In the first paper we discussed the cooperative phenomena which are observed when hydrogen is absorbed in palladium by considering the change of energy of the protons with the volume of the metal, and explained the volume changes and unsymmetrical form of the absorption isotherm which are observed when hydrogen is absorbed in palladium. In the present paper we further consider the oscillation of the protons and apply the theory to the case of absorption of deuterium in palladium.


Content adaptive mesh generation is an important research area with many applications in image processing and computer vision. The main issue is to represent an image with the pixels that preserve most of the amount of its information. The obtained pixels are then used to generate a mesh that approximates the original image. This work presents a novel iterative method that simultaneously reduces the number of the pixels and generates the mesh approximation of an image. The main idea is to incorporate binary space partitions along with singular value decomposition to cluster the pixels into planes and thus the nodes of the mesh are nothing but the pixels that define each plane. Compared to previous techniques, the proposed method leads to a 30% reduction in the size of the approximating mesh. In addition, the method minimizes the artifacts obtained from the reconstruction of the original image from the approximating mesh.


Sarcasm analysis in user conversion text is automatic detection of any irony, insult, hurting, painful, caustic, humour, vulgarity that degrades an individual. It is helpful in the field of sentimental analysis and cyberbullying. As an immense growth of social media, sarcasm analysis helps to avoid insult, hurts and humour to affect someone. In this paper, we present traditional Machine learning approaches, Deep learning approach (RNN-LSTM) and BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) for identifying sarcasm. We have used the approaches to build the model, to identify and categorize how much conversion context or response is needed for sarcasm detection and evaluated on the two social media forums that is Twitter conversation dataset and Reddit conversion dataset. We compare the performance based on the approaches and obtained the best F1 scores as 0.722, 0.679 for the Twitter forums and Reddit forums respectively.


Low-intensity phase-selective laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (PS-LIBS) with secondary resonant excitation from the same single laser pulse is employed in the in situ study of flame synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles. Excitation from the third harmonic (i.e. 354.71 nm as measured) of an injection-seeded Nd:YAG laser breaks down flame-synthesized titanium-dioxide nanoparticles in situ into their elements and then subsequently resonantly excites the titanium electrons. With low-intensity laser excitation (∼30 mJ per pulse or 2.4 GW cm−2), only the nanoparticle phase is selectively broken down, forming nano-plasmas without any observable Bremsstrahlung radiation. The induced emission at 497.534 nm resulting from the secondary resonant Ti excitation is markedly stronger than other/primary emissions. Compared to 532 nm excitation (with no secondary resonant excitation), where atomic emission intensity saturates at a laser power of ∼20 mJ per pulse (1.6 GW cm−2 irradiance), the emissions from 354.71 nm excitation exhibit no saturation with laser irradiance because of the secondary resonant excitation, until gas-phase breakdown occurs at a laser power of 40 mJ per pulse (3.2 GW cm−2 irradiance). Temporal evolutions of the emissions are also studied, revealing that the 497.534 nm emission maximizes earlier, but is shorter lived. Interestingly, transient line splitting with dependence on excitation laser wavelength is observed and investigated. Additional experiments scanning the excitation laser wavelength around other resonant excitation lines show that the emission intensity can be enhanced by about 130 times at 282.347 nm excitation. Thus, using the secondary resonant excitation effect, detection thresholds could be remarkably improved for phase-selective measurements of nano-aerosols.


The aims of this research were to study using chlorophyll and carotenoid as bioindicator air quality. This research used completely randomized design 2 x 4 factorial with 5 replicates. The first factor was distance from source of exhaust automobile emissions, consists of 4 levels: 0,50, 100, and 200 m. The second factor was plant spesies, consist 2 level: Plantago major and Phaseolus vulgaris. Data collected were analyzed using Multiple Regression Analysis followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test in 5% confidence level. The result indicated that increasing distance from source exhaust automobile emission, increased growth and chlorophyll content. Chlorophyll content in Phaseolus is more sensitive as bioindicator for air pollution. © 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS Surakarta


This annual report contains detailed demographic data on household and family characteristics for March 1987 using data from the Annual Demographic Supplement to the Current Population Survey. There were 89.5 million households in March 1987 a net increase of 8.7 million households since 1980. The proportion of households maintained by a married couple with children under age 18 has declined by 13% since 1970. There were 3.19 persons per family in 1987 down .1 persons from the 1980 average. The number of householders under 25 years of age has fallen by 1.4 million since 1980. The average net increase in the number of 1-person households from 1980 to 1987 was 340000 less than the corresponding figure for the 1970s.


The Hannah Research Institute, founded in 1928 to undertake research into milk production and milk utilisation, is situated close to the town of Ayr, Scotland. It is administered through the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland, Edinburgh, and the Agricultural Research Council advises on the programme of work. There are currently three main areas of research: (i) the efficient production and utilization of feed nutrients for milk production, (ii) the chemistry and physical chemistry of milk constituents, especially protein, in relation to the nutritive role and processing characteristics of milk, and (iii) the effect of environment on the physiology of cattle.


To follow the topo‐temporal behavior of structures containing tubulin and the change in tubulin content during oocyte maturation, starfish oocytes were extracted with a medium containing detergent so that morphological observation and biochemical analysis could be conducted on the same residual oocyte preparation simultaneously. Before 1‐methyladenine (1‐MeAde) stimulation, "pre‐meiotic asters" were observed on the germinal vesicle at the animal pole. 1‐MeAde caused the appearance of distinct asters at the position of the aster precursor. When germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) took place, chromosomes were condensed. Chromosome gathering was concurrent with a reduction in the size of nuclear matrix. The mitotic apparatus was first constructed parallel to the cortex and then changed its axis perpendicularly. Fluorescence of tubulin due to indirect immunofluorescence in the cytoplasm other than the mitotic apparatus decreased rapidly along the course of maturation at least up to the first metaphase. Despite these dynamic morphological change, the tubulin content in the whole oocyte and the residual structures, measured by SDS‐PAGE and immunostaining, did not show remarkable (statistically significant) changes through the course of maturation, although the content tended to decrease a little before the second polar body formation and to increase thereafter in the latter.


SUMMARY Eimeria dispersa was isolated from young, intensively housed turkeys in Britain. The parasite has morphological features in common with those of the original description. At least two generations of schizonts occur before gametogony and one or two more schizont generations are concurrent with gametogony. Four generations of schizonts are needed to account for the observed reproduction index of 2·08 × 106/oocyst inoculated. The first oocysts were discharged by 105 h and these sporulated. within 30 h at 30 °C. A single dose of between 1 × 102 and 1 × 106 oocysts depressed body weight gain of 3-week-old poults and 2 poults died 6 and 12 days after receiving 1 × 104 or 1 × 106 oocysts. A single dose of oocysts protected against a challenge inoculation given 14 days later. Poultsimmunized against E. dispersa were resistant to challenge with a strain of E. dispera obtained from the United States. Electrophoretic examination of 2 enzymes from both strains of E. dispersa showed that they had similar mobilities. Attempts to infect chickens, guinea-fowl and Japanese quail with E. dispersa were unsuccessful. The strain of E. dispersa isolated here is best referred to as E. dispersa (Briston).


The photovoltaics of organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite materials have shown rapid improvements in solar cell performance, surpassing the top efficiency of semiconductor compounds such as CdTe and CIGS (copper indium gallium selenide) used in solar cells in just about a decade. Perovskite preparation via simple and inexpensive solution processes demonstrates the immense potential of this thin-film solar cell technology to become a low-cost alternative to the presently commercially available photovoltaic technologies. Significant developments in almost all aspects of perovskite solar cells and discoveries of some fascinating properties of such hybrid perovskites have been made recently. This Review describes the fundamentals, recent research progress, present status, and our views on future prospects of perovskite-based photovoltaics, with discussions focused on strategies to improve both intrinsic and extrinsic (environmental) stabilities of high-efficiency devices. Strategies and challenges regarding compositional engineering of the hybrid perovskite structure are discussed, including potentials for developing all-inorganic and lead-free perovskite materials. Looking at the latest cutting-edge research, the prospects for perovskite-based photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices, including non-photovoltaic applications such as X-ray detectors and image sensing devices in industrialization, are described. In addition to the aforementioned major topics, we also review, as a background, our encounter with perovskite materials for the first solar cell application, which should inspire young researchers in chemistry and physics to identify and work on challenging interdisciplinary research problems through exchanges between academia and industry.


There is much interest in the Hierarchical Dirichlet Process Hidden Markov Model (HDP-HMM) as a natural Bayesian nonparametric extension of the traditional HMM. However, in many settings the HDP-HMM's strict Markovian constraints are undesirable, particularly if we wish to learn or encode non-geometric state durations. We can extend the HDP-HMM to capture such structure by drawing upon explicit-duration semi-Markovianity, which has been developed in the parametric setting to allow construction of highly interpretable models that admit natural prior information on state durations.

In this paper we introduce the explicit-duration HDP-HSMM and develop posterior sampling algorithms for efficient inference in both the direct-assignment and weak-limit approximation settings. We demonstrate the utility of the model and our inference methods on synthetic data as well as experiments on a speaker diarization problem and an example of learning the patterns in Morse code.


ABSTRACT  Although Wallace's revitalization movement model has been successfully utilized in scores of ethnographic and ethnohistorical studies of societies throughout the world, revitalization is considerably less well documented in archaeological contexts. An examination of the materiality of revitalization movements affords an opportunity to redress this lack by investigating how material culture creates and constrains revitalization phenomena. In this article, I reconsider the revitalization model through a case study focusing on the archaeology of the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, emphasizing the central role of materiality in the formation and mediation of these movements. In doing so, I examine the archaeological signatures of revitalization movements, concluding that they are highly negotiated and heterogeneous phenomena and that the materiality of these episodes cultivates cultural innovation. I also seek to demonstrate that the distinctive types of material culture produced through revitalization are not epiphenomenal but, rather, are crucially constitutive of revitalizing processes.


Abstract Disinfection is a critical step in the treatment of a root canal before sealing it with post. This study was to evaluate the effects of various root canal disinfection methods on the bond strength of a glassfibre post to root canal dentine. Forty-eight premolars were studied. The root canals were divided into six groups. Glassfibre posts were cemented with a dual cure composite resin cement following disinfection by using Waterlase laser, Key laser, bioactive glass granules, Tubulicid Plus, NaCl solution (control) and NaOCl solution. Specimens were stored for 8 months. The root part of the tooth was cut and prepared into an hourglass shaped specimen for microtensile bond test. Statistical analysis was performed. Failure types were evaluated and SEM images were taken. The bond strength of fibre posts was significantly affected by the type of disinfection. The highest microtensile bond strength was observed in specimens disinfected by using bioactive glass granules, whereas the lowest bond strength values were recorded with NaOCl irrigation. The bond strength of glassfibre post to root canal dentine was affected by disinfection procedure.


In this paper, we propose a set of speech actions to account for how conversants collaborate in building a domain plan. The actions that we propose are indexical on the current plan, which is part of the mental states of the conversants. The current plan not only includes the actions that have been proposed to solve the problem, but also beliefs about the plans validity and how each action contributes to the overall goal of the plan. The intended effects of the actions are that the current plan is updated.


Hand gesture recognition has been granted as one of the emerging fields in research today providing a natural way of communication between man and a machine. Gestures are some forms of body motions which a person expresses when doing a work or giving a reply. Human body tracking is a well studied topic in todays era of Human Computer Interaction and it can be formed by the virtue of human skeleton structures. These skeleton structures have been detected successfully due to the smart progress of some devices, used to measure depth. Human body movements have been viewed using these depth sensors which can provide sufficient accuracy while tracking full body in real time mode with low cost. In reality action and reaction activities are hardly periodic in a multi person perspective situation. Also recognizing their complex a-periodic gestures are highly challenging for detection in surveillance system.


The spatial distribution of ozone density is measured in pulsed corona discharges with a 40 µm spatial resolution using a two-dimensional laser absorption method. Discharge occurs in a 13 mm point-to-plane gap in dry air with a pulse duration of 100 ns. The result shows that the ozone density increases for about 100 µs after the discharge pulse. The rate coefficient of the ozone-producing reaction, O + O2 + M → O3 + M, is estimated to be 3.5 × 10−34 cm6 s−1. It is observed that ozone is mostly distributed in the secondary-streamer channel. This suggests that most of the ozone is produced by the secondary streamer, not the primary streamer. After the discharge pulse, ozone diffuses into the background from the secondary-streamer channel. The diffusion coefficient of ozone is estimated to be approximately 0.1 to 0.2 cm2 s−1.


Supercritical fluids in rock-H2O systems have been proposed to be important agents of mass transfer in high-pressure environments such as subduction zones. For the first study, experiments were conducted on the model system NaAlSi3O8 (Ab)-H2O to investigate phase relations at pressure (P) and temperature (T) in the vicinity of critical mixing between aqueous fluid and silicate melt. Isobaric equilibrium phase relations were determined at 1.0-1.7 GPa, 600-1060 °C, and H2O mole fractions (x_(H2O)) of 0.035-0.99. A subregular solution model was used to describe the solvus curves. P- and T-dependent Margules coefficients, W_Ab and W_(H2O), and activities of H2O and Ab were formulated using compositions at the solidus and critical point at each pressure as input. The results provide a comprehensive account of the solution properties of subcritical and supercritical fluids in the Ab-H2O system at temperatures and pressures corresponding to the deep-crust regions of granite magma generation. This work may have considerable bearing on element transport, extractability of partial melt, and ultimate level of melt emplacement in the middle and upper crust.The second study is an experimental determination at deep-crustal conditions of liquidus-H2O contents of more complex granitic systems containing albite, potassium feldspar and quartz. The liquidus water content of a granitic melt at high-P and T is important because it constrains the volume of granite that could be produced by dehydration melting of the deep crust and it strongly influences physical properties that control the ability of granitic liquids to accumulate and ascend. The high liquidus-H2O contents determined in this study present a challenge for producing voluminous amounts of metaluminous granites from lower crustal biotite-amphibole gneisses by dehydration melting. Additionally, rapid undercooling of granitic melts may lead to granophyric textures described in volcanic and impactitie surge deposits and the formation of a solid solution of coesite and feldspar.


We report the first harmonic vibrational spectra for each of the lowest lying isomers within the four major families of minima of (H2O)20, namely, the dodecahedron, fused cubes, face-sharing pentagonal prisms, and edge-sharing pentagonal prisms. These were obtained at the second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation level of theory (MP2) with the augmented correlation consistent basis set of double zeta quality (aug-cc-pVDZ) at the corresponding minimum energy geometries. The computed infrared (IR) spectra are the first ones obtained from first principles for these clusters. They were found to contain spectral features, which can be directly mapped onto the distinctive spectroscopic signatures of their constituent tetramer, pentamer, and octamer fragments. The dodecahedron spectra show the richest structure in the OH stretching region and are associated with the most redshifted OH vibrations with respect to the monomer. The lowest lying edge-sharing pentagonal prism isomer displays intense IR active vibrations that are redshifted by approximately 600 cm(-1) with respect to the water monomer. Furthermore the most redshifted, IR-active OH stretching vibrations for all four networks correspond to hydrogen bonded OH groups, which exhibit the following two common characteristics: (i) they belong to fragments which have a "free" OH stretch and (ii) they act as donors to a neighboring water molecule along a "dimerlike" (strong) hydrogen bond. The zero-point energy corrected MP2/CBS (complete basis set) limit binding energies D(0) for the four isomers are -163.1 kcal/mol (edge-sharing pentagonal prism), -160.1 kcal/mol (face-sharing pentagonal prism), -157.5 kcal/mol (fused cubes), and -148.1 kcal/mol (dodecahedron).


The eukaryotic plasma membrane has an asymmetric distribution of its component lipids. Rafts that result from liquid-liquid phase separation are a feature of its exoplasmic leaflet, but how these exoplasmic leaflet domains are coupled to the cytoplasmic leaflet is not understood. These rafts can be studied in model membranes of three-component mixtures that produce coexisting liquid ordered (Lo) and liquid disordered (Ld) domains. We conducted all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of compositionally asymmetric lipid bilayers that reflect a more realistic model of the plasma membrane. One leaflet contained phase-separated domains with phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol, representing the exoplasmic leaflet, whereas the other contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and cholesterol, which are the predominant components of the cytoplasmic leaflet. Inspired by findings of domain alignment across the two leaflets in compositionally symmetric model membranes, we examined the coupling between the two leaflets to see how the single-phase cytoplasmic leaflet would respond to phase separation in the other leaflet and if information could be communicated across the membrane. We found the region of the single-phase leaflet apposing the Lo domain to be slightly more ordered and thicker than the region apposing the Ld domain. The region across from the Lo domain is somewhat enriched in cholesterol and significantly depleted of polyunsaturated lipids.


An investigation of the interaction between Coriolis forces and mistuning on a cyclic symmetric structure is presented in this paper. The sensitivity of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors to mistuning is first studied with the perturbation method. A lumped parameter model is used to perform a modal analysis using a numerical approach after which geometrical nonlinearity is added to compare behavior with the linear case. Two different modes are thoroughly investigated for different rotational speeds, the first with an eigenvalue isolated from the others and the second presenting a frequency veering zone. The evolution from a standing wave domination at low speeds to a traveling wave domination at high speeds is observed for the isolated mode, whereas a standing wave domination remains around the veering zone for the second mode studied. It is also shown that the geometrical nonlinearity reinforces the mistuning effect versus the Coriolis forces.


ABSTRACT 1. In order to meet market demand for poultry, producers strive to ensure processing plants are more efficient. One of the ways of achieving better productivity is to remove meat from the carcase straight after slaughter. To diminish the negative consequences of this procedure, various processing techniques can be used, with brining being one of the most popular of these techniques. 2. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and sensory properties of chicken breast meat subjected to the procedure of early deboning and brine injection prior to chilling, as well as to verify the influence of brine on characteristics of the meat. 3. To evaluate meat characteristics and verify the influence of brine injection on its quality, pH and water-holding capacity (WHC) were determined. Desirability of odour, taste, juiciness and tenderness to the consumer was evaluated. The intensity of odour and taste was assessed by a team of selected assessors in order to verify their influence on the consumer desirability of these features. 4. The results showed that pH was lower, whereas WHC was more favourable in the case of brined meat. Moreover, sensory evaluations indicated that the desirability of taste and juiciness was significantly higher in the brined samples. 5. Early deboning and brine injection prior to chilling of chicken breast meat had a positive influence on the sensory variables of the ready-to-eat product, thus contributing to its higher consumer acceptability.


This paper covers the challenges in implementing power electronics and drive systems in emerging vehicle applications. Application of power electronics becomes important for greater energy density, decreased fuel consumption, performance and productivity enhancements, and desired protection, diagnostic, and safety features. A sustained effort is needed on power electronics and electric drive system design to achieve the desired level of performance. There can be numerous machines/drives of various types and power levels in a system. In numerous applications, driving torque varies considerably over a given work cycle including occurrence of the stall condition. Therefore, the drive system should have a reliable ride-through capability. To achieve desired torque/speed profile and dynamic response, a systematic design, development, and deployment of the power electronics-based electric drive system is needed. Application conditions make it difficult to match/exceed mechanical system reliability and costs. Therefore, this paper covers the unique challenges of developing and implementing power electronics and drives in harsh vehicle applications.


WalRK (YycFG) two‐component systems (TCSs) of low‐GC Gram‐positive bacteria play critical roles in regulating peptidogylcan hydrolase genes involved in cell division and wall stress responses. The WalRK (VicRK) TCSs of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) and other Streptococcus species show numerous differences with those of other low‐GC species. Notably, the pneumococcal WalK sensor kinase is not essential for normal growth in culture, unlike its homologues in Bacillus and Staphylococcus species. The WalK sensor kinase possesses histidine autokinase activity and mediates dephosphorylation of phosphorylated WalR∼P response regulator. To understand the contributions of these two WalK activities to pneumococcal growth, we constructed and characterized a set of walK kinase and phosphatase mutants in biochemical reactions and in cells. We identified an amino acid substitution in WalK that significantly reduces phosphatase activity, but not other activities. Comparisons were made between WalRK regulon expression levels and WalR∼P amounts in cells determined by Phos‐tag SDS‐PAGE. Reduction of WalK phosphatase activity resulted in nearly 90% phosphorylation to WalR∼P, consistent with the conclusion that WalK phosphatase is strongly active in exponentially growing cells. WalK phosphatase activity was also shown to depend on the WalK PAS domain and to limit cross‐talk and the recovery of WalR∼P from walK+ cells.


Clement of Alexandria is one of the most iconic intellectuals of primitive Christianity. His attitude towards Classical Greek culture had a decisive role in its acceptance as an appropriate instrument for the interpretation of biblical revelation. In the context of the present article, we follow the Clementine account of the Orphic texts, an interpretation distinguished by its manner of tackling the issue. This meant not only that he ignored the context in which the "Orphic tradition" developed, but also that he set aside the immanent quality of Greek culture. Clement's approach would have a deep impact on the way in which Late Antiquity Christianity would understand divine nature and the limits of the act of faith.


A scored lithological map including nine litho-factor units is established through applying the statistical factor analysis technique (SFAT) to aerial spectrometric data of Area-2 (Al-Rassafeh Area), which includes T.C, eU, eTh, K, eU/eTh, eU/K, and eTh/K. A model of four rotated factors F1, F2, F3, and F4 is adapted for representing 61712 data measured points in Area-2, where 90.3% of total data variance is interpreted. The isolated lithological units related to F1, F2, and F3 are characterized by an eU average of 2.15, 0.99, and 1.57 ppm respectively. Two geological scored pseudo-sections derived from the lithological scored map are established and analyzed in order to show the mutual environmental geological relationships between different lithological isolated units. This scored map will be the base for further geological investigations in Area-2. SFAT has proven its efficacy in the research study Area-2, and allowed the different isolated sectors to be characterized and interpreted geologically and radioactively.


The authors present results of a retrospective study on 99 patients who underwent a partial supracricoid laryngectomy. Indications included carcinomas developed on the laryngeal vestibule, in the ventricle or at the glottic level. This represents an alternative to total laryngectomy. Surgical techniques and functional results are discussed. Ninety-eight percent of patients could be decanulated and a regular diet was possible in 94%. The survival rates are 76% after three years and 68% after five years. Local recurrences occurred in 3% of cases and cervical metastases were not controlled in 13%. The authors comment on indications for surgery according to the site of involvement. Contra-indications are massive invasion of the pre-epiglottic space, extension away from the superior aspect of the cricoid and arytenoid fixation.


Background: The main reason why lung cancer has maintained a high rate of morbidity and mortality is that its early diagnosis is difficult. No current lung cancer screening is recommended by any major medical organization due to the lack of sensitive and specific screening technologies. Thus, this study aimed to systematically investigate the correlation between the alterations in serum glycosylation and three main types of lung cancers (SCLC, ADC and SqCC). Materials and methods: We investigated the protein glycopatterns in sera from 333 subjects (65 healthy volunteers, 38 benign lung disease patients, 49 small cell lung cancer patients, and 181 NSCLC patients) using a lectin microarray. A serum microarray was produced to evaluate and verify the terminal carbohydrate moieties of the glycoproteins in individual serum samples from 30 cases simultaneously. Results: There were 16 lectins (e.g., RCA120, BS-I, and UEA-I), 24 lectins (e.g., HHL, PTL-I, and MAL-II), and 18 lectins (e.g., GSL-I, LEL, and ACA) that exhibited significant differences in serum protein glycopatterns in the patients with SCLC, ADC and SqCC compared with the controls (HV and BPD). There were 6 lectins (e.g., EEL, NPA, and LEL) that exhibited significantly increased NFIs in ADC and SqCC compared with SCLC. Also, there were 5 lectins (e.g., Jacalin, BS-I, and UEA-I) that exhibited significantly decreased NFIs in ADC compared with SCLC and SqCC. Conclusions: This study can facilitate the discovery of potential biomarkers for the differential diagnosis of lung cancer based on the precise alteration in serum protein glycopatterns.


This study examined and analyzed the influence of attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and a moral obligation on the intentions of academic cheating. The sample in this research was the students of the Faculty of Economics and Business in Solo Raya as many as 243 students, taken with convenience sampling technique. Analysis of data were using multiple regression. The results show that subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and moral obligations has influence on intentions of academic cheating, while the attitudes has no influence on intentions of academic cheating. Keywords : academic cheating, theory of planned behavior (TPB), moral obligation


Euphorbia heterophylla Linn (Euphorbiaceae) is a medicinal plant used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of constipation, bronchitis and asthma. The purpose of the present study was to determine the antioxidant, anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities of the methanol extract of the plant. The methanol extract and its fractions (petroleum ether and ethylacetate fractions) were subjected to in vitro antioxidant screening by DPPH free radical scavenging method. The anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of the methanol extract on human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) were also investigated by flow cytometry. The percentage radical scavenging activity was highest in the methanol extract followed by ethyl acetate fraction and least in the non-polar petroleum ether fraction. The IC-50 value for radical scavenging activity of the crude extract was 4.83 ± 1.66 μg/mL, and this was not statistically different from that of the standard ascorbic acid (IC-50 = 3.55 ± 2.91 μg/mL). The extract, at 50 μg/mL did not show anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities on MCF-7 cell line when compared with the control (0.1% DMSO). E. heterophylla (whole plant) extract therefore has radical scavenging activity that is comparable to that of ascorbic acid and further work is in progress to reveal the active constituent(s) which could be developed for use possibly as a natural antioxidant agent. There was no significant antitumorigenic activity of E. heterophylla extract at the tested dose. Keywords: Euphorbia heterophylla, extract, antioxidant, antitumor Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences , Vol. 9 No. 3 (2012)


Adiposis is reputed as a twin disease of type 2 diabetes and greatly harmful to human health. In order to understand the molecular mechanisms of adiposis, the changes of physiological, pathological, epigenetic and correlative gene expression were investigated during the adiposis development of C57BL/6J mice induced by long time (9 months) high-fat and high-sucrose diet (HFSD) sustainably. The results showed that mRNA transcription level of the Leptin, Glut4 and Glut2 genes have been obviously changed, which exhibit a negative correlation with methylation on their promoter DNA. The results also revealed that HFSD induced higher level of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in fat tissue might play important role in regulating the changes of methylation pattern on Glut4 and Leptin genes, and which might be one of the molecular mechanisms for the adiposis development.


Controlled encapsulation of atomically precise nanoclusters (APNCs) into metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has been an efficient way to create new types of multifunctional crystalline porous materials. Such hybrids (APNCs@MOFs) provide ideal candidates for studying inherent structure–catalysis relationships owing to the well-defined compositions of both components. Moreover, modeling of APNCs@MOFs with precise structures would be more reliable. Herein, we have established an "Electrostatic Attraction Strategy" to synthesize APNCs@MOF catalysts and studied their performance as catalysts for the conversion of CO2. The synthetic strategy presented here has been proved to be general, as evidenced by the syntheses of various APNCs@MOF catalysts including all the combinations of [Au12Ag32(SR)30]4−, [Ag44(SR)30]4−, and [Ag12Cu28(SR)30]4− nanoclusters with ZIF-8, ZIF-67, and MHCF frameworks. In particular, the as-obtained Au12Ag32(SR)30@ZIF-8 composite shows excellent performance in capturing CO2 and converting phenylacetylene into phenylpropiolate under mild conditions (50 °C and ambient CO2 pressure) with a TON as high as 18 164, far exceeding those of most known catalysts. What's more, the catalyst is very stable and reused 5 times without loss of catalytic activity. We anticipate that this general synthetic approach may open up a new frontier in the development of promising APNCs@MOF catalysts, which can be applied in a broad range of heterogeneous catalyses in the future.


Semitic influence, verbal aspect and discourse analysis), and literary criticism of the Gospel. Whereas he is generally supportive of recent innovations in the former, he is far more sceptical of the contribution of the latter, faulting it for applying an inappropriate model from modem treatment of the novel. Carson contends that this commentary is designed for preachers-he even includes comments for preachers in the introduction-but it will only be a brave preacher with much time in the study who will be able to utilize this volume to its fullest extent. I think that it will make a better


The influence of deuterated diamond like carbon films technology and properties on quantum efficiency of prepared photocathode has been investigated. Deuterated diamond like carbon films were deposited on silicon substrate and stainless steel mesh by PECVD from gas mixture CH4 and D2 and reactive magnetron sputtering using carbon target and gas mixture Ar and D2. The concentration of elements in films was determined by RBS and ERD. Chemical compositions were analyzed by FT-IR. Raman spectroscopy at visible excitation wavelength was used for I(D)/I(G) ratio determination. The quantum efficiency was calculated from the measured laser energy and the measured cathode charge.


Objective
To explore the expression of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in the rat model of orchialgia and its possible mechanisms.

METHODS
According to Yoshioka's method, the male rats in the control group were injected with 0.2 ml saline, and those in the experimental group with 0.2 ml 2% acetic acid solution. Then we tested the behavioral responses of the rats and determined the expressions of the subunits NR1 and NR2B of the NMDA receptor in the dorsal root ganglion and spinal dorsal horn by Western blot, RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence staining.

RESULTS
The withdrawal latency was decreased in the model rats, reaching the lowest value at 4 hours after modeling, significantly lower than in the controls ([4.15 ± 0.84] vs [12.32 ± 1.05], P < 0.05). Compared with the controls, the model rats showed remarkably increased mRNA and protein expressions of NR2B in the dorsal root ganglion (P < 0.05) but not in the spinal dorsal horn at 4 hours. However, no statistically significant difference was found in the expression of NR1 either in the dorsal root ganglion or in the spinal dorsal horn between the two groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
The NMDA receptor plays an important role in pathogenesis of orchialgia in rats. In the early stage of pain, upregulating the expression of the subunit NR2B of the NMDA receptor can mediate peripheral hyperalgesia and consequently orchialgia.


Ransomware remains an alarming threat in the 21 st century. It has evolved from being a simple scare tactic into a complex malware capable of evasion. Formerly, end-users were targeted via mass infection campaigns. Nevertheless, in recent years, the attackers have focused on targeted attacks since the latter are profitable and can induce severe damage. A vast number of detection mechanisms have been proposed in the literature. We provide a systematic review of ransomware countermeasures starting from its deployment on the victim machine until the ransom payment via cryptocurrency. We define four stages of this malware attack: Delivery, Deployment, Destruction, and Dealing. Then, we assign the corresponding countermeasures for each phase of the attack and cluster them by the techniques used. Finally, we propose a roadmap for researchers to fill the gaps found in the literature in ransomware's battle. CCS


We propose a new framework, called Poisson learning, for graph based semi-supervised learning at very low label rates. Poisson learning is motivated by the need to address the degeneracy of Laplacian semi-supervised learning in this regime. The method replaces the assignment of label values at training points with the placement of sources and sinks, and solves the resulting Poisson equation on the graph. The outcomes are provably more stable and informative than those of Laplacian learning. Poisson learning is efficient and simple to implement, and we present numerical experiments showing the method is superior to other recent approaches to semi-supervised learning at low label rates on MNIST, FashionMNIST, and Cifar-10. We also propose a graph-cut enhancement of Poisson learning, called Poisson MBO, that gives higher accuracy and can incorporate prior knowledge of relative class sizes.


Abstract The current study presents acoustic analyses of non-high back vowels and low central vowels in the lexical sets LOT, THOUGHT, STRUT, PALM and BATH as pronounced by German learners of English. The main objective is to show that learners of English at university level are highly inconsistent in approximating the vowels of their self-chosen target accents British English (BrE) and American English (AmE). To that end, the acoustic qualities of the English vowels of learners are compared to their native German vowels and to the vowels of native speakers of BrE and AmE. In order to facilitate statements about the effect of increased experience, the study differentiates between students in their first year at university and in their third year or later. The results obtained are highly variable: In some cases the learners transfer their L1 vowels to English, other cases show clear approximations to the target vowels, while other cases again document the production of new vowels neither found in German nor in English. However, close approximation to the target vowels only sometimes correlates with higher proficiency. This might be an indicator of a low level of awareness of systematic differences between the BrE and AmE vowel systems. But the data also indicate that the more advanced learners produce more distinct AmE BATH vowels and BrE THOUGHT vowels than the less advanced learners, which points to a partial increase of awareness resulting from increased experience. All in all it seems that raising the awareness of differences between target accents in L2 instruction is necessary if the envisage goal is for learners to reach near-native pronunciation.


This article proposes a unified framework, the balancing weights, for estimating causal effects with multi-valued treatments using propensity score weighting. These weights incorporate the generalized propensity score to balance the weighted covariate distribution of each treatment group, all weighted toward a common pre-specified target population. The class of balancing weights include several existing approaches such as inverse probability weights and trimming weights as special cases. Within this framework, we propose a class of target estimands based on linear contrasts and their corresponding nonparametric weighting estimators. We further propose the generalized overlap weights, constructed as the product of the inverse probability weights and the harmonic mean of the generalized propensity scores, to focus on the target population with the most overlap in covariates. These weights are bounded and thus bypass the problem of extreme propensities. We show that the generalized overlap weights minimize the total asymptotic variance of the nonparametric estimators for the pairwise contrasts within the class of balancing weights. We also develop two new balance check criteria and a sandwich variance estimator for estimating the causal effects with generalized overlap weights. We illustrate these methods by simulations and apply them to study the racial disparities in medical expenditure.


An RF MEMS variable capacitor, fabricated in the PolyMUMPS process and tuned electrostatically, possessing a linear capacitance-voltage response is reported. The measured quality factor of the device was 17 at 1 GHz, while the tuning range was 1.2:1 and was achieved at an actuation DC voltage of 8 V only. Further, the linear regression coefficient was 0.98. The variable capacitor was created such that it has both vertical and horizontal capacitances present. As the top suspended plate moves towards the bottom fixed plate, the vertical capacitance increases whereas the horizontal capacitance decreases simultaneously such that the sum of the two capacitances yields a linear capacitance-voltage relation.


Background and purpose Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a common but overlooked valvular disease, and its association with the etiologic subtypes of ischemic stroke is unclear. We explored the relationship between TR and atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods This retrospective analysis of ongoing stroke registry assessed 6,886 consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients who underwent transthoracic echocardiography during their in-hospital care. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, stroke characteristics, and echocardiographic indices were used to investigate the association between TR and total AF, and newly diagnosed AF during hospitalization and a 1-year follow-up period, respectively. Results TR was present in 877 (12.7%) patients (mild, 9.9%; moderate, 2.4%; severe, 0.5%). AF was identified in 24.1% (medical history, 11.1%; first detected in the emergency room, 6.6%; newly diagnosed after admission, 6.4%). TR was associated with AF [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.87 (95% confidence interval (CI), 2.63–9.03)], compared with no/trivial TR. The association between TR and AF was consistent regardless of severity (aOR [95% CI], 4.57 [2.63–7.94] for mild and 7.05 [2.57–19.31] for moderate-to-severe TR) or subtype of TR (5.44 [2.91–10.14] for isolated and 3.81 [2.00–7.28] for non-isolated TR). Among the AF-naïve patients at admission, TR was associated with newly diagnosed AF during hospitalization and a 1-year follow-up period (aOR [95% CI], 2.68 [1.81–3.97]). Conclusions TR is associated with AF in acute ischemic stroke patients regardless of severity and subtypes of TR. TR is also associated with newly diagnosed AF after stroke.


Recent studies have shown that the optical properties of building exterior surfaces are important in terms of energy use and thermal comfort. While the majority of the studies are related to exterior surfaces, the radiation properties of interior surfaces are less thoroughly investigated. Development in the coil-coating industries has now made it possible to allocate different optical properties for both exterior and interior surfaces of steel-clad buildings. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the influence of surface radiation properties with the focus on the thermal emittance of the interior surfaces, the modeling approaches and their consequences in the context of the building energy performance and indoor thermal environment.The study consists of both numerical and experimental investigations. The experimental investigations include parallel field measurements on three similar test cabins with different interior and exterior surface radiation properties in Borlange, Sweden, and two ice rink arenas with normal and low emissive ceiling in Lulea, Sweden. The numerical methods include comparative simulations by the use of dynamic heat flux models, Building Energy Simulation (BES), Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and a coupled model for BES and CFD. Several parametric studies and thermal performance analyses were carried out in combination with the different numerical methods.The parallel field measurements on the test cabins include the air, surface and radiation temperatures and energy use during passive and active (heating and cooling) measurements. Both measurement and comparative simulation results indicate an improvement in the indoor thermal environment when the interior surfaces have low emittance. In the ice rink arenas, surface and radiation temperature measurements indicate a considerable reduction in the ceiling-to-ice radiation by the use of low emittance surfaces, in agreement with a ceiling-toice radiation model using schematic dynamic heat flux calculations.The measurements in the test cabins indicate that the use of low emittance surfaces can increase the vertical indoor air temperature gradients depending on the time of day and outdoor conditions. This is in agreement with the transient CFD simulations having the boundary condition assigned on the exterior surfaces. The sensitivity analyses have been performed under different outdoor conditions and surface thermal radiation properties. The spatially resolved simulations indicate an increase in the air and surface temperature gradients by the use of low emittance coatings. This can allow for lower air temperature at the occupied zone during the summer.The combined effect of interior and exterior reflective coatings in terms of energy use has been investigated by the use of building energy simulation for different climates and internal heat loads. The results indicate possible energy savings by the smart choice of optical properties on interior and exterior surfaces of the building.Overall, it is concluded that the interior reflective coatings can contribute to building energy savings and improvement of the indoor thermal environment. This can be numerically investigated by the choice of appropriate models with respect to the level of detail and computational load. This thesis includes comparative simulations at different levels of detail.


With time-series spectroscopic observations taken with the Near Infrared Spectrometer (NIRSPEC) at Keck II, we investigated the atmosphere of the close orbiting transiting extrasolar giant planet, HD 189733b. In particular, we intended to measure the dense absorption line forest around 2.3 micron, which is produced by carbon monoxide (CO). CO is expected to be present in the planetary atmosphere, although no detection of this molecule has been claimed yet. To identify the best suited data analysis method, we created artificial spectra of planetary atmospheres and analyzed them by three approaches found in the literature, the deconvolution method, data modeling via chi^2-minimization, and cross-correlation. As a result, we found that cross-correlation and chi^2-data modeling show systematically a higher sensitivity than the deconvolution method. We analyzed the NIRSPEC data with cross-correlation and detect CO absorption in the day-side spectrum of HD 189733b at the known planetary radial velocity semi-amplitude with 3.4 sigma confidence.


Did the Israelites and Judahites of the Iron age visually represent their gods? In this article, established arguments are supplemented and some new ones advanced in support of a single, ancient composer's representation of the deities Yahweh and Asherah by means of the deliberate association of text and image on the two pithoi scenes from Iron age Kuntillet 'Ajrud. Not only were the ancient artist and scribe one and the same, but this individual employed a number of well known artistic techniques to convey both depth of field and perspective in such a way as to create a unified field of meaning for each of the two ritual scenes as well as for both scenes in their complementary function as two halves of a larger semiotic whole.


The influence of the built environment on people's behavior and performance is a traditional study topic in urban design. In this article, Amir Hajrasouliha discusses the role of the campus physical environment in student perceptions and in their performance and graduation rates through an investigation of 23 CSU campuses and a survey of 446 students. The author demonstrates that both objective and perceived measures are significantly associated with student academic performance.


Trade in higher education in its many diverse forms transcends and challenges the national regulatory frameworks in higher education, including national quality assurance and accreditation systems. New kinds of international quality assurance and accreditation are seen as the crucial elements of regulation in a more and more trade oriented international higher education market. In this paper four models of development of international quality assurance are analysed: 1) Strengthening the capacities of national quality assurance and accreditation systems; 2) Promoting cross-border quality assurance and the mutual recognition of quality assurance and accreditation; 3) Developing meta-accreditation of quality assurance and accreditation agencies on an international and global level; and 4) Establishing international quality assurance and accreditation schemes. Current developments and strategies in international quality assurance are situated within these four models and discussed with reference to the trade in education issue.


AIM
Epigenetic regulation plays an important role in cellular development and differentiation. A detailed map of the DNA methylation dynamics that occur during cell differentiation would contribute to decipher the molecular networks governing cell fate commitment.

METHODS
Illumina MethylationEPIC BeadChip platform was used to describe the genome-wide DNA methylation changes observed throughout hematopoietic maturation by analyzing multiple myeloid and lymphoid hematopoietic cell types.

RESULTS
We identified a plethora of DNA methylation changes that occur during human hematopoietic differentiation. We observed that T lymphocytes display substantial enhancement of de novo CpG hypermethylation as compared with other hematopoietic cell populations. T-cell-specific hypermethylated regions were strongly associated with open chromatin marks and enhancer elements, as well as binding sites of specific key transcription factors involved in hematopoietic differentiation, such as PU.1 and TAL1.

CONCLUSION
These results provide novel insights into the role of DNA methylation at enhancer elements in T-cell development.


Spectral photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a new technology that is able to provide 3D geometric structure associated with 1D wavelength-dependent absorption information of the interior of a target in a non-invasive manner. It has potentially broad applications in clinical and medical diagnosis. Unfortunately, the usability of spectral PAI is severely affected by a time-consuming data scanning process and complex noise. Therefore in this study, we propose a reliability-aware restoration framework to recover clean 4D data from incomplete and noisy observations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt for the 4D spectral PA data restoration problem that solves data completion and denoising simultaneously. We first present a sequence of analyses, including modeling of data reliability in the depth and spectral domains, developing an adaptive correlation graph, and analyzing local patch orientation. On the basis of these analyses, we explore global sparsity and local self-similarity for restoration. We demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed approach through experiments on real data captured from patients, where our approach outperformed the state-of-the-art methods in both objective evaluation and subjective assessment.


The normal zone propagation evolution of a short sample of Bi-2223/Ag/AgMg high-temperature superconducting tape has been investigated. We considered two different cooling modes; conduction–convection and only convection. For different currents, the minimum quench energy and the normal zone propagation velocity (NZPV) were measured and compared. The results show that the NZPV changes are more dominated by cooling system than the transport current.


Firms in many industries are seeking to incorporate ideas from outside parties to complement their own internal resources and capabilities. Suppliers, distributors, end users, scientists, firms in unrelated industries and even competitors can be important sources of information and ideas. Furthermore, with the computing capabilities available today, firms can scan online communities for sources of ideas and even harness the ideas generated by a select few key users with insights into emerging mainstream customer needs. All of this additional input helps firms compete profitably in an increasingly difficult environment. New trends include open innovation, crowdsourcing, user toolkits, mass customization and lead-user analysis. While there is emerging academic research on all of these topics, their usefulness in fashion marketing and merchandising remains relatively unexplored. This is potentially a great research opportunity, as fashion designers can obtain key ideas that boost competitiveness by working m...


The goal of this paper is to examine the functions of durational cues and pitch cues in Japanese long vowels and their role in the organization of prosody. There are two dimensions in the prosodic organization of speech. One is the quantitative or temporal organization, and the other is the qualitative organization, which involves the accentuation/stress system of the language. The categories of quantitative dimension of prosody at the prosodic-word level used to classify languages are morasyllable-, and stress-/foottimed. Isochronous distribution of these units in a language has been challenged for several decades; however, the temporal dimension of speech prosody can be measured in phonetic terms as duration. The categories of qualitative dimension of prosody at the prosodic-word level used to classify languages are pitchaccent, tone, and stress. They are captured as the movement of pitch, or the movement of fundamental frequency (F0) in phonetics. Temporal and accentual dimensions of prosody are bound together in a complex way; however, they can be analyzed as two distinct phonetic properties: duration and F0. In order to fully understand the prosodic organization of a language, we must investigate how these two phonetic signals interact with each other in natural speech. Two production experiments were conducted. One involved both duration and pitch. The other involved only duration. The results from these production experiments show that these two phonetic signals influence each other when native speakers of the Tokyo dialect of Japanese produce phonologically long vowels.


Since its first screening in 2004, the amateur documentary Invisible Children has sparked an online social movement and directed vast amounts of money and attention toward the plight of former child soldiers in war-torn, northern Uganda. Through a combination of campus screenings, house parties, and streaming webcasts, the film has become a rallying point for a massive, youth-oriented humanitarian effort. The film is the endeavor of three Californian twentysomethings who documented their haphazard and uninformed trip to "do something" about the humanitarian crisis in southern Sudan. Upon arriving to find that many Sudanese had become refugees in Uganda, they discovered large numbers of "night commuters," children who, in order not to be abducted and pressed into service by the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), walk several miles every night from their small villages to sleep on the floor of large buildings in the relative safety of a city. The documentarians interviewed these children who told of horrific experiences in which they were abducted from their families and made to murder civilians indiscriminately while under the control of guerrilla-warrior Joseph Kony's "resistance army." With estimates of 12,000 killed in the conflict since 1987 and over 25,000 children abducted, Kony and other members of the LRA have been charged with multiple war crimes and crimes against humanity. (1) Coupled with the nearly 1.2 million Ugandans displaced due to this conflict, Jan Egeland, former UN Under Secretary General for Humanitarian Affairs has called the situation "one of the worst humanitarian crises in the world." (2) This essay combines textual analysis of the Invisible Children documentary along with an examination of the ways in which the Invisible Children movement has utilized network technologies to spread awareness, raise money, and enlist individuals to join in this cause. Drawing upon previous studies of similar social movements, I will consider the Invisible Children project as a particularly unique example of "cyberactivism" in the way that it utilizes networked technologies (social networking sites in particular) and, by centering this movement on the documentary, represents a new type of cultural logic that Henry Jenkins' calls "convergence culture." Having positioned the Invisible Children project as such, I will also analyze the strategies of the film in relation to not only the formal devices used to engage the intended youth audience (through music, editing, and narrative) but also the positioning of the viewer and the filmmakers as the empowered (and networked) figures who can take very simple actions to join this activist movement and affect real change in the lives of these Ugandan children. By watching the film and taking advantage of the tactics of cyberactivism offered to them, viewers are no longer positioned to simply become more informed. They can instead become "monitorial citizens," which as I will point out, affords them a certain type of political efficacy. This essay points out the need for a multi-disciplinary approach to studying the film, and the larger cyberactivist movement of which it is a part, in order to better understand the practices of these cyberactivist spectators. Cyberactivism--A Networked Politics Activist movements and protests have often utilized communication technologies as part of their strategizing. From distributing flyers and leaflets to buying airtime on television or simply amplifying their anger through a megaphone, social movements have been able to harness communication technologies to further their message and recruit new individuals into their ranks. Since the popularization of the Internet, activists have been able to explore the potential of network technologies that give them a megaphone of proportions previously unimaginable. Cyberactivism has become an umbrella term used to identify the shift of this type of politics to an online environment. …


A dual-stopband rectangular waveguide slot array antenna is presented in this article. First, a rectangular filtering waveguide with dual stopbands is realized by periodically loading a row of T-type resonators and a row of $\Pi $ -type resonators on the bottom broad wall of the rectangular waveguide, and its dual-stopband characteristic is verified by analyzing the equivalent circuit and dispersion curve. Second, a dual-stopband rectangular waveguide slot array antenna is obtained by etching radiation slots on the top broad wall of the filtering waveguide. To verify the proposed concept, a dual-stopband rectangular waveguide four-slot array antenna is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulation ones. The results show that, compared with the conventional waveguide slot antenna, the proposed waveguide slot antenna has almost the same radiation performance in the −10-dB impedance bandwidth of 5.51–5.95 GHz and achieves additional suppressions of greater than 24.5 dB in 6.6–7.1 GHz and 34.6 dB in 8.4–9.3 GHz, respectively, without occupying extra space.


The main purpose of this study is to investigate the forgability of sintered powder compacts, including the void evolution and fracture prediction in the forming process. A new ductile fracture criterion for porous media is developed based on the maximum principal strain energy per unit of volume. It demonstrates that the strain energy density is governed by the maximum principal stress in material. Fracture will occur as the accumulation of strain energy density reaches the critical value at that point.
 Experiments and Finite element analysis were conducted to establish the models. The material properties of sintered porous preforms were obtained from both the uni-axial tension and compression tests. The finite element models were verified with experiments of upsetting under different frictional conditions. Studies show that the results by the new criterion are more compatible with the experimental data than other previous forms. In addition, voids lead to the degradation of the strength and workability of materials. Friction contributes to the non-uniformity of deformation and density variation that causes the workpiece to fracture.


Summary Volcanism in the northern half of the Kenya Rift Valley began at 30 Ma, and in the southern half it began at 15 Ma. In the southern rift tectonic development started with gentle downwarping followed by repeated flooding of the depression with lavas. A half-graben formed at 7 Ma by faulting on the W, succeeded by further eruptions in the rift floor. By 4 Ma a graben had formed with faulting of the flexed eastern margin of the depression. Succeeding periods of faulting and volcanism migrated inwards, creating step-fault platforms and a narrow inner graben, but in the Naivasha-Nakuru sector voluminous trachytic volcanism completely filled the rift depression at intervals between 6 and 2 Ma. The inner graben was cut by dense swarms of minor faults from 2 Ma; and in the last 0.5 Ma a series of trachytic caldera volcanoes was built axially in the inner graben. Large sedimentary basins are found in broad half-graben in the northern and southern splay-fault sectors, and are subdivided into local basins where volcanic damming has occurred. Minor basins formed on back-tilted step-fault platforms, and numerous smaller lakes existed in graben of the rift floor. In the central sector lake basins spread broadly over pyroclastic deposits between volcanic piles. Ramp and step-ramp structures locally divert drainage from the high rift flanks into rift basins. Hypersaline lakes with trona evaporites in the Natron-Magadi basin were caused by the arid climate, eruption of sodium carbonate-rich ash, and recirculation of alkaline groundwater by hot springs into closed structural basins.


In this article, we address the simultaneous estimation problem of the lateral speed, the steering input, and the effective engine torque, which play a fundamental role in vehicle handling, stability control, and fault diagnosis of autonomous ground vehicles. Due to the involved longitudinal-lateral coupling dynamics and the presence of unknown inputs (UIs), a new nonlinear observer design technique is proposed to guarantee the asymptotic estimation performance. To this end, we make use of a specific Takagi–Sugeno (TS) fuzzy representation with nonlinear consequents to exactly model the nonlinear vehicle dynamics within a compact set of the vehicle state. This TS fuzzy modeling not only allows reducing significantly the real-time computational effort in estimating the vehicle variables but also enables an effective way to deal with unmeasured nonlinearities. Moreover, via a generalized Luenberger observer structure, the UI decoupling can be achieved without requiring a priori UI information. Using Lyapunov stability arguments, the UI observer design is reformulated as an optimization problem under linear matrix inequalities, which can be effectively solved with standard numerical solvers. The effectiveness of the proposed TS fuzzy UI observer design is demonstrated with real-time hardware-in-the-loop experiments.


Escapement goals for Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), populations tend to be highly uncertain due to variability in, and in some cases complete absence of, spawner-recruit data. A previous study of 25 populations from Oregon to Alaska demonstrated that watershed size is a good predictor of unfished equilibrium population size. Here this relationship is further developed by evaluating a series of Bayesian hierarchical models of increasing complexity. The model that performed best included a temporal random walk to account for patterns in the spawner-recruit residuals and life history-specific distributions for the productivity parameter.


ONE-DIMENSIONAL TRANSIENT NUMERICAL MODELING OF A MICROPOWER GENERATION SYSTEM Emre Tatli Two core modules of a more comprehensive model for analyzing the flow of fluids in a hybrid system including a fuel cell are developed. First part consists of a new procedure for scaling turbomachinery maps. In the last few decades, the sizes of turbomachinery have been getting smaller and smaller for various purposes. New designs have pushed the limits of power generation to be in more compact sizes, which lead to smaller compressors and turbines. For new designs, it is important to know how the turbomachinery in the system will behave at certain conditions. But it is not practical to build a turbomachinery during the design process since there might be changes in the configuration of the system afterwards and it is a very costly procedure. It is also a very time consuming process to obtain experimental data for off design conditions. What is usually done is to use similar sized turbomachinery maps to predict the behavior of the system with reasonable approximations. This method provides better estimates with much less cost. Second part introduces a transient one-dimensional numerical model of the flow in pipes. The program uses the projection method to solve for the variables in a transient 1-D compressible flow system in a variable cross-sectional duct with friction and heat transfer. This model is verified through comparison with the analytical solutions of various flows. It gives very accurate results for any type of flow including unsteady flows with friction and heat transfer. A case study of flow through a combustion chamber is also presented.


In the study for an animal model of onchocerciasis, particularly one dependent on a Simulium vector, the prevalence of Onchocerca lienalis in Georgia cattle was assessed. In 7 collections of cervical and umbilical skin samples and nuchal ligaments made between April and December, 1975, adult parasites were found in fascia of the ligamentum nuchae of 62 of 124 animals (50.0%), and microfilariae were present in 1 or more of the skin samples from 85 to 124 cattle (68.6%). Infections occurred in cattle of all ages examined (from 2 to more than 10 years). Microfilariae were found more frequently and abundantly in umbilical than in cervical skin. They were present in 47 of 62 cattle in which adult nematodes occurred, but also present in 38 of 62 cattle in which no adult nematodes were discovered. The adult nematodes caused considerable inflammation in the fascial sheath of the ligamentum muchae.


Animations of hair dynamics greatly enrich the visual attractiveness of human characters. Traditional simulation techniques handle hair as clumps or continuum for efficiency; however, the visual quality is limited because they cannot represent the fine‐scale motion of individual hair strands. Although a recent mass‐spring approach tackled the problem of simulating the dynamics of every strand of hair, it required a complicated setting of springs and suffered from high computational cost. In this paper, we base the animation of hair on such a fine‐scale on Lattice Shape Matching (LSM), which has been successfully used for simulating deformable objects. Our method regards each strand of hair as a chain of particles, and computes geometrically derived forces for the chain based on shape matching. Each chain of particles is simulated as an individual strand of hair. Our method can easily handle complex hairstyles such as curly or afro styles in a numerically stable way. While our method is not physically based, our GPU‐based simulator achieves visually plausible animations consisting of several tens of thousands of hair strands at interactive rates.


Abstract The Organisation of African Unity (OAU) Refugee Convention is recognised as having extended the conventional concept of a refugee beyond the narrower scope of the 1951 Refugee Convention. Yet, while the OAU definition of refugee has been praised for its broader scope, relatively little effort has beenmade to subject it to a rigorous interpretative analysis. Instead, scholarship has tended to minimise a number of serious interpretive difficulties posed by the definition. The result is an 'interpretive consensus' that suggests that three fundamental characteristics differentiate it from the 1951 definition: first, the OAU definition is objective rather than subjective; second, it does not require a specific type of harm or cause of flight; and third, it was primarily designed and intended to be applied to the context of group displacements. On closer examination, this consensus appears untenable and may be harmful to the broader goal of refugee protection. This article reviews existing scholarship on theOAUdefinition and provides a clause-by-clause analysis of the OAU definition in light of contemporary international refugee law.


The need for new solvents for catalysis in the production of fine chemicals is discussed. After a short description of the different needs of fine chemicals and bulk chemicals manufacture, the role of the solvent in catalytic processes is shown, illustrated by examples from Solvias' process development. It is concluded that for the catalytic production of fine chemicals, new types of solvents such as supercritical CO2, ionic liquids, aqueous or fluorous media will be applied only under special circumstances and that much more information on scope and limitations (chemical, ecological, economical) is required.


Background: While good glycemic control during hospitalization has been reported to have better outcomes and reduced complications, achieving this is difficult in hospitals where diabetes specialists are not present or understaffed. Diabetes ward round by an independent and specialized team (DMWR) is one of the solutions for regular monitoring of glycemic control in inpatients, few studies existed to assess its effectiveness. Material and Methods: A team composed of two diabetes specialists, one specialized nurse, one dietician, one pharmacist, and one assistant conducted DMWR from May 2017. Hospital inpatients who were at risk of poorly controlled glycemia were given adequate advice to prevent hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. A total of 384,422 capillary blood glucose measurements were taken from all hospitalized patients from April 2015 to March 2019 and the changes in frequency of hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic episodes were analyzed. Infection control was evaluated by episodes of blood cultures. The mortality rate at discharge and within 90 days of discharge were also calculated. Results: The odds ratio (OR) for the frequency of pre-prandial hyperglycemia before and after DMWR was 0.430 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.407, 0.454). The OR for that of severe hypoglycemia was 0.371 (95% CI: 0.265, 0.520). The number of blood cultures was significantly reduced by 26% after DMWR. The mortality rate within 90 days of discharge was also significantly decreased in patients aged less than 65 (OR 0.363, 95%CI: 0.216, 0.609) and from 65 to 79 (OR 0.689, 95%CI: 0.541, 0.856), respectively. Conclusion: DMWR resulted in improved glycemic control and reduced staff burden for managing severe hypoglycemia and preventable infection events. Moreover, the mortality rate of patients less than 80 years of age was also reduced over the same period, suggesting that stabilizing blood sugar was beneficial for lowering mortality rate in the younger patient population. Disclosure S. Chou: None. M. Haraguchi: None. M. Imai: None. M. Ishibashi: None. M. Masano: None. Y. Iwata: None. Y. Oda: None. T. Motogami: None. S. Nakamura: None.


In home construction, rigid polyurethane foams have been widely used as nonstructural component such as thermal insulation or sound absorbser material, and as structural component such as core of sandwich panel. For structural component, it is necessary to study the behavior of the material first, how the cells are constructed, also to get the physical and mechanical properties. Those two properties are the main items to be able to design the sandwich panel or to make a further analysis. This investigation was made to reveal several things such as density, microscopic foam structure, material strength, modulus, poison's ratio, and failure mode in tension, compression and shear, based on American Standard Testing Method (ASTM). This research, by microscopic observation, states that this foam is categorized as an anisotropic material, where strength in longitudinal (L) direction (foam rise direction) is stronger than that in transverse (T) direction, with geometric anisotropic ratio of 2.2. For the foam density of 48.5 kg/m3, the test yielded compressive strength and modulus of, respectively, 358.221 kPa, and 11602.8 kPa. Consistent with the results from other researchers, higher density gives higher compressive strength and modulus. For tensile mode, it is also obtained values of tensile strength 229 kPa in L direction and 393 kPa in T direction, tensile modulus in L and T direction, respectively, are 929 kPa and 3256 kPa, strains to failure are respectively 0.276 and 0.334 and poisson's ratio is 0.184 on longitudinal – based specimen. For shear mode, we get 228 kPa for shear strength and 3240 kPa for shear modulus. The patterns of stress – stress curve from compression and tension test, give us an indication that this foam is classified as elastic plastic foam.


Uniaxial and biaxial torsional fatigue tests were conducted on the samples extracted from urban railway wheel steel. Ultimate and yield strengths of the steel were 1027.7 MPa and 626 MPa. respectively. The uniaxial fatigue limit was 422.5 MPa, corresponding 67% of the ultimate tensile strength. The ratio of was 0.63. Fatigue strength coefficient and exponent were 1319.5 MPa and 0.339, respectively. Maximum principal and equivalent strain were found to be adequate parameter to predict fatigue lifetime of the steel under multiaixal condition.


The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at the future FAIR accelerator complex at Darmstadt is being designed for a comprehensive measurement of hadron and lepton production in heavy-ion collisions from 8-45 AGeV beam energy, producing events with large track multiplicity and high hit density. The setup consists of several detectors including as tracking detectors the silicon tracking system (STS), the muon detector (MUCH) or alternatively a set of Transition Radiation Detectors (TRD). In this contribution, the status of the track reconstruction software including track finding, fitting and propagation is presented for the MUCH and TRD detectors. The track propagation algorithm takes into account an inhomogeneous magnetic field and includes accurate calculation of multiple scattering and energy losses in the detector material. Track parameters and covariance matrices are estimated using the Kalman filter method and a Kalman filter modification by assigning weights to hits and using simulated annealing. Three different track finder algorithms based on track following have been developed which either allow for track branches, just select nearest hits or use the mentioned weighting method. The track reconstruction efficiency for central Au+Au collisions at 25 AGeV beam energy using events from the UrQMD model is at the level of 93-95% for both detectors.


Pore types, pore size, and pore abundance vary systematically across thermal maturity in the Eagle Ford Formation, Maverick Basin, southern Texas. Scanning electron imaging of 20 samples from four wells is used to assess the complex response of pores to chemical and mechanical processes, entailing both destruction of primary porosity and generation of secondary pores. Primary mineral-associated pores are destroyed by compaction, cementation, and infill of secondary organic matter, whereas secondary pores are generated within organic matter (OM). Destruction of primary pores during early burial (to ∼0.5%) occurs by compaction of ductile detrital OM and clays and, to a lesser degree, as a result of cementation and infill of secondary OM. Larger pores are associated with coccolith debris. The dominant OM is spatially isolated detrital OM "stringers." Porosity is volumetrically dominated (average 6.2%) by relatively large, mostly interparticle mineral-associated pores (median size 51.6 nm [0.000002 in.]; detection limit near 3–4 nm [0.00000012–0.00000015 in.]). At low maturity, porosity and pore size correlate directly with calcite abundance and inversely with OM volumes. At higher maturity, further destruction of primary pores occurs through cementation, secondary OM infill, and greater compaction. Mineral-associated pores are present at high-maturity ( ∼1.2%–1.3%), but are smaller (median size 30.2 nm [0.0000011 in.]) and less abundant (average of 2.5%) than at low maturity. A large portion of OM within high-maturity samples is diagenetic in origin and has pervaded into primary pore space, coating cement crystals, and filling intraparticle pores. Substantial mineral-associated porosity is locally present in samples where incursion of primary pore space by secondary OM has not occurred. Abundant secondary porosity is generated as OM matures into the wet-gas window. Porosity in most high-maturity samples is volumetrically dominated (average of 1.3%) by smaller, OM-hosted pores (median size 13.2 nm [0.00000051 in.]).


This paper presents a new numerical algorithm for fault discrimination and fault location estimation when occur to arcing ground and arcing line to line on transmission lines. The object of this paper is developed from new numerical algorithm to calculate the fault distance and simultaneously to make a distinction between transient and permanent faults. so the first of object for propose algorithm would be distinguish the permanent from the transient faults. This arcing fault discrimination algorithm is used if calculated value of arc voltage amplitude is greater than product of arc voltage gradient and the length of the arc path, which is equal or greater than the flashover length of a suspension insulator string[1-3]. Also, each algorithm is separated from short distance and long distance. This is difference to with/without capacitance between short to long distance. To test the validity of the proposed algorithms, the results of algorithm testing through various computer simulations are given. The test was simulated in EMTP/ATP simulator under a number of scenarios and calculate of algorithm was used to MATLAB.


Objectives: To empirically assess the capacity of patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to consent to medical treatment under different consent standards (Ss). Methods: Participants were 56 healthy controls, 60 patients with MCI, and 31 patients with mild Alzheimer disease (AD). Each participant was administered the Capacity to Consent to Treatment Instrument (CCTI) and a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Group differences in performance on the CCTI and neuropsychological variables were examined. In addition, the capacity status (capable, marginally capable, or incapable) of each MCI participant on each CCTI standard was examined using cut scores derived from control performance. Results: Patients with MCI performed comparably to controls on minimal consent standards requiring merely expressing a treatment choice (S1) or making the reasonable treatment choice [S2], but significantly below controls on the three clinically relevant standards of appreciation (S3), reasoning (S4), and understanding (S5). In turn, the MCI group performed significantly better than the mild AD group on [S2], S4, and S5. Regarding capacity status, patients with MCI showed a progressive pattern of capacity compromise (marginally capable and incapable outcomes) related to stringency of consent standard. Conclusions: Patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) demonstrate significant impairments on clinically relevant abilities associated with capacity to consent to treatment. In obtaining informed consent, clinicians and researchers working with patients with MCI must consider the likelihood that many of these patients may have impairments in consent capacity related to their amnestic disorder and related cognitive impairments. GLOSSARY: AD = Alzheimer disease; ADRC = Alzheimer's Disease Research Center; CCTI = Capacity to Consent to Treatment Instrument; CVLT-II = California Verbal Learning Test, second edition; DRS-2 = Dementia Rating Scale, 2nd edition; GDS = Geriatric Depression Scale; MCI = mild cognitive impairment; MDC = medical decision-making capacity; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; Ss = consent standards; WAIS-III = Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, third edition; WMS-III = Wechsler Memory Scale, third edition; WMS-R = Wechsler Memory Scale, revised edition; WRAT-3 = Wide Range Achievement Test, third edition.


ABSTRACT Rabies is a highly fatal zoonotic disease caused by the rabies virus invading the central nervous system. When suspected of exposure to the rabies virus, post-exposure prophylaxis should be administered as soon as possible. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) neutralizing the rabies virus could be better in human rabies post-exposure prophylaxis than equine or human rabies immune globulin in terms of supply, cost, and efficacy. This article reviews anti-rabies mAbs produced by multiple techniques, and the results of clinical trials for anti-rabies mAbs cocktails recognizing non-overlapping epitopes are also discussed.


DSVM is a valuable technique developed in shared-nothing parallel architecture. Some research is given to the parallel algorithms on DSVM in the object database, but the essential topic is how to make full use of all kinds of resources to avoid the bottlenecks of CPUs, disks, memory and networks. In order to study this issue deeply, the paper takes parallel algorithms for path expressions as examples and analyzes how to use resources reasonably based on DSVM in NOW environments.


The objective of the authors is to report the case of a tarsal fibroma, a tumoration on the superotemporal side of the right orbit with slow growth over the years. Analysis of the anatomical specimen obtained from the tarsal region showed a well-defined lesion, consisting of deposition of dense collagen fibers, with fusiform cells without atypia, with coating conjunctival cells, featuring fibroma of the tarsal plate.


Background- Atherosclerosis is a dynamic and progressive disease arising from the combination of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. So, inflammatory mediators are important causative and progressive factors in atherosclerosis. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a pleiotropic cytokine which may have a key role in atherosclerosis, because the results of recent studies indicated that IL-18, either directly as a pro-inflammatory factor or indirectly as an interferon inducing factor , has central role in the inflammatory cascade. In present study, we evaluated the relation between blood concentration of IL-18 with atherosclerosis and its severity and also the relation of this cytokine with the other known risk factors of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods- 138 patients who underwent diagnostic cardiac catheterization and had the inclusion criteria for this study, were selected. In the beginning, a questionnaire containing personal information and medical history was completed for each of them and blood samples were collected 24 hours before catheterization. We measured blood level of IL-18 and CRP in all samples. The results of these tests and the angiography were entered in the questionnaire and then information was analyzed using regression analyzing, K2 and statistical T test. P values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results- By using the results of angiography, patients were divided in two groups. 1- Control group or normal coronary arteries (32 people) 2- Case group (106 people) or patients who were suffering from CAD. In second group, 6 patients (5.6%) had minimal CAD, 44 patients (41.5%) had single-vessel disease (SVD), 27 patients (25.4%) had 2VD and 29 patients (27.5%) had 3VD. In the laboratory tests, the mean IL-18 blood level in patients with CAD was 258.1 pgr/ml but in normal coronary arteries group it was 216.6 pgr/ml. The average blood level of IL-18 in patients who had minimal CAD was 235.5 pgr/ml, in SVD was 247.2 pgr/ml, in 2VD was 263.7 pgr/ml and in patients with 3VD was 274.1 pgr/ml. Also average CRP blood level in normal group was 8.9 mgr/L while in patients with CAD it was 20.4 mgr/L. Conclusion- The results of this study indicated that there was a direct and significant correlation between blood IL-18 level with existence (P<0.001) and severity of CAD(P<0.01) and IL-18 can be an independent predictor risk factor of atherosclerosis(Iranian Heart Journal 2012; 13


Mechanical interactions between phenocrysts during magma flow give rise to a grain dispersive pressure. Considerations of the balance of the dispersive pressure are utilized to deduce the velocity profile of the magma flowing through a picritic dike from the observed distribution of olivine phenocrysts. The dike, from the Isle of Skye, Scotland, has a gradual increase in phenocryst concentration from the walls to the center. The analysis of this dike yields a pluglike velocity profile in which the velocity is within 1 percent of the maximum velocity throughout the central half of the dike, with large velocity gradients near the walls.

Factors such as a viscosity increase toward the walls due to cooling and variations in the proportionality coefficient in the grain dispersive relationship are considered in the analysis. Other possible corrections required to improve the results are indicated. The velocity profile obtained in the analysis is first compared to profiles for pseudoplastic and Bingham-plastic non-Newtonian fluids. Poor agreement is found, and it is concluded that non-Newtonian fluid models are unsatisfactory. The data are then compared to a model in which the pluglike velocity profile results from the simultaneous requirement of a constant grain dispersive pressure and a balance between the pressure gradient producing the magma intrusion and the viscous dissipation of its momentum. This comparison was successful, and I concluded that such balances cause the pluglike velocity profile as well as the increase in phenocryst concentration toward the dike center.


Features of development of the accounting system of transport holding at the present stage determine the approaches to the formation and structuring of the information base. The exclusive needs of interested users in the received information are revealed, its significant characteristics, which are determined by the trends of strategic accounting, are substantiated. In the course of the study of the practical application of the centralized accounting model, the negative impact of some factors on the final reporting data of the transport complex enterprises was established. The critical point of view of the applied accounting system and its impact on the information indicators of the transport complex as a whole and on individual business structures is substantiated. The analytical section of the accounting data of the transport holding has a strategic focus. The formation and selection of specific indicators depends on the strategic objectives. The article offers an alternative to the existing approach to the applied accounting principles, in particular for solving strategic tasks, through the use of indicative budgeting methods with simultaneous change of accounting rules of the transport holding.


This paper utilizes fuzzy B-spline based on frequency domain analysis to visualize 3D tsunami waves from remote sensing satellite data. In doing so, two dimensional Fourier transform (2DFFT) was used to extract the successive tsunami wave characteristics i.e. frequency, wavelength, direction and energy. In this context, fuzzy B-spline was utilized to reconstruct a global topographic structure between the data points, were used to support an approximation to the real successive tsunami wave propagation and run-up.


INTRODUCTION
Internalizing disorders of childhood are a common and disabling problem, with sufferers at increased risk of subsequent psychiatric morbidity. Several studies have found associations between parenting styles and children's internalizing, although few have considered the role of parental discipline. Parental discipline style may exert an effect on children's internalizing symptoms. Anxiety and depression are reliably found to run in families and parental anxiety has been shown to effect parenting behaviour. This study set out to examine the links between parental anxiety, parental discipline style and child internalizing symptoms.

METHOD
Eighty-eight parents of children aged 4-10 years were recruited through primary schools. All parents completed questionnaires including measures relating to: adult anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - Trait version, Penn State Worry Questionnaire), parental depression (Beck Depression Inventory - Fastscreen), parental discipline (The Parenting Scale), parenting-related attributions (Parenting Attitudes, Beliefs and Cognitions Scale) and child psychological morbidity (Child Behaviour Checklist 4-18 version).

RESULTS
Significant correlations were found between both parental anxiety and child internalizing symptoms with ineffective discipline and negative beliefs about parenting. Particularly strong correlations were found between parental anxiety and child internalizing symptoms with harsh discipline. Parents of anxious/withdrawn children were more likely to hold negative beliefs about their child. The link between parental anxiety and child internalizing symptoms was mediated by harsh discipline. The link between parental anxiety and harsh discipline was mediated by parental beliefs about the child.

CONCLUSION
Discipline style may be an important factor in the relationship between parent anxiety and child internalizing symptoms.


Purpose - – The purposes of this paper are to highlight those topics of forensic accounting that have received little or no attention in the forensic accounting research that has been published in forensic accounting research journals; discover what research methods have been most commonly used; and identify research methods that have been infrequently used. Design/methodology/approach - – This is a descriptive research study that explores the topics and methods used in forensic accounting research published in forensic accounting journals. Findings - – Fraud and quantitative methods make up the largest percentage of topics and research methods published in forensic accounting journals. Research limitations/implications - – Limited to forensic accounting journals. Results suggest forensic accounting researchers are using mimetic topics and methods of accounting research. The absence of diversity in forensic accounting research topics and methods has the potential to compromise the overall contribution of forensic accounting research. Practical implications - – This paper identifies gaps in topics and research methods in forensic accounting research to encourage research in diverse topics using diverse methods that will be valuable to forensic accountants. Originality/value - – This original research is the first to survey and classify research published in forensic accounting journals according to topic and method.


The two fundamental institution of securities post-trading landscape is the central counterparty (CCP) and the central securities depository (CSD). While the institution of CCP was developed to mitigate risk of the counterparties participating in (securities) trading, the development of CSD was driven by the need of increasing market efficiency by securitization and capital flows. Both institutions was developed by market needs, but later on, following the 2008 financial crisis the importance of these institutions has increased significantly since they have fundamental role in ensuring safe and sound financial markets and crossborder capital flows. All around the world strict regulatory regimes are formulated regarding CCPs and CSDs. As a consequence of 2008 crisis, trade repositories (TR) are established in order to store OTC derivative transaction data. In the future, due to the technological development, the post-trading landscape may change. One direction may be to introduce real spot markets (without settlement cycle) and the other one may be to implement distributed ledger technology to replace the current post-trading framework.


Abstract Clubmosses (Lycopodiaceae) represent the closest living counterparts to early vascular plants, but inability to culture terrestrial taxa has made much of the clade inaccessible to ex-situ conservation, experimental research, and horticulture. In an attempt to identify conditions conducive to repeatable ex vitro culture, the utility of clayey and sandy loams amended with pumice as a medium was observed for 20 terrestrial species spanning all three subfamilies of Lycopodiaceae. Using this media class, a series of effective sporophyte cultivation and propagation techniques were developed for all 9 North American genera. Strategies are described for selection of appropriate propagules, establishment, propagation, and long-term maintenance for each genus. Sporophytes of all taxa established readily in oligotrophic, largely inorganic media under high humidity. Large clonal colonies were maintained with frequent application of weak fertilizer solution under bright light, high humidity, and year-round moderate temperatures in two greenhouses, a growth chamber, and laboratory.


Cloud computing is emerging as a promising IT solution for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, and on-demand accesses to a shared pool of configurable computing resources. However, the widespread adoption of cloud is still being hindered by the lack of transparency and accountability, which has traditionally been ensured through security auditing techniques. Auditing in cloud poses many unique challenges in data collection and processing (e.g., data format inconsistency and lack of correlation due to the heterogeneity of cloud infrastructures), and in verification (e.g., prohibitive performance overhead due to the sheer scale of cloud infrastructures and need of runtime verification for the dynamic nature of cloud). To this end, existing runtime auditing techniques do not offer a practical response time to verify a wide-range of user-level security properties for a large cloud. In this paper, we propose a runtime security auditing framework for the cloud with special focus on the user-level including common access control and authentication mechanisms e.g., RBAC, ABAC, SSO, and we implement and evaluate the framework based on OpenStack, a widely deployed cloud management system. The main idea towards reducing the response time to a practical level is to perform the costly operations only once, which is followed by significantly more efficient incremental runtime verification. Our experimental results show that runtime security auditing in a large cloud environment is realistic under our approach (e.g., our solution performs runtime auditing of 100,000 users within 500 milliseconds).