MEMBERS OF THE GENUS PASSIFLOM (PASSIFLORACEAE) are usually pollinated by insects, especially large bees and wasps. Hummingbird pollination is the second most prevalent syndrome in the genus (Janzen 1968, MacDougal 1994). In 1978, bat pollination was reported for the first time in Passz$ora mucronata. This Brazilian species is pollinated by the phyllostomid Glossophagu soricinu (Sazima & Sazima 1978). Only one other genus in the family Passifloraceae has been reported as bat-pollinated, with G. soricina the major pollen vector of Tetrastylis ovalis (also from Brazil; Buzato & Franco 1992). Both I? mucronata and ir: ovalis exibit most of the characters associated with a bat-pollination syndrome, including the lack of bright floral pigmentation parterns, the release of an unpleasant odor, and nocturnal anthesis (Faegri & Van Der Pijl 1976, Sazima & Sazima 1978, Buzato & Franco 1992). More recently, PasszfEora pendulzyora, found only in Cuba and Jamaica (Killip 1938, Liogier 1953, Adams 1972), was identified as another likely candidate for bat pollination. Passz$oru pendulzjora is 1 of 11 closely related Greater Antillean endemic species, which are primarily hummingbird-pollinated (JSillip 1938, MacDougal 1994); however, unlike the red, unscented tubular flowers of the hummingbirdpollinated species, I? pendulifloora has lime green, campanulate to slightly tubular flowers that hang upside down from unusually long peduncles. These flowers open up in the early evening and close by early morning. They release copious pollen and have a musty odor (Kay 1999). To interpret the pollination system of I? penduliflora, recent observations are presented here on its floral biology in relation to the behavior of its floral visitors and their capacity to carry pollen of the host flower. Observations on I? pendultflora were conducted at the Mason River Reserve, a wet savanna in Clarendon, Jamaica (Proctor 1970), for 23.5 hours over two days in August 1998 and six days in June/July 1999. A flashlight covered with red cellophane and moonlight provided the only illumination for the early evening and night observations. Mode and frequency of visitation by potential pollinators, as well as changes in the position of different floral organs over the life span of individual labeled flowers were recorded (Buzato & Franco 1992). The concentration of dissolved solutes in nectar was measured in the early evening and early morning using a 0 to 50 percent Bellingham and Standley refractometer (Knox et al. 1985). Flowers were smelled in situ and by placing four open flowers in a clean, sealed glass jar for a few minutes (Kearns & Inouye 1993). Bats were caught using 36 mm mist nets and dabbed for pollen using double-sided sticky tape before releasing the animals unharmed (Knox et al. 1985). Mist-netting time totaled 24 hours over seven days in June/July 1999 at the Mason River Reserve and surrounding areas; however, bats were caught on two nights only. The sticky tape used to remove pollen from the bats was stained with Calberla's fluid (Ogden et al. 1974) for pollen identification under light microscopy. A honeybee, Apis mellifera, was netted during daylight hours and sacrificed. Pollen carried by the bee was removed with an ethanol wash and stained with Calberla's fluid for identification (Goldblatt et al. 1998). The inverted buds of I! pendulifEora opened up in the early evening, exposing a reduced, green corona with orange-tipped filaments that clasped the androgynophore tightly. This ensured that the nectar remained in the flower receptacle, even though the flowers hung upside down (Fig. la). Flowers opened once and had a life span of less than 24 hours since petals opened as early as 1600 h, and all floral organs collapsed by early morning between 0600 and 0700 h. The flowers hung clear of the foliage on very long peduncles, which can be 2-4 cm long at anthesis and 6-10 cm long and pendulous in fruit (Killip 1938). Both anther dehiscence and nectar secretion started between 1630 and 1800 h. The nectar data show that individual flowers contained nectar with a higher concentration of dissolved solutes in the early evening than in the early morning. In the early evening, flowers secreted nectar with a mean of 17.3 percent dissolved solutes (min = 12%, max = 22%, N = 7, SD = 3.2) but by early morning, flowers


Introduction The term pseudodementia has been used to describe a dementia syndrome that develops in the context of a psychiatric disorder and subsides when the psychiatric symptomatology is ameliorated. The term was first used by Madden, Luban & Kaplan (1952) to describe patients with psychiatric disorders accompanied by defects in recent memory, calculation, and judgment that improved upon alleviation of their psychiatric condition. Pseudodementia was observed in 10% of patients in the series of Madden et al. (1952). Since then, the term pseudodementia has been associated with a reversible dementia syndrome resulting from a psychiatric illness. The concept of pseudodementia generated further interest when Kiloh (1961) reported ten cases of pseudodementia associated with hysteria, malingering, Ganser syndrome, paraphrenia, depression and mixed mood disorders. Kiloh emphasized that failure to identify cases with reversible dementia due to psychiatric disorders may promote therapeutic nihilism and abandonment of treatable cases or lead to unnecessarily invasive diagnostic studies. The term pseudodementia has been questioned by authors who emphasized the role of brain dysfunction in such cases. Folstein & McHugh (1978) argued that depression can give rise to a dementia syndrome which, although reversible, has a biological basis and should not be viewed as a false dementia. Conceptualization of pseudodementia as a nondementia, may hinder the search for underlying biologic mechanisms. Given the high frequency of pseudodementia in the elderly, Folstein & McHugh (1978) hypothesized that pseudodementia develops when the neurobiological disturbances of affective disorders are superimposed on a compromised aging brain.


This article previews the issues and arguments in two cases ― Exxon Corp. v. Allapattah Services, Inc. and Ortega v. Starkist Foods, Inc. ― on consolidated appeal to the Supreme Court during the 2004-05 Term. The consolidated Allapattah and Ortega appeals raise the question whether federal courts may assert supplemental jurisdiction over the claims of individuals joined under Fed. R. Civ. P. 20, or class members aggregated under Fed. R. 23, to satisfy the $75,000 amount-in-controversy requirement in order for a court to have jurisdiction over a diversity class action. In light of the supplemental jurisdiction statute Congress enacted in 1990, the Supreme Court is asked to reconsider the Court's 1973 Zahn rule that prohibits aggregation of individual claims to confer federal diversity jurisdiction. The Court also is asked to determine the effect of the supplemental jurisdiction statute over parties joined under Fed. R. Civ. P. 20. In Allapattah the Supreme Court is asked whether the federal supplemental jurisdiction statute, 28 U.S.C. § 1367, authorizes federal courts to assert supplemental jurisdiction over the claims of absent class members whose individual claims do not satisfy the $75,000 federal threshold for diversity jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1332. Implicit in this supplemental jurisdiction issue is the question whether the Court's precedent, in Zahn v. International Paper Co., 414 U.S. 291 (1973), has been overruled by Congress's enactment of 28 U.S.C. § 1367. In Ortega, the Supreme Court is asked whether in a diversity-based federal action where one plaintiff meets the amount-in-controversy requirement, whether the supplemental jurisdiction statute, 28 U.S.C. § 1367, authorizes courts to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over additional diverse plaintiffs who are joined under Fed. R. Civ. P. 20 and who do not satisfy the amount-in-controversy requirement. For class action attorneys, the Allapattah case is freighted with great significance: the Zahn stakes are very high indeed. In the absence of the Supreme Court getting unstuck on the Circuit Zahn split, diversity-based class actions that fail to meet the amount-in-controversy may proceed in some federal circuits, but not in others. Consequently, plaintiffs' class action attorneys will continue to proceed to favorable Zahn-overruling federal circuits, in order to bootstrap small individual claims under the supplemental jurisdiction statute. On the other hand, if the Court upholds the Zahn rule even in light of the supplemental jurisdiction statute, this will put the brakes on numerous diversity-based small claim class actions. The Ortega appeal presents the mirror-image problem presented by Allapattah, except in the non-class action context. In handling the Allapattah and Ortega cases on a consolidated docket, the Court additionally will have to address whether the form of aggregation of parties and claims makes a difference for the purpose of construction and application of the supplemental jurisdiction statute. At least some of the litigants argue that the aggregation of claims pursuant to the Rule 23 class action rule is fundamentally different than simple joinder under Rule 20. Exxon, for example, argues that Rule 23 is not a joinder device at all; that the class action is instead a representational litigation. In this view, the supplemental jurisdiction statute cannot be construed to permit aggregation of claims for representational litigation where the claims could not be joined in non-representational litigation. The Allapattah and Ortega cases are incredibly complex, but ultimately implicate longstanding rules of federal diversity jurisdiction. The combined Allapattah and Ortega appeals present the Court with two highly technical, knotty problems of statutory construction based on an admittedly messy supplemental jurisdiction statute. The Court is going to have to sort its way through the complicated interrelationship of the two subsections of the statute, and possibly the statute's equally complicated legislative history. In addition, the Court is going to have to determine whether the Zahn and Clark rules prohibiting aggregation of claims to satisfy the jurisdictional amount, have different implications for simple joinder under Rule 20, as opposed to aggregation in a representational class action under Rule 23. Ultimately, the Allapattah and Ortega cases implicate broader policy issues concerning federal court access. A cabined interpretation of the supplemental jurisdiction statute that limits the scope of the supplemental jurisdiction will have an impact on the ability to join multiple parties in simple joinder cases, and to pursue small claims class actions. On the contrary, an expansive reading of the supplemental jurisdiction statute, as overruling Zahn and Clark, would permit everyone into the federal court pool.


Primary carcinoid of the larynx is an extremely rare neoplasm. Only seven cases could be traced in the literature so far. The authors report another case in a 71 year-old male patient. Gross examination revealed a large ulcerated tumor of the right part of the supraglottic larynx. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of nests and sheets of relatively uniform cells with round nuclei. A Grimelius stain showed positively stained granules in the cytoplasm of the cells. One cervical lymph node presented little metastatic foci of the tumor cells. A review of the medical literature showed that all laryngeal carcinoid were pathologically malignant and the treatment of choice is the surgical excision.


A systematic ab initio (DFT-GGA) study of adsorption of various oxygen species on graphene has been performed in order to find out general trends and provide a good starting point to analyze the oxidation of more complex carbon materials. Particular attention was paid to finding an appropriate supercell model. According to our findings, atomic O is characterized by stable adsorption on graphene and very strong adsorption on defective graphene. On the other hand, O2 does not adsorb on graphene and is allowed to diffuse freely to the defect, where it is expected to dissociate into two strongly adsorbed O atoms. The obtained results were compared with available theoretical data in the literature and good agreement was achieved.


The worth of California's 1959 pear crop amounted to more than $66 million of value to the state's economy; gross returns to growers were in excess of $27 million; and the value to nongrowers exceeded $39 million. Pear production in California is concentrated in the 10 counties-Santa Clara, Placer, Lake, Sacramento, El DOrado, Mendocino, Solano, Sonoma, Contra Costa, and Yuba-that have 85% of the total producing acreage. Bartlett pears constitute 91% of the total acreage and more than 150,000 trees have been killed by the pear decline disease since the disease was found in California in March, 1959. The total effect of pear decline on the economy of California will depend on the percent of the trees killed by decline and the rapidity with which orchards are replanted or converted to an alternative use. The effects of pear decline on the local economy of the producing areas can be severe. In some of the leading production areas pears account for nearly 507, of the agricultural income and in some cases are a large percent of the total income of the county. Pear production costs vary from area to area and from farm to farm but for


Geographic variation in both the colour and pattern of carotenoid plumage pigmentation displayed by males in two subspecies of house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis and C. m. griscom) was quantified. The extent of ventral carotenoid pigmentation (patch size) differed markedly between these two subspecies; frontalis males from the U.S. (New York, Michigan, California and Hawaii) displayed a medium patch extending from their throats to their lower bellies, while griscomi males sampled in Guerrero, Mexico displayed small patches restricted to their throats. Frontalis males sampled in Michigan and New York and griscomi males were relatively bright in colouration, while frontalis males sampled in Hawaii were relatively drab. Populations of frontalis in California showed substantial local variation in average male colouration: in two areas only 12 km apart males were as colourful and as drab as any population sampled. In aviary experiments in which they were fed either a plain seed diet or a diet supplemented with red carotenoid pigments during moult, males from all populations converged on a similar appearance, except that griscomi males attained a brighter plumage than frontalis males when their diet was supplemented with red pigments. Regardless of diet, the difference in patch size between frontalis and griscomi males persisted after moult in captivity. The author concludes that the difference in patch size between frontalis and griscomi males reflects genetic differences between these populations, but that the differences in the mean plumage colouration of males among populations reflect differences in the access that males have to carotenoid pigments during moult.


Aims. We present an unbiased orbit solution and mass determination of the components of the eclipsing binary PG1336−018 as a critical test for the formation scenarios of subdwarf B stars.
Methods. We obtained high-resolution time series VLT/UVES spectra and high-speed multicolour VLT/ULTRACAM photometric
observations of PG1336−018, a rapidly pulsating subdwarf B star in a short period eclipsing binary.
Results. Combining the radial velocity curve obtained from the VLT/UVES spectra with the VLT/ULTRACAM multicolour
lightcurves, we determined numerical orbital solutions for this eclipsing binary. Due to the large number of free parameters and their strong correlations, no unique solution could be found, only families of solutions. We present three solutions of equal statistical
significance, two of which are compatible with the primary having gone through a core He-flash and a common-envelope phase described by the α-formalism. These two models have an sdB primary of 0.466 M and 0.389 M, respectively. Finally, we report the detection of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect for PG1336−018.


This article addresses Japan's global financial "brand." It first examines the concept of a national "brand" and the difficulties associated with creating a desirable image of a country among outsiders. It adopts an instrumental concept of branding, which focuses on the behavior that the national image should elicit from foreign countries. It also notes that effective branding must accurately reflect reality. For Japan, the goal should be to promote economic cooperation where mutual interests exist. Efforts should be focused on East Asia, where mutual economic interests are least fully realized, and where Japan's national image appears to be an important stumbling block. Japan should seek to demonstrate the potential for transition to a "post-developmental" financial model and to be the "indispensable partner" for regional cooperative and development initiatives. This will require continued progress in cleaning up and improving the competitiveness of Japan's financial institutions and financial system.


Discusses Western Europe's power needs to gear 2000 which are expected to require new technology, a high level of international cooperation and extensive applications of mature technology. The new technology is expected to be largely nuclear with breeder reactors playing a large part. Pumped storage system design advances are expected also.


Emerging technologies, such as Web-based data query systems (WDQSs), provide opportunities for state and local agencies to systematically organize and disseminate data to broad audiences and streamline the data distribution process. Despite the progress in WDQSs' implementation, led by agencies considered the "early adopters," there are still agencies left behind. This article explores the organizational issues and barriers to development of WDQSs in public health agencies and highlights factors facilitating the implementation of WDQSs.


Abstract Objective: To compare perinatal outcome and glycaemic control in two groups of pregnant diabetic patients receiving two insulin regimens. Design: Randomised controlled open label study. Setting: University affiliated hospital, Israel. Participants: 138 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus and 58 patients with pregestational diabetes mellitus received insulin four times daily, and 136 patients with gestational diabetes and 60 patients with pregestational diabetes received insulin twice daily. Intervention: Three doses of regular insulin before meals and an intermediate insulin dose before bedtime (four times daily regimen), and a combination of regular and intermediate insulin in the morning and evening (twice daily regimen). Main outcome measures: Maternal glycaemic control and perinatal outcome. Results: Mean daily insulin concentration before birth was higher in the women receiving insulin four times daily compared with twice daily: by 22 units (95% confidence interval 12 to 32) in patients with gestational diabetes and by 28 units (15 to 41) in patients with pregestational diabetes. Glycaemic control was better with the four times daily regimen than with the twice daily regimen: in patients with gestational diabetes mean blood glucose concentrations decreased by 0.19 mmol/l (0.13 to 0.25), HbA1c by 0.3% (0.2% to 0.4%), and fructosamine by 41 μmol/l (37 to 45), and adequate glycaemic control (mean blood glucose concentration <5.8 mmol/l) was achieved in 17% (8% to 26%) more women; in patients with pregestational diabetes mean blood glucose concentration decreased by 0.44 mmol/l (0.28 to 0.60), HbA1c by 0.5% (0.2% to 0.8%), and fructosamine by 51 μmol/l (45 to 57), and adequate glycaemic control was achieved in 31% (15% to 47%) more women. Maternal severe hypoglycaemic events, caesarean section, preterm birth, macrosomia, and low Apgar scores were similar in both dose groups. In women with gestational diabetes the four times daily regimen resulted in a lower rate of overall neonatal morbidity than the twice daily regimen (relative risk 0.59, 0.38 to 0.92), and the relative risk for hyperbilirubinaemia and hypoglycaemia was lower (0.51, 0.29 to 0.91 and 0.12, 0.02 to 0.97 respectively). The relative risk of hypoglycaemia in newborn infants to mothers with pregestational diabetes was 0.17 (0.04 to 0.74). Conclusions: Giving insulin four times rather than twice daily in pregnancy improved glycaemic control and perinatal outcome without further risking the mother. Key messages Improving maternal glycaemic control during pregnancy is the key to better perinatal outcome In pregnant diabetic women insulin four times daily achieved better glycaemic control and lower rate of perinatal complications (hypoglycaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia) than insulin twice daily Better glycaemic control resulted from a larger total daily insulin dose The intensified regimen did not lead to higher rate of severe maternal hypoglycaemia


Abstract. Thermodynamic profiles are often retrieved from the multi-wavelength
brightness temperature observations made by microwave radiometers (MWRs)
using regression methods (linear, quadratic approaches), artificial
intelligence (neural networks), or physical iterative methods. Regression
and neural network methods are tuned to mean conditions derived from a
climatological dataset of thermodynamic profiles collected nearby. In
contrast, physical iterative retrievals use a radiative transfer model
starting from a climatologically reasonable profile of temperature and water
vapor, with the model running iteratively until the derived brightness
temperatures match those observed by the MWR within a specified uncertainty. In this study, a physical iterative approach is used to retrieve temperature
and humidity profiles from data collected during XPIA (eXperimental
Planetary boundary layer Instrument Assessment), a field campaign held from
March to May 2015 at NOAA's Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) facility.
During the campaign, several passive and active remote sensing instruments
as well as in situ platforms were deployed and evaluated to determine their
suitability for the verification and validation of meteorological processes.
Among the deployed remote sensing instruments were a multi-channel MWR as
well as two radio acoustic sounding systems (RASSs) associated with 915
and 449 MHz wind profiling radars. In this study the physical iterative approach is tested with different
observational inputs: first using data from surface sensors and the MWR in
different configurations and then including data from the RASS in the
retrieval with the MWR data. These temperature retrievals are assessed
against co-located radiosonde profiles. Results show that the combination of the MWR and RASS observations in the retrieval allows for a more accurate characterization of low-level temperature inversions and that these retrieved temperature profiles match the radiosonde observations better than
the temperature profiles retrieved from only the MWR in the layer between
the surface and 3 km above ground level (a.g.l.). Specifically, in this layer
of the atmosphere, both root mean square errors and standard deviations of
the difference between radiosonde and retrievals that combine MWR and RASS
are improved by mostly 10 %–20 % compared to the configuration that does not
include RASS observations. Pearson correlation coefficients are also
improved. A comparison of the temperature physical retrievals to the
manufacturer-provided neural network retrievals is provided in Appendix A.


Based on literature, an analysis of subjective fear of falling,
statistical data dealing with injuries and empirical
experiences it has been developed an intervention movement
program focused on rhythmic gymnastics, dance and selected
motor abilities connected with risk of fall at individuals in
senium period and related quality of life of seniors. Health
state, lifestyle and level of kinetic skills were examined
before and after the interventional program. A tested person
was 88 years old men whose health state corresponds to his age.
The intervention program were employed for six months twice a
week. Every lesson took sixty minutes. To verify the effect of
the intervention program, we used ten motor tests and
semi-structured depth-interview. Testing was performed before
and after the intervention program. Our study showed that the
tested person having some health problems corresponding to his
high age was able to utilize the intervention program to
improve the level of certain motor skills narrowly connected
with higher risk of falls incidence and everyday activities.


Summary: Basal serum prolactin levels were elevated up to 66 weeks postpartum in lactating amenorrhoeic women. The serum prolactin level in fully breast‐feeding women was significantly higher than in women who were partially breast‐feeding. The mean basal serum prolactin level in menstruating, lactating women was significantly higher than the mean level in women who had weaned and had normal menstrual cycles. The rise in prolactin due to suckling was seen up to 66 weeks postpartum. The marked variability and lack of reproducibility of individual suckling responses may obscure the importance of prolactin secretion in the postpartum period. Nevertheless, this study confirms that prolactin secretion is increased in women with prolonged lactational amenorrhoea.


The argument presented in this paper is that a process-based view is useful for identifying good management practices because of its holistic multi-dimensional view of organisations. This view involves identifying both the external and internal organisational factors affecting processes. With regard to the external environment two forces driving processes are discussed: (1) processes involve responding to the environmental influences; (2) processes focus on stakeholder satisfaction. On the internal environment, the relationship between processes and the internal environment is two-fold: (1) processes drive or are driven by the strategy of the organisation; (2) processes determine or should determine organisational structure. The theoretical model developed provides a useful tool for managers to consider in their thinking about and planning for the future of their organisations.


Oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion (OLLIF) is a novel operation for fusions of the lumbar spine from T12–S1. In OLLIF, the disk is approached from an oblique lateral angle guided by electrophysiological monitoring and biplanar fluoroscopy; the disk space is accessed through Kambin's triangle. We present perioperative, clinical, patient-reported and radiological outcomes from a series of 303 OLLIF procedures on 568 levels performed by the same surgeon. For a single-level OLLIF, mean surgery time was 56.6 ± 37.7 minutes, with a blood loss of 42.2 ± 31.1 mL, fluoroscopy time of 198.8 ± 87.2 seconds and a hospital stay of 2.2 ± 1.7 days. At the one-year follow-up, 10-point pain scale scores improved from 8.6 ± 1.3 to 4.1 ± 3.0 (p < 0.001). Total Oswestry disability index score improved from 56.6% ± 15.3% to 38.6% ± 21.4% (p < 0.001). At the one-year follow-up, 15 (5%) patients had mild nerve root irritation defined as sensory symptoms and motor weakness better than 4/5. Only one patient had neuropraxia due to weakness (3/5). There was one case (0.3%) of superficial wound infection and one case of bleeding into the psoas major. Reoperation within one year was performed for 14 (4.7%) patients. Interbody fusion was achieved in 98.7% of levels. While OLLIF has previously been described, this study is the first to present clinical, patient-reported, and radiological outcomes of OLLIF. Review of the literature shows that OLLIF produces perioperative outcomes, complication rates, and fusion rates that compare favorably with similar procedures. We establish that OLLIF is a safe, efficient and efficacious procedure for fusions of the lumbar spine.


BACKGROUND
Varicella is a highly infectious disease, particularly affecting children, that can lead to complications requiring antibiotics or hospitalization. Antibiotic use for varicella management is poorly documented. This study assessed antibiotic use for varicella and its complications in a pediatric population in England.

METHODS
Data were drawn from medical records in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink and Hospital Episode Statistics datasets. Patients <18 years old diagnosed with varicella during 2014-2018 with 3-month follow-up available were included. We described varicella-related complications, medication use, healthcare resource utilization, and costs from diagnosis until 3-month post-diagnosis.

RESULTS
We identified 114,578 children with a primary varicella diagnosis. 7.7% (n = 8,814) had a varicella-related complication, the most common being ear, nose, and throat related (37.1%, n = 3,271). In all, 25.9% (n = 29,706/114,578) were prescribed antibiotics. A higher proportion of patients with complications than those without complications were prescribed antibiotics (64.3%, n = 5,668/8,814 vs. 22.7%, n = 24,038/105,764). Mean annualized varicella-related costs were £2,231,481 for the study cohort. Overall, antibiotic prescriptions cost ∼£262,007.

CONCLUSIONS
This study highlights high antibiotic use and healthcare resource utilization associated with varicella management, particularly in patients with complications. A national varicella vaccination program in England may reduce varicella burden and related complications, medication use, and costs.


BackgroundIdentifying medication errors is one method of improving patient safety. Peri operative anesthetic management of patient includes polypharmacy and various steps prior to drug administration. Our objective was to analyze the medication errors reported in our critical incident reporting system (CIRS) database over the last 15 years (2004-2018) and to review measures taken for improvement based on the reported errors.MethodsAll Critical incidents (CI) reported during January 2004 till December 2018 were retrieved from CIRS database. Medication errors were identified and entered on a data extraction form which included reporting year, patients age, surgical specialty, ASA status, time of incident, phase and type of anesthesia and drug handling, type of error, class of medicine, level of harm, severity of adverse drug event (ADE) and steps taken for improvement.Results 311 medication errors were reported. Fifty two percent errors occurred in ASA II and III patient, and 43% during induction. Sixty % occurred during administration phase and 65 % were due to human error. Thirty seven percent were ADE, 58 of which were significant, 23 serious and five life-threatening errors. Majority errors involved neuromuscular blockers (32%) and opioids (13%).Conclusion Sharing of CI and a lesson to be learnt e-mail, colour coded labels, change in medication trolley lay out, decrease in floor stock and high alert labels were the low-cost steps taken to reduce incidents.Medication errors were more frequent during administration. Twenty eight percent resulted in significant, serious, or life-threatening events.


A partial credit risk guarantee (PCG) provides comprehensive cover to sub-national governments' (SNGs) lenders in the event the SNG fails to make debt service payments on their debt, or when any default occurs, for any reason. A PCG provides direct or indirect debt service payment coverage for an SNG commercial bank loan or domestic bond issue. A PCG can also provide other improvements, or credit enhancements, to a debt obligation, such as extending and covering maturities beyond the term of bank loans or bonds normally available in the financial markets. This type of PCG helps an SNG match its debt maturity to the useful life of a project and lowers annual debt service payments. This allows the SNG to finance more of its infrastructure program.


This research aimed at the evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Theory of Mind Assessment Scale (Th.o.m.a.s.). Th.o.m.a.s. is a semi-structured interview meant to evaluate a person's Theory of Mind (ToM). It is composed of several questions organized in four scales, each focusing on one of the areas of knowledge in which such faculty may manifest itself: Scale A (I-Me) investigates first-order first-person ToM; Scale B (Other-Self) investigates third-person ToM from an allocentric perspective; Scale C (I-Other) again investigates third-person ToM, but from an egocentric perspective; and Scale D (Other-Me) investigates second-order ToM. The psychometric proprieties of Th.o.m.a.s. were evaluated in a sample of 156 healthy persons: 80 preadolescent and adolescent (aged 11–17 years, 42 females) and 76 adults (aged from 20 to 67 years, 35 females). Th.o.m.a.s. scores show good inter-rater agreement and internal consistency; the scores increase with age. Evidence of criterion validity was found as Scale B scores were correlated with those of an independent instrument for the evaluation of ToM, the Strange Stories task. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed good fit of the four-factors theoretical model to the data, although the four factors were highly correlated. For each of the four scales, Rasch analyses showed that, with few exceptions, items fitted the Partial credit model and their functioning was invariant for gender and age. The results of this study, along with those of previous researches with clinical samples, show that Th.o.m.a.s. is a promising instrument to assess ToM in different populations.


Objective: Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) cooperates with a longevity gene, Sirt1, to exert the potentiation of stress resistance. We have reported that the high expression level of Nampt in PTs contributes to the sufficient supply of NMN to glomeruli. We also showed that downregulation of Nampt and NMN in PT in DN leads to glomerular damages (Nature Medicine 2013). However, the regulation mechanisms of Nampt expression remain unknown. Design and Method: We investigated how Nampt expression is consistently retained at high levels in PTs under normal conditions and how Nampt levels are decreased in DN. Results: In murine models of DN, Sirt1 expression in PTs was decreased 8 weeks after DN onset. At 24 weeks, TGF-&bgr; production increased which directly lowered Nampt expression in PTs. Human renal biopsy samples showed the same patterns seen in mice. A promoter analysis identified that CpG islands reside within Nampt gene region in both humans and mice, which contain four enhancer (E-) box sites. AhR/ARNT binds to the distal two E-box sequences. Results from luciferase reporter assays and gel electrophoresis mobility shift assays demonstrated that the basal transcription of Nampt depends on AhR/ARNT binding to the E-box sites, identifying this as a core promoter. We found that TGF-&bgr; activated Dnmt1, leading to the hypermethylation of CpGs which blocked AhR/ARNT binding and decreased Nampt expression. Results from methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing using laser-microdissected PT regions assays showed that the methylation levels of E-box sites were very low in control non-DN mice but significantly higher in DN mice. Conclusions: Nampt's E-box is a core promoter with low CpG methylation easily bound by AhR/ARNT, which results in the high expression of Nampt providing sufficient NMN under normal conditions. The DN-induced proximal tubular TGF-&bgr; production and its concomitant hypermethylation of the E-box disrupt this balance.


This research was studied to find out the best ingredients for making demi-glace sauce, using the thickening agent with glutinous rice, non-glutinous rice, brown rice, and black rice, and to look into the quality characteristics. The moisture of demi-glace sauce depending on the thickening type was that the roux added cereals was higher than the control. In addition, it was increased depending on the extension of the storage time. The control was the highest on pH and acidity. On variation depending on the storage time, all of the experimental groups showed decrease on pH. Demi-glace sauce with brown rice and black rice roux showed increase of acidity. The DPPH radical was not tended to be decreased in the experimental group, but it was rapidly decreased in the control, depending on the extension of the storage time. Demi-glace sauce with non-glutinous rice was the highest on Hunter`s color L value and generally increased according to the storage time. Also demi-glace sauce with glutinous rice was the highest on `a` value and `b` value but was decreased according to the storage time. The control was highest on viscosity, and demi-glace sauce with non-glutious and black rice roux were low on the variation of viscosity depending on the storage time. Increment of total bacteria in demi-glace sauce with black and brown rice roux was relatively lower than the control on storage stability test, and demi-glace sauce with brown rice roux got the highest point after swallow, taste and overall of sensory evaluation.


In this paper, we propose algorithms to jointly optimize the multiple multiantenna relays which assist multipoint-to-multipoint communications in wireless networks. Assuming that the knowledge of the second order statistics of the channels such as covariance matrices are available, the multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) relays are designed using two different methods: (1) minimize the sum of the powers of the relays while fulfilling the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) requirements for all destinations and (2) maximize the minimum of the SINRs of all destinations satisfying the transmit power constraint of each MIMO relay. Furthermore, considering the fact that the covariance matrices of the channels between the MIMO relays and destinations are subject to uncertainty due to feedback and quantization errors, the robust versions of the aforementioned methods based on worst-case concept are proposed. It is shown that the proposed nonrobust as well as robust designs are nonconvex optimization problems but they can be solved accurately and efficiently using the standard semidefinite relaxation and randomization techniques. Computer simulations verify the improved performance of the robust designs over nonrobust methods.


Mice and 3-day-old chickens were orally inoculated with the recombinant attenuated Salmonella typhimurium strain ZJ111 carrying pcDNA3-F expression plasmid encoding the fusion protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The results showed that ZJ111/pcDNA3-F was relatively safe. The recombinant plasmid pcDNA3-F was stable within the host stain ZJ111 in vitro and in vivo as shown by restriction enzyme analysis and PCR identification of the F gene. In an experimental vaccination study, 3-day-old chickens were orally immunized with ZJ111/pcDNA3-F with a dose of 108 cfu per chicken and boosted two weeks later. At week 4 post boosting, all chickens were challenged with a lethal dose of a virulent NDV strain F48 E9. The results showed that oral vaccination with ZJ111/pcDNA3-F induced stronger humoral and cellular immune responses than intramuscular immunization with naked pcDNA3-F plasmid. It also exhibited higher protection rate than the latter (66.7% vs 50%). This study indicates that the DNA vaccine using attenuated Salmonella typhimurium as delivery carrier had good safety, stability and immunogenicity and exhibited good potential of low cost and convenience for poultry disease control.


We investigate single sneutrino production in the context of R-parity-violating supersymmetry at future ?? linear colliders. The sneutrino is produced in association with fermion pairs and it is shown that its decays into two further fermions will lead to a clean signal. We also discuss possible standard model backgrounds and the effects of beam polarization.


Formant frequency of vowels in a language is considered as one of the important acoustical parameter of speech signal. This parameter can be seen as acoustic resonance of human vocal tract. Although formant frequencies which is changeable across genders, age, and languages have been studied for various purposes by many researchers in some languages, alteration effects of stop consonants on adjacent vowels hasn't been worked yet for Turkish language. In this study, formant frequency values (F1, F2 and F3) of eight isolated vowels (/a/, /e/, /i/, /i/, /o/, /o/, /u/, /u/) have been compared to formant frequency values of vowels that come after any stop consonant (/p/, /t/, /k/, /b/, /d/, /g/) to detect any changes caused by stop consonants in formant frequencies. Totally 48 meaningful Turkish syllables (combinations of all stop consonants and all vowels) and 8 isolated vowels have been uttered by 10 male speakers three times repeatedly for each unit. At the end of this study, the plosive stop consonants /p/ and /g/ among others have been found as the ones having most alteration effects on F1 value of adjacent vowel /a/ in a CVC-context syllable. F2 of isolated vowel /a/ has been shifted up with /k/ and /g/ visibly. Also, F3 of /a/ has been shifted down by approximately 150 Hz with the same plossive stop consonants /k/ and /g/. These findings can help researchers studying on formant frequencies of vowels in Turkish language in order to specify right syllables to deal with.


ObjectiveTo determine whether a dose-response relation exists between the number of reported close friends and traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity in the postacute phase in school-age children. DesignA retrospective relational study. Setting and ParticipantsPrimary care hospital/medical center–based study on parental perspectives of recovery following TBI in school-age children (14 with severe TBI; 10 with moderate TBI; 36 with mild TBI; and 16 trauma controls). Main Outcome MeasuresParental ratings on the Child Behavior Checklist and selected neuropsychological test findings and ratings of academic performance. ResultsSeventy-five percent of trauma controls but only 38.9% of children with mild and 20% of children with moderate TBI reportedly had 4 or more friends. Only 14.3% of children with severe TBI reportedly had 4 or more friends. Glasgow Coma Scale score at admission correlated with the number of friends postacutely (by parental reports) (r = +0.307, N = 76, P = .007). Conclusion: More severe brain injury is associated with fewer friends in the postacute phase following TBI. The relation, however, was not purely linear and the hypothesis was supported only partially. Broadening the social network of children with moderate and severe TBI should be a major goal of neuropsychological rehabilitation.


The incidence of cutaneous lesions associated with inflammatory bowel disease varies from 2 to 34% [1±5]. The most frequently described skin manifestations of IBD are pyoderma gangrenosum and erythema nodosum [1±5]. Metastatic Crohn's disease is a rare cutaneous manifestation of Crohn's disease. It is characterized by a non-caseating granulomatous skin reaction in Crohn patients with a clinical course that does not necessarily correspond to the severity of bowel lesions and is usually resistant to topical therapy [1±5]. We describe the case of a patient with MCD whose cutaneous lesions preceded the gastrointestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease by 13 months and responded fully to conventional therapy for IBD, i.e., oral metronidazole and rectal steroid and mesalamine suppositories at the first episode, and rectal steroid and mesalamine suppositories at a flare-up.


Large recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) structural members, difficult to manufacture by extrusion processes, have been created by the hot plate welding of simple plastic lumber sections. Hot plate welding generates better joint strength than any other welding method currently employed in plastic manufacturing. However, to achieve the desired temperature of the thick plate to melt the polymer uniformly, the process needs a high amount of heat energy requiring furnace (or resistance) heating of a considerable mass. A new method which could combine the heating element and a thin plate into one source could be more efficient in terms of heat loss and thus energy used. The premise of this investigation is to replace the hot plate with a very thin piece of high resistance nickel-chromium alloy ribbon to localize the application of heat within a plastic weld joint in order to reduce energy loss and its associated costs. This resistance ribbon method uses electrical current to reach an adequate temperature to allow for the welding of the HDPE plastic. The ribbon is only slightly larger than the welding surface and very thin to reduce the loss of excess heat through unused surface area and thick sides.The purpose of this project was to weld recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) using resistance welding and to match the tensile strength results considered acceptable in industry for hot plate welding, that is, equal to or greater than 80% of the base material strength. Information obtained through literature review and previous investigations in our laboratories established welding (heating) temperature and time as testing factors. Designed experimentation considered these factors in optimizing the process to maximize the weld tensile strength. A wide-ranging full-factorial experimental design using many levels was created for the initial testing plan. Tensile strengths obtained after welding under the various condition combinations of weld temperature and time revealed a region of higher strength values in the response surface. After the wide-range initial testing, the two control parameters, heating temperature and heating time, were ultimately set up in a focused Face Centered Cubic (FCC) Response Surface Method (RSM) testing design and the tensile strength response was then analyzed using statistical software. The results obtained indicated a strong correlation between heating time and heating temperature with strength. All welded samples in the final testing set exhibited tensile strength of over 90% base material, meeting the goal requirements. A full quadratic equation relationship for tensile strength as a function of welding time and temperature was developed and the maximum tensile strength was achieved when using 280°C for 60 seconds.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


Development in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has influenced the libraries for its overall betterment. Libraries use ICT to manage communication facilities, housekeeping operations, user's services, standardization and extension of library activities. The shift from print to digital information has a high impact on all components of the academic library system in India especially the users, services and the staff. Though information is considered as an important resource, the use of ICT tools to collect and disseminate information has been in a slow pace in majority of the libraries This may be due to various factors like insufficient funds, inadequate staff trained in handling computers and software packages, administrative concerns etc. This paper overviews the basic concept of information and technology used in libraries.


Acute atorvastatin treatment in an experimental model of colitis was studied using the acetic acid induction modality for colitis in rats. This study was aimed to evaluate possible therapeutic effects of atorvastatin against acetic acid-induced colitis in a rat model and to find out the correlation between severity index with oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory markers. Experimental colitis was induced in rats by rectal administration of 4% acetic acid (vol/vol). Rats with colitis were received either atorvastatin 10mg/kg or sulfasalazine 100mg/kg orally for 7 days. Macroscopical and microscopical assessment and the measurement of the colonic cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), oxidative stress markers; myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and adhesion molecules (E-Selectin and ICAM-1). Both the macroscopical lesion area and histological colonic injury induced by acetic acid were reduced significantly by both atorvastatin and sulfasalazine. These were associated by attenuation of the increased colonic MPO activity, MDA and proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, there is the downregulation of the adhesion molecules. In the present study, Atorvastatin had shown therapeutic effects in experimental colitis. The anti-inflammatory actions involve antioxidant effect related to phenolic moiety along with inhibition of adhesion molecule synthesis in the colonic tissues.


Background
Branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) are rumen-derived fatty acids comprising ∼2% of bovine-milk fatty acids. BCFAs possess anti-inflammatory properties and enriching the BCFA content of bovine milk may provide human health benefits.

Objective
We determined whether forage content impacts the BCFA content of milk from Holstein cows and identified fatty acid phenotypes in high vs. low BCFA-containing milks.

Methods
Holstein cows (n = 62), fed for 67 d in a crossover design, consumed a diet with high forage and low concentrate (HF:C) and a diet with low forage and high concentrate (LF:C). Milk samples were collected at the end of each treatment period and fatty acid content determined. Paired t-tests, 1-factor ANOVA, sparse partial least-squares discriminant analysis (sPLSDA), and Pearson's correlation analysis were used to analyze the data.

Results
The total milk fatty acid concentration for cows fed the HF:C diet was greater than that of cows fed the LF:C diet (4.2 ± 0.7 g/100 mL vs. 3.9 ± 0.9 g/100 mL). sPLSDA demonstrated separation of the dietary treatments, with BCFAs and odd-chain fatty acids as primary determinants. Total BCFA content in milk fat was elevated by HF:C intake compared with LF:C intake (1.80 vs. 1.68%). Quintile separation of high vs. low BCFA milks resulted in 4 groups: HF:C /low BCFAs, HF:C /high BCFAs; LF:C /low BCFAs, and LF:C /high BCFAs. Milks from the high BCFA quintiles had lower palmitic acid content (29.6% vs. 34.4%) but higher oleic acid content than milks from the low BCFA quintiles (19.7% vs. 17.0%). Some cows were identified as high BCFA producers or low BCFA producers regardless of diet.

Conclusions
BCFA content of milk is diet-sensitive but variation in responses exists. The potential to produce milk with high BCFA content and lower SFA content needs further study.


In 20th century Hungarian regional development, apart from the influence of the inner regularities of the economy, economic policy and state regional development policy was influenced by international political decisions that upset the spatial structure of the country and delayed its integration into Europe. Due to the economic policies of the last fifty years and to the settlement structure development initiated in the 1960's, the spatial structure of the country has changed, its settlement structure has become formally more modern and differences between the major regions have lessened. In spite of the favourable changes, the spatial structure of the country still does not suit the conditions required for the rise of a modern market economy. The increasing social and economic innovations as well as the country's integration into the European division of labour are hindered by the lack of cohesion and infrastructural connections between the regions and by the underdeveloped character of regional centres. The purpose of the first part of the study is to present the changing regional policy from the 90s, its strategic objectives and priorities, its relationship to sectoral policies, the changing legal regulation and the territorial structure of Fund utilisation. In the second chapter, the author gives an overview of the new era of regional policy beginning with the legislation of 1996, introducing the National Regional Development Concept and the instruments of regional policy. The third chapter examines the EU-compatibility of Hungarian regional policy. In the final part of the study the author considers the most significant tasks to be implemented before EU-accession. He concludes that even though regional policy in Hungary is in a state of flux, as opposed the other East-Central European countries, measures have progressed far beyond the conceptual stage, the institutional infrastructure has been in action, there has been a recent trend to achieve greater compatibility between EU and Hungarian regional policies.


Rationale: Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) is rare and an idiopathic disorder. The disease has been associated with drugs, infection, or irradiation, and its relationship with asthma remains unclear. Patient concerns: We reported a case of a 49-year-old female patient after trastuzumab and radiation therapy for breast cancer. Two months after radiation treatment, the patient complained of productive cough, progressive breathlessness, occasional wheezing, and left pectoralgia. Diagnoses: Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed infiltrates in lungs. Without evidence of infection, marked increased eosinophils in a transbronchial biopsy performed from the left upper lobe confirmed the diagnosis of CEP after trastuzumab and radiation therapy. Interventions: The patient was started with oral prednisone at 0.5 mg/kg/day. Outcomes: A CT scan of the chest obtained 2 weeks after steroid treatment showed diminishment of the lesions, and at the 6-month follow-up, the patient had no complaints of discomfort with no relapse of pulmonary lesions. Lessons: Physicians should consider CEP as a diagnosis in patients who have had previous exposure to trastuzumab and radiation therapy, especially with a history of asthma. Timely diagnosis and treatment may benefit these patients.


Producers are interested in growing forages, yet the southwest region of Kansas lacks proven recommended crop rotations such as those for grain crops. Forage production is important to the region's livestock and dairy industries and is becoming increasingly important as irrigation well capacity declines. Forages require less water than grain crops and may allow for increased cropping intensity and opportunistic cropping. A study was initiated in 2013 comparing several 1-, 3-, and 4-year forage rotations with no-till and minimum-till (mintill). Data presented are from 2013 through 2014. Winter triticale yields were not affected by tillage in 2013 but were increased by tillage in 2014. Double-crop forage sorghum yielded 30% of full-season forage sorghum in 2013, which was a drought year, but across years yielded 70% of full-season sorghum. Oats failed to make a crop during the drought year and do not appear to be as drought tolerant as spring triticale or forage sorghum. Subsequent years will be used to compare forage rotations and profitability.


Abstract. Logging of tropical primary forests is a widely acknowledged global issue threatening biodiversity hotspots and indigenous communities leading to
significant land erosion and decreased soil stability. The downstream effects of logging on human coastal communities include poor water quality and
increased sedimentation. Quantifying the impacts of historical deforestation within a watershed requires accurate data from river discharge or
satellite images, which are rarely available prior to the 1980s. In the absence of these in situ measurements, proxies have successfully produced
accurate, long-range, historical records of temperature, hydrological balance, and sediment discharge in coastal and oceanic environments. We
present a 30-year, monthly resolved Ba/Ca proxy record of sediment in river discharge as measured from the skeletal remains of massive
corals Porites sp. from northern Malaysian Borneo. We make the comparison with local instrumental hydrology data, river discharge and
rainfall, to test the reliability of the Ba/Cacoral proxy. Our results show that averaging five records into two composites results in
significant positive annual correlations with river discharge (r = 0.5 and r = 0.59) as well as a difference in correlation strength
coherent with distance from the river mouth, with the composite closer to the river mouth displaying a higher correlation. More importantly,
Ba/Cacoral records from this region showed a very similar upward trend to that of river discharge on multi-decennial timescales. The lack
of similar increase and overall stability in the precipitation record suggests that the river discharge's trend recorded by corals is linked to the
increasing land use associated with ever-growing deforestation. We argue that massive corals in this region are therefore valuable archives of past
hydrological conditions and accurately reflect changes in land use patterns.


SOCIAL 362 pp., or THE of the nature of emotional disturbances, of substitutive and evasive reactions, of symbolic expressions, and of the various modes of getting satisfaction for the complicated needs of the individual. He notes that the trend of psychiatric thought is to emphasize the integration of all the component forces in the individual to effect the amelioration of disturbed function and the restoration of personal efficiency. In the section, The Stuff of Life and the Schizophrenic Reaction, the author presents a classification of schizophrenic patients based particularly upon a consideration of personal and environmental factors, liberally illustrated with brief and instructive life histories in which the outstanding drama and conflicts are skilfully depicted and discussed. Dr. Campbell emphasizes that every patient is an individual problem, not a standardized article and not merely a particular example of a recognized disorder. He stresses the desirability of looking on the psychosis as a partial expression of the underlying needs of the personality, as merely one phase of the patient's attempt at adaptation to his life situation. This background must be accorded due attention in the intensive investigation of specific symptoms and possible causes. The results of the clinical investigation have to be evaluated in the setting of the personality, of the human needs of the patient, and of the demands made upon him by the environment. In the third lecture, Our Kinship with the Schizophrenic, Dr. Campbell indicates that a review of the schizophrenic psychoses seems to lessen the apparent gap between the schizophrenic and the normal mentality; the schizophrenic begins to appear less alien, his idiom becomes more intelligible, and his behavior resolves itself into a caricature of the familiar traits of human nature. To the social worker, to everyone dealing with human relations, Dr. Campbell's interesting book will bring a deeper insight into and a more enlightened attitude toward the schizophrenic and the varied and more complicated problems of human adaptation. It will give a clearer insight into the deeper forces of human nature and the complex structure of personality. LERoy M. A. MAEDER, M.D. Philadelphia


Artocarpus heterophyllus found wild in the forest r egion, fruit are multiple seeded containing mucilage. To Isolate mucilage pulp is removed and t he macerated with water then filter. Acetone precipitation method is used to isolate mucilage fr om filtrate and dried in vacuum dryer at 40 o C. The physicochemical characteristic of mucilage has performed such as swelling index, solubility, loss on drying. This study was carried out to compa re the binding effects of isolated mucilage with starch. Granule properties such as angle of re pose, moisture content, bulk and tapped densities, Hausner's ratio, Carr's index and tablet properties which included weight uniformity, friability, disintegration times, and dissolution r ates using standard methods. Mucilage of varying concentrations of 4, 6 and 8%w/w were used to produce paracetamol granules by wet granulation method and compressed into tablets at a rbitr ry pressure load unit of 6 tons. An increase in binder concentration led to decrease in friability and increase in disintegration time of the tablets. The results indicate that mucilage obtained from Artocarpus heterophyllus fruit possesses comparable binding properties.


The target thickness for nitrogen was determined from the beam energy loss in HIRFL-CSRe during the experimental study of the K-REC process in 197 MeV/u Xe54+-N-2 collisions. Furthermore, the corresponding integrated luminosity of (1.15 +/- 0.06) x 10(30) cm(-2) was obtained. As an independent check on the energy-loss method, we have also determined the integrated luminosity by measuring the produced X-rays from the K-REC process with a known differential cross section. The values of (1.12 +/- 0.06) x 10(30) and (1.09 +/- 0.06) x 10(30) cm(-2) were obtained by using two high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors which were oriented at 90 degrees and 120 degrees with respect to the beam path, respectively. The consistent results confirmed the feasibility of the energy-loss method, which may have an important impact on future internal target experiments at HIRFL-CSRe.


From planimetric measurements of the total gland and its components, at progressively later intervals following unilateral adrenalectomy and contralateral enucleation in the rat, full regeneration of the cortex was observed to occur within 6–8 weeks. Free corticosteroids disappeared from the plasma within 6–8 hours of the enucleation procedure. Their subsequent rise, already detectable on the 4th day, culminated in a transient and slightly supernormal peak on the 16th day. From a correlation of the plasma free corticosteroid levels to the corresponding amounts of cortex, the secretory activity of the regenerating gland per unit of cortical tissue was estimated at 570% of the paired-weight control base line after 16 days, and at slightly above 200% after 7 weeks, when it leveled off. The pituitary ACTH response to the procedure was characterized by a transient rise within the first 15 minutes, followed by a fall to 35% of the control level after 4 hours, and to 22% after 12, subsequent rise to a crest of 330% on the 16th day, and regression thereafter to near-normal values, recorded on the 184th day. The concomitant rises and falls of pituitary ACTH, cortical secretory index and plasma free corticosteroids, observed in association with cortical deficiency and regeneration, reinforce the conclusion, reached from previous studies, that both release and synthesis of ACTH are accelerated by hypo- and depressed by hypercorticoidism, and that, furthermore, the regulatory effect of steroids is predominantly exerted on synthesis.


This book gives a good understanding of the progress being made in controlled radical polymerization process. The basic principle of controlled/living radical polymerization is fundamental to the creation of new radical polymerization techniques including atom transfer radical, and reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization. These discoveries bring new life to the field of free radical polymerization; indeed, an abundance of polymer materials with different topologies have been prepared. I hope that this Special Topic on "Functional Controlled/Living Radical Polymers: Synthesis, Kinetics and Physico-chemical Properties" will cultivate new ideas and catalyze discoveries in every reader's laboratory. This book is aimed to provide information related to the newest controlled radical polymerization methodology, ATRP and RAFT, their required components and their advantages and necessities. I demonstrates that how simple molecule selectively arrange as different topology like linear, star, multi arm polymers containing functional groups for various applications.


Thermal behaviour and thermophysical properties of two typical cathodes for lithium-ion batteries were studied in dependence of temperature. The cathode materials are composite thick films containing a mixture of 90 wt% LiMeO2 active material (with Me = Co or Me = Ni + Mn + Co, respectively) and additives (binder and carbon black), deposited on aluminium current collector foils. The thermal conductivity of each cathode type and their corresponding composite layers were determined up to 573 K from the measured thermal diffusivity, the specific heat capacity and the estimated density based on metallographic methods and structural investigations. In addition, the impact of lithiation degree x in LixMeO2 on the transport properties of cathode samples was also investigated. The quantitative determination and the homogeneity of Li content on the surface and within the bulk of the samples were validated by laser induced breakdown spectrometry. The results presented here explain at cell component level, i.e. cathode material, the thermal runaway behaviour of lithium-ion batteries in a combined approach of application oriented and fundamental research. Therefore, these data are significant for improving the simulation studies of their thermal management, in which the bulk properties are assumed, as a common approach, temperature and lithiation degree independent.


Geomagnetism data holdings at the World Data Centre for Geomagnetism (Edinburgh) include observatory minute, hourly and annual mean values and global magnetic survey and repeat station data. Until 2007 the observatory minute and hourly mean value holdings were maintained by the Danish Meteorological Institute. We describe the quality control procedures developed at the British Geological Survey for application to new and legacy data.

A number of issues raised for the legacy observatory hourly mean values result from formatting and typographical mistakes. The clearly obvious mistakes are being corrected in the WDC data that are made available at www.wdc.bgs.ac.uk. Whilst these quality control procedures have been mostly developed with the application of global modelling in mind, they will have benefits for all users of the data. Some examples of corrections are given.


Ultrahigh energy neutrinos (UHEnu) scatter on relic neutrinos (Rnu) producing Z bosons, which can decay hadronically producing protons (Z burst). We compare the predicted proton spectrum with the observed ultrahigh energy cosmic ray (UHECR) spectrum and determine the mass of the heaviest Rnu via a maximum likelihood analysis. Our prediction depends on the origin of the powerlike part of the UHECR spectrum: m(nu) = 2.75(+1.28)(-0.97) eV for Galactic halo and 0.26(+0.20)(-0.14) eV for extragalactic origin. The necessary UHEnu flux should be detected in the near future.


Brian Altman KC reviewed unreliable expert evidence on the Horizon software system. The Post Office denied, including to Parliament, that there was any evidence of miscarriages of justice revealed before the Court of Appeal in 2021. In his review, Brian Altman KC indicated the prosecutions was fundamentally sound; this paper looks at the quality of the judgments arrived at to come to that conclusion.
Index words: Altman General review; Post Office Limited; Horizon IT system; unreliable evidence; Clarke Advice; Swift Review; Bates litigation; Hamilton appeals


With rapid development of economy in China, the construction of the project has been increasing continuously. In the process of construction, accidents occurred every year, and loss of life and property are difficult to estimate. The tradi-tional model is unable to accurately report the real situation of real-time construction. Thus, it is necessary to have a more efficient, high-tech security integrated management approach to conduct a comprehensive, systematic and mod-ern management, which is BIM as the core security management model.


Intensity mapping of neutral hydrogen (HI) is a promising observational probe of cosmology and large-scale structure. We present wide field simulations of HI intensity maps based on N-body simulations of a 2.6 Gpc / h box with 20483 particles (particle mass 1.6 × 1011 M⊙ / h). Using a conditional mass function to populate the simulated dark matter density field with halos below the mass resolution of the simulation (108 M⊙ / h < Mhalo < 1013 M⊙ / h), we assign HI to those halos according to a phenomenological halo to HI mass relation. The simulations span a redshift range of 0.35 ≲ z ≲ 0.9 in redshift bins of width Δ z ≈ 0.05 and cover a quarter of the sky at an angular resolution of about 7′. We use the simulated intensity maps to study the impact of non-linear effects and redshift space distortions on the angular clustering of HI. Focusing on the autocorrelations of the maps, we apply and compare several estimators for the angular power spectrum and its covariance. We verify that these estimators agree with analytic predictions on large scales and study the validity of approximations based on Gaussian random fields, particularly in the context of the covariance. We discuss how our results and the simulated maps can be useful for planning and interpreting future HI intensity mapping surveys.


The Great Konya Basin is in the south of the Central Anatolian Plateau in Turkey. It is a depression without outlet to the sea. The central part of the Basin is the floor of a former Pleistocene lake, the Ancient Konya Lake. This area, called the Lacustrine Plain, has highly calcareous clayey sediments and is flat and level, except for ancient shorelines which form sandy ridges and beaches. Its soils have been studied in the summers of 1964-8 as part of the Konya Project, a research and training programme of the Department of Tropical Soil Science of the Agricultural University, Wageningen. This book is the last publication about the results in a series of five. The Quarternary history of the Lacustrine Plain, as regards sedimentation, was reconstructed with the help of existing climatic chronologies and with observations on geomorphology, soils, shells and pollen. Presumably Ancient Konya Lake, which had a constant level of about 1017 m, dried up in Postpluvial I (about 16.000 BC) and four smaller lakes or marshes existed in secondary depressions during Sub-pluvial I (about 9000 BC) which gradually disappeared. Their level varied between 1000 and 1006 m. The soils of the Lacustrine Plain were mostly formed in white uniform carbonatic clay, but differ markedly in composition and morphology because of past and present differences in hydrology, topography and vegetation. The soils have been studied and mapped on a regional basis and divided into Steppe Marl Soils, Marsh Marl Soils and Playa Marl Soils. The last group occurs north and east of Karapinar and is strongly salt- affected. Profile data of some 13 representative Marl Soil profiles are presented in the form of structural diagrams and tables for easy reference. Soil peels (preserved natural soil profiles) of the same representative soils are also used for a precise description of the pedological features and voids of the soil material, using Brewer's system of 'pedography'. Areas for more expensive thin sections could be selected more carefully. Interpretation is based on the descriptions in the field, in the soil peel and occasionally in thin section. Organisms, presumably mainly earthworms, seemed the main cause of the present structure of the solum. The effects of recent cultivation and irrigation are also demonstrated. Redistribution of carbonates humus and iron is observed and explained. The textural and mineralogical composition of Marl Soils was studied superficially. The soil texture without removal of carbonates is mostly clay to silty-clay and is slightly finer- textured after carbonates have been removed. The carbonates (mainly calcium carbonate as calcite) occupy about an equal proportion of the clay, silt and sand fractions. Clay minerals of the smectite group are commonest and palygorskite is present. The carbonatic clayey parent material of the Marl Soil is a sediment of about 60% mainly chemically precipitated calcite, debris from limestone and shells and the rest is a residue of non-calcareous clay minerals of residual and alluvial origin and sand sized mineral grains of alluvial or aeolian origin. The productivity of Steppe Marl Soils is estimated, using results from the soil peels and data on moisture and soil fertility. The suitability for agriculture is estimated by an existing procedure, which was refined and adapted to the area. The procedure compares estimated deficiencies in soil structure, soil moisture and chemical soil fertility in comparison with ideal conditions. The feasibility for improvement is then assessed for three management systems: dry farming without fertilizers, dry far ing with fertilizers and irrigated farming with fertilizers. The soil suitability in 4 classes (good, fair, restricted and unsuitable) is assessed on the basis of the above analysis. The suitability of Steppe Marl Soils for agriculture is judged as 'unsuitable' or 'restricted' under the dry-farming systems, mainly because of lack of moisture and 'restricted' under irrigation (mainly because of poor irrigability and poor response to fertilizers). It may become 'fair' under highly sophisticated irrigational management as is demonstrated on comparable soils in Israel and Florida.


The best-selling lottery game in the United States is lotto, a parimutuel game of long odds and large jackpots. Unlike in the other popular lottery games (numbers and instant). there is a strong tendency for per-capita lotto sales to increase with the size of the population base. The fact that the jackpot also tends to increase with population size is not a complete explanation, since the probability of winning tends to be inversely proportional to state population. our explanation for why the games are more successful in large states is that players tend to judge the likelihood of winning based on the frequency with which someone wins; then a larger state can offer a game at longer odds but the same perceived probability of winning as a smaller state.


In this paper a new simulation environment to develop robotic groups' control is introduced. The simulation scenarios comprise robots and obstacles as the physical elements to be simulated. While in other environments for robotic groups, the interaction between these objects are defined and managed in the simulation environment core, in the new environment the interaction mechanism between elements is included in the elements themselves, not in the simulation core, so new interactions can be easily modeled and included when needed. Also, using the simulation environment we develop a control method for group robotics introducing a particular approach to the potential field methods: the robots are able to distinguish between several types of fields.


The Partnership in Primary Science (PIPS) project promoted a view of continuing professional development (CPD) that encouraged agency and promoted the accommodation of appropriate knowledge bases. The project involved four Scottish education authorities, 10 schools (involving 16 teachers), one teacher education institution and numerous scientists. Through the development of communal practice the project encouraged primary school teachers to acquire skills in using information and communication technology (ICT) at the same time as refreshing their understandings of science concepts, and teaching and learning strategies over a period of 10 months. The evidence that has been collected to date suggests that the PIPS model of CPD has encouraged personal appropriation of the ICT tools for science teaching and influenced pedagogical content knowledge. Teachers have engaged in complex, intellectual and practical activity, and this activity has influenced their classroom practice. What has also emerged is that the agency and process is as significant as the content of professional development programmes.


ism, and the therapeutic use of implants of crystalline tablets of insoluble hormones. Hanson's remarkable results in stimulating precocious growth and development in rats with thymus extracts have now been shown to be due to glutathione'. The close chemical relation of the active principle of the adrenal cortex to progesterone has been established. The whole book has been thoroughly revised, and it remains one of the most useful of all the textbooks of endocrinology.


A patient with artificial penile nodules and ulcerative plaques on the penis is described. Clinical course, histology and serological examination revealed a diagnosis of secondary syphilis. The differential diagnosis of the ulcerative genital lesions in the presence of artificial penile nodules is discussed.


The authors describe a novel mixer fabricated using a unique low-cost approach to achieve effective conversion performance. By utilizing flip-chip GaAs Schottky diodes mounted on a duroid substrate, this radio frequency (RF) probable mixer achieves 11.3-dB conversion loss at 77 GHz with an IF frequency of 500 MHz. This new technology demonstrates an affordable alternative to standard millimeter-wave circuit fabrication while offering the capability to integrate a variety of device technologies in the same circuit.


Abstract: A number of technologies have been developed to support the museum visitor, with the aim of making their visit more educationally rewarding and/or entertaining. Examples include PDA-based personalized tour guides and virtual reality representations of cultural objects or scenes. Rather than supporting the actual visit, we decided to employ technology to support the post-visitor, that is, encourage follow-up activities among recent visitors to a museum. This allowed us to use the technology in a way that would not detract from the existing curated experience and allow the museum to provide access to additional heritage resources that cannot be presented during the physical visit. Within our application, called "Bletchley Park Text", visitors express their interests by sending text (SMS) messages containing suggested keywords using their own mobile phone. The semantic description of the archive of resources is then used to retrieve and organize a collection of content into a personalized web site for use when they get home. In designing the interface we aimed to support exploration across the content archive rather than just the search and retrieval of specific resources. The service was developed for the Bletchley Park museum and has since been launched for use by all visitors.
Editors: Ann Jones, Agnes Kukulska-Hulme and Daisy Mwanza.

Reviewers: Kevin Walker (Institute of Education), Peter Lonsdale (Birmingham), Jenny Waycott (Australia).
 Interactive demonstrations: Figures 8, 9 and 10 in section 3.3 are available as interactive demos of Bletchley Park Text.


Fiscal decentralization, which is one of the most essential objectives of government reforms in recent decades, implies transferring of the fiscal authority from central government to lower-level government. The rationale of fiscal decentralization is to improve the allocation efficiency of public resources through matching public resources accurately to public needs. On the other hand, it ensures a closer relationship between individuals and governments, and thus governments are more responsive to the individual's needs. Therefore, fiscal decentralization can provide a more transparent and accountable decision-making process in the public sector. In all, it is expected that fiscal decentralization enhances fiscal performance and governance according to theory. In this sense, this study investigates the relationship between fiscal and governance-related performance empirically for 26 OECD countries over 1996-2017 by using dynamic panel data system GMM estimation. Findings confirm the view that fiscal decentralization has a positive effect on fiscal and governance-related performance.


We give a rigorous analysis of the convergence properties of a backpropagation algorithm for recurrent networks containing either output or hidden layer recurrence. The conditions permit data generated by stochastic processes with considerable dependence. Restrictions are offered that may help assure convergence of the network parameters to a local optimum, as some simulations illustrate.


Debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase (CYP2D6) is a cytochrome P450 enzyme involved in the metabolism of most neuroleptics, which are the drugs of choice for the treatment of psychotic symptoms. CYP2D6 in the brain was suggested to be functionally similar to the dopamine transporter, thus possibly influencing a neurotransmitter system involved in schizophrenia. Swedish schizophrenic patients (n = 124) and control individuals (n = 85) were investigated for two CYP2D6 polymorphisms, responsible for approximately 90% of mutations leading to poor debrisoquine metabolism. No significant CYP2D6 allele or genotype difference was found between schizophrenic patients and control individuals. Taken together with previous results, no major effect appears to be caused by the CYP2D6 gene on schizophrenia.


Mitochondrial dynamics is associated with mitochondrial function, which is associated with diabetes. Although an important indicator of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, to the best of our knowledge, CLPP and its effects on mitochondrial dynamics in islet cells have not been studied to date. We analyzed the effects of CLPP on mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial function in the mice islet β-cell line Min6 under high glucose and high fat conditions. Min6 cells were assigned to: Normal, HG, HG+NC, HG+siCLPP, HF, HF+NC and HF+ siCLPP groups. High glucose and high fat can promote the mRNA and protein expression of CLPP in mitochondria. The increase of mitochondrial fission, the decrese of mitochondrial fusion, and the damage of mintocondrial ultrastructure were significant in the siCLPP cell groups as compared to no-siCLPP treated groups. Meanwhile, mitochondrial functions of MIN6 cells treated with siCLPP were impaired, such as ATP decreased, ROS increased, mitochondrial membrane potential decreased. In addition, cell insulin secretion decreased and cell apoptosis rate increased in siCLPP groups. These results revealed that mitochondrial unfolded protein response geneCLPP alleviated high glucose and high fat-induced mitochondrial dynamics imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction.


Adenosquamous carcinoma of the breast is a rare subtype of metaplastic carcinoma, which accounts for <1% of invasive breast malignancy. Metaplastic carcinoma is usually high grade and aggressive with typically reported benign imaging features when compared to invasive ductal carcinoma. However, the adenosquamous variant is a subtype with a more favorable prognosis. Within the literature, there is limited imaging description with case studies focusing on metaplastic carcinoma. Herein, we report seven cases of the adenosquamous subtype describing the imaging findings with correlation to clinical history and pathology. The majority of patients (n = 6) presented with palpable breast masses. One patient was identified through screening mammography. Mammographically (n = 6), tumors appeared as irregular masses. Sonographically (n = 7), tumors appeared as irregular masses ranging from solid to mixed solid/cystic masses. On MRI (n = 1), one tumor appeared as an irregular rim enhancing mass. FDG PET/CT (n = 2) and whole-body bone scan (n = 1) were also available for review. The majority of tumors were low-grade (n = 6) with only one high-grade tumor. This case series of seven patients demonstrated predominantly suspicious imaging features despite the majority being low-grade tumors.


and Background Research in this study focuses on two related aspects of unit nonresponse (nonresponse by sampled members of study populations) in the rounds of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) (Chantala and Tabor, 1999): (i) round-specific nonresponse bias and its component contributions, and (ii) the statistical utility of alternative approaches to adjusting sample weights for nonresponse. This work is part of four research studies funded by CDC-NCHS, at the UNC Center for Health Statistics Research. Nonrespondents in surveys can be classified according to the reason for nonresponse (Lessler and Kalsbeek, 1992): 1) Not Solicited (NS): Sample members are not solicited as perhaps their address is unknown, or they are out of the country; 2) Solicited but Unable (SUA): Sample members are contacted but decline to participate based on inability. Reasons include physical or language limitations; 3) Solicited but Unwilling (SUW): Sample members are contacted but refuse to participate for reasons such as lack of time or, apathy; and 4) Other Nonrespondents (OTH): Sample nonrespondents give a reason that does not fit in any of the previous categories. Examples are lost schedules and partial respondents Response outcome information and data to obtain 13 different measures of health risk from Add Health are used to accomplish two main tasks in this study. First, we estimate the round-specific nonresponse bias and its component contributions corresponding to the four nonresponse categories described. The sign (negative or positive) of these components and the offsetting effects of some components on the overall bias is of particular interest. Second, we compare the statistical effects of alternate sample adjustments for nonresponse on the bias and variance of study estimates. It is important to note here that we are examining the effects of nonresponse in IH1 and IH2 separately, and not the cumulative effects of nonresponse through these rounds.


Breast cancer during pregnancy is rare accounting for 1 in around 3000 pregnant women as per the American cancer society. According to hospital-based cancer registry of Nepal, breast cancer accounts for 9.2% of total cancer cases and pregnancy associated breast cancer accounts for 0.15% of the total breast cancer. Though rare, breast cancer is the most common type of cancer found during pregnancy and that too in advanced stage because of the hormonal interplay during pregnancy. Here we present a case of breast cancer during pregnancy which was treated successfully with chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy and is on hormonal treatment. Patient is on regular follow up for the last six years without evidence of recurrence of the disease, and the baby has achieved normal developmental milestones though exposed to chemotherapy in utero.


Background Since the 2010 revision of the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) Classification Criteria and the availability of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (ACCP) testing, patients newly diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are commonly tested for both rheumatoid factor (RF) and ACCP. Patients with ACCP or RF positivity are reported to have worse clinical and radiographic outcomes; however, the presence of ACCP may confound the effects of RF and vice versa. Objectives To determine if there were any differences at study baseline in RA patients who were ACCP-positive, RF-positive, doubly positive and doubly negative in terms of demographics, clinical, functional, laboratory features and radiographic erosions in a multi-ethnic cohort of RA patients in a tertiary rheumatology centre in Singapore. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at Tan Tock Seng Hospital in Singapore. 1206 patients fulfilled the ACR 1987 criteria for RA, of whom 475 were excluded due to a lack of both ACCP and RF status. Serum levels of ACCP and RF were analysed for differences in demographics (gender, ethnicity, age, smoking status, disease duration before study entry), clinical activity (Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS-28)), functional status (Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score), quality of life (Short-Form 36 (SF-36) physical and mental components), haemoglobin levels (Hb), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), hand radiographic erosions, and the use of prednisolone and disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) at study entry. Results 731 patients were studied of whom 491 were ACCP+RF+, 54 were ACCP+, 82 were RF+ and 104 were doubly negative. Mean disease duration of RA prior to study entry was similar among the groups at 97.8–105.1 months (p=0.971) and mean disease duration before first DMARD was 38.8–42.7 months (p=0.966). 24.4% of the ACCP+RF+ patients were in remission (DAS-28 <2.6) compared to 36.6–39.4% in the other groups (p<0.05). ESR was higher (40.4mm/hour) in the ACCP+RF+ group compared to 30.6–30.9 mm/hour in the others (p<0.05). The use of prednisolone and number of DMARDs was higher in the ACCP+RF+ group (1.40±0.71) compared to the doubly negative group (1.13±0.59) (p<0.05). There were no differences in demographics, radiographic erosions, functional status and quality of life scores. Conclusions Patients who had dual positivity for ACCP and RF had lower remission rates and required more corticosteroid and DMARD treatment at baseline. However, this did not seem to have an impact on their functional status, quality of life and radiographic erosions. Future prospective studies would be useful to determine if the prognosis of patients with RA are affected by ACCP and RF positivity. References Hecht C, Englbrecht M, Rech J, et al. Additive effect of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies and rheumatoid factor on bone erosions in patients with RA; Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 74:2151–2156 Kroot EJ, de Jong BA, van Leeuwen MA, et al. The prognostic value of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody in patients with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2005;7:R949–958 Disclosure of Interest None declared


The Kyrghyz Republic, located in the southeastern region of the former Soviet Union, holds a long history of atomic weapons development activities. Historical surveys, conducted primarily for geological exploration, have indicated that areas of shoreline on Lake Issyk-Kyol in the Kyrghyz Republic have relative radiation levels in excess of background by as much as a factor of ten. Nuclear testing in China and uranium mining operations in the mountains surrounding the lake may have resulted in the contamination of a number of areas on the lake's southern shore. The valley region maintains a population of more than one-half-million persons and is heavily dependent on the lake to draw tourists to the area and its utilization by some as a food and recreation source. In this note, we show the results of a screening assessment of relative radiation levels along the shoreline of Lake Issyk-Kyol to pin-point areas of relatively high exposure rates.


Bacteriological and pathological examinations of all 73 stillborn infants and 96 infants dying soon after delivery in Västerås, Sweden during the period 1971-1974 are reported. 35 infants had a severe infection. Beta-hemolytic streptococci group B were isolated in 7 cases from different organs. Intrauterine death occurred in 2 cases; 4 liveborn infants showed early signs of respiratory distress, apneic episodes and cyanosis; 1 infant showed signs of intrauterine asphyxia and was severely asphyctic at birth. Thus, infection with group B streptococci occurred in 20% of the infants who succumbed to infections during this period.


This presentation discusses the opportunity of improvement of technical means of hybrid temporal logic through the introduction of time intervals. In the procedure of constructing intervals the author of the presentation follows ideas and development expressed and carried out by A.A. Markov in his article published in 1932. So the 'Priorean paradigm' of understanding of the logic (temporal qualification of judgments and the idea of hybrid logic) is complemented by a building of time metric based on the relation 'earlier than'. It seems that the described improvement of the machinery of temporal logic allows, in particular, to perfect the approaches to the modelling of planning and strategic management.


The genome of a Mu-like bacteriophage D3112 specific for Pseudomonas aeruginosa was integrated in vivo into the RP4 plasmid. The fact of integration has been proved by two experiments: 1. The loss of RP4 plasmid is accompanied by loss of D3112 prophage; 2. Transfer of the plasmid by conjugation from Pseudomonas aeruginosa into bacteria of other species - P. putida PgG1 or Escherichia coli C600 leads to the occurrence of clones of these species which liberate phage capable of growing on the lawn of P. aeruginosa bacteria. The integrated state of D3112 inserted into RP4 is stable in P. aeruginosa, E. coli, P. putida. The transfer frequency of RP4 with integrated D3112 prophage into different bacteria which do not contain homoimmune prophage is essentially lower than that of the RP4 having no D3112 prophage. Specific manifestation of D3112 genome activity in E. coli cells is the sensitivity of cell growth to lower temperature (30 degrees C) of incubation.


The aim of this paper is to address current conditions of ESP (English for Special Purposes) in 4-year colleges of Korea and to make use of the data to establish ESP courses at Chung-Ang University in 2016. This paper does not deal with the present states of general English education that are carried out in the College of General Education at Chung-Ang University, which will be a separate topic for future study. The term ESP encompasses EAP and EOP. Based on the choice between EAP and EOP, the goals of ESP course will have different composites. To cope with demands from students in the high level, the goal of general English education enables students to be equipped with high-level English skills combined with professional expertise as global citizens. ESP in general English education functions as a bridge to cross over to a in-depth major-related and professional area. To be successful, ESP education requires: first, the main body to manage ESP courses; second, the lecturer to educated students; third, the textbook to teach with; fourth, evaluation tools.


We develop a theory of macroscopic resonant tunneling of flux in a double-well potential in the presence of realistic flux noise with a significant low-frequency component. The rate of incoherent flux tunneling between the wells exhibits resonant peaks, the shape and position of which reflect qualitative features of the noise, and can thus serve as a diagnostic tool for studying the low-frequency flux noise in SQUID qubits. We show, in particular, that the noise-induced renormalization of the first resonant peak provides direct information on the temperature of the noise source and the strength of its quantum component.


The concept of integration of distributed energy resources in configuration of microgrid is proving to be an excellent option contributing to the power grid evolution and for enabling a steady electricity service even to remote areas local loads with minimized pollution. In view of the fact that most renewable sources are intermittent in nature, their integration into the power grid infrastructure is a challenging task. Data Acquisition from renewable energy generators and their continuous monitoring play an extremely important role in overall supervision and the desired coordinated operation control of such diverse energy resources. This paper is a part publication from the Technical Project Report regarding the Research & Development project "Design & Development of Smart MicroGrid" conceded in Energy Centre, MA National Institute of Technology, Bhopal. The main purpose of this paper is to present a computer based remote monitoring system for renewable energy system which is one amongst the primary footsteps taken for accomplishment of the microgrid Research & Development project.


With the global warming, many countries pay more attention to environmental pollution. The NOx emissions has become an important index when gas turbine designed. This paper provides a method for predicting NOx emissions of marine gas turbine under variable operating conditions. Firstly build the 3-D model of combustor. The characteristic regions of combustor were divided according to the reaction principle. Then build the chemical reactor network (CRN) models of different characteristic regions. According to the NOx emissions of several specific operating points simulated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD), fit the relation between residence time and operating conditions by Newton interpolation in the CRN models. Then the prediction model of NOx emissions of gas turbine was established by using neural network. The NOx emissions under 0.7∼1.0 working conditions and 0.019∼0.023 fuel-air ratios can be predicted efficiently.


This article presents a framework for a transformational community engagement strategy which has been implemented by Dharma Bhakti Astra Foundation (YDBA). It discusses the process under which a large company institutionalizes its corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy, policy, and actions in developing small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Since 1980 the company has strengthened the capacity of 10,374 SMEs, which had created 65,855 jobs by 2017. The paper shows the linkages between the concepts of CSR, transformational community engagement, social capital, and sustainability performance of a company. This study applies a qualitative case study to investigate why and how one of the largest public listed companies in Indonesia decided to play a role in developing SMEs as its CSR program; how transformational community engagement strategy is used in implementing the CSR program; and how the SME programs contribute to the company's triple bottom line through social capital development. The study finds that a large company can complement the government's roles in SME development, by sharing its knowledge and expertise, providing finance and market access, and also building social capital for SMEs. By doing so, the company enables SMEs to participate in economic activities and work collaboratively with the company in achieving sustainability performance for both the SME and the company. The conceptual framework developed from this study contributes to theory by clarifying the linkages between the concepts of CSR program, community engagement, and social capital. In practice, the framework can help business practitioners to design their CSR programs through community engagement. In reality, the ASEAN Business Advisory Council meeting in 2017 had considered YDBA's SME development program as a role model for other large companies operating in the region.