Fibroblastic cells in culture are characteristically elongated and grow in monolayers. This growth pattern can be modified by different factors, such as substrate interaction. It is characteristic of hydrogels made of poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (polyHEMA) that they inhibit cellular attachment and spreading. Vero cells were cultured on porous samples of polyHEMA and the copolymer poly(HEMA-co-AA) with 7.5% (w/w) and 15% (w/w) acrylic acid. Cultures were maintained for 2 and 10 days in HAM F10 medium with 10% foetal calf serum. Hydrogel samples were processed for light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The round Vero cells proliferated on the hydrogels and were principally located inside the pores. Some cells were aggregated, but no extracellular matrix was found. The copolymer with 15% (w/w) acrylic acid was the most suitable substrate and should be used in future tests of morphological differentiation and induction of cellular function.


COVID-19 has impacted not only higher education teaching practice, but also professional development (PD) such as F2F workshop sessions for supervisor training have had to pivot to online modes. This presentation overviews the process of designing an academic supervision training workshop as an online module that can be used as a design framework for other professional development and training contexts. We used a design-based research methodology (McKenney & Reeves, 2019) encompassing three stages.
Stage 1 Evaluation and Analysis
We formed a collaborative design team of two academics and a professional staff member and met regularly over Zoom as due to COVID-19 we were all working from home, and across countries (Australia and New Zealand). We began with an evaluation of the existing introductory supervision online module to identify key design elements and refinements that we could integrate into the new refresher module. This was followed by a collaborative definition of the scope of the new PD module that was focused upon providing a 'Refresher Course' for experienced higher degree research supervisors. We decided to focus the content of the module upon authentic user-generated scenarios from highly experienced academics across the university. User reflection was designed through an optional link to contribute to an institutional Wiki page to provide tips and comments from user experiences in supervision. The analysis of users needing an informative but short time investment in the refresher module highlighted the need for collating resources that would be referenced throughout the module to be made available at the end of the module as a downloadable interactive PDF resource for users.
Stage 2 Collaborative Prototype Design
An initial storyboard module prototype based upon learning object and instructional design principles (Boyle, 2003; Author1, 2007; Reigeluth et al., 2016) was created. While we began with big ideas based upon the rapid prototype of how to make the new module interactive and appealing to the users there were significant design restraints imposed by the institutional Course Builder online development platform, that provides a basic Web 1.0 approach to online module design and delivery. This meant that user interaction options were limited, file size uploads were small, and display dimensions fixed. Therefore, Vimeo was used to host and embed the video vignettes in the module pages through an institutional license providing a range of privacy and customisation options. We were able to negotiate these technical design hurdles, albeit with downgraded expectations of user interaction within our new module design.
Stage 3 Evaluation and Redesign
User feedback on the initial prototype was very positive and the user-generated video vignettes and funky iPad created graphics were highlights. Feedback also highlighted the need for additional user instructions, a more unified design across the module and implementation of accessibility features such as closed captioning for the video vignettes. This was achieved through maintaining a consistent font and paragraphing style and creating a new embedded player style format for the Vimeo video host platform. Closed captions were added by manually transcribing and timecoding the videos on Vimeo.


Setting: Early testing and treatment initiation are crucial for controlling the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic, especially in high-burden countries such as South Africa. Objective: To explore reasons why patients opted to test for TB and the context in which they were tested. Design: This qualitative study was nested in a larger study evaluating patients who did not initiate anti-tuberculosis treatment after diagnosis. In-depth interviews were conducted with 41 patients across five provinces of South Africa. Results: While most patients presented for testing because of their symptoms, unfortunately many waited until their symptoms were severe and thus remained infectious for longer. Outreach campaigns and TB screening at primary health care facilities were perceived favourably, although some respondents were unclear as to the nature of the tests being performed and had concerns about the implications. Positive health care worker attitudes towards presumptive TB patients contributed towards prompt testing and treatment initiation. Conclusion: As patients often delayed presenting for testing, strategies to engage early with presumptive TB patients so that testing and treatment can commence without delay should be a priority for TB programmes.


The dynamics of the icosahedral ZnMgY phase has been investigated on a single-grain quasicrystalline sample using inelastic neutron scattering. Similarly to other quasicrystals we observe well defined acoustic modes for values of the wavevector smaller than 0.3 A-1. We find a longitudinal sound velocity equal to 4800 m s-1 and an isotropic transverse sound velocity equal to 3100 m s-1. The acoustic character and the broadening of transverse excitations has been studied extensively. We find that transverse excitations remain acoustic up to q = 0.5 A-1. For q lying between 0.3 and 0.5 A-1 we observe a broadening, which is independent of the propagation or polarization direction, while the dispersion relation departs from linearity. For q = 0.6 A-1 there is a resonance with an optic-like excitation located at about 10 meV and the signal can no longer be described by a single acoustic mode. For larger wavevectors we observe a broad distribution of modes, which can be split into three dispersionless optical bands located at 8, 12 and 17 meV. The 8 and 12 meV bands are associated with the crossing of pseudo-zone boundaries by the acoustic branch. A detailed comparison with results obtained in the i-AlPdMn phase shows significant differences: in particular the broadening of transverse acoustic modes is much less pronounced in the ZnMgY phase than in the i-AlPdMn one.


Lupus erythematosus (LE) has the reputation of being the Great Imitator due to its various cutaneous manifestations, which often lead to difficulties in accurate diagnosis and classification. Even with the assistance of deep learning systems (DLSs), clinical skin image-based single modalities still experience difficulty distinguishing subtypes of LE. Here, we present an application of multimodal DLS (MMDLS), in which the training database consists of clinical skin images, multi-immunohistochemistry (multi-IHC) images and the 2019 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology (EULAR/ACR) scores, to assist in the classification of LE subtypes (discoid LE (DLE), annular subacute cutaneous LE (A-SCLE), papulosquamous subacute cutaneous LE (P-SCLE), systemic LE (SLE)) and to aid in the differential diagnosis of other similar skin diseases. A total of 386 cases with 580 clinical skin images, 3380 multi-IHC images and 2019 EULAR/ACR scores from 25 institutions in China were included, and EfficientNet-B3 and ResNet-18 were utilized in this study. By comparing the single-modal and dual-modal DLS performances in multiple classifications, we demonstrate the superiority of the MMDLS (Ave-Sen = 0.9116, Ave-Spe = 0.9921, Ave-Pre = 0.9281). Moreover, the performance of MMDLS on 13 classifications was superior to that of dermatologists and pathologists (F1 score: dermatologists = 0.4471, pathologists = 0.6691, MMDLS = 0.9582) with an average area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9956. These results highlight the potential of the combined application of MMDLS and multi-IHC images to assist pathologists and dermatologists in diagnosing LE subtypes and similar skin diseases.


To investigate the degradation of corrosion resistance of Zircaloy-4 in LiOH aqueous solution, SIMS (secondary ion mass spectrometry) analysis was performed to examine the profiles of Li~+, K~+, and OH~- in oxide layers formed in the same concentration (0.1 mol/L) LiOH and KOH solutions. Even though the oxide layers have an equal thickness, the penetration depth of K~+ is shallower than that of Li~+, and the penetration depth of OH~- corroded in KOH solution is also shallower than that corroded in LiOH solution. It shows that the diffusion of OH~- into oxide layer is accompanied by the corresponding cation. The difference of degradation effect of LiOH and KOH solutions on the corrosion resistance of Zircaloy-4 was discussed.


The reflection by a suddenly created plasma half-space of a time-harmonic plane electromagnetic wave propagating in free space is considered. The problem involves a temporal discontinuity, a spatial discontinuity, and a dispersive medium. The steady-state solution is obtained by considering the basic features of the scattering processes due to each of the discontinuities in terms of analogous transmission-line models. The electric field of the reflected wave consists of two components. One component (called component A) is of the same frequency as the incident wave frequency and is due to the spatial discontinuity. The other component (called component B) is of a different frequency and arises because of the temporal discontinuity. The B component is damped out even if the plasma is only slightly lossy. The damping rate of the B component is calculated. The transient solution is obtained through the use of Laplace transforms. The solution is given in terms of Bessel-like functions. The limiting value of this solution is shown to agree with the steady-state solution. Numerical results illustrating the transient effects are for two typical cases. >


This paper presents the optimal two-stage Kalman filter for systems that involve noise-free observations and constant but unknown bias. Like the full-order separate-bias Kalman filter, this new filter provides an alternative to state vector augmentation and offers the same potential for improved numerical accuracy and reduced computational burden. When dealing with systems involving accurate, essentially noise-free measurements, this new filter offers an additional advantage, a reduction in filter order. The optimal separate-bias reduced order estimator involves a reduced order filter for estimating the state, the order equalling the number of states less the number of observations.


The author discusses the construction of synthetic female cyborgian agents that expand singular identity into a networked trajectory composed of flowing data that cannibalizes processed information, which mutates into re-expressed, unpredictable patterns.


Measurement of slow temperature change by means of a Michelson-type fiber-optic interferometric sensor exploiting unlimited phase compensation is presented. A new simple phase demodulation system, based on a rotating half-wave retarder controlled by a feedback loop, permits real-time detection of a slowly induced phase change of any magnitude. A theoretical analysis of the demodulator is given, together with experimental data showing that a precision better than l/10 degrees C was achieved on a 1-h thermic cycle.


This article examines children's and parents' positions as rights holders and family members in child welfare decision making as seen by social workers who prepare child removal decisions. The study is based on qualitative interviews with social workers, each of which includes the story of one child's case. The interviews were conducted in Finland, where the consent or objection expressed by parents and children of a certain age determine the decision-making process, as each of them can independently express a view about the removal proposal. The study highlights how family relatedness shapes the parties' autonomy and self-determination through intergenerational, interparental and other dynamics of emotional and power relations. Relational autonomy is emphasised more than individual autonomy in the social workers' descriptions. It is suggested that self-determination needs to be refined so that it acknowledges family relatedness as well as individuals as rights holders.


Introduction Gastric cancer remains the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In many malignancies like, lung and breast, multiple prognostic factors are known, such as mutations in Ki-67, HER-2/neu, p53. In this study, we evaluated immunohistochemical protein expression patterns of cell-cycle-regulators p53, proliferation marker Ki-67, surface expression of CD44, HER-2/neu oncogene proposed as useful prognostic factors. Methods In this descriptive-analytic study, we evaluate 100 patients with gastric cancer who were referred to Shahid Ghazi Hospital or other oncology clinics of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2005-2010. Patients with pathologic confirmation of gastric cancer were selected. Expression of p53, ki-67, CD-44, HER-2/neu were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results In this study, 100 patients with gastric cancer participated. 76(76%) were men and 24(24%) were women with mean age of 64.02(8.05) years. Seventy two samples were intestinal type and 28 were diffuse type. CD44 was positive in 27(27%) patients. P53 was positive in 35(35%) patients. Ki-67 was positive in 53(53%) patients. HER-2/neu was positive in 51(51%) patients. Conclusion The frequency of positive p53, Ki-67, CD44 and HER-2/neu varied in different studies. Positive Ki-67 and HER-2/neu were not associated with changes in survival but positive p53 and CD44 were significantly associated with improved survival.


The IPCC AR4 global warming climate simulations reveal a pronounced seasonality of polar warming amplification with maximum warming amplification in winter and minimum in summer. In this paper, we study the relative importance of surface albedo feedback (SAF), changes in cloud radiative forcing (CRF), changes in surface sensible and latent heat fluxes, changes in heat storage, and changes in the clear‐sky downward infrared radiation in causing the strong seasonality of polar warming amplification by calculating partial temperature changes due to each of these processes using the surface energy budget equation. The main thermodynamic factor for a small polar warming amplification in summer is that the positive SAF is largely cancelled out by the negative surface CRF feedback in summer. The positive SAF is relatively much weaker in winter compared to its amplitude in summer, therefore does not contribute to the pronounced polar warming amplification in winter. The seasonal cycle of polar surface warming amplification, in terms of both spatial patterns and temporal amplitude, closely follows the seasonal cycle of the warming due to changes in clear‐sky downward longwave radiation alone, indicating the importance of the atmospheric processes, such as water vapor feedback and dynamical feedbacks associated with the enhancement of poleward moist static energy transport, in causing the pronounced seasonality of polar warming amplification.


This paper presents a 5-stage CMOS distributed single-balanced mixer (DMIXER). The on-chip transmission lines are used to connect the RF and LO parts of the mixer. The distributed mixer is designed in standard 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS technology. It achieves 3.8dB average conversion gain from 3GHz to 22GHz, operates from 1.2V power supply, dissipates 129.36mW, among which 36mW is consumed by distributed active balun, and occupies 3.02 mm/sup 2/ silicon areas.


The alpine lherzolite massifs of southern Spain (Serrania de Ronda) and northern Morocco (Beni Bousera) are mantle intrusions emplaced at high temperature in the continental crust. Three types of mineralization occur in the lherzolites: (1) chromite-Ni arsenide ores (Cr-Ni ores) with orthopyroxene and/or cordieritc, (2) chromite ores (Cr ores) with clinopyroxene and/or orthopyroxene, (3) Ni-Fe-(Cu) sulfide-graphite ores (S-G ores) with chromite, plagio-clase, and phlogopite. The chromite ores are located in the plagioclase lherzolite core of lherzolite massifs, whereas the two other ore types are distributed in the outer spinel and garnet lherzolite zones.Chromite and Cr-Ni ores show primary magmatic textures, which are mostly overprinted by secondary high-temperature plastic deformation, and a compositional trend of chromite and orthopyroxene that corresponds fairly well to a magmatic Mg-Fe fractionation. Chromite also displays an unusual Zn and V enrichment. High gold contents (3-35 ppm) and up to chondritic platinum-group element values are found in the Ni arsenide-rich ores. S-G ores comprise a pyrrhotite-pentlandite-(chalcopyrite-cubanite)-graphite association which also includes Fe-rich chromites with high Zn and V contents; their platinum-group element and Au contents are much lower than those of Cr and Cr-Ni ores (<0.5 ppm platinum-group elements and <4 ppm Au).The proposed metallogenic model comprises (1) crystallization of chromite and pyroxene between 1,500 degrees and 950 degrees C; (2) segregation of an immiscible As-S-rich liquid (following the hypothesis of Oen, 1973) that accumulated downward and started crystallization between 800 degrees and 400 degrees C, with the formation of an arsenide matrix among chromite grains; and (3) later crystallization of an S-rich residual liquid in graphite-rich assemblages. During this magmatic evolution Os-Ir-Ru minerals were included in chromite, whereas Au and Rh-Pt-Pd were concentrated in the As-S-rich liquid and precipitated with the Ni arsenides. The residual S-rich liquid was therefore depleted in platinum-group elements and Au. This model implies a lherzolite source for the ore-forming elements and the fractionation of a magmatic liquid migrating at moderate- to low-pressure conditions from the core to the borders of the rising lherzolite body.


After regaining the independence, Lithuania was in the process of making transition to the market economy, yet radical societal shifts only moderately affected Lithuanian forestry. This study evaluates the main drivers that stimulated or decreased forest utilisation. Review of numerous sources reveals that the major drivers towards increased utilisation were the economic transition and changes in the resource base. These have been counterbalanced primarily by deeply-rooted normativism, increasing environmental restrictions, economic model of State forestry and sluggish land reform. The study shows that seeking to understand the dynamics of forest utilisation, it is insufficient to focus solely on the available forest inventory as is typically done in forecasts of timber removals. Instead, a holistic analysis is needed, taking into account, inter alia, institutional norms and developments outside the forest sector.


HYPOTHESIS
A conservative approach using selective intervention is better than an aggressive approach using nonselective intervention for ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma.

DESIGN
Nonrandomized controlled trial.

SETTING
A university hospital.

PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS
From 1984 to 1990, an aggressive approach was adopted in which 29 and 8 of a total of 40 patients underwent surgical intervention or attempted transarterial embolization (TAE), respectively. From 1991 to 1997, a more conservative approach was used. The initial treatment for 72 patients was conservative with close monitoring. Additional hemostatic procedures consisting of TAE (n = 13) or surgical intervention (n = 9) were given, depending on the clinical progress, disease status, and liver function of the patients.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
In-hospital mortality, survival.

RESULTS
In-hospital mortality rate was 62% (25 of 40 patients) in the first period and 51% (37 of 72 patients) in the second period. The respective median survival times were 7 and 12 days. If 36 patients with end-stage malignant neoplasms were excluded, the in-hospital mortality rate became 60% (18 of 30 patients) in the first period and 35% (16 of 46 patients) in the second period (P = .03, chi2 test). The respective median survival times became 8 and 72 days (P = .02, log rank test). In the second period, 7 (54%) of 13 patients who underwent TAE and 1 (11%) of 9 patients who underwent surgical intervention died within the same hospital admission (P = .07, Fisher exact test).

CONCLUSIONS
Selective intervention was cost-effective and gave better results than an aggressive approach. When intervention was indicated for hemostasis, surgery seemed better than TAE although the difference was not statistically significant.


— Morgan's refinement calculus (MRC) is one of the well-known methods allowing the formality presented in the program specification to be continued all the way to code. On the other hand, Object-Z (OZ) is an extension of Z adding support for classes and objects. There are a number of methods for obtaining code from OZ specifications that can be categorized into refinement and animation methods. As far as we know, only one refinement method exists which refines OZ specifications into code. However, this method does not have fine-grained refinement rules and thus cannot be automated. On the other hand, existing animation methods do not present mapping rules formally and do not support the mapping of several important constructs of OZ, such as all cases of operation expressions and most of constructs in global paragraph. In this paper, with the aim of providing an automatic path from OZ specifications to code, we propose an approach to map OZ specifications into their counterparts in MRC in order to use fine-grained refinement rules of MRC. In this way, having counterparts of our specifications in MRC, we can refine them into code automatically using MRC tools such as RED. Other advantages of our work pertain to proposing mapping rules formally, supporting the mapping of all important constructs of Object-Z, and considering dynamic instantiation of objects while OZ itself does not cover this facility.


Knowledge of bacterial community host‐specificity has increased greatly in recent years. However, the intermicrobiome relationships of unrelated but spatially close organisms remain little understood. Trunks of trees covered by epiphytes represent complex habitats with a mosaic of ecological niches. In this context, we investigated the structure, diversity and interactions of microbiota associated with lichens, mosses and the bare tree bark. Comparative analysis revealed significant differences in the habitat‐associated community structures. Corresponding co‐occurrence analysis indicated that the lichen microbial network is less complex and less densely interconnected than the moss‐ and bark‐associated networks. Several potential generalists and specialists were identified for the selected habitats. Generalists belonged mainly to Proteobacteria, with Sphingomonas as the most abundant genus. The generalists comprise microorganisms with generally beneficial features, such as nitrogen fixation or other supporting functions, according to a metagenomic analysis. We argue that beneficial strains shared among hosts contribute to ecological stability of the host biocoenoses.


In this paper, several existence results of
multiple positive solutions are obtained for a boundary value problem with
p-Laplacian, by applying a fixed point theorem in cones. The interesting point
is that the nonlinear term f is involved with the first-order derivative explicitly.


39 patients affected by CIN had undergone radio surgical excision. This non-traumatic method employs 3.8 MHz radio waves are employed to cut and/or coagulate. The radio surgical excision was carried out by a loop electrode, or microneedle, according to the colposcopic, histologic and microcolpohysteroscopic characteristics of the cervical lesion. In fact 14 patients, among whom 11 affected by CIN I and 4 by CIN II with a total visibility of squamous columnar junction and not extended lesion of the cervical canal, had undergone radio surgical excision through various dimensions loop according to the size of the tissue to be excised. Whereas 10 CIN II patients who had not entirely visible squamous columnar junction or large cervical canal lesion, and 14 CIN III patients underwent to radiosurgical conization through a subtle and extensible tungsten thread according to the size of the tissue to be excised. In the 100% of the both groups the recovery was confirmed after three and six months. Inno cases cervical canal stenosis was observed and the squamous columnar junction resulted well visible. In both groups no thermal damages on the excised tissue, which could create difficulties on the histological diagnosis, were observed. Therefore, this method resulted an easy and cheap technique to be executed in surgery with excellent results under the therapeutic and economical aspect.


Wireless body area network (WBAN) calls for a next generation in wireless networks. This new generation is designed to operate autonomously, to connect various medical sensors and appliances located on or inside a human body. Mobile WBANs have been designed, offering numerous practical and innovative services so that health care and quality of life can be improved. Thus, the equipment used in WBAN is usually mobile and autonomous which imposes high constraint on energy. That is, the energy efficiency must be taken into account as one of the objectives of the routing protocol designed for this type of network. Although mobile nodes may cause link breaks, most of studies ignore the link stability. In this paper, we propose a stable, reliable, energy efficient routing protocol for mobile Wireless Body Area Networks. It preserves the residual energy of nodes with an increase network lifetime. To achieve this goal, we use an objective model to select energy-efficient paths with stable links. Simulation results demonstrate that our protocol improves the state of the art in terms of energy consumption and routing overhead.


Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is a multidisciplinary, multiprogram laboratory with a mission to enhance national military and economic security through science and technology. Its mission is to reduce the nuclear danger through stewardship of the nation`s nuclear stockpile and through its nonproliferation and verification activities. An important secondary mission is to promote US industrial competitiveness by working with US companies in technology transfer and technology development partnerships. Los Alamos is involved in partnerships and collaborations with other federal agencies, with industry (including New Mexico businesses), and with universities worldwide. For this report, the reference period is FY 1998 (October 1, 1997, through September 30, 1998). It includes two major impact analysis: the impact of LANL activities on north-central New Mexico and the economic impacts of LANL on the state of New Mexico. Total impact represents both direct and indirect responding by business, including induced effects (responding by households). The standard multipliers used in determining impacts result from the inter-industry, input-output models developed for the three-county region and the state of New Mexico.


This paper examines the inter‐relationship between profitability, cost of capital and capital structure among property developers and contractors in Hong Kong. Whilst major indigenous local developers are among the largest and the most profitable in the world, their contractor counterparts are generally small and nowhere near as profitable. An analysis of financial data suggests that gearing is generally higher among contractors than developers. However, it does not mean that contractors borrow more than developers. Indeed they do not need to borrow as much as developers even if they have the assets to pledge as collateral. Contractors do not have to pay for high land costs, and they obtain project finance from developers through interim payments in lump sum contracts that are widely adopted in the industry. Their high gearing reflects more their low equity base than high level of debts. Their costs of equities are about double the developers', probably due to their usually low or negative profit margins. This conclusion is substantiated by further regression analysis of the data. The findings indicate that capital gearing is positively related with asset but negatively with profit margins. This article concludes with a discussion on implications of such profitability divide between the two sectors on the unequal relationship between developers and contractors, and on their competitiveness.


Attention, particularly mind wandering, has garnered research interest because of the development of technologies that empower a person to focus on several tasks simultaneously. This study investigated the mediating roles of resilience and academic burnout in the relationship between
 the Internet addiction and mind wandering of Chinese adolescents. Participants were 2,335 adolescents who anonymously completed questionnaires on Internet addiction, resiliency, academic burnout, and mind wandering. We used descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling for data analysis.
 The results showed that Internet addiction was positively and directly associated with mind wandering, and that there was also an indirect effect via resilience, academic burnout, and a sequential mediating effect of resilience and academic burnout. These results highlight the importance of
 resiliency as a construct in explaining mind wandering and have implications as regards the necessary steps to prevent mind wandering in adolescents.


This chapter introduces the concept of narrative design patterns, that aim to facilitate the shaping of compelling data-driven stories. There are many different ways storytellers can narrate the same story, depending on their intentions and their audience. Here, the authors define and describe a set of these narrative design patterns that can be used on their own or in combination to tell data stories in a myriad of ways. The authors then analyze 18 of them, and illustrate how these patterns can help storytellers think about the stories they want to tell and the best ways to narrate them. Each pattern has a specific purpose, for example, engaging the audience, evoking empathy, or creating flow and rhythm in the story. The authors assume storytellers already know what story they want to tell, why they want to tell it, and who they want to tell it to. These patterns may not only facilitate the process of creating compelling narratives, but stimulate a wider discussion on techniques and practices for data-driven storytelling.


Within nursing, career breaks have an impact on women's career outcomes. However, the causal mechanisms that explain the transfer of women's relative reduced career outcomes remain unclear. This article examines the relationships between career breaks, part-time working, and access to training/updating skills in determining nurses' career outcomes. We consider this to be a mechanism of transferring disadvantage both within and between genders within nursing.

This qualitative research involved in-depth interviews with 32 registered female nurses with and without children. They were employed in "acute" nursing and worked as registered Band 4 to "senior nurse managers" and were between 25 and 60 years old. They worked or had worked under a variety of employment conditions. Some, but not all, had taken career breaks or requested or attained postregistration training.

We found that restricted access to training for part-time nurses and limited opportunity to update their skills following a return from a career break are determining factors affecting the career outcomes of nurses. The findings suggest that it is related to rationing of training for those returning from career breaks, based on the availability of a supply of newly qualified nurses meeting the numerical demand, financial constraints, operational imperatives, and organizational values.


OBJECTIVE: To check if antitetanus immunity after a correct vaccination lasts the anticipated 10 years. DESIGN: Sero-epidemiological crossover study. Determination of tetanus antitoxin by the ELISA method. SETTING: The town of Barrado in Caceres. PATIENTS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS: 136 adult men and women (average age 54.6 +/- 15.9 years; range, 24 to 87) who had received their most recent vaccination during a 1981-1982 campaign. 71.32% received three doses. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: 82.35% +/- 6.40 of the sera analysed (percentage +/- C.I. 95%) maintained adequate levels of protection (> or = 0.01 Ui/ml). 100% of those under 35, revaccinated in 1980-81 because they were ELISA negative in spite of earlier school vaccination, were protected. The average concentrations did not differ significantly by gender and age-groups, although a tendency to decrease with age was noted. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-tetanus vaccination in the individuals studied provided lasting protection, detectable for 10 years in 76-89% of cases. This level of effectiveness lends support to the criterion of administering back-up doses every 10 years.


The effect of joint fluid on the tribology (ie, lubrication, friction, and wear) of total hip arthroplasty has not yet been investigated adequately. In the current study, a friction assay was used to assess four hypotheses relating to the effect of human joint fluid and its principal components on the articulation of metal-on-polyethylene. First, joint fluid was found to produce a widely varying amount of friction between cobalt-chromium and polyethylene; this range exceeded the range produced when the articulation was lubricated by water or bovine serum. Second, it was shown that hyaluronic acid, phospholipid, albumin, and γ-globulin were not acting as boundary lubricants, but that one or more other proteins (as yet unidentified) were responsible for reducing friction in this couple. Third, lower friction was found when oxidized zirconium alloy replaced cobalt-chromium as a bearing surface on polyethylene. Finally, a pilot study suggested that lubricin, which contributes to cartilage-on-cartilage lubrication, is not a protein responsible for the tribological variabiation found among joint fluid samples. The current study showed that joint fluid is a patient factor that influences the tribology of metal-on-polyethylene arthroplasty.


New velocity data in addition to literature data derived from sonic log, seismic, and laboratory measurements are analyzed for clastic silicate rocks. These data demonstrate simple systematic relationships between compressional and shear wave velocities. For water-saturated clastic silicate rocks, shear wave veloci ty is approximately linearly related to compressional wave velocity and the compressional-to-shear velocity ratio decreases with increasing compressional velocity. Laboratory data for dry sandstones indicate a nearly constant compressional-to-shear velocity ratio with rigidity approximately equal to bulk modulus. Ideal models for regular packings of spheres and cracked solids exhibit behavior similar to the observed water saturated and dry trends. For dry rigidity equal to dry bulk modulus, Gassmann's equations predict velocities in close agreement with data from the water-saturated


My current sculptural work stems from a fascination with exploring and drawing upon an architectural vocabulary. The focus is primarily on a small group of contemporary international architects, whose work reflects a sculptural solution to the built or drawn architectural form. Combined with these references is the proposed redefinition and presentation of the utilitarian role of furnititure.
The aim of my investigation has been primarily to question and explore, the visual boundaries between art and architecture. My sculptural forms are composed from derivations from furniture and architectural considerations.
Like many practitioners working in the arts today, my work draws its references and technical concerns from a broad spectrum of the artistic media, both from a practical and theoretical basis.
I will be arguing in this paper that in a contemporary situation the boundaries between architecture, sculpture, and furniture are becoming less defined. My central argument is that architecture can be considered as a sculptural form and that conversly, sculpture can be considered as an architecture form.
Practitioners of these mediums are no longer making clear separations in the process of creating an object or individual expression. Rather, they are drawing their sources and technical skills openly from across the medias, both for practical and theoretical perspective.
In looking at our aesthetic environment today, many critics of the arts - including architecture - reveal a new direction, in which there is much discussion of a respective contamination of all the art categories. As a consequence, we are witnessing an era in artistic history where there are constant substitutions and a general confusion of the genres. Most medias are clearly focused on these issues. For many artists, this concern is indicated often intentionally through rhetorical, theoretical or practical means. Artists who consider themselves to be on the cutting edge of artistic taste and attitudes are using these concerns to their advantage, as they draw closer to the end of this century. It is a time in artistic terms of great confusion and uncertainty.


Purpose
Servicescape is well recognized by marketing scholars as a key influence in transformative service outcomes. However, the concept of enabling transformative health outcomes through physical servicescape design is often overlooked. The purpose of this study is to integrate marketing's servicescape research with birth territory theory and the enabling places framework, conceptualizing a Co-Curated Transformative Place (CCTP) framework.

Design/methodology/approach
This cross-disciplinary conceptual paper uses three places of birth (POB) servicescapes for low-risk birthing women to ground the CCTP framework.

Findings
Positioned within transformative service research, this study shows how POB servicescapes are CCTPs. The organizing framework of CCTP comprises four key steps founded on agile and adaptive co-curation of physical place resources.

Research limitations/implications
This study extends the servicescape conceptualization to incorporate the continuum of terrain, introducing adaptive and agile co-curation of places.

Practical implications
The materiality of place and physical resources in CCTP are usefully understood in terms of co-curated substantive staging according to service actor needs. The CCTP servicescape maximizes desired value outcomes and quality experience by adaptive response to service demands and service actors' needs.

Originality/value
Theoretical discourse of health servicescapes is expanded to focus on the material components of place and their foundational role in generating resources and capabilities that facilitate the realization of service value. In the CCTP, service actors flexibly select, present and adapt physical artifacts and material resources of the service terrain according to dynamic actor needs and service responsibilities, enabling transformative outcomes. Co-curation facilitates reciprocal synergy between other dimensions of place and servicescape.


Intercostal muscle from patients with myasthenia gravis and from 'control' patients without clinical signs of muscular disease was assayed for its acetylcholine content by means of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Apart from acetylcholine, no other similar compound was detected in the muscles. Myasthenic muscle contained about twice as much acetylcholine as control muscle, and the resting release of acetylcholine was approximately the same in both types of muscle.


Sustainable methods for producing enantiopure drugs have been developed. Chlorohydrins as building blocks for several β-blockers have been synthesized in high enantiomeric purity by chemo-enzymatic methods. The yield of the chlorohydrins increased by the use of catalytic amount of base. The reason for this was found to be the reduced formation of the dimeric by-products compared to the use of higher concentration of the base. An overall reduction of reagents and reaction time was also obtained compared to our previously reported data of similar compounds. The enantiomers of the chlorohydrin building blocks were obtained by kinetic resolution of the racemate in transesterification reactions catalyzed by Candida antarctica Lipase B (CALB). Optical rotations confirmed the absolute configuration of the enantiopure drugs. The β-blocker (S)-practolol ((S)-N-(4-(2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propoxy)phenyl)acetamide) was synthesized with 96% enantiomeric excess (ee) from the chlorohydrin (R)-N-(4-(3-chloro-2 hydroxypropoxy)phenyl)acetamide, which was produced in 97% ee and with 27% yield. Racemic building block 1-((1H-indol-4-yl)oxy)-3-chloropropan-2-ol for the β-blocker pindolol was produced in 53% yield and (R)-1-((1H-indol-4-yl)oxy)-3-chloropropan-2-ol was produced in 92% ee. The chlorohydrin 7-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropoxy)-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one, a building block for a derivative of carteolol was produced in 77% yield. (R)-7-(3-Chloro-2-hydroxypropoxy)-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one was obtained in 96% ee. The S-enantiomer of this carteolol derivative was produced in 97% ee in 87% yield. Racemic building block 5-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropoxy)-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one, building block for the drug carteolol, was also produced in 53% yield, with 96% ee of the R-chlorohydrin (R)-5-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropoxy)-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one. (S)-Carteolol was produced in 96% ee with low yield, which easily can be improved.


Biomechanical properties of leaves, such as strength and toughness, may contribute to anti-herbivore defence by making it physically difficult or energetically costly for animals to eat them. We investigated leaf strength and toughness in seedlings of six rainforest trees from eastern Australia and their potential contribution to defence. Strength and toughness (work to fracture) were measured at the scale of the whole leaf and of different leaf parts. Resources for herbivores (water and nitrogen) and potential chemical defences (phenolics, alkaloids and cyanogenic glycosides) were also investigated. Leaves of Nothofagus moorei (F.Muell.) Krasser, Ceratopetalum apetalum D.Don and Doryphora sassafras Endl. were generally the toughest and strongest of those studied. Toona ciliata M.Roemer showed high concentrations of nutritive resources and little investment in the defences investigated, consistent with its shorter leaf lifespan and higher growth rate. There were no significant correlations of mechanical properties with palatability, but the softest leaf (T. ciliata) was associated with high levels of leaf damage in bioassay trials. There was also evidence that some leaves that are well-defended mechanically (involving carbon-rich cell wall) may invest less in competing carbon-based chemical defences, such as phenolics.


Flow cytometry is an important tool both for research and diagnostics of hematologic malignancies - including monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD). Recent progress and more widespread availability of 6 and higher color flow cytometry leads to complex, information-rich datasets which are very challenging to analyze. Here, we validate a novel approach to multi-parameter flow data analysis in MRD flow data sets from 39 ALL patients (including 23 patients from the I-BFM list mode data (LMD) ring trial). The approach combines hierarchical clustering (HCA) using a newly developed algorithm and support vector machine (SVM) learning. The algorithm employs a scale-invariant Mahalanobis distance measurement for merging clusters. This reflects the extended ellipsoid shape of the populations and is better suited for flow cytometric data compared with standard HCA metrics. The resulting hierarchical tree, combined with the heatmap of the CD marker expression allows visualization of hierarchically clustered data of all analyzed parameters displayed in a single plot. The clusters from HCA (representing the ALL blast population at diagnosis) were used to train SVM classifiers which were then applied to test for presence of a matching population in the test sample (follow-up sample). All work was carried out in MATLAB (MathWorks, Inc.). Using HCA, we have been able to detect the leukemic blast population in diagnostic and follow-up datasets (n=81) from three centers. The correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.98) between HCA and the standard gating approach was highly comparable to inter-laboratory comparisons within the I-BFM LMD ring trial (Dworzak MN et al; Cytometry B Clin Cytom. 2008 Jun 11.). To further improve sensitivity and exact quantification of low MRD levels and to automate MRD detection, we combined HCA with SVM learning. We have analyzed 21 samples from 5 patients with MRD levels between 0.004 to 57.54%. HCA plus SVM correlated better with standard gating results than HCA alone in particular in samples with low MRD levels (


This paper discusses the influence of non- plastic fines on the liquefaction and reconsolidation volumetric strain behaviour of sand based on the strain controlled cyclic triaxial experimental results. The investigations were carried out on sand samples collected from earthquake-affected area of Ahmedabad city of Gujarat state in India. Laboratory investigations were conducted on clean sand (prepared from the natural sand) samples with varying amount of non-plastic fines. Experimental results highlight a considerable influence of non-plastic fines on the resistance to liquefaction and reconsolidation volumetric strains behaviour during cyclic loading.


A new model reference adaptive control (MRAC) algorithm is presented for a class of nonlinear systems. The proposed MRAC method uses a nonlinear reference model whose controller is designed by using the so-called State Dependent Riccati Equation (SDRE) techniques. The controller designed for the nonlinear reference model is then adapted for the (presumably unknown or uncertain) nonlinear plant dynamics, again by using the SDRE methodology. The proposed methodology is exemplified by using the simulation model of an inverted pendulum, showing the effectiveness of SDRE-based MRAC for nonlinear systems.


Evidences over the past few decades show that significant changes
in climate are taking place all over the world as a result of
enhanced human activities in deforestation, emission of various
greenhouse gases, and indiscriminate use of fossil fuels. Global
atmospheric concentration of CO2 has increased from preindustrial
level of 280 parts per million (ppm) to 400 ppm in 2014.
Global projections indicate higher temperature of 1.5 to 4.5°C by
the year 2050, as a result of enhanced greenhouse gases. Climate
change predictions for India indicate that warming is likely to be
above the global mean and fewer very cold days are very likely.
Frequency of intense rainfall events and winds associated with
tropical cyclones are likely to increase...


An adaptive impulse correlated filter (AICF) for event-related signals that are time-locked to a stimulus is presented. This filter estimates the deterministic component of the signal and removes the noise uncorrelated with the stimulus, even if this noise is colored, as in the case of evoked potentials. The filter needs two inputs: the signal (primary input) and an impulse correlated with the deterministic component (reference input). The LMS algorithm is used to adjust the weights in the adaptive process. It is shown that the AICF is equivalent to exponentially weighted averaging (FWA) when using the LMS algorithm. A quantitative analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio improvement, convergence, and misadjustment error is presented. A comparison of the AICF with ensemble averaging (EA) and moving window averaging (MWA) techniques is also presented. The adaptive filter is applied to real high-resolution ECG signals and time-varying somatosensory evoked potentials.<<ETX>>


Although most studies exploring the vertical distribution of arthropods in forests have been limited to discrete comparisons between understorey and canopy, few have sampled across multiple heights. We studied vertical distribution of scolytine beetle flight activity in temperate lowland broadleaf and montane beech‐fir forests using flight interception traps arranged in vertical transects with traps placed 0.4, 1.2, 7, 14, and 21 m above ground. In each forest type 15 vertical transects (75 traps) were used. The assemblages sampled at 0.4 and 1.2 m above ground (undergrowth) clearly differed from those at 7, 14, and 21 m (midstorey and canopy). Ambrosia‐fungi feeder abundance peaked at 1.2 m in the mountains, whereas in the lowland they were almost evenly distributed from 1.2 to 21 m. Phloem feeders were significantly more abundant in the midstorey and canopy than in the undergrowth. Height preferences of eleven species were identified. Four species were associated with traps exposed at 7, 14, or 21 m, whereas seven species were associated with the height of 1.2 m. No species was associated with the 0.4 m height. To cover entire scolytine assemblages of forest stands, sampling should thus not be restricted to the usually sampled understorey level, but also cover the canopy.


BackgroundSalinity is an important global problem with destructive impacts on plants leading to different biochemical and metabolic changes in plants through induced oxidative stress that disturbs metabolism, growth, performance and productivity of plants. Given that putrescine (Put) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs), individually, have promising effects on different plants processes, the idea of their combination in a nano-structure "Put-CQD" caused to its synthesizing for doubled positive effects. The current study aimed to investigate the application of newly-synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) consisting of CQDs and Put on grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Sultana) under salinity stress conditions. For this purpose, Put, CQDs and Put-CQD NPs at 5 and 10 mg L-1 concentrations were applied as chemical priming agents on 'Sultana' grapes 48 h prior salinity imposition (0 and 100 mM NaCl). ResultsSalinity significantly decreased (P≤0.05) morphological parameters, photosynthesis pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and membrane stability index. In addition, salinity enhanced MDA, H2O2, proline and antioxidant enzymes activity. The results revealed that Put-CQD NPs, particularly at 10 mg L-1 concentration, alleviated the destructive impacts of salinity stress by improving leaf fresh and dry weights, K+ content, photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence and SPAD parameters, free proline content, total phenolics and antioxidant enzymatic activities (CAT, APX, GP and SOD), while decreasing Na+ content, EL, MDA and H2O2 levels. ConclusionTo conclude, Put-CQD NPs represent an innovative priming treatment that could be effectively applied on grapevine to improve plant performance under salinity stress conditions.


Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC

Kinase inhibitors have found applications in multiple oncology settings due to their ability to target key signaling pathways in many different cancers. In general, the broad-spectrum kinase inhibitors have yielded better clinical outcomes than more selective ones because they block more than one pathway critical for tumor growth. We describe herein the pharmacological profile of TG02, a multi-kinase inhibitor being developed by Tragara Pharmaceuticals, which combines cell cycle regulatory and transcriptional CDK inhibition with activity against kinase targets important in the etiology of various leukemias.

In vitro potency against the kinases was evaluated using recombinant enzymes with synthetic substrates. Potency on intracellular signaling pathways was assessed by Western blot analyses of the phosphorylated substrates in cell lysates. Functional potency was assessed using proliferation assays performed on human tumor cell lines as well as hematopoietic progenitors expanded from patients' blood. Evaluation of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic biomarkers and anti-tumor efficacy was performed in nude mouse xenograft models of leukemia.

TG02 was shown to be a potent inhibitor of several key CDKs (IC50 = 19, 11, 37 & 10nM vs. CDK1, 2, 7 & 9) as well as two other kinases implicated in hematological malignancies, FLT3 and JAK2, with similar potency. The CDK spectrum includes both cell cycle regulatory and transcriptional CDKs. TG02 potently inhibits proliferation across a broad panel of human liquid tumor cell lines (IC50 from 68 to 230 nM). Comparison with reference inhibitors that block only one of the kinase targets of interest demonstrated the significant added benefit of combined CDK and JAK2 targeting. Inhibition of signaling by the CDK and FLT3-JAK2 pathways in leukemia cell lines was detected at the same range (0.10 to 0.35 μM). TG02 was generally cleared from the blood within 8 hours of oral administration but was retained in tumor masses at supratherapeutic levels for 24-48 hours, depending on dose. Accordingly, pathway-related biomarkers were markedly suppressed for 24-72 hours after dosing. In a murine model of FLT3-mutated leukemia (MV4-11), TG02 induced tumor regression after oral daily dosing (40 mg/kg for 21 days). Furthermore, in an orthotopic model of AML with WT FLT3 and JAK2 (HL60), TG02 significantly prolonged median survival time (59 days vs. 40 days) after treatment at 100 mg/kg p.o. 2d on/5d off. Proliferation assays using hematopoietic progenitors expanded from patients with JAK2 mutations or FLT3 wild-type or mutant acute myeloid leukemia revealed higher efficacy of TG02 compared to reference inhibitors targeting only one of the kinases of interest, again demonstrating the benefits of co-targeting CDKs and additional kinases.

TG02 is a multi-kinase inhibitor with a previously unreported spectrum of targets that shows promising preclinical activity for the treatment of hematological malignancies.

Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2542.


With a view to developing the high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy for weld structure, the weld cracking sensitivity and the stress corrosion susceptibility has been investigated using the samples containing 1-2%Mg, 4-7%Zn, 0.1-0.6%Cu and 0.2-0.6%Ag. The additional elements of Mn, Cr and Zr were slightly added, and the weld cracking sensitivity was investigated to study the improvement of weldability. The results revealed that each element improved the weld cracking sensitivity, and particularly the improved effect proved to be remarkable with the addition of Zr. The reason is considered to be the grain size at the weld metal becoming finer due to the addition of Zr, causing the tensile stress exerted on the grain boundary at the time of solidification shrinkage to be dispersed and reduced. Various welded joints were produced by using the samples containing the chemical composition of final selection, and were subjected to the investigation of mechanical properties. The results have revealed that compared with the conventional weld metal of JIS7NO1, the proof stress of the newly developed alloy was found to be approximately 40% higher in the base metal, and approximately 30% higher in the weld metal.


The present study investigated the effects of the prebiotic inulin on the growth parameters, digestive enzyme activities and antioxidant status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). After acclimation, fish (34±0.22 g; n = 135) were assigned into 9 tanks (15 fish per tank) and triplicate groups were fed a control diet (G-0) or diets containing 1% (G-1) or 2% (G-2) inulin. At the end of the trial (8 weeks), growth factors (final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), food conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), Economic conversion ratio (ECR), digestive enzyme activities (pepsin, trypsin, amylase and lipase) and antioxidant status superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level of liver tissue were assessed. At the end of the study highest survival rate was observed in the fish fed with 1% G-1 inulin group. Similarly, digestive enzyme activities were significantly higher dietary G-1 group. Subsequently, elevated growth performance (final weight, SGR and FCR) was observed in trout fed with 1% compared to the control group. The effect of the dietary inulin on digestion was partly observed by assaying the activity of pepsin, intestinal amylase, trypsin and lipase. Apart from pepsin activity, results indicated that dietary supplementation of inulin is beneficial and may also have differential effects upon digestive enzyme activities. Antioxidant enzyme activity of SOD and CAT in liver tissue was generally higher in the supplemented inulin diets than in the control and significantly higher in the 1% inulin group. A significant decrease in MDA level of tissue was observed in all inulin supplemented groups when compared to the control group. These results indicate that inulin be considered as a beneficial dietary supplement for growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and antioxidant status of rainbow trout.


In this paper, a function model of back-to-back PWM converters, based on the switching function, is developed for simplified simulation of power electronic application systems. For the function model, the PWM power switches are represented by dependent power sources. By using the proposed function model, the computer memory and the run time required for the simulation of power circuits can be significantly reduced. It is shown that the simulation results generated from the function models are almost the same as the ones obtained by using the switching power device model.


On October 26, President Bush signed into law the USA Patriot Act (the "Act"), which creates a new sweeping arsenal of tools to combat international money laundering and the financing of terrorism. Title III of the legislation, the "International Money Laundering Abatement and Anti-Terrorism Financing Act of 2001," makes extensive changes to the Bank Secrecy Act of 1970 (BSA) and the Money Laundering Control Act of 1986 (MLCA), as amended, that will have a far-reaching impact on the whole financial community, defined to include all banks, brokers and dealers, investment and insurance companies, as well as all those involved in real estate closings and settlements. A number of the provisions of the Act became effective as early as December 25, 2001, while others will go into effect on April 24, 2002, or by July 1 or 23, 2002. The legislation substantially broadens existing coverage and the extraterritorial jurisdiction of the United States, imposes new compliance and due diligence obligations, creates new crimes and penalties, compels the production of documents located both inside and outside the United States, including those of foreign institutions that merely have a correspondent relationship in the United States, and clarifies the safe harbor from civil liability to customers. The Act mandates the Treasury to issue a number of regulations which are likely to further expand its breadth and increases the already severe criminal and civil penalties for financial institutions to a fine of at least twice the amount of a transaction but not more than $1 million and expands the equally draconian forfeiture provisions. The requirements imposed by the USA Patriot Act compel each institution covered by the statute to reevaluate the way it conducts business. Some will have to expand existing compliance and Know-Your-Customer programs to bring them in line with the new standards. All affected businesses will have to reconsider the way they report suspicious transactions and activities to law enforcement authorities and do so more diligently. Banking institutions and brokers and dealers will also have to fashion new policies and procedures for the use of concentration, payable-through and correspondent accounts, and obtain the required certifications from the numerous foreign counterparts with whom they conduct business. Private bankers and trust companies will need to further enhance their anti-money laundering programs and record-keeping procedures.


The mean structure of African easterly waves (AEWs) over West Africa and the adjacent Atlantic is isolated by projecting dynamical fields from reanalysis and radiosonde data onto space–time-filtered satellite-derived outgoing longwave radiation. These results are compared with previous studies and an idealized modeling study in a companion paper, which provides evidence that the waves bear a close structural resemblance to the fastest-growing linear normal mode of the summertime basic-state flow over Africa. There is a significant evolution in the three-dimensional structure of AEWs as they propagate along 10°N across West Africa. At this latitude, convection occurs in northerly flow to the east of the Greenwich meridian, then shifts into the wave trough, and finally into southerly flow as the waves propagate offshore into the Atlantic ITCZ. In contrast, to the north of the African easterly jet along 15°N convection remains in southerly flow throughout the waves' trajectory. Along 10°N over West Africa, the location of convection is consistent with the adiabatic dynamical forcing implied by the advection of perturbation vorticity by the mean thermal wind in the zonal direction, as in the companion paper. Offshore, and along 15°N, the relationship between the convection and dynamics is more complex, and not as easily explained in terms of dynamical forcing alone.


Recently, Deep-Neural-Network (DNN) based edge prediction is progressing fast. Although the DNN based schemes outperform the traditional edge detectors, they have much higher computational complexity. It could be that the DNN based edge detectors often adopt the neural net structures designed for high-level computer vision tasks, such as image segmentation and object recognition. Edge detection is a rather local and simple job, the over-complicated architecture and massive parameters may be unnecessary. Therefore, we propose a traditional method inspired framework to produce good edges with minimal complexity. We simplify the network architecture to include Feature Extractor, Enrichment, and Summarizer, which roughly correspond to gradient, low pass filter, and pixel connection in the traditional edge detection schemes. The proposed structure can effectively reduce the complexity and retain the edge prediction quality. Our TIN2 (Traditional Inspired Network) model has an accuracy higher than the recent BDCN2 (Bi-Directional Cascade Network) but with a smaller model.


Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have received intensive recent interest as multi-functional nanocarriers for biological cells and tissues. Their cell uptake and intracellular distribution depends on the surface charge they carry. We develop a new approach for monitoring their uptake and intracellular localization by measuring the local pH value of the MSNs. We synthesized a ratiometric pH-sensor loaded with mesoporous silica nanoparticles that can map the location of the MSN through the site pH in HeLa cells. Positively charged MSN-TA was found to locate in higher pH regions which are identified as cytosol mostly. On the other hand, negatively charged MSN-PPs were trapped in acidic endosomes. Evidence is given for direct penetration of membranes through a charge-mediated membrane–nanoparticle interaction mechanism.


WiMAX comprises of mobile nodes, to provide secure and seamless communication. Handover latency in WiMAX plays a vital role in performance of the system. In this paper we proposed a group manager scheme to reduce the handover latency and security consideration. The Group Manager sends the authentication details of the mobile node to the target Base Station. In order to provide security ,the Group Manager authenticate the Mobile node with base station using light weight RC4 algorithm and then sends it to access service network(ASN). In order to detect the Spoofing attack, an Attack Detection System has been developed using Support Vector Machine which prevents group manager and its mobile nodes from intruders. This approach drastically reduces the number of messages and time taken for authentication and thereby improves the overall efficiency of the network.


Transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) known as indium tin oxide (ITO) and fluorine tin oxide (FTO) deposited on glass were compared by different techniques and also as anodes in organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices with same structure. ITO produced at laboratory was compared with the commercial one manufactured by different companies: Diamond Coatings, Displaytech and Sigma-Aldrich, and FTO produced at laboratory was compared with the commercial one manufactured by Flexitec Company. FTO thin films produced at laboratory presented the lowest performance measured by Hall effect technique and also by I-V curve of OLED device with low electrical current and high threshold voltage. ITO thin films produced at laboratory presented elevated sheet resistance in comparison with commercial ITOs (approximately one order of magnitude greater), that can be related by a high number of defects as discontinuity of the chemical lattice or low crystalline structure. In the assembly of OLED devices with ITO and FTO produced at laboratory, neither presented luminances. ITO manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich company presented better electrical and optical characteristics, as low electrical resistivity, good wettability, favorable transmittance, perfect physicalchemical stability and lowest threshold voltage (from 3 to 4.5 V) for OLED devices.


this paper addresses the impact of a fuse blow philosophy on long lines commonly found in rural electric utilities as well as shorter lines which are ubiquitous in more urban areas. It also assesses the differences in the impact of these schemes in terms of both power quality (momentaries) and reliability issues. Detailed analysis of the impact on the utility system is presented and discussed.


OBJECTIVES
This study looks into the efficacy and safety of the transforaminal lumbar epidural steroid injection (TLESI) applied to patients with radiculopathy due to lumbar disk herniation.

METHODS
The patients' files which were applied TLESI, were retrospectively scanned. Patients who did not respond to one-month conservative treatment and who were detected to have bulging or protruding lumbar disk herniation as a result of imaging methods were included in the study. All applications were performed with C-arm fluoroscopy under local anesthesia by outpatient method. In all cases, a mix of 80 mg triamsinolone and 0.25% bupivacaine, was transforaminally injected to the anterior epidural area. Initial VAS pain scores were compared with the values of the 1, 3 and 6th months after the application. Patient satisfaction was determined through scoring. Furthermore, early and late term complications were collected for evaluation.

RESULTS
A total of 222 patients were administered TLESI 460 times (average: 2.1, repeat interval: 1-6 times). The applications were carried out most frequently at the levels of L4-L5 and L5-S1. While the initial VAS score average was 8.2±0.7, after TLESI, it was 5.0±1.6, 4.8±1.5 and 5.1±1.5 in the 1, 3 and 6th months, respectively. 63.9% of the patients (n=142) defined the treatment as 'good and excellent'. No major complications were experienced and the overall minor complication rate was 11.1%.

CONCLUSION
It was seen that TLESI was an efficient and safe method in the short and medium term.


The performances of various optical elements are presented for ideally monochromatic X-rays in terms of position–angle space, which is used in the phase-space method. The optical elements discussed are a synchrotron radiation source, flat perfect crystals (reflection and transmission geometries), mosaic crystals, curved crystals of reflection (Johansson, Johann and logarithmic spiral types) and transmission geometries, and an elliptic total reflection mirror. The angular widths of acceptance and emergence for diffraction are properly taken into account in both the flat and curved crystals. It is shown that focusing optical elements such as a curved crystal and an elliptical mirror should not be treated simply as lenses.


The purpose of this study is to analyze how the condition of the stock price of Companies in the Pharmaceutical Sector listed on the stock exchange before and during covid 19 (2019-2020). This Research method uses descriptive research with a quantitative approach, and the method of purposive sampling in taking the sample so obtained 9 companies that meet the criteria that have been determined from a total of 12 populations of a company in the pharmaceutical sector which are listed in BEI. The type and source of data used in this research is secondary data, obtained from the web finance.yahoo.com. This study contains the results of the analysis chart of stock price movements with the use of moving average 20, 50, 100 and Tables by using the close price for the average of any month on any company for 2 years i.e., 2019 and 2020. The results of this study show that the movement of the stock price on the 2019 show buy and sell signals are stable although there are some conditions where the shares of each company is experiencing an uptrend or a downtrend but the decline and rise in the year 2019 still difase reasonable because it is not too significant, but when the pandemic covid-19 (2020) the average movement of the stock prices of companies in the pharmaceutical sector the beginning to the end of the year from 9 companies in the pharmaceutical sector are all increased due to an increase in demand for products in the field of health is very influential, both on the revenue and profit of the company itself or increase in investor interest in shares of the pharmaceutical sector. © 2021. RIGEO. All Rights Reserved.


Aims: The aim of this work is to provide in depth characterization of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with severe hypoglycemia and assess the role of structured nurse-led intervention on clinical outcome. Methods: Individuals with T2D and severe hypoglycemia requiring ambulance services assistance were recruited into the study. Participants were randomized into standard arm (n=64), managed using existing pathways, or intervention arm (n=60), receiving nurse-led support for a period of 90 days. A third group did not wish to participate in the interventional study but consented for their data to be collected and were analyzed separately (observational arm; n=36). Results: Of the 160 participants, 88 were men and median age was 77.0 (IQR 69.3-82.0) years. Mean HbA1c±SD was 59.7±16.1 mmol/mol and capillary glucose levels at ambulance crew arrival was 2.2±0.75 mmol/L. HbA1c, smoking status, age and presenting glucose were similar in the standard and intervention arms. 9 participants withdrew or lost to follow-up and were excluded from analysis. Individuals were followed-up for a median of 1350 days (IQR 870-1627) and mortality occurred in 67 participants (44.4%), with cardiovascular events as the leading cause (34%) followed by infections (27%). The number of deaths in the intervention arm was 17 (32%) compared with 31 (50%) in conventionally managed individuals (p=0.047), mainly due to a reduction in cardiovascular mortality [1 (2%) and 11 (18%), respectively; p Discussion: This pilot study demonstrates that cardiovascular events and infections are the main cause of mortality following severe hypoglycemia in the community requiring ambulance services assistance. A structured nurse-led intervention for 3 months reduces mortality primarily due to a decrease in cardiovascular events. Disclosure S. Pearson: Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc. K. Kulavarasalingam: None. P. Baxter: None. A.K. Mitchell-Gears: Other Relationship; Self; Heart Research UK. B.A. Whittam: None. R. Ajjan: Consultant; Self; Abbott. Research Support; Self; Abbott, LifeScan, Inc.


Belgian Society of Cardiology Belgian Heart Rhythm Association (BeHRA) The 13th Belgian Heart Rhythm Meeting Arrhythmias for Every Cardiologist Programme Committee: Ivan BLANKOFF; Marnix GOETHALS; Georges H. MAIRESSE,


After a two-year stay at the Imperial Court of Maria Theresa and Francis I in Vienna (1763-1765), during which he proved his creative talents in a variety of media, Jean Pillement accepted the invitation of the newly elected King of Poland, Stanislaw August Poniatowski, to come to Warsaw in order to take on the post of court painter. It would prove to be an exacting appointment. The young King well educated and well travelled (he had sojourned at the courts of Dresden, Vienna, Berlin, Amsterdam, Paris, London and St. Petersburg) was a genuine lover of the arts, a discerning collector and strove to create an enlightened court by bringing to Warsaw architects, painters and sculptors, theatre, opera and ballet artists and generally create favourable conditions for learning, the arts and art collecting. This ambitious programme, however, placed on his artists stringent demands dictated by Stanislaw August according to his own vision of what he wished to be done. It was particularly tedious for such a free spirit like Pillement, but he obediently complied with the King's wishes by executing multiple orders not necessarily related to his art and ranging from the project of a royal monogram; a project of gondolas; another of Rococo wall brackets; sketches of paintings of history inspired by texts by Plutarch, Titus Livius and Suetonius presented according to the written descriptions of the King; furthermore, views of antique ruins after Piranesi: the Acqua Julia and the temple of Minerva Medici, both in Rome. And finally - patriotic Polish allegorical compositions. Mercifully, the King's orders included also topics in which Pillement excelled, namely Rococo wall decorations for the King's study and two pairs of large, superb panels for the royal summer residence of Ujazdow, which are now in the collection of the Petit Palais in Paris. Pillement also painted numerous pastoral landscapes for the king's private apartments. Four of them are used today as overdoors at the Royal Castle. Following the example of Stanislaw August, prominent aristocratic families, such as the Czartoryskis, the Branickis, the Potockis, the Sapiehas, the Zamoyskis and the Mniszechs also collected Pillement's drawings and paintings. In appreciation of Pillement's services, the King granted him a royal patent to the title of Premier Peintre du Roy (also appears spelled as Roi) de Pologne.


This special issue of the Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs features selected research papers with an emphasis on Central Asia—a region generally defined as the five postCommunist states of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, plus Afghanistan and China's northwest province of Xinjiang, wherein aside from millions of Han Chinese, close to eight million ethnic Turkic Muslims, most commonly referred to as Uighur, also reside. Based on this geographical designation, therefore, Central Asia encompasses a massive territory—estimated at 6.3 million km—consisting of six states and a large province of another, and a total population nearing 100 million people. Our focus on Central Asia is all the more significant given the region's problematic political climate, wherein instability and various degrees of dictatorial and authoritarian rule has been the norm for much of the region; and potentially extremist Islamist groups have taken footholds; where there is a widening intraand inter-state income gap; and where natural resources (of petroleum, natural gas, cotton, gold, silver, and other minerals) are increasingly becoming sources of interest for rich consuming nations. The general interest in the region and the relative shortage of information and facts coming out from Central Asia also makes the focus of this special issue to be of importance.


Objective:
Effective confirmation of pregnancy is a basic component of reproductive health
services. It is a determinant for accessing antenatal care (ANC) if the pregnancy
is wanted and abortion services if the pregnancy is unwanted. This study
examined the effect of urine pregnancy testing in the timing of presentation
for pregnancy care. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 320
women presenting for antenatal care and 300 women presenting for abortion at
private sector clinics in Western Nigeria. Results: The median age at first
presentation was 20 weeks for ANC clients and 8 weeks for abortion clients.
Obtaining urine pregnancy test of one's accord was associated with a decrease
in the gestational age at presentation of 3.7 weeks and 1.5 weeks for antenatal
and abortion clients, respectively, independent of all other factors. Conclusion:
Bearing in mind that the clinical benefit and public health impact of early
presentation for antenatal and abortion services are unequivocal, strategies
aimed at decreasing gestational age at presentation for pregnancy care should
be given priority. "Fast-track" urine pregnancy testing services should be
promoted in the private and public clinics in Nigeria.


This paper examines the linguistic landscape (shop names) of Chinatown in Bangkok, a prosperous minority language (Chinese) community of diverse commercial establishments. Informed by an ethnographic framework, it explores the preservation of Chinese language and culture under the circumstance of language contact with Thai, the majority language, and globalization influence of English. Unsurprisingly, the inherited Chinese language (dialects as Teochew or Cantonese) was lost in the 2nd or 3rd generation of the Chinese descendants in Chinatown. However, the shop names suggest that in part because of its commodifying value and cultural awareness of the current proprietors, the Chinese shop owners are inclined to preserve the Chinese language and culture of the shops through the use of traditional Chinese characters, colors, layout and other marks of the shops. On the other hand, an analysis of the mutual translations of Chinese and Thai indicates that Chinese has more of a symbolic rather than informative function for Thai monolingual customers. Moreover, the ascendancy of English has contributed to the complexity of the multilingual landscape in Bangkok's Chinatown.


Background and aims The purpose of this study was to verify the factorial structure, internal validity, reliability, and criterion validity of the 21-item Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R) in an Italian sample. Methods Italian voluntary (N = 519) users of gyms who had a history of regular exercise for over a year completed the EDS-R and measures of exercise frequency. Results and conclusions Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated a good fit to the hypothesized 7-factor model, and adequate internal consistency for the scale was evidenced. Criterion validity was evidenced by significant correlations among all the subscale of the EDS and exercise frequency. Finally, individuals at risk for exercise dependence reported more exercise behavior compared to the nondependent-symptomatic and nondependent-asymptomatic groups. These results suggest that the seven subscales of the Italian version of the EDS are measuring the construct of exercise dependence as defined by the DSM-IV criteria for substance dependence and also confirm previous research using the EDS-R in other languages. More research is needed to examine the psychometric properties of the EDS-R in diverse populations with various research designs.


What the Body Told is the second book of poetry from Rafael Campo, a practicing physician, a gay Cuban American, and winner of the National Poetry Series 1993 Open Competition. Exploring the themes began in his first book, The Other Man Was Me, Campo extends the search for identity into new realms of fantasy and physicality. He travels inwardly to the most intimate spaces of the imagination where sexuality and gender collide and where life crosses into death. Whether facing a frenetic hospital emergency room to assess a patient critically ill with AIDS or breathing in the quiet of his mother's closet, Campo proposes with these poems an alternative means of healing and exposes the extent to which words themselves may be the most vital working parts of our bodies. The secret truths in What the Body Told, as the title implies, are already within each of us. In these vivid and provocative poems, Rafael Campo gives them a voice.


Although several experimental therapies such as dopaminergic cell implantation in parkinsonian models and intratumoral placement of lymphokine-activated killer cells require intracerebral deposition of dispersed cell suspensions, a successful technique of needle implantation of cells into primate brain has not been demonstrated. The authors have sought to establish a stereotaxic technique to predictably deposit dispersed cells in primate brain. Human lymphocytes were cultured in recombinant interleukin-2, labeled with sodium 51 chromate (51Cr), and stereotaxically injected into the frontal white matter of six anesthetized rhesus monkeys. A 10-microliters aliquot of cell suspension (2 X 10(7) cells/ml) was deposited 16 mm deep to the dura at 5 microliters/min via Hamilton No. 22s or 26s needles. Five control aliquots were counted for each injection. Reflux out of the needle track was absorbed on gauze, and the recovered cells were counted. The animals were sacrificed 1 hour after implantation and the brain was removed and sectioned such that the cortex and white matter along the needle track were separate. The tissue sections were then counted. Recovery was expressed as the percentage of total injected radioactivity (cpm) that was present in each brain section. Two additional injected hemispheres were processed for autoradiography and histological study. Cell recovery in the brain (mean +/- standard deviation) was 87.2% +/- 13.9% (3.3% +/- 4.9% in cortex and 83.9% +/- 15.9% in white matter). The autoradiograms and histological examination showed a dense accumulation of radioactivity (cells) at the target site and minimal radioactivity (cells) in the needle track. Accurate intracerebral deposition of dispersed cells in primates was achieved with the technique described. This knowledge permits reliable stereotaxic implantation of cells into the brains of nonhuman primates and humans for investigation and therapy.


The Reliquary of the True Cross from the Louvre Museum serves as a good illustration of some key ideas which are of high interest for modern art historians studying medieval art. These ideas are: hybridity (syncretism, compositeness), portability (mobility), circulation, and transparency (crossing borders). The Reliquary is a product of a complicated cross-cultural exchange with more than one participant. First of all, it is a composite, or hybrid, object. The cross-shaped reliquary was produced in the Holy Land in the twelfth century, most likely in Jerusalem, while the casket, in which the cross is housed, was produced later, probably in a South Italian or Sicilian workshop of the late twelfth or early thirteenth century. Furthermore, the reliquary belongs to a big family of portable objects, which are defined by the feature of portability, and which add to its material value significant symbolical value when they are transported beyond the borders - geographical, cultural, or political - of the region of their production. In order to better understand the reliquary and its value, I answer two sets of questions. First is the set of "traditional" questions of Western European art history, namely authorship, style, date, and periodization. Then I consider this reliquary as an "object without borders," in terms of Jennifer Purtle, and find answers to the kinds of questions related to the specificity of portable objects: What is the object within the context in which it exists? How and why does an object move beyond borders? What meaning and what cultural and economic value accrue to an object when it exists without borders? Answering these questions, I show how the reliquary moved from one cultural and political context to another, being re-shaped and re-considered on the course of its travels.


As a selective estrogen receptor β agonist, the natural flavonoid liquiritigenin reportedly inhibits invasiveness of breast cancer cells, but its specific role and mechanism remain largely unclear. In this study, cells from the triple negative breast cancer lines MDA-MB-231 and BT549 were incubated with different concentrations of liquiritigenin. The results indicated that low concentrations had no significant cytotoxic effect, whereas high concentrations decreased viability of both MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cells. Liquiritigenin treatment also resulted in increased apoptosis and enhanced Caspase3 activity. After liquiritigenin treatment, we observed decreased invasive and migratory capacities of cells, as well as upregulated E-cadherin and downregulated N-cadherin, vimentin, and MMP9. Interestingly, liquiritigenin increased the mRNA and protein expression of breast cancer 1 (BRCA1). It also increased p21 and growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible 45 alpha (GADD45A) levels, accompanied by decreased cellular DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity and downregulation of DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b. These findings suggest that liquiritigenin can inhibit malignant behavior of triple negative breast cancer cells by inhibiting DNMT activity and increasing BRCA1 expression and its transcriptional activity. Liquiritigenin thus may be a promising candidate for the treatment of breast cancer.


BackgroundThe occurrence and progression of diabetic nephropathy is closely related to oxidative stress response. Vitamin E, as a lipid soluble antioxidant, has a long history of use. It may improve oxidative stress response to some extent, but there is no relevant support of evidence-based medicine. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the effect of oral vitamin E on oxidative stress response in patients with diabetic nephropathy.MethodsA computer was used for retrieving data from English database (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library) and Chinese database (CNKI, Wangfang, VIP, CBMDISC) between the creation time to October 2020, a randomized controlled clinical study on oral vitamin E treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Two investigators conducted data extraction and literature quality evaluation for the included studies, and a Meta- analysis on the included articles was conducted using RevMan5.3 software.ConclusionsThis study will summarize up-to-date high-quality RCTs to assess the antioxidant effects of oral vitamin E on diabetic nephropathy. The findings of this study will help to determine whether oral vitamin E is effective and safe in patients with diabetic nephropathy.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020213945


We established an interactive digital video link between specialists at Flinders University, South Australia and Kyushu University, Japan, with a third site at the National University of Singapore. The system provided standard definition, non-compressed video at 30 frames per second and required 32 Mbit/s bandwidth per bidirectional connection. The quality of the surgical images was sufficient to allow surgeons at remote sites to develop a good idea of the surgical technique, and there was general agreement that this was a viable tool for remote surgical training. The images and interactions were significantly better than those typical of conventional videoconferencing. The challenge now is to develop structured education sessions utilising additional materials to supplement the surgical sessions, and to develop an appropriate pedagogical framework for this form of learning.


Flows from mild to steep slopes are relevant in hydraulic engineering relating to chute spillways and slope changes in irrigation networks. These flows are associated with transitional flow from sub- to super-critical conditions, smooth curvilinear-streamline feature involving a continuous free surface profile, and a rapid variation of the bottom pressure profile. Herein, the transition from a horizontal to a steeply sloping rectangular channel reach is investigated to analyze the application range of the Boussinesq-type equation. Slope breaks with a rounded transition from the brink section to the tailwater channel are considered and compared with the potential flow solution based on the Laplace equation. The Boussinesq-type equation is further compared with test data for a steep downstream slope to investigate the strong curvilinear gravity effect. A singular point analysis is also compared with the Boussinesq approach. The generalized momentum equation for curvilinear flows is developed and compared with the results pertaining to the energy concept.


We measure the level of financial literacy in Turkey using the OECD/International Network on Financial Education (INFE) methodology and compare our results with the ones obtained in 14 other countries that has used the same methodology. In our sample, financial knowledge and financial behavior levels are lower than the average of the 14 countries, whereas financial attitude level is around the average. The overall financial literacy score, which is a combination of the three aforementioned aspects, is also lower than the average of the 14 countries. We find that financial behavior is positively related with financial knowledge, female respondents are lagging behind the male respondents in financial literacy, and this lag is bigger than those in the 14 countries. Very young respondents and old respondents are less financially literate, financial literacy score is positively related with income, education, and income stability.


The effects of flow alignment on the relaxation dynamics of a lamellar diblock copolymer melt and the dynamics of flow alignment itself are investigated using simultaneous measurements of shear stress and birefringence in both the flow plane and the sample plane. The primary advantage of this rheo-optical approach in the context of flow alignment is that it provides quantitative measurements of the evolution of
the macroscopic mechanical properties and the state of the microstructure in real time, in situ as alignment occurs. Further, it provides information on the molecular and microstructural dynamics that give rise to flow alignment. An entangled, nearly symmetric poly(ethylene-propylene)-poly(ethylethylene) of 50 kg/mol (PEP-PEE-2) is studied during flow alignment under two different conditions, one that enhances alignment of the lamellae parallel to the sample plane and another that induces alignment perpendicular to the sample plane (lamellar normal along the vorticity axis). The results suggest that the flow process leading to parallel alignment in PEP-PEE-2 is associated with inhomogeneous deformation such that the orientation of domains in the material undergoes irreversible "rocking", while the process that produces perpendicular alignment occurs under conditions in which the deformation is nearly homogeneous throughout the material.


The case of a 43-year-old female with propylthiouracil-induced hepatitis is reported. The case is unique because the patient's liver function deteriorated 2 weeks after medication was discontinued.


This article introduces the preoccupations and themes that define the study and practice of black aesthetics. It presents a provisional sketch of a field that has long been recognized in other humanities disciplines, but that is only now gaining wide notice in academic philosophy. This sketch emphasizes the aspects of the field that invite specifically philosophic scrutiny, while touching lightly on specific artworks, critical literatures and historical developments. Among the topics that receive attention are the following: race, aesthetic politics, creolization, nationalism, modernity, white supremacy and the blues.


Abstract Attitudes regarding sexuality and older people is a relatively under-researched area, despite its topical relevance as people live longer, remain healthy, and are better educated and well informed. The first part of the literature review examines the attitudes different age groups have about sexuality and old people. The second part describes the existing literature, which has investigated the attitudes of health professionals, in particular doctors and nurses. The last part discusses current knowledge regarding attitudes of staff from nursing and residential homes regarding sexuality and old age.


The results of post-mortem examination of 140 cadavers of persons who had died of craniocerebral injuries are appraised. It was established that in injury inflicted through a protective head-piece, the proportion of damage to the bones of the base of the skull, basally located structures of the large hemispheres and stem of the brain in the total number of injuries increases. The study is supplemented with mathematical calculations which explain the dependence observed.


The effect of a self-organized SiNx interlayer on the defect density of (112) semipolar GaN grown on m-plane sapphire is studied by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and high resolution x-ray diffraction. The SiNx interlayer reduces the c-type dislocation density from 2.5 × 1010 cm−2 to 5 × 108 cm−2. The SiNx interlayer produces regions that are free from basal plane stacking faults (BSFs) and dislocations. The overall BSF density is reduced from 2.1 × 105 cm−1 to 1.3 × 104 cm−1. The large dislocations and BSF reduction in semipolar (112) GaN with the SiNx interlayer result from two primary mechanisms. The first mechanism is the direct dislocation blocking by the SiNx interlayer, and the second mechanism is associated with the unique structure character of (112) semipolar GaN.


The deepening economic crisis triggered by the coronavirus pandemic has elicited extensive policy responses, but also raises daunting challenges for global governance. This policy-oriented article explores the new challenges for multilateralism, assesses efforts to coordinate these policy responses, and considers likely outcomes.


Cavity flow research has been ongoing experimentally since the 1940s, especially for weapon bay use in fighter aircraft. Technology advancement has led to the beginning of simulations of experimental studies. The success of these simulations has increased with the emergence of High‐Performance Clusters, and simulation studies have started to take the role of experimental studies. In this paper, an open rectangular, unsteady transonic cavity with a length to depth ratio of 5, Mach number 0.85 and Reynolds number of approximately 6.5 × 106 is simulated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) on a High‐Performance Cluster. Likewise, cavity door is used to model a real weapon bay. Detached‐Eddy Simulation is used to resolve turbulent properties in the flow domain. Results compatible with experimental data are obtained with OpenFOAM, an open‐source CFD code based on the finite volume method. Additionally, computational costs are given in the clock‐time analysis section, and the necessity of high‐performance clusters for CFD and Computational Aeroacoustics studies is emphasized.


Identification of an effect of HIV-associated immunosuppression on response to antimalarial therapy would help guide management of malaria infection in areas of high HIV prevalence. Therefore, we conducted an observational study of people living with HIV infection in Blantyre, Malawi. Participants who developed malaria were treated with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) and followed for 28 days. Molecular markers for SP resistance were measured. One hundred seventy-eight episodes of malaria were assessed. The 28-day cumulative treatment failure rate was 29.1%. In univariate analysis, CD4 cell count was not associated with treatment failure (hazard ratio 0.6, 95% confidence interval 0.3-1.2). Among children, the risk of treatment failure increased with infection with SP-resistant parasites and anemia. Decreased CD4 cell count was not associated with impaired response to antimalarial therapy or diminished ability to clear SP-resistant parasites, suggesting that acquired immunity to malaria is retained in the face of HIV-associated immunosuppression.