Objective To assess recurrence-free survival (RFS) and role of adjuvant therapy (ATx) in endometrial cancer with low volume metastasis (LVM) in sentinel lymph nodes (SLN). Methods Patients with SLN LVM (≤2 mm) during 2010–2018 were retrospectively collected from 22 centers; stage IV, adnexal involvement, or unknown ATx were excluded. High-risk characteristics were grade (G) 3, non-endometrioid (NE) histology, lymphovascular invasion (LVSI), uterine serosal invasion (USI), or cervical stromal invasion. Results 243 patients were included [131 isolated tumor cells (ITCs); 112 micro-metastasis (MM)]. The 186 patients who received ATx (external beam radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy) were more likely to be high-risk (75.3% vs. 38.6%) or have MM (55.9% vs. 14.0%) compared to patients without ATx. RFS was 78.1% (95% CI, 70.5–86.5%) at 4 years; median follow-up of patients without recurrence was 29.6 (IQR, 19.1–41.5) months. The 4-yr RFS was 83.8% (95% CI 73.1–96.1%) among 57 patients without ATx; no significant risk factors identified. In particular, there were 18 G1 non-high-risk patients with ITC and no ATx, of which only 1 has recurred. G3, NE, LVSI, and USI were associated with recurrence in patients receiving ATx (table 1). G3 or NE patients had poor outcome even with receiving ATx, the 4-yr RFS was 59.5% and 56.1%, respectively. Conclusion In patients with SLN LVM who received ATx, G3, NE, LVSI, and USI were strong prognostic factors. ITCs patients with G1 and non-high-risk characteristics have good prognosis even without ATx; further analysis is needed, when this cohort matures, to know if ATx can be confidently spared.


This paper describes a novel technique for implementing ultra low-voltage/low-power digital circuits. The effective threshold voltage seen from a control gate is adjusted during a UV-light-activated tuning procedure. The optimal effective threshold voltage matching the supply voltage and speed may be programmed by UV light through an activated conductance between the power rails and the floating gates. Measured results are provided for gates operating down to 0.4-V power supply, using a standard double-poly CMOS process.


This research was done within 42 days to investigate the effect of diet supplemented by garlic ( Allium sativum ) and white turmeric ( Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) meals on physical and chemical quality of broiler meat. The number of 90 broiler DOC were used in this study.  They were randomly allocated into 18 unit of cages. During the study, the chicken were given 6 feeding treatments, i.e.: R-0 (98.0% base diet + 2.0% filler; as control diet), RB-1 (98.0% base diet + 1.0% garlic meal + 1.0% filler), RB-2 (98.0% base diet + 2.0% garlic meal), RT-1 (98.0% base diet + 1.0% white turmeric meal + 1.0% filler), RT-2 (98.0% base diet + 2.0% white turmeric meal), and RB1T1 (98.0% base diet + 1.0% garlic meal + 1.0% white turmeric meal). The base diet was composed of: yellow corn, soybean meal, fish meal, rice polishing meal, sorghum, poultry meat meal, mineral mix, and was design to contain 17.5% crude protein and metabolizable energy 2,900 kcal/kg. Variables observed were:  physical appearance (slaughter weight, non-feather weight, carcass weight), physical quality (pH, water holding capacity, cooking lose, tenderness), and cholesterol content (breast meat and blood cholesterol). All data were statistically analyzed by the Oneway of ANOVA and followed by the DMRT for significant results. Results showed that 1.0 - 2.0% garlic meal and 1.0 - 2.0% white turmeric meal supplementation reduced: breast meat cholesterol (P < 0.05), cooking lose (P < 0.05), and increased: pH (P < 0.01), and water holding capacity (P < 0.01) and improved tenderness (P < 0.05). Supplementation of 2% garlic meal and white turmeric meal didn't affect slaughter weight, non-feather weight, carcass weight, nor blood cholesterol. Key Kords : Physical And Chemical Quality, Broiler's Meat, Garlic, White Turmeric


Sau3AI is a type II endonuclease that cleaves GATC sequences, producing sticky ends with 4-nucleotide 5'-overhangs. Its activity is inhibited by cytosine C5-methylation within the target sequence. In the N-terminus, Sau3AI exhibits sequence similarity to the GATC-specific single-strand nicking endonuclease MutH implicated in mismatch repair (Ban and Yang, 1998). Sequence analysis of Sau3AI and its homologs reveals that Sau3AI possesses an additional MutH-like domain in the C-terminus. Structure prediction suggests that the C-terminal domain lacks the endonuclease active site but retains all putative DNA-binding elements. As an illustration of these findings, a model of quaternary structure of Sau3AI complexed with the target DNA is presented. These predictions have implications for evolution, structure and function of bacterial DNA repair enzymes and restriction endonucleases.


This study investigates the effectiveness of intra-mammary ozone administration in the dry period and at the time of delivery for preventing against mastitis in herds with contagious mastitis. The cows were divided into five groups with 10 cows in each. Group 1 was administered an ozone-containing foam preparation via the teat canal into four udder quarters for 5 seconds at the beginning of the dry period; Group 2 was administered ozone at the beginning of the dry period and at the time of delivery; Group 3 was administered ozone at the time of delivery; Group 4 was administered a dry period udder preparation at the beginning of the dry period; and Group 5 was administered only teat seal at the beginning of the dry period. No statistically significant difference was found between the cows with regard to the SCC values at the beginning of the dry period and at the time of delivery (in cows without clinical mastitis, n=25). The SCC values were reported to decrease when the values at the beginning of the dry period and at the time of delivery were compared. All cows except two in Group 1 were detected to have clinical mastitis according to the frequency of microbial isolation in milk at the time of delivery. In conclusion, intra-mammary ozone administration did not prevent mastitis in the dry period or at the time of delivery in herds with contagious mastitis; moreover, it was determined to increase the rate of clinical mastitis in the postpartum period.


Our knowledge about the glaciation history in the Russian Arctic has to a large extent been based on geomorphological mapping supplemented by studies of short stratigraphical sequences found in exposed sections. Here we present new geochronological data from the Polar Ural Mountains along with a high‐resolution sediment record from Bolshoye Shchuchye, the largest and deepest lake in the mountain range. Seismic profiles show that the lake contains a 160‐m‐thick sequence of unconsolidated lacustrine sediments. A well‐dated 24‐m‐long core from the southern end of the lake spans the last 24 cal. ka. From downward extrapolation of sedimentation rates we estimate that sedimentation started about 50–60 ka ago, most likely just after a large glacier had eroded older sediments from the basin. Terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) exposure dating (10Be) of boulders and Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating of sediments indicate that this part of the Ural Mountains was last covered by a coherent ice‐field complex during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 4. A regrowth of the glaciers took place during a late stage of MIS 3, but the central valleys remained ice free until the present. The presence of small‐ and medium‐sized glaciers during MIS 2 is reflected by a sequence of glacial varves and a high sedimentation rate in the lake basin and likewise from 10Be dating of glacial boulders. The maximum extent of the mountain glaciers during MIS 2 was attained prior to 24 cal. ka BP. Some small present‐day glaciers, which are now disappearing completely due to climate warming, were only slightly larger during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) as compared to AD 1953. A marked decrease in sedimentation rate around 18–17 cal. ka BP indicates that the glaciers then became smaller and probably disappeared altogether around 15–14 cal. ka BP.


The orations that Philip de Diversi delivered in honour of the Hungarian kings Sigismund of Luxemburg and Albert of Hapsburg shed more light on the style, tastes, literature, and customs of his day than on the lives and accomplishments of the two royal heads. Through communicational codes of a literary genre closely connected to the real world we are able to study human relationships, attitudes, values, interests, and the cultural and social context of the time. Diversi's discourses thus contribute to the post-modern rethinking of language, history, and the scope of human knowledge. Rhetoric and discourse, in an ever new dialogue with the past, promote themselves as genuine historical sources, with the answers lying in both the contents and the form.


A new architecture for an optical system to achieve true time delay phased array antenna beam steering is proposed. This system is based on the association of switching matrixes and optical fibres of different lengths. A comparative study of the different available switch types has been carried out and concludes that total internal reflection (TIR) switches fit the specific requirements. The switch and entire matrix are designed using 2D and 3D finite difference beam propagation methods (FD-BPM). Then, the electrical behaviour of the device is investigated using a drift diffusion model. Results show the following performance: fibre to fibre loss equal to 10 dB, crosstalk around -2.0 dB and bandwidth close to 160 MHz.


Imidazole, 1,2,4-triazole and tetrazole based molecules were prepared for their possible applications in nitrogen-rich gas generators. The energetic salts of 1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-1H-tetrazole (9), 5-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine (10), 1-(3-azido-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)-1H-tetrazole (11) and 3-azido-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-amine (12) were prepared with various cationic moieties. Their densities, heats of formation, chemical energy of detonation, detonation velocities and pressures were calculated. All of the compounds possessed high positive heats of formation due to high energy contribution from the molecular backbone of the corresponding compounds. The effect of the azole rings and nitro, amino, and azido groups on their physicochemical properties was examined and discussed.


This is an updated sample of an old tradition of Methodist hagiography. It is filled with much learning and some wisdom, but all its axial themes are repetitions of the familiar stereotypes: the utterly parlous condition of English Christianity in the eighteenth century; Wesley as particeps sterilis in this shameful situation until his Aldersgate experience, the essence of which is said to have been "his abandonment of the [prevailing] libertarian theology and his adoption of the Luther-Calvin position"; his ensuing triumphal progress (to wit, "turning England upside down" and founding the Methodist Church!). The critical difficulties that abound in these stereotypes are largely disregarded. What is comparatively new and interesting here is Wood's painstaking reconstruction of Wesley's "vagabond life," the places he preached and the people who heard him, his manner and style, his response to persecution and "the way in which Wesley's organization was geared to the after-care of his converts" (p. 194). Of its sort, this is better than most of the sectarian eulogies of Wesley and early Methodism. The historian can learn much from its lavish detail, but he will also discover that there is more zeal and diligence in The Burning Heart than critical insight.


A field study was conducted at the experimental farm of the College of Agriculture, University of Salahaddin-Erbil / Iraq, during growing season of 2012, to evaluate the effect of sowing dates on crop growth cycle, seed yield and quality of peanut. A split-plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replicates was used. Sowing dates were assigned to main plots, and genotypes to the sub-plots. The planted crop needed at the first date (April 22) more days to attain emergence and flowering stage (16.3 and 57.8 days respectively), than the other three dates. It is pointed out that the plants of June, 3 date required longer period from flowering to maturity than those of April, 22 (150.1 and 137.8 days respectively). Plants needed more accumulated heat units to reach emergence when planted in April, 22, to reach flowering at May, 20 date and to reach maturity at June, 3 date. Soodary genotype took the longest period for flowering and from flowering to maturity, and accumulated the highest quantity of heat units up to mature stage. The third date (May 20) and the genotype ICGV8623 gave the highest pod, seed yield, oil and protein yields (3.2, 2.0, 0.836 and 0.398 t/ha) and (3.3, 1.9, 0.784 and 0.394 t/ha) for the same date and the genotype respectively. Seeds of last date (June 3) and Soodary genotype were recognized by high oil content (44.3% and 45.7%) respectively. First date (April 22) surpassed in protein percentage (22.0%). A highly significant negative relationship was found between number of days from flowering to maturity and number of days from sowing to flowering (r = -0.557), the seed yield was positive and significantly correlated with seeds /pod and 100-seed weight (r = 0.341 and 0.385) respectively, and there was a positive, high significant correlation between seed yield and pod yield (r = 0.695).


Abstract A detailed computational study covering density functional theory (DFT), molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of some spirocyclic compounds interacting with a B-DNA has been performed. DFT calculations were performed using the B3LYP functional with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set and were used to identify the electrophilic and nucleophilic centers in electrostatic forces. NMR results were in agreement with previous experimental data and approved the reliability of the used method and basis set. The in silico screening results showed that spirocyclic compounds fulfill the Lipinski's rule of five and can be developed as potential oral bioavailable drug candidates. Based on molecular docking results, the binding affinities follow the 4c < 4d < 4a = 4b < 4e < 4g < 4f order and ranged from −8.6 to −9.7 kcal/mol indicating a reasonably favorable interaction between DNA and investigated compounds. The adducts were stabilized by hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions. The MD simulations performed for 100 ns and the results are reported in terms of variables such as root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF), center of mass (COM) separation distance between DNA and ligands, intermolecular hydrogen bonds, and radial distribution functions (RDF). The MD simulations demonstrated that compounds 4a and 4d bind into the minor groove of 1BNA and may act as potential biological probes for B-DNA. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma


ABSTRACT In recent years sport-based interventions have been implemented as a mechanism via which to target marginalised youth in relation to the development of social inclusion. Much of the political rhetoric surrounding social inclusion programmes highlights engagement with education, employment, or training, as key metrics. This has led some scholars to observe that conceptualising social inclusion in this way can act to further marginalise young people who fail to engage with these metrics. In contrast, this paper seeks to employ an alternative understanding of social inclusion, which uses the concepts of recognition and acceptance, to infer how participation in sports-based programmes may enable marginalised youth to meet mainstream societal expectations and aid with social assimilation. Drawing upon findings from two small-scale studies of sport-based interventions located in three UK cities, this paper places participant accounts at the centre of the analysis to explore broader notions of pro-social development in relation to recognition and interpersonal acceptance. The paper concludes by suggesting that within contexts in which young people are able to generate strong interpersonal relationships with key personnel (such as coaches), and which are built upon trust, recognition and developing self-worth, there is clear potential for sport-based programmes to incubate social assimilation.


This paper contributes to the literature of sovereign credit risk contagion by conducting a counterfactual analysis on credit risk spillovers among BRICS countries. The conditional value-at-risk (CoVaR) methodology is used to this end. Moreover, the paper makes use of the generalised forecast error decomposition to assess the contribution of state variables in the CoVaR of each of the BRICS countries conditioned by China, the biggest economies of the BRICS. The findings of this paper show that credit risk distress in China affects the most all countries sovereign credit risk in the BRICS grouping. Moreover, the channel through which credit risk distress in China affect other BRICS country is not homogenous.


Introduction Renal dysfunction (RD) following intestinal transplantation (SBTx) contributes to significant morbidity and is associated with reduced patient survival. RD has been shown to occur within the first two postoperative years, but renal function in the early postoperative period is poorly described. Methods The study was performed in a single centre on patients who had a minimum survival of 6 months following small bowel/multivisceral transplantation. A total of 20 transplants were performed during the study period and 11 were eligible for this study. The data collected were recipient demographics, pre-transplant renal function, donor demographics, immunosuppressive therapy. Renal function (measured by serum creatinine and e-GFR), serum Tacrolimus levels were at 7, 14 and 21 days, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months and 3 years. In addition, number of admissions, acute rejection episodes, need for modulation of immunosuppressants and function of the allografts. The data were retrieved from a prospectively collected database. Results 8/11 patients had deterioration in the renal function with mean serum creatinines at Day 14, 21 of 172.4 and 161.2 μmol and at 3 and 6 months 163.1 and 143.9 μmol, respectively. The serum Tacrolimus levels were well controlled between 8.27 and 9.17 μg/l throughout the study period. The RD was treated by 3/8 patients being converted to m-TOR inhibitors and in the other 5/8 patients reduced Tacrolimus levels were used. The renal function for patients converted to MTOR inhibitors improved. The mean number of admissions in the first year after the transplant was 3.66 and 4.13 during 3 years. There was an association between the number of readmissions and renal dysfunction suggesting that these patients had a poorer outcome as previously observed by others. However, we did not find an association between RD and Tacrolimus levels which other have reported. Conclusion In our cohort, the renal dysfunction was noted in 73% (8/11) of patients and it occured within the first month of the SBTx. The association with readmission suggests it is related to impaired outcome, its cause remains speculative.


Drought and desertification have become global environmental problems, posing new obstacles to plant survival and adaptability. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of drought stress on the morphological and physiological traits of Kochia prostrata. (L.) in greenhouse conditions. In the greenhouse experiment, drought stress was conducted in four levels of water regime treatment: 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent field capacity (FC). The experimental design consisted of a completely random design with three replications and 25 seeds per pot for every replication. In the greenhouse, seeds were planted in the soil using plastic containers. Then, 120 days of drought stress were administered, and morphological and physiological parameters were examined. The data were processed, and comparisons of means using the Duncan test (P0.05) were performed. Results demonstrated that when drought stress increased, the morphological and physiological features of K. prostrata decreased significantly. The highest plant dry weight was observed in drought stress of 25% FC and 100% FC with171.45 cm and 282.7 mg, respectively. The lowest rates of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and mesophyll were observed in 25%FC stress treatments with 0.44 mmol m-1s-1, 0.070 mmol m-1s-1, 1.70 mmol-2s-1, 394.13 respectively. Plant length and Root dry weight are variables that decreased significantly with increasing drought stress. However, the decrease in the values of these variables was not significant at 50, 75, and 100%FClevels but was significant at the most severe drought level (25%FC). Based on the results of this study, it can be suggested that the K. prostrata species can be used in the sustainable development of ecological rehabilitation areas.


A bioretention basin performs as a pollutant removal device using filtration as the main mechanism, supported by
evapotranspiration, absorption and biotransformation. This is in addition to attenuation of runoff peak flow and reduction of runoff
volume through detention and retention [1]. Past studies have reported that pollutant concentration reduction in bioretention basins is
poor for a range of pollutant species particularly for nutrient species ll l[2][3][ ]. However, a substantial reduction in outllow volume can
lead to significant reduction in pollutant loads [5].
A range of studies have been conducted for assessing bioretention basjn performance and hydraulic and pollutant removal processes
t6ll7ll8llglt1 0ll1 1l[12]. However, most of the past field studies have been conducted to evaluate the long term treatment performance
while most of the studies which focused on developing an in-depth understanding of processes have been conducted using laboraloryscale
models [13][14][15]. This has resulted in knowledge gaps relating to field performance and associated pollutant removal
p'ocesses in relalion to bioretention basins.
As a part ol this study, a selected operating bioretention basin was evaluated lor its hydraulic processes. This paper focuses on the
development of bioretention basin hydraulic conceptual model. The model utilises a range of conceptual approaches and empirical
equations. The model replicates the infiltration processes through the filter media and water movement within the system from the inlet
to the outlet. The model was successfully calibrated using on-site recorded inflow and outflow data.
Keywords: Bioretention Basin, bioretention model, hydraulic conceptual model.


In this paper, the authors present the results of the research on sexist and religious aspects of gender and religiosity identity in a Croatian society, with a special emphasis on gender stereotypes, stratifications and narrow-mindedness that are the result of religious world-view. Within the research, four sexist dimensions of gender identity are structured: patriarchalism, androcentrism, declarative egalitarianism and gender egalitarianism, and four dimensions of religious identity: traditional, sexually and moral, individualistic and socio-ascetic dimension. Hypotheses on the correlation of traditional religious world-view and sexist dimensions of gender identity have been proved - patriarchalism and androcentrism. Significant statistical difference between those who attend religious services regularly and those who have never done this in view of the inclination towards sexism ofthe first ones, with reference to the gender egalitarianism of the second, have been obtained. Religious socialisation in school has turned out also as an effective mechanism for conveying sexist attitudes and stereotypes on gender groups.


To the Editor. —The cost of laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be lowered. In the recent Letters section of JAMA , 1 the hospital cost was $4633 and $6750 at two different centers. Our group has done more than 1200 laparoscopic cholecystectomies. A recent audit of 50 cases (age less than 60 years, elective cases) showed an average hospital charge of $1817. Here are the ways we lower costs. We use electrosurgical dissection instead of laser 2 : savings, $546 to $800. We use reusable cannulas with limited use trocars instead of completely disposable systems: savings, $400 to $650. We use reusable graspers, scissors, dissectors, suctionirrigators: savings, $250 to $600. We do operative cholangiograms only when indicated, not routinely: savings, $300 to $500. There has been no reduction in quality of care; our morbidity, mortality, and operating efficiency compare favorably with all reports. 3 An increasing number of patients are treated as outpatients with


This essay considers the work of Joyce and Kafka in terms of paranoia as interpretive delirium, the imagined but internally coherent interpretation of the world whose relation to the real remains undecidable. Classic elements of paranoia are manifest in both writers insofar as their work stages scenes in which the figure of the artist or a subjective equivalent perceives himself as the object of hostility and persecution. Nonetheless, such scenes and the modes in which they are rendered can also be understood as the means by which literary modernism resisted forces hostile to art but inherent in the social and economic conditions of modernity. From this perspective, the work of both Joyce and Kafka intersects with that of surrealists like Dali for whom the positive sense of paranoia as artistic practice answered the need for a systematic objectification of the oneiric underside of reason, "the world of delirium unknown to rational experience."


Fe-Ni hydroxide ne particles with a layered double hydroxide-type structure were precipitated as an intermediate in polyol (ethyleneglycol) solution with Fe compositions ranging between about 10 and 90 at%. Subsequent reduction-annealing of the above polyol-derived particles with 13–56 at% Fe at 673 K resulted in the synthesis of fcc Fe-Ni alloy ne particles with their sizes less than about 50 nm. The lattice constants of fcc Fe-Ni alloy particles were close to those of the bulk fcc Fe-Ni alloy with similar compositions. X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements suggested that fcc Fe-Ni alloy was formed through simultaneous reduction of Fe and Ni in Fe-Ni hydroxide. Consequently, the reduction-annealing of polyol-derived Fe-Ni hydroxide ne particles is proved to be an effective process for obtaining composition-controlled Fe-Ni alloy ne particles. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M2016063]


We investigated the effect of surround articulation on the perceived lightness of a target disk. Surround articulation was manipulated by varying either the number of wedges in a surround consisting of wedges of alternating luminance or the number of checks in a surround consisting of a radial checkerboard pattern. In most conditions, increased articulation caused incremental targets to appear lighter and decremental targets to appear darker. But increasing the surround articulation in a way that did not increase the number of target-coaligned edges in the display did not affect the target lightness. We propose that the effects of surround articulation depend on the relationship between the orientations and contrast polarities of the target edges and those of edges present within the surround.


Tricuspid valve endocarditis is a significant cause of valve-related morbidity and mortality. Prosthetic valve reconstruction can be costly and requires life-long anticoagulation. We present our experience with surgical management of an endocarditis damaged tricuspid valve leaflet in an intravenous drug user. We were able to excise the infected tissue and successfully repair the native valve using autologous pericardium, effectively eliminating the need for prostheses and associated complications. Our case report demonstrates that tricuspid valve reconstruction, using autologous pericar-dium, is a suitable option in patients with tricuspid endocarditis.


Background:
 Sickle cell disease (SCD) affects 100,000 adults and children in the United States (USA). Painful, uncomplicated vaso-occlusive episodes (VOE) are the most common complication of SCD and the #1 reason adults with SCD seek medical attention in the ED. The NHLBI guidelines suggest encouraging oral hydration, along with analgesics, during VOE but to give intravenous (IV) fluids only if the patient cannot drink. However, there exists a clinical equipoise regarding the choice of IV fluids to use during the treatment of VOE in the ED, along with the rate or volume given. Despite lack of guidelines or evidence, the use of large IV volumes of crystalloids given over short periods of time (i.e. bolus) in the ED is common practice and we recently showed normal saline (NS) boluses in particular may be associated with inferior pain control and higher admission rates in pediatric patients with VOE (Carden etal., Am J Hem, 2019). Importantly, investigations into the use and impact these different IV fluids, including IV boluses, and how they may impact clinical outcomes among adult patients with SCD and VOE who present to the ED are lacking.
 Methods:
 We conducted a cross-sectional survey of emergency providers at the 2011 annual American College of Emergency Physicians Scientific Assembly, where ED providers from across the United States attend, regarding IV fluid practices during VOE. We specifically used a validated instrument to assess self-reported practices toward patients with SCD regarding IV fluid use, including volumes and rates, during uncomplicated VOE. Basic demographic information was obtained and providers were specifically asked: "Please indicate which type of fluids and rate of administration you give to patients with acute sickle cell pain who are not hypotensive and not severely hypovolemic". Providers responded never, rarely, frequently or always to each fluid type and rate.
 Results:
 Of 795 respondents to the survey, 722 indicated they took care of patients with SCD, 669 completely responded to the survey, and of those, 244 respondents only took care of adult patients with SCD. Demographic and experience with SCD patients, as well as preferred fluid type and rate of administration is reported in Table 1. IV fluid use during uncomplicated VOE varied among adult providers, but 83% of providers surveyed used IV fluid crystalloid boluses during VOE. Only 45% of providers recommended oral hydration during VOE among adults.
 Conclusions:
 Among adults ED providers who care for patients with SCD in the USA, wide variations in practice utilizing IV fluids are common. Despite no guidelines, IV fluid boluses are commonly given, as was seen in pediatric ED studies, and oral hydration is less commonly recommended among adult ED providers. Further investigation is needed to determine if these practices have an impact on clinical outcomes among euvolemic adult patients with SCD and VOE who present to the ED.

 Carden: GBT: Honoraria; NIH: Research Funding. Tanabe:NIH: Research Funding; AHRQ: Research Funding. Glassberg:ACEP: Research Funding; NHLBI: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding.


The complex nature of program management creates a very difficult task for those responsible for the allocation of resources, program structuring, and the overall program outcome. Decisions are often made in the face of considerable uncertainty. Since the performance of managers is frequently judged upon near-term results, managers may not have sufficient incentive to contemplate the long-term effects of their decisions. Across many industries, complex large-scale programs have a tendency to fail; these failures can often be attributed to poor program management. Current training methods frequently lack interactive learning, rendering them less useful due to the importance of heuristic information in the practice of program management. This project develops multiple educational simulations that give program managers the opportunity to experiment, to test their assumptions, and to learn from their mistakes in a risk-free environment. By showing users the relationship between decisions and outcomes on a project, the simulations will enhance the current educational practices and enable program managers to make better decisions in the future.


By making a study of spectral coherence and spectrum modification induced by spectral correlation of optical field, we try to find whether it is possible to modulate a spectrum. This artical gives an example of reducing spectrum width and performs a numerical calculation. We find that the spectral coherence method can exploit much more light energy while spectrum width becomes nattow, the rate of exploiting light energy being much large than that of a filter.


Ershte Yudishe Shakh-Tsaytung and Ershte Yudishe Sport-Tsaytung: The First Yiddish Sports Magazines Published in Łódź and Their Contents

The main purpose of the article is to broaden the state of knowledge about Yiddish press published in Łódź. The author focuses on two periodicals dedicated to sport: Ershte Yudishe Shakh-Tsaytung and Ershte Yudishe Sport- Tsaytung that were issued in 1913 and 1914. They were considered as missing and ephemeral with no important contribution to the history of Polish Jews. The analysis of two inconspicuous magazines leads to the conclusion that expands research in the field of press or biography studies, revealing interesting information especially about the milieu of people gathered around the widely defined cultural life in Łódź, adding some unknown facts about Arthur Szyk, Moshe Broderzon or David Frishman, and enriching knowledge about the formative processes in the Jewish cultural life in the city.


The book studies the impact of COVID-19 on the Chinese economy and the country's response to policies. It examines various aspects of national macroeconomic operations, industrial shocks, changes in financial markets, regional economic order, public governance challenges. It also analyzes changes in the world economy while integrating economic, financial, industrial, and environmental disciplines. At the macro level, the book emphasizes counter-cyclical responses, with an emphasis on comprehensive measures and precise efforts. It highlights differentiated development strategies for industries and promotes structural adjustment and supply-side reform. At the micro-level, the book emphasizes enterprises' resumption of work and production and supply chain management. The book promotes the concept of integration, stressing that China's economy was and is sufficiently resilient and the importance of maintaining and improving public confidence. At the same time, it attaches importance to prescribing the correct remedies for shortcomings, strengthening weaknesses, confronting the obstacles and difficulties in economic development, and restoring social order. The studies are not restricted to the facts but also focus on transforming and upgrading a modernized socialist economy and governance in the long term. © 2022 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved.


Simple and accurate analytic expressions are provided for the maximum reflectivity and tolerances of an impedance-matched asymmetric Fabry-Perot used as a high-contrast spatial light modulator when electroabsorptive quantum wells provide loss modulation. When the device geometry is optimized, these expressions depend only on material properties. The maximum reflectivity depends only on the fractional absorption change and is independent of the front-mirror reflectivity. The most important tolerance is on the flatness of crystal growth; the fractional-length tolerance is proportional to the absorption coefficient. These formulas agree with experimentally reported results from multiple-quantum-well modulators and previous numerical analyses; they are useful for quickly predicting optimized performance of possible new materials. The normally on and normally off geometries are compared. The effect of finite back-mirror reflectivity is clarified. Deviations from impedance match enable increased reflectance difference at the expense of contrast ratio, an approach which is evaluated as a function of material parameters.


The study on 'Nigeria, Nigerians and Xenophobic Attacks; Political and Economic Implications: A Phenomenological Approach' was designed to look into the historical background of constant xenophobic attacks against foreigner in South Africa of which Nigerians are at the epicenter and has the highest casualty of the attacks. Xenophobia is the fear and hatred shown towards foreigners in the land. It usually involves vibe of an in-group towards an out-group which often manifests itself in attacks. The work adopted the method of phenomenology, the primary objective of which is the direct investigation and description of events as were consciously experienced, by bracketing their causal explanation and as free as possible from unexamined preconceptions and presuppositions. This approach has to be as free as possible from conceptual presuppositions with an attempt to describe them as faithfully as possible. The study concluded thus, building strong economy and political institutions will bring about economic transformation for Nigeria's socio-political development and thereby prevent Nigerians from running away from their country in search of better life and human flourishing. Again, that developing a comparative engagement and change of foreign policy will enhance both countries relationship positively. Finally, the study recommended that the Nigerian government and her political leaders should strive at all times to build a robust economy for the teeming population and use her population as an asset and not as a liability.


We report a practical and novel concept based on reproducible fluidic mechanisms coupled with silica nano-particles for the development of nano-optical-connections directly on organic integrated photonic chips. Silica nano-rib waveguides have been shaped with various widths ranging between 50 nm and 300 nm and about a hundred μm in length respectively. An effective nano-photonic coupling mechanism has been demonstrated and a sub-wavelength propagation regime obtained between two organic rib tapers and waveguides with a perpendicular and a parallel configuration respectively. The specific silica nano-rib-waveguides structures show off optical losses propagation ranging around [37- 68] dB/mm at visible and infra-red (IR) wavelengths. Such flexible devices offer a versatile fabrication control by changing respectively nano-particles and surfactant concentrations. Thus, they present great potential regarding future applications for shaping nano-connections and high-density network integrations between original optical segmented circuits such as plots, lines or any pre-formed photonics structures.


Core Accretion (CA), the de-facto accepted theory of planet formation, requires formation of massive solid cores as a prerequisite for assembly of gas giant planets. The observed metallicity correlations of exoplanets are puzzling in the context of CA. While gas giant planets are found preferentially around metal-rich host stars, planets smaller than Neptune orbit hosts with a wide range of metallicities. We propose an alternative interpretation of these observations in the framework of a recently developed planet formation hypothesis called Tidal Downsizing (TD). We perform population synthesis calculations based on TD, and find that the connection between the populations of the gas giant and the smaller solid-core dominated planets is non linear and not even monotonic. While gas giant planets formed in the simulations in the inner few AU region follow a strong positive correlation with the host star metallicity, the smaller planets do not. The simulated population of these smaller planets shows a shallow peak in their formation efficiency at around the Solar metallicity. This result is driven by the fact that at low metallicities the solid core's growth is damped by the scarcity of metals, whereas at high metallicities the fragments within which the cores grow contract too quickly, cutting the core's growth time window short. Finally, simulated giant gas planets do not show a strong host star metallicity preference at large separations, which may explain why one of the best known directly imaged gas giant planet systems, HR 8799, is metal poor.


BACKGROUND
The adventitia plays an important role in and is considered to be the initiating site for vascular remodeling. Urotensin II (UII) and angiotensin II (Ang II) are the two most important vascular peptides involved in vascular remodeling in the adventitia. Nevertheless, little is known about their effect on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). It was hypothesized that both UII and Ang II could induce VEGF expression in adventitial fibroblasts and VEGF may play a role in cell proliferation and collagen I synthesis induced by UII or Ang II.

METHODS AND RESULTS
Growth-arrested adventitial fibroblasts were incubated in serum-free medium with UII and/or Ang II and inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway or VEGF-neutralizing antibodies. The VEGF expression was evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while the proliferation and collagen I synthesis were detected using methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay and ELISA. It was found that: (1) both UII and Ang II could stimulate VEGF expression in adventitial fibroblasts and they had a synergistic effect; (2) MAPK pathway inhibitors could inhibit VEGF secretion induced by UII and/or Ang II; and (3) VEGF-neutralizing antibodies could inhibit UII/Ang II-induced cell proliferation and collagen synthesis in adventitial fibroblasts.

CONCLUSIONS
Induction of VEGF expression may be a new mechanism involved in vascular remodeling for UII and Ang II.


Novel, general methods for detecting landmine signatures in ground penetrating radar (GPR) using hidden Markov models (HMMs) are proposed and evaluated. The methods are evaluated on real data collected by a GPR mounted on a moving vehicle at three different geographical locations. A large library of digital GPR signatures of both landmines and clutter/background was constructed and used for training. Simple, but effective, observation vector representations are constructed to naturally model the time-varying signatures produced by the interaction of the GPR and the landmines as the vehicle moves. The number and definition of the states of the HMMs are based on qualitative signature models. The model parameters are optimized using the Baum-Welch algorithm. The models were trained on landmine and background/clutter signatures from one geographical location and successfully tested at two different locations. The data used in the test were acquired from over 6000 m/sup 2/ of simulated dirt and gravel roads, and also off-road conditions. These data contained approximately 300 landmine signatures, over half of which were plastic-cased or completely nonmetal.


The void in subjectivity and self, and the widening gap between ever-more demanding standards of achievement and improving but increasingly inadequate accomplishments, between 'achievers' and others, is teeming with illness and unhappiness. Stress is undoubtedly more pervasive and acute for today's Market Beings than it was for people in precapitalist times. The kinds of stress that we share with them--due to natural disasters, poverty, bereavement--are much less easily dissipated through ritual, religious or other forms of public expression, and the individual is also less protected by community, family, kinship or neighbourhood group. In other words, the stressful life-events might be similar--and even attenuated--but the individual is more exposed to them.


A deeper understanding of both movement control and the effects of nociceptor inputs on our motor systems is critical for proper clinical diagnosis of musculo-skeletal dysfunctions and for development of novel rehabilitation schemes. In the jaw system, masticatory movements are produced by a central pattern generator (CPG) located in the brainstem. Considerable efforts have been made in deciphering this neuronal network. The present thesis contributes towards an increasingly detailed understanding of its essential elements, and presents a hypothesis of how deep somatic pain (i.e. muscle pain) may be evoked and interferes with the masticatory CPG circuitry. In Paper I, the expression of c-Fos-like protein was used as a molecular marker to visualize brainstem neurons that were active during induced fictive mastication in the anesthetized and paralyzed rabbit. Our findings provide a previously lacking detailed record of the neuronal populations that form the masticatory motor pattern. Certain cells were located in brainstem areas previously suggested to be involved in the masticatory CPG. However, it was a new finding that neurons in the dorsal part of the trigeminal main sensory nucleus (NVsnpr-d) may belong to this circuitry. Paper II focused on the discovered neurons in NVsnpr in an in vitro slice preparation from young rats. Intracellular recordings allowed us to define two cell types based on their response to depolarizing current. Microstimulation applied to the trigeminal motor nucleus, its reticular border, the parvocellular reticular formation and the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis, elicited postsynaptic potentials in 81% of the neurons tested. Responses obtained were predominately excitatory and sensitive to gluta-matergic antagonists DNQX or/and APV. Some inhibitory and biphasic responses were also evoked. Bicuculline methiodide or strychnine blocked the IPSPs indicating that they were mediated by GABAA or glycinergic receptors. About one third of the stimulations activated both types of neurons antidromically. Neurons in NVsnpr-d seem to gather all the conditions that can theoretically account for a role in masticatory rhythm generation. In Paper III, the masticatory model system was used to investigate the possible role of muscle spindle primary afferents in development of persistent musculoskeletal pain. Following intramuscular acidic (pH 4.0) saline injections of rat masseter muscles, in vitro whole cell recordings were done from jaw closing muscle spindle somata located in the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus (NVmes). Compared to control neurons, the somata of afferents exposed to acid had more hyperpolarized membrane potentials, more hyperpolarized thresholds for firing, high frequency membrane oscillations and ectopic bursting of action potentials. These changes in membrane properties lasted for up to 35 days. Within the same time frame experi-mental animals showed hypersensitivity to touch on the skin covering the injected muscle. Similar saline injections also resulted in a significant increase of activity dependent c-Fos expression in NVmes neurons compared to controls. Immuno-fluorescence and lectin binding studies indicated that small-caliber muscle afferents containing known nociceptor markers (CGRP, SP, P2X3, TRPV1 and IB4) and expressing glutamate receptors are found close to the annulo-spiral endings of the NVmes afferents. Combined, our new observations support the hypothesis that excessive release of glutamate, within muscle spindles due to ectopically evoked antidromic action potentials, could lead to development of persistent musculoskeletal pain by activation and/ or sensitization of adjacent muscle afferent nociceptors.


Abstract To better understand the sediment provenance and exhumation history of Novaya Zemlya's Mesozoic fold–thrust belt, we apply detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology combined with zircon and apatite fission track analyses to samples from the Precambrian to late Permian siliciclastic successions of the southern and northern islands. The Silurian to early Devonian samples are dominated by zircons (1.14–0.9 Ga) characteristic of the Sveconorwegian Orogen. Zircon fission track ages for individual units are older than their stratigraphic ages and consistent with single-age population distributions. The zircon fission track results document no annealing after deposition and therefore preserve provenance information, which indicates that the source rock(s) of each sample most likely experienced the same thermal event. The results support the erosion and recycling of Sveconorwegian-aged zircon from the Fennoscandian shield during Caledonian orogenesis to the Barents Sea Shelf and Novaya Zemlya. Apatite fission track ages and thermal modelling identify a rapid cooling event at 220–210 Ma, consistent with late Triassic deformation on Novaya Zemlya.


We present a new welfare-based framework for optimally choosing legal standards (decision rules). We formalise the decision-theoretic considerations widely discussed in the existing literature by capturing the quality of the underlying analysis and information available to a regulatory authority, and we obtain a precise necessary and sufficient set of conditions for determining when an Economics or Effects-Based approach would be able to discriminate effectively between benign and harmful actions and consequently dominate per se as a decision-making procedure. We then show that in a full welfare-based approach, the choice between legal standards must additionally take into account, (i) indirect (deterrence) effects of the choice of standard on the behaviour of all firms when deciding whether or not to adopt a particular practice; and (ii) procedural effects of certain features of the administrative process in particular delays in reaching decisions; and the investigation of only a fraction of the actions taking place. We therefore derive necessary and sufficient conditions for adopting Discriminating Rules, as advocated by the Effects-Based approach. We also examine what type of Discriminating rule will be optimal under different conditions that characterise different business practices. We apply our framework to two recent landmark decisions – Microsoft vs. EU Commission (2007) and Leegin vs. PSKS (2007) – in which a change in legal standards has been proposed, and show that it can powerfully clarify and enhance the arguments deployed in these cases.


Objective: The purpose of this narrative study was to document and explore the life experiences of two undocumented Latino students at a community college in Southeastern Florida. The research questions that guided this study are "What are the narratives and lived experiences of undocumented Latino males attending a community college in Southeastern Florida?" and "What assimilation experiences inform undocumented Latino males' educational aspirations to attend a community college?" Method: A narrative inquiry was used to document the lived experiences of two undocumented Latino male students. Each participant was interviewed; all data were recorded, transcribed, then coded for themes. Results: The findings provide an understanding that experiences in K-12 educational spaces were vital to their development and self-understanding of their undocumented identity; the notion to pursue college was cultivated in both these undocumented Latinos from an early age; and despite the anti-immigrant stereotypes they encountered, they continue to stay focused to help their families and accomplish their academic goals. Contributions: Undocumented immigrants, more than ever, continue to face different challenges in the United States, which affect their educational attainment, particularly for Latino males. Implications for practice include that institutions should become undocufriendly for all undocumented students.


In this paper, a high accuracy Gaussian noise generator emulator is defined and optimized for hardware implementation on a FPGA. The proposed emulator is based on the Box-Muller method implemented by using ROM tabulation and a random memory access. By means of accumulations, the central limit method is applied to the Box-Muller output Gaussian distribution. After presenting the algorithmic method, this paper analyzes its efficiency for different noise signal formats. Then the architecture to fit into a FPGA is explained. Finally, results from the FPGA synthesis are given to show the value of this method for FPGA implementation.


This paper reports the preliminary results of a controlled study randomizing MOPP vs. a new four‐drug combination (ABVD) in advanced Hodgkin's disease. ABVD consists of 6 cycles of adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and imidazole carboxamide. The purpose for designing this new combination was two‐fold: to compare the efficacy of ABVD with MOPP, and to demonstrate absence of cross‐resistance between the two regimens. Of 60 patients entered into the study, 45 (MOPP 25, ABVD 20) are presently evaluable for the analysis of remission induction. No patient was previously treated with chemotherapy; 20% had relapsed after primary radiotherapy. Whenever possible, complete remission was defined also through rebiopsy of known organ involvement. Complete remission occurred in 76% of patients treated with MOPP and in 75% of those given ABVD, with no difference between the two regimens as far as stage (IIIB–IIIs and IV), histologic type, and prior irradiation were concerned. Crossover carried out for progressive disease or for relapse after initial remission showed absence of cross‐resistance between MOPP and ABVD. Toxic manifestations after ABVD were in general well tolerated and reversible. The percent of optimal dose for each drug was as follows: adriamycin 87%, vinblastine 87%, bleomycin 96%, and imidazole carboxamide 96%. These preliminary results indicate that in terms of complete remission, ABVD could represent a successful alternative to MOPP to be used either in MOPP failures or in sequential combination with MOPP. However, the lack of long‐term followup limits at the present time an adequate comparison between the two treatments.


Gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid), found in many plants either in free-form or part of tannins, is known to possess anti-microbial, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. NFκB regulates the expression of several genes involved in carcinogenesis. These include anti-apoptotic, cytokines and cell cycle-regulatory genes. It is well established that the transcriptional factor NFκB is deregulated in many forms of cancer. Thus, agents that can suppress NFκB activation have the potential of suppressing carcinogenesis. In the present investigation, gallic acid was isolated from Alchornea glandulosa (Euphorbiaceae) and eight esters were synthesised. These compounds were evaluated against TNF-α-induced NFκB activation with stably transfected 293/NFκB-Luc human embryonic kidney cells. Gallates with IC 50 values in a range of 10–56 µM mediated inhibitory activity higher than gallic acid (IC 50 76.0 ± 4.9 µM). In addition to inhibiting NFκB activation, gallic acid mediated a modest cytotoxic effect, and some of the gallates affected cell viability at the tested concentrations. Based on these results, suppression of NFκB activation by gallate esters could play a chemopreventive role in carcinogenesis.


A kind of detailed method of design and modification of cell flexible production mode is put forward based on the analysis of theories and methods of cell flexible production mode,and actual situation of revolution flow process and production of high and new technology.Detailed design programs and steps are introduced to every phase of design of cell flexible production mode.And methods and tools how to solve problems of all the phases are put forward.The system is important to establishment or modification of cell flexible production mode in manufacturing enterprise.The method has been used on one famous electronic enterprise.


Two phase flow in a piping installation is influenced by the interaction between phases, geometry and orientation (vertical or horizontal), flow direction (up or down) that may affect the flow pattern. In contrast to single phase flow which only influenced by the Reynolds number in the formula of density, viscosity and pipe diameter. So the two phase flow has an interesting phenomenon to be studied which is the result of the pressure drop to form a flow pattern. The purpose of this study are to determine the pressure drop that occurs in the 90° from the horizontal position to a vertical position, and to analyze the flow pattern of two-phase fluid (water-air) at 90° in computational simulation and visualization verified with the help of high-speed digital camera. This study used clear PVC pipe (CPVC) and acrylic (PMMA) material in the 90° curves--test section with the aim to observe the flow pattern visualization then analyzed through simulation modeling with ANSYS software and verified experimentally. The calculation of the pressure drop in the 90° curve calculated theoretically and experimentally so that research can be studied scientifically. There was relationship between the flow patterns of the amount of pressure drop in the two-phase flow curves 90° of the thickness of the interface. The bigger the thickness of the interface, the pressure drop decreases both theoretically and experimentally due to the friction between the interfaces associated with friction factor, in this case is influenced by the Reynolds number and its value is inversed so the greater proportion of the air volumetric (β) then the Reynolds water number (Re SL) will decrease and increases friction between phase, besides the back pressure in the curve also affect the thickness 90° interface.There is wavy flow or turbulence in the bottom of horizontal pipe when the flow is laminar, it because of gravitation and centrifugal force or twin eddy in the actual speed ratio ( 𝑣 𝐺 𝑣 𝐿) . The conditions influenced the flow pattern and pressure drop. The highest value of speed ratio ( 𝑣 𝐺 /𝑣 𝐿 ) is 1,824 at vSG 0,076 m/s and the lowest is 0,423 at v SG 0,025 m/s. Keywords: two phase flow; pressure drop; flow pattern and curves


This paper is a report on a lexicographical project completed by the Institute of the Estonian Language. The Basic Estonian Dictionary was published in print in March 2014, and the online version will be available by September 2014. The BED is aimed at learners of Estonian as a foreign language or as a second language at the elementary and intermediate levels (A2 to B1) according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. The dictionary contains about 5,000 headwords, including single items and multi-word lexical items. The BED provides lexicographical information on pronunciation, morphological information, definitions, word formation, government and collocation patterns, multi-word phrases, semantically related words and usage notes. In the online version, sound recordings (mp3 audio files) are provided. Morphological information was generated automatically. The most frequent government and collocation patterns were analysed and selected using the Sketch Engine corpus query system (Kilgarriff et al. 2004). The BED contains approx. 400 illustrations, study pages and picture pages (e.g. related to animals). In the appendix, geographical names and grammar tables are included. In addition, the Dictionary of the Estonian Sign Language (containing approx. 6,700 video recordings), based on the BED database, was published online in March 2014.


On the basis of establishing the evaluation index system, the paper proposes fuzzy centralization statistical theory to evaluate the efficiency of firefighting & rescue command. Applying fuzzy centralization statistical theory, the random and fuzzy indexes in the efficiency evaluation index system are mathematically analyzed, and the total weights of all the indexes are calculated. The result of efficiency evaluation can be obtained through the linear adding weight model. The method changes some fixed values from classical statistics to bound values and solves the problem of fuzzy indexes quantification, which makes the indexes' weights more precisely accord with the practice. Exemplified case indicates that the method could overcome the disadvantage of traditional statistical method and make efficiency evaluation of fire fighting & rescue command more practicable and scientific.


We show that the dynamics of phonons in a set of trapped ions interacting with lasers is described by a Bose-Hubbard model whose parameters can be externally adjusted. We investigate the possibility of observing several quantum many-body phenomena, including Bose-Einstein condensation as well as a superfluid-Mott insulator quantum phase transition.


The huge problems facing the ICC, and international criminal justice in general, encompass but are much broader than the question of geopolitical imbalance in the situations considered by the Court. To be assessed in an appropriated way, they must be settled in the wider framework of international criminal justice development. By analyzing the ICC from this perspective, two important concerns arise: first of all, the difficulty in reaching a universal and equal system of international criminal justice, until the Court is opposed by important countries and by States potentially or actually involved in the commission of serious crimes; secondly, the fact that the jurisdiction of the Court risks being totally inefficient as far as it does not meet an adequate cooperation by its member States, especially when it is prosecuting the highest political authorities of a country. The process of establishing a universal and effective system of international criminal justice is far from being accomplished.


This study aims to analyze the role of leadership style and social work environment on Employee Engagementat Bank Mandiri Ujung Menteng branch. In this study, there are two independent variables, namely leadership style and social work environment to test their role on the dependent variable, namely Keterlibatan Karyawan. The population of this research is the employees of Bank Mandiri Ujung Menteng branch, totaling 35 people. Sampling with saturated sampling method, so that the entire population is used as a sample of 35 respondents, . The data collection technique was using a questionnaire with SPSS version 25. The analytical tool used was multiple linear regression test.
The results showed that: Leadership style has a negative and significant effect on Employee Engagement, while the social work environment has no significant effect on Employee Engagement. The results of the test of the coefficient of determination between the variables of leadership style and social work environment on Employee Engagement are 53.6%, and there are other factors of 46.4% influenced by other variables outside of this study. So it is recommended for further researchers to add independent variables that have not been studied. And the application of leadership style at Bank Mandiri Ujung Menteng branch with achievement-oriented leadership style.


We present a novel approach to multi-person multi-camera tracking based on learning the space-time continuum of a camera network. Some challenges involved in tracking multiple people in real scenarios include a) ensuring reliable continuous association of all persons, and b) accounting for presence of blind-spots or entry/exit points. Most of the existing methods design sophisticated models that require heavy tuning of parameters and it is a nontrivial task for deep learning approaches as they cannot be applied directly to address the above challenges. Here, we deal with the above points in a coherent way by proposing a discriminative spatio-temporal learning approach for tracking based on person re-identification using LSTM networks. This approach is more robust when no a-priori information about the aspect of an individual or the number of individuals is known. The idea is to identify detections as belonging to the same individual by continuous association and recovering from past errors in associating different individuals to a particular trajectory. We exploit LSTM's ability to infuse temporal information to predict the likelihood that new detections belong to the same tracked entity by jointly incorporating visual appearance features and location information. The proposed approach gives a 50% improvement in the error rate compared to the previous state-of-the-art method on the CamNeT dataset and 18% improvement as compared to the baseline approach on DukeMTMC dataset.


The past decade has seen the discovery of four different classes of radical S-adenosylmethionine (rSAM) methyltransferases that methylate unactivated carbon centers. Whereas the mechanism of class A is well understood, the molecular details of methylation by classes B–D are not. In this study, we present detailed mechanistic investigations of the class C rSAM methyltransferase TbtI involved in the biosynthesis of the potent thiopeptide antibiotic thiomuracin. TbtI C-methylates a Cys-derived thiazole during posttranslational maturation. Product analysis demonstrates that two SAM molecules are required for methylation and that one SAM (SAM1) is converted to 5′-deoxyadenosine and the second SAM (SAM2) is converted to S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine (SAH). Isotope labeling studies show that a hydrogen is transferred from the methyl group of SAM2 to the 5′-deoxyadenosine of SAM1 and the other two hydrogens of the methyl group of SAM2 appear in the methylated product. In addition, a hydrogen appears to be transferred from the β-position of the thiazole to the methyl group in the product. We also show that the methyl protons in the product can exchange with solvent. A mechanism consistent with these observations is presented that differs from other characterized radical SAM methyltransferases.


Much research has gone into machining process monitoring and control. This paper reviews monitoring and control schemes of cutting force and torque. Sensors to measure cutting force and torque, as well as their indirect estimation, are reviewed. Feedback control schemes and model-based feedforward scheduling schemes of cutting forces, as well as tool path optimization schemes for cutting force regulation, are reviewed. The authors' works are also briefly presented.


Infantile hemangioma is the most frequent tumor of children in the first months of life. Myofibroma, although being the most frequent infant fibromatous neoformation, is very rare. Despite some important clinical differences, the histological examination is diriment. The latter should be performed whenever the diagnosis of infantile hemangioma is not clinically sure.


In our previous paper, "Optimal Allocation of Public Goods...," (1977) we presented a mechanism for determining efficient public goods allocations when preferences are unknown and consumers are free to misrepresent their demands for public goods. We proved the basic welfare theorem for this model: If consumers are competitive in markets for private goods and follow Nash behavior in their choice of demands to report to the mechanism, then equilibria will be Pareto optimal. In this paper we show this result is not vacuous by proving that an equilibria will be Pareto optimal. In this paper we show this result is not vacuous by proving that an equilibrium will exist for a wide class of economies. Our conditions are slightly stronger than those required to prove the existence of a Lindahl equilibrium. In order to rule out the possibility of bankruptcy, we assume additionally that at all Pareto optimal allocations, private goods consumption is bounded away from zero.


The location and human activity are usually used as one of the important parameters to monitor the health status in healthcare devices. However, nearly all existing location and monitoring systems have the limitation of short-range communication and high power consumption. In this paper, we propose a new mechanism to collect and transmit monitoring information based on LoRa technology. The monitoring device with sensors can collect the real-time activity and location information and transmit them to the cloud server through LoRa gateway. The user can check all his history and current information through the specific designed mobile applications. Experiment was carried out to verify the communication, power consumption and monitoring performance of the entire system. Experimental results demonstrate that this system can collect monitoring and activity information accurately and provide the long rang coverage with low power consumption.


Out-of-plane optical actuation of thin Al cantilever microbeams was investigated as a function of laser beam power, spot size, modulation frequency and location on the beam. Several microscopic interferometry techniques including quantitative time-averaged interferometry and phase shifting stroboscopic interferometry were used to determine the resonant frequencies, vibration mode shapes and optically induced mean deflection of the microbeams. Transient response measurements by stroboscopic interferometry are also demonstrated. Experimental results show that on-wafer, non-contact, full-field dynamic measurements can be performed up to at least several hundred kHz although a large light power is necessary to actuate Al microbeams. It is demonstrated that dynamical optical actuation tends to saturate as a function of laser beam power and is maximum when the laser spot is located below 1/3 of the beam length. It is also evidenced that fundamental resonant frequencies measured with optical actuation are lower than that measured with piezoelectric actuation. Results are discussed by considering that actuation is dominated by photothermal effects.


On 28 April 2011, the future of the European Insolvency Regulation was discussed during a one-day international conference in Amsterdam. Since its entry into force in 2002, the European Insolvency Regulation has proven to be a successful piece of European legislation. At the current time, the review and possible reform of the Regulation is on the agenda of the European Commission. This should lead to a legislative proposal in 2013. The conference provided for a gathering of ideas on the functioning of the EIR, on possible amendments to it, and on the issues encountered in practice. It was strongly supported that the COMI of the debtor should be maintained as the factor determining jurisdiction to open main insolvency proceedings. It was regarded desirable to introduce different COMI definitions for natural persons and legal persons respectively. Secondary proceedings should be possible next to main proceedings, but they should no longer be limited to liquidation proceedings. With regard to dealing with insolvencies of corporate groups, it was acknowledged that coordination of the insolvency proceedings of group companies is desirable. On the topic of applicable law and security rights, the discussion showed that Article 5 EIR required clarification on certain issues. Opinions differed on the question whether the protection currently offered to secured creditors is excessive or whether it should be maintained. Furthermore, it was widely supported that the Regulation should provide for explicit obligations for both courts and liquidators in main and secondary proceedings to cooperate in cross-border insolvency cases. Finally, suggestions were made to either widen the scope of the EIR or draft separate regulations for pre-insolvency proceedings. The discussions showed that a reform of the EIR is indeed deemed necessary in order for the Regulation to continue to be a successful instrument in the international insolvency practice.


Purpose- The Indian retail market, which was largely unorganized till the 1980s, has undergone an immense transformation in post-liberalization era. However, valued at $ 450 billion, the Indian retail sector is still relatively small by global standards, with giants like Wal-Mart alone reporting over US $ 315 billion (approx) in global sale. India is estimated to have around 15 million retail outlets, making it the country with the highest retail outlet density in the world. A.T. Kearney, a well known international management consultancy, in the year 2009, identified India as the most attractive retail destination in the world. With a significant contribution to the national GDP (10 percent) and employment (8 percent, second largest employer after agriculture) this sector can definitely be referred as one of the pillars of the Indian economy. Design/methodology/approach- The paper pulls together various strains of research and data gathere from sound databases to discuss the status. Findings- In their preparation to face fierce competitive pressure, Indian retailers must come to recognize the value of building their own stores as brands to reinforce their marketing Positioning, to communicate quality as well as value for money. Sustainable competitive advantage will be dependent on translating core values combining products, image and reputation into a coherent retail brand strategy. Viewpoint Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Deshpande, M., Gaddi, A., Patil, S. R. (2014). "Inference of FDI in Indian retail sector- Some Reflections", Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 82–97.


The effects of an ionization-based air purification system on air quality in pig houses was evaluated and quantified. The aim was to determine whether using such a system in pig pens could remove airborne pollutants and improve the working environment, thereby decreasing the health risks to farmers. The evaluation comprised a field pilot study of air quality in a conventional pig house in Sweden. The ionization equipment used was an AircodeTM CX-200 and eight units were installed in the pig house. The measurements of air quality included real-time concentration of airborne dust particles, endotoxins and microorganisms, as well as gases (ammonia & carbon dioxide). The results showed little difference in the concentration of dust particles or gases after air purification. The dust concentrations in the air were lower than the Occupational Exposure Limit Value for all measurements. However, the concentration of endotoxins measured exceeded a risk level (exposure limit value for inflammation of respiratory tract). Microbiological analysis indicated that the airborne dust contained some bacteria and mould fungi. The ionization system was shown to reduce the concentrations of airborne endotoxins and microorganisms in the pig house over the five-day study period.


An adaptive learning system aims at providing instruction tailored to the current status of a learner, differing from the traditional classroom experience. The latest advances in technology make adaptive learning possible, which has the potential to provide students with high-quality learning benefit at a low cost. A key component of an adaptive learning system is a recommendation system, which recommends the next material (video lectures, practices, and so on, on different skills) to the learner, based on the psychometric assessment results and possibly other individual characteristics. An important question then follows: How should recommendations be made? To answer this question, a mathematical framework is proposed that characterizes the recommendation process as a Markov decision problem, for which decisions are made based on the current knowledge of the learner and that of the learning materials. In particular, two plain vanilla systems are introduced, for which the optimal recommendation at each stage can be obtained analytically.


Abstract Centralizing chemical composition data for biodiverse foods is an important strategy in promoting their consumption. To support this strategy, a dataset of foods based on Brazilian biodiversity was created. The set was based on data for foods produced or commercialized in Brazil; these data were previously compiled for the Brazilian Food Composition Table (TBCA), according to international guidelines. Inclusion criteria were based on the following indicators: (i) foods with description below species level; (ii) wild foods; and (iii) underutilized foods. The dataset contains 1,305 food entries, and the majority correspond to raw plant foods. Nutrient content in foods identified below species level exhibited a wide range of values. Underutilized foods presented similar or higher selected nutrient contents than commonly consumed foods. For instance, depending on the cultivar of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), vitamin A content ranged from a negligible amount to high content (0.33‐ to 3,637‐μg retinol equivalents per 100‐g edible portion on a fresh weight basis [EP]). Camu‐camu (Myrciaria dubia), a fruit from Amazon, was identified as the richest source of vitamin C (2,300 mg of ascorbic acid per 100‐g EP), corresponding to 48‐fold the content of orange. The dataset provides evidence to promote nutrient‐rich foods that may be integrated into more effective programmes and policies on nutrition and food security in Brazil. It can be accessed online, free of charge on the TBCA platform.


Diversity effects on many aspects of ecosystem function have been well documented. However, fire is an exception: fire experiments have mainly included single species, bulk litter, or vegetation, and, as such, the role of diversity as a determinant of flammability, a crucial aspect of ecosystem function, is poorly understood. This study is the first to experimentally test whether flammability characteristics of two-species mixtures are non-additive, i.e., differ from expected flammability based on the component species in monospecific fuel. In standardized fire experiments on ground fuels, including monospecific fuels and mixtures of five contrasting subarctic plant fuel types in a controlled laboratory environment, we measured flame speed, flame duration, and maximum temperature. Broadly half of the mixture combinations showed non-additive effects for these flammability indicators; these were mainly enhanced dominance effects for temporal dynamics – fire speed and duration. Fuel types with the more flammable value for a characteristic determined the rate of fire speed and duration of the whole mixture; in contrast, maximum temperature of the fire was determined by the biomass-weighted mean of the mixture. These results suggest that ecological invasions by highly flammable species may have effects on ground-fire dynamics well out of proportion to their biomass.


We develop the proposal in this review that schizophrenia is a syndrome made up of component symptom complexes, each with distinctive clinical correlates, pathophysiology, and selective treatments. Psychosis is the necessary component of the syndrome; it has a young-adult onset and is sensitive to current antipsychotic drugs. Cognitive dysfunction often precedes psychosis onset, does not present an episodic course, and is poorly responsive to antipsychotic drugs. Treatments for cognition are being developed largely on the basis of animal pharmacology. Drugs for component symptom complexes will theoretically be coadministered to independent symptomatic end points. Animal models, some with genetic characteristics, can be more easily and directly developed to match an individual component than to match an illness definition as broad as schizophrenia.


In past work on fairness in machine learning, the focus has been on forcing the prediction of classifiers to have similar statistical properties for people of different demographics. To reduce the violation of these properties, fairness methods usually simply rescale the classifier scores, ignoring similarities and dissimilarities between members of different groups. Yet, we hypothesize that such information is relevant in quantifying the unfairness of a given classifier. To validate this hypothesis, we introduce Optimal Transport to Fairness (OTF), a method that quantifies the violation of fairness constraints as the smallest Optimal Transport cost between a probabilistic classifier and any score function that satisfies these constraints. For a flexible class of linear fairness constraints, we construct a practical way to compute OTF as a differentiable fairness regularizer that can be added to any standard classification setting. Experiments show that OTF can be used to achieve an improved trade-off between predictive power and fairness.


The proteindisulfide isomerase (PDI), a multifunctional cytoplasmic enzyme with additional chaperone activity, has been shown recently, using monoclonal antibodies, to be located on the membrane of mature human B lymphocytes and B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells. Here, evidence is presented that this antigen exhibits catalytic activity as measured by the reductive degradation of insulin (release of A chain molecules) on intact B cells in patients suffering from B-CLL, as well as on JVM 13 cells (B-CLL cell line). More than 98% of these cells exhibited PDI activity which could be inhibited by bacitracin and also by monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to PDI. Interestingly, surface PDI expression was strongly correlated in our study with protein-bound membrane SH groups. These surface protein thiols were specifically determined by using low concentrations of the chloromethyl-derivative based fluorescent probe 5-(and6)-(((4-chloromethyl)-benzoyl)amino)-tetramethyl-rhodamine (CMTMR) at low temperature in the presence of sodium azide in flow cytometry. The highest PDI and SH expression was found on B lymphocytes, particularly B-CLL cells. The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CMTMR-positive B cells in the B-CLL line was up to 10-fold higher than that of controls, indicating a strong elevation of cell membrane-located protein thiols on malignant B cells. The link between PDI and SH expression on cell surfaces points to a functional interaction between the two. Treatment with bacitracin resulted in a strong inhibition of PDI and a dramatic increase in surface protein thiol expression of B-CLL cells. Similar effects could be observed by cell treatment with anti-PDI antibodies, indicating that this enzyme system plays a crucial role in the regulation of protein-bound SH groups. Interestingly, artificially induced protein thiol expression led to significantly higher cellular resistance to the cytostatic drugs chlorambucil, vinblastin, and cisplatin in vitro as measured by cell growth. These data suggest for the first time a regulatory effect of PDI on the surface protein thiol status of B cells. The increased expression of PDI may play a crucial role in SH-mediated protection and drug resistance in malignant B lymphocytes.


The self-similar expansion generated by an intense light ion beam pulse of energy per nucleon Eb=E0(t/ tau )p and current intensity Ib=I0(t/ tau )2p-1 (0<t< tau ) impinging on a planar target, is considered. The structure of the expansion flow is analysed and profiles of beam density and velocity and density, velocity and temperature of the plasma are found from the analysis. Quantities of interest in inertial confinement fusion such as the ablation pressure and the mass ablated rate as functions of time for several values of the law time exponent p are obtained. The acceleration efficiency of thin foils, defined as the fraction of absorbed energy that goes to foil kinetic energy as a function of p, has also been calculated.


Introduction The low FODMAP diet is known to be effective in improving symptoms in approx. 70% of those with Rome criteria IBS. Whilst the majority of IBS patients are young adults, there is a cohort of patients over the age of 45 with IBS who may benefit from similar interventions. In January 2017, the dietetic-led refractory IBS (RIBS) Service in Gloucestershire expanded its direct access inclusion criteria to allow GP referral of patients >45 years with negative GI investigation within the previous 5 years and no change in symptoms. Consultant referrals following negative investigation in this age group are also accepted. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of data collected during patient consultations. Patients over 45 years referred to the RIBS service by GP or consultant were assessed and provided with detailed advice on a low FODMAP diet by a specialist dietitian, to be followed for 6 weeks. An 11 point symptom evaluation was completed before and after dietary manipulation and total scores were calculated. Typical bowel frequency and stool consistency were recorded, along with responses to a global symptom question 'do you currently have satisfactory relief of your gut symptoms?' Results 107 patients>45 years of age have completed treatment within the RIBS service (82% with diarrhoea or mixed symptom predominance). Individual and total symptom scores demonstrate an average reduction in severity of almost 50% after following a FODMAP exclusion diet (figure 1), with mean total symptom score before treatment 60.9 (range 27–89/110) reducing to 36.0 after treatment (range 11–89/110). Sixty-seven percent (72/107) of patients reported satisfactory relief of their gut symptoms following dietary restriction (figure 2). Direct-access patients who did not respond to treatment were discussed within a consultant-led MDT, with further advice, clinician review or investigation arranged as appropriate. No known cases of IBD or cancer have been missed to date using this pathway of care.Abstract PTU-123 Figure 1 Pre (appt 1) and post (appt 2) treatment symptom scoresAbstract PTU-123 Figure 2 Do you currently have satisfactory relief of your gut symptoms? Conclusions Treatment within a dietetic-led, direct-access service with an appropriate, policed care pathway and MDT support is a safe and clinically effective management strategy for patients over the age of 45 with diagnosed IBS symptoms. The pathway provides an important adjunct to 'straight to test' referral protocols for GP's in those over 45 with stable symptoms and previously negative colonoscopy, diverting these patients from unnecessary specialist review and costly further investigation.


The Legend of Good Women's transmission history in the fifteenth century shows that early readers attended to it as a whole and as part of an ongoing dialogue about love and literature, although confusion about the number of legends the poem contains suggests that many readers knew it by reputation rather than firsthand. As sixteenth- century printed editions made the Legend more widely available, they created new contexts for reading the poem. The paratexts in these editions emphasize the role of the Prologue, treating it primarily as a response to Troilus and Criseyde and secondarily as an allegory for Chaucer's interactions with his patrons. This emphasis on the Prologue and its relevance to Chaucer's biography has set the pattern for modern critics' responses to the poem.


Electromagnetic levitation system(EMLS) is one of the well known nonlinear systems. Often, it is not easy to control an EMLS due to its high nonlinearity. In this paper, we first apply two linearization method(jacobian and input-output feedback linearization) to design two feedback controllers for an EMLS. Then, by observing the advantages of each controller, we design a switching control algorithm which engage two controllers depending on the position of the steel ball in order to achieve the improved performance over each controller. The validity of our switching control approach is verified via both simulation and actual experimental results.


Supervised neural networks, which first map an input $x$ to a single representation $z$, and then map $z$ to the output label $y$, have achieved remarkable success in a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Despite their success, neural models lack for both robustness and generality: small perturbations to inputs can result in absolutely different outputs; the performance of a model trained on one domain drops drastically when tested on another domain.
In this paper, we present methods to improve robustness and generality of NLP models from the standpoint of disentangled representation learning. Instead of mapping $x$ to a single representation $z$, the proposed strategy maps $x$ to a set of representations $\{z_1,z_2,...,z_K\}$ while forcing them to be disentangled. These representations are then mapped to different logits $l$s, the ensemble of which is used to make the final prediction $y$. We propose different methods to incorporate this idea into currently widely-used models, including adding an $L$2 regularizer on $z$s or adding Total Correlation (TC) under the framework of variational information bottleneck (VIB). We show that models trained with the proposed criteria provide better robustness and domain adaptation ability in a wide range of supervised learning tasks.


Orientalist works have rebuilt and recreated the East by transferring texts, paintings, movies, media and by virtue of social media tools from the past until today. Cultural media products which can shape our vision of the world, change the perception of the audience and affect the thought and decision thereof have led to the creation of the issue of East fiction founded by Orientalism which has brought about the perception of "us" and "others".Approach of Eastern societies to information as to themselves with the Western view leads to self-orientalism, and products created through Eastern individuals who are alienated to their society are shaped in the orientalist western information. This research hereby will evaluate the recreation of historical events and historical figures within the context of self-orientalism and try to determine how orientalist discourse is reflected in the Turkish television series. In this context, history of Ottoman history will be revealed by virtue of the "Magnificent Century" serial case which has taken the orientalist interpretation of history as well as the subject and fiction thereof from history while orientalist fictions will be evaluated through specific themes such as space, design, clothing, harem life and ways of behavior. The research will be carried out by virtue of qualitative techniques. A theoretical and conceptual background of the research will be created thanks to literature studies while document review will be applied as the research technique and the information obtained will be discussed.


Introduction: Fifty percent of ER positive MBC patients do not benefit from ET. Potential mechanisms of resistance to ET in this patient population include absence of ER expression by deletion or suppression, alteration in ER signaling pathway genes, or upregulation of multiple growth factor receptor pathways. We hypothesized that genotyping and phenotyping of CTC combined with genomic analysis of ptDNA will provide important insights into the multiple mechanisms of ET resistance and that a set of blood tests might serve as a "liquid biopsy" abrogating the need for tissue specimens. Methods: Twenty-four patients providing informed consent were enrolled into the Mi CTC-ONCOSEQ study, a companion trial to Mi-ONCOSEQ (the Michigan Oncology Sequencing Program). Seven of these patients (5 with ER immunohistochemistry (IHC) positive and 2 with ER negative cancers) who had available archived primary and metastatic cancer tissue, a research metastatic biopsy for genomic analysis, and who had ≥5CTC/7.5 ml whole blood (WB) characterized for ER protein (CTC-ER) are the focus of this report. All the patients were ET refractory. None of them was progressing on fulvestrant at the time of study entry. CTC enumeration and phenotyping was performed with CellSearch©. Circulating ptDNA was analyzed by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). ER status from archived tissue was obtained from chart review. ER mRNA expression was determined in the research biopsy of metastatic tissue by using quantitative RNA sequencing. Mutational status of ER gene, ESR1, was determined by Next-gen Sequencing using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. Results: The 2 control patients with triple negative breast cancer had negative CTC-ER. Discordance between CTC-ER and tissue ER by IHC was observed (Table). Two of the 5 ER positive patients retained CTC-ER positivity (39% and 19% of the CTC). One of them (#7) harbored an ESR1 mutation in the research biopsy tissue and in ptDNA, whereas the other (#14) had wild type (WT) ESR1. CTC-ER protein levels in patients #12, 17 and 24 were negative. All had WT ESR1 in the research biopsy tissue. Of note, patient #12 had WT ESR1 in the research biopsy, but an ESR1 mutation was detected in her ptDNA. Conclusions: These exploratory data suggest heterogeneous mechanisms of resistance to ET in patients with previously determined ER-positive MBC, including ESR1 mutations in ER positive cases (seen in 2 patients) and loss of ER expression (seen in CTC of 3 patients). In contrast, other cancers continue to express WT ESR1, and therefore must have developed alternative mechanisms of resistance. At least 2 of these mechanisms can be detected and monitored with complementary circulating assays: CTC and ptDNA. Further investigations are needed to understand the heterogeneous mechanisms of resistance to ET. Citation Format: Paoletti C, Aung K, Cannell EM, Darga EP, Chu D, Kidwell KM, Thomas DG, Tokudome N, Brown ME, McNutt LM, Gersch C, Schott AF, Park BH, Robinson DR, Chinnaiyan AM, Rae JM, Hayes DF. Molecular analysis of cancer tissue, circulating tumor cells (CTC) and cell-free plasma tumor DNA (ptDNA) suggests variable mechanisms of resistance to endocrine therapy (ET) in estrogen receptor (ER) positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-05-01.


Ten men and nine women ages 35 to 55 consumed two diets for 6 weeks each in a cross-over design. The diets were composed of identical natural foods and 30% of the calories as either sucrose or wheat starch. Carbohydrate, fat, and protein supplied 43, 42, and 15% of the calories, respectively. Of the calories 10% was eaten at breakfast (7:00 to 8:30 AM) and 90% at dinner (4:30 to 6:30 PM). Inital body weights were essentially maintained. Fasting serum insulin and glucose levels were significantly higher with the sucrose than with the starch diet. The insulin response and the insulin:glucose ratios after a sucrose load (2 g/kg body weight) were greater after the subjects consumed the sucrose diet. Sucrose feeding produced increases in fasting serum insulin, the insulin:glucose ratio and the insulin response to a sucrose load that were of greater magnitude in a subgroup of nine subjects classified as potentially carbohydrate-sensitive than in normal subjects. Glucose response to a sucrose load and fasting serum glucagon did not differ significantly with diet. Fasting insulin and glucose showed significant increases as a function of time on diet. These results indicate that sucrose feeding produces undersirable changes in several of the parameters associated with glucose tolerance.


Introduction Although gastrin cells are not found in the adult pancreas, they are found transiently in the neonatal pancreas. It has been suggested that gastrin may play a role in pancreatic development. However, cell kinetics as well as the fate and the role of gastrin cells are not clear. Methodology Proliferation and functional changes of pancreatic gastrin cells in neonatal Wister rats were studied by immunohistochemistry and [ 3 H]thymidine autoradiography. Results Numbers of pancreatic gastrin cells in neonatal rats showed a peak immediately after birth and then decreased rapidly. Gastrin cells were observed within approximately 2 weeks after birth in islets and within approximately 4 weeks after birth among exocrine cells. In contrast with the decrease of gastrin cell numbers, numbers of duodenal cholecystokinin cells increased remarkably after 7 days of age. Proliferative activity of acinar cells showed two peaks at age 2 days and 9 days. Despite a decrease in gastrin cell numbers, gastrin cells maintained a certain degree of proliferative activity. The "re-staining method" for gastrin and insulin revealed that immunoreactive cells for both gastrin and insulin were rarely found a few days after birth. Conclusion These results suggest that pancreatic gastrin cells do not die off or change to another type of endocrine cell and that some gastrin cells change to insulin cells.


This work presents a novel control loop concept to adjust dynamically a differential ring oscillators (DRO) biasing in order to improve the phase noise performance (PN) in the ultra-low-power domain. Applying this proposed feedback system on any DRO with a tail current source is possible. The following paper presents the proposed concept and includes measurements of a 180 nm CMOS integrated prototype system, which underlines the feasibility of the discussed idea. Measurements show an up to 35 dBc/Hz phase noise improvement with an active control loop. Moreover, the tuning range of the implemented ring oscillator is extended by about 430 % compared to fixed bias operation. These values are measured at a minimum oscillation power consumption of 55 pW/Hz. University LSI Design Contest ASP-DAC 2021


Polymer adsorption from solution to solid surface plays an important role in bridging flocculation. It is desirable to understand the dynamics of adsorption for a number of reasons. For example, the balance between flocculation and stabilization of a colloidal suspension can be affected by the dynamics of adsorption. Although a number of experimental studies on kinetics of polymer adsorption have been reported in the literature, there is a need for a comprehensive model for diffusion in the interfacial region. Such a model is proposed in this paper. The connectivity of the homopolymer segments is assumed to be described by a random flight model within the framework of mean field theory while the dynamics of the probability of the connected segment is given by the Smoluchowski equation. The model yields the profiles for evolution of surface excess with time. This is then compared with surface excess obtained from equilibrium calculations. It is found that the surface excess predicted by the dynamical model at long times is the same as that predicted by equilibrium calculations. The dynamical adsorption behavior of homopolymers of different chain lengths is also studied. It is found, as expected, that longer chains adsorb more than the smaller chains and tend to equilibrate slower than smaller chains.