BACKGROUND
The relative contributions of different, potential factors to new bone formation in periosteal distraction osteogenesis are unknown.

PURPOSE
The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of original bone and periosteum on bone formation during periosteal distraction osteogenesis in a rat calvarial model by means of histology and histomorphometry.

METHODS
A total of 48 rats were used for the experiment. The contribution of the periosteum was assessed by either intact or incised periosteum or an occlusive versus a perforated distraction plate. The cortical bone was either left intact or perforated. Animals were divided in eight experimental groups considering the three possible treatment modalities. All animals were subjected to a 7-day latency period, a 10-day distraction period and a 7-day consolidation period. The newly formed bone was analyzed histologically and histomorphometrically.

RESULTS
New, mainly woven bone was found in all groups. Differences in the maximum height of new bone were observed and depended on location. Under the distraction plate, statistically significant differences in maximum bone height were found between the group with perforations in both cortical bone and distraction plate and the group without such perforations.

CONCLUSIONS
If the marrow cavities were not opened, the contribution to new bone formation was dominant from the periosteum. If the bone perforations opened the marrow cavities, a significant contribution to new bone formation originated from the native bone.


This letter describes a hybrid plug/compartment (HyPC) kinetic model to fit dynamic indocyanine green fluorescence data acquired in a porcine model of long bone traumatic fracture. Parametric images of periosteal blood flow, endosteal blood flow, total bone blood flow and fraction of endosteal‐to‐periosteal flow were obtained by applying the HyPC model on a pixel‐by‐pixel basis. Intraoperative discrimination between healthy and damaged bone could facilitate debridement reducing post‐operative complications from non‐union and infection. The ability to quantify periosteal and endosteal blood flow could inform nail vs. plate‐and‐screw decisions to avoid further compromising cortical blood supply.


Elevated wildfire activity in many regions in recent decades has increased concerns about the short‐ and long‐term effects on water quantity, quality, and aquatic ecosystem health. Often, loss of canopy interception and transpiration, along with changes in soil structural properties, leads to elevated total annual water yields, peak flows, and low flows. Post‐fire land management treatments are often used to promote forest regeneration and mitigate effects to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. However, few studies have investigated the longer‐term effects of either wildfire or post‐fire land management on catchment hydrology. Our objectives were to quantify and compare the short‐ and longer‐term effects of both wildfire and post‐fire forest management treatments on annual discharge, peak flows, low flows, and evapotranspiration (AET). We analyzed ten years of pre‐fire data, along with post‐fire data from 1 to 7 and 35 to 41 years after wildfire burned three experimental catchments in the Entiat Experimental Forest (EEF) in the Pacific Northwest, USA. After the fire, two of the catchments were salvage logged, aerially seeded, and fertilized, while the third catchment remained as a burned reference. We observed increases in annual discharge (150–202%), peak flows (234–283%), and low flows (42–81%), along with decreases in AET (34–45%), across all three study catchments in the first seven year period after the EEF wildfire. Comparatively, annual discharge, peak flows, lows flows, and AET had returned to pre‐fire levels 35–41 years after the EEF fire in the two salvage logged and seeded catchments. Surprisingly, in the catchment that was burned but not actively managed, the annual discharge and runoff ratios remained elevated, while AET remained lower, during the period 35–41 years after the EEF fire. We posit that differences in long‐term hydrologic recovery across catchments were driven by delayed vegetation recovery in the unmanaged catchment. Our study demonstrates that post‐fire land management decisions have the potential to produce meaningful differences in the long‐term recovery of catchment‐scale ecohydrologic processes and streamflow.


Sensory nerves synthesize tachykinins and calcitonin-gene related peptide and package these neuropeptides together in synaptic vesicles. Stimulation of these C-fibers by a range of chemical and physical factors results in afferent neuronal conduction that elicits central parasympathetic reflexes and in antidromic conduction that results in local release of neuropeptides through the axon reflex. In the airways, sensory neuropeptides act on bronchial smooth muscle, the mucosal vasculature, and submucosal glands to promote airflow obstruction, hyperemia, microvascular hyperpermeability, and mucus hypersecretion. In addition, tachykinins potentiate cholinergic neurotransmission. Proinflammatory effects of these peptides also promote the recruitment, adherence, and activation of granulocytes that may further exacerbate neurogenic inflammation (i.e., neuropeptide-induced plasma extravasation and vasodilation). Enzymatic degradation limits the physiological effects of tachykinins but may be impaired by respiratory infection or other factors. Given their sensitivity to noxious compounds and physical stimuli and their potent effects on airway function, it is possible that neuropeptide-containing sensory nerves play an important role in mediating airway responses in human disease. Supporting this view are the striking phenomenological similarities between hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction (HIB) in guinea pigs and HIB in patients with exercise-induced asthma. Endogenous tachykinins released from airway sensory nerves mediate HIB in guinea pigs and also cause hyperpnea-induced bronchovascular hyperpermeability in these animals. On the basis of these observations, it is reasonable to speculate that sensory neuropeptides participate in the pathogenesis of hyperpnea-induced airflow obstruction in human asthmatic subjects as well.


Anorexia nervosa is a severe disorder which seems likely to have a multifactorial aetiology. However, several studies have stressed that genetic factors play a significant role. Epidemiological studies have shown that the lifetime risk for first-degree relatives of a patient with an eating disorder is 6% compared to 1% among relatives of controls, and a twin study performed on 34 pairs of twins has shown a higher concordance rate in monozygotic twins (55%) compared to dizygotic twins (7%). The vulnerability component of anorexia nervosa that can be attributed to genetic influences has been estimated from twin studies to be around 70%. Despite this, few genetic studies have been performed testing the role of candidate genes which code for proteins potentially implicated in the aetiopathogenesis of the disorder. In this review, genes encoding components of the dopamine, serotonin, opiate, and noradrenaline systems are assessed for their role in anorexia nervosa. Attention is paid to psychological dimensions, clinical symptoms, co-morbidity frequency, pharmacological data, and biological measures that characterize anorexia nervosa.


This study investigates the impact of recruitment and selection criteria on performance using Fidelity Bank Plc, Lagos Nigeria as focal point. The analyses of 130 valid responses obtained through a questionnaire that was administered to randomly selected respondents revealed that recruitment and selection criteria have significant effect on organization's performance (X = 35.723; df = 3; p<0.05). The more objective the recruitment and selection criteria, the better the organization's performance (X = 20.007; df = 4; p<0.05).


Sweeteners are substances with a sweet taste. Based on their relative sweetness compared to sucrose, sweeteners are divided into intense or bulk sweeteners. In the past, the Scientific Committee on Food was the scientific guarantor for the safety of food additives (including sweeteners) in use within the European Union (EU). At present, this responsibility lies with the European Food Safety Authority. Extensive scientific research has demonstrated the safety of all sweeteners permitted for food use in the EU. Their safety is documented by the results of several in vitro and in vivo animal studies, tests in humans, and in some cases epidemiological studies. Their safety has been evaluated through a risk assessment process covering hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure assessment and risk characterization. Permitted sweeteners have been allocated an acceptable daily intake (ADI), which is the amount of a food additive, expressed as mg/kg body weig
 ht, that can be ingested daily over a lifetime without incurring any appreciable health risk. ADI ''acceptable'' means that the expected exposure to the substance used in foods at the levels necessary to achieve desired technological effects does not represent a hazard to health. The consumption of sweeteners in the quantities within the ADI does not constitute a health hazard to consumers. Keywords: acesulfame K; ADI; aspartame; cyclamate; polyol; risk assessment; saccharin; sweetener


Objective: This paper summarizes the progress of medical research on the chemical composition and pharmacological action of Chrysanthemum morifolium. Method: The method relying upon the literature and academic research. Result: Since ancient times, chrysanthemum plant has been used for both pharmacological and diet purposes. According to the literature, it has been confirmed to compose of a variety of chemical constituents, including essential oil, flavonoid, amino acid, micronutrient, chlorogenic acid, etc. It can also release a broad spectrum of pharmacological reactions, including anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, vasodilatation, anti-tumor, lowing blood fat and excreting lead. Conclusion: Chrysanthemum contains very high officinal value. There will be a prospect for nurturing larger proportion of chrysanthemum and other species in this kind to explore its greater development potential in future.


Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are the most frequently isolated bacteria from bovine mammary gland milk samples. The objective of this study was to determine the type of inflammation evoked by CNS in the mammary gland of cows during their first lactation. Twenty-four Israeli-Holstein heifers in their first lactation were tested for bacteriological status, somatic cell count (SCC) and differential leucocyte count in milk 60-120 days postparturition and every 50-60 days after until drying off. Following the first testing, the 96 quarters of the 24 heifers were classified as follows: 69.8% as no bacterial growth (NBG), 27.1% infected with CNS and 3.1% infected with Staphylococcus aureus. During lactation, 84.5% quarters had no change in their classification, 6.2% were newly infected with other pathogens, 3.1% were classified as self-cured and in 6.2% sporadic bacteria were isolated. Among the CNS, S. intermedius, S. chromogenes and S. haemolyticus were the most frequently isolated. Milk from CNS-infected quarters had significantly higher SCC than milk from NBG quarters. An analysis of the leucocyte pattern in milk from CNS vs. NBG quarters revealed a significant increase in polymorphonuclears and a significant decrease in the percentage of total lymphocytes and lymphocytes bearing CD4+ or CD8+. The high percentage of CNS-infected quarters that remained unchanged in their bacterial status during the first lactation, indicates that those CNS have the ability to elude the immune system and persist in the mammary gland for a long time. The persisting infection, resulting to some extent from an increase of SCC by some CNS strains, suggests that in the near future control steps will have to be taken into consideration, in order to enhance the improvement of milk quality.


We use a LaCoste-Romberg model D gravimeter to measure the gravitational forces at fixed positions when a large cylindrical reservoir is full and when it is empty. The differences determine the intermediate-range force at various separations around 50 m to about 0.5% accuracy.


Background In reviewing health inequalities it is not sufficient to simply focus on those most affected, instead there should be a whole systems approach to have the maximum effect upon the population (Marmot, 2010). Within such an approach 'the mechanisms giving rise to inequalities are still imperfectly understood' (Woodward & Kawachi, 2000). Further it has been suggested that evidence remains to be gathered on the effectiveness of interventions to reduce inequalities (Gottfredson, 2004), particularly within end of life care (EOLC) (Care Quality Commission, 2016). Methodology To understand the mechanisms giving rise to inequalities in EOLC we utilised an adapted process map of the EOLC journey (Trebble et al., 2010). Within this map we highlighted pinpoints. Pinpoints are places within the journey where a clinician decides whether there is a referral to another service. At each pinpoint a patient profile was taken looking at their basic demographics (including disease and place of death) and index of multiple deprivation score. Results The initial data review illustrated similarities across all the pinpoints with the exception of hospice care services that showed a significant increase in the number of patients classified within the 7–10 on the index of multiple deprivation and cancer diagnosis. Further Research At present statistical analysis is on going into the differences between the pinpoints. At the same time a literature review sought to analyse if there was evidence of a similar anomaly within another healthcare setting; in which it was identified that implicit bias was a potential cause (Fitzgerald & Hurst, 2017). The next phase of the research looks to test, using an Implicit Association Test method, whether implicit bias is present in the EOLC journey and develop an intervention to remove it.


Purpose: The main objective of this study is to introduce the concept of managerial innovation and to propose a quantitative methodology to measure the degree of managerial innovation capability by analyzing the evolution of the techniques used for management functions. Design/methodology/approach : The methodology mainly focuses on the different techniques used for each management functions namely; Planning, Organizing, Leading, Controlling and Coordinating. These functions are studied and the different techniques used for them are listed. Since the techniques used for these management functions evolve in time due to technological and social changes, a methodology is required to measure the degree of managerial innovation capability. This competency is measured through an analysis performed to point out which techniques used for each of these functions. Findings: To check the validity and applicability of this methodology, it is implemented to a manufacturing company. Depending on the results of the implementation, enhancements are suggested to the company for each function to survive in the changing managerial conditions Research limitations/implications: The primary limitation of this study is the implementation area. Although the study is implemented in just a single manufacturing company, it is welcomed to apply the same methodology to measure the managerial innovation capabilities of other manufacturing companies. Moreover, the model is ready to be adapted to different sectors although it is mainly prepared for manufacturing sector. Originality/value: Although innovation management is widely studied, managerial innovation is a new concept and introduced to measure the capability to challenge the changes occur in managerial functions. As a brief this methodology aims to be a pioneer in the field of managerial innovation regarding the evolution of management functions. Therefore it is expected to lead more studies to inspect the progress of change throughout the history and the future trends.


Purpose: Many studies conclude that emotional quotient significantly affects students' aggressive behaviour. By reviewing existing research articles the researcher focuses on the association between emotional intelligence and aggressive behaviour. The study's second goal is to call attention to specific facets of the relationship that were investigated. We also hoped to find research gaps that could lead to more research, in the future, in this area. The findings could be used as a foundation for developing emotional intelligence and emotional regulation programmes aimed at reducing adolescents' aggressive behaviour.
Design/Methodology/Approach: We looked for articles published between 2000 and 2021 using the primary databases; Google Scholar, Research Gate, Academia, SSRN, Shodhganga, PubMed, Rayyan, and Elsevier. The words like emotional intelligence, aggressive behaviour, interventions, and aggression were used for searching articles.
Findings/Result: These findings reveal a clear link between emotional abilities and aggressive behaviour: those with greater emotional intelligence have less aggression, while people with lower emotional intelligence have more aggression. This relationship shows to hold true across a range of ages i.e., from childhood onwards, cultures, aggression kinds, and emotional intelligence assessments. Based on these review study it also discussed and put forward future research into emotional intelligence tactics and strategies for preventing and regulating aggressiveness.
Originality/Value: The study concluded that there exists a need for future research on psychological intervention and coping strategies, anger rumination, emotional regulating training program and relaxation therapy for enhancing the emotional wellbeing of adolescents. Both child's interventions as well as parental interventions may raise mental health.
Paper Type: Systematic analysis of literature review.


SUMMARY During 1988 and 1989, the mesenteric veins of 901 cattle were examined for the presence of schistosomes at the Kandy slaughterhouse (Sri Lanka). The overall prevalence of infection was 31·2%. Animals younger than 2 years were less infected (21·3%) than those older than 5 years (47·9%). Based on the number of paired worms counted, three intensities of infection were recognized: low (1–20 pairs), moderate (21–100 pairs) and heavy (> 100 pairs). Intensities increased with the age of the animals but remained low (average 10 worm pairs). The worm burden increased by approximately 20% for each step in age group. The number of miracidia/100 g faeces was measured in 85 animals of all age groups and intensities of infection; 77% of the samples contained less than 100 miracidia. Miracidia counts decreased with age; moderately and heavily infected animals in each age group had the highest and the lowest counts, respectively. This may be due to a host immune response. The results raise questions on the sensitivity of faecal egg counts as a diagnostic method for visceral schistosomiasis in cattle.


A method for homogeneously assaying biopolymer bonding includes obtaining signals from a test sample before, during and/or after the application of stimulus to the test sample and correlating the signals. The signals, whose magnitude correlate with binding affinity, can be, for example, electrical conductance and/or fluorescent intensity. The stimulus can be, for example, electric voltage and/or laser radiation. Preferably, different types of signals are measured and compared so as to enhance the reliability of the assay.


Namakwa Sands is a heavy minerals mining and beneficiation business in the Anglo Base Metals Division, and operates along the West Coast of South Africa. The business encompasses mining, mineral concentration, separation, and smelting operations. The smelting process comprises the carbonaceous reduction of ilmenite to produce titania slag with a TiO2 content of 86%, and iron with a carbon content of 2.5%. The Namakwa Sands smelter, situated near the Saldanha Bay harbour, commenced smelting operations in 1994, when a 25 MW DC-arc furnace was commissioned. The smelting operations were expanded in 1999, with the commissioning of a second 35 MW DC-arc furnace. Despite the fact that ilmenite smelting poses a technical challenge in terms of the high temperatures required, the physical characteristics of the slag, the constraints placed on the feedstock, and the tight product specifications, Namakwa Sands has continually increased slag production since 1995. High furnace feed-on utilization and furnace stability, complemented by continuous improvement drives, will be the vehicle to drive performance in the short-term, with longer-term performance enhancements due to strategic process development. Keywords: Pyrometallurgy, Namakwa Sands, ilmenite, DC-arc furnace, titania slag, pig iron


A number of psychological and psychomotor tasks including auditory and visual reaction time, logic reasoning, mirror drawing, bead threading, rotary pursuit and digit adding, were presented to seventy-two healthy subjects, in different atmospheric conditions (temperature, ions and humidity as variables), to examine the possible role of negative air ions on circadian rhythm and human performance. Subjective ratings of both the environment and the subjects' feelings were determined. Physiological/biochemical measurements of body temperature and urinary excretion of 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA), sodium and potassium were also measured. In addition, to investigate the possible role of negative ions on perception of pain, eleven rheumatoid arthritis patients were subjected to two different atmospheric conditions: negative ions and no ions. Subjective pain assessment, subjective rating of environment and patients' own feelings were measured together with the urinary excretion of 5HIAA and 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid (3HAA). The first chapter consists of a review of the background literature and provides a general introduction to the current study. The second chapter describes the materials and general methods used in this work. Finally, the results of the studies on negative air ions are described in the remaining three chapters. The principal findings are summarised below: Circadian rhythm; Ten human male subjects, aged twenty to twenty-seven were participants. The subjects were tested every two hours during two periods of twelve hours (09.00-21.00 hrs and 21.00-09.00 hrs). The results indicate that negative air ions have a significant effect on circadian rhythm of: sodium, potassium and 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid excretion in urine and also auditory reaction time and digit adding. Human performance; This work was divided into three parts; Experiment 1 had negative ions as a variable, Experiment 2 had ions and subject earthing as variables, and Experiment 3 humidity as a variable; ions present in both a 'dry' and a 'humid' environment. The results of 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) measurements are equivocal. In all of the experiments a proportion of individuals responded to negative ions by either increasing or decreasing urinary 5HIAA excretion. The results of the psychological task performance indicate that at the room temperature employed in these experiments (29°C) only a few significant effects of ions could be demonstrated. For example, there was an improved performance at rotary pursuit (Experiment 1); improved mirror drawing in females (Experiment 2); and a reduction in visual reaction time (Experiment 3). Earthing and humidity have no effect on performance. However, corresponding to the literature more consistent effects are evident at a lower ambient temperature (e.g. 19 C). Therefore it may be concluded that the effect of negative ions on human performance depends upon the ambient temperature. Pain perception; Eleven rheumatoid arthritis patients participated. The results of 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid (3HAA) excretion in urine indicate that eight out of eleven patients had high levels of excretion. The significant correlation between the level of 3HAA excretion and subjective pain assessment disappeared in the negative ion condition. Patients also had high pain thresholds and rated the environment more comfortable in negative ion condition. From the above results it may be concluded that negative ions, may increase the level of pain threshold and consequently, affect the perception of pain. However, the mechanisms of such an hypothetical relationship remain to be determined.


Thermal energy storage has attracted more and more attentions due mainly to its ability of peak load shifting. Shell-and-tube configuration is a typical heat exchanger for thermal energy storage. To enhance phase change heat transfer, open-cell metal foam has been involved in various kinds of shell-and-tube heat exchangers. To further improve the overall thermal performance of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, metal foams with gradient porosities were inserted into the shell side. Positive and negative gradients in porosity were studied for comparison. Numerical model was developed based on the finite volume method and three sets of numerical simulations were performed. Transient melting front and melting fraction were illustrated for comparison. Results demonstrated that the positive gradient in porosity outperformed the other two kinds of configurations, resulting in a 17.5% reduction in full melting time.


In the era of complete genome sequences, biochemical and medical research will focus more on the dynamic proteome of a cell. Regulation of proteins by post-translational modifications, which are not determined by the gene sequence, are already intensively studied. One example is phosphorylation of serines and threonines, probably the single most common cellular regulatory mechanism. In this paper we describe the sequencing of mono- and bisphosphorylated peptides, including identification of the phosphorylation sites, by post-source decay (PSD) in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In addition to dephosphorylation of the parent ions, we studied the influence of the phosphate group on the fragmentation of peptides. Generally, peptides phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues displayed no difference in their fragmentation patterns. The intensities of the resulting fragment ion signals depend only on the peptide sequence and not on either the phosphorylated amino acid or its position in the peptide chain. Phosphorylation increased the bond cleavage C-terminal to the phosphorylation site more than 10-fold, resulting in abundant signals, which typically dominated the PSD spectra. The produced C-terminally phosphorylated b-type fragment ions showed characteristic dephosphorylated fragment ions b(n) -H(3)PO(4) (-98 Da) and b(n) -HPO(3) (-80 Da) of higher abundances than the phosphorylated fragment ion. As a second layer to identify the phosphorylation site, all internally phosphorylated fragment ions were accompanied by minor, but always detectable, signals of the dephosphorylated fragment ions. Interpretation of PSD spectra of phosphopeptides was not more complicated than for unphosphorylated peptides, despite the increased number of obtained fragment ion signals.


Diabetes mellitus is highly prevalent in Suriname, where it claims more than 170 deaths per year. Plantderived preparations are extensively used in the treatment of this disorder, but often without scientific proof of therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we searched in on-line libraries such as PubMed and Hinari for evidence of potential therapeutic efficacy of Surinamese plants that are commonly used for treating diabetes. The fifteen most frequently mentioned plants were Azadirachta indica (neem), Catharanthus roseus (kotomisi), Desmodium canum (toriman), Mangifera indica (manya), Momordica charantia (busi sopropo), Morinda citrifolia (didibri apra), Orthosiphon stamineus (kattesnor), Phyllanthus niruri (finibita), Physalis angulata (batotobita), Quassia amara (kwasibita), Ruellia tuberosa (watrakanu), Spondias dulcis (pomme citere), Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (isriwiwiri), Syzygium cumini (dyamun), and Wulffia baccata (sukrutanta). Preparations from A. indica and P. niruri may lower elevated blood sugar levels, but this assumption is only based on a few clinical studies. Those from M. charantia were positive in some clinical studies but negative in others, while those from S. cumini turned out negative in all clinical tests. Preparations from C. roseus , M. indica , M. citrifolia , and O. stamineus have only undergone preclinical evaluation. And those from D. canum , P. angulata , Q. amara , R. tuberosa , S. dulcis , S. jamaicensis , and W. baccata have never been tested. Thus, the scientific evidence to support the clinical use of the above-mentioned plants in the treatment of diabetes is scant. Patients treat their disease with substances that may be ineffective and/or may cause unforeseen adverse effects. The plants should be evaluated in well-designed preclinical and clinical studies to define their roles in the treatment of diabetes.


An antenna theory (AT) approach in the frequency domain is presented to compute electromagnetic fields radiated by a lightning return stroke. The lightning channel is modeled as a lossy-wire monopole antenna (a wire antenna with distributed resistance) energized by a current source at its base, and the ground is modeled as a lossy half-space. The method of moments is used for solving the governing electric field integral equation (EFIE) in the frequency domain. The resultant current distribution along the channel is used to calculate electromagnetic fields at different distances from the channel. All field components are evaluated using a rapid but accurate procedure based on a new approximation of Sommerfeld integrals. In contrast with the previous models, the approach proposed here is characterized by a self-consistent treatment of different field components in air or on the surface of a lossy half-space. It is shown that the omission of surface wave terms in the general field equations, as done in the perfect-ground approximation, can strongly affect model-predicted field components.


This article aims to discuss the phenomena of hunger and poverty as social processes resulting from the absence of public policies of the state, which assure Brazilians of food in adequate quantity and quality, as a constitutional right. This is a bibliographical, descriptive and explanatory research, which took as reference the classic and contemporary theorists who study the themes, observing the rules established for this type of investigation, with the main purpose of presenting the efficiency of SISTEMINHA, a social and economic technology as an alternative for the alleviation of hunger, poverty, insufficient income, but also as an important mechanism of environmental sustainability, since all productive routing is organic, minimizing the negative impacts that agriculture and livestock bring to the nature, with interference in climate change.


We describe the off-diagonal spin basis for observing angular correlations in top quark pair production events at the Fermilab Tevatron. For events initiated by quark-antiquark annihilation, the top and antitop quark spins are 100% correlated in this basis: a spin-up top quark is always accompanied by a spin-down antitop quark and vice versa. Inclusion of the gluon-gluon initial state lowers the fraction of unlike spin events to 92%. Nevertheless, the angular correlations between the top and antitop quark decay products are twice as large in the off-diagonal basis as those in the more traditional helicity basis. We give two brief examples of how the presence of new physics would alter these correlations.


Autoregulation (AR), the capacity of retinal vessels to maintain a constant flow of blood during alterations in vascular perfusion pressure, has been studied by a variety of techniques. Psychophysical and electro‐physiological procedures have been used as indirect measurements of the effectiveness of AR for maintaining normal visual function during altered ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) in a single eye. However, there have been no studies in normal subjects which have investigated the responsivity of the contralateral eye while the fellow eye undergoes transient vascular stress. In the present study, the components of the bilaterally recorded scotopic flash electroretinogram (ERG) were used as objective indices of visual neural function during transiently altered OPP. The principal finding was that a decrease in the OPP for the test eye was associated with a reversible attenuation of the retinal responsivity in that eye, and a supranormal oscillatory' potential index in the contralateral eye. The existence of a central control mechanism, triggered at the eye level, may be responsible for this contralateral neural phenomenon.


Background: Surgery is the accepted method for treatment of complicated liver hydatid cysts. However, there is no consensus about the most appropriate management of incidentally discovered asymptomatic echinococcal cysts of the liver. Expectant management poses many patients at risk while operating all clinically silent liver hydatids, would impose burden on local health resources of endemic areas. Methods: We investigated 47 patients with clinically silent, ultrasonographically diagnosed liver hydatids during a period of one to ten years, to clarify the natural history of hepatic echinococcal cysts. Patients had a single asymptomatic liver hydatid cyst. We offered the patients to choose surgical treatment, or medical treatment with Albendazole. All patients declined both forms of treatment on grounds of not feeling particularly ill. Forty-three patients came back for regular followup visits lasted for 13 to 118 months. They were placed into three distinct groups, depending on their ensuing clinical course of disease. Results: Group A comprised of 16 patients whose initial complaints did not worsen nor developed new symptoms. In these patients the largest diameter of the cysts became smaller or the cyst disappeared completely. Group B consisted of 19 asymptomatic patients. Their liver cyst had increased in size from 2 to 7 cm with a mean diameter of 3.4 cm on ultrasound evaluation. Group C consisted of 8 patients who returned with complications of the cysts.


In a number of recent reports1-3 developmental impairments of a lasting nature have been attributed to prolonged or repeated episodes of otitis media occurring during the first one to three years of life. The impairments described include intellectural and learning difficulties,1,2,4-8,10-13 impaired speech and language,3,5,8,9,11-13 and disturbed behavior.7,8 In some of the reports1,12 the impairments have been referred to as permanent or irreversible.
 These reports, having appeared in publications directed respectively to physicians,2-4,6,8-13 speech-language-hearing professionals,1-3,5 educators,11 and psychologists,7,12 and in some instances having been cited in widely disseminated professional and lay news media (reference 14; Newsweek, June 14, 1976, p 47; New York Times, Dec 26, 1978, p C2) quite naturally have aroused broad anxiety and concern. The reports also have served to provide the impetus, or the justification, not only for aggressive casefinding programs, but also, in infants and children with recognized middle-ear effusions, for early recourse to aggressive modes of treatment, most often in the form of myringotomy and tympanostomy tube insertion.
 The purpose of the present report is to review critically the body of evidence on which the supposed relationship between early otitis media and later developmental impairments is based.
 DISEASE PROCESS
 In the typical case of acute otitis media, pus fills the middle-ear cavity. Sooner or later the infection begins to subside—with or without the help of antimicrobial drugs—and the initially purulent middle-ear liquid changes in character, coming to resemble serum, mucus, or even glue. With continued healing the Eustachian tube gradually recovers its ventilatory function, and the middle-ear liquid eventually is resorbed, or drains, and becomes replaced by air.


Multiple studies have illustrated the potential for dramatic societal, environmental and economic benefits from significant penetration of autonomous driving. However, all the current approaches to autonomous driving require the automotive manufacturers to shoulder the primary responsibility and liability associated with replacing human perception and decision making with automation, potentially slowing the penetration of autonomous vehicles, and consequently slowing the realization of the societal benefits of autonomous vehicles. We propose here a new approach to autonomous driving that will re-balance the responsibility and liabilities associated with autonomous driving between traditional automotive manufacturers, private infrastructure players, and third-party players. Our proposed distributed intelligence architecture leverages the significant advancements in connectivity and edge computing in the recent decades to partition the driving functions between the vehicle, edge computers on the road side, and specialized third-party computers that reside in the vehicle. Infrastructure becomes a critical enabler for autonomy. With this Infrastructure Enabled Autonomy (IEA) concept, the traditional automotive manufacturers will only need to shoulder responsibility and liability comparable to what they already do today, and the infrastructure and third-party players will share the added responsibility and liabilities associated with autonomous functionalities. We propose a Bayesian Network Model based framework for assessing the risk benefits of such a distributed intelligence architecture. An additional benefit of the proposed architecture is that it enables "autonomy as a service" while still allowing for private ownership of automobiles.


The short irradiation facility of the IEA-R1 nuclear research reactor at IPEN, São Paulo,  Brazil, has been used for short irradiation of samples for the purpose of determining the concentration of elements of these samples through the use of the instrumental neutron activation analysis technique. With the aim of implementing the k0-NAA method at the Neutron Activation Analysis Laboratory (LAN), the reactor parameters a and f were obtained using the bare triple method. In this method, a set of three neutron flux monitors were irradiated without Cd-cover. The efficiency curve of the gamma-ray spectrometer used was determined by measuring calibrated radioactive sources at the commonly used counting geometries. The results for the parameters a and f were respectively 0.0384±0.0016 and 35.67±0.26. This value of f shows that the neutrons in the irradiation position are well thermalized.The variation of these parameters was studied with time and the reproducibility was verified.


Nearly 11 years has passed since the convening of the First International Mosasaur Meeting, held in Maastricht, The Netherlands, May 8-12, 2004. That conference set the standard and format for what has now become a triennial pilgrimage for researchers studying these unique marine tetrapods. It is only fitting that the first meeting was held near the site where the first mosasaur fossil discovery was made. Similarly, the Second International Mosasaur Meeting in 2007 was held at Hays, Kansas, near the North American source of many of the classic mosasaur collections held worldwide. The Third International Mosasaur Meeting took place in Paris, France, now home of the "Grand Animal de Maestricht" and many other significant mosasaur specimens from Europe, North Africa, and North America. Although the picturesque settings, facilities, and collections of these venues contributed greatly, what truly makes these meetings such wonderful successes are the people. A gathering of specialists, a relatively small group, provides opportunities for interaction among colleagues that share both fascination and passion for the evolution, systematics, function, and ecology of mosasaurs and their role in the oceans they inhabited. Sharing and openness leads to collaboration and allows mentoring, training, and recruitment of the next generation of scientists. Following on the success of the previous meetings and benefitting greatly from the sage advice of previous hosts, the 4 International Mosasaur Meeting was held in Dallas, Texas, at Southern Methodist University, May 20-25, 2013. Over 30 scientists from 10 countries were in attendance, with 37 talks and 5 posters presented over three days, interspersed with guest speakers and tours during lunch breaks. This was followed by two days of field trips visiting localities representing ∼25 Ma record of mosasaur evolution in north Texas at the southern end of the Western Interior Seaway. The presentations published herein cover a range of topics from historical summaries (Sachs et al., this volume), to evaluation of taxonomic concepts and reports of new specimens (Schulp and Jagt, this volume; Harrell and Martin, this volume; Ikejiri and Lucas, this volume; Hornung and Reich, this volume), paleogeography (Rabinovich et al., this volume), associated fauna and faunal transition (Gallagher, this volume; Araujo et al., this volume a,b), and refined dating and inferences of paleoecology through the application of geochemistry (Strganac et al., this volume a,b; Harrell and Pérez-Huerta, this volume). We thank Louis Jacobs, James Brooks, Dale Winkler, Tony Fiorillo, and Diana Vinyard for their significant help and support in organizing the 4 International Triennial Mosasaur Conference, managing logistics, and for their participation in the meeting and field trips. We also thank the SMU graduate and undergraduate students and Dallas Paleontological Society members who helped with various aspects of meeting including Chris Strganac, John Graf, Ellie Esquivel, Connor Flynn, Tyler Nelson, Bill Johnson and Rocky Manning. The meeting was financially supported by the Institute for the Study of Earth and Man at SMU, the Perot Museum of Nature and Science, Dedman College, and the Dallas Paleontological Society. We thank Dean Bill Tsutsui and Mark Hughston for special assistance and their support of the conference. We thank Mike Everhart and Nathalie Bardet, previous hosts of triennial meetings, for sharing their valuable experience with us. We also thank the editor of the Netherlands Journal of Geosciences, Professor Ronald van Balen and editorial assistant Pim Kaskes, for providing the venue for publication of this volume and the reviewers of these contributions. In keeping with the international scope of the Triennial Mosasaur Meetings, the next will be hosted by Johan Lindgren in Lund, Sweden.


The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that an improved outcome can be achieved by employing simultaneous steroid injection after percutaneous A1 pulley release. One hundred and twelve digits were randomized to either percutaneous A1 pulley release alone or release of the A1 pulley with a steroid injection. The visual analogue scale score for pain, modified patient global impression of improvement and modified Quinnell grade were assessed at 3 weeks and 3 months after surgery. At 3 weeks, subjective improvement in the group with simultaneous steroid injection was significantly superior. At 3 months, pain score in the patients without a steroid injection was significantly better. No significant differences were found in the modified Quinnell grade. We conclude from this study that the simultaneous steroid injection at the time of surgical release decreases pain and improves subjective outcomes during the early postoperative period after percutaneous trigger finger release. Level of evidence: I


The shot noise properties in boron devices are investigated with a tight-binding model and the non-equilibrium Green's function. It is found that the shot noise and Fano factors can be tuned by changing the structures, the size, and the coupling strength. The shot noise is suppressed momentarily as we switch on the bias voltage, and the electron correlation is significant. The Fano factors are more sensitive to the ribbon width than to the ribbon length in the full coupling context. In the weak-coupling context, the Fano factors are almost invariant with the increase of length and width over a wide bias range.


This paper considers the Multiplicity-Induced-Dominancy (MID) property for second order neutral time-delay differential equations. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a root of maximal multiplicity are given in terms of this root and the parameters (including the delay) of the given equation. Links with dominancy of this root and with the exponential stability property of the solution of the considered equations are given. Finally, we illustrate the obtained results on the classical oscillator control problem.


Novel calix[4]arene derivative containing mixed pendant arms in its lower rim, 25, 27- bis (diethylamino) ethoxy- 26, 28- (bis-methoxyethoxy) calix[4]arene, L3, has been synthesized to target the heavy metal cations. 1H NMR investigations seems to indicate that the receptor L3 interacts preferentially with Hg2+, Cd2+, Pb2+ and Ag+ in acetonitrile. Complexation studies in acetonitrile show that the lower rim groups of the receptor L3 are the active sites of its interaction with metal ions. These findings are corroborated by conductance measurements in acetonitrile, plots of molar conductance against the ligand/metal cation ratio reveal the formation of 1:1 complexes between this ligand with these cations. Standard thermodynamics parameters of complexation (log Ks, ΔHAiµ' c, ΔSAiµ' c, ΔGAiµ' c) of L3 with Hg2+, Cd2+, Pb2+ and Ag+ in acetonitrile were determined using the Nano ITC (isothermal titration calorimetry). For all the systems investigated, the complexation process between these metal cations and the receptor L3 was enthalpically controlled. The enthalpic and entropic contributions to the Gibbs energy associated with these processes are analysed.


Complex treatment of children with cleft lip and palate is complicated and multi-step. Treatment is conducted by high-skilled specialists. The organization and execution of this complex are possible only at the large specialized center. Coordinator of this work is the maxillofacial surgeon. The performance of rehabilitation circuits includes preoperative orthodontic and orthopedic treatment, operative intervention (reconstructive and plastic surgery), orthodontic and orthopedic treatment after operation. Post-operative conservative treatment prevents the development of secondary deformities of the nose and upper lip. Professional psychological help and long supervision promote the achievement of good social adaptation of patients with congenital cleft lip and palate, improvement of their health.


Software logs play an essential role in ensuring the reliability and maintainability of large-scale software systems, as they are often the sole source of runtime information. Log parsing, which converts raw log messages into structured data, is an important initial step towards downstream log analytics. In recent studies, ChatGPT, the current cutting-edge large language model (LLM), has been widely applied to a wide range of software engineering tasks. However, its performance in automated log parsing remains unclear. In this paper, we evaluate ChatGPT's ability to undertake log parsing by addressing two research questions. (1) Can ChatGPT effectively parse logs? (2) How does ChatGPT perform with different prompting methods? Our results show that ChatGPT can achieve promising results for log parsing with appropriate prompts, especially with few-shot prompting. Based on our findings, we outline several challenges and opportunities for ChatGPT-based log parsing.


This paper presents the design of Adverse Drug Event-Scorecards. The scorecards described are innovative and novel, not having previously been reported in the literature. The Scorecards provide organizations (e.g. hospitals) with summary information about Adverse Drug Events (ADEs) using a Web-based platform. The data used in the Scorecards are routinely updated and report on ADEs detected through data mining processes. The development of the ADE Scorecards is ongoing and they are currently undergoing clinical testing.


The articles in this issue represent the legacy of the Law Society of Alberta's 100th Anniversary Conference, held in Edmonton, 26-27 October 2007. The conference was conceived by the Law Society of Alberta (LSA) in the belief that its centenary presented the occasion not only for celebration of the profession's 100-year history in Alberta, but also for reflection on its future. The conference would be the vehicle for the generation and dissemination of serious thinking about what it means to be a member of the Canadian legal profession today and in the years to come. Hence the conference title which, after much casting about for a clever phrase, was chosen for its descriptive precision: Canadian Lawyers in the 21st Century.


Post-war sculpture created by members of the Royal Academy of Arts was seemingly marginalised by Keynesian state patronage which privileged a new generation of avant-garde sculptors. This thesis considers whether selected Academicians (Siegfried Charoux, Frank Dobson, Maurice Lambert, Alfred Machin, John Skeaping and Charles Wheeler) variously engaged with pedagogy, community, exhibition practice and sculpture for the state, to access ascendant state patronage. Chapter One, The Post-war Expansion of State Patronage , investigates the existing and shifting parameters of patronage of the visual arts and specifically analyses how this was manifest through innovative temporary sculpture exhibitions. Chapter Two, The Royal Academy Sculpture School , examines the reasons why the Academicians maintained a conventional fine arts programme of study, in contrast to that of industrial design imposed by Government upon state art institutions for reasons of economic contribution. This chapter also analyses the role of the art-Master including the influence of emigre teachers, prospects for women sculpture students and the post-war scarcity of resources which inspired the use of new materials and techniques. Chapter Three, The Royal Academy as Community , traces the socialisation of London-based art societies whose memberships helped to identify sculptors for potential election to the Royal Academy; it then considers the gifting of elected Academicians Diploma Works. The empirical mapping of sponsorship for elected sculptors is investigated to determine how the organic profile of the Royal Academy s membership began to accommodate more modern sculptors and identifies a petition for change which may have influenced Munnings s speech (1949). Chapter Four, The Royal Academy Summer Exhibitions , explores the preparatory rituals of the Selection and Hanging Committees, processes for the selection of amateurs works, exhibit genres and critical reception. Moreover it contrasts the Summer Exhibitions with the Arts Council s Sculpture in the Home exhibition series to identify potential duplications. Chapter Five, Sculpture for the State , considers three diverse conduits facilitating the acquisition of sculpture for the state: The Chantrey Collection administered by the Royal Academy and exhibited at the Tate Gallery; the commissioning of Charles Wheeler s Earth and Water (1951 1953) for the new Ministry of Defence, London; and the selection of Siegfried Charoux s The Neighbours (1959) for London County Council s Patronage of the Arts Scheme . For these sculptures, complex expressions of Britishness are considered. In summary this thesis argues that unfettered by their allegiance to the Royal Academy of Arts its sculptors sought ways in which they might participate in the unprecedented opportunities that an expanded model of state patronage presented.


Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating autoimmune disorder with an inflammatory condition targeting the joints that affects millions of patients worldwide. Several unmet needs still need to be addressed despite recent improvements in the management of RA. Although current RA therapies can diminish inflammation and alleviate symptoms, many patients remain unresponsive or experience flare-ups of their ailment. The present study aims to address these unmet needs through in silico research, with a focus on the identification of novel, potentially active molecules. Therefore, a molecular docking analysis has been conducted using AutoDockTools 1.5.7 on Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors that are either approved for RA or in advanced phases of research. The binding affinities of these small molecules against JAK1, JAK2, and JAK3, which are target proteins implicated in the pathophysiology of RA, have been assessed. Subsequent to identifying the ligands with the highest affinity for these target proteins, a ligand-based virtual screening was performed utilizing SwissSimilarity, starting with the chemical structures of the previously identified small molecules. ZINC252492504 had the highest binding affinity (−9.0 kcal/mol) for JAK1, followed by ZINC72147089 (−8.6 kcal/mol) for JAK2, and ZINC72135158 (−8.6 kcal/mol) for JAK3. Using SwissADME, an in silico pharmacokinetic evaluation showed that oral administration of the three small molecules may be feasible. Based on the preliminary results of the present study, additional extensive research is required for the most promising candidates to be conducted so their efficacy and safety profiles can be thoroughly characterized, and they can become medium- and long-term pharmacotherapeutic solutions for the treatment of RA.


The issue of child labour can be encountered in almost every country. However, the issue currently has been growing particularly in developing countries. In relation to this subject, not only governments but also supranational organizations such as the ILO, UNICEF and EU take place in order to eliminate child labour. Even sometimes, projects are developed so as to be implemented by various countries and governments are orientated for the implementation of these projects, financial support and/or every so often qualified experts are provided, some countries are forced through a variety of sanctions in order to solve the problem by these organizations. At this point, the status of a candidate country to the European Union Turkey emerges as a striking example. Besides, Turkey is determined for this work because ILO's and IPEC program implemented in Turkey from 1990 to 2007. In addition, the example of Turkey is selected to examine the issue since the period of compulsory education was increased from 5 years to 8 years by changing the education policy of compulsory education in 1997. Furthermore, the period of compulsory education has been gradually increased to 12 years in 2013 in Turkey. However, this is outside of this paper since data is provided as quinquennially, thus, working data is not available to approach to the issue. This may be considered in another study. According to literature and ILO's reports, education policies should be intended for reducing child labour. Education policies such as starting primary education at a certain age and the continuum of this education performed by governments have been accepted as precautions aimed at reducing child labour. The aim of this paper is to elucidate whether this increased period of compulsory education can be one of the main element to eliminate child labour. In this context, the general conditions of child labour will be evaluated in this work by comparing the period 1994 that is before the increase compulsory education from 5 years to 8 years and observed data after this changed education policy. As methodology, secondary data obtained from previous statistical and published reports is used. Gaining a new source of literature in this field is attempted by using the example of Turkey. Consequently, the effect of the increased period of compulsory education will be investigated to reduce child labour by analysing results. In this context, also encountered problems and solutions to these problems will be presented.


In this present study, the two independent tools were used in the RFSSW process to joint similar material of AA1100 with a thickness of 0.42 mm using lap joint configuration. Effect of tools geometry and dwell time on mechanical properties, and macrograph was investigated. The joints were successfully obtained with better surface appearance. The micro-hardness variation at 4 group location shows higher than the base metal, while the maximum micro-hardness was obtained at parameter TC-8 at the center of the weld. Macrograph analysis showed the important factor that brings the plug fracture in all combination of parameters. It was the upward bending hook that leads to the crack propagate along the stirred zone to the top sheet, resulted in tear-off the top sheet from the bounded region. Increasing dwell time and tools size will increase the maximum tensile shear load significantly. The best average value of maximum tensile shear load that has been achieved was 561±24 N using the parameter tool C with 8 s dwell time (TC-8).


This paper introduces a design of the optimized in-home multi-session streaming server and presents a performance evaluation of high throughput multi-session streaming service with Ethernet and IEEE1394. The in-home streaming server is a kind of personal home server or residential gateway, however it is specialized for in-home multi-session streaming and distribution of multimedia contents. In order to realize this server, two specific features should be in harmony with each other: the multi-stream transcoder to support various presentation constraints of the multimedia client devices and the multi-session streaming interface to transfer multiple high-throughput streams concurrently. In particular, the network interface should absorb the throughput tolerance caused by the concurrent stream-converting processes to maximize the multi-streaming capability of the server with a limited transcoder performance. Hence, this paper evaluates the streaming performance of the two major network protocols, gigabit Ethernet and IEEE1394a, in order to understand their adequateness for the in-home multi-session streaming service.


BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE
Malignant epithelial parotid tumors have various histopathologic types. Computed tomography (CT) has been widely used to detect parotid masses. This study was to analyze CT features of malignant epithelial parotid tumors to evaluate the diagnostic value of CT in the characterization of malignant epithelial parotid tumors.

METHODS
CT reports of 29 patients with malignant epithelial parotid tumors (8 at low grade and 21 at intermediate or high grade), confirmed by histopathology in Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University, were reviewed. The localization, contour, margin, enhancing type, homogeneity, infiltration into the adjacent structures, and lymph node metastasis detected by CT scan were compared with relevant pathologic results.

RESULTS
Of the 8 cases at low grade, 4 were well-differentiated mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 3 were acinic cell carcinoma, and 1 was epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma; 3 had sharp margin, 3 had partly unsharp margin, and 2 had unsharp margin; 5 had regular contour, and 3 had irregular contour; all were enhanced obviously; 2 showed homogeneous appearance, and 6 showed inhomogeneous appearance with low-density areas; none had adjacent infiltration; 3 had lymph node metastasis. Of the 21 cases at intermediate or high grade, 5 were poorly-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, 8 were malignant pleomorphic adenoma, 2 were adenocarcinoma, 1 was lymph-epithelial carcinoma, 4 were mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and 1 was adenoidcystic carcinoma; 5 had sharp margin, 7 had partly unsharp margin, and 9 had unsharp margin; 10 had regular contour, and 11 had irregular contour; 17 were enhanced obviously, and the 4 cases of malignant pleomorphic adenoma were enhanced slightly; 9 showed homogeneous appearance, and 12 showed inhomogeneous appearance with low-density areas; 8 had adjacent infiltration (the fat space between tumor and the parotid bed disappeared); 6 had lymph node metastasis.

CONCLUSIONS
To some extent, CT features of malignant epithelial parotid tumors are correlated to the differentiation of tumor cells. Moreover, tumor size and histologic subtype should be considered to make a more accurate imaging diagnosis.


Abstract.—Fire has become a major concern along the wildland-urban interface (WUI), and there is increased awareness that fires could result in serious damage to people and property in residential areas occurring in forested landscapes. Part of the long-term strategy the West Virginia Division of Forestry outlined in the 2010 West Virginia Statewide Forest Resource Assessment was to conduct a comprehensive monitoring program of wildland fire fuels. In an effort to predict and prevent catastrophic fire activity, identifying areas of the WUI that are at risk for wildfire is one of the initial steps in developing mitigation plans and priority levels. In early 2013, an extensive fuel sampling inventory was performed to quantify the fuel loading in the 9,388 acre Kanawha State Forest located 7 miles south of the state capitol, Charleston, WV. Results included fuel load volumes, a spatially distributed fuel load assessment model, and effects of site and vegetation characteristics. Data from the fuel sampling will be used in forthcoming evaluations that incorporate additional elements of fire hazard into a comprehensive fire risk assessment.


The instructional methods used with 1,347 youth in seven Farm Safety 4 Just Kids (FS4JK) day camp sessions conducted in five states during the summer and fall of 2002 were videotaped. The videotapes, instructor questionnaires, and day camp materials were analyzed using an observation protocol that focused on instructional practices and an interaction analysis of instructor-student talk during the sessions. Results showed that instruction focused on hazard recognition, a high level of participant attention during all the sessions observed, and safety day camp content relevant to rural participants regardless of whether they live or work on a farm. Recommendations for improving instructional practice include better use of print materials, more interactive, participatory activities for students, and reduction of instructor-centered, didactic approaches. Given the high level of students' attention, increased involvement of students in active, participatory approaches might enhance the effectiveness of the instruction by: (1) further engaging students through personalizing hazard recognition, (2) contextualizing reports of injuries, (3) examining the complexities of choosing safe behaviors, and (4) paying more attention to the consequences of injury events. Role-playing, narrative simulations, and other types of interactive and collaborative exercises are instructional approaches that support the inclusion of the pre-event contingencies and post-event consequences that are part of all injury events.


Feeling united with academic community reflects in increased responsibility for one's own quality of work. This is the quality of carrying yearly BASEES Conferences in Cambridge that impresses participants coming from the academic environments in which procedure and scope of events are not really respected. Therefore, learning from this kind of experience is always useful. The most inspiring thing is hope that conferences of such a level someday will become a routine for Ukrainian scholars as well. The more so, because our post-Socialist experience is interesting in itself for our foreign colleagues, since the way which the scientific rationality makes under conditions of overcoming totalitarian repression and aiming at democratic freedom is currently important not for Ukrainians only. Under current conditions, the part of rationality in the dimension of freedom obtains a universal meaning, making the need of reconsidering the phenomena of freedom even more rapid. This article is intended to present to Ukrainian academic community some theoretical and organizational achievements of this year's BASEES Conference and to engage Ukrainian scholars more actively to participate in international academic events and considering the ways of implementing the experience received into their activities home. This year the conference was dedicated to the fifty years of the Prague Spring. The experience of the Prague Spring in the reflections of the BASEES conference proves the relevance of the issues of freedom and the need to rethink the key concept of modern thinking – progress. The critique of progress that puts under the question the significance of the concept itself for contemporary socio-philosophical discourse is, in the main, directed against progressism as a modern mechanistic version of progress. The revealing of the complex and ambiguous forms of progress in contemporary epoch tends to accept rather than reject the progress.


The aimed of this study was to investigate the antioxidant properties of T. crispa as well as its ability to attenuate the release of oxidant markers in induced oxidation in Human Umbilical Vein Cells (HUVECs). In vitro studies of antioxidant properties of T. crispa showed the DPPH scavenging activity of T. crispa Aqueous (TCAE) and Methanol Extract (TCME) were 82±1.78 and 73±1.01%, respectively. FRAP value of TCAE and TCME were 1.04±0.27 and 1.64±0.06 mmol L-1, respectively. Total Flavonoids Content (TFC) of TCAE and TCME were 205.58±3.5 and 223±10.49 mg QE g-1 sample, respectively while Total Phenolics Content (TPC) of TCAE and TCME were 32.58±0.68 and 41.64±0.97 mg GAE mg-1 sample, respectively. The antioxidant enzymes activities (CAT, SOD and GPx) in HUVECs treated with T. crispa extracts to counter the oxidative effect by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation activity by Malondialdehyde (MDA) were also measured. The result showed TCAE and TCME at a concentration ranges from 100-600 μg mL-1 significantly increased (p<0.05, 0.01) the level of CAT, SOD and GPx. Results of MDA assay showed significant reduction (p<0.05, 0.01) of MDA level in HUVECs treated with TCAE and TCME. Taken together, the findings suggest that T. crispa extracts can effectively protect HUVECs against oxidative stress by H2O2 which might be of importance in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.


This chapter discusses proactive leadership by elaborating the meaning of leaders' proactivity, the required competencies of proactive leadership, and the potentially different evaluations of leaders' proactivity by different observers, including leaders themselves, their supervisors, peers, and subordinates. Specifically, based on the goal generation – goal striving process view of proactivity, we define leaders' proactivity as ''generating and enacting self-initiated and future-focused leading actions that are persistently sustained to bring changes toward the environment.'' In line with the process view, we also propose the competency requirement of proactive leadership, by benchmarking against a scientifically developed, comprehensive competency dictionary, the Universal Competency Framework (UCF). Finally, we discuss the possibility that leaders' proactivity can be observed and evaluated differently by raters at different positions. Overall, this chapter provides a conceptual analysis of proactive leadership and points to potential research directions subject to empirical investigation.


A reversed-phase HPLC method for the simultaneous analysis of nine structurally similar withanolides, namely, 27-hydroxy withanone, 17-hydroxy withaferin A, 17-hydroxy-27-deoxy withaferin A, withaferin A, withanolide D, 27-hydroxy withanolide B, withanolide A, withanone and 27-deoxywithaferin A, has been developed using a linear binary gradient solvent system comprising methanol and water containing 0.1% acetic acid. Both photodiode array and evaporative light scattering detection were used to profile the extract compositions and to quantify the withanolides therein. Homogeneity and purity of each peak was ascertained by comparative evaluation of the on-line UV spectra of the eluted compounds with those of the reference compounds. The method has been validated with respect to various parameters of performance quality including computation regression analysis based on calibration curves, peak resolution factor, asymmetry factor, tailing factor, RSD (%) of retention time and peak area response, limit of quantivation, limit of detection, precision and recovery. The developed method has been applied to the analysis of leaf and root tissues of Withania somnifera for withanolide content.


Subjects heard words originating from 2 speakers and later decided which of the 2 speakers said the words. Older adults had difficulty with source monitoring when perceptual cues from 2 sources were similar (2 female speakers), but this difficulty was overcome when perceptual cues were distinctive (a male and a female speaker) and were the only salient cues to source. Older adults also benefited from distinctive spatial cues when these were the only salient cues to source. Older adults, however, experienced difficulties in using multiple cues (both perceptual and spatial) to source effectively, whereas younger adults were able to use multiple cues to enhance their source-monitoring performance. It is suggested that age differences in source monitoring result from differential cue utilization.


This study explores how black women garment workers in South Africa transformed a seemingly banal beauty pageant into a cultural event for self-empowerment, solidarity, and trade union democratization. It examines beauty contests in the Cape Town clothing industry by using oral and written sources that privilege the voices of factory workers. The study analyzes how and why the Spring Queen festival changed from being a tool for social control of increasingly restive employees to a partially autonomous space for proletarian women's sociability and power. As apartheid gave way to democracy in the 1990s male and female unionists debated the value of the Spring Queen pageant, which they eventually transformed into a vehicle for the promotion of South African-made clothing and textiles in a fiercely competitive global business. The article reveals how black working women reworked a gendered form of popular culture to assert their humanity and citizenship, and promote gender equity within the union.


The present study was designed to determine whether renal prostaglandins are involved in the renal vasodilation evoked by angiotensin II inhibition in sodium depletion. The converting enzyme inhibitor (CEI) captopril was administered to sodium-depleted control dogs and sodiumdepleted dogs that had previously received the inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis, indomethacin or meclofenamate. CEI in control dogs increased renal blood flow (RBF) from a mean value of 220 to 309 ml/min (p < 0.01) and decreased renal vascular resistance (RVR) from 0.64 to 0.38 arbitrary resistance units (ru) (p < 0.01). Renal venous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration also increased from 52 to 85 pg/ml (p < 0.01). In the dogs that received inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis, RBF fell from 214 to 168 ml/min (p < 0.01), RVR increased from 0.61 to 0.82 ru (p < 0.05), and renal venous PGE2 fell from 114 to 20 pg/ml.(p < 0.01). The subsequent administration of captopril increased RBF from 168 to 221 ml/min (p < 0.01), lowered RVR from 0.82 to 0.43 ru (p < 0.01), but failed to significantly increase renal venous~RGE2 (20 to 25 pg/ml). The decrease in RVR induced by captopril was not significantly different in the control dogs and in the dogs with prostaglandin synthesis inhibition. However, in the control dogs RBF after captopril was significantly higher than during the control period; this was not the case in the dogs with prostaglandin synthesis inhibition. RBF after captopril and prostaglandin inhibition was not significantly different from RBF during the control period. The results indicate that the acute renal vasodilator effect of captopril in sodium depletion does not require renal prostaglandins; however, the level of RBF after captopril is dependent upon renal prostaglandins, suggesting that endogenous prostaglandins increase renal blood flow when angiotensin II is inhibited. The results confirm previous studies indicating that captopril increases renal PGE2 synthesis. (Hypertension 5: 166-171, 1983)


The wiring diagrams, the vector groups and the clock hour figures of the vector group, are interesting aspects for the design, the manufacture and the operation of the transformers, especially for the power transformers. The parallel operation of the transformers, the unbalanced load which occurs at the running with load, and the study of the phenomenon produced at the transformers magnetization represent interesting aspects directly related to the connections field of the vector groups and the clock hour figures of the vector group. The paper presents the authors' contributions to two of the methods for determining the clock hour figure of the vector group, namely the achievement of a device for identifying the clock-hour figure for the three-phase transformer, built on the principles of the oscilloscopic method and the compensation method. The solution presented in the paper leads to a considerable simplification of the oscilloscopic method, which, even if it bears the name used in the literature, does not use an oscilloscope, device considered expensive and complicated; by using the proposed solution we obtain a higher precision of the measurements, limiting the risk of errors, which can occur in case of small phase displacements. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.19.8.1929


Mobile and PC/server class processor companies continue to roll out flagship core microarchitectures that are faster than their predecessors. Meanwhile placing more cores on a chip coupled with constant supply voltage puts per-core energy consumption at a premium. Hence, the challenge is to find future microarchitecture optimizations that not only increase performance but also conserve energy. Eliminating branch mispredictions-which waste both time and energy-is valuable in this respect. In this paper, we explore the control-flow landscape by characterizing mispredictions in four benchmark suites. We find that a third of mispredictions-per-1K-instructions (MPKI) come from what we call separable branches: branches with large control-dependent regions (not suitable for if-conversion), whose backward slices do not depend on their control-dependent instructions or have only a short dependence. We propose control-flow decoupling (CFD) to eradicate mispredictions of separable branches. The idea is to separate the loop containing the branch into two loops: the first contains only the branch's predicate computation and the second contains the branch and its control-dependent instructions. The first loop communicates branch outcomes to the second loop through an architectural queue. Microarchitecturally, the queue resides in the fetch unit to drive timely, non-speculative branching. On a microarchitecture configured similar to Intel's Sandy Bridge core, CFD increases performance by up to 55 percent, and reduces energy consumption by up to 49 percent (for CFD regions). Moreover, for some applications, CFD is a necessary catalyst for future complexity-effective large-window architectures to tolerate memory latency.


In the late 1930s and early 1940s, two remarkable physical phenomena — the fission of heavy nuclei and the chain fission reaction — were discovered, implying that a new powerful source of energy (nuclear fission energy) might become a practical possibility for mankind. At that time, however, the political situation in the world made the development of the atomic bomb the main objective of nuclear energy research in the countries involved. The first atomic bombs, notoriously used in the war against Japan, were produced by the United States of America only six and a half years after the discovery of fission. Four years later, the first Soviet atomic bomb was tested. This was a major step toward the establishment of nuclear parity which led to stability and global peace and thus greatly influenced the destiny of human kind. Based on documentary materials covering the period from 1939 to 1949, this paper traces the origin and evolution of the physical ideas behind the first Soviet atomic bomb and discusses the most important events associated with the project.


The present study focused on the optimized expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa truncated Exotoxin A (PE38KDEL) gene. This protein is considered as apotent toxin and is largely being used in the construction of immunotoxins for targeted cancer therapy. Escherichia coli BL21 DE3 Codon Plus was used as the expression host and the protein was expressed under the control of T7 promoter system. The effects of inducer type (IPTG and lactose), inducer concentration (IPTG: 0.2, 0.5 and 1 mM/lactose: 2.0, 5.0, 10, 15 and 20 mM) and incubation period (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 hrs) were evaluated for the expressed protein. The maximum protein production was observed when IPTG at a concentration of 0.5 mM was used as an inducer however, lactose also showed substantial protein expression at 20 mM concentration. The most suitable incubation period for optimum protein expression was 6 hrs post induction.


: This paper explores how innovative firms attempt to acquire the skilled technicians needed to deploy new technologies. Interviews with 40 employers from the UK life sciences sector reveal that shortages of technicians, an awareness of the importance of practical skills best acquired through work-based learning, and increasing dissatisfaction the use of graduates, are encouraging employers to turn towards apprenticeship training. However, the rules governing the funding of various kinds of education and training discourage providers from offering the kinds of apprenticeships increasingly sought by employers, giving rise to a 'system failure' that manifests itself in shortages of technicians and the use of over-qualified graduates in technician roles.


Among the challenges of sustainable management of meat production, the key issue is to improve the energy efficiency of production processes, which will consequently affect the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Such effects are achieved by combining various chilling systems with electrical stimulation that determines the quality of meat at the slaughter stage. The novelties of the research undertaken included determining the impact of various variants of meat production (chilling method: slow, fast, accelerated + HVES/NES) on changes in the basic (industrial) quality indicators (pH and temperature) of beef produced from Polish Holstein-Friesian breed cattle, and then indicating the optimal variant for energy-efficient (sustainable) beef production. The HVES and the fast chilling method yielded positive economic (meat weight loss), technological (high quality, hot-boning), energetic (lower electricity consumption), and organizational effects (reduced chilling and storage surfaces and expenditures for staff wages) compared to the slow and accelerated methods. Reaching the desired final temperature with an increased amount of chilled meat enables obtaining a few-fold decrease in the specific energy consumption and a higher energy efficiency of the process. This allows recommending the above actions to be undertaken by entrepreneurs in the pursuit of sustainable meat production.


Objective: In most clinical trials, anti-angiogenic therapies have offered only modest improvements in progression-free survival without impacting overall survival. Following cessation of anti-angiogenic therapy, concerns have been raised about a possible rebound in tumor growth, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Therefore, in this study we aimed at comparing tumor growth and the effects on tumor microenvironment after therapy withdrawal compared to continuous treatment with anti-angiogenic agents. Methods: Mice were intraperitoneally injected with human or mouse ovarian cancer cells and were treated with the anti-angiogenic drugs pazopanib, bevacizumab or B20 for either a short-term with subsequent withdrawal or continuous therapy until necropsy. Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate platelet infiltration into the tumor microenvironment, tumor angiogenesis and vascular leakage. To assess the significance of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in the process of platelet infiltration and tumor rebound after withdrawal of therapy, we either used the FAK inhibitor GSK2256098 or a mouse model with platelet-specific FAK deletion. Results: Cessation of therapy with pazopanib, bevacizumab and the cross-human and murine anti-VEGF antibody B20 was associated with up to 4-fold increased tumor growth in mouse models of ovarian cancer when compared to continuous treatment. Tumor outgrowth was associated with significant tumor hypoxia, increased tumor angiogenesis and vascular leakage. More importantly, we found 380% increased hypoxia-induced ADP production and 3-fold increased platelet infiltration into tumors where anti-angiogenic therapy was withdrawn. Lowering platelet levels significantly inhibited tumor rebound after withdrawal of anti-angiogenic therapy. Interestingly, FAK in platelets regulated their migration into tumor microenvironment and FAK knock-out specifically in platelets completely prevented the rebound tumor growth. Additionally, combined therapy with the FAK inhibitor GSK2256098 and the anti-angiogenic agents pazopanib and bevacizumab led to up to 5-fold reduced orthotopic tumors and likewise inhibited negative effects of withdrawal of anti-angiogenic therapy. Conclusions: Collectively, our results characterize a previously unknown role for platelets in the tumor microenvironment and provide a potential therapeutic benefit for FAK inhibitors in preventing rebound in tumor growth following discontinuation of anti-angiogenic agents. Additionally, dual targeting of FAK and VEGF could have important therapeutic implications for ovarian cancer management. Citation Format: Monika Haemmerle, Justin Bottsford-Miller, Sunila Pradeep, Morgan L. Taylor, Hyun-Jin Choi, Rebecca L. Stone, Min Soon Cho, Alpa M. Nick, Gabriel Lopez-Berestein, Vahid Afshar-Khargan, Anil K. Sood. Platelet FAK is a critical regulator of tumor growth after withdrawal of anti-angiogenic therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 5048.


Optical imaging within the shortwave infrared (SWIR, 1000-2000 nm) region of the electromagnetic spectrum has enabled high-resolution and high-contrast imaging in mice, non-invasively. Polymethine dyes, with their narrow absorption spectra and high absorption coefficients, are optimal probes for fast and multiplexed SWIR imaging. Here, we expand upon the multiplexing capabilities in SWIR imaging by obtaining brighter polymethine dyes with varied excitation wavelengths spaced throughout the near-infrared (700-1000 nm) region. Building on the flavylium polymethine dye scaffold, we explored derivatives with functional group substitution at the 2-position, deemed chromenylium polymethine dyes. The reported dyes have reduced nonradiative rates and enhanced emissive properties, enabling non-invasive imaging in mice in a single color at 300 fps and in three colors at 100 fps. Combined with polymethine dyes containing a red-shifted julolidine flavylium heterocycle and indocyanine green, distinct channels with well-separated excitation wavelengths provide non-invasive video-rate in vivo imaging in four colors.


The genetic transformation via pollen-tube pathway is an alternative method to overcome the constraints imposed by genotype specificity in transformation and regeneration in jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) tissue culture. Therefore, it is necessary to establish important parameters for efficient genetic transformation of jatropha via pollen-tube pathway. The objective of the research was to study the efficiency of direct transformation of jatropha via pollen-tube pathway based on histochemical and molecular analysis. Solution of purified pCAMBIA1301 DNA plasmid carrying a hptII marker gene and a gus reporter gene with concentration level of 0.05, 0.25, 0.50 µg µl-1 were applied to stigma of flowers at 1, 2, 4, 7, 10 h after pollination. Seedling of IP3A, IP3P and JcUMM18 jatropha's genotypes derived from 15 combination treatments of plasmid DNA concentration and application time, also wild type was subjected to histochemical and molecular analyses. Based on those analyses, the efficiency of transformation via pollen-tube pathway of three jatropha genotypes ranged from 1.5-16.7%. PCR analysis showed that a number of positive plants were identified by using specific primers hptII and gus, i.e. 1-3 and 3-7 plants of the 15 combined treatments, respectively. It indicated that the transformation efficiency via the pollen-tube pathway varied in each jatropha genotype. Keywords: Jatropha curcas L., pCAMBIA1301, plasmid DNA, stigma-drip


The paper studies the parity conditions between assets denominated in different currencies, traded in a wellintegrated segment of the international capital market, and derives the consequences for the exchange rate expectations. The main objective is to assess the uncovered asset return parity for the Czech koruna exchange rate. I argue that any reasonable decision-theoretical foundation of the uncovered parity condition should be formulated in terms of secondary market yields on long-term instruments and not the short-term money market rates. Specifically, the international version of the Consumption-based Capital Asset Pricing Model (CCAPM) is the universal (and, in fact, the single) message of any stochastic general equilibrium model of an open economy. Accordingly, I replace the traditional uncovered interest rate parity (UIP) by the uncovered total return parity condition. The theoretical arguments in favor of the uncovered asset return parity are matched by a number of examples, of which the main group is formed by long-maturity government bonds. Data are examined for the Czech versus German 5 year government bonds, the CZK 10 year bonds of the European Investment Bank vs. German government 10 year bonds, as well as for the Austrian versus US-Treasury 10 year bonds. In both cases, parity seems to verify, although the time horizons and the measures of exchange rate movements, for which it becomes visible, are different. The proposed microfoundation of the uncovered asset return parity uses a model of consumption and investment in an open economy under diffusion uncertainty with soft liquidity constraints. The model is solved by means of the stochastic maximum principle including the adjoint equations for the costate variables. The general equilibrium of portfolio optimizing investors is used to derive a breakdown of the country risk premium present in the uncovered asset return parity relation between a selected pair of fmancial instruments. This allows one to analyze the prevailing beliefs about the long-term exchange rate path. An extension of the basic consumption and investment model to the context of a productive firm issuing its own liabilities to cover liquidity needs, leads to an analogous uncovered yield parity result. I show that the uncovered return parity from the producer perspective is the same as from the consumer and investor perspective. This opens a way for the exchange rate expectation-extraction by means of corporate bonds and other company-specific instruments. In addition, the disparity of returns in international equity markets possesses a certain explanatory power as regards expected competitiveness of domestic and foreign industries.


UNLABELLED
Osteopontin expression in human crescentic glomerulonephritis.

BACKGROUND
Osteopontin is a molecule with diverse biological functions, including cell adhesion, migration, and signaling. The expression of osteopontin has been demonstrated in a number of models of renal injury in association with accumulations of monocyte/macrophages, including recent reports of osteopontin expression in glomerular crescents in a rat model of anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis.

METHODS
Glomerular expression of osteopontin in biopsies of human crescentic glomerulonephritis (N = 25), IgA nephropathy with crescents (N = 2), and diffuse proliferative lupus glomerulonephropathy with crescents (N = 1) was studied by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and combined immunohistochemistry/in situ hybridization. Additionally, antibodies to cell-specific phenotypic markers were used to identify cellular components of the glomerular crescent, which express osteopontin protein and mRNA.

RESULTS
All of the crescents present in the biopsies studied contained a significant number of cells that expressed osteopontin protein and mRNA, demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, respectively. Using replicate tissue sections and combined immunohistochemistry/in situ hybridization, we showed that the majority of the strongly osteopontin-positive cells are monocyte/macrophages. In addition to the very strong and cell-associated localization, a weaker and more diffuse pattern of osteopontin protein and mRNA expression could be seen in a number of crescents. None of the osteopontin mRNA-expressing cells could be identified as parietal epithelial cells, CD3-positive T cells, or alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts. Interstitial monocyte/macrophages did not express osteopontin, except when located in a periglomerular inflammatory infiltrate.

CONCLUSIONS
Macrophages present in the human glomerular crescent express osteopontin protein and mRNA at a high level. This expression supports a role for osteopontin in the formation and progression of the crescentic lesion via chemotactic and signaling properties of the molecule.


The basic hypothesis underlying this study is that to be knowledgeable one must know how the concepts of a domain are interrelated. This hypothesis implies that any valid assessment of knowledge must capture these structural properties of knowledge. The implementation of an approach called structural assessment of knowledge in the assessment of classroom learning was implemented in the study and students' ability of conceptual change was reviewed. Physics students' knowledge structure was compared with their instructor's knowledge structure in order to identify misconceptions. These misconceptions served as the basis for individualized feedback and two different kinds of exercises— personal reflections and concept-oriented written exercises. Results revealed that the students' conceptual knowledge increased from pre- to post-intervention phase. The major reasons for this change were personal reflections and written exercises given to each student about the concepts of physics which stimulated and probably changed some of their misconceptions. The research also demonstrated the potential utility of structural assessment of knowledge for formative assessment.


The hot ductility of microalloyed steels was investigated by interrupted tensile tests at the temperatures of 850 and 950°C. Analyses of microstructural damage during plastic straining of the steels were performed using an experimental setup that allowed rapidly quenching the tensile specimens after straining to a predefined level. Microstructural investigations on the materials were carried out on longitudinally sectioned samples. Further analyses on crack surfaces were performed by fracturing the strained specimens in liquid nitrogen and by analyzing the surfaces formed by high-temperature decohesion through conventional and field emission SEM. It was demonstrated that AlN and Nb(C,N) precipitates, in isolated or combined form, affected the prior-austenite grain boundaries. Differences in hot cracking sensitivity among the steels was accounted for by modifications of the precipitate size and volume fraction.


Most epistaxis in children come from the anterior part of the nasal septum. The bleeding is usually under control by manual compression or vestibular packing with a piece of cotton or calcium alginate. In case of severe or recurrent epistaxis, one must look for a bleeding disorder or a nasal/nasopharyngeal tumour, especially juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma in adolescent males. Chemical or electrical cautery of the septum should be suggested in case of recurrent idiopathic epistaxis. When bleeding continues despite such treatments, anterior nasal packing is recommended; life-threatening epistaxis usually requires posterior packing. Embolisation can be used to reduce blood supply before surgery in case of haemorragic tumours or vascular malformations.


The first dispute with Case Number MA Decree 557 K / Pdt.Sus-HKI / 2015 that occurred between the designer clothing (designer) from France, Pierre Cardin owner of the Brand Business Pierre Cardin as the claimant, whose brand is a popular brand and has been used since the beginning In March 1974, in this matter the prosecutor against the defendant Alexander Satryo Wibowo, was a local businessman who owned the Trademark Pierre Cardin, who had registered his trademark since July 29, 1977 in Indonesia, where there were similarities in essence or overall in the use of the trademark between the claimant and defendant. Therefore Pierre Cardin, hereby as the prosecutor, demanded the cancellation of the registered mark Card Pierre Cardin used by the defendant, against this demand the Commercial Court at the Central Jakarta District Court has determined the determination of Ms. 15 / Pdt.Sus-Trademark / 2015 / PN.Niaga.Jkt .Pst., Dated June 9, 2015 which in the main issue rejected the claim of the prosecutor for the whole. Furthermore, the Plaintiff requested the appeal of the appeal to the Supreme Court. Legal remedies requested by the claimant in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 6 point (3) letter b of Law Number 15 of 2001 concerning Trademarks. In carrying out the appeal appeal law, the Supreme Court has decided on decision number 557 K / Pdt.Sus-HKI / 2015 which in its stipulation stipulates rejecting an appeal request from the appealer Pierre Cardin.


Culture has a substantial impact on a wide range of behaviors related to behavioral research and services such as rapport building, preferences for specific targets and treatments, communication, and even the quality of health care. The need for professionals in the field of applied behavior analysis (ABA) to incorporate culturally responsive practices is underscored by the current and projected increase in diversity in the United States. Further, the update to the Ethics Code (BACB, 2020) supports addressing diversity in behavior analytic practice. Self-assessment of one's values, biases, and culture are a critical step in delivering culturally responsive services. The purpose of this paper is three-fold: a) to introduce a framework for cultural responsiveness in ABA, b) to showcase research and practice recommendations from within and outside the field of ABA in the area of self-assessment, and c) to inspire research in self-assessment to support cultural responsiveness in ABA.


Abstract Recent UK policy changes enable claimants to record their Personal Independence Payment (PIP) assessments, presenting an opportunity to study how they are produced interactionally. Disabled people have often reported feeling disempowered by PIP assessments, and these assessments are notoriously inaccurate – the vast majority are overturned in the claimants' favour upon appeal. Given the quality of claimants' lives often depends on their outcome, it is urgent to learn how the assessment process yields so many successful appeals. Here we analyse a small sample of one PIP assessment recording, uploaded to YouTube by the claimant, to show the importance of understanding these high-stakes interactional situations. We intend for this to show the importance of looking at the interactional detail of PIP assessments, which have hitherto been hidden from scrutiny because of the difficulty of obtaining recordings of assessments.


Why does the author of 'No, non, niet, nein, no ...' (Nursing Standard May 1) argue that nursing auxiliaries are not professionals? We, the trained staff, are not professionals.


Current diagnostic classification systems have provided reliable, objective and valid diagnoses of mental disorders. They present both categorical and dichotomous approaches to mental disorders. However, rigid usage of diagnostic criteria may cause high comorbidity rates. Moreover, these classification systems fail to identify subthreshold conditions, atypical signs and symptoms, and personality traits associated with the core symptoms of a given mental disorder. These subclinical manifestations are clinically meaningful in terms of disability and effects on quality of life. For these reasons, many researchers have begun to develop dimensional or spectral approaches for a number of mental disorders. Studies on panic disorder with or without agoraphobia have revealed a substantial clinical heterogeneity. The panic-agoraphobic spectrum concept was defined to overcome these difficulties. This concept includes DSM-IV and ICD-10 diagnostic criteria together with atypical and subthreshold symptoms of panic disorder, and constitutes a broader band of panic and agoraphobia symptoms. The panic-agoraphobic spectrum incorporates eight domains of clinical features: 1) separation sensitivity, 2) panic-like symptoms, 3) stress sensitivity, 4) medication and substance sensitivity, 5) anxious expectation, 6) agoraphobia, 7) illness phobia and hypochondriasis, 8) reassurance orientation. In this article, we reviewed the spectrum conceptualization of panic disorder and agoraphobia, particularly focusing on the domains of the panic-agoraphobic spectrum and their assessment.