Schizothorax o'connori (S. o'connori) is a representative tetraploid species in the subfamily Schizothoracinae and an important endemic fish in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. However, the domestication of S. o'connori remains challenging due to the lack of basic research. Here, we investigated the effects of artificial feeding on the oocytes and liver of S. o'connori by comparing the histological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic data. Histological results showed that the oocytes and liver of captive-reared S. o'connori had abnormal cell morphology. After comparison with the self-built database, a total of 233 metabolites were annotated. In oocytes, a total of 37 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were detected and two pathways were significantly enriched. There were obvious differences in the metabolites related to ovarian development, including pregnenolone and arachidonic acid. In liver, a total of 70 DAMs were detected and five pathways were significantly enriched. Based on the transcriptomic data, a total of 159 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly related with cell growth and death pathway in oocytes, while a total of 2841 DEGs were significantly related with 102 pathways in liver. Comparing the metabolomic and transcriptomic data showed that there were three common significant enrichment pathways in liver, including biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, starch and sucrose metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis. These results showed that special attention should be given to the composition and intake of fatty acids during the artificial breeding of S. o'connori. In addition, many of metabolite-gene pairs were related to adenosine 5′-diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate, and pregnenolone. In summary, these data provide an overview of global metabolic and transcriptomic resources and broaden our understanding of captive-reared S. o'connori.


This study examined the pronunciation of English words produced by 16 native Japanese (NJ) adults and 16 NJ children living in the United States and groups of age-matched native English (NE) controls (16 each). Recordings were made twice, one year apart (Time 1, Time 2). The NJ participants had lived in the United States for 0.5 years at Time 1. Words produced by the four groups were rated for overall degree of foreign accent using a scale ranging from 1 ("strongest foreign accent") to 9 ("least foreign accent"). The NJ children's pronunciation of English, but not that of the NJ adults, was found to have improved significantly over the 1-year study interval. However, the results suggested that the rate at which children's pronunciation of a second language improves is not as rapid as is commonly believed.


Oxygen radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of permeability pulmonary edema. To determine directly if O2 radicals can cause increased alveolar-capillary membrane (ACM) permeability and low-pressure permeability edema, we chemically produced O2 radicals in the sale perfusates of isolated rabbit lungs. The O2 radicals generated by xanthine oxidase caused protein-rich edema and increases in lung perfusion pressures that were inhibitable by catalase (hydrogen peroxide scavenger) or dimethylthiourea (hydroxyl radical scavenger) but not by superoxide dismutase. To determine the effect of O2 radicals on ACM permeability without interference from increased perfusion pressures, we used papaverine to maintain baseline perfusion pressures during O2 radical exposure and then assessed ACM integrity by evaluating the response of isolated lungs to elevated outflow pressures (10 mmHg for 10 min). Under these conditions, increased ACM permeability manifested by weight gains and lavage albumin accumulations occurred in lungs treated with xanthine oxidase but not in control lungs. We conclude that O2 radicals can cause increased ACM permeability and vasoconstriction in isolated lungs.


Abstract We present the comparative study of the analytical forward model and the statistical simulation of the Compton single scatter in the positron emission tomography. The formula of the forward model has been obtained using the single scatter simulation approximation under simplified assumptions, and therefore we calculate scatter projections using independent Monte Carlo simulation mimicking the scatter physics. The numerical comparative study has been performed using a digital cylindrical phantom filled in with water and containing spherical sources of emission activity located at the central and several displaced positions. Good fits of the formula-based and statistically generated profiles of scatter projections are observed in the presented numerical results.


With the growing importance of aquaculture worldwide, characterisation of the microbial flora of high-value aquaculture species and identification of gut flora shifts induced by changes in fish physiology or nutrition is of special interest. Here we report the first metabarcoding survey of the intestinal bacteria of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), an economically important aquacultured species. The microbiota of 30 farmed Chinook salmon from a single cohort was surveyed using metabarcode profiling of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Seawater, feed and intestinal samples, and controls were sequenced in quadruplicate to assess both biological and technical variation in the microbial profiles. Over 1,000 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified within the cohort, providing a first glimpse into the gut microbiota of farmed Chinook salmon. The taxonomic distribution of the salmon microbiota was reasonably stable, with around two thirds of individuals dominated by members of the family Vibrionaceae. This survey was performed amid a summer heat wave, during which the fish exhibited reduced feeding. Although the sampled fish appeared healthy, they had minimal intestinal content, and the observed intestinal flora may represent the microbiota of fasting and stressed fish. Limited comparison between Mycoplasma and Vibrio sequences from the Chinook salmon gut and published microbial sequences from the intestines of a variety of fish species (including Atlantic salmon) indicated that despite the starvation and temperature variations, the replacement of Vibrio with Mycoplasma is occurring within expected ecological parameters and does not necessarily reflect colonisation by atypical microbes. DATA SUMMARY Raw sequences from Chinook salmon intestinal microbiome 16S survey generated on the Illumina platform are publically available through NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database: Bioproject PRJNA421844 SRA study SRP134829 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA421844 IMPACT STATEMENT Although 16S metabarcoding surveys are becoming routine, little is still known about the microbiota of fish. This is the first survey of the intestinal microbiota of Chinook salmon, a species native to the Pacific Northwest which is farmed in New Zealand and Chile. While most intestinal microbiota studies are performed on faecal material, we directly sampled the intestine epithelium and content. During the time of sampling, the farmed fish population was experiencing stress from a summer heat wave and had little intestinal content. Over 1,000 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified within the intestines of the cohort, providing a first glimpse into the gut microbiota of farmed Chinook salmon. We believe this survey will be of interest not only to those interested in fish biology and aquaculture, but also as an addition to the ongoing debate in the literature on sampling and DNA extraction methods for challenging samples.


PURPOSE
To investigate the relationship between learning styles (surface, strategic, and deep learning) and admission data for an incoming class of medical students.

METHOD
In 1997, the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory (ASSIST) was administered to the University of Alberta Medical School's incoming class as part of their orientation. Ninety percent of the class completed the questionnaire, the results of which were correlated with prerequisite grade-point average (GPA), MCAT scores, number of years of premedical experience, and scores on autobiography, interview, and letters of reference.

RESULTS
Higher surface-learning scores correlated significantly with younger age at admission to medical school, as well as with higher GPA. There was a positive correlation between GPA and surface learning in the group of students with more than four years of premedical experience.

CONCLUSIONS
The need to compete for grades in prerequisite courses may be a factor contributing to surface learning in new medical students.


In the early twentieth century a group of Spanish anarchists settled in the town of Dowlais, South Wales, as part of a wider migration to the area prompted by the town's ironworks. Over the following fifteen years this community kept in constant contact with their comrades in Spain through the networks sustained by the anarchist press. Examination of these records reveals the dislocation experienced by these migrants, and their efforts to retain their identity and standing within the movement they had left behind. This study highlights the benefits of a translocal approach towards anarchist internationalism, which focuses on the experience of ordinary members of the movement and their struggles to overcome the challenges presented by international movement.


This paper investigates the impact of the dissemination of modern irrigation systems, i.e. private wells with pumps, on the livelihood not only among the farmers who have access to wells but also among the farmers who have no access to wells and thus rely solely on traditional irrigation systems called tank irrigation systems. The analysis is based on a village and household data set collected in Tamil Nadu, India where tank irrigation systems have been managed collectively for rice cultivation. Our statistical analyses predict that once declines in collective management occur due to the dissemination of private wells, the rice yield and income of the no-well-access farmers alone will decrease, resulting in increased poverty among them. Our analyses also find that the dissemination leads to the overexploitation of groundwater, and thus results in no significant increase in rice profit among the well-access farmers. In this way, the dissemination of private wells creates double tragedies: not only increased poverty among the no-well-access farmers but also overexploitation and profit reduction among the well-access farmers.


PURPOSE
Oral history as a method of understanding the lived experience spans multiple disciplines including education, women and gender studies, history, and disability studies. Oral histories can be a vehicle for people on the periphery to tell their stories, a method well suited to pursuits related to social justice and social work. The purpose of this manuscript is to report on a scoping review that was conducted to better understand how oral history methods have been used in social work.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
To answer our review question, we use an established scoping review framework. Based on eligibility criteria, 23 manuscripts were identified - all published in peer-reviewed English language journals between 2005 and 2023 and written by social work-credentialed authors.

RESULTS
The authors identified three themes that reflect the uses of oral history studies in social work: oral history used as a teaching tool in social work education, oral history used to document the experiences and knowledge of social service trailblazers, and commentaries about using oral history and other biographical methods in social work.

DISCUSSION
This review highlights how oral history, as a method, has contributed to social work research and scholarship.

CONCLUSION
Recommendations are made as to the usefulness of oral history to address social problems and practice issues important to the field of social work.


ABSTRACT Much of a skeleton of Dibothrosuchus elaphros from the Lower Lufeng Group (Lower Jurassic) of Yunnan, China permits a detailed review of the anatomy and relationships of sphenosuchian crocodylomorphs. The skull is strongly built, akinetic, and monimostylic. The quadrate shows three dorsal processes that are firmly sutured to the skull roof and the braincase. The otic capsule is essentially crocodilian, and the tympanic pneumaticities are more elaborate than in extant forms. The animal possessed refined hearing ability and was probably vocal. The coracoid has an extremely elongated, posteriorly directed postglenoid process. The humerus bears an oval depression anteriorly near the head, and the radiale and ulnare are longer than the metacarpals. The limbs are long and slender, adapted for quadrupedal terrestrial gait. The estimated total length was 1.3 m. Phylogenetic analysis of 65 characters indicates the monophyly of the Sphenosuchia. Within the Sphenosuchia, Saltoposuchus (=Terrestrisuchus), Ps...


The human growth hormone variant (GH-V) gene is expressed during pregnancy in the syncytiotrophoblast and, as shown recently, in the normal human testis. In addition to the classical transcript encoding for the 22 K major form, intron D-retaining processed mRNAs (GH-V2) have also been described in both tissues. In the present study we analyzed testicular GH-V RNA alternative splicing patterns, a major source of GH variability. We observed three types of GH-V-derived mRNAs by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction amplification of GH/placental lactogen mRNA, subsequent cloning into appropriate vectors, vector amplification, restriction-endonuclease map-analysis and double-strand sequencing of GH-V clones. Apart from the conventional splice product encoding classical hGH-V (22K, 191 amino acids (aa)) and intron D-retaining mRNA GH-V2 (230aa), we detected an additional GH-V mRNA variant, GH-Vdelta4, utilizing a competitive splice-donor site 4 bp 5'of the conventional exon 4/intron D splice-donor site, but retaining the genuine intron D/exon 5 splice-acceptor site. This mRNA encodes a putative 25 K protein of 219 amino acids in length, having the first 124 amino acids and, thus, two and a half structural alpha-helices in common with hGH-V.hGH-Vdelta4 has lost the N-glycosylation site at Asn 140 of hGH-V, but acquires a novel site at position 148 as well as a cystein-rich domain in the 65 carboxyl-terminal amino acids, potentially involved in multiple disulfide-bridge formation. Tissue specificity and possible functions for testicular physiology remain to be investigated.


ContentsGenetic Search Theory. D.E. Goldberg, P. Segrest, Finite Markov Chain Analysis of Genetic Algorithms. C.L. Bridges, D.E. Goldberg, An Analysis of Reproduction and Crossover in a Binary-Coded Genetic Algorithm. J.E. Baker, Reducing Bias and Inefficiency in the Selection Algorithm. T.H. Westerdale, Adaptive Search Operators I.Altruism in the Bucket Brigade. I. StadnykSchema Recombination in Pattern Recognition Problems. J.D. Schaffer, A. Morishima, An Adaptive Crossover Distribution Mechanism for Genetic Algorithms. D.E. Goldberg, J. Richardson, Representation Issues.Genetic Algorithms With Sharing for Multimodal Function Optimization. C.G. Shaefer, The ARGOT Strategy: Adaptive Representation Genetic Optimizer Technique. D.E. Goldberg, R.E. Smith, Nonstationary Function Optimization Using Genetic Algorithms With Dominance and Diploidy. H.J. Antonisse, K.S. Keller, Genetic Operators for High-Level Knowledge Representations. A.S. Bickel, R.W. Bickel, Keynote Address.Tree Structured Rules in Genetic Algorithms. J.H. Holland, Adaptive Search Operators II.Genetic Algorithms and Classifier Systems: Foundations and Future Directions. G.E. Liepins, M.R. Hilliard, M. Palmer, M. Morrow, Greedy Genetics. J.Y. Suh, D. Van Gucht, Incorporating Heuristic Information Into Genetic Search. D. Whitley, Using Reproductive Evaluation to Improve Genetic Search and Heuristic Discovery. D.J. Sirag, P.T. Weisser, Connectionism and Parallelism I.Toward a Unified Thermodynamic Genetic Operator. C.P. Dolan, M.G. Dyer, Toward the Evolution of Symbols. D.G. Oosthuizen, SUPERGRAN: A Connectionist Approach to Learning, Integrating, Genetic Algorithms and Graph Induction. G.G. Robertson, Parallel Implementation of Genetic Algorithms in a Classifier System. J.P. Cohoon, S.U. Hegde, W.N. Martin, D. Richards, Parallelism II.Punctuated Equilibria: A Parallel Genetic Algorithm. C.B. Pettey, M.R. Leuze, J.J. Grefenstette, A Parallel Genetic Algorithm. A.V. Sannier, II, E.D. Goodman, Genetic Learning Procedures in Distributed Environments. P. Jog, D. Van Gucht, Parallelisation of Probablistic Sequential Search Algorithms. R. Tanese, Credit Assignment and Learning.Parallel Genetic Algorithms for a Hypercube. R.L. Riolo, Bucket Brigade Performance: I. Long Sequences of Classifiers. R.L. Riolo, Bucket Brigade Performance: II. Default Hierarchies. J.J. Grefenstette, Multilevel Credit Assignment in a Genetic Learning System. K.A. De Jong, Applications I.On Using Genetic Algorithms to Search Program Spaces. D.P. Greene, S.F. Smith, A Genetic System for Learning Models of Consumer Choice. I.M. Oliver, D.J. Smith, J.R.C. Holland, A Study of Permutation Crossover Operators on the Traveling Salesman Problem. M.R. Hilliard, G.E. Liepins, M. Palmer, M. Morrow, J. Richardson, A Classifier Based System for Discovering Scheduling Heuristics. C. Fujiko, J. Dickinson, Applications II.Using the Genetic Algorithm to Generate LISP Source Code to Solve the Prisoner's Dilemma. V.V. Raghavan, B. Agarwal, Optimal Determination of User- Oriented Clusters: An Application for the Reproductive Plan. S.W. Wilson, The Genetic Algorithm and Biological Development. L. Davis, S. Coombs, Genetic Algorithms and Communication Link Speed Design: Theoretical Considerations. S. Coombs, L. Davis, Genetic Algorithms and Communication Link Speed Design: Constraints and Operators.


The evolution of gravitational tests from an epistemological perspective framed in the concept of rational reconstruction of Imre Lakatos, based on his methodology of research programmes. Unlike other works on the same subject, the evaluated period is very extensive, starting with Newton's natural philosophy and up to the quantum gravity theories of today. In order to explain in a more rational way the complex evolution of the gravity concept of the last century, I propose a natural extension of the methodology of the research programmes of Lakatos that I then use during the paper. I believe that this approach offers a new perspective on how evolved over time the concept of gravity and the methods of testing each theory of gravity, through observations and experiments. I argue, based on the methodology of the research programmes and the studies of scientists and philosophers, that the current theories of quantum gravity are degenerative, due to the lack of experimental evidence over a long period of time and of self-immunization against the possibility of falsification. Moreover, a methodological current is being developed that assigns a secondary, unimportant role to verification through observations and/or experiments. For this reason, it will not be possible to have a complete theory of quantum gravity in its current form, which to include to the limit the general relativity, since physical theories have always been adjusted, during their evolution, based on observational or experimental tests, and verified by the predictions made. Also, contrary to a widespread opinion and current active programs regarding the unification of all the fundamental forces of physics in a single final theory, based on string theory, I argue that this unification is generally unlikely, and it is not possible anyway for a unification to be developed based on current theories of quantum gravity, including string theory. In addition, I support the views of some scientists and philosophers that currently too much resources are being consumed on the idea of developing quantum gravity theories, and in particular string theory, to include general relativity and to unify gravity with other forces, as long as science does not impose such research programs.


Objectives
We developed an empirical algorithm to account for the effect of the change in the A-weighted sound exposure level (SELA) as a result of the change in angle of incidence (AoI) of the impulse noise on the prediction of hearing loss. The product is the upgraded software tool, Auditory 4.5 that incorporates the incident angle correction algorithm.

Methods
The SELA calculated from free-field pressure data is used as the dose metric that was corrected for AoI. The angle-dependent eardrum pressure was measured by performing shock tube tests with the Acoustical Testing Fixture varied over a wide range of orientation angles. The yaw angle was varied from 0 to 360° and the pitch angle from -60° to +90° in 15° steps. The algorithm was constructed by calculating a correction factor, ΔSELA for any given AoI at the ear relative to the SELA at normal incidence. The ΔSELA values were applied to correct the dose values to predict injury for all AoI.

Results
A three-dimensional contour of ΔSELA as a function of the AoI was produced. The largest ΔSELA was 9.81 dB at pitch = -15° and yaw = 255°. ΔSELA values compared well against available benchmark data.

Conclusions
A new capability has been incorporated in Auditory 4.5 to predict the effects of AoI on impulse noise injury.


The ambitious climate objectives set by the European Commission within the scope of ACARE Flight Path 2050 call for significant improvements in terms of efficiency for future aircraft configurations [1]. One of the main drivers for these improvements is the development of novel propulsion systems. Therefore, stakeholders in the aviation sector are increasingly interested in electric propulsion concepts, due to higher efficiency and reduction of local emissions. While in small aircraft for general aviation applications (CS-23) full electric propulsion concepts seem realistic for medium-term applications, in the field of large aircraft (CS-25) these concepts are not feasible in a 2030-2050 timeframe. By contrast, hybrid electric propulsion concepts are scalable with regard to flight range and payload and are considered to achieve similar operational flexibility as present-day conventional technologies. Thus, a variety of hybrid electric propulsion technologies has been investigated within preliminary aircraft design research projects in recent years. Within the scope of the presented research, a design methodology has been implemented into the aircraft design suite MICADO (Multidisciplinary Integrated Conceptual Aircraft Design and Optimization Environment) to evaluate electric propulsion concepts on a preliminary level in a short time and with the necessary flexibility to investigate a broad design space. As a first approach, the concept of an uncoupled parallel hybrid electric propulsion system, consisting of two gas turbine engines and two electrically driven ducted fans powered by batteries, has been chosen and integrated into an Airbus A320-200 aircraft. Preliminary results have shown a block fuel reduction only for design ranges below 900 NM depending on the conducting material. In consideration of realistic assumptions for specific battery weights, a mission energy (or even cost) reduction cannot be achieved yet, which is in line with research findings from other organizations. Therefore, further studies considering improvements such as a more feasible aircraft configuration, different propulsion system architectures and variable degrees of hybridization throughout the flight mission are planned for future research work.


Abstract On the premise that the overall structure and composition of the parts remain unchanged, the over-molding of self-reinforced polymer composites parts (OM-SRCs parts) prepared in this paper change the aggregation structure of the parts by combining multi-component sequential molding technology with micro-injection molding technology. Thus, it improves the comprehensive performance of the parts, and achieves the purpose of self-reinforcing. The morphological feature of self-reinforced parts during over-molding are obviously different from those formed by conventional injection molding, which also leads to differences in physical properties. In this study, two types of polypropylene parts of the same size (60 × 12 × 2 mm3) were prepared, and their micro-morphologies comparison were investigated by means of polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). From the results, it was found that the tensile properties of OM-SRCs parts were improved by up to 9.46% compared with the conventional parts. Through PLM observation, it is found that the section shape of OM-SRCs parts perpendicular to the flow direction shows a double "skin-core" structure, resulting in the increase of the area ratio of skin layer to 24% (16% in conventional parts). SEM was carried out on the skin layer near the fusion position of the interface, and a highly oriented "shish-kebab" structure was observed. Through DSC and 1D-WAXD pattern analysis, it was found that the overall crystallinity of OM-SRCs parts decreased by 8.53% and 5.32% compared with the conventional parts, respectively. The 2D-WAXD pattern analysis showed that the molecular orientation degree of the skin layer of OM-SRCs parts increased by 15.65%. By means of the response surface method, the molecular orientation obtained was the decisive factor affecting the performance of OM-SRCs parts. By means of the least squares' minimization procedure, a dimensionless equation between the micro-morphologies and mechanical properties was established, which makes the "adjustability" of the sample performance be preliminarily realized.


An adequate amount of attached gingiva is required to protect the periodontium and promote periodontal health and also increase resistance and stabilization of gingival margin against frictional forces and external injury. Inadequate width of attached gingiva mucogingival surgeries like free tissue grafts, connective gingival grafts are used with other surgical procedure to increase the zones of attached gingiva and disadvantage of these technique are requirement of donor tissue. So the alternate technique was proposed by Carnio, which is simple, involving the use of a single horizontal incision in the recipient site without any donor tissue requirement.


Google and other search engines feature the entity search by representing a knowledge card summarizing related facts about the user-supplied entity. However, the knowledge card is limited to certain entities that have a Wiki page or an entry in encyclopedias such as Freebase. The current encyclopedias are limited to highly popular entities, which are far fewer compared with the emerging entities. Despite the availability of knowledge about the emerging entities on the search results, yet there are no approaches to capture, abstract, summerize, fuse, and validate fragmented pieces of knowledge about them. Thus, in this paper, we develop approaches to capture two types of knowledge about the emerging entities from a corpus extended from top-n search snippets of a given emerging entity. The first kind of knowledge identifies the role(s) of the emerging entity as, e.g., who is s/he? The second kind captures the entities closely associated with the emerging entity. As the testbed, we considered a collection of 20 emerging entities and 20 popular entities as the ground truth. Our approach is an unsupervised approach based on text analysis and entity embeddings. Our experimental studies show promising results as the accuracy of more than $87\%$ for recognizing entities and $75\%$ for ranking them. Besides $87\%$ of the entailed types were recognizable. Our testbed and source code is available on Github https://github.com/sunnyUD/research_source_code.


In this paper we present some computational techniques based on the class of preconditioned Krylov subspace methods that enable us to carry out large-scale, big data simulations of Computational Electromagnetics applications modeled using integral equations. This analysis requires the solution of large linear systems that cannot be afforded by conventional direct methods (based on variants of the Gaussian elimination algorithm) due to their high memory costs. We show that, thanks to the development of efficient Krylov methods and suitable preconditioning techniques, nowadays the solution of realistic electromagnetic problems that involve tens of million (and sometimes even more) unknowns, has become feasible. However, the choice of the best class of methods for the selected computer hardware and the given geometry remains an open problem that requires further analysis.


Hysteresis is treated as a history dependent branching, and the use of the classical Preisach model for the analysis of macroeconomic hysteresis is first discussed. Then, a new Preisachtype model is introduced as a macroeconomic aggregation of more realistic microeconomic hysteresis than in the case of the classical Preisach model. It is demonstrated that this model is endowed with a more general mechanism of branching and may account for the continuous evolution of the economy and its effect on hysteresis. Furthermore, it is shown that the sluggishness of economic recovery is an intrinsic manifestation of hysteresis branching.


In this paper, we propose a utility-based resource allocation scheme for layer-encoded IPTV multicast streaming service over IEEE 802.16 WiMAX networks. Unlike existing utility-based schemes, this mechanism is designed for wireless networks which support adaptive modulation and coding. Each video stream (or program) is encoded into different layers. Then, our mechanism adjusts the number of each user's received layers dynamically according to its channel condition and the available network bandwidth, so as to maximize total utility. We prove that this problem is NP-hard, and show that our scheme is bounded in performance to the optimal solution and can run in polynomial time. The simulation results show that this scheme can allocate resource flexibly according to the utility function of each program, the popularity of each program (i.e., the number of users receiving each program), and the amount of total available resource in the network. The result also shows that the fairness of the system can be guaranteed.


All of us are familiar with the relatively common pseudostrabismus caused by an exaggeration of the angle gamma or, as some prefer, angle kappa. In such cases, the alternate cover test quickly rules out the presence of an actual heterotropia, and the normal position of the blind spots in the visual fields rules out the presence of an anatomical anomaly. However, a condition does occur in which there is an actual physical derangement of the relationship of the blind spot, or optic papilla, to the macula. Idiopathic heterotopia of the macula is a very rare and interesting condition. It is typically manifested by eccentric fixation in an eye with good visual acuity and produces a confusing pseudostrabismus. The first report of this bizarre anomaly was that of Bernhard 1 in 1898. He recorded a case wherein the left eye appeared to be looking downward, when it was actually looking straight


Increased global production and poor waste management have led to a build-up of plastic litter in the world's oceans. This has a devastating effects on ecosystems and marine life. The flow of plastics into the oceans occurs through a variety of pathways, but rivers are one of the largest contributors. The LIFE SouPLess project aims to develop technology to catch plastics from rivers before they spread to the seas and oceans. It is a 4.5 years project (July 2018 – December 2022). Three main links of the chain of riverine plastic recovery will be tackled: from locating plastic hotspots with a dedicated numerical model to effectively collecting the plastics with systems and finding cost-effective solutions for post-processing the collected litter.


Supply chain network design is one of the most important strategic decisions that need to be optimized for long-term efficiency. Critical decisions include facility location, inventory, and transportation issues. This study proposes that with a dual-channel supply chain network design model, the traditional location-inventory problem should be extended to consider the vast amount of online customers at the strategic level, since the problem usually involves multiple and conflicting objectives. Therefore, a multi-objective dual-channel supply chain network model involving three conflicting objectives is initially proposed to allow a comprehensive trade-off evaluation. In addition to the typical costs associated with facility operation and transportation, we explicitly consider the pivotal online customer service rate between the distribution centers (DCs) and their assigned customers. This study proposes a heuristic solution scheme to resolve this multi-objective programming problem, by integrating genetic algorithms, a clustering analysis, a Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), and a Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Several experiments are simulated to demonstrate the possibility and efficacy of the proposed approach. A scenario analysis is conducted to understand the model's performance.


A 60-year-old right-handed woman presented with acute disorientation. Neurological examination showed impaired short-term memory, disorientation to time and place, and flattened right nasolabial fold. Brain MRI showed acute ischemic stroke in the territory of anterior choroidal artery (AChA) involving left mesial temporal, globuspallidus, posterior limb of internal capsule and lateral thalamus. The classic clinical findings in AchA stroke include contralateral hemiparesis, hemianaesthesia and hemianopia. Disorientaiton occurs only in 2.7% of AChA stroke [1]. Recognition of such an uncommon presentation of AChA stroke is important to avoid missing an opportunity for thrombolysis in the appropriate clinical setting.


Heat treatment is a vital process in the manufacturing of automotive parts. Heat treatment is needed to alter the physical properties of the materials used for manufacturing the parts. The need for altering the physical properties of the materials is governed by some specific processes such as cutting, machining, drawing, and properties needed during service. Heat treatment ovens/furnaces use a large amount of energy. An improvement in the energy efficiency of these ovens/furnaces can result in significant energy savings. There are several proven technologies which are available for improving the energy efficiency of these ovens/furnaces including but are not limited to: combustion efficiency improvements, minimizing flue gas losses, change of furnace/oven indoor atmosphere, oxygen enrichment, plugging of unwanted openings, and minimizing wall losses. Supply chain industries to support the implementation of these energy efficient technologies in some cases can be very energy intensive themselves. For example, minimization of wall losses requires improving the integrity of the oven/furnace shell. This in turn requires the installation of good high temperature refectories. Manufacturing of high temperature refectories itself is a very energy inefficient process because a lot of waste heat is generated during this process and is not recovered. The current paper describes a case study involving waste heat recovery in a high temperature refectories manufacturing plant. The study was based upon the applications of Process Heating Assessment and Survey Tool (PHAST). The objective of the study was to make the manufacturing process of high temperature refractory energy efficient so that the cost of refurbishing the ovens/furnaces used in the automotive industries can become more affordable and ultimately result in reducing the energy costs making automotive industries more competitive.


This paper will take in consideration the current situation of the Albanian financial system after two decades of transition towards market economy and analyzes the barriers and challenges that lie ahead on the path of development. The analysis considers three segments of financial system: banks, debt market and capital market, without underestimating none of them. Based on the experience of developed countries we have given some consideration and have observed several problems related to the role of the financial system and economy as a whole. After financial "tsunami" of 2008 the Albanian economy, the financial system is faced to global financial crisis and also faced to consequences of it. That's one more reason to be more careful now, especially, about banking sector. But how will be transmitted to and affect the financial crisis of 2008 in Albania? What about the financial system and especially the banking sector in Albania after global crisis? Which are the determinants of crisis? Actually Albanian economy has felt a limited impact from global financial crisis. Slow integration to the global markets ,the prudent economic policies and the lack of financial markets have eventually spare Albanian economy by financial crisis but not so much from economic crisis.


The study of integration processes has now reached a crucial stage in most Western European countries with the emergence of the second generation. The oldest children born to postwar immigrants on European soil have recently entered the job market, and we can now investigate their performance in both education and employment. This opens a unique opportunity to compare the situations of second generation migrants across countries. Ostensibly the children all have the same starting position, being born in the country of settlement. The intriguing question is how differences between immigrant groups, and also differences in national contexts, work to the benefit or detriment of the second generation. We discuss the first issue briefly, confining ourselves here to Turkish and Moroccan immigrants. In addressing the issue of national contexts, we focus primarily on policies and practices rather than on broad-reaching national integration models. We examine in detail the integration process itself in the context of vital institutional arrangements such as the education system and the mechanisms for transition to the labor market. How do such arrangements differ between countries, and how do they affect the outcomes for the second generation?


Two isomers were separated from the condensation reaction between resorcinol and p-bromobenzaldehyde. Both isomers contain four resorcinol units and four p-bromobenzylidene units. The structures of the octaacetate esters of both isomers, referred to as (I) and (II), have been determined. (I) has a twofold axis of symmetry and the benzene rings have the same configuration as found for the octabutyrate ester by Nilsson [Acta Chem. Scand. (1968). 22, 732-747]. (II) has a center of symmetry with pairs of p-bromophenyl groups on opposite sides of the molecule. The crystal data are: (I), a= 24"229 (8), b= 11-959 (5), c=24.334 (8) A, fl= 110.24 (1) °, space group C2/c, Z=4; (II), a= 16.894 (5), b= 14.051 (5), c= 13"348 (4) A,, fl=92"38 (1) °, space group P21/n, Z=2. The final R1 index for (I) is 0.117 without H atoms and for (II), 0.043 with H atoms.


We describe the computing of six textural features based on the co-occurrence matrix for infrared images. With regard to the fact that in the normal mode the warmest objects have the highest values of gray-level infrared images, used textural features should show which of them have influence in highlighting the difference between the warm objects and their background. For that purpose the MATLAB algorithm is used and eighteen infrared images are tested. Due to the computing intensity of the co-occurrence matrix the used infrared images with 256 gray-levels were reduced to 64 gray-levels. The results showed that variance and correlation contributed towards highlighting warm objects or their parts.


This paper presents an improved affine projection algorithm based crosstalk resistant adaptive noise canceller (CRANC). The proposed CRANC consists of three adaptive filters, one of which is used for detecting speech activity and the others are employed to estimate the interference and crosstalk transfer functions, respectively. An efficient sequential speech detector is also proposed in this paper, which is completely built into the adaptive strategy and thus causes no delay in the input and output of the noise canceller. The proposed CRANC was tested and compared with the conventional CRANC in the white Gaussian noise environment. Experimental results show that the proposed CRANC achieved higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvements than the conventional CRANC.


This study assessed how the location of the tapping point is affected by changing the head position. An intra-oral tracing device consisted of a metal tracing plate and a central bearing pin was used in five fully dentate subjects. The tracing plate was fixed to the maxillary part of the device parallel to the occlusal plane. The central bearing pin was fixed to the mandibular part of the device and was located at the midpoint of a line connecting the bilateral first molars. The pin was placed perpendicular to the tracing plate. The appliance was inserted in the mouth and the subject was asked to perform tapping movements with the head Camper and Frankfort plane placed horizontally. The tapping movements (n=30) were made at a 30 mm-range of motion, and the incisal and condylar points were tracked with a 6-degree-of-freedom jaw movement tracking system (TRIMET; Tokyo Shizaisha Co., Japan) .The antero-posterior distribution of 30 tapping points and their mean position from intercuspal position were analyzed in incisor and condylar points between two head positions. Result revealed that the condylar points corresponding to the tapping points converged into a small area when the head was positioned with the Camper plane horizontal. However, in both head positions, condylar points were located anteriorly from the intercuspal position. From the results, it can be concluded that head position has it's effects on the distribution and mean position of tapping points. In addition, it can be suggested that from the distribution of scattered tapping points, the head should be positioned with the Camper plane horizontal to record the tapping points at a convergent area.


Recent findings highlight the limited agreement between diagnostic ratings provided by practicing clinicians and the self-report and interview methods typically employed in research settings. Such discrepancies between the diagnoses assigned in research and applied settings greatly complicate the translation of empirical findings into practice. This review highlights these disagreements, offers explanations for these observed differences, and provides 5 implications for research. Specifically, we provide evidence that, despite criticisms, self-reported psychopathology may be at least as valid as clinicians' unstructured diagnoses. Further, we highlight the need for research that provides clinicians with the most valid tools, including those that focus on dimensional constructs, rather than diagnostic categories. In addition, we recommend that adult psychopathology research incorporate methodologies from general personality for unraveling informant discrepancies. We highlight recent work that has provided valuable tools for incorporating metaperception-the extent to which one is aware of how they are perceived by others-for contextualizing these differences. We also underscore the utility of emerging technologies that provide rich data, such as ambulatory assessment, for overcoming the criterion problem. Finally, we recommend that advances in combining data from multiple sources from the childhood psychopathology literature, such as examining the extent to which discrepancies themselves might aid in diagnosis, be incorporated into adult psychopathology research. In sum, we hope that these implications inspire research that improves the science of diagnostic assessment in a way that might ultimately improve practice. (PsycINFO Database Record


Automatic perception of human behaviors during social interactions is crucial for AR/VR applications, and an essential component is estimation of plausible 3D human pose and shape of our social partners from the egocentric view. One of the biggest challenges of this task is severe body truncation due to close social distances in egocentric scenarios, which brings large pose ambiguities for unseen body parts. To tackle this challenge, we propose a novel scene-conditioned diffusion method to model the body pose distribution. Conditioned on the 3D scene geometry, the diffusion model generates bodies in plausible human-scene interactions, with the sampling guided by a physics-based collision score to further resolve human-scene inter-penetrations. The classifier-free training enables flexible sampling with different conditions and enhanced diversity. A visibility-aware graph convolution model guided by per-joint visibility serves as the diffusion denoiser to incorporate inter-joint dependencies and per-body-part control. Extensive evaluations show that our method generates bodies in plausible interactions with 3D scenes, achieving both superior accuracy for visible joints and diversity for invisible body parts. The code is available at https://sanweiliti.github.io/egohmr/egohmr.html.


Russia and China today are going through the period of transformations. The students in both states live in transitional societies which interfere with their lifestyles and systems of values. That is why the research into the system of values of both Chinese and Russian students is of vital importance today - it does not only help to understand the modern youth, their motivation and culture better; but also enables us to define their world-view, main trends of their development; help them deal with their problems. Youth values give an idea of present and upcoming values of a nation as a whole.


In order to support real-time face recognition using a wireless camera network, we design a data acquisition service to quickly and reliably acquire face images of human subjects from multiple views and to simultaneously index each acquired image into its corresponding pose. In comparison with detection of frontal faces, the detection of non-frontal faces with unknown pose is a much more challenging problem that involves significant image processing. In this paper, we describe a collaborative approach in which multi-view camera geometry and inter-camera communication is utilized at run time to significantly reduce the required processing time. By doing so, we are able to achieve a high capture rate for both frontal and non-frontal faces and at the same time maintain a high detection accuracy. We implement our face acquisition system on a 1.6 GHz Intel Atom Processor based embedded camera network and show that we can reliably acquire frontal faces at 11 fps and non-frontal faces at 10 fps on images captured at a resolution of 640 × 480 pixels.


This study aims to describe the implementation of meaningful mathematics learning with contextual approach and to know the student's response to meaningful mathematics learning. The subjects of this study are students of class VIII B SMP Negeri 7 Banjarmasin as many as 27 people and students of class VIII F SMP Negeri 24 Banjarmasin 2020/2021 lesson year as many as 30 people. Technique of collecting data with observation of learning implementation with contextual approach and questionnaire of student response to learning math meaningful with contextual approach, and documentation. Data analysis technique using percentage. The results show that the implementation of meaningful mathematics learning will take place as planned, containing seven components in a contextual approach if the teacher is able to translate the essence of each step in a syntactic contextual approach with the media and learning resources. Student's response to the learning of mathematics is significant with the contextual approach of qualification both good and very good, although percentage, student response in class VIII B SMP Negeri Banjarmasin better than student response in class VIII F SMP Negeri Banjarmasin.


Many wild populations are showing changes in phenotypic traits. However, the common assumption that such changes are driven by climate change relies on three conditions: that local climate is changing over time, that trait(s) are sensitive to climate variability, and that other causal agents are not also changing. We used long-term datasets on 60 bird species to test these conditions and to quantify the contribution of warming temperatures to changes in three important life-history traits. Across species, approximately half of the magnitude of changes in traits could be attributed to a single temperature window, with averages of 50% for laying date, 40% for body condition and 56% for offspring numbers. Thus, although warming temperatures were a key driver of change, other unknown factors contributed substantially to temporal trends (typically reinforcing change). Further analyses showed that these non-temperature-driven contributions explained most of the inter-specific variation in trait changes.


In 1990, Congress passed 28 U.S.C. sec. 1367, which combined the judge-made doctrines of ancillary and pendent jurisdiction into a new category, "supplemental jurisdiction." Supplemental jurisdiction allows federal district courts with original jurisdiction to also have jurisdiction over all other claims that form part of the "same case or controversy under Article 1II of the United States Constitution." This Article analyzes supplemental jurisdiction over both permissive and compulsory counterclaims, before and after the codification of sec. 1367, by looking at the meaning of "same case or controversy." It then examines two Circuit Court opinions that have held permissive counterclaims may be subject to supplemental jurisdiction as part of the "same case or controversy" as the claim over which the court has original jurisdiction. The author concludes that recent opinions from the Second and Seventh Circuit Courts of Appeal have correctly recognized federal courts' ability to hear permissive counterclaims without independent jurisdiction.


Packet classification can be applied in network security, QoS, routing, network load balancing, bandwidth sharing etc. Algorithms of packet classification are categorized into either hardware-based or software-based solutions. Nowadays packet classification implementations are inefficient in IPv6 network environment because much longer address fields have to be processed. In this paper, we propose schemes that use cache memory to improve the performance of IPv6 packet classification. We evaluate the performance of our schemes through simulation under different cache sizes, architectures, and replacement policies. We use real world IPv6 traffic flows for the experiment, and the numerical results show that our schemes achieve higher than 90% hit rate when cache size is no less than 1024 entries in 4-way associative cache memory architecture, this significantly improves the performance of IPv6 packet classification.


For more economic power generation, the blade size of offshore floating wind turbine becomes bigger than floating substructure. Consequently, structural load from wind turbine to floating substructure under unsteady turbulent wind condition becomes more important for structural strength assessment. In conventional load-based structural strength assessment, the coupling effect between hull motion and turbine loading is ignored so that the strength assessment based on the conventional methods has high uncertainties. Therefore, class societies recommend fully coupled time-domain analysis of the floating offshore wind turbine and subsequent response-based structural analysis to assess the structural strength.
 Present paper introduces an efficient time-domain structural analysis for buckling and ultimate strength assessment. For various design load cases, full-blown time-domain structural analyses are performed by mapping the aero-elastic, hydrodynamic, hydrostatic, inertial and mooring loadings to finite-element structural model. An efficient pseudo-spectral stress synthesizer based on 'lodal' response analysis is introduced to enhance the computational efficiency of time-domain structural analysis.
 As an application, a floating offshore wind turbine platform designed for Korean offshore wind farm projects is used. Based on full-blown time domain structural analysis, buckling and ultimate strength assessments are performed following the Class Rule provided by Korean Register.


Abstract The Afon Goch (Anglesey, UK) is a short (12 km source to estuary) stream highly contaminated by acid mine drainage (AMD) throughout its length, due to past-mining at the head of the stream. Metal distribution is strongly controlled by the pH, which increases downstream particularly at confluences with two unpolluted tributaries. A pH increase causes precipitation of metals, primarily Fe as hydroxide, thus altering the transport of the metal load, potentially allowing storage of metal within the river as deposited material. However, further work suggests that the controls on whether metal can behave non-conservatively, and therefore the controls on metal distribution, are more complicated than being purely pH dependent. This is because much of the Fe load, even at the low pH at the head of the stream, is not soluble Fe3+ but colloidal Fe hydroxide. Consequently, coagulation is a requisite intermediate step between precipitation and potential for settling. It is possible that in reaches of the stream away from tributary confluences, the process of coagulation is the predominant influence on metal distribution. Furthermore, because much of the metal load in the water column is very fine, its deposition results in a sediment in which the metals can be intimately associated with a biofilm at the sediment/water interface. Such associations change both deposition and erosion characteristics of the sediment and have implications for subsequent diagenesis and mineral morphology.


Objectives: To develop and verify a scale of nurses' views on death and dying based on the views of nurses working in a general hospital, and to clarify the constituent elements of nurses' views on death and dying. Methods: The scale of nurses' views on death and dying was developed based on a systematic review of qualitative research into nurses' views on death and dying and evolutionary concept analysis. A draft scale of 35 items was developed, and the questionnaire was distributed to 630 general ward nurses. Subsequently, the reliability and validity of the scale were examined. Results: Of the distributed questionnaire forms, valid response rate was 54.4%. Principal factor analysis was conducted to identify constituent elements. The scale was ultimately composed of 18 items and five subscales. The reliability of the scale was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha internal consistency reliability coefficient of .801 and test-retest reliability coefficient of .681. As for the validity of the scale, criterion-related validity and construct validity were confirmed. Conclusion: The analysis identified five constituent elements: "The quality of death and dying by the family," "The teachings of people who are dying," "Negative feelings about death," "Death is a law of nature," and "Suggestions for spending the end-of-life stage."


I decipher the quantum duality of the electron in Young's Double-Slit Experiment. Hypothesis intends to decode the interaction of knocked-electrons with the observer and perturbative disappearance of the interference pattern. Hypothesis is based on Bohr's Atomic Model, and the theoretical concepts of Quantization of electron. The hypothesis proposes a universal field, similar to Higg's field, that conserves the potential energy of electrons through interaction with knocked-electrons, utilizing phenomena of pair-production. The hypothesis provides comprehensive theoretical and mathematical solutions to possibly elaborate, in a broader context, why electrons exhibit duality and the role of the observer in Young's Double-Slit experiment through the introduction of universal field (SM-Field). The interactions between photons and knocked-electrons have been discussed. Through using the Schrodinger wave equation (SWE), a mathematical model has been derived, that is used to explain the role of the observer, and duality of the electron by using SM-field as a supplement. The prime objective of the proposed hypothesis is to understand the dual nature of the electron by presenting a mathematical and theoretical modal not just to decode the duality of the electron but also to decode the role of the observer when measuring the position of electrons


Congenital heart defects (CHDs) affect 2%–3% of newborns and remain challenging clinically. There is an ongoing project to elucidate the causes of CHDs, focusing primarily on genetics as dictated by the epidemiology. In a paper published in this issue, Santos and colleagues describe studies of Cornelia de Lange syndrome-associated secundum atrial septal defects (ASDs) caused by NIPBL mutations, undertaken with a targeted trapping allele in mice. They show that Nipbl haploinsufficiency in either of two cell populations was sufficient to engender ASDs but that expression solely in either one of those populations was sufficient to rescue them. This work provides novel insights into incomplete penetrance and oligogenic effects underlying CHDs.


Described here is an anticancer material based on colloidal mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) functionalized with doxorubicin (DOX), and incorporated into Pluronic F127 hydrogels for prolonged release, with a potential therapeutic application for prostate cancer treatment. The MSNs have spherical morphology, size of about 60 nm, surface area of 970 cm2 g-1 and average pore width of 2.0 nm. A high colloidal stability for the MSNs in the physiological medium used for in vivo administration (NaCl 0.9% w/v) could be attained in the presence of PF127 (from 5 to 18 wt %), where depletion repulsion forces prevent MSN agglomeration. By conjugating DOX, MSN and PF127 (18 wt %) in NaCl 0.9%, the hybrid system has a gelation temperature of 21 °C, which allowed its in vivo administration in the liquid form and further in situ gelation, generating a drug depot system inside the animals after peritoneal injection. The systems were tested in rats with chemically induced prostate cancer and, after this treatment, histopathological analyses confirmed (i) a reduction in the frequency of aggressive tumors; (ii) that the antitumor effect was dependent on MSN concentration; and most importantly (iii) the reduction of DOX intrinsic cardiotoxicity, indicating that the MSNs play a cardioprotective effect.


Latinos represent the largest and fastest growing minority group in the United States. They are a culturally diverse population united by a common Spanish language. Although they represent approximately 13% of the US population, Latinos account for 19% of diagnosed HIV cases and 20% of AIDS cases. Latinos typically present late in the course of the disease and face barriers to care, including limited health care access and the withholding of HAART by care providers. Adherence to HAART can be difficult to predict, but adherence can be improved through better patient-centered care and better provider understanding of Latino cultural issues and needs.


Background/Aims: Motilin is an intestinal peptide that stimulates the contraction of gut smooth muscle. A discrepancy exists between the in vivo (neurally mediated) and in vitro (direct action on a smooth muscle receptor) mechanisms of motilin action in many species. We investigated in vitro mechanisms of motilin action on human gastric smooth muscle. Methods: Antral cirular muscle strips of the surgical tissue obtained during gastrectomy, were used to measure contractile force and electrical activity. Dispersed muscle cells were used to measure L-type current and electrical activity. Results: Motilin of 1-100 nM contracted smooth muscle in a concentration-dependent manner. Motilin-induced contractions were unaffected by tetrodotoxin or atropine treatment. Nifedipine or Ca2+-free bath solution blocked motilin (10 nM)-induced contractions. Low concentration of motilin (1 nM) resulted in an increase in acetylcholine (0.1100M)-induced contractions. By patch clamp recording technique, motilin (1 or 10 nM) did not modify the L-type current, but motilin-induced membrane depolarization was detected. Erythromycin also contracted smooth muscle with membrane depolarization but verapamil inhibited the contraction. Conclusions: These results suggest that motilin contracts smooth muscle through a direct action on smooth muscle receptor and influx through the L-type channel, which is due to membrane depolarization, also mediates motilin-induced contractions.


The conventional normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithm is the most widely used for adaptive identification within a non-stationary input context. The convergence of the NLMS algorithm is independent of environmental changes. However, its steady state performance is impaired during input sequences with low dynamics. In this paper, we propose a new NLMS algorithm which is, in the steady state, insensitive to the time variations of the input dynamics. The square soot (SR)-NLMS algorithm is based on a normalization of the LMS adaptive filter input by the Euclidean norm of the tap-input. The tap-input power of the SR- NLMS adaptive filter is then equal to one even during sequences with low dynamics. Therefore, the amplification of the observation noise power by the tap-input power is cancelled in the misadjustment time evolution. The harmful effect of the low dynamics input sequences, on the steady state performance of the LMS adaptive filter are then reduced. In addition, the square root normalized input is more stationary than the base input. Therefore, the robustness of LMS adaptive filter with respect to the input non stationarity is enhanced. A performance analysis of the first- and the second-order statistic behavior of the proposed SR-NLMS adaptive filter is carried out. In particular, an analytical expression of the step size ensuring stability and mean convergence is derived. In addition, the results of an experimental study demonstrating the good performance of the SR-NLMS algorithm are given. A comparison of these results with those obtained from a standard NLMS algorithm, is performed. It is shown that, within a non- stationary input context, the SR-NLMS algorithm exhibits better performance than the NLMS algorithm.


Background The SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA coronavirus responsible for the ongoing 2019-2020 COVID-19 outbreak. The highly contagious COVID-19 disease has spread to 216 countries in less than six months. Though several vaccine candidates are being claimed, an effective vaccine is yet to come. In present study we have designed and theoretically validated novel Multi-Patch Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Methodology A novel reverse epitomics approach, "overlapping-epitope-clusters-to-patches" method is utilized to identify multiple antigenic regions from the SARS-CoV-2 proteome. These antigenic regions are here termed as "Ag-Patch or Ag-Patches", for Antigenic Patch or Patches. The identification of Ag-Patches is based on clusters of overlapping epitopes rising from a particular region of SARS-CoV-2 protein. Further, we have utilized the identified Ag-Patches to design Multi-Patch Vaccines (MPVs), proposing a novel methodology for vaccine design and development. The designed MPVs were analyzed for immunologically crucial parameters, physiochemical properties and cDNA constructs. Results We identified 73 CTL (Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte), 49 HTL (Helper T-Lymphocyte) novel Ag-Patches from the proteome of SARS-CoV-2. The identified Ag-Patches utilized to design MPVs cover 768 (518 CTL and 250 HTL) overlapping epitopes targeting different HLA alleles. Such large number of epitope coverage is not possible for multi-epitope vaccines. The large number of epitopes covered implies large number of HLA alleles targeted, and hence large ethnically distributed human population coverage. The MPVs:Toll-Like Receptor ectodomain complex shows stable nature with numerous hydrogen bond formation and acceptable root mean square deviation and fluctuation. Further, the cDNA analysis favors high expression of the MPVs constructs in human cell line. Conclusion Highly immunogenic novel Ag-Patches are identified from the entire proteome of SARS CoV-2 by a novel reverse epitomics approach. We conclude that the novel Multi-Patch Vaccines could be a highly potential novel approach to combat SARS-CoV-2, with greater effectiveness, high specificity and large human population coverage worldwide. ABSTRACT FIGURE: A Multi-Patch Vaccine design to combat SARS-CoV-2 and a method to prepare thereof. Multi-Patch Vaccine designing to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection by reverse epitomics approach, "Overlapping-epitope-clusters-to-patches" method.


The condensation heat transfer characteristic curves for a ternary vapor mixture of water, ethanol and air (or nitrogen) under several ethanol concentrations and relatively low concentrations of air (or nitrogen) were measured. The effect of non-condensable gas on several different domains in the condensation curves was discussed. The effect of non-condensable gas in the domains controlled by the diffusion resistance and the filmwise condensation was not notable; whereas that in the domain dominated by the condensate resistance of dropwise mode was remarkable. Moreover, variations due to changes in non-condensable gas concentration of several characteristic points representing the curves were discussed.


JavaScript (JS) is one of the most popular programming languages, and widely used for web apps, mobile apps, desktop clients, and even backend development. Due to its dynamic and flexible nature, however, JS applications often have a reputation for poor software quality. While the type-safe superset TypeScript (TS) offers features to address these prejudices, there is currently insufficient empirical evidence to broadly support the claim that TS applications exhibit better software quality than JS applications. We therefore conducted a repository mining study based on 604 GitHub projects (299 for JS, 305 for TS) with over 16M LoC. Using SonarQube and the GitHub API, we collected and analyzed four facets of software quality: a) code quality (# of code smells per LoC), b) code understandability (cognitive complexity per LoC), c) bug proneness (bug fix commit ratio), and d) bug resolution time (mean time a bug issue is open). For TS, we also collected how frequently the type-safety ignoring any type was used per project via ESLint. The analysis indicates that TS applications exhibit significantly better code quality and understandability than JS applications. Contrary to expectations, however, bug proneness and bug resolution time of our TS sample were not significantly lower than for JS: the mean bug fix commit ratio of TS projects was more than 60% larger (0.126 vs. 0.206), and TS projects needed on average more than an additional day to fix bugs (31.86 vs. 33.04 days). Furthermore, reducing the usage of the any type in TS apps appears to be beneficial: its frequency was significantly correlated with all metrics except bug proneness, even though the correlations were of small strengths (Spearman's rho between 0.17 and 0.26). Our results indicate that the perceived positive influence of Type-Script for avoiding bugs in comparison to JavaScript may be more complicated than assumed. While using TS seems to have benefits, it does not automatically lead to less and easier to fix bugs. However, more research is needed in this area, especially concerning the potential influence of project complexity and developer experience.


The rumen microbiota of ruminants plays a vital role in fiber digestion, and environmental factors affect its community structure. The yak (Bos grunniens) is the main livestock species that inhabits the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) at regions located at high-altitude of 3,000–5,000 m. This work investigated the rumen bacterial community of yak that grazed on the QTP during the whole year to evaluate the relationship between the rumen bacterial community and the nutrient composition of forage plant at three stages. In this study, the diversity of the rumen prokaryotic community composition was monitored in 10 full-grazing yak in an alpine meadow of the QTP. The nutrient composition of three forage growth stages was determined: re-green stage (REGY), grassy stage (GY), and withered stage (WGY). High-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene was used. The results showed that the nutritive composition of the alpine meadow changed with the seasons: crude protein (CP) (13.22%) was high in forage during REGY (spring), while neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (59.00%) was high during WGY (winter). Microbial diversity and richness were highest during REGY and the average number of operational taxonomic units from 30 samples was 4,470. The microbial composition was dominated by members of Bacteroidetes (51.82%), followed by Firmicutes (34.08%), and the relative microbial abundance changed in the three forage growth stages. Unweighted UniFrac distance PcoA showed that the bacterial community structure differed between REGY, GY, and WGY. Furthermore, taxonomic groups did not present differences regarding gender in these three stages. The rumen microbiota was enriched with functional potentials that were related to ABC transporters, the two-component system, Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and metabolism of Purine, Pyrimidine, Starch and sucrose metabolism. Significant differences were found in the composition, diversity, and function of yak ruminal microorganisms during different forage growth stages. This indicates that microbial changes in the rumen depend on changes in the forage nutritional composition. These findings provide evidence on the rumen microbial diversity of yaks in the QTP.


Direct cardiac injection of adenosine-triphosphoric acid evoked constriction of the trachea in anesthetized dogs. The constrictor response is abolished by cooling of both vagi or by i.v. administration of atropine. The response seems to be mediated through chemically sensitive sensory receptors in lungs.


We report the results of a calculation of the vibrational and rotational spectra of water confined in carbon nanotubes. Water has been modeled with a flexible version of the simple point charge model of Berendsen et al., while the carbon nanotubes are taken to be soft potential walls interacting with water through a Lennard-Jones-type potential. The comparison of the computed absorption line shapes with the corresponding ones of liquid bulk water shows significant shifts in the positions of the spectral bands directly related to the tube radii.


Here for the first time, we demonstrate novel nanodome solar cells, which have periodic nanoscale modulation for all layers from the bottom substrate, through the active absorber to the top transparent contact. These devices combine many nanophotonic effects to both efficiently reduce reflection and enhance absorption over a broad spectral range. Nanodome solar cells with only a 280 nm thick hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) layer can absorb 94% of the light with wavelengths of 400-800 nm, significantly higher than the 65% absorption of flat film devices. Because of the nearly complete absorption, a very large short-circuit current of 17.5 mA/cm(2) is achieved in our nanodome devices. Excitingly, the light management effects remain efficient over a wide range of incident angles, favorable for real environments with significant diffuse sunlight. We demonstrate nanodome devices with a power efficiency of 5.9%, which is 25% higher than the flat film control. The nanodome structure is not in principle limited to any specific material system and its fabrication is compatible with most solar manufacturing; hence it opens up exciting opportunities for a variety of photovoltaic devices to further improve performance, reduce materials usage, and relieve elemental abundance limitations. Lastly, our nanodome devices when modified with hydrophobic molecules present a nearly superhydrophobic surface and thus enable self-cleaning solar cells.


Objective: The study was a pilot study aimed at investigating the use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) checklist developed by the World Health Organisation in determining the function of individuals living with HIV in a township near Cape Town. Methods: Twelve participants attending the HIV clinic were examined using the ICF checklist. Findings: Areas of the ICF in which problems were noted included emotional functioning and energy and drive. Four participants complained of increased sensitivity to sound. Several respondents (three) reported difficulties in relation ships with community members, with less having problems in family and intimate relationships. Conclusion: The ICF was found to be time consuming and many codes were not relevant. Some of the concepts were not well understood by the participants. However, despite limitations, the use of the ICF in a resource poor setting formed a useful framework within which to examine the functional problems of HIV infected individuals. In the absence of any equivalent unifying framework within which to classify health and health related states, the use of the ICF merits further investigation.


Silicon hetero junction (SHJ) cell technology is one of the next generation high efficiency concepts that are currently in the focus of the PV community enabling record efficiencies and increasing in market share. Continuous process improvements along the production chain enable efficiency as well as yield improvements targeting cost reduction and increased market acceptance. This work addresses process improvements in our PV-TEC pilot production environment concerning amorphous silicon (a-Si) and transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer deposition, and specifically presents a laser-based light soaking treatment enabling cell efficiency gains up to 0.6%abs. All implemented improvements enable for 23% efficiency on full area (244.43 cm) SHJ cells. Investigations concerning the impact of the TCO edge exclusion on cell parameters by designated area IV-measurements with varying mask widths indicate that for 3 mm edge exclusion carrier collection and recombination losses which strongly affect JSC and FF can be reduced enabling for efficiencies of 23.5%.


This paper explores the case of on-site sewage systems (OSSS) in Sweden with the purpose to identify what factors that influence individual house owners' willingness to invest in new sewage systems and what makes them not. Such investments are needed, since release of nutrient-rich sewage water is one important cause of eutrophication of seas and lakes, not least of the environmentally vulnerable Baltic Sea. The situation is a social dilemma indeed: the responsibility - and hence the cost - lies with the property owner to invest in a sewage system with proper purification, while at the same time the benefits are collective and quite diffuse in space and time. However, the municipalities have a key role, because they are expected to translate national regulations into local standards while considering local circumstances. Hence, municipalities' action is a potentially important factor for influencing individual behavior. However, the "failure" to implement proper OSSS is telling of the importance of other factors too. Potentially important factors are individuals' trust in authorities and fellow citizens, adherence to different justice principles, as well as individually held beliefs, attitudes and norms. The paper will theoretically elaborate possible relations between these variables and in what way they may affect actors' willingness to invest in environmentally improved on-site sewage systems.


Mechanical design and electronic circuit are described. Locking to one of the absorption lines of 129J2 has been achieved with the third harmonic of the modulation frequency in the power output. The wavelength of the laser stabilized to the component 129J2, B was measured in comparison to the 86Kr-primary standard to be λvac = 632990,076 · 10-12m with a relative standard deviation of the mean value of about 2 · 10-9 (herein is not included the uncertainity in the realization of the metre definition).


We present empirical evidence on the heterogeneity in monetary policy transmission across countries with different home ownership rates. We use household-level data together with shocks to the policy rate identified from high-frequency data. We find that housing tenure reacts more strongly to unexpected changes in the policy rate in Germany and Switzerland –the OECD countries with the lowest home ownership rates– compared with existing evidence for the U.S. An unexpected decrease in the policy rate by 25 basis points increases the home ownership rate by 0.8 percentage points in Germany and by 0.6 percentage points in Switzerland. The response of non-housing consumption in Switzerland is less heterogeneous across renters and mortgagors, and has a different pattern across age groups than in the U.S. We discuss economic explanations for these findings and implications for monetary policy.


Protoplasts of Bacillus subtilis W23 readily synthesized ribitol teichoic acid from nucleotide precursors in the surrounding medium. With cytidine diphosphate-ribitol they made poly(ribitol phosphate), presumably attached to lipoteichoic acid carrier; when cytidine diphosphate-glycerol and uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine were also present a 10-fold increase in the rate of polymer synthesis occurred, and the product contained both the main chain and the linkage unit. Synthesis was inhibited by trypsin or p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate in the medium, and we concluded that it occurred at the outer surface of the membrane. During synthesis, which was also achieved readily by whole cells after a brief period of wall lysis, the cytidine phosphate portion of the nucleotide precursors did not pass through the membrane. No evidence could be obtained for a transphosphorylation mechanism for the translocation process. It is suggested that reaction with exogenous substrates was due to temporary exposure of a protein component of the enzyme complex at the outer surface of the membrane during the normal biosynthetic cycle.


: The process of communicating using fiber optics involves the following basic steps: The optical signal is created using a transmitter, the signal is relayed along the fiber, the signal is ensured that it does not become too distorted or weak, the optical signal is received and converting it into an electrical signal. The chromatic dispersion in optical fiber is a phenomenon caused by the different wavelengths which depends on its group refractive index which causes Pulse broadening as they propagte in OFC. Though EDFAs (Erbium doped fiber amplifiers) compensate the transmission losses, Chromatic dispersion is not compensated using EDFAs. One of the applicable and important components in optical communication system is Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG). Uniform FBG is studied as a dispersion compensator in any optical communication system. The simulator used is OPTISYSTEM 7.0 simulation software. All the simulations are done in OPTISYSTEM 7.0 at 10 Gbits/sec and 210 km of transmission fiber. The simulated transmission system has been analyzed on the basis of different parameterssuch as BER, Q-factor, Output power, Gain, Noise Figure and Eye height.


We continue our study of chaotic mixing and transport of passive particles in a simple model of a meandering jet flow [Prants, et al, Chaos {\bf 16}, 033117 (2006)]. In the present paper we study and explain phenomenologically a connection between dynamical, topological, and statistical properties of chaotic mixing and transport in the model flow in terms of dynamical traps, singular zones in the phase space where particles may spend arbitrary long but finite time [Zaslavsky, Phys. D {\bf 168--169}, 292 (2002)]. The transport of passive particles is described in terms of lengths and durations of zonal flights which are events between two successive changes of sign of zonal velocity. Some peculiarities of the respective probability density functions for short flights are proven to be caused by the so-called rotational-islands traps connected with the boundaries of resonant islands (including those of the vortex cores) filled with the particles moving in the same frame. Whereas, the statistics of long flights can be explained by the influence of the so-called ballistic-islands traps filled with the particles moving from a frame to frame.


The article considers the issue of what is sex and sexual orientation discrimination and  should under the federal statute 2000 Esexual orientation be encompassed under the term sex. The statute has long been intrepreted as directed to physical sex and not read as including sex orientation as an aspect of sex. The article however traces and identifies a clear trend in the federal court system of the United States to interpreting  and  includng sexual orientation or homosexuality and lesbianism within this statute's prohibition against traditional sex discrimimation. The author holds the view  that homosexuality and sexual orientation should be given the same and equal protection as sex discrimimation in the federal courts of the United States and in time this statute will rightly be interpreted not only to include sex discriminataion as directed in its tradidtional understanding but be analayzed and interpreted to include protection against sexual orientation discrimination.


Screen-space ambient occlusion and obscurance (AO) techniques have become de-facto methods for ambient light attenuation and contact shadows in real-time rendering. Although extensive research has been conducted to improve the quality and performance of AO techniques, view-dependent artifacts remain a major issue. This paper introduces Multi-view Ambient Occlusion, a generic per-fragment view weighting scheme for evaluating screen-space occlusion or obscurance using multiple, arbitrary views, such as the readily available shadow maps. Additionally, it exploits the resulting weights to perform adaptive sampling, based on the importance of each view to reduce the total number of samples, while maintaining the image quality. Multi-view Ambient Occlusion improves and stabilizes the screen-space AO estimation without overestimating the results and can be combined with a variety of existing screen-space AO techniques. We demonstrate the results of our sampling method with both open volume- and solid angle-based AO algorithms.


We recently uncovered two new families of potent docosahexaenoic acid-derived mediators, termed D series resolvins (Rv; resolution phase interaction products) and protectins. Here, we assign the stereochemistry of the conjugated double bonds and chirality of alcohols present in resolvin D1 (RvD1) and its aspirin-triggered 17R epimer (AT-RvD1) with compounds prepared by total organic synthesis. In addition, docosahexaenoic acid was converted by a single lipoxygenase in a "one-pot" reaction to RvD1 in vitro. The synthetic compounds matched the physical and biological properties of those enzymatically generated. RvD1 proved to be 7S,8R,17S-trihydroxy-4Z,9E,11E,13Z,15E,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid, AT-RvD1 matched 7S,8R,17R-trihydroxy-4Z,9E,11E,13Z,15E,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid, and they both stopped transendothelial migration of human neutrophils (EC50 ∼30 nm). In murine peritonitis in vivo, RvD1 and AT-RvD1 proved equipotent (at nanogram dosages), limiting polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration in a dose-dependent fashion. RvD1 was converted by eicosanoid oxidoreductase to novel 8-oxo- and 17-oxo-RvD1 that gave dramatically reduced bioactivity, whereas enzymatic conversion of AT-RvD1 was sharply reduced. These results establish the complete stereochemistry and actions of RvD1 and AT-RvD1 as well as demonstrate the stereoselective basis for their enzymatic inactivation. RvD1 regulates human polymorphonuclear leukocyte transendothelial migration and is anti-inflammatory. When its carbon 17S alcohol is enzymatically converted to 17-oxo-RvD1, it is essentially inactive, whereas the 17R alcohol configuration in its aspirin-triggered form (AT-RvD1) resists rapid inactivation. These results may contribute to the beneficial actions of aspirin and ω-3 fish oils in humans.


Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases recognize cognate amino acids and tRNAs from their noncognate counterparts and catalyze the formation of aminoacyl-tRNAs. Halofuginone (HF), a coccidiostat used in veterinary medicine, exerts its effects by acting as a high-affinity inhibitor of the enzyme glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase (EPRS). In order to elucidate the precise molecular basis of this inhibition mechanism of human EPRS, the crystal structures of the prolyl-tRNA synthetase domain of human EPRS (hPRS) at 2.4 Å resolution (hPRS-apo), of hPRS complexed with ATP and the substrate proline at 2.3 Å resolution (hPRS-sub) and of hPRS complexed with HF at 2.62 Å resolution (hPRS-HF) are presented. These structures show plainly that motif 1 functions as a cap in hPRS, which is loosely opened in hPRS-apo, tightly closed in hPRS-sub and incorrectly closed in hPRS-HF. In addition, the structural analyses are consistent with more effective binding of hPRS to HF with ATP. Mutagenesis and biochemical analysis confirmed the key roles of two residues, Phe1097 and Arg1152, in the HF inhibition mechanism. These structures will lead to the development of more potent and selective hPRS inhibitors for promoting inflammatory resolution.


The mapper construction is a powerful tool from topological data analysis that is designed for the analysis and visualization of multivariate data. In this paper, we investigate a method for stitching a pair of univariate mappers together into a bivariate mapper and study topological notions of information gains during such a process. We further provide implementations that visualize such information gains.


This paper explores Knowledge Management (KM) practices for use with portal technologies in Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). The aim is to help NGOs become true Civil Society Organizations (CSOs). In order to deal with more donors (at the top) and more beneficiaries (at the bottom), NGOs working in Humanitarian Aid and Social Development increasingly need systems to manage the creation, accessing and deployment information: within the NGOs themselves, between different NGOs that work together and, ultimately, between NGOs and Society as a whole. Put simply, NGOs are organizations that need an effective KM solution to tackle the problems that arise from both their local-global nature and from the difficulties of effective communication between and within NGOs and Civil Society. To address these problems, the underlying objectives, entities, activities, workflow and processes of the NGO will be considered from a KM framework. This paper presents the needs of a responsible, cooperative and participative NGO from a KM perspective, in order to promote the growth of Communities of Practice in local as well as in global network.


Coastal, reef-associated and deepwater (> 15 m) seagrass habitats form a large and ecologically important community on the Queensland continental shelf. Broad-scale resource inventories of coastal seagrasses were completed in the 1980s and were used in marine park and fisheries zoning to protect some seagrasses. At least eleven of the fifteen known species in the region reach their latitudinal limits of distribution in Queensland and at least two Halophila species may be endemic to Queensland or northeastern Australia. The importance of seagrasses to Dugongs Dugong dugon, Green Turtles Chelonia mydas and commercially valuable prawn fisheries, will continue to strongly influence directions in seagrass research and conservation management in Queensland. Widespread loss of seagrasses following natural cyclone and flood events in some locations has had serious consequences to regional populations of Dugong. However, the impacts to Queensland fisheries are little studied. Agricultural land use practices may exacerbate the effects of natural catastrophic events, but the long-term impacts of nutrients, pesticides and sediment loads on Queensland seagrasses are also unknown. Most areas studied are nutrient limited and human impacts on seagrasses in Queensland are low to moderate, and could include increases in habitat since modern settlement. Most impacts are in southern, populated localities where shelter and water conditions ideal for productive seagrass habitat are often targets for port development, and are at the downstream end of heavily modified catchments. For Queensland to avoid losses experienced by other states, incremental increases in impacts associated with population and development pressure must be managed. Seagrass areas receive priority consideration in oil spill management within the Great Barrier Reef and coastal ports. Present fisheries legislation for marine plant protection, marine parks and area closures to trawl fishing help protect inshore seagrass prawn nursery and Dugong feeding habitat, but seagrasses in deep water do not yet receive any special zoning protection. Efficacy of the various Local, State and Commonwealth Acts and planning programmes for seagrass conservation is limited by the expanse and remoteness of Queensland's northern coast, but is improving through broad-based education programmes. Institutional support is sought to enable community groups to augment limited research and monitoring programmes with local "habitat watch" programmes. Research is helping to describe the responses of seagrass to natural and human impacts and to determine acceptable levels of changes in seagrass meadows and water quality conditions that may cause those changes. The management of loss and regeneration of sea grass is benefiting from new information collected on life histories and mechanisms of natural recovery in Queensland species. Maintenance of Queensland's seagrasses systems will depend on improved community awareness, regional and long-term planning and active changes in coastal land use to contain overall downstream impacts and stresses.


The oxidation and isomerization of disulfide bonds is necessary for the growth of all organisms. In yeast, the oxidative folding of secretory pathway proteins is catalyzed by protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), which requires Ero1p (endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin) for its own oxidation. In Homo sapiens, two homologues of Ero1p, Ero1-Lalpha and Ero1-Lbeta, have been cloned. Both Ero1-Lalpha and Ero1-Lbeta interact via disulfide bonds with PDI and support the oxidation of immunoglobulin light chains. However, the function of Ero proteins in plants has not yet been analyzed. In this article, we report the cloning of the two Ero1p homologues present in Arabidopsis thaliana, demonstrating that one of the cDNAs has a shorter terminal exon than predicted and differs from the annotated sequence found in the genome database. Sequence analysis of the Arabidopsis endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductins (AEROs) reveals that both AERO1 and AERO2 are more closely related to each other than to either of the human Eros. Both in vitro translated AERO proteins are targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum and glycosylated. The ability to use a genetically tractable multicellular organism in combination with biochemical approaches should further our understanding of redox networks and Ero function in both plants and animals.


Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE‐HS) is characterized by its well‐defined clinical profile. Limbic encephalitis is increasingly recognized as a possible etiology of adult‐onset MTLE‐HS, and neuronal autoantibodies have been detected in patients even without previous signs of encephalitis. The aim of this study is to analyze the frequency of specific autoantibodies in patients with MTLE‐HS. A case‐control study was carried out with 100 patients with MTLE‐HS and 50 healthy controls. Sera samples from subjects were tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay for detection of anti‐N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor (NMDA‐R), anti‐contactin‐associated protein‐like 2 (CASPR2), anti‐leucine‐rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1), anti‐gamma aminobutyric acid B receptor (GABA‐B‐R), anti‐alpha‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid 1 and 2 receptors (AMPA‐1‐R and AMPA‐2‐R), and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for detection of anti‐glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65). Mean age of patients and controls was 41.2 vs 42 years, and 55% vs 56% were female. Mean duration of epilepsy was 27.2 years. No neuronal autoantibodies were found in either group, except for anti‐GAD65 in 3 patients and 2 controls. This study adds to the mounting evidence that, in Brazilian patients, MTLE‐HS without signs and symptoms of autoimmune encephalitis may be infrequently associated with these autoantibodies. Differences regarding accuracy of used methodologies for autoantibody detection and genetic and environmental characteristics are discussed. Further works with different methodologies tested simultaneously in different populations may help clarify the incongruent study results about autoantibodies in MTLE‐HS.


This paper discusses the exhibition Jerusalem at the Museum of World Culture (MoWC) in Gothenburg, Sweden. The exhibition mixes photographs of LGBTQ (LesbianGayBiTransQueer) persons in Jerusalem, with quotes from the three Abrahamitic Holy Scriptures condemning homosexual activities and behaviours. MoWC held dialogues with religious persons. Although no-one wanted to stop the exhibition, many were critical of the artist's mixing of Holiness and Nudity/Sexuality. The Museum was criticized for bending to fundamentalist pressure, assuming that it had plans to stop the exhibition, and a media debate on censorship and freedom of speech followed. This paper analyzes the situatedness of MoWC, and its discursive belonging. How can a state governed institution deal with legitimate and opposing claims, and counter both heteronormativity and islamophobia? What discourses is the Museum institution inscribed in? What power relations follow from that? Is it, due to historic, bureaucratic, and cultural legacies, tied to certain positions and affiliations in the public space?


Piroxicam was administered to beagle dogs intravenously and orally at a dose rate of 0.3 mg/kg bodyweight. It had an elimination half-life of 40.2 hours, a volume of distribution of 0.29 +/- 0.02 litres/kg and a body clearance rate of 0.066 litres/hour. When administered orally it was 100 per cent bioavailable and maximum plasma concentrations were achieved quickly (3.1 +/- 1.0 hours). Piroxicam inhibited the generation of thromboxane B2 in the blood of dogs by more than 70 per cent and more than 50 per cent inhibition was maintained in most animals for 48 hours.


Abstract Ferreira, ABdM, Ribeiro, BLL, Batista, EdS, Dantas, MP, and Mortatti, AL. The influence of different training load magnitudes on sleep pattern, perceived recovery, and stress tolerance in young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 37(2): 351–357, 2023—The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of 3 weeks on sleep parameters, perceived recovery, and stress tolerance in young soccer players using different training load magnitudes. A total of 13 young male soccer athletes (15.9 ± 0.5 years; 68.7 ± 6.1 kg; 170 ± 7 cm) who performed 3 typical training weeks with different workloads were analyzed. The external training load (ETL) was verified by the PlayerLoad method, and the internal training load (ITL) was determined using the session rating of perceived exertion method. Sleep was monitored using a wrist-actigraphy monitor. Sleep variables, including total time in bed (TTB), total sleep time (TST), sleep latency (SL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep efficiency (SE), were evaluated across all nights of sleep. The recovery status was assessed with the perceived recovery status (PRS) scale, and the stress tolerance was monitored using the "daily analysis of life demands of athletes" questionnaire. There was an increase in sleep time during the week with the highest training load (week 2) (TTB: +35 minutes, TST: +46 minutes, SL: −5 minutes, SE: +3%). There was no difference in the PRS or in the stress tolerance during the evaluation weeks. A very large within-individual correlation was observed between ITL and ETL (r = 0.78) and moderate within-individual correlation between ETL and TST (r = 0.34), between ITL and TST (r = 0.45), and between ITL and SE (r = 0.359). These results showed that there was an increase in TST during a microcycle with intensified loads, without impairing bedtime and resulting in maintenance of the perceived recovery or stress tolerance values.


The boom of WWW-based social network service (SNS) warrants more studies and better understandings in many aspects, especially when such hedonic application has evolved differently in different countries. The development of SNS in the US, China and South Korea have been particularly interesting. Whereas U.S. SNS websites enjoy the first mover advantage, their followers in different cultural settings are trying to re-create the prosperity in their own domains. An analysis of the challenges and potentials of SNS in these countries is presented, along with a discussion of SNS research across different cultural settings. It is believed that in addition to marketing factors, socio-economic structure and cultural influences also play a critical role in promoting SNS website.


We study the low-temperature transition of polymers with attractive nearest-neighbor interactions on a square lattice. Measuring the specific heat obtained by using the exact number of possible conformations for each energy value, we find a peak in the low-temperature region, distinct from the peak corresponding to the coil-globule transition. We find that the low-temperature peak becomes prominent for specific polymer lengths called the magic lengths, for which the ground state forms a square or a rectangle. The low-temperature peaks for magic lengths are more intense than those for other lengths and appear at lower temperatures.