Because politics is a way of life in organizations, organizational politics has been studied by several scholars over the past 40 years. Few studies, though, have examined organizational politics outside of the United States and Europe. This study is a further step toward closing that gap. In particular, we (1) examined the applicability of the Perceptions of Organizational Politics Scale (POPS) instrument in Kuwait, (2) examined the perceived existence of organizational politics in a public organization in Kuwait, and (3) sought to determine if perceptions of organizational politics seemed to be influenced by the same variables in Kuwait as in Western societies. The study found that the perception of organizational politics is relatively strong and that the POPS instrument was applicable in the Kuwaiti culture and could lead to an expanded understanding of organizational politics. The gender of the respondents, their tenure, and their current positions had some influence on perceptions of organizational politics. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


a novel SMA Adaptor is proposed to excite circularly polarized wave in the substrate integrated E-plane waveguide (SIEW). The adaptor is built by binding two printed circuit board parts, which allows the insertion of copper strips into the middle layer of the structure. A piece of 'T' shape copper strip is inserted at the middle layer to excite the horizontal component of electric field. A small plated through hole is used to excite the vertical component of electric field. The two orthogonal field components propagate in the SIEW with different propagation constants. A 90 degree phase difference between the two orthogonal components can be obtained after the wave propagates a certain distance in the SIEW. Consequently, circularly polarized wave is excited at that location.


Rapid kits, which are known as point-of-care (POC) tests, are extremely helpful in the diagnosis of infectious diseases, especially in remote rural areas as well as in physicians' clinics. Since the results are available within 30 minutes, appropriate treatment can be initiated without delay and thus avoiding any complications/mortality. However, in the present scenario of COVID-19 pandemic, the need for adequate validation of the antibody-based rapid kits as an emergency is a challenge. The test results of these kits are to be interpreted with sufficient caution and proper clinical correlation. Track records of the kit manufacturers need proper scrutiny before taking a decision to use a particular test kit.


Peyronie's disease is characterized by a scarring fibrosis within the tunica albuginea of the penis that could lead to penile length loss, narrowing, curvature, erectile dysfunction, or pain with erection. This problem has recently no appropriate treatment. Our objective is to treat this kind of disease by a new kind of hyperthermia method.


Urban areas will face increased risks as a result of climate change such as heat stress, storms and extreme precipitation, inland and coastal flooding, air pollution, water scarcity, sea-level rise, storm surges, and so on. By the year 2050 about 66% of the world's population will reside in urban areas; much of the projected increase will take place in Asia and Africa. Recent studies confirm that the impacts of climate change are already being seen and felt in major Asian cities. To combat the impacts of climate change, Asian city governance needs to mainstream climate change resilient policies into urban planning. This chapter explores the challenge of enhancing climate resilience in two of the world's most vulnerable coastal city regions – Dhaka, Bangladesh and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The chapter reviews the policies and governance structures of these cities, comparing the extent to which national and municipal governments could implement measures aimed at building climate resilience at the urban scale.


PRIMARY varicella pneumonia in adults is a rare and severe disease. It is the purpose of this report to present a case, review the literature, and discuss the typical clinical picture. REPORT OF A CASE A 25-year-old Negro housewife was admitted to the University of Virginia Hospital on March 22, 1954, in acute respiratory distress. Four days prior to admission she had noted a vesicular eruption, beginning behind the ears and spreading over her face and upper chest. She consulted her local physician on the first day, who told her she had chickenpox and gave her acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin). The following day she developed fever, dyspnea, and cough productive of profuse amounts of mucoid blood-flecked sputum. The rash spread over her entire chest, arms, and abdomen, and she had increasing dyspnea and prostration. Her physician referred her to the hospital on the fourth day of her illness. She had never


Contributing to organizational challenges through breast cancer prevention programs by mammography in Valais and establishing external quality schemes for specific IgE determinations for the Swiss Society of Allergology and Clinical Immunology has given me experience in bringing together health professionals and insurance agencies at times when practical actions could be taken. The two programs were set up by consensus, knowing that they should be affordable, progessively implementable and professionally managed. Future perspectives and options for development can be drawn from these involvements and could help to support upcoming decisions permitting the programs to evolve toward more equity and professional structures. In Switzerland, the perspective of organized national prevention programs could be built up from local cantonal programs, at least for breast cancer screening program with mammography. The Valais program, started in 1999 was organized as a continuously evaluated program, free of charge for women between 50 and 70 years old. Private and institutional radiologists were involved, six of them were accredited as second readers to include all the regions of the Valais. Indeed, we achieved a participation rate of 70 % in five years, we were able to keep the participation free of charge and to have an external evaluation of the program performed every two years. We also participated in building up a national federation and contributed to the implementation of digital mammography, RIS-PACS transmission, multilingual computer programs and quality management in our program. The external quality assessment program for specific IgE in Switzerland has a ten-year history. It shows that a definite scheme set up to ensure minimal requirements for all participants, in order to be reimbursed by insurances, cannot fulfill the needs for quality control of the larger laboratories and the challenge of new technologies, such as microarray. The external quality assessment for specific IgE measurements was set up together with the "Centre Suisse de Controle de Qualite", Geneva from 2003-2006 as an optional trial phase. A selection of three allergens (birch pollen, peanut and cat dander) was proposed at each distribution to be detected by the different methods used for specific IgE measurements. In the compulsory phase we were able to show that most participants succeeded either in a POC setting or in large laboratories. This program fulfilled the requirements established by the Qualab for other laboratory analyses. The practical environement for allergen-specific IgE is rapidly changing to take into account the great increase of knowledge on the different molecular allergens. We have worked recently on the variation of specific IgE to molecular allergens in the course of immunotherapy. So far, we provided preliminary results that need to be validated to overcome many unresolved issues with these technologies, either molecular allergens or microarray in reproductibility. The clinical adequacy for each approach has not yet been settled. Moreover, it is not yet clear how to ensure a proper quality control for these specific technologies. Innovative solutions can be found to adapt to our specific environment. National cancer prevention programs beyond early breast cancer detection by mammography is now becoming possible. In a similar trend, the professional societies of laboratory medicine have done their best to set up external quality assessment programs in Switzerland in order for all practioners to be able to fulfill the same requirements for reimbursement of equivalent medical procedures. The future will show if such efforts can evolve and cope with the challenge of new technologies and divergent needs in the application of medicine.


Centaurea baseri , a new species from limestone rocks in Emirdag (Afyon), Central Anatolia, Turkey, is described and illustrated. The new species is compared with the most similar species C. aphrodisea and C. dursunbeyensis ( C. sect. Phalolepis ), from which it differs in its involucre, basal leaves, achenes, appendages and habit. Diagnostic morphological characters are discussed. Notes are presented on its ecology and conservation status.


Passive immunization with goat anti-rabbit uteroglobin antiserum prevents implantation in the rabbit. The dose of antiserum was too low to neutralize all of the uteroglobin present on Day 5 of pregnancy, however, and the effect could not be shown to be specific, because 'control' treatments with goat antiserum to chick avidin or normal goat serum also prevented implantation. Non-specific antisera raised in rabbits had little or no effect on implantation. Partial purification of antibodies from the non-specific goat antisera reversed their effect, while anti-uteroglobin gamma globulin still reduced implantation. Fluorescein-labelled gamma globulin fractions of anti-avidin and anti-uteroglobin both bound to blastocysts, but pure FITC-IgG showed binding only of anti-uteroglobin. Both anti-avidin and anti-uteroglobin IgG prevented implantation. It is concluded that the effect on implantation is not necessarily achieved via a specific antigen.


The heat/capsaicin sensitization model is a new human experimental pain model that synergistically combines non-invasive physical and chemical methods of nociceptor stimulation to produce stable and long-lasting hyperalgesia with a low potential for skin injury. In 10 healthy volunteers the forearm was stimulated with a 45 degrees C thermode for 5 min to produce an area of secondary hyperalgesia. Applying capsaicin cream for 30 min further expanded the area of secondary hyperalgesia. Periodically heating the treated skin with a previously non-painful temperature of 40 degrees C re-kindled the sensitization enough to maintain stable areas of secondary hyperalgesia for 4h. The evoked pain was moderate and well tolerated. The heat/capsaicin sensitization model should be well suited for studying pain mechanisms and testing new analgesics.


GIP-dependent Cushing's syndrome is caused by ectopic expression of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) in cortisol-producing adrenal adenomas or in bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasias. Molecular mechanisms leading to ectopic GIPR expression in adrenal tissue are not known. Here we performed molecular analyses on adrenocortical adenomas and bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasias obtained from 14 patients with GIP-dependent adrenal Cushing's syndrome and one patient with GIP-dependent aldosteronism. GIPR expression in all adenoma and hyperplasia samples occurred through transcriptional activation of a single allele of the GIPR gene. While no abnormality was detected in proximal GIPR promoter methylation, we identified somatic duplications in chromosome region 19q13.32 containing the GIPR locus in the adrenocortical lesions derived from 3 patients. In 2 adenoma samples, the duplicated 19q13.32 region was rearranged with other chromosome regions, whereas a single tissue sample with hyperplasia had a 19q duplication only. We demonstrated that juxtaposition with cis-acting regulatory sequences such as glucocorticoid response elements in the newly identified genomic environment drives abnormal expression of the translocated GIPR allele in adenoma cells. Altogether, our results provide insight into the molecular pathogenesis of GIP-dependent Cushing's syndrome, occurring through monoallelic transcriptional activation of GIPR driven in some adrenal lesions by structural variations.


Sustainable transportation has been traditionally acknowledged as an accelerating factor in achieving economic productivity. This paper attempts to frame a methodology to study the sustainability of the transportation sector and economy, based on selected key transportation sustainability performance indicators. Previous findings in the literature support the contribution of transportation performance indicators towards achieving economic productivity. This paper examines the dependency of key transportation sustainability indicators on United States economic productivity. The econometric model consisted of performance indicators: a portion of the budget devoted to transportation, per capita traffic congestion delay and, efficient pricing for transportation as the independent variable with per capita GDP as the dependent variable. Three hypotheses were validated using multiple linear regression analysis, with statistical software Minitab 17 and visualized using Tableau 10.0.9. A predictive and what-if analysis was also conducted. The results show a strong correlation between the indicators chosen, highlighting their role in contributing towards overall sustainability.


Quantum computers promise to solve several categories of problems faster than classical computers ever could. Current research mostly focuses on qubits, i.e., systems where the unit of information can assume only two levels. However, the underlying physics of most (if not all) of the technological platforms supports more than two levels, commonly referred to as qudits. Performing computations with qudits increases the overall complexity while, at the same time, reducing the number of operations and providing a lower error rate. Furthermore, qudits with different number of levels can be mixed in one system to ease the experimental control and keep representations as compact as possible. Exploiting these capabilities requires dedicated software support to tackle the increased complexity in an automated and efficient fashion. In this paper, we present a qudit simulator that handles mixed-dimensional systems based on Decision Diagrams (DDs). More precisely, we discuss the type of decision diagram introduced as underlying data structure as well as the resulting implementation. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that the proposed solution is capable of efficiently simulating mixed-dimensional quantum circuits, with specific use cases including more than 100 qudits in one circuit. The source code of the simulator is available via github.com/cda-tum/MiSiM under the MIT~license.


The dynamics of the fluxon in the Josephson junction is studied. The dielectric layer of the junction has a variable thickness. It is shown that the modified area of the junction acts on the fluxon as a potential barrier. The relation between the critical bias current and the thickness of the dielectric layer is analytically and numerically determined.


Author(s): Martinez, Ronald Lorenson | Abstract: Abstract: La Lena is Ariosto's most challenging play, rendering a powerful dystopic vision of Ferrara through an intricately organized poetic text. In Ariosto's bid to outstrip rivals Bibbiena, Machiavelli and Aretino (the former two dead by 1528, the year of the staging of the first version of La Lena), the play summarizes – along with versified versions of his earlier Cassaria and Suppositi – Ariosto's experiences as a man of the theatre, and establish him as a modern classic. As Paul Larivaille has shown, the organizing principle of the play is a network of interrelated debts that in their embrace of various social ranks, ducal officials, and groups such as the Jewish moneylenders of the Riva constitutes the Ferrarese community of citizens. Plot segments are built around commodities, such as Flavio's cloak offered for pawn in Acts I-II and the wine-butt (lent to Pacifico) in Act IV; the most important such object is Fazio's house, on loan to Lena, referred to in Acts II-IV but implicitly involved in Acts I and V as well. Measurement of the house by Torbido at the center of the play (Act III.8, IV.7) establishes that in Ferrara all things, including human relations, have their exact valuation. The Torbido scenes are the axis of the play's linguistic emphasis on inventories, pricing, exploited labor, and financial record-keeping (explicit in references to account books, for example, "il libro de l' uscita"). The scene of measurement also stimulates the play's denouement, as it necessitates Flavio's concealed transportation into Fulvio's house, where he will encounter Licinia; and it provides a significant metaphor, underlying the whole play, for the prostituted body of Lena herself (she refers to her "doors" before and behind in the final scene of the expanded 1529/32 version). The relentelessly economic Ferrarese universe is also part of Ariosto's self-conscious mirroring in La Lena of his ideas of stagecraft more generally. For framing the debt-driven money economy of Ferrara in La Lena are Ariosto's decades of reflection on both the theatrical and urban space of his city: at the theoretical level of Pellegrino Prisciani's rendition of Alberti's archological treatise in the Spectacula, in the practical elaboration of stage-sets ("la citta ferrarese"), and evoking, through several episodes in the play (III.2, IV.9), the city's history of rationalized urban planning, reaching back to the construction at the turn of the century of the Addizione erculea at the behest of Ercole I d'Este.


Flos Chrysanthemi Indici (FCI), the flower of Chrysanthemum indicum L., is a common functional food and a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Previous studies have revealed that FCI has anti-inflammatory activity, but little is known about its anti-inflammatory chemical profile. In this study, the potential anti-inflammatory constituents of FCI were investigated by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) combined with the network pharmacology approach, and further confirmed on a LPS activated RAW264.7 macrophage model. As a result, a total of forty-two compounds, including thirty-two flavonoids, nine phenolic acids and one sesquiterpene, were identified. Among them, fourteen compounds including eight flavonoids (11, 17, 24, 28, 32, 39, 41 and 42) and six caffeoylquinic acids (3, 4, 5, 13, 15 and 20) were recognized as potential key anti-inflammatory constituents of FCI through network pharmacology analysis, because they accounted for 92% of the relative peak area in the UPLC-Q-TOF/MS chromatogram and acted on 87 of 97 the inflammatory targets of FCI. However, only 16 targets were shared between the flavonoids and caffeoylquinic acids, indicative of both acting on more different targets. Further the anti-inflammatory effects of the fourteen constituents were validated with the decreased levels of NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and PGE2 in RAW264.7 macrophage cells treated with LPS. Our results indicated that both flavonoids and caffeoylquinic acids were responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect of FCI through synergetic actions on multi-targets. Moreover, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (15), luteolin (24) and linarin (28) were the most important active constituents of FCI and could be selected as chemical markers for quality control of FCI. Overall, the findings not only explore the anti-inflammatory chemical constituents of FCI, but also provide novel insights into the effective constituents and mechanism of TCMs.


From 9-23 February 2006 the World Council of Churches held its 9th Assembly in Porto Alegre, Brasil with the theme God, in your grace, transform the world. It gathered in an atmosphere of crisis in the ecumenical movement, caused by global political and religious developments, post-modern thinking on the value of plurality and difference and by the slow reception of ecumenical agreements. The Assembly, though, became a sign of hope beyond the ecumenical crisis. Its reflections and proposals on Globalisation and economic injustice, on Christian identity and religious plurality and on Church Unity and the Mission of the Church demonstrate a matured ecumenical and ecclesiological awareness, strengthened by a new method of decision-making by consensus. The document Called to be the one Church might be seen as the constitutional basis for a reconfiguration of the ecumenical movement and as a refinement of the Toronto Declaration of 1950. It formulates a matrix of catholicity and of a legitimate diversity of church forms within an essential convergence about its structures of continuity and mission.


We present a drop model for integer and fractional quantum Hall effects (FQHE). We show that the two-dimensional electron gas breaks up into regions with filling factors ν = 1 and ν = 0 in disk geometry, and the formation of drops with a finite number of electrons is possible. Sequences of filling fractions are constructed on the basis of experimental data. For all sequences there are initial FQHE states, which correspond to a drop with five electrons. The remaining FQHE states are composite states of a drop with five electrons and one or more pairs of electrons.


from the activities of our council I could ,mention the Department of Health and Social Security's grant towards treatment and rehabilitation of alcoholics, and also the Medical Research Council's support of research being carried out at the addiction unit of the Institute of Psychiatry, and also at the University of Glasgow. There is much to do in terms of education, early detection, and prevention, and communication among the many bodies working in this field is of paramount importance in dealing with a problem of national health which has been so seriously neglected in the past.-I am, etc., DICK CALDWELL Executive Director, The Medical Council on Alcoholism London W.1


After having reconstituted in artificial membranes the calcium-dependent acetylcholine release step, and shown that essential properties of the mechanism were preserved, we purified from Torpedo electric organ nerve terminals a protein, the mediatophore, able to release acetylcholine upon calcium action. A plasmid encoding for Torpedo mediatophore was introduced into cells deficient for acetylcholine release and for the expression of the cholinergic genomic locus defined by the co-regulated choline acetyltransferase and vesicular transporter genes. The transfected cells became able to release acetylcholine in response to a calcium influx in the form of quanta. The cells had to be loaded with acetylcholine since they did not synthesize it, and without transporter they could not concentrate it in vesicles. We may then attribute the observed quanta to mediatophores. We know from previous works that like the release mechanism, mediatophore is activated at high calcium concentrations and desensitized at low calcium concentrations. Therefore only the mediatophores localized within the calcium microdomain would be activated synchronously. Synaptic vesicles have been shown to take up calcium and those of the active zone are well situated to control the diffusion of the calcium microdomain and consequently the synchronization of mediatophores. If this was the case, synchronization of mediatophores would depend on vesicular docking and on proteins ensuring this process.


The Australian Centre for Psychoanalysis (ACP) has presented the clinical work of its members since its inception in 1986 under the name of the Melbourne Centre for Psychoanalytic Research. In 1987 this seminar became formalised into a fortnightly presentation known as the Clinical Seminar and was delivered at Mont Park Hospital, Melbourne. In 1991 the seminar moved to the Royal Park Psychiatric Hospital which in 1997 was decommissioned. Thus the seminar left the terrain of public psychiatry and was delivered at the Royal Society of Victoria where it continues today.

The seminar has been intrinsic to the development of the ACP as a psychoanalytic institution, serving as the meeting point of new version of psychoanalytic theory and the clinical practice which can be derived from it. Those presenting cases practice in a variety of settings, including practitioners working analytically in child and adult psychiatry, community health, drug rehabilitation services as well as in private practice. The seminar consists of the presentation of a written case history by the treating analyst, student or invited guest in a meeting lasting 90 minutes. The presentations are followed by a collective discussion of the…


Abstract : We have carried out analytical and numerical studies of resonant interband tunneling. The numerical methods implement a 2 band model, consisting of the conduction band and a single valence band. The valence band can be considered to be the light holes. The numerical methods are described in detail, and can be applied to multiband models too. Analytic estimates are made of the thermionic currents, the of effect of stress, and other physical effects not included in the numerical models. The devices simulated are closely modeled after a set of Resonant Interband Tunnel Diodes fabricated at the Varian Research Center in Palo Alto California. Comparison of the measured and computed results show that our simulator predicts the maximal currents to within a factor of two, for devices with maximal currents varying by a factor of 1000. There are systematic differences which are likely to be due to the very high doping used in the devices. Finally, we describe a graphic user interface, implemented for our device simulator, and a Mathematica package for carrying out symbolic computations upon the operators of the Luttinger model and related multiband models of semiconductors.


Abstract Qimbaba, a prioritized forest area in the northwest of Ethiopia. However, it is experiencing deforestation that limits restoration possibilities. Hence, a detailed assessment of soil seed bank composition and regeneration potential could permit to improve the management of the forests. The study aimed at comparing native with plantation relative to the soil seed bank, as well as their effect on soil properties. A total of 40 circular sample plots (314 m2) were established, half in the natural and half in the plantation forests. Aboveground vegetation was recorded in each plot. Samples were collected for the soil seed bank analysis in the litter layer and the top 9 cm of the soil (3 cm layers) and for soil analysis down to 30 cm (15 cm depths). Vegetation and soil seed bank composition were compared and the effect of forest type (natural vs plantation) on soil seed bank and soil physical and chemical parameters was evaluated. A total of 14 plant species (11 families) were recovered from the soil seed bank (12 species in the natural and 7 in plantation forest). The soil seed bank was not similar according to the Sorenson's similarity values. There were 11,022 and 10,667 seeds/m2 in the soil seed bank of the natural and plantation forest, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two forests in bulk density, CEC and P but SOC, N, and K were significantly higher in natural. Plantation forest pH was significantly lower than the natural forest.


The present study was conducted to determine the association between parathyroid hormone 1-34 administration and ectopic calcification in rats with glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis. A total of 18 rats were used in the current study. Osteoporosis was induced in all rats via dexamethasone administration, then rats were randomly distributed into Control and Forteo groups and were sacrificed 4 weeks after initiation of drug administration. Hemi-mandibles were decalcified followed by routine histological analysis. Among the Forteo group rats, three rats displayed the presence of ectopic calcification. True pulp stone, intra-pulpal calcified structure with entrapped cells and intra periodontal bone-like calcified structure with entrapped cells were observed while no ectopic calcification was noticed in the control group.


This article aims to estimate the impact of lower tax revenues on the funding of basic education, in the context of the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Three hypothetical scenarios of lowering tax revenues are estimated and analyzed, along with their effects on the investment in education in the states and municipalities, per-pupil and overall, using a methodology that combines data on tax revenues, mandatory allocation in education, and enrollment numbers. In the most optimistic scenario, the reduction of 7% in the net tax revenues would lead to a decrease in investment in basic education of more than R$ 16.6 billion. The monthly per-pupil expenditure, which in 2018 was R$ 460 on average, could drop between 4.1% and 26.9% depending on which scenario is considered. This probable reduction in revenues requires urgent measures to attenuate the deepening of educational inequalities, converging to the transference of federal funds to sub-national governments. Finally, we highlight the economic virtue of investing in education, when considering the capillarity of education, and its character of intensive investment in personnel.


Recently, in the field of recommendation systems, linear regression (autoencoder) models have been investigated as a way to learn item similarity. In this paper, we show a connection between a linear autoencoder model and ZCA whitening for recommendation data. In particular, we show that the dual form solution of a linear autoencoder model actually has ZCA whitening effects on feature vectors of items, while items are considered as input features in the primal problem of the autoencoder/regression model. We also show the correctness of applying a linear autoencoder to low-dimensional item vectors obtained using embedding methods such as Item2vec to estimate item-item similarities. Our experiments provide preliminary results indicating the effectiveness of whitening low-dimensional item embeddings.


The current study assessed the nature and extent of Human Wildlife Conflict (HWC) in the Chichibon corridor between Digya National Park (DNP) and Kogyae Strict Nature Reserve (KSNR) in eastern Ghana. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview 83 randomly selected farmers from 12 communities in the study area. Elephant crop raiding was reported to be the most serious HWC in the area occurring during the wet season. Elephants also scared inhabitants in the villages during the course of their migration. Most crop raiding occured from May to July, with a peak in June. Yam was the most (33 %) raided crop with the least (1 %) raided being pineapples, okro, palm and cocoyam. Highest raids occurred in farms that border the south-western fringes of DNP. Most (81 %) elephant raids occurred within 5 km of the two protected areas, there was however no significant relationship (r2=0.282, p > 0.05) between number of raided farms in villages and the average distance of farms to the nearest protected area boundary line. Combination of different deterrent methods to ward off raiding elephants was used traditionally, however, noise making (beating of metallic objects) and burning of car tyres to produce smoke were most prominent. Noise making or burning of tyres alone was not very effective unless they are combined. Proper land use planning within the corridor that takes into consideration farming practices that do not attract elephants and development of better deterrent methods can potentially help reduce the incidence of crop raiding. These processes however need considerable resources particularly in creating community awareness, restoring degrading habitats and providing alternatives livelihood options.


Reaction of chloroplatinum(II) and chloropalladium(II) complexes containing amine, pyridine (py), or phosphine ligands at or above room temperature with anhydrous CF3SO3H leads to formation of trifluoromethanesulphonato-O complexes, characterized spectroscopically. The complexes cis-[Pt(NH3)2(OSO2CF3)2], trans-[Pt(NH3)2Cl(OSO2CF3)], [Pt(en)Cl(OSO2CF3)], (en = 1,2-diaminoethane), [Pt(dppe)(OSO2CF3)2], [Pt(py)2Cl(OSO2CF3)], [Pt(terpy)(OSO2CF3)][CF3SO3], (terpy = 2,2′: 6′,2″-terpyridine), trans-[Pd(NH3)2Cl(OSO2CF3)], [Pd(en)(OSO2CF3)2], [Pd(bippy)(OSO2CF3)2](bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine), and [Pd(PPh3)2(OSO2CF3)2] were isolated. Aquation reactions of selected complexes showed that trifluoromethanesulphonate hydrolysis is rapid for complexes of both PtII and PdII. Bis(trifluoromethanesulphonato)platinum(II) complexes exhibit two consecutive rate processes, with k1/k2ca. 5, consistent with sequential hydrolysis of both anions. Preliminary investigations indicate that co-ordinated CF3SO3– in these complexes may be substituted even by neutral co-ordinating O-donor solvents.


Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), also known as von Recklinghausen's disease, is one of the most common autosomal dominant inherited disorders. In addition to multiple skin manifestations, patients with NF1 also have an increased risk for developing malignancies. We present a case of malignant nodular hidradenoma (MNH) that occurred in a patient with NF1 who had repeated local recurrences and regional lymph node metastasis and who died with metastatic disease despite multiple reexcisions, chemotherapy, and radiation. Our research of the literature showed no similar report of an MNH in NF1 patients. We also reviewed several skin disorders that have been repeatedly documented in patients with NF1, including juvenile xanthogranulomas (JXG); a triple association of JXG, NF1, and juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia (JCML); multiple granular cell tumors at early ages; and multiple glomus tumors. The incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma in NF1 patients has not been consistent among various reports. The relative risk of developing epithelial tumors in patients with NF1 remains largely unknown. Because of the rarity of MNH, it is currently difficult to assess whether the tumor represents a concurrent lesion or is associated with neurofibromatosis (NF).


Background Substance misuse (including alcohol) is a growing issue nationally with physical, psychological, social and spiritual consequences making it very relevant in palliative care, especially as patients often require medications for symptom control with the potential for misuse. Research and national guidance specific to palliative care is limited. It has been suggested substance misuse is under-recognised within palliative care and that patients should be routinely assessed for it. Aims To evaluate regional practice and confidence among palliative care professionals in identifying patients with substance misuse as part of updating the 2009 regional guidelines on this topic. Methods A retrospective multi-centre audit of palliative care professionals working across community, hospice and hospital settings in Mersey was conducted including questions on previous experience, screening and confidence in identifying patients with substance misuse. Results 72 palliative care professionals responded (23% community, 37% hospital, 40% hospice). A wide range of substance misuse had been encountered including alcohol (96%), cannabis (80%), intravenous heroin (67%) and opioids (65%). Routine screening for substance misuse was uncommon: 21% for alcohol and 6% for other substance misuse. Only 6% routinely used a formal screening tool. 63% of respondents felt fairly to very confident in their ability to identify substance misuse, 13% felt fairly to very unconfident. There was a high volume of responses regarding the need for general education and training relating to managing substance misuse. Conclusions Within Mersey palliative care professionals have experienced patients presenting with a variety of types of substance misuse. Although many respondents felt confident in their ability to detect substance misuse, there was a lack of routine screening and formal screening tools were used infrequently. This could lead to under-recognition and a lack of appropriate support for patients. Clear education needs were identified and updated regional guidance is in the process of being created.


Reported here is a copper-catalyzed 1,2-methoxy methoxycarbonylation of alkenes by an unprecedented use of methyl formate as a source of both the methoxy and the methoxycarbonyl groups. This reaction transforms styrene and its derivatives into value-added β-methoxy alkanoates and cinnamates, as well as medicinally important five-membered heterocycles, such as functionalized tetrahydrofurans, γ-lactones, and pyrrolidines. A ternary β-diketiminato-CuI -styrene complex, fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallographic analysis, is capable of catalyzing the same transformation. These findings suggest that pre-coordination of electron-rich alkenes to copper might play an important role in accelerating the addition of nucleophilic radicals to electron-rich alkenes, and could have general implications in the design of novel radical-based transformations.


Contents: Preface. Statistics in Psychology: Data, Models, and a Little History. Graphical Methods of Displaying Data. Analysis of Variance I: The One-Way Design. Analysis of Variance II: Factorial Designs. Analysis of Repeated Measure Designs. Simple Linear Regression and Multiple Regression Analysis. Analysis of Longitudinal Data. Distribution-Free and Computationally Intensive Methods. Analysis of Categorical Data I: Contingency Tables and the Chi-Square Test. Analysis of Categorical Data II: Log-Linear Models and Logistic Regression. Appendices: Statistical Glossary. Answers to Selected Exercises.


This study aims to present the pedagogic implications about Korean Argumentative Writing Education for CKLs through contrasting the engagement in the editorials of Korean and Chinese. So we have selected 100 piece(Korean editorials 50, Chinese editorials 50)editorials from The Chosun Ilbo, The The JoongAng Ilbo and People's Daily, Guang Ming Daily which are the representative newspapers of Korea and China. We extracted the engagement according to the Appraisal Theory which was developed by Martin & White(2005) and the context. Then we did a t-text and as a result, the total of monogloss and heterogloss didn't have a statistically significant difference and both Korean and Chinese editorials have used more heterogloss than monogloss. In the dialogic expansion, we found that the use of possibility, entertain, attribution, distance and the total of dialogic expansion had a statistically significant difference and the use of personal opinion and acknowledge didn't have a statistically significant difference. Though the average we can know that the Korean editorials used more possibility, entertain, attribution, distance than the Chinese editorials. And in the dialogic contraction we found that the use of disclaim, deny, counter, proclaim, concur, pronounce and the total of dialogic contraction all had a statistically significant difference but except the endorsement. Though on the average we can see that the Korean editorials used more disclaim, deny, counter than Chinese editorials but Chinese editorials used more proclaim, concur, pronounce than Korean editorials. It may suggest that in the Korean editorials expected rebuts were more taken into account and in the Chinese editorials one-sided argument was more preferred. Accordingly, when we teach Korean argumentative writing to CKLs we may need to tell them to use entertain, attribution, disclaim properly to take the expected rebuts into account and use less concur and pronounce. (Seoul National University)


In this paper, we develop a new design approach to wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical interconnects with the objective of designing cost-effective and scalable interconnects. Our design philosophy strikes a balance between switching and conversion costs, and requires wavelength conversion only between two fixed and predefined wavelengths. The proposed design approach exploits the potential of the wavelength exchange optical crossbar (WOC) - a device that can switch signals simultaneously and seamlessly both in space and wavelength domains. We propose a novel crossbar switch that minimizes hardware and control complexity and use it as a building block for developing a new class of three-stage Clos-like WDM optical interconnects. The design space of the proposed interconnect is characterized and its hardware complexity is analyzed. We also show that the proposed crossbar switch and the new class of WDM interconnects admit most existing routing algorithms with simple modifications. In addition, we show that our design approach can be generalized to develop a class of k-stage interconnects, 3 < k les 2 log2 N-1.


The valid study of relationships between pharmacokinetic measurements and clinical effects of psychotropic drugs depends on: (i) analytical methods for the drugs; (ii) the fluid assessed and pharmacokinetic derivations; (iii) clinical assessments and the nature of psychiatric illness; and (iv) statistical work. Standard problems with analytical methods include lack of specificity, unjustified claims for sensitivity, and failure to recognize metabolites as potential analytical contaminants and compounds for separate study. Problems with pharmacokinetic derivations include inappropriate calculations and incorrect assignment of terms such as 'half-life'. Clinical difficulties mostly relate to variations between patient groups, selection procedures and rating methods, and to timing of samples. Statistical controversies concern the calculation of metabolite ratios, pooling of data from drugs and their metabolites, and abuse of statistical techniques. These methodological problems are illustrated by reference to work with phenothiazines, tricyclic antidepressants, lithium, benzodiazepines and anticonvulsants.


This Review outlines the progression, primarily of our own work, but with important contributions from other labs, on the synthesis and properties of multiple vicinally fluorinated alkyl chains and rings. Chain conformations of individual diastereoisomers with -CHF- at adjacent carbons are influenced by stereoelectronic factors associated with the polar C-F bond and the polarised geminal hydrogens. Generally the chain will prefer a conformation which acts to minimise overall molecular polarity, and where the C-F bonds orient away from each other. However when vicinal fluorines are positioned on a ring then conformations are more constrained. The ring will adopt optimal conformations such as a chair in cyclohexane and then C-F bonds can be introduced with a stereochemistry that forces parallel (axial) orientations. In the case of cyclohexane, 1,3-diaxial arrangements of C-F bonds impart considerable polarity to the ring, resulting in an electronegative 'fluorine face' and an electropositive 'hydrogen face'. For all- syn 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexafluorocyclohexane, this arrangement generates an unusually polar aliphatic ring system. Most recently the concept has been extended to the preparation of all- syn 1,2,3-trifluorocyclopropanes, a rigid ring system with fluorines on one face and hydrogens on the other. Log Ps of such compounds indicate that they are significantly more polar than their parent alicyclic hydrocarbons and give some positive indication for a future role of such substituents in medicinal chemistry. Expanding to such a role will require access to improved synthesis methods to these motifs and consequently access to a broader a range of building blocks, however some exciting new methods have emerged recently and these are briefly reviewed.


Nowadays, color concrete pigments are used to revive space in the construction of new buildings, reconstruction existing buildings and squares. Color pigments represent a partial weight replacement of the binder. Color pigmented concrete also has properties like traditional concrete namely high strength, good durability and weather resistance for its variable use. In this paper, characterization and classification of color pigments, using and their influence on the properties of concrete is given. The experimental part of concrete composites studying (with color pigments) includes testing of physical and mechanical properties in comparison to reference sample (without color pigments).


This study is aimed to determine the level of knowledge and understanding of physics teachers to the evaluation of learning and to describe the physics teachers' skills in constructing and analyzing items. This type of research is quantitative descriptive, the technique of data collection is done by survey method using a developed questionnaire instruments. The population in this study is all physics teachers of Senior High School throughout the city of Banda Aceh. Those became the samples were 32 physics teachers of Senior High School randomly selected. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that only physics teachers of SMAN 4, SMAN 7, SMAN 8, SMAN 10 and SMAN 13 Banda Aceh who have very high category of knowledge and understanding level of the learning evaluation and the skills of physics teachers of Senior High School in Banda Aceh in constructing and analyzing the test items have not been satisfactory. © 2017 Science Education Study Program FMIPA UNNES Semarang


Techniques, using physical wedge filter and using dynamic wedge filter and FIF(Field in Field) and ISCT(Irregular Surface Compensating Technique), have been developed according to progress of radiation therapy of breast cancer. Measurement of dose was done to judge the usefulness of technique using three cases, non tissue loss after breast conserving operating and tissue loss after breast conserving operating and mastectomy. Dose indexes of breast tissue, CI (Conformity Index), HI (Homogeneity Index) and QOC (Quality of Coverage), dose index of skin, or dose indexes of lung, volume of 50 percent dose and 20 percent dose were estimated and compared. Using dynamic wedge filter is useful plan at non tissue loss allowing for high dose of lung. FIF and ISCT are useful plan at tissue loss. ISCT is useful plan at mastectomy. Henceforth, we need to apply to valid plan and body type and thorax size.


A quality standard for the ICF-oriented provision of arm supports and robotic arms was designed. To facilitate this new working method, tools were developed in co-creation with all stakeholders. Professionals received training and were asked to apply the new working method among their clients who participated in the intervention group of the OMARM project. To find out whether the provision had changed following the introduction of the quality standard, and to gain insight into the usage of tools and the perceived added value, a process evaluation was conducted after 3, 6 and 9 months by an online survey. In sum, the new working method was applied to 43 of 137 clients, and tools were used 105 times. Opinions on perceived changes, benefit, and practicability varied widely. Although tools were developed in co-creation with all stakeholders, several professionals' satisfaction with the developed way of working is lower than expected and its adoption lags.


Abstract Biological data analysis often deals with lists of genes arising from various studies. The g:Profiler toolset is widely used for finding biological categories enriched in gene lists, conversions between gene identifiers and mappings to their orthologs. The mission of g:Profiler is to provide a reliable service based on up-to-date high quality data in a convenient manner across many evidence types, identifier spaces and organisms. g:Profiler relies on Ensembl as a primary data source and follows their quarterly release cycle while updating the other data sources simultaneously. The current update provides a better user experience due to a modern responsive web interface, standardised API and libraries. The results are delivered through an interactive and configurable web design. Results can be downloaded as publication ready visualisations or delimited text files. In the current update we have extended the support to 467 species and strains, including vertebrates, plants, fungi, insects and parasites. By supporting user uploaded custom GMT files, g:Profiler is now capable of analysing data from any organism. All past releases are maintained for reproducibility and transparency. The 2019 update introduces an extensive technical rewrite making the services faster and more flexible. g:Profiler is freely available at https://biit.cs.ut.ee/gprofiler.


Through giveaways, companies primarily expect to create awareness and strengthen their brands. However, little academic research has examined the effectiveness of giveaways. This paper reports the results of two studies on giveaways' effectiveness. The first study, a laboratory experiment with 678 respondents, finds that giveaways of low quality may have a negative impact on consumers' attitude toward the sponsor brand. In combination with certain types of giveaways, the negative effect is even stronger. Fortunately, results of a second study offer a ray of hope: an experiment with 104 respondents shows that companies can benefit from giveaways as long as the giveaways are personalized.


&NA; In this paper we present the conceptual framework and research design of a national evaluation of the quality of mental healthcare provided to veterans by the Veterans Health Administration, and present results on the reported availability of evidence‐based practices. We used the Donabedian paradigm to design a longitudinal evaluation of the quality of mental healthcare. To evaluate the structure of care we used a combination of survey and administrative data and designed a web‐based facility survey to examine the availability and characteristics of 12 evidence‐based practices and other mental health services. We identified 138 unique facilities that provided mental healthcare to 783,280 veterans. With the exception of opiate substitution therapies, every evidence‐based practice was reported in at least one location in each service network. We use maps to estimate the maximum number of veterans that might benefit from expanding the availability of an evidence‐based practice. We demonstrate the feasibility of overcoming several major challenges typically associated with measuring the quality of healthcare systems. This framework for evaluation of mental healthcare delivery provides a model upon which other stakeholders can continue to build and expand.


Mode delay and material dispersion limit the signal bandwidth of potential fiber communication systems. 200-ps pulses from a krypton laser, mode-locked at three different wavelengths, prove to be adequate for measuring both effects in relatively short fibers (33 m). The results are in good agreement with theory.


We report a new method called metal affinity capture that when coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MAC-MSMS) allows for the selective detection and identification of phosphopeptides in complex mixtures. Phosphopeptides are captured as ternary complexes with Ga(III) or Fe(III) and N(alpha),N(alpha)-bis(carboxymethyl)lysine (LysNTA) in solution and electrosprayed as doubly or triply charged positive ions. The gas-phase complexes uniformly dissociate to produce a common (LysNTA + H)+ ion that is used as a specific marker in precursor ion scans. The advantages of MAC-MSMS over the current methods of phosphopeptide detection are as follows. (1) MAC-MSMS uses metal complexes that self-assemble in solution at pH <5, which is favorable for the production of positive ions by electrospray. (2) Phosphorylation at tyrosine, serine, and threonine is detected by MAC-MSMS. (3) The phosphopeptide peaks in the mass spectra are encoded with the 69Ga-71Ga isotope pattern for selective recognition in mixtures. Detection by MAC-MSMS of singly and multiply phosphorylated peptides in tryptic digests is demonstrated at low-nanomolar protein concentrations.


The two-dimensional scattering of an arbitrary beam of radiation from multiple dielectric cylinders near a dielectric half-space is considered using a general method of images (GMI). The electromagnetic fields are broken down into cylindrical waves so that the boundary conditions for the cylinders can be applied directly. Two approaches for calculating the multiple scattering between the cylinders and the planar interface are compared: the plane-wave integral method and the Fourier series method. The plane-wave integral method involves numerically integrating a plane-wave spectrum for the reflection from the planar interface. The Fourier series method avoids numerical integration but poses problems for evanescent fields. By introducing evanescent field correction terms we are able to show the equivalence of the two methods.


This article explores the different forms of disruptive subjectivity that have developed in the context of the post-2008 global and European crises. The article traces developments both before and after 2008, with a specific focus on events in Spain and the UK. These country contexts are chosen due to their considerable differences in terms of the impact that the crisis had; yet we witness notable similarities with regard to the instances of refusal and resistance observed, especially in terms of the motives held and forms adopted, albeit with differences in scale. The paper presents the results of qualitative research, including 65 in-depth interviews, to highlight the way in which disaffection, the search for voice, and the threat of withdrawal from relations of exploitation, have each become problematic as means of dissent following 2008. As a result, we have seen a merging of these more conventional forms of dissent with a number of more radical prefigurative practices that had been developing prior to 2008. As a result, the stagnation of neoliberal capitalism from 2008 onwards has witnessed the development of a new form of pragmatic prefigurative disruptive subjectivity, responsible for some of the more important and interesting political developments in contemporary advanced industrial democracies. The global economic crisis and the subsequent crisis of the Eurozone have revealed the instability of contemporary capitalism, sharpened inequalities and insecurity, and decreased the responsiveness of democratic states to the demands of their respective populations. The crises, however, have not only altered (and in many cases intensified) structures of domination; they have also led to new forms of agency which disrupt those attempts to consolidate domination. Innovative and developing forms of disruptive agency or disruptive subjectivities have emerged throughout this period, confirming the autonomist Marxist claim that there exists an ever-present capacity for refusal on the part of those targeted for subordination (Tronti 1964). These disruptive subjectivities have had a significant impact upon the post-2008 political economy of the advanced capitalist democracies (Huke et al., 2015).


A number of techniques are available for treatment of epithelial cysts of the anterior chamber.1Recently, cryosurgery has also been used for this purpose, but apparently without success.2The following case report describes the successful cryosurgical removal of an epithelial cyst of the anterior chamber in a patient who had undergone several unsuccessful attempts at cyst removal with other techniques in the past. Report of Case In April 1963, a 75-year-old woman underwent extraction of her right lens because of a cataract. The immediate postoperative course was said to be uneventful. She was lost to follow-up for a period of time, but when seen in December 1964, a cyst was present in the anterior chamber of the right eye. The cyst filled the inferior one third of the chamber and its posterior wall appeared adherent to the iris stroma. The cornea was slightly edematous. Ocular tension, as recorded


Liver-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) is expressed in the cytoplasm of human renal proximal tubules. Renal L-FABP expression is up-regulated and urinary excretion of renal L-FABP is increased by various stressors, such as urinary protein, hyperglycemia, tubular ischemia, toxins, and salt-sensitive hypertension, which lead to the progression of kidney disease. Urinary L-FABP levels accurately reflect the degree of tubulointerstitial damage and are strongly correlated with the prognosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in clinical studies. In patients with type I or type II diabetes, urinary L-FABP levels were reported to be significantly higher in patients with normal levels of urinary albumin than in those with microalbuminuria. Urinary L-FABP may be useful for the early detection of diabetic nephropathy. Furthermore, in a longitudinal study, a higher level of urinary L-FABP was found to be a risk factor for the progression of diabetic nephropathy. With respect to acute kidney disease (AKI), urinary L-FABP facilitates the early detection of AKI before an increase in serum creatinine. Therefore, urinary L-FABP was approved as a new tubular biomarker by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan.


All constitutive models proposed during the last decades for large strain composites with hyperelastic matrix use an intrinsic assumption of affine deformation between the matrix and reinforcing fibres. While for typical technical composites the affinity of deformation between fibres and matrix till high loads is ensured by targeted creation of their chemical bonds, this need not to be the case with soft biological tissues. For instance, this assumption might be disputable for arterial tissues with their matrix consisting of very compliant gel-like proteoglycans. On the other hand, no constitutive model proposed till now has been capable to give a reasonable fit of all mechanical tests of some pathological tissues with low initial stiffness, such as aortic aneurysm wall. Thus, a question occurs whether this discrepancy could not be caused by the intrinsic assumption of affine deformation used in all models. To test the impact of this assumption on the simulated response in some mechanical tests, two finite element models of specimens of arterial tissues were created, both including matrix and fibres separately. The former model mimicked the affine deformation of matrix and fibres by merging all the nodes of both components, while the deformation of fibres was independent of the matrix in the latter model, with exception of both fibre ends. Differences in reaction forces of specimens were evaluated in various strain states and directions with respect to the orientation of fibres. The evaluated differences between models with affine and non-affine deformations were significant but smaller than typical inaccuracies of constitutive models when fitting aortic aneurysm tissues.


The serum IgG and IgA concentrations significantly decreased through the seventh day and the serum IgM and complement (C3 and C4) concentrations through the second day after elective open heart surgery for heart valve disease in a series of 16 patients. A significant increase over the preoperative concentration was seen, however, in the serum IgA, IgM, C3 and C4 on day 14 postoperatively. The serum IgG and IgM concentrations declined significantly only in patients perfused by a bubble oxygenator, although the two small series of patients perfused by bubble and membrane oxygenator did not differ significantly from each other. Parenteral nutrition had no effect on postoperative changes in serum immunoglobulin and complement concentrations.


Purpose
This paper aims to discuss the challenges of conducting research with homelessness services frontline workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach
Between 2015 and 2019, the research team surveyed frontline staff in three cities about their psychosocial stressors and needs. In 2020, the authors replicated the previous study and expanded data collection to seven cities across Canada to determine the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the well-being of frontline staff. This report describes how the authors adapted the research methodologies to continue work throughout the pandemic, despite various restrictions.

Findings
The original studies had very high participation rates because of several methodological approaches that minimized barriers, especially in-person data collection. During the pandemic, distancing requirements precluded replication of these same methods. Research strategies that enabled staff participation during working hours, with designated time allotted for participation, was key for ensuring high participation rates, as access to technology, availability of free time and other factors frequently make online survey research a hardship for these staff. Restrictive interpretation and regional variations of COVID-19 guidelines by some research ethics boards were also a challenge to rapid and responsive data collection.

Originality/value
Few studies describe the experiences of frontline workers in the homelessness sector, and quantitative reports of their experiences are particularly scant. Consequently, little is known about specific methodologies that facilitate large-scale data collection in the homelessness services sector. The present research advances the field by providing lessons learned about best practice approaches in pre and post COVID-19 front line worker contexts. A strength of this research is the well-controlled design. The authors collected data within several of the organizations that had previously participated. This fortunate baseline provided opportunity for comparison before and during the pandemic; the authors can highlight factors that might have had influence during the pandemic.


As a result of the current economic and energy crisis, it has become necessary to rethink
urban planning, starting from a global concept of efficiency and considering buildings not as
isolated entities, but as part of an urban system, which consumes energy on a much larger
scale.
The connection between urban morphology and microclimate is a widely discussed question,
including issues like the urban heat island phenomenon or outdoor comfort in open spaces.
However, there is still a lot of work to be done regarding the influence of these microclimatic
variations on building energy consumption. In that sense, would it be possible to apply
efficient measures of microclimate modification on an urban scale to increase comfort levels
in public spaces while at the same time, reducing building consumption?
This paper focuses on urban canopy shading. Its effectiveness as a shading device and its
capability to improve outdoor climate in areas with an excess of solar radiation is widely
demonstrated. In this case, its effect on indoor climate of is evaluated.
The case study is located in Cordoba (Spain), as an example of a climate with a hot and dry
summer (according to CTE, level 4). A complete street canyon model has been created. Two
buildings, one on each side of the street canyon, have been tested using an energy
simulation software (Design Builder). Model features and simulation settings correspond to
real values. Urban canopy shading effectiveness has been analyzed according to cooling
demand decrease, taking into account both buildings. Spatial factors (street orientation,
width-height ratio, windows-opaque ratio) and material factors (U-values and skin mass, %
obstruction) have been considered.
Results show 18% to 45% cooling demand decrease due to the canopy shading. Spatial
factors are much more relevant than material factors: windows-opaque ratio is a determining
factor, in contrast to mass and U-values. This study shows the importance of evaluating both
urban facades, which means working from an urban perspective beyond the local scale of a
single building.


We are never outside what the anthropologist Gayle Rubin has taught us to call a 'sex gender system': it is the task of cultural critics - anthropologists, literary scholars, classicists, archaeologists - to specify the components and dynamics of such systems as they take cultural form, whether in societies or in artefacts like poems. Sex, sexuality, gender, reproduction, production and ideas about all of these are structurally linked in any society; consider, for example, Levi-Strauss's meditation on exogamy - the exchange or 'traffic in women' between social groups, fundamental to human communities thus far - as the foundational requirement for any human traffic, for society itself. Over the last thirty years scholars and activists have greatly refined our understanding about sex, sexuality and gender: a sex-gender system is not simply about men and women, nor even about 'masculinity' vs. 'femininity', or 'homosexuality' vs. 'heterosexuality'. Each of these categories has a history and a cultural specificity; it is a truism worth repeating that sexuality, gender and ideas thereof are culturally variable. Yet just as the linguist Emile Benveniste observed that nowhere do we find a human society without language, so we might also say that nowhere do we find a human society without a sex-gender system (however debated, brittle or fragile) - some way of organising sexual dimorphism, reproduction and child-rearing.


With the increasing age of the population, the incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) has increased exponentially. The development of novel therapeutic interventions requires an understanding of the involvement of senescent brain cells in the pathogenesis of PD. In this review, we highlight the roles played by microglia in the basal ganglia in the pathophysiological processes of PD. In PD, dopaminergic (DAergic) neuronal degeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) activates the microglia, which then promote DAergic neuronal degeneration by releasing potentially neurotoxic factors, including nitric oxide, cytokines, and reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, microglia are also activated in the basal ganglia outputs (the substantia nigra pars reticulata and the globus pallidus) in response to excess glutamate released from hyperactive subthalamic nuclei-derived synapses. The activated microglia then eliminate the hyperactive glutamatergic synapses. Synapse elimination may be the mechanism underlying the compensation that masks the appearance of PD symptoms despite substantial DAergic neuronal loss. Microglial senescence may correlate with their enhanced neurotoxicity in the SNc and the reduced compensatory actions in the basal ganglia outputs. The dual roles of microglia in different basal ganglia regions make it difficult to develop interventions targeting microglia for PD treatment.


Pimobendan, a calcium sensitizer and phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, has positive inotropic and vasodilatory properties. Its use in patients with naturally occurring congestive heart failure (CHF) has been studied in a number of blinded, randomized, multicenter clinical trials. It has been shown to improve quality of life, reduce heart insufficiency scores, and increase median survival times for patients with CHF due to dilated cardiomyopathy and myxomatous valvular disease. Although most studies have reported positive findings, some potential adverse effects have also been described. Studies are under way to further evaluate the effects of this novel positive inotrope and vasodilator in canine cardiac disease.


This paper presents LIMSI's participation in the User-Centered Health Information Retrieval task (task 2) at the CLEF eHealth 2015 workshop. In our contribution we explored two different strategies to query expansion, i.e. one based on entity recognition using MetaMap and the UMLS, and a second strategy based on disease hypothesis generation using self-constructed external resources such a corpus of Wikipedia pages describing diseases and conditions, and web pages from the Medline Plus health portal. Our best-scoring run was a weighed UMLS-based run which put emphasis on incorporating signs and symptoms recognized in the topic text by MetaMap. This run achieved a P@10 score of 0.262 and nDCG@10 of 0.196, respectively.


[1] The question of plate boundary forces and deep versus shallow asthenospheric uplift has long been debated in intracontinental rift areas, particularly in the Baikal rift zone, Asia, which is colder than other continental rifts. As previous gravity and teleseismic studies support the dominance of opposing mechanisms in the Baikal rift, we reconsidered both data sets and jointly inverted them. This more effective approach brings insight into location of the perturbing bodies related to the extension in this region. Our new joint inversion method allows for inverting the velocity-density relationship with independent model parametrization. We obtain velocity and density models that consistently show (1) crustal heterogeneities that coincide with the main tectonic features at the surface, (2) a faster and denser cratonic mantle NW of Lake Baikal that we relate to the thermal contrast between old and depleted Archean (Siberian platform) and Paleozoic orogenic belt (Sayan-Baikal belt), (3) three-dimensional topographic variations of the crust-mantle boundary with well-located upwarpings, and (4) the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary uplift up to 70 km depth with a NW dip. Our resulting velocity and density models support the idea of a combined influence of lithospheric extension and inherited lithospheric heterogeneities for the origin of the Baikal rift zone. INDEX TERMS: 1234 Geodesy and Gravity: Regional and global gravity anomalies and Earth structure; 7218 Seismology: Lithosphere and upper mantle; 8122 Citation: Tiberi, C., M. Diament, J. Deverchere, C. Petit-Mariani, V. Mikhailov, S. Tikhotsky, and U. Achauer, Deep structure of the Baikal rift zone revealed by joint inversion of gravity and seismology,


The relations of agency (positive focus on self) and unmitigated agency (focus on self to the exclusion of others) to men's quality of life following prostate cancer was examined. Whereas agency was associated with indicators of a good quality of life, unmitigated agency was associated with indicators of a poor quality of life, particularly more intrusive thoughts about the illness, more depressive symptoms, and worse mental functioning over time. The primary psychological mechanism that explained these relations was reduced self-efficacy. Unmitigated agency was associated with feeling less capable of controlling the demands the illness imposed. Unmitigated agency also was associated with adverse changes in bowel and urine function; and changes in bowel and urine function explained the relation of unmitigated agency to poor quality of life.


Objective: to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the first Russian botulinum toxin-A relatox versus botox in treating arm and hand spasticity after ischemic stroke. Patients and methods. A multicenter randomized clinical trial was conducted in 6 centers of the Russian Federation, which covered 160 patients with prior ischemic stroke and upper limb spasticity (an Ashworth scale score of at least 2). Not earlier than 3 months after stroke, a single injection of relatox or botox was made, followed by the evaluation of changes in muscle tone and the presence and severity of adverse events (local and systemic reactions). Results . After relatox injection, all the patients had significantly decreased upper limb muscle tone according to the Ashworth scale (p 0.05). Relatox showed the good tolerability and safety that was comparable to those of the comparison drug. The number of registered local and systemic reactions was low and was not significantly different in both groups (p>0.05). There were no considerable differences in laboratory parameters and electrocardiographic findings in both patient groups (p>0.05). Serious adverse events were not detected during the study either. Conclusion . The findings suggest that relatox is safe and efficient in decreasing upper limb muscle tone in patients after ischemic stroke, which is an important component in the structure of rehabilitation (first of all, functional recovery) of patients with spastic paresis of the upper limb.


We propose a humidity sensing technique based on a periodically micro-tapered long-period fiber grating incorporating low index polymer and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). We effectively suppress sensing uncertainty for measurement of the relative humidity.


Recently, prohibited glucocorticoids (GCs) have been detected in commercial cosmetic products; they have been illegally added to enhance certain pharmacological efficacy and to make illegal profits. Therefore, the health of consumers has been exposed to the adverse effects of these tampered products. In this study, 95 samples are related to skincare, such as lotions, creams, solutions, gels and powders, with deceptive advertisements in the online or offline markets and their compositions were determined. From these samples, 43 GCs (beclomethasone, betamethasone, dexamethasone, budesonide, hydrocortisone, prednisolone, etc.) were simultaneously quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The limit of quantification (LOQ, 1.0–90.0 ng mL−1), recoveries (spiked in cream samples, 84.61–118.34%; spiked in solution samples, 82.51–116.05%) and linearities (spiked in all samples, R2 > 0.99 at 100.0–2000.0 ng mL−1) were measured for method validation. The precisions (RSD) for intra-day and inter-day analysis were less than 14.19% and 12.82%. Also accuracies were 80.24–119.90% and 80.08–117.13%, respectively. The RSD of stability was ≤14.25%. Three of the 43 compounds were detected in the cream and solution forms, betamethasone at 24.2% was the most frequently used adulterant, followed by triamcinolone acetonide (8.4%) and clobetasol propionate (3.2%). The measured concentration ranges for betamethasone, clobetasol propionate, and triamcinolone acetonide were 29.2–331.0 μg g−1, 66.0–119.0 μg g−1, and 15.2–28.6 μg g−1, respectively. Therefore, with respect to public health and safety, the information obtained from this research should be available to the public.


Many waterbodies across Nova Scotia (Canada) have been experiencing algal blooms occurring in large numbers and diversity, without knowledge or understanding about their causes and effects. Algal blooms have appeared in Mattatall Lake (ML) and other lakes of the province in recent years. ML experienced severe algal blooms in 2013. During the fall of 2014, massive algal blooms appeared in ML, and persisted until late December 2014. The blooms have a pattern of being nontoxic in the summer and potentially toxic in the fall-winter season, with nutrients increasing on a monthly basis. This phenomenon is unusual as algal blooms have not been known to last until the winter season or coexist with icy conditions. The dominant species in this bloom was identified to be Anabaena planctonica (Dolicospermum planctonicum) with a cell count around 250 000 cells/mL, which may produce the neurotoxin Anatoxin-a. This cell count is approximately two and a half times higher than the alert level 2 guideline from World Health Organization's drinking water standards (WHO, 2003). The goal of this paper is to use an index (Modified Redfield Ratio, hereafter called MRR) to estimate the HAB occurrence the Mattatall lake (Nova Scotia, Canada), served as a pilot site for our pioneering systematic study in order to evaluate the recent bloom phenomena in the entire province of Nova Scotia.


Schools that employ evidence-based multi-tiered system of supports (MTSS) frameworks, like Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS), invest in core system, data, and practice features to support students, families, and educators. A strong framework enables settings to enhance and adjust their implementation to meet the needs of all students, including students with disabilities, in a range of contexts. Importantly, as schools pivoted among remote, hybrid, and in-person learning modes throughout 2020 and 2021, effective leadership teams used their PBIS framework to successfully navigate these transitions. Based on lessons learned during this period, we present three key recommendations to adapt implementation in response to crises: (1) leverage existing systems, (2) use data to guide decision-making, and (3) pivot practices. To illustrate these recommendations, we describe PBIS implementation in an alternative setting supporting students with disabilities and share examples of how educators used the PBIS framework to meet the challenges presented by new contexts.


The present research investigated the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) among a previously understudied group of Asian nursing professionals in a rural setting. A total of 305 female nurses (84% response rate) were recruited from a university teaching hospital in Yamanashi prefecture, central Japan. Data were gathered by means of a self-reporting questionnaire. Lower back pain (LBP) was the most commonly reported MSD, affecting 59% of all nurses. This was followed by MSD of the shoulder (46.6%), neck (27.9%), knees (16.4%) and upper leg (11.8%). Working in the surgical department was shown to increase the risk of any MSD 2.7 times when compared to nurses in the other departments (odds ratio 2.7, 95% confidence interval 1.2-6.7, P = 0.0202). Overall, our study shows that MSD are reasonably common among registered nurses in a rural Japanese hospital. These staff may also be at greater risk of suffering MSD than their city-based nursing counterparts and foreign colleagues, particularly with respect to LBP.


The method of minimal autonomous blocks is briefly described. A universal code computing reflectivity and transmissivity of discontinuities in waveguide structures was developed on the basis of the MAB method. This technique is applied to the solution of dielectric cylinders, metal ridges and bandpass filters in a rectangular waveguide, as well as on shunt posts in a microstrip line. Special attention was given to E-plane tee junctions in rectangular waveguides; scattering matrices are evaluated and approximated by the proper function with dependence on frequency and branch waveguide height.


We report on the discovery of a new solid phase in cocoa butter, the main structural component of chocolate. We also report on novel effects of shear on the phase behavior of this material. These findings are both of fundamental and industrial interest, since the properties of solid fat networks are determined by their microstructure and polymorphic crystalline state.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to review and provide information regarding characteristic findings, diagnostic work-up, course, and treatment associated with subcutaneous granuloma annulare (SGA).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The medical and surgical records of 47 patients with SGA, who were diagnosed and treated at our institution over the past 26 years, were reviewed.

RESULTS
All patients presented with a painless soft tissue nodule(s) of the extremities or scalp. The mean age at presentation was 4.3 years, with 19% of the patients encountering one or more recurrences. The mean time of recurrence was 10 months. Definitive diagnosis in all patients was made by biopsy, and no patient progressed to any recognized systemic illness or connective tissue disorder.

CONCLUSIONS
SGA is a benign inflammatory skin lesion that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a subcutaneous nodule(s) of the scalp and/or distal extremities of an otherwise healthy child. Because the nodule(s) are benign and may recur with or without surgical biopsy, reassurance is the best management.


A 63-year-old man presented to our hospital suffering from dull pain in his right flank and general malaise.Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a 21X14 cm retroperitoneal tumor adjacent to the right kidney. He underwent extirpation of the tumor,which weighed 2,900 g. Histopathological diagnosis was high-grade myxofibrosarcoma. Six months after initial surgery,CT revealed isolated metastasis in the upper lobe of the left lung,which was surgically treated. Eleven months after the original tumor excision, CT revealed lymph node metastasis dorsal to the inferior vena cava,which was also removed. Because he refused to receive adjuvant chemotherapy,he was observed for 2 months until CT revealed multiple liver metastases and para-aortic lymph node metastasis. He underwent 1 cycle of combined chemotherapy with doxorubicin and carboplatin,but metastatic lesions grew larger rapidly and his general state became too poor to continue chemotherapy. He is under best supportive care 17 months after the initial surgery.


In recent years the fashion industry has experienced a high frequency of famous Creative Directors departing the companies for unknown reasons. The same problem does not seem to occur in the Scandinavian fashion industry. This study's purpose is to explore why Scandinavia does not experience the same problem, contribute a deeper understanding of the leader-designer relationship in the Swedish fashion industry, and to examine how the Scandinavian Cooperative Advantage is applicable in the Swedish fashion industry. Three case studies were conducted at the Swedish fashion companies TRIWA, Baron and Weriseg where both leaders and designers were interviewed. The findings showed that the leaders view their designers as an essential part of the organisation but how they are prioritised depend on the situation. Further more, this study indicates that all of the studied companies have a stakeholder approach, uses a value creating strategy based on cooperation with their stakeholders, are aligned with a typical Swedish organizational culture, and has a Swedish Management Style. Thus this study indicates that the notion of Scandinavian Cooperative Advantage is applicable at the Swedish fashion industry and that this might be a factor for their success.


Recent technological, social, and economic trends and transformations are contributing to the production of what is usually referred to as Big Data. Big Data, which is typically defined by four dimensions -- Volume, Velocity, Veracity, and Variety -- changes the methods and tactics for using, analyzing, and interpreting data, requiring new approaches for data provenance, data processing, data analysis and modeling, and knowledge representation. The use and analysis of Big Data involves several distinct stages from "data acquisition and recording" over "information extraction" and "data integration" to "data modeling and analysis" and "interpretation", each of which introduces challenges that need to be addressed. There also are cross-cutting challenges, which are common challenges that underlie many, sometimes all, of the stages of the data analysis pipeline. These relate to "heterogeneity", "uncertainty", "scale", "timeliness", "privacy" and "human interaction". Using the Big Data analysis pipeline as a guiding framework, this paper examines the challenges arising in the use of Big Data in regional science. The paper concludes with some suggestions for future activities to realize the possibilities and potential for Big Data in regional science.


Summary Reports of Pearsonema plica and Eucoleus böhmi infections in wolves (Canis lupus) in Europe are limited and data on associated lesions are lacking. In the present study urinary bladders, nasal turbinates and faecal samples from 8 necropsied wolves were examined for P. plica and E. böhmi infections and associated lesions. P. plica was identified in the bladder of four wolves. At histological examination, follicular chronic cystitis and eosinophilic cystitis were found. E. böhmi nematodes and eggs were identified from the nasal turbinates and rectal faecal samples of three wolves. Worms and eggs were found embedded in the mucosa among the nasal bone laminae. Two wolves were found coinfected by P. plica and E. böhmi. This is the first report of P. plica and E. böhmi infections in wolves from Italy and the first description of pathological lesions associated with P. plica infection in wolves.


The increasing diversity of the Greek Polychaete fauna over the last seven decades, as illustrated graphically, shows an increasing trend which is proportionately related to the research effort exerted. Ongoing research activities mainly in the depths of the N. Aegean Sea, as a result of which 13 new records have been added to the Greek Polychaete fauna, confirming the above statement. The new species records are presented along with their geographical distribution and habitat. According to the latest checklist of the Greek Polychaeta, 753 species of Polychaetes have been recorded in Greek waters. Finally, it should be noted that 6 Lessepsian migrants and 16 species have been recorded in the Mediterranean for the first time. Their distribution within Greece and worldwide is given and their presence in Greek waters is discussed.


A case history is recorded of a very ill man presenting with a pneumonia unresponsive to conventional therapy and who had diarrhoea, hyponatraemia and hypoalbuminaemia and who responded dramatically to Erythromycin. Indirect fluorescent antibody test titre was positive at 1 : 32 which may be a little disappointing but it would appear that there is little doubt that this was Legionnaires Disease. The surprising aspect, perhaps, is that in the last quarter of the 20th century new bacterial pneumonias are still being discovered.


Abstract AIM: To characterise the prevalence and distribution of radiographic changes in the hocks and stifles of Thoroughbred yearling colts and fillies in New Zealand and compare them with other populations of young horses. METHODS: Repository radiographs taken in New Zealand for the 2003–2006 Thoroughbred national yearling sales were evaluated by two individual readers. The distribution of radiographic changes was classified as left side only, right side only, or bilateral. Lesions were categorised by type, location, and sex of the yearling. Complete sets of hock and stifle radiographs of 1,505 yearlings were evaluated. RESULTS: Osteophytes or enthesophytes were seen radiographically in the distal tarsal joints of 460/1,505 (31%) horses. Osteochondrosis was seen in the tibiotarsal joint of 66/1,505 (4%) horses, and in the femoropatellar joint of 40/1,505 (3%) horses. Radiographic lucency in the distal or axial aspect of the medial femoral condyle was seen in 247/1,505 (16%) horses, and lucencies consistent with subchondral cyst-like lesions were seen in 26/1,505 (2%) horses. No significant difference was seen in the proportion of colts and fillies with radiographic changes in the hock or stifle. The prevalence of osteochondrosis and subchondral cyst-like lesions in the stifles of the yearlings examined were similar to those reported in Thoroughbred yearling sale horses in the United States of America (USA). The prevalence of changes in the distal tarsal joints was similar to those reported in Standardbred and Thoroughbred yearlings from Scandinavia and the USA. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference in the prevalence of osteochondrosis in the hock and stifle, lucencies in the distal medial femoral condyle, or radiographic changes in the distal tarsal joints between colts and fillies. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Establishment of the normal prevalence and distribution of radiographic changes in the hocks and stifles of Thoroughbred yearlings in New Zealand will allow comparison with populations of young horses in other countries. Knowledge of the normal prevalence will assist veterinarians to identify abnormally high or low prevalences on individual farms, to further investigate the pathogenesis of the lesions.


This book explores how copyright laws are perceived within street art and graffiti subcultures to examine how artists and writers view certain creative aspects of their own practice. Drawing on ethnographic research and fieldwork, the book gives voice to the main actors of these communities and highlights their feelings and opinions toward issues that are increasingly impacting their everyday life and work. It also touches on related and complementary issues, such as the 'gallerisation' or economic exploitation of these forms of art and the curious similarities between the graffiti and advertising worlds. Unique and comprehensive, Copyright on the Street brings the 'voice from the street' into the debate over the legal and non-legal protection of street art and graffiti.


Reaction of aryltrimethylammonium iodides with arylzinc chlorides in the absence of a transition-metal catalyst to form biaryl compounds was performed under mild conditions. The reaction was suitable for a broad scope of substrates and exhibited good compatibility of functional groups. The Mg2+ ion was demonstrated to markedly promote the reaction.


The application of Thermoelectric Generators for converting geothermal energy to electricity is investigated in this paper, considering the effects of various parameters on their efficiency. Using renewable energy is one of the latest solutions to tackle climate change, global warming, air pollution, the ozone layer hole, etc. In this regard, a thermoelectric generator (TEG), which is a device for converting heat energy to power, could be used in different renewable energy systems like solar or geothermal. Although their initial cost is lower than the other methods of converting thermal energy to electricity, their efficiency is lower than the most common techniques. Therefore, finding the optimum situation to increase the efficiency of combined devices with TEGs can increase the likelihood of using them in different industries. The parameters investigated in this paper were the temperature of the operating fluid in channels, the optimum mass flow rate, and the channel slope. The results have shown that with increasing temperature differences of the fluid in the channel, the efficiency of the designed system increased significantly. In addition, by increasing the mass flow rate of the operating fluid in the channel, power generation and the whole system efficiency increase up to a certain plateau value. Furthermore, the experimental results have proven that increasing the slope of the channel increased the amount of power generation but has not caused a noticeable change in their efficiency.


Bug reports vary in length, while some bug reports are lengthy, others are too brief to describe bugs in detail. In such a case, duplicate bug reports can serve as valuable resources for enriching bug descriptions. However, existing bug summarization methods mainly focused on summarizing a single bug report. In this paper, we focus on summarizing duplicate bug reports. By doing so, we aim to obtain an informative summary of bug reports while reducing redundant sentences in the summary. We apply several text summarization methods to duplicate bug reports. We then compare summarization results generated by different summarization methods and identify the most effective method for summarizing duplicate bug reports. Our comparative experiment reveals that the extractive multi-document method based on TF-IDF is the most effective in the summarization. This method successfully captures the relevant information from duplicate bug reports, resulting in comprehensive summaries. These results contribute to the advancement of bug summarization techniques, especially in summarizing duplicate bug reports.


The article characterizes the electric power industry in the Arctic regions of Russia. The regions of the eastern zone of the Russian Arctic differ significantly in terms of centralization of power supply. Centralized electricity supply in this territory is represented by only a few isolated functioning energy centers: Norilsk in the north of Krasnoyarsk Territory, Chaun-Bilibinsky, Anadyrsky and Egvekinotsky in the Chukotka Autonomous Region. The Arctic and northern regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are completely located in the decentralized power supply zone. The paper provides a comparative study of energy system structure. The summary of results obtained the key areas of power generation diversification.


As we close out this tenthanniversary volume, we decided to forgo our usual introduction to say just one thing: thank you. As we have often discussed in these pages, the work of producing a journal is one of the most collaborative efforts that happens within English studies. Quite simply, scholarly publishing could not exist without the unpaid and usually largely invisible work of peer reviewers. And our reviewers are among the best. We are deeply grateful to the large number of colleagues who have assisted us as reviewers throughout these ten years. May the names of those who served in 2009 provide a small indicator of the massive debt we owe.


Feature outcome of hippocampus and extra-hippocampal cortices was evaluated in melatonin treated lithium-pilocarpine epileptic rats during early and chronic phases of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). After status epilepticus (SE) induction, 5 and 20 mg/kg melatonin were administered for 14 days or 60 days. All animals were killed 60 days post SE induction and the histological features of the rosrto-caudal axis of the dorsal hippocampus, piriform and entorhinal cortices were evaluated utilizing Nissl, Timm, and synapsin I immunoflorescent staining. Melatonin (20 mg/kg) effect on CA1 and CA3 neurons showed a region-specific pattern along the rostro-caudal axis of the dorsal hippocampus. The number of counted granular cells by melatonin (20 mg/kg) treatment increased along the rostro-caudal axis of the dorsal hippocampus in comparison to the untreated epileptic group. The density of Timm granules in the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus decreased significantly in all melatonin treated groups in comparison to the untreated epileptic animals. The increased density of synapsin I immunoreactivity in the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus of untreated epileptic rats showed a profound decrease following melatonin treatment. There was no neuronal protection in the piriform and entorhinal cortices whatever the melatonin treatment. Long-term melatonin administration as a co-adjuvant probably could reduce the post-lesion histological consequences of TLE in a region-specific pattern along the rostro-caudal axis of the dorsal hippocampus.


The paper studies a possibility of creation of structure interbank cooperative arrangements with the goal to cut down a risk of failure. An attention concentrates on mutually ex-post help among banks which applies for deposit but faced the risk of portfolio that is not exante diversified. An effort of banks to cut down the risk them motivates to a sharing risk. In a tests to explain a role of clearing bank and willingness of banks to tie up themselves behaviour by strength rules for intervention are use numerous features of accessible models but the main focus is on moral hazard.


Abstract The model presented in this paper is the first step towards explaining the mechanisms of ice adhesion. Considerable work, however, remains to validate each term included in the model due to the lack of physical constants and parameters related to rough surfaces. The ice adhesion model at the ice-substrate interface is based on water behavior before and after freezing, substrate roughness and ice type. Within nanoseconds following impact, water occupies the substrate surface either partially before freezing when drops or rivulets form, or totally when a film is formed. The ice surface area in contact with the substrate is reduced due to the space between drops and rivulets. Due to the electrostatic attraction between water and substrate molecules, ice sticks to the substrate. The electrostatic force depends on the intensity of this bond, which is related to the work needed to maintain the drop shape over the surface and the distance between the water and substrate molecules. The water can also sink in and fill the cavities formed by adjacent surface roughness peaks when the surface tension force is less than the water pressure force. Following the phase change, on the order of microseconds for rime ice, and milliseconds for glaze ice, the ice mechanically locks onto the surface and must be broken down to be shed. This paper shows the development of a phenomenological model to predict the cohesive failure of ice, one that does not take into consideration rime ice porosity. The model assumes that ice near its freezing point is subject to internal and external strains, and that its cohesive strength corresponds to the failure stress. The failure stress is dependent on grain size and creep involving grain boundary sliding in a polycrystalline material at elevated temperatures. The next steps in the development of the model are to quantify the physical parameters, validate an idealized rough surface, as well as evaluate the effects of rime ice porosity and small grain sizes.


Abstract A forest management plan based on ecological principles and forest management sustainability was elaborated for the Domogt Sharyn Gol Company, Mongolia. We presented possibility of use of principles and methods traditionally utilized in forest management planning in the Czech Republic. A used methodology was adjusted for the forestry legislature in Mongolia. A stratification of site characteristics and the forest development type concept was used as a framework for assessment of a forest property state via an operational forest inventory. A randomly generalized network of 354 inventory plots on the total area of 3 194 ha with spacing of 300 × 300 m was established for measurements of tree species, natural regeneration and a volume of lying deadwood. We produced a text, table, graph, figure and map material consisted of areal, tree species and wood volume structuring including calculation of decenal logging, thinning treatments, plantation activities and natural regeneration support. This forest management plan provides a feasible perspective not only towards immediate commercial benefits but also towards sustainability of forest yield and other ecological forest functions. This way of management planning is also a save way towards mitigation of current environmental issues in a Mongolian forest landscape.


Most ophthalmologists perform laser trabeculoplasty with a Goldmann three-mirror lens with an anti-reflective coating. The view of the superior angle, which is frequently narrower than the inferior angle, often presents difficulties in treatment. A lens has been devised which gives improved views of the superior portion of the angle. Plano-convex buttons provide magnification and increase resolution for difficult situations.