MDA-MB-231-bearing mice treated concurrently with 30 mg/kg of nab-paclitaxel. This combinatory regimen significantly reduced or eliminated preexisting lymphatic and distant metastases in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435 models. The mechanism involves paclitaxel-induced NF-κB pathway that upregulates VEGF-A and other tumor prosurvival proteins.

CONCLUSIONS
Bevacizumab prevents tumor recurrence and metastasis promoted by nab-paclitaxel activation of NF-κB pathway. Combination therapy with high-dosed nab-paclitaxel demonstrates the potential to eradicate advanced primary tumors and preexisting metastases. These findings strongly support translating this regimen into clinics.


Two families with nonspecific X-linked mental retardation (MRX) are presented. In the first family, MRX51, three male patients showed mild to borderline mental retardation. Multipoint linkage analysis yielded a maximal LOD score of 2.10 between markers DXS8012 and DXS1003, localizing the MRX51 gene at Xp11.3-p11.23. In the second family, XLMR7, three men showed moderate mental retardation (MR), and one possible female carrier had mild MR. Multipoint linkage analysis yielded an LOD score of 1.80 between markers DXS8063 and DXS1047, situating the disease gene at Xq23-q26.1. When the analysis was performed considering the affected female to be an expressing heterozygote carrier of the disease mutation, a maximal LOD score of 2.10 was found in the same region.


It is known that a high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in rat liver can be induced by 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3'-MeDAB). The administration of 3'-MeDAB in combination with 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil and uracil (UFT) delayed the appearance of oval cells and the formation of hyperplastic nodules, which were observed in the liver from 3 and 5 weeks, respectively, after the onset of 3'-MeDAB feeding, and also delayed the transient increase of serum alpha-fetoprotein level, which transiently peaked at 5 weeks, and completely suppressed the transient increase of tissue thymidylate synthetase activity, but not thymidine kinase, which were induced by 3'-MeDAB at 5 weeks, and finally reduced markedly the incidence of hepatocarcinomas. These results indicate that the suppression of de novo synthesis in pyrimidine metabolism prevents hepatocarcinogenesis.


This paper presents two admission control policies for a new communications application named voice message service (VMS) in mobile cellular networks. In circuit-switching systems, a trunk reservation scheme is proposed for the admission of real-time VMS. In integrated voice and data networks, VMS is considered a nonreal-time traffic and a preemptive priority scheme is applied. The system is modeled by a two dimensional Markov chain. The performance of the admission policies is measured in terms of the call blocking and dropping probabilities of voice calls and the average number of queueing VMS requests.


Various deep learning applications benefit from multi-task learning with multiple regression and classification objectives by taking advantage of the similarities between individual tasks. This can result in improved learning efficiency and prediction accuracy for the task-specific models compared to separately trained models. In this paper, we make an observation of such influences for important remote sensing applications like elevation model generation and semantic segmentation tasks from the stereo half-meter resolution satellite digital surface models (DSMs). Mainly, we aim to generate good-quality DSMs with complete, as well as accurate level of detail (LoD)2-like building forms and to assign an object class label to each pixel in the DSMs. For the label assignment task, we select the roof type classification problem to distinguish between flat, non-flat, and background pixels. To realize those tasks, we train a conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) with an objective function based on least squares residuals and an auxiliary term based on normal vectors for further roof surface refinement. Besides, we investigate recently published deep learning architectures for both tasks and develop the final end-to-end network, which combines different models, as using them first separately, they provide the best results for their individual tasks.


The receptor pharmacology of amperozide was investigated with in vitro radioligand binding technique. Amperozide possessed a high affinity to the 5-HT2 receptors (Ki = 16.5 +/- 2.1 nM) and a moderate affinity to alpha 1-adrenergic receptors of rat cerebral cortical membranes (Ki = 172 +/- 14 nM). The affinity of amperozide for striatal and limbic dopamine D2 receptors was low and not significantly different (Ki +/- S.E.M. = 540 +/- 59 nM vs 403 +/- 42 nM; p less than 0.11, n = 4). The affinity for striatal and limbic 5-HT2 receptors was measured as well and found to be very close to the affinity to the cerebral cortical 5-HT2 receptor. The drug affinity for D2 and 5-HT2 receptors seems thus not to be influenced by the location of the receptor moiety. The affinity for several other rat brain receptors such as 5-HT1A, alpha 2-adrenergic, dopamine D1, muscarinic M1 and M2, opiate sigma and beta 2-adrenergic was low. The pseudo-Hill coefficient of the amperozide competition binding curve was consistently higher than one indicating antagonistic and complex interactions with the 5-HT2 receptor or with alpha 1-adrenergic and dopamine D2 receptors. The antagonistic properties of amperozide were investigated by its ability to antagonize the serotonin-induced formation of inositol-1-phosphate in human blood platelets. Amperozide inhibited this 5-HT2 receptor-mediated intracellular response with similar potency as ketanserin. These results suggest that amperozide is a selective 5-HT2 receptor antagonist.


Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, the causal agent of cowpea fusarium wilt, is a serious threat to cowpea production in China. In this study, a sample of cowpea fusarium wilt was identified as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli using the methods of morphological characters and molecular detection. We further reported the first genome assembly for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, with 53.7 Mb genome sequence comprising 14,694 genes. Comparative genomic analysis among five Fusarium oxysporum genomes showed that four accessory chromosomes in the five Fusarium oxysporum display similar characteristics, with low sequence similarity (55.35%, vs. overall average of 81.76%), low gene density (2.18 genes/10 kb vs. 3.02 genes/Mb) and highly transposable element density (TEs) (15.01/100 kb vs. 4.89/100 kb), indicating that variable accessory chromosomes are the main source of Fusarium oxysporum evolution. We identified a total of 100 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli-specific effectors in the genome and found 13 specific effector genes located in large insertion or deletion regions, suggesting that insertion or deletion events can cause the emergence of species-specific effectors in Fusarium oxysporum. Our genome assembly of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli provides a valuable resource for the study of cowpea fusarium wilt, and the comparative genomic study of Fusarium oxysporum could contribute to the knowledge of genome and effector-associated pathogenicity evolution in Fusarium oxysporum study.


This work experimentally demonstrated a one-transistor ferroelectric versatile memory with the multi-technique integration of negative-capacitance mechanism, ferroelectric polarization effect and metal-strained engineering. The negative-capacitance versatile memory featured a steep sub-60mV/dec subthreshold swing, fast 20-ns switching speed and long 1012 cycled endurance. We successfully demonstrated that the metal-gate-induced strain could help to improve ferroelectric phase transformation. The excellent endurance characteristics could be ascribed to efficient ferroelectric negative-capacitance switching under low program/erase voltages.


The ability to use chemical staining to discriminate aborted from non-aborted pollen grains has well-known practical applications in agriculture. A commonly used technique for assessing pollen vitality, Alexander's stain, uses chloral hydrate, phenol and mercuric chloride, all of which are highly toxic. We describe here an improved pollen staining technique that avoids the use of a regulated chemical chloral hydrate and two extremely toxic chemicals mercuric chloride and phenol, and requires a much shorter time period for sample preparation and staining. This simplified method is very useful for field studies without high-end equipments such as fluorescence microscopes. Samples can be collected and fixed in the fields and examined in a simple laboratory that has light microscopes.


OBJECTIVE
To report a full-term newborn infant that developed a sepsis associated to meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C on the 14th day of life.

CASE DESCRIPTION
The patient was a term female infant, born to a mother with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, with birth weight of 2,610 g, Apgar Score 1, 4 and 8, who needed mechanical ventilation for 24 hours. On the 7th day of life, the neonate was discharged from the hospital with good overall condition. On the 15th day of life, the newborn infant presented fever and respiratory failure. The cerebrospinal fluid showed 1042 cells/mm3, with neutrophilic predominance, protein of 435 mg/dL, and glucose < 10 mg/dL. The blood and the cerebrospinal fluid cultures were positive for Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C. The neonate was hospitalized, needing mechanical ventilation and vasoactive drugs, and received 21 days of crystalline penicillin. After hospital discharge, there were no signs of neurological sequels and the infant was able to be breastfed. The case report presents a unique situation: an uncommon etiology of neonatal meningitis and favorable evolution, despite neurological sequels reported in the literature. This report emphasizes the need to prevent the premature exposure of newborn infants to pathological agents, especially if they presented birth injuries and/or are preterm, due to their lack of immunological capacity.


We present a network model of the United States (U.S.) interstate food transfers to analyze the trade dependency with respect to participating regions and embodied irrigation impacts from a food-energy-water (FEW) nexus perspective. To this end, we utilize systems analysis methods including the pointwise mutual information (PMI) measure to provide an indication of interdependencies by estimating probability of trade between states. PMI compares observed trade with a benchmark of what is statistically expected given the structure and flow in the network. This helps assess whether dependencies arising from empirically observed trade occur due to chance or preferential attachment. The implications of PMI values are demonstrated by using Texas as an example, the largest importer in the US grain transfer network. We find that strong dependencies exist not just with states (Kansas, Oklahoma, Nebraska) providing high volume of transfer to Texas, but also with states that have comparatively lower trade (New Mexico). This is due to New Mexico's reliance on Texas as an important revenue source compared to its other connections. For Texas, import interdependencies arise from geographical proximity to trade. As these states primarily rely on the commonly shared High Plains aquifer for irrigation, over-reliance poses a risk for water shortage for food supply in Texas. PMI values also indicate the capacity to trade more (the states are less reliant on each other than expected), and therefore provide an indication of where the trade could be shifted to avoid ground water scarcity. However, some of the identified states rely on GHG emissions intensive fossil fuels such as diesel and gasoline for irrigation, highlighting a potential tradeoff between crop water footprint and switching to lower emissions pumping fuels.


Nationalism, the state of mind in which the individual's supreme loyalty is owed to the nation-state, remains the strongest of political emotions. As a historical phenomenon, it is always in flux, changing according to no preconceived pattern. In The New Nationalism, Louis Snyder sees various forms of nationalism, and categorizes them as a force for unity; a force for the status quo; a force for independence; a force for fraternity; a force for colonial expansion; a force for aggression; a force for economic expansion; and a force for anti-colonialism. In Snyder's opinion, nationalism should be differentiated from Theodore Roosevelt's "New Nationalism," a phrase he borrowed from Herbert D. Croly's The Promise of American Life. Croly warned that giving too much power to big industry and finance would lead to the degradation of the masses, and that state and federal intervention must be pursued on all economic fronts. Roosevelt expanded upon this concept, and saw the flourishing of democratic government as a means of reviving the old pioneer sense of individualism and opportunity. Snyder, in contrast, extends the work of the two major pioneers in the study of modern nationalism, Carlton J. H. Hayes and Hans Kohn, in exploring this most powerful sentiment of modern times, and showing how it relates to the political, economic, and psychological tendencies of historical development.


This paper is aimed at presenting a comprehensive multi-level analysis of the blurb as a component of an Anglo-American publication and created after a classical detective novel. Blurbs are conventionally placed on book covers (or on the Internet) describing the book content and strategically presenting the book to its potential audience. The multi-level model for comprehensive blurb analysis is pioneered, combining lexical, morphological, syntactic, graphic-visual and pragmatic levels of analysis. This study pursues to prove that blurbs are marked by their special communicative purpose and are inherently multi-functional (advertising, persuasive, influential) created with a view to persuade prospective audience to purchase the book. With respect to these blurbs are strategically equipped with various discursive and linguistic markers outlined in each of the levels of the model. At the structural level the structural divisions of the blurb invariant are investigated: the respective introduction, the central part and the final part. At the lexical level the appropriate lexical components of the introduction, central part and final part are analyzed. A set of corresponding standard lexical repertoires for each of these parts is established. At the morphological level the grammatical structures of each part are analyzed and described. At the syntactic level, the traditional syntax of each of the relevant parts is analysed. The graphical-visual level identifies the graphical and visual means that are most efficiently used by blurb creators to appeal to the audience. At the pragmatic level the pragmatic functions of the blurb are identified, which exercise the appropriate pragmatic impact on the reader. The study indicates that the process of making a blurb requires adherence to certain blurb-making laws and conventions.


The dissipation mechanism at the magnetic X-point of the reconnection process in solar flares is studied. Although the Petschek model is a promising mechanism to explain the rapid energy release, the estimated size of the diffusion region in this model would be extremely small, i.e. less than centimeter if we adopt the Spitzer-type resistivity. Even the scale size in which various microscopic processes become efficient is still 10 meter or so, which is much less than the typical size of a flare. So there must be a meso-size scale where the MHD turbulence plays a roll. In order to study the effect of the MHD turbulence on the magnetic reconnection, we are performing a series of MHD simulations of magnetic reconnection with finite amplitude fluctuations. A temporal evolution of a simple current sheet with almost uniform resistivity is investigated after imposing a finiteamplitude fluctuations (The strength is approximately Alfven speed.) all over the computation domain. Multi-dimensional simulations showed no effective enhancement in the energy release rate.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the headache and other neurological symptoms and signs as guide predictors for the occurrence of brain metastases in cancer patients. We prospectively studied 54 cancer patients with newly appeared headache or with a change in the pattern of an existing headache during the recent months. All patients completed a questionnaire regarding headache's clinical characteristics and existence of accompanying symptoms. They also underwent a detailed neurological, ophthalmologic examination and brain neuroimaging investigation. Brain metastases were diagnosed in 29 patients. Univariate regression analysis showed an association between occurrence of brain metastases and nine clinical symptoms or signs. Multivariate regression analyses emerged only four of them as significant independent predictors. These were: bilateral frontal-temporal headache, more pronounced on the side of metastasis in cases of single metastases, with duration > or =8 weeks, pulsating quality and moderate to severe intensity (OR: 11.9; 95% CI. 2.52-56.1), emesis (OR: 10.2; 95% CI. 2.1-55.8), gait instability (OR: 7.4; 95% CI. 1.75-33.9) and extensor plantar response (OR: 12.1; 95% CI. 2.2-120.7). In conclusion, all cancer patients who manifest the above independent clinical predictors should be highly suspected for appearance of brain metastases and therefore should be thoroughly investigated.


As the first step upon commencing an in-depth data mining analysis, students should become intimately acquainted with the data under study. In this paper, we present a methodology and set of custom tools that we have designed and developed for use in our data mining courses that allows students to efficiently and effectively accomplish this task. The tools create interactive visual presentations of the data, encouraging students to explore the data in search of patterns or relationships that would then be investigated in subsequent steps using sophisticated statistical and machine learning tools.


An 82-year-old man with rheumatoid arthritis was admitted to the hospital because of bloody sputum, appetite loss, and a chest-radiographic abnormality. He had previously been treated with oral steroid therapy. The chest X-ray film showed an infiltrative shadow with airlucency in the right upper lung field. Sputum culture for fungi was negative, but a test for aspergillus antigen in serum was positive. Other clinical findings were also compatible with conversion of chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis to invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. The patient was successfully treated with a drip infusion of fulconazole. The patients condition was stable for several months, after which he died due to uncontrollable atrial flutter. Mild immunosuppression due to oral steroid therapy probably caused chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis in this case. The patient's general condition worsened after admission and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis developed. This case taught us that therapy for chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis should include management of the patient's general condition as well as treatment of the pulmonary lesions.


Abstract. Recycling of agricultural wastes to reduce mineral fertilizer input, in particular phosphorous (P), plays crucial role in sustainable agriculture production. Understanding the transformation of phosphorous (P) fractions and their bioavailability following soil application of different renewable P-contained fertilizers is very important for improving P use efficiency and reducing environmental risks. In this study, the effects of mineral P-fertilizer superphosphate and recycled P-fertilizers, i.e., poultry manure, cattle manure, maize straw and cattle bone meal, on their distribution to different soil P fractions, their transformation and the availability of soil P were determined by soil P sequential fractionation and 31P solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results showed that addition of mineral P fertilizer, poultry manure and cattle manure increased P fixation in a red soil more than that in a fluvo-aquic soil. In both fluvo-aquic and red soils, cattle manure out-performed all other recycled P sources used in improving soil P availability. The concentration of Olsen-P in fluvo-aquic and red soils supplemented with cattle manure were increased by 41 %–380 % and 16 %–70 % than the other recycled P sources. A structural equation model (SEM) explained 95 % and 91 % of Olsen-P variation in fluvo-aquic and red soils, respectively. Labile P fractions had positive effects on Olsen-P of fluvo-aquic and red soils. 31P-NMR study showed that amount of orthophosphate was the main factor affecting the availability of P from different P sources. In summary, cattle manure was found to be a superior renewable source of P in improving bioavailable P in soil, and its use thus has considerable practical significance in P recycling.


Abstract : This report provides an overview of results obtained from the survey of active-duty members. Chapter 1 provides background information on the history of the survey and describes the remainder of the report. Chapter 2, Survey methodology, provides background on survey administration, analytic procedures used in the report, and the presentation of results. Each subsequent chapter focuses on a different survey topic with findings presented for DoD and for subgroups defined by: Service, paygrade, gender, race/ethnicity, family type, and spouse employment status. Chapter, Satisfaction with Military Life, focuses on member satisfaction with military life in general and with various specific components of military life. Chapter 4, Retention, discusses members' stated intent to remain in the military, their significant others' support for continued military service, and actions taken by members to leave the military. Chapter 5, Financial Position of Member, examines items such as household income, personal debt and savings, financial support received from government programs and any financial problems reported by members. Chapter 6, Personnel Tempo, discusses the time commitments required of members, including time away from home in the preceding and upcoming 12 months (including reasons for being away from home), and workload. Finally, Chapter 7, Quality of Life Programs, focuses on members' use of quality of life, education, and childcare programs and examines member attitudes about health care for themselves and their family members. The population of interest for the 1999 Survey of Active Duty Personnel consisted of all Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Coast Guard active-duty members, below the rank of admiral or general, with at least 6 months of active-duty service when surveys were first mailed. Reservists on active-duty assignments for at least 6 months were also eligible.


The sites of calcium-dependent dibasic endoprotease (Kex2; yscF) activity have been ultracytochemically localized in exponential cultures of haploid (alpha) wild-type strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in its pep4-3 mutant and in the kex2 mutant. The gently prefixed cells were thoroughly washed and incubated in a buffered mixture containing Ca2+, benzyloxycarbonyl-L-tyrosyl-L-lysyl-arginin-4-methoxy-2-naphthylam ide (Z-Tyr-Lys-Arg-MNA) as substrate and hexazotized p-rosaniline (HPR) as coupler of the liberated MNA. The precipitated azo-dye was osmicated, and the cells were embedded for ultrathin sectioning. In the pep4-3 mutant the reaction product labeled the periphery of lipoprotein condensates, the lumen of nuclear envelope plus endoplasmic membrane cisternae, the matrix of juvenile vacuoles and the lumen of microvesicles--the membrane vesicles and the smaller coated or uncoated globules. These were dispersed in the cytoplasm or in the senescent vacuoles. The reaction product labeled also both faces of the plasmalemma-restricted cells. In the presence of EDTA the reaction product appeared only in the lipoprotein condensates. In the absence of substrate and in the presence of HgCl2, no reaction product was formed. In the wild-type strain the enzyme activity was detectable in the cytoplasmic microvesicles and in the tonoplast of vacuoles. No reaction product formed in the kex2 mutant cells. Enzymic assay of total activity of dibasic endoprotease in investigated strains confirmed the substrate was hydrolyzed principally by calcium-dependent protease. The study was supplemented by ultracytochemical localization of glycoproteins in cells of secretory mutants cultivated under restrictive conditions. The results of both topochemical studies give further arguments against the established model of a polar compartmentalized Golgi apparatus in S. cerevisiae.


We present methods for computing the generalized polar decomposition of a matrix based on the dynamically weighted Halley (DWH) iteration. This method is well established for computing the standard polar decomposition. A stable implementation is available, where matrix inversion is avoided and QR decompositions are used instead. We establish a natural generalization of this approach for computing generalized polar decompositions with respect to signature matrices. Again the inverse can be avoided by using a generalized QR decomposition called hyperbolic QR decomposition. However, this decomposition does not show the same favorable stability properties as its orthogonal counterpart. We overcome the numerical difficulties by generalizing the CholeskyQR2 method. This method computes the standard QR decomposition in a stable way via two successive Cholesky factorizations. An even better numerical stability is achieved by employing permuted graph bases, yielding residuals of order $10^{-14}$ even for badly conditioned matrices, where other methods fail.


This paper examines the use of disaster and community research literature regarding public involvement planning for environmental restoration. Specifically, this paper is based upon the author's direct involvement in planning associated with technological hazards. First, the paper reviews the general political and regulatory background associated with public involvement in a specific environmental restoration program. Second, it illustrates how the research literature helps focus environmental restoration upon its social context. In addition, methodological issues in public involvement planning are also addressed.


Details of the cellular and biochemical mechanisms involved in focal destruction of bone at sites of tumor osteolysis are unknown. It has been shown that tumors from sarcoma (2472) cell lines induce focal osteolysis in mice by stimulating formation and activation of osteoclasts. In this report, the influence of 2472 tumors on the skeletons of osteoclast‐deficient animals (op/op) was studied. After op/op femora had been inoculated with 2472 cells, tumors developed and focal osteolysis occurred. There were more osteoclasts per histologic section in sham‐injected femora (19 ± 5) than in tumor‐bearing femora (412 ± 129) (p < 0.05). The size of the osteoclasts also increased from 304 ± 81 μm2 in sham‐injected limbs to 407 ± 62 μm2 in tumor‐bearing limbs (p < 0.001). Conditioned media from 2472 op/op tumor explants contained macrophage colony‐stimulating factor. A deficiency of osteoclasts in op/op mice is the result of the absence of this factor; therefore, these data introduce the possibility that macrophage colony‐stimulating factor derived from 2472 tumor may be responsible for directing osteoclast‐mediated osteolysis at sites of the tumor.


An investigation was made of the relationships governing the cumulative effect of optical damage to silicate glasses in the absence of subthreshold ionisation of the matrix. It was shown that in this case the damage threshold reduction in multiple irradiation of glasses is related to a reduction in the self-focusing threshold because of a change in the refractive index in the interaction region. This process occurs because of densification of the glass structure by a strong electrostriction pressure, which takes place without electronic excitation and is observed only when this pressure exceeds the striction pressure for the densification of glass.


From the Big-Game Hunters who appeared on the continent as far back as 12,000 years ago to the Inuits plying the Alaskan waters today, the Native peoples of North America produced a culture remarkable for its vibrancy, breadth, and diversity--and for its survival in the face of almost inconceivable trials. This book is at once a history of that culture and a celebration of its splendid variety. Rich in historical testimony and anecdotes and lavishly illustrated, it weaves a magnificent tapestry of Native American life reaching back to the earliest human records. A recognized expert in North American studies, Jonathan King interweaves his account with Native histories, from the arrival of the first Native Americans by way of what is now Alaska to their later encounters with Europeans on the continent's opposite coast, from their exchanges with fur traders to their confrontations with settlers and an ever more voracious American government. To illustrate this history, King draws on the extensive collections of the British Museum--artwork, clothing, tools, and artifacts that demonstrate the wealth of ancient traditions as well as the vitality of contemporary Native culture. These illustrations, all described in detail, form a pictorial document of relations between Europeans and Native American peoples--peoples as profoundly different and as deeply related as the Algonquians and the Iroquois, the Chumash of California and the Inuipat of Alaska, the Cree and the Cherokee--from their first contact to their complicated coexistence today.


We created Asthma e-Lab, a secure web-based research environment to support consistent recording, description and sharing of data, computational/statistical methods and emerging findings across the five UK birth cohorts. The e-Lab serves as a data repository for our unified dataset and provides the computational resources and a scientific social network to support collaborative research. All activities are transparent, and emerging findings are shared via the e-Lab, linked to explanations of analytical methods, thus enabling knowledge transfer. eLab facilitates the iterative interdisciplinary dialogue between clinicians, statisticians, computer scientists, mathematicians, geneticists and basic scientists, capturing collective thought behind the interpretations of findings.