This work deals with the theoretical investigation of the vibrationally promoted electronic resonance (VIPER) experiment, the intramolecular energy transfer within a rhodamine-BODIPY antenna system initiated by two-photon excitation and a computational study of the photochemical mechanism of the uncaging of the [7-(dimethylamino)coumarin-4-yl]methyl (DEACM) class of photocages . In continuation to Jan von Cosel's work, the setup for the theoretical investigation of the VIPER experiment has been extended to two-photon absorption (TPA) also including the first-order Herzberg-Teller (HT) effects which are dependent on changes with respect to nuclear coordinates. The VIPER experiment constitutes an extended form of two-dimensional infrared (2DIR) spectroscopy with a sequence of infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) or visible (vis) pulses. The molecular system under probe is excited initially by a narrow-band IR pump pulse and then electronically excited by an off-resonant UV/vis pulse. An IR probe pulse is applied afterwards to probe the system and record a 2DIR spectrum in combination with the first pulse. Since the lifetime of the vibrational excitation is very short, the electronic excitation by the UV/vis pulse is used to enlarge the lifetime of the excitation in the molecule and thus enable measurements on a longer timescale. Therefore, it becomes easier to study dynamical photochemical processes on long timescales. In the VIPER experiment with TPA, the UV/vis pulse is replaced by a near-infrared (NIR) pulse which offers an intrinsic 3D resolution, minimzed photodamage, a lower noise level and an increased penetration depth. This makes TPA highly attractive for biological systems among a wide range of other possible applications. The computation of the vibrationally resolved electronic absorption spectra accounts for the Franck-Condon (FC) contributions which are independent of the nuclear framework as well as the HT effects which are dependent on the nuclear coordinates. The FC contributions are dominant for electronically-allowed transitions whereas HT contributions could be important for weakly-allowed or forbidden transitions. Laying emphasis on TPA, the test systems used belong to the category of two-photon active compounds. The initial candidate is dimethylaminonitrodibenzofuran (DMA-NDBF) which has been reported to be a two-photon only caging compound. The other system is a well-known laser dye, a rhodamine derivative of the commercially available rhodamine 101 (Rh101). Rhodamines are also recognized for their excellent TPA characteristics. The findings for both the test systems show interesting contrasts. The one-photon absorption (OPA) and TPA spectrum together with vibronic couplings present the same lineshape in case of DMA- NDBF and also the HT effects have very weak contributions to the vibronic spectrum. Insignificant HT effects are quite typical for electronically allowed transitions. Overall, the NO2 bending mode exhibits the strongest change in the absorption spectrum upon vibrational pre-excitation, even stronger than in the case of different ring distortion modes that usually show a high VIPER activity. In the case of rhodamine, the vibronic OPA spectrum is pre-dominantly the FC spectrum and the HT couplings have a very weak contribution. The vibronic TPA spectrum is entirely dominated by the HT contributions and hence, the vibrationally resolved TPA spectrum of the rhodamine is a HT-only spectrum. Explanations towards this behaviour have been reported by Milojevich et al. which are holding the change in symmetry of the molecular orbital transitions from the ground to the excited state accountable. No significantly VIPER-active normal modes could be determined owing to the low magnitudes of their dimensionless displacements that are connected to the Huang-Rhys factors. Two ring distortion modes however have been probed but the intensity of their vibrational pre-excitation is observed to be very low. The other part of this work is concerned with the estimation of the rate of the intramolecular energy transfer within rhodamine-BODIPY dyads. After the investigations on the prospective rhodamine derivatives, the Rho101 derivative shows the highest TPA activity. This linked together with the BODIPY derivative with styryl substituents through an acetylene bond has been probed theoretically as well as experimentally for the excitation energy transfer (EET). Time-resolved spectroscopic measurements reveal an ultrafast energy transfer process on femtosecond timescales. The theoretical estimation of the EET rates through the Förster theory and the determination of the coupling between the donor and acceptor groups by the transition density cube (TDC) method falls short of the experimental results. Because of this disagreement, quantum dynamics simulations with the multi-layer multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree (ML-MCTDH) method have been performed on an adapted rhodamine-BODIPY molecular dyad which reveal that the energy transfer occurs through transient coherence whose mechanism cannot be described by Förster theory ...


Traditional dwelling in Guanzhong region is one specific kind of architecture whose spatial pattern is character of distinctive local features. With the development of society, the spatial pattern of dwellings in the Guanzhong region changed. This paper taking the dwellings of Zhiyang village that lies in the city of Hancheng in the Guanzhong region of Shaanxi Province for example, the evolution and development of spatial pattern of dwellings under the influence of natural environment, culture, economy, production and life way is studied with the methods that involves the architecture and environmentology based on the field measurement and interview, which can provides some reference for architects to understand and design such houses when involved in.


The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) implemented the Diffusion of Effective Behavioral Interventions Project to disseminate evidence-based behavioral interventions to community-based HIV prevention providers. Through development of intervention-specific technical assistance guides and provision of face-to-face, telephone, and e-mail technical assistance, a range of capacity-building issues were identified. These issues were linked to a proposed agency capacity model for implementing an evidence-based intervention. The model has six domains: organizational environment, governance, and programmatic infrastructure; workforce and professional development; resources and support; motivational forces and readiness; learning from experience; and adjusting to the external environment. We think this model could be used to implement evidence-based interventions by facilitating the selection of best-prepared agencies and by identifying critical areas of capacity building. The model will help us establish a framework for informing future program announcements and predecisional site visit assessments, and in developing an instrument for assessing agency capacity to implement evidence-based interventions.


This paper demonstrates the advantages of the multiple-input transconductor (MI-Gm) in filter application, in terms of topology simplification, increasing filter functions, and minimizing the count of needed active blocks and their consumed power. Further, the filter enjoys high input impedance, uses three MI-Gms and two grounded capacitors, and it offers both inverting and non-inverting versions of low-pass (LPF), high-pass (HPF), band-pass (BPF), band-stop (BS) and all-pass (AP) functions. The filter operates under a supply voltage of 0.5 V and consumes 37 nW, hence it is suitable for extremely low-voltage low-power applications like biosignals processing. The circuit was designed in a Cadence environment using 180 nm CMOS technology from Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). The post-layout simulation results, including Monte Carlo and process, voltage, temperature (PVT) corners for the proposed filter correlate well with the theoretical results that confirm attractive features of the developed filter based on MI-Gm.


: Knowledge acquired over the paste decades on wheat physiology allows for an estimation of the impacts of key climatic factors on wheat physiology, yield components, as well as a quantification of the main climatic risks for the crop. Using historical weather data sets starting in 1955 from a large number of weather stations, we have concluded that a certain number of climatic risks have changed through comparison of two sequences: 1955-1980 and 1981-2005. Despite a significant anticipation of phenological stages, number of grains per m 2 has been significantly affected by an incresase in water stress during stem extension; also, kernel weight is more strongly penalized through the joint effects of increased drought and especially increased heat stress during grain filling. These tendancies vary geographically. Certain regions have been affected early on (mediteranean region), whereas others are almost untouched as yet (western maritime front). Studies using projected future weather data validates this tendancy and allows its extrapolation. We propose adaptation pathways through escape based on varietal earliness and identify new phenological ideotypes and modes of growth better adapted to future risk. As a complement, the interest of selecting for cultivars tolerant to abiotic stresses is put forward, especially cultivars efficient with regards to water use and resistant to high temperatures. For these aspects, simple diagnostic methods and characterization tools are given. Finally, a preliminary analysis of the adaptation of cropping practices (sowing, nitrogen fertilization, lodging control) is initiated.


In this paper, two energy-transfer photochromic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) {[Zn(L)0.5(bpy)]·H2O·DMF}n (1) and {[Zn(L)0.5(bpe)]·2H2O·DMF}n (2) (H4L = 9,9'-(1,4-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(9H-carbazole-3,6-dicarboxylic acid), bpy = 4,4'-bipyridine, bpe = 4,4'-vinylenedipyridine) were designed and synthesized. Both 1 and 2 showed similar pillared-paddle wheel type frameworks with bpy and bpe as the chromophore, respectively, and L4- as the antenna-type light harvester, yielding strut-to-strut energy transfer (antenna behavior) within the well-ordered structures. Among them, 1 displayed excellent energy-transfer photochromic behavior under UV light accompanied by color transformation from colorless to purple. In addition, the photochromic behavior of 1 has obvious, fast, controllable and reversible characteristics. On the other hand, 2 showed a different energy-transfer photochromic behavior in the aspects of color changing, gamut, and sensitivity. The variation has been ascribed to the substitution of chromophore bpy in 1 with bpe in 2, which influences the efficiency of energy transfer within the MOFs. Therefore, with the structural diversity and tunability of MOFs, the sensitivity, color, and gamut of energy-transfer of the photochromic MOFs can be tuned by the appropriate choice of the constitutions of MOFs. This work will provide useful guidance for developing novel energy-transfer photochromic MOF materials.


We present an efficient scenario decomposition algorithm for solving large-scale convex stochastic programming problems that involve a particular class of downside risk measures. The considered risk functionals encompass coherent and convex measures of risk that can be represented as an infimal convolution of a convex certainty equivalent, and include well-known measures, such as conditional value-at-risk, as special cases. The resulting structure of the feasible set is then exploited via iterative solving of relaxed problems, and it is shown that the number of iterations is bounded by a parameter that depends on the problem size. The computational performance of the developed scenario decomposition method is illustrated on portfolio optimization problems involving two families of nonlinear measures of risk, the higher-moment coherent risk measures, and log-exponential convex risk measures. It is demonstrated that for large-scale nonlinear problems the proposed approach can provide up to an order-of-magnitude improvement in computational time in comparison to state-of-the-art solvers, such as CPLEX, Gurobi, and MOSEK.


Jiao and colleagues have developed an estimation framework for measuring the benefits of a multi-cancer screening test, notably in terms of cancer detection and deaths prevented. The approach is clear and attractive. Further developments are likely to include more flexible modeling of sensitivities and specificities. See related article by Jiao et al., p. 38


RATIONALE
Air trapping and ventilation defects on imaging are characteristics of asthma. Airway wall thickening occurs in asthma and is associated with increased bronchial vascularity and vascular permeability. Vascular endothelial cell products have not been explored as a surrogate to mark structural airway changes in asthma.

OBJECTIVES
Determine whether reporters of vascular endothelial cell perturbation correlate with airway imaging metrics in patients with asthma of varying severity.

METHODS
Plasma from Severe Asthma Research Program subjects was analyzed by ELISAs for soluble von Willebrand factor mature protein (VWF:Ag) and propeptide (VWFpp), P-selectin, and platelet factor 4. Additional subjects were analyzed over 48 hours after whole-lung antigen challenge. We calculated ventilation defect volume by hyperpolarized helium-3 magnetic resonance imaging and areas of low signal density by multidetector computed tomography (less than -856 Hounsfield units [HU] at functional residual capacity and -950 HU at total lung capacity [TLC]).

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
VWFpp and VWFpp/Ag ratio correlated with and predicted greater percentage defect volume on hyperpolarized helium-3 magnetic resonance imaging. P-selectin correlated with and predicted greater area of low density on chest multidetector computed tomography less than -950 HU at TLC. Platelet factor 4 did not correlate. Following whole-lung antigen challenge, variation in VWFpp, VWFpp/Ag, and P-selectin among time-points was less than that among subjects, indicating stability and repeatability of the measurements.

CONCLUSIONS
Plasma VWFpp and P-selectin may be useful as surrogates of functional and structural defects that are evident on imaging. The results raise important questions about why VWFpp and P-selectin are associated specifically with different imaging abnormalities.


The massive computational cost for resolving all scales in a turbulent flow makes a direct numerical simulation of the underlying Navier-Stokes equations impossible in most engineering applications. Recent advances in adaptive finite element methods offer a new powerful tool in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The computational cost for simulating turbulent flow can be minimized by adaptively resolution of the mesh, based on a posteriori error estimation. Such adaptive methods have previously been implemented for efficient serial computations, but the extension to an efficient parallel solver is a challenging task. This work concerns the development of an adaptive finite element method that enables efficient computation of time resolved approximations of turbulent flow for complex geometries with a posteriori error control. We present efficient data structures and data decomposition methods for distributed unstructured tetrahedral meshes. Our work also concerns an efficient parallelization of local mesh refinement methods such as recursive longest edge bisection, and the development of an a priori predictive dynamic load balancing method, based on a weighted dual graph. We also address the challenges of emerging supercomputer architectures with the development of new hybrid parallel programming models, combining traditional message passing with lightweight one-sided communication. Our implementation has proven to be both general and efficient, scaling up to more than twelve thousands cores.


We propose a model for thermo-elastic beams, consistent with the parent theory of linear three-dimensional thermo-elasticity and deduced by a suitably version of the Principle of Virtual Powers. Dimensional reduction is achieved by postulating convenient a priori representations for mechanical and thermal displacements, the latter playing the role of an additional kinetic variable. Such representations are regarded as internal constraints, some involving the first, others the second gradient of deformation and thermal displacements; these constraints are maintained not only by reactive stresses and hyper-stresses of the type occurring in non-simple elastic materials of grade two, and by reactive entropy influxes and hyper-influxes.


The incidence of fracture of the upper end of the humerus by age group and sex was studied for a 32-year period from 1950 to 1982. The following numbers of humeral fractures occurred: 1950-1954, 411 fractures; 1961-1964, 552 fractures; 1971-1973, 639 fractures; and 1981-1982, 523 fractures. There was a progressive increase in the age-related incidence in older persons, especially in women. There was a higher incidence of fractures classified as severe in the 1980s compared with the 1950s.


The dynamics of protein binding pockets are crucial for their interaction specificity. Structural flexibility allows proteins to adapt to their individual molecular binding partners and facilitates the binding process. This implies the necessity to consider protein internal motion in determining and predicting binding properties and in designing new binders. Although accounting for protein dynamics presents a challenge for computational approaches, it expands the structural and physicochemical space for compound design and thus offers the prospect of improved binding specificity and selectivity. A cavity on the surface or in the interior of a protein that possesses suitable properties for binding a ligand is usually referred to as a binding pocket. The set of amino acid residues around a binding pocket determines its physicochemical characteristics and, together with its shape and location in a protein, defines its functionality. Residues outside the binding site can also have a long-range effect on the properties of the binding pocket. Cavities with similar functionalities are often conserved across protein families. For example, enzyme active sites are usually concave surfaces that present amino acid residues in a suitable configuration for binding low molecular weight compounds. Macromolecular binding pockets, on the other hand, are located on the protein surface and are often shallower. The mobility of proteins allows the opening, closing, and adaptation of binding pockets to regulate binding processes and specific protein functionalities. For example, channels and tunnels can exist permanently or transiently to transport compounds to and from a binding site. The influence of protein flexibility on binding pockets can vary from small changes to an already existent pocket to the formation of a completely new pocket. Here, we review recent developments in computational methods to detect and define binding pockets and to study pocket dynamics. We introduce five different classes of protein pocket dynamics: (1) appearance/disappearance of a subpocket in an existing pocket; (2) appearance/disappearance of an adjacent pocket on the protein surface in the direct vicinity of an already existing pocket; (3) pocket breathing, which may be caused by side-chain fluctuations or backbone or interdomain vibrational motion; (4) opening/closing of a channel or tunnel, connecting a pocket inside the protein with solvent, including lid motion; and (5) the appearance/disappearance of an allosteric pocket at a site on a protein distinct from an already existing pocket with binding of a ligand to the allosteric binding site affecting the original pocket. We suggest that the class of pocket dynamics, as well as the type and extent of protein motion affecting the binding pocket, should be factors considered in choosing the most appropriate computational approach to study a given binding pocket. Furthermore, we examine the relationship between pocket dynamics classes and induced fit, conformational selection, and gating models of ligand binding on binding kinetics and thermodynamics. We discuss the implications of protein binding pocket dynamics for drug design and conclude with potential future directions for computational analysis of protein binding pocket dynamics.


This paper investigates the dynamics of a rolling disk with three unbalance masses that can slide along radial spokes equispaced in angular orientation. The objective is to design trajectories for the masses that satisfy physical constraints and enable the disk to accelerate or move with constant velocity. The disk is designed to remain vertically upright and is constrained to move along a straight line. We design trajectories for constant acceleration through detailed analysis using a dynamic model. The analysis considers two separate cases; one where the potential energy of the system is conserved, and the other where it continually varies. Whereas trajectories conserving potential energy are limacons, the variable potential energy trajectories are the most general and allow greater acceleration. Following the strategy for constant acceleration maneuvers, we give a simple approach to tracking an acceleration profile and provide simulation results.


Background/Objective:Rib fractures are one of the most specific fractures in child abuse and are among the most common identified, reported in up to 45% of cases. Given rib fractures can be subtle and difficult for even experienced radiologists to identify, a diagnostic tool to improve the detection accuracy would provide value in evaluation of child abuse.The objective of this investigation is to create a machine learning algorithm with the ability to recognize the presence or absence of rib fractures on chest radiographs in pediatric patients less than 3 years old.
Methods:The IU Health radiology archive (DORIS) was searched for reports (Jan 2020-June 2022) for skeletal surveys in patients less than 3 years of age. 3 view chest radiographs (frontal and bilateral oblique) from the surveys were fit into two datasets: no rib fracture or presence of rib fracture. A machine learning model was trained and tested using the constructed datasets with Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) features extracted to refine the prediction accuracy.
Results:The study group contained 100 patients (40 females, mean age 8 months) with 299 radiographs with reported rib fractures. The gender and age-matched control group included 100 patients had 300 radiographs without reported rib fractures. The overall performance accuracy of the trained model was 95.9%. PPV, NPV, sensitivity, and specificity were 96.83%, 88.32%, 87.32%, and 97.09% respectively.
Potential Impact:Given the demonstrated effectiveness of the machine learning model, it could serve as an aid to be used in the interpretation of skeletal surveys for child abuse. More importantly however, it may also be considered as a screening tool in identifying rib fractures in unsuspected patients, such as chest radiographs in the emergency room setting where ribs may not be the primary focus of evaluation and fractures may go overlooked.


Public intelligent services enabled by machine learning algorithms are vulnerable to model extraction attacks that can steal confidential information of the learning models through public queries. Though there are some protection options such as differential privacy (DP) and monitoring, which are considered promising techniques to mitigate this attack, we still find that the vulnerability persists. In this article, we propose an adaptive query-flooding parameter duplication (QPD) attack. The adversary can infer the model information with black-box access and no prior knowledge of any model parameters or training data via QPD. We also develop a defense strategy using DP called monitoring-based DP (MDP) against this new attack. In MDP, we first propose a novel real-time model extraction status assessment scheme called Monitor to evaluate the situation of the model. Then, we design a method to guide the differential privacy budget allocation called APBA adaptively. Finally, all DP-based defenses with MDP could dynamically adjust the amount of noise added in the model response according to the result from Monitor and effectively defends the QPD attack. Furthermore, we thoroughly evaluate and compare the QPD attack and MDP defense performance on real-world models with DP and monitoring protection.


This device for predicting the amount of energy consumption is characterized by being provided with: an acquisition means (110) that acquires road information including path traveling speed information that is predetermined for each path; an air resistance calculation means (140, 150) that, on the basis of the traveling speed information of a path for which traveling is planned, calculates as an air resistance calculation value the air resistance when traveling the path for which traveling is planned by means of a predetermined air resistance calculation formula, and corrects the calculated air resistance calculation value in a manner such that the slower the traveling speed on the path for which traveling is planned, the greater the air resistance when traveling the path for which traveling is planned; and an energy consumption prediction means (130) that, on the basis of the corrected air resistance calculation value, predicts the energy consumption over the path for which traveling is planned.


There is compelling experimental evidence for the viscosity of a fluid to depend on the shear rate as well as the mean normal stress (pressure). Moreover, while the viscosity can vary by several orders of magnitude the density suffers very minor variation, when the range of the pressure is sufficiently large, thereby providing justification for considering the fluid as being incompressible while at the same time possessing a viscosity that is dependent on the pressure. In this article we investigate the mathematical properties of internal unsteady three-dimensional flows of such fluids subject to Navier's slip at the boundary. We establish the long-time existence of a weak solution for large data provided that the viscosity depends on the shear rate and the pressure in a suitably specified manner. This specific relationship however includes the classical Navier-Stokes fluids and power law fluids (with power law index r - 2, r ≤ 2) as special cases. Even for these special cases, the existence results that are being presented are new.


Qualitative interviews were conducted at Denali National Park and Preserve in the 2004 summer use season to improve understanding of recreation visitor experiences in the remote southern portion of the park, including Mount McKinley and the surrounding mountains and glaciers. Descriptions of the experiences of visitors to the mountains and glaciers included elements of isolation, self-reliance, and personal risk, whereas experiences of visitors flying over the area were more focused on scenic grandeur, creating memories, taking photographs, and glacier landings. Devising appropriate management direction and monitoring protocol to sustain this diversity of experiences at the same place is a challenge.


The efficacy of ocean colour remote sensing in assessing the variability of phytoplankton biomass within Saldanha Bay is examined. Satellite estimates of chlorophyll a (Chl a) were obtained using the maximum peak-height (MPH) algorithm on full-resolution (300 m) data from the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS). Subsurface Chl a maxima often occur within Saldanha Bay below the mean detection depth of the satellite (1.5 m) during periods of thermal stratification. Consequently, the MPH product was poorly correlated to in situ data from 4 m depth (r2 and average relative percentage difference [RPD] of 0.094 and 53% respectively); however, the coefficient of determination was much improved if limited to in situ data collected under conditions of mixing (r2 and RPD of 0.869 and 89%, respectively). Composites of monthly MPH Chl a data reveal mean concentrations consistent with in situ seasonal trends of phytoplankton biomass, confirming the capability of the MPH algorithm to qualitatively resolve surface Chl a distribution within the bay.


Blasting roof cutting and pressure relief is an effective technical way to solve the problem of thick and hard roof. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to carry out research on the evolution of cracks between the cut holes of the blasting roof. The univariate comparative analysis method is used to analyze the evolution law of the fissures between the cuts under different factors. Furthermore, it is concluded that the broken zone and fissure zone of the surrounding rock of the single-hole blasting hole wall are symmetrically distributed in the confining pressure environment, and the fissure zone and the surrounding rock fissure zone between the holes show an "X"-shaped continuous ev olution. By analyzing the evolution law of cracks between blasting holes, the critical discriminant equation of penetration between blasting holes under mining stress environment is given, which is used to optimize the technical plan of blasting roof cutting. Engineering practice shows that the blasting roof cutting scheme has achieved a good seam effect, creating good initial conditions for the cutting of thick and hard roofs.


Prenatal detection of congenital abnormalities is increasing, along with the evolving technology and widespread use of ultrasonography in prenatal screening. Musculoskeletal anomalies are noted during prenatal ultrasonography in approximately six of every 1000 pregnancies (0.6%), although approximately 1% to 2% of all newborns have some type of congenital difference and the musculoskeletal system is affected in 10% to 20% of these infants (0.1% to 0.4% of newborns)1,2. The prevalence of skeletal dysplasia is 2.4 per 10,000 live births (0.02%), and the prevalence of limb deficiency is 0.49 per 10,000 births (<0.01%)1,3-5.

The discrepancies between the prevalence of musculoskeletal anomalies seen during prenatal screening and the observed rate of congenital differences in the general population of newborns are likely due to a combination of factors, including selection bias (higher risk patients are more likely to be screened), the fact that many musculoskeletal anomalies are associated with systemic conditions that result in fetal demise or early death, and elective termination of the pregnancy. Evidence that supports these factors includes an estimate that 23% of patients with skeletal dysplasia are stillborn and another 32% die within the first week of life6 as well as the observation that, in nations in which ultrasound screening during the second trimester is commonplace and therapeutic abortion is legal, high rates of pregnancy termination have been reported in association with a diagnosis of congenital differences7.

Since congenital musculoskeletal anomalies are likely to be diagnosed during prenatal screening, orthopaedic surgeons are now consulted by anxious expectant parents during this stressful, emotionally charged time8. In the Advanced Fetal Care Center at our institution, we provide comprehensive, multidisciplinary care for patients and families whose unborn child has been noted to have congenital anomalies on prenatal testing. …


Research on gender segregation-based classroom management and its relation to student achievement at Mts Darullughah Wadda'wah is motivated by the assumption that gender-segregated classes in several schools with religious backgrounds are thought to reduce student achievement. This research uses qualitative methods with a case study design. This research concludes that the Gender Separation Management carried out at Mts Dalwa which is under the auspices of the Dalwa Islamic Boarding School is based on theological and psychological principles. In terms of theology, it is more about being careful so that there are no khtilats that have the potential to lead to wider immorality. Psychologically, the gender separation management at Mts Dalwa believes that men and women have slightly different learning potential. In general, men grow up in a competitive spirit while women thrive in an atmosphere of togetherness. Gender separation management in relation to student achievement also has a positive trend. This is proven by the quite good grades and the students' morals towards asatizah are also relatively good.


This is the first paper of a series which aims to set up the cornerstones of Koszul duality for operads over operadic categories. To this end we single out additional properties of operadic categories under which the theory of quadratic operads and their Koszulity can be developed, parallel to the traditional one by Ginzburg–Kapranov. We then investigate how these extra properties interact with discrete operadic (op)fibrations, which we use as a powerful tool to construct new operadic categories from old ones. We pay particular attention to the operadic category of graphs, giving a full description of this category (and its variants) as an operadic category, and proving that it satisfies all the additional properties.

Our present work provides an answer to a question formulated in Loday's last talk, in 2012: "What encodes types of operads?". In the second and third papers of our series we continue Loday's program by answering his second question: "How to construct Koszul duals to these objects?", and proving Koszulity of some of the most relevant operads.


A reset disturbance compensation scheme is developed to reject midfrequency narrowband disturbances, with an application to the hard disk drives (HDDs). Generally, disturbance at the midfrequency band is not effective to reject through the feedback control based on the internal-model principle or high gain control due to phase stability. This paper investigates a reset control scheme and its favorable approximate frequency response using the describing function. The reset control makes its gain-phase frequency response break through the fundamental Bode's constraint of linear time-invariant system and provides a maximal phase lead at desired frequencies without affecting gain's characteristic. With additional phase lead, the issue of phase stability can be solved. A reset midfrequency narrowband compensator is designed by incorporating the reset controller and a narrowband filter. The implementation on a real HDD servo system shows the removal of midfrequency disturbance due to disk vibration is improved by 50% compared with the linear control scheme, resulting in a track misregistration (TMR) reduction of 32%.


Background
Recent studies show that changes in one of the brain areas related to empathic abilities (i.e. the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex (vmPFC)) plays an important role in violent behavior in abusers of alcohol and cocaine. According to the models of James Blair, empathy is a potential inhibitor of violent behavior. Individuals with less empathic abilities may be less susceptible and motivated to inhibit violent behavior, which causes a higher risk of violence. Recent neuroscientific research shows that modulating (stimulation or inhibition) certain brain areas could be a promising new intervention for substance abuse and to reduce violent behavior, such as the neurostimulation technique Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). This study aims to investigate tDCS as an intervention to increase empathic abilities and reduce violent behavior in forensic substance use offenders.

Methods/design
A total sample of 50 male forensic substance abuse patients (25 active + 25 sham stimulation) will be tested in a double-blind placebo-controlled study, from which half of the patients will receive an active stimulation + treatment as usual (TAU) and the other half will receive a sham stimulation (placebo) + TAU. The patients in the active condition will receive multichannel tDCS stimulation targeting bilateral vmPFC two times a day for 20 minutes for five consecutive days. Before and after the stimulation period, the patients will complete self-report measurements, perform the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm (PSAP) and a passive viewing empathy task. Resting state electroencephalography (rsEEG) will be measured before and after the treatment period. A follow-up will be conducted after six months. Primary outcome is to investigate multichannel tDCS as a new intervention to increase empathic abilities and wit that reduce violent behavior in offenders with substance abuse problems. In addition, it will be studied whether electrophysiological responses in the brain are affected by the tDCS intervention. Lastly the effects of tDCS on reducing craving will be investigated.

Discussion
This study protocol describes the design of an intervention using multichannel tDCS targeting the vmPFC. This study will explore the opportunities to introduce a new intervention to improve empathic abilities and reduce violence in forensic substance use offenders. In addition, this study may help to reduce craving. The study will contribute to knowledge about increasing empathic abilities and the functioning of the vmPFC. Specifically, this study may give insight in how to implement the tDCS intervention in the setting of daily clinical practice for this complex, multiple problem target group and with that contribute to reduction of recidivism.

Trial registration
Dutch Trial Register, identifier: NTR7701. Registered on 12 January 2019; prospectively registered before the recruitment phase. https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/7459


Objective: To evaluate the prognostic value of lymph node metastasis-related indexes in patients with stage N2b colorectal cancer. Methods: Clinicopathologic data of 245 patients with stage N2b colorectal cancer who initially underwent radical operation in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between January 2007 and December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The prognostic values of several indexes, including number of positive lymph nodes, number of negative lymph nodes, lymph node ratio (LNR) and log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) were analyzed. Results: The 5-year overall survival rate of 245 patients with colorectal cancer was 54.0%, and the 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was 48.5%.Univariate analysis showed that perineural or blood vessel invasion, T stage, postoperative adjuvant therapy, number of positive lymph nodes, number of negative lymph nodes, LNR, and LODDS were significantly associated with the 5-year overall survival of colorectal cancer patients (P<0.05). Multivariate cox regression analysis showed that, number of positive lymph nodes, number of negative lymph nodes, LNR, LODDS were all independent prognostic factors for stage N2b colorectal cancer patients (P<0.05). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curves of number of positive lymph node, number of negative lymph nodes, LNR and LODDS were 0.649, 0.667, 0.690 and 0.683, respectively, however, no statistical significance was observed between the number of negative lymph nodes (P=0.622), LNR (P=0.178) or LODDS (P=0.272) and the number of positive lymph nodes. Conclusion: The number of positive lymph nodes, number of negative lymph nodes, LNR and LODDS were all independent prognostic factors for patients with stage N2b colorectal cancer.


Recently there have been considerable interests focusing on the performance evaluation of IEEE 802.11e medium access control (MAC) protocols, which were proposed for supporting quality of services (QoS) in wireless local area networks (WLANs). Different from most existing work, this study has conducted comprehensive performance evaluation and analysis of the IEEE 802.11e enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) protocol in the presence of heterogeneous network traffic including nonbursty Poisson, bursty ON/OFF, and self-similar traffic generated by wireless multimedia applications. The performance results on throughput, access delay and medium utilization have demonstrated that the protocol is able to achieve satisfying QoS differentiation for heterogeneous multimedia traffic. On the other hand the results have showed that IEEE 802.11e EDCA suffering from the low medium utilization due to the overhead generated by transmission collisions and back-off processes


Abstract During the second half of the twentieth century, a time that has been noticeable by rapid urbanization of societies, urban environments have become diminished and dysfunctional. Particularly in the practice of forming urban space and in addition, the design of buildings has been allowed to be bloomed, with the lack of both social and environmental responsibility have turned into revolting influences of the plot. With regards to the Urban Environment, sociological consequences will undermine the amenity value of the social environment if the community and the end user are not satisfied by the incompetence to meet the cultural needs. The absence of cultural perception and environmental ethos proposed by the contemporary buildings and urban landscapes, obviously through ignoring the approaching depletion of natural resources. Architects and urban designers should not disregard signs of global stress that are of social and ecological major consequence. Therefore this paper aims to study the urban environment within architecture and urban design. Based on scientific methodology, the paper reviews the contemporary literature of the environmental goals for the new world through analysing current contemporary work and illustrating the environmental elements in shaping the urban landscape. Finally, the one of the important conclusion is that the Humanistic and environmental resource elements should manage innovative powers in architecture and in shaping the urban landscape. ABSTRACT: During the second half of the twentieth century, a time that has been noticeable by rapid urbanization of societies, urban environments have become diminished and dysfunctional. Particularly in the practice of forming urban space and in addition, the design of buildings has been allowed to be bloomed, with the lack of both social and environmental responsibility have turned into revolting influences of the plot. With regards to the Urban Environment, sociological consequences will undermine the amenity value of the social environment if the community and the end user are not satisfied by the incompetence to meet the cultural needs. The absence of cultural perception and environmental ethos proposed by the contemporary buildings and urban landscapes, obviously through ignoring the approaching depletion of natural resources. Architects and urban designers should not disregard signs of global stress that are of social and ecological major consequence. Therefore this paper aims to study the urban environment within architecture and urban design. Based on scientific methodology, the paper reviews the contemporary literature of the environmental goals for the new world through analysing current contemporary work and illustrating the environmental elements in shaping the urban landscape. Finally, the one of the important conclusion is that the Humanistic and environmental resource elements should manage innovative powers in architecture and in shaping the urban landscape.


This paper describes a Model Order Reduction algorithm for multi-dimensional parameterized systems, based on a sampling procedure which incorporates a low order moment matching paradigm into a multi-point based methodology. The procedure seeks to maximize the subspace generated by a given number of samples, selected among an initial candidate set. The selection is based on a global criteria that chooses the sample whose associated vector adds more information to the existing subspace. However, the initial candidate set can be extremely large for high-dimensional systems, and thus the procedure can be costly. To improve efficiency we propose a scheme to incorporate information from low order moments to the basis with small extra cost, in order to extend the approximation to a wider region around the selected point. This will allow reduction of the initial candidate set without decreasing the level of confidence. We further improve the procedure by generating the global subspace based on the composition of local approximations. To achieve this, the initial candidates will be split into subsets that will be considered as independent regions, and in a first phase the procedure applied locally thus enabling improved efficiency and providing a framework for almost perfect parallelization.


Primary mucosa-associated with a lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a rare distinct subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that occurs in approximately 8% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Primary gastrointestinal MALT lymphoma usually occurs in the stomach, but duodenal involvement is extremely rare. Therefore, the clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis of primary duodenal MALT lymphoma have not yet been validated because of its rarity. This paper reports a case of a 40-year-old male with primary duodenal MALT lymphoma who was treated successfully with radiation therapy alone. A 40-year-old male visited for a medical check-up. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed whitish multi-nodular mucosal lesions in the second and third portions of the duodenum. Biopsy specimens from mucosal lesions in the duodenum were reported to be suspicious for MALT lymphoma of the duodenum. He received a total dose of 3,000 cGy in 15 fractions with external beam radiation therapy for three weeks. Three months after radiation therapy, an endoscopic examination revealed complete resolution of the duodenal lesions. The follow-up 12 months after radiation therapy showed no evidence of tumor recurrence.


Performance improvements in instrumentation for optical imaging have contributed greatly to molecular imaging in living subjects. In order to advance molecular imaging in freely moving, untethered subjects, we designed a miniature vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL)-based biosensor measuring 1cm(3) and weighing 0.7g that accurately detects both fluorophore and tumor-targeted molecular probes in small animals. We integrated a critical enabling component, a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) read-out integrated circuit, which digitized the fluorescence signal to achieve autofluorescence-limited sensitivity. After surgical implantation of the lightweight sensor for two weeks, we obtained continuous and dynamic fluorophore measurements while the subject was un-anesthetized and mobile. The technology demonstrated here represents a critical step in the path toward untethered optical sensing using an integrated optoelectronic implant.


This study was carried out for detection of Salmonella isolates from 309 different apparently healthy samples (97 fecal, 71 bile, 102 intestinal content, 18 livers and 21 spleen) collected from slaughtered sheep in a slaughterhouse in Basra during the period between September to November 2010. The results revealed that the incidence rate of salmonella isolates in fecal samples was 7.2 %, in bile samples 8.5 % and in intestinal content 9.8%. While no isolations were obtained from the liver and spleen samples. The total positive sample of salmonella isolates was 23 (7.4%).


Today, depending on the rapid increase in the usage areas of IoT devices, the installation of wireless sensor networks (WSN), communication with each other and network optimization have gained importance. The sensors used in the 6TiSCH network environment are a structure consisting of nodes with limited energy and limited transmission range. In order for these networks to work with stability and performance in various applications, routing processes are carried out with the RPL protocol within IETF 6TiSCH. In more than one IoT network in the same geographical environment, since the nodes are located without knowing their neighbors, they need to join it by choosing a root node suitable for them in the network. Due to problems such as packet loss in the network, nodes may have to change their root node selections, and the efficiency of the network decreases due to such situations. The RPL protocol is contained in IETF 6TiSCH. In this direction, as a solution approach; With the algorithm developed with the RPL infrastructure, in order to ensure the correct and dynamic management and optimization of the nodes, different prefixes and channel assignment will be provided. After the tests, a great improvement was achieved in the node balancing, root node selection and message transmission amounts in the neighboring networks.


AUTHOR Dormant, Diane; Byers, Kathy TITLE Facilitating Educational Change. Training Workshop. Initiating Change Through Inservice Education: A Topical Instructional Modules Series. INSTITUTION National Inservice Network, Bloomington, Ind. SPONS AGENCY Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services (ED), Washington, DC. Div. of Personnel 'Preparation. PUB DATE May 81 GRANT G00781840 NOTE 94p.


Objectives:This report describes a patient with right putaminal hemorrhage who showed ipsilateral (right-sided) neglect. Background:Although lesions to subcortical regions may result in contralateral hemispatial neglect, ipsilateral neglect from putaminal damage has not been reported. It has been posited that ipsilateral neglect from unilateral frontal lesions may be induced by a contralateral attentional grasp. This patient's putaminal hemorrhage may have induced frontal dysfunction with an attentional grasp. Methods:Because distracting stimuli, as well as close (vs. far) spatial position, may alter an attentional grasp and because fatigue may compromise the ability to disengage, we tested the patient with repeated trials of line bisection in peripersonal (close) and extrapersonal (far) space with left-sided, right-sided, and both-sided distractors. Results:The patient's leftward bias increased with repeated trials, particularly with those in the close condition and with left-sided distractors. Conclusions:Right putaminal hemorrhage may produce ipsilateral neglect. Our patient's putaminal-white matter injury may have induced frontal dysfunction, and, with repeated trials, his right basal ganglia-frontal network may have fatigued. This fatigue, together with left-sided distractors in the close condition, seemed to increase his contralateral attentional grasp.


Ketamine hydrochloride for injection is a rapid-acting general anesthetic agent. To avoid an out-of-stock situation for this drug at the desired concentration for administration to patients (10 mg/mL), the author's institution investigated the chemical stability of a diluted solution of the concentrated formulation (50 mg/mL), packaged for storage in glass vials. The only difference between the 2 initial formulations was the amount of active pharmaceutical ingredient present. The chemical stability of ketamine diluted to either 1 mg/mL with normal saline or 10 mg/mL with sterile water for injection and packaged in plastic syringes has been studied previously. The more dilute solution was stable for 12 months when stored at 4°C, 25°C, or 40°C, whereas the more concentrated solution was stable for 30 days at 25°C. The purpose of the current study was to determine the chemical stability and physical compatibility of ketamine after dilution of a 50 mg/mL solution to 10 mg/mL with sterile water for injection, packaging in glass vials, and storage at room temperature with exposure to light. A stock solution of ketamine hydrochloride (50 mg/mL; Sandoz, lot 129290) was aseptically diluted 1 in 5 with sterile water for injection. The resulting solution was then transferred into twenty-one 5-mL glass vials and stored at room temperature with exposure to light. On day 0, 3 vials were collected and frozen at –70°C for analysis at a later date. Similarly, on each of days 7, 14, 28, 56, 91, and 182, 3 vials were collected and frozen at –70°C. On the day of analysis, all of the vials were allowed to thaw for 2 h at room temperature. Each sample was further diluted by combining 20 μL of solution with 100 μL of internal standard (phenol, 0.3 mg/mL) and 880 μL of 25% acetonitrile solution. A previously validated high-performance liquid chromatography method was used to assay the samples in duplicate. The pH of the solutions was monitored with a calibrated pH meter. Colour and clarity were monitored by the naked eye, with the aid of white and black backgrounds. After 182 days storage at room temperature, the concentration of all samples remained above 90% (mean 96.2%; see Table 1). The pH increased only slightly, from 4.74 to 4.90. Neither colour nor clarity of the samples changed over time. On the basis of these results, it can be concluded that ketamine hydrochloride for injection 50 mg/mL, diluted to 10 mg/mL with sterile water for injection and packaged in glass vials, may be regarded as chemically stable after storage for up to 182 days at room temperature with exposure to light. References 1. Stucki MC, Fleury-Souverain S, Sautter AM, Sadeghipour F, Bonnabry P. Development of ready-to-use ketamine hydrochloride syringes for safe use in post-operative pain. Eur J Hosp Pharm Sci. 2008;14(1):14-8. 2. Gupta VD. Stability of ketamine hydrochloride injection after reconstitution in water for injection and storage in 1-mL tuberculin polypropylene syringes for pediatric use. Int J Pharm Compound. 2002;6(4):316-7. 3. Donnelly RF. Physical compatibility and chemical stability of ketamine–morphine mixtures in polypropylene syringes. Can J Hosp Pharm. 2009;62(1):28-33.


Unsupervised optical flow estimation is especially hard near occlusions and motion boundaries and in low-texture regions. We show that additional information such as semantics and domain knowledge can help better constrain this problem. We introduce SemARFlow, an unsupervised optical flow network designed for autonomous driving data that takes estimated semantic segmentation masks as additional inputs. This additional information is injected into the encoder and into a learned upsampler that refines the flow output. In addition, a simple yet effective semantic augmentation module provides self-supervision when learning flow and its boundaries for vehicles, poles, and sky. Together, these injections of semantic information improve the KITTI-2015 optical flow test error rate from 11.80% to 8.38%. We also show visible improvements around object boundaries as well as a greater ability to generalize across datasets. Code is available at https://github.com/duke-vision/semantic-unsup-flow-release.


Objective: The purpose of this study is to review the clinical experience and performance of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) method, using cell-free DNAto detect chromosomes 21, 18, 13, X, and Y abnormalities in over 7910 clinical samples from South Korean population. Method: Pregnant women between 1st of November 2015 to 18th of February 2018, with obstetric clinical findings participated in the study. NIPT was performed based on masivelly parallel sequencing with 0.3× low coverage paired-end sequencing using cell-free DNA in maternal plasma. Further invasive prenatal testing was recommended for pregnant women with positive NIPT results. Results: Of the total 7910 participants, 7890 (99.75%) were tested for NIPT and the remaining 20 (0.25%) were below the Quality Control (QC) standards. T13, T18, XXX, XXY and XYY had 100% of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV) and accuracy. The overall sensitivity was 100% and specificity, PPV and accuracy of all chromosomal abnormalities with further validation were 99.92%, 94.25%, and, 99.92% respectively. Conclusion: Our NIPT results showed high positive predictive value for the detection of autosomal trisomies and sex chromosome aneuploidies in our sample cohort.


A field experiment was conducted during rabi seasons of 2006-07 and 2007-08 at Research Farm of R.B.S. College of Agriculture, Bichpuri, (U.P.) to work out productivity and economics of intercropping of different pulses, linseed and potato with mustard (Brassica juncea) on sandy loam soils of Agra region. Soil of the experimental plots was sandy loam in texture, with pH 7.9, poor in organic carbon (0.30%) and medium in P and K status (15.6 kg P2O5 and 214.2 kg K2O/ha). The treatments were replicated four times in randomized block design with plot size of 5.0m × 3.6 m. The results showed that mustard yield was significantly higher when grown as a sole crop than that grown as intercrop with other crops. Among the intercropping treatments, intercropping of pulses and linseed with mustard produced significantly higher yield of mustard than that of intercropping with potato. Also, in terms of net return it was found that intercropping of potato with mustard in 1:3 row proportion was found better than sole crop of mustard thus showing the higher degree of efficiency and compatibility of the said intercropping treatment.


Is the Solar System unique, or are planets ubiquitous in the universe? The answer to this long-standing question implies the understanding of planet formation, but perhaps more relevant, the observational assessment of the existence of other worlds and their frequency in the galaxy.
 The detection of planets orbiting other suns has always been a challenging task. Fortunately, technological progress together with significant development in data reduction and analysis processes allowed astronomers to finally succeed. The methods used so far are mostly based on indirect approaches, able to detect the influence of the planets on the stellar motion (dynamical methods) or the planet's shadow as it crosses the stellar disk (transit method). For a growing number of favorable cases, direct imaging has also been successful. The combination of different methods also allowed probing planet interiors, composition, temperature, atmospheres, and orbital architecture. Overall, one can confidently state that planets are common around solar-type stars, low mass planets being the most frequent among them.
 Despite all the progress, the discovery and characterization of temperate Earth-like worlds, similar to the Earth in both mass and composition and thus potential islands of life in the universe, is still a challenging task. Their low amplitude signals are difficult to detect and are often submerged by the noise produced by different instrumentation sources and astrophysical processes. However, the dawn of a new generation of ground and space-based instruments and missions is promising a new era in this domain.


Solution processible photovoltaics (PV) are poised to play an important role in scalable manufacturing of low-cost solar cells. Electrospray is uniquely suited for fabricating PVs due to its several desirable characteristics of an ideal manufacturing process such as compatibility with roll-to-roll production processes, tunability and uniformity of droplet size, capability of operating at atmospheric pressure, and negligible material waste and nano structures. This review begins with an introduction of the fundamentals and unique properties of electrospray. We put emphasis on the evaporation time and residence time that jointly affect the deposition outcome. Then we review the efforts of electrospray printing polymer solar cells, perovskite solar cells, and dye sensitized solar cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate the advantages of electrospray for solution processed PV. Electrospray has also exhibited the capability of producing uniform films as well as nanostructured and even multiscale films. So far, the electrospray has been found to improve active layer morphology, and create devices with efficiencies comparable with that of spin-coating. Finally, we discuss challenges and research opportunities that enable electrospray to become a mainstream technique for industrial scale production.


Far away from the hard theory of representations, we study the noncommutative Fourier analysis on the (2, 3, 5) group (called the Cartan group 5 G , or the generalized Dido problem), which can be shown to be a semi-direct product of three real vector groups. This led to the construction of a larger group to introduce the Fourier transform and obtain the Plancherel formula on . 5 G We denote the complexified universal enveloping algebra of the real Lie algebra of 5 G by , U and prove that U is globally solvable. Further, we obtain the classification of all right ideals in the group algebra of . 5 G Finally, by Hormander theory, we solve the division problem of distributions on this group.


For any integer $k\geq 1$ and any graph $G=(V,E)$ with minimum degree at least $k-1$, we define a function $f:V\rightarrow \{0,1,2\}$ as a Roman $k$-tuple dominating function on $G$ if for any vertex $v$ with $f(v)=0$ there exist at least $k$ and for any vertex $v$ with $f(v)\neq 0$ at least $k-1$ vertices in its neighborhood with $f(w)=2$. The minimum weight of a Roman $k$-tuple dominating function $f$ on $G$ is called the Roman $k$-tuple domination number of the graph where the weight of $f$ is $f(V)=\sum_{v\in V}f(v)$.
In this paper, we initiate to study the Roman $k$-tuple domination number of a graph, by giving some sharp bounds for the Roman $k$-tuple domination number of a garph, the Mycieleskian of a graph, and the corona graphs. Also finding the Roman $k$-tuple domination number of some known graphs is our other goal. Some of our results extend these one given by Cockayne and et al.} in 2004 for the Roman domination number.


We theoretically study the dynamics and the mode-locking properties of semiconductor Fabry-Perot lasers with intracavity saturable absorber by using a travelling-wave model and a time-domain description of the optical response of the semiconductor materials. Our description enables us to incorporate important features as for instance the abrupt spectral variations of the absorption in the saturable absorber. We analyze the influence of several key parameters that affect the stability of the mode-locking regime and show that this modelling approach can be used, upon proper fitting of the material parameters, for optimization of the design of semiconductor mode-locked lasers.


Paracolostomy hernias are a relatively common complication of ostomy construction. The aim of this prospective study is to determine the prevalence of paracolostomy hernia at NCI, as well as evaluation of intra-abdominal prosthetic mesh repair of Byers with some modification. The prevalence of paracolostomy hernia was 27.3%. Twenty patients underwent paracolostomy hernia repair between July 1996 and June 1999. The main outcome measures were hernia recurrence together with short and long term complications. After a mean follow-up of 26±10 months, only 3 patients developed hernia recurrence. Two patients developed wound sepsis at the laparotomy incision and 2 other patients developed sepsis at ostomy site after excision of excess skin. None of them warranted mesh removal for wound infection. No other ostomy problems such as prolapse, fistulization, stenosis or retraction has resulted after successful repair. This method of paracolostomy hernia repair is technically easy and has excellent results. It is especially suitable in very large hernias.


The increasing demands for a better system performance and quality have led to the development of the automation of technical process. However, the system dependability and reliability to overcome the fault in the system is the issues that being addressed regarding the design of control and automation system. There are many research regarding the Fault Detection and Diagnosis (FDD) that has been conducted to enhance the reliability of the system in the plant process. Artificial intelligence such as neural network is one of the powerful tools in detecting and diagnosis the fault occurred. The ability of the neural networks to learn from the experience or past data has shown a great impact in the fault detection efficiency. Apart from that, statistical method which is based on the past data also is being proven to improve the accuracy of the fault detection in any fields. Thus, this preliminary report contains five chapters which are the introduction, literature review, methodology, result and discussion and finally conclusion. The first chapter of the report will give the overview of the project along with the problem statements. Based on the problem statements, the objectives of the project are being derived. The main objective is to develop the best fault detection model to be implemented in the gas transportation system. Next, the second chapter is to review the past research and study in this area in order to synthesize and obtaining information on how the fault detection can be done by using statistical and artificial intelligence methods. On the other hand, the third chapter will outline the project planning and activities throughout the time frame given. The methodology on how the project will be executed also being explained in this chapter. Next, in Chapter 4, the findings and results will be discussed based on the methodology outlined in the previous chapter. Finally, Chapter 5 will summarize and conclude the future planning of the project


BACKGROUND
A number of interpersonal phenomena have been linked to depression, including sense of belonging, social support, conflict, and loneliness.

OBJECTIVES
To examine the effects of the interpersonal phenomena of sense of belonging, social support, loneliness, and conflict on depression, and to describe the predictive value of sense of belonging for depression in the context of other interpersonal phenomenon.

METHOD
A sample of clients with major depressive disorder and students in a midwestern community college participated in the study by completing questionnaires.

RESULTS
Path analysis showed significant direct paths as postulated, with 64% of the variance of depression explained by the variables in the model. Social support had only an indirect effect on depression, and this finding supported the buffer theory of social support. Sense of belonging was a better predictor of depression.

CONCLUSIONS
The study findings emphasize the importance of relationship-oriented experiences as part of assessment and intervention strategies for individuals with depression.


Topological insulator nanowires with uniform cross section, combined with a magnetic flux, can host both perfectly transmitted mode and Majorana zero modes. Here we consider nanowires with rippled surfaces---specifically, wires with a circular cross section with a radius varying along its axis---and calculate their transport properties. At zero doping, chiral symmetry places the clean wires (no impurities) in the AIII symmetry class, which results in a Z topological classification. A magnetic flux threading the wire tunes between the topologically distinct insulating phases, with perfect transmission obtained at the phase transition. We derive an analytical expression for the exact flux value at the transition. Both doping and disorder breaks the chiral symmetry and the perfect transmission. At finite doping, the interplay of surface ripples and disorder with the magnetic flux modifies quantum interference such that the amplitude of Aharonov-Bohm oscillations reduces with increasing flux, in contrast to wires with uniform surfaces where it is flux-independent.


This study was carried out to quantify the transfer of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) from commercial fish feed into the edible part of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) under normal rearing conditions. Trout were fed with high-energy feed for salmon (fat content 26–30%) over a period of 19 months. The average weight of the fish increased from 10 g to more than 2092 g, reaching a size of up to 51-cm length (Tl). Considerable amounts of PCDDs and PCDFs were transferred from the fish feed into the tissue of the trout. Dioxin concentrations increased during the time of feeding from 0.054 up to 0.914 ng WHO-PCDD/F-TEQs kg−1 wet weight and from 4.991 to 15.815 ng WHO-PCDD/F-TEQs kg−1 fat. A correlation was found between the dioxin concentration of the feed and the resulting concentration in the fat of the muscle tissue. The data allow the establishment of transfer rates from a high-energy diet to farmed rainbow trout.


Rainfall and temperature are the two important weather factors that affect crop yields due to their direct and indirect influences on agricultural practices. This study has negated the method of direct use of meteorological factors (either monthly or seasonal), in multiple regression analysis to measure weather impact on crop yield where rainfall and temperature are incorporated in the model as increasing monotonic functions of yield. With evidences from Odisha, where agriculture is rainfed and weather-dependent, the study has advocated the incorporation of 'aridity index' variable in the regression model. The use of composite aridity index variable in econometric model has made the analysis more easy and logical. More importantly, the use of aridity index saves the 'degrees of freedom' which is very crucial in econometric analysis. In addition, the ambiguity of using the linear trend to proxy for technological progress is taken care of adequately by using cubic function of time. The testing of hypothesis of changing rainfall dependency has established the fact that the dependence of agriculture on rainfall in Odisha has declined slightly possibly because of the developments in irrigation and other facilities.


Social insects can achieve remarkable outcomes, various examples can be found in ants, bees, etc. Inspired by social insects, swarm robotic research considers coordinating a group of relatively simple and autonomous robots to finish tasks collaboratively based on direct or indirect interactions. Such systems can offer advantages of robustness, flexibility and scalability, just like social insects. For many years, various researchers have endeavoured to design intelligent artificial swarms and many hardware-based swarm robots have been implemented. One assumption that made by a majority of swarm robotic researchers, particularly in software simulation is that a robotic swarm is a group of identical robots, there is no difference between any two of them. However, differences among hardware robots are unavoidable, which exist in robotic sensors, actuators, etc. These hardware differences, albeit small, can affect the robots' response to the environment. Moreover, hardware differences can provoke robots' heterogeneity which then profoundly influence swarm performance due to the non-linearity in the controller and uncertainty in the environment. Nevertheless, questions about how hardware differences influence swarm performance and how to make use of them remain a research challenge. In this work, the issue of hardware variation in swarm robots is investigated. Specifically swarm robots with hardware variations are modelled and simulated in a line following scenario. It is found that even small hardware variations can result in behavioural heterogeneity. Although the variations can be compensated by the software controller in training, the hardware variations and resulting differences in training are amplified in the interactions between the robot and the environment. To know how exactly hardware variation influence robotic behaviours, a novel approach, inspired by the chromatography method in chemistry, is proposed to sort swarm robots according to their hardware circumstances. This method is based on a large number of interactions between robots and the environment. Individual robot's unique hardware circumstance determines its unique decision making and reaction during each robotic controlling step, and these unique microscopic reactions accumulate and contribute to the robot's macroscopic behaviour. The behavioural sorting results show that the behaviour of an individual robot is not determined by a single parameter but by the combination of multiple hardware factors. Different combinations of hardware parameters can help robots achieve similar behaviours. The efficiency of the behavioural sorting method is investigated, particularly the influence of the robot's controller and environmental factor. By simulating various combinations of robots with different integration lengths of the controller and arenas with different pattern densities, it is discovered that if the robots' ability to memorise previous events is coupled with the density of the sorting arena, better sorting results can be achieved. This work is regarded as an initial investigation into the issue of unavoidable hardware differences between swarm robots. Given the research outcome and that real swarms will necessarily show hardware variations, it is therefore necessary to contemplate current swarm algorithms in the context of diverse robot populations. In addition, a new research field of swarm chromatography for sorting robotic behaviours to improve swarm efficiency is initiated.


This paper presents a generalized excitation control design that ensures not only a desired damping of the critical electro-mechanical modes of oscillation but also the zeroing of the terminal voltage error independent of terminal voltage excursions. The excitation system consists of a compensation transfer function utilizing the machine speed or terminal frequency and/or electrical power. A comparison of the proposed design with a conventional excitation system control indicated its effectiveness in enhancing small scale as well as large scale system stability.


Abstract Cr K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra were recorded on Cr:MgO periclase and Cr:(Mg,Fe)O ferropericlase synthesized at different pressures (4 and 12 GPa) and temperatures (1200 to 1400 °C) at reducing oxygen fugacity conditions (~iron-wüstite buffer IW to IW - 2), and on Cr:MgSiO3 perovskite with 0.5 wt% Cr2O3. 57Fe Mössbauer spectra were collected on the Fe-containing samples. The aim of the study was to determine the Cr oxidation state in phases found in the Earth.s lower mantle, and to examine the possible relationship with the Fe oxidation state in the same materials. To calculate the amount of Cr2+, the intensity of the shoulder at the low-energy side of the edge crest was quantified using the area of the corresponding peak in the derivative XANES spectra (Berry and O.Neill 2004). In Cr:(Mg,Fe)O the relative Cr2+ content reached at most 12.5% but results from Mössbauer spectroscopy combined with chemical composition data suggest that some Cr2+ oxidized during cooling through the reaction Cr2+ + Fe3+ → Cr3+ + Fe2+. In iron-free Cr:MgO, the Cr2+ content is much higher and reaches ~40%. In Cr:MgSiO3 perovskite with 0.006 Cr pfu (similar to estimated lower mantle abundance), chromium is mainly divalent.


In the framework of the program on medical applications a compact 750 MHz RFQ has been designed and built to be used as an injector for a hadron therapy linac. This RFQ was designed to accelerate protons to an energy of 5 MeV within only 2 m length. It is divided into four segments and equipped with 32 tuners in total. The length of the RFQ corresponds to 5λ which is considered to be close to the limit for field adjustment using only piston tuners. Moreover the high frequency, which is about double the frequency of existing RFQs, results in a sensitive structure and requires careful tuning. In this paper we present the tuning algorithm, the tuning procedure and rf measurements of the RFQ.


A technique is described for the measurement of fluid flow using an optical-fibre transducer. The flowmeter has no mechanical moving parts and causes no pressure drop in the liquid stream. The optical system and the detection electronics are intrinsically very simple. Results from a prototype meter are given, and improvements in this design, particularly in the turbulence characteristics of the meter tube, should improve measurement accuracy to an estimated ±5%.


ABSTRACT The Newcastle Disease (ND) virus causes the most important disease in chicken, and very contagiuos in poultry in many countries. In Indonesia the Newcastle Disease or is called tetelo became endemic in chicken currently, the ND virus of genotype VII caused morbidity 100% and mortality 80% in chicken. The fusion and haemaglutinin-neuraminidase protein are involved in adhesion to the surface of hert cells to antibodies. HN and F protein induced by the ND vaccines have neutralizing effects. The aim of this study was to compare the antibody level and protection of several ND vaccine genotypes (genotype I, II, VI and VII) in chicken against ND virus chicken / Indonesia/GTT/11 genotype VII. Our result showed that all genotype ND vaccines (I, II, VI dan VII) produce 100% protection in chicken from clinical and mortality, but the challenge virus excretion in chickens vaccinated with ND vaccine VII genotypes were significantly different (p <0.05) to other groups. Response of antibody in chicken vaccinated ND genotype VII show highest mean titer (GMT 122) compered other ND vaccine. In onclusion, the ND virus chicken/Indonesia/ GTT/11 genotype VII is good to be used as inactive vaccine seed, which appropriate to the field virus circulating at this time. Keywords: virus, Newcastle Disease, genotype, vaccine


This article has focused on "ultra vires doctrine" in the common law to find out how Korean civil law has interpreted the article 34 of civil code based on this doctrine. Recently, the number of Korean legal scholars participates in the movement to review and amend the entire of Korean civil code. Personally, I support this movement and would like to encourage them to strongly move forward. In this mood, this article tries to show how the common law has developed this doctrine and how this doctrine plays a role in the article 34 of civil code for the possibility of its amendment. In England, "ultra vires doctrine" has also been interpreted based on a company's capacity. In general, the validity of an act done by charitable and profit companies shall not be called into question on the ground of lack of capacity by reason of anything in the company's constitution. However, this ground may be challenged if a person does not know at the time the act is done that the company is a charity, or a person gives full consideration in money or money's worth in relation to the act in question and does not know (1) that the act is not permitted by the company's constitution, or (2) that the act is beyond the powers of the directors. In the United States, every nonprofit and profit corporations have perpetual duration and succession in its corporate name and has the same powers as an individual to do all things necessary or convenient to carry out its affairs including, without limitation, power. First of all, the validity of an act done by a company shall not be called into question on the ground of lack of capacity by reason of anything in the company's constitution. However, a corporation's power to act may be challenged (1) in a proceeding by a shareholder against the corporation to enjoin the act, (2) in a proceeding by the corporation, directly, derivatively, or through a receiver, trustee, or other legal representative, against an incumbent or former director, officer, employee, or agent of the corporation, or (3) in a proceeding by the attorney general. In Korea, commercial law scholars have claimed that "ultra vires doctrine" should be abolished in the filed of corporation law. On the other hand, civil law scholars have been reluctant to express their own view to abolish this doctrine. Instead, they have provided new interpretation by narrowing "ultra vires doctrine". Since "ultra vires doctrine" is deemed not easily abolished in the field of civil law unlike in corporation law, the alternatives like different interpretation or amendment in different fields are necessary for "ultra vires doctrine". This article has explored "ultra vires doctrine" in England and U.S. in order to provide basic study for the alternatives.


We propose that face-to-face contact fosters the development of rapport and thereby helps negotiators coordinate on mutually beneficial settlements in mixed-motive conflicts. Specifically, we investigate whether, in a cooperative climate, negotiators' visual access to each other's nonverbal behavior fosters a dyadic state of rapport that facilitates mutual cooperation. Experiment 1 manipulated whether negotiators stood face-to-face or side-by-side (unable to see each other) in a simulated strike negotiation. Face-to-face dyads were more likely to coordinate on a settlement early in the strike, resulting in higher joint gains. An alternative interpretation in terms of an anticipatory effect of face-to-face contact was not supported. Experiment 2 manipulated whether previously unacquainted negotiators conversed face-to-face or by telephone before separating to play a conflict game with the structure of a Prisoner's Dilemma game. Face-to-face dyads were more likely to coordinate on high joint gain outcomes. The facilitatory effect of face-to-face contact was statistically mediated by a measure of dyadic rapport. Results did not support alternative interpretations based on individual-level positive affect or expectations about opponents. We conclude with a discussion of the role of affective and dyad-level processes in social psychological models of conflict resolution.


Congenital aural atresia is characterized by aplasia of the external auditory canal (EAC), often associated with abnormalities of the auricula (microtia), the middle ear, and, occasionally, the inner ear structures. The aim of this study is to evaluate the surgical challenges, complications and long term results of congenital aural atresia(CAA) surgery. Records of 103 patients who underwent surgery because of congenital aural atresia were reviewed between 1992 and 2012 in a tertiary referral center. Audiological and surgical events were observed.
Surgical technique, incision type, graft material and long term results were noted. Postoperative visit records and audiograms were investigated. Many types of ossicular chain abnormalities such as absence of an ossicle, deformity of an ossicle or ossicular block were observed. Facial canal dehiscence or abnormal location of the facial nerve was seen in 33.9% of patients. Closure of the air-bone gap (ABG) to 30 dB or less at short-term follow-up occurred in 63.1% of patients. Major complications were as follows: restenosis of the external ear canal, hearing loss, facial paralysis, iatrogenic cholesteatoma and perforation of the graft. The air-bone gap cannot be totally closed in all aural atresias, and there is also the chance of sensorineural type hearing loss. Success of the surgery depends on accompanying abnormalities like unexpected route or dehiscence of facial nerve, status of the ossicular chain and middle ear cleft and surgical techniques. Long term results of congenital aural atresia surgery are encouraging and promising.


Trillions of microbes inhabit the distal gut of adult humans. They have evolved to compete efficiently for nutrients, including a wide array of chemically diverse, complex glycans present in our diets, secreted by our intestinal mucosa, and displayed on the surfaces of other gut microbes. Here, we review how members of the Bacteroidetes, one of two dominant gut-associated bacterial phyla, process complex glycans using a series of similarly patterned, cell envelope-associated multiprotein systems. These systems provide insights into how gut, as well as terrestrial and aquatic, Bacteroidetes survive in highly competitive ecosystems.


The Cancer Genome Atlas project included ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma as one of the first four tumor types examined, and TCGA has currently completed comprehensive genomic analyses of over 500 HGSOC tumor specimens, including complete exome sequencing, SNP and methylation analysis, as well as mRNA and miRNA profiling. The Clinical Proteomics Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) has collaborated with TCGA to provide equally comprehensive proteomic analysis of the same tumors analyzed by TCGA, including quantitative global proteomics, phosphoproteomics, and glycoproteomics. The objective of this study is to further understanding of the execution of genome-level aberrations at the protein level, and to identify functional changes associated with clinical outcome that may provide new insights into the mechanisms of disease progression, factors contributing to chemoresistance, and potentially the identification of new therapeutic targets. Initial analysis of a subset of the TCGA ovarian tumors at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes has provided preliminary evidence of pathway-level dysregulation associated with platinum resistance and poor clinical outcome.

Citation Format: Karin D. Rodland. Comprehensive proteomic analyses of TCGA ovarian cancer specimens: Update from CPTAC. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr IA10.


we show how one can use Fault-Tolerant Units (FTU) in an optimal way to make a TDMA network robust to bursty random perturbations. We consider two possible objectives. If one wants to minimize the probability of losing all replicas of a given message, then the optimal policy is to spread the replicas over time. This is proved using convexity properties of the loss probability. On the contrary if one wants to minimize the probability of losing at least one replica, then the optimal solution is to group all replicas together. This is proved by using majorization techniques. Finally we show how these ideas can be adapted for the TTP/C protocol.


Understanding the transitions of nucleons into various resonance structures through electromagnetic interactions plays a pivotal role in advancing our comprehension of the strong interactions within the domain of quark confinement. Furthermore, gaining precise insights into the elastic and resonance structures of nucleons is indispensable for deciphering the physics from neutrino-nucleus scattering cross sections experimental data, which remain theoretically challenging, even in the context of neutrino-nucleon interactions whose profound understanding is imperative for the neutrino oscillation experiments. One promising avenue involves the direct evaluation of the lepton-nucleon scattering cross sections across quasi-elastic, resonance, shallow-inelastic, and deep inelastic regions, which can be achieved through the hadronic tensor formalism in lattice QCD. In this work, we present the determination of the nucleon's Sachs electric form factor using the hadronic tensor formalism and verify that it is consistent with that from the conventional three-point function calculation. We additionally obtain the transition form factor from the nucleon to its first radial excited state within a finite volume. Consequently, we identify the latter with the nucleon-to-Roper transition form factor $G_E^*(Q^2)$, determine the corresponding longitudinal helicity amplitude $S_{1/2}(Q^2)$ and compare our findings with experimental measurements, for the first time using the hadronic tensor formalism. The limitations and systematic improvements of the approach are also discussed.


Background and aimIn patients with a high risk of peritoneal dissemination of colon cancer, a treatment adjuvant to surgical resection would improve their prognosis. We aimed to determine whether radioimmunotherapy employing radiolabelled monoclonal antibody would work in this situation. MethodsA murine model of peritoneal dissemination was established in female Balb/c nu/nu mice by intraperitoneal injection of LS180 human colon cancer cells. Radioimmunotherapy with 7.4 MBq of a murine IgG1, anti-colorectal A7 monoclonal antibody, radiolabelled with 131I by the chloramine-T method was conducted intraperitoneally on days 0, 3, 7 and 14 after cell inoculation, respectively. ResultsRadioimmunotherapy at any timing improved survival of mice as compared with those of non-treated mice and mice treated with a daily dose of 30 mg · kg−1 of 5-fluorouracil for 4 consecutive days. The best improvement was obtained when radioimmunotherapy was conducted on day 0. ConclusionThese results indicate that intraperitoneal radioimmunotherapy may effectively kill colon cancer cells disseminated in the peritoneal cavity before formation of tumours and, therefore, may work as an adjuvant treatment to prevent peritoneal metastasis of colon cancer.


Inorganic solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) have gained significant attention for their potential use in high-energy solid-state batteries. However, there is a lack of understanding of the underlying mechanisms of fast ion conduction in SSEs. Here, we clarify the critical parameters that influence ion conductivity in SSEs through a combined analysis approach that examines several representative SSEs (Li3YCl6, Li3HoCl6, and Li6PS5Cl), which are further verified in the xLiCl-InCl3 system. The scaling analysis on conductivity spectra allowed the decoupled influences of mobile carrier concentration and hopping rate on ionic conductivity. Although the carrier concentration varied with temperature, the change alone cannot lead to the several orders of magnitude difference in conductivity. Instead, the hopping rate and the ionic conductivity present the same trend with the temperature change. Migration entropy, which arises from lattice vibrations of the jumping atoms from the initial sites to the saddle sites, is also proven to play a significant role in fast Li+ migration. The findings suggest that the multiple dependent variables such as the Li+ hopping frequency and migration energy are also responsible for the ionic conduction behavior within SSEs.


The Wakita's area functions based on the linear prediction model, assume the vocal tract to be lossless. Due to this assumption, the actual non-zero losses and additional errors in estimating them affect the area functions significantly. To quantify these effects, the sensitivity of area functions to perturbations in band widths and formants is systematically studied and their relative importance is presented. To overcome the effects of errors in bandwidth estimation, a modification for the area function is proposed. The effectiveness of these modified area functions is demonstrated by a vowel recognition test using both Wakita's area functions and the modified area functions.


Abstract Objectives Traditional knowledge dissemination methods have been ineffective in leading to timely and widespread changes in clinical practice. Social media have the potential to reach broader audiences than more traditional methods that disseminate research findings. We evaluated the effectiveness of using social media to mobilize knowledge about pain in dementia. Methods We developed an online repository of evidence-based content (e.g., guidelines, assessment approaches) and a video about pain in dementia. The video was uploaded to YouTube, a video-sharing platform. We collaborated with stakeholder organizations on a 5-month social media campaign (#SeePainMoreClearly) on Twitter, a social networking site, to disseminate digital content about pain in dementia. The response to our initiatives was evaluated with Web and social media metrics, a video questionnaire, and a comparison of the extent of Twitter discussions about pain in dementia before and during the campaign period. Results Web metrics showed a great reach of the initiative: The #SeePainMoreClearly hashtag received more than 5,000,000 impressions and was used in 31 countries. The online repository was viewed by 1,218 individuals from 55 countries, and the video resulted in 51,000 views. Comparisons between the pre-campaign and campaign periods demonstrated a higher number of posts about pain in dementia during the campaign period. Conclusion The findings have implications for closing the knowledge-to-practice gap in dementia care through faster mobilization of scientific findings. Our campaign compares favorably with other health information dissemination initiatives. The methodologies used in the study could serve as a framework for the development of social media initiatives in other health disciplines.


Objective: We explore the association between occupational physical activity (OPA) and cardiovascular risk factors in four cities of the Southern Cone. Methods: Robust multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the associations. Results: The working population was constituted by 1868 men and 1672 women. Men performing high levels of OPA showed higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL; mean adj. diff. = 2.24 mg/dL; P = 0.004), lower levels of triglycerides (−24.59 mg/dL; P = 0.006), and total cholesterol (TC)/HDL ratio values (−0.21; P = 0.015) than reference. Women in the highest category of OPA had higher levels of HDL (2.85 mg/dL; P = 0.006), lower TC/HDL (0.27; P = 0.001), and low-density lipoprotein/HDL ratios (−0.18; P = 0.003) than sedentary activities. Conclusion: Individuals who performed high levels of OPA did not exhibit a worse cardiovascular risk profile and an improvement on selected biomarkers was observed when compared with those performing sedentary activities.


Purpose
The world society as a whole and Ukraine are realizing that climate change and decarbonization are critical issues. This study aims to determine whether the aviation and transportation industries in Ukraine have rearranged their priorities as a result of this investigation. The process of decarbonization and adaptation begins with a legislative point of view and then moves on to technology, improvements, infrastructure, energy and emissions stages to meet the primary goals.

Design/methodology/approach
An analysis of the content of the literature about decarbonization and the legislation and application processes for airport de-carbonization in Ukraine. The study focuses on the landing and take-off cycle of the airports. The statistics on the transportation of the Ukrainian territory have been looked at over time to determine whether or not there have been any shifts.

Findings
There are significant reduction figures found in the Poltava region. Double-figure emissions reductions in four years of series are 5.9%, 41.0% and 19.3%, in the respective years of 2018, 2019 and 2020, which is a 55.3% reduction compared with 2020 to 2017.

Practical implications
Because the transportation industry and aviation generate a significant amount of carbon dioxide, steps must be taken to cut emissions. The decarbonization process ought to proceed in the form of a series of actions to achieve carbon reduction goals with a broader range of participants. In addition, an aviation subsidy for biofuels may be required to initiate the shift by having the taxation change.

Originality/value
As far as the literature surveys, to the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first comprehensive Ukrainian decarbonization analysis that considers legislation, technology, improvements, infrastructure, energy and emissions in addition to just those four categories.


This study supports the weather organizations in Saudi Arabia (SA) and possibly the surrounding countries by providing new understanding of the weather systems that produce heavy rainfall and the dynamics that are involved. The study focuses generally on classifying the synoptic patterns inducing heavy rainfall in SA and specifically on understanding the climatology of the Red Sea Low Level Jet (RSLLJ) and its role in moisture advection toward the central Red Sea as well as understanding the dynamics behind the jet formation. The study uses 15 years of observed daily rainfall and the National Center for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/UCAR) reanalysis data set to classify the synoptic patterns using a correlation-based map pattern classification. The ERAInterim dataset from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) was used to create a detailed climatology of the RSLLJ for a 10-year period. The structure and the causes of the RSLLJ were investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecasting System (GFS) analyses data set. The results summarize six major synoptic features and classify 28 detailed synoptic patterns emerging from 186 cases of heavy rainfall in SA. The results also reveal that the RSLLJ is a relatively frequent phenomenon and the frequency of its occurrence varies according to location. The jet was found to have a significant role in moisture advection toward the central Red Sea area, which can contribute toward precipitation there. A linear relationship between the RSLLJ speed and the mean moisture concentration was observed in the central Red Sea region, where more moisture content was associated with greater jet speed. As for the jet causes, WRF simulations confirm that the RSLLJ is a terrain induced phenomenon that initiates as a gap flow as the jet forms


This paper presents preliminary notes on the process of transfer of information, specifically with regard to movie subtitles, from the modality of the spoken word to that of the written word. The use of multimodal transcription and its specific use in targeting the transcription for an audience with a different cognitive experience of the world is described. Multimodal transcription is demonstrated with an analysis of about forty pre-recorded subtitles adapted for a deaf and hard-of-hearing audience for Scandinavian movies. This phenomenon offers a new area of interest for linguistics, anthropology and semiotics. Two of the most significant needs of multimodal transcription were analysed. The first one is adding information about various noises heard in the soundtrack and the second is transcription of monologues of the inner speech of characters or speeches of characters not visible in the shot. The paper discusses the use of coloured subtitles for character differentiation and specifics of transcribing information about music. Information about timing and linguistic registers used in subtitles is included, as is information about the use of reduced subtitles for movies targeting a deaf audience and the role of such transcription for educational purposes.