OBJECTIVE
To sum up the studying course and latter development of repair of injury of growth plate.

METHODS
Recent original articles about repair of injury of growth plate were extensively reviewed, focused on the progresses in understanding repair of injury of growth plate and comparison of several major reparative methods.

RESULTS
Repair of injury of growth plate is a great difficulty in experimental study and clinical treatment of pediatric orthopedics. Graft of free growth plate and cartilage were unfavorably used because of lack of blood supplement. Although graft of vascularized growth plate solved circulation problem, both two kinds of grafts were involved in limitation of donor and immunologic reaction. Non-cartilaginous tissue and material could only prevent formation of bony bridge in small defect of growth plate and lacked ability of regenerative repair. Transfer of tissue engineered cartilage might be the best choice for repair of injury of growth plate.

CONCLUSION
Considering source of transplanted material, reparative effect and adverse reaction, repair of injury of growth plate with tissue engineered cartilage deserves further investigation.


A resurgence of interest in Madelung's deformity has developed recently because of improved operations for correction of the deformity, identification of the genetic loci for the condition in certain syndromal variants, identification of an anterior ligamentous structure tethering the carpus, and preventive treatments in growing children. The process is reviewed in this article and a new surgical technique is presented. The procedure is performed by way of an anterior incision that is more cosmetically appealing. The release of an anterior ligamentous structure described by Vickers is performed simultaneously with a dome shaped osteotomy of the radius. The fragments, once alignment is corrected, are stabilized with temporary pin fixation and a long arm cast until the bone has healed.


This article presents a new model for the exploitation of the different levels of parallelism in general purpose processor based workstations in the framework of multimedia applications. It is called the GEMS model, standing for gain, effort, management and size. It is used to study the intra-processor parallelism including instruction level and data level parallelism, inter-processor parallelism ranging from shared-memory multiprocessors to distributed memory clusters and system level parallelism like input/output operations and the exploitation of external resources. The aim of this work is to help a programmer writing a multimedia application in choosing which level of parallelism will help to speed up the application and how to partition the application into small tasks to obtain the highest gain for a given parallelism. Indeed for an efficient implementation it is very important to have a good understanding of the architecture in order to design new algorithms or to optimize an existing application according to features available in PC workstations.


We have developed a new statistical technique for estimating delay fault coverage in combinational circuits. True value simulation is performed for a sample of vector pairs chosen randomly from the test set. Transition probabilities and observabilities are estimated from the simulation data. These allow us to estimate fault detection probabilities per vector pair. Fault models considered are the transition faults, path delay faults, and the longest path delay faults. We analyze the vector sampling error and find a high-confidence lower bound for the detection probability that is used to compute the fault coverage for the entire vector set. Experimental results show that vector sampling can provide a close approximation to other methods. It requires reduced computing resources compared to other statistical methods. The savings over fault simulation is even greater. >


The skid resistance is one of the most important using performances of road surfaces. Based on rubber friction theories, this work presents a theoretical method by which the contributions of the roughness elements to the rubber friction can be evaluated in different wavelength ranges. The optimum texture for skid resistance was determined by this evaluating principle. The outward appearance with the optimal texture was generated numerically based on the measured textures of the materials which are commonly used for road surface layers. The potential roughness characteristics of such optimal textures were found out. The results shed a light on the question, which textural properties of typical materials are optimal in road surface layers for skid resistance. Skid resistance means the influences of the material composition and the geometrical shape of the road on the traction in conjunction with the vehicle tires. A skid resistance measurement concerns only a single combination of test conditions. A theoretical method offers the possibility to determine the coefficient of friction at arbitrary combinations of conditions by simple texture measuring. In this sense, a single skid resistance measurement is only a sample point in the whole image of the skid resistance behavior, while the theoretical method can reproduce the frictional behavior in the whole image. There are two basic physical models in the. In both models, the rubber friction is studied by a uniform movement of the rubber slider on a rigid base. In the first model (Kl üppel and Heinrich, 2000) pure dry contact is considered. To obtain the correct coefficient of friction, a prefactor is required, but it cannot be determined explicitly. The second model (Persson 2001) gives the coefficient of friction in both wet and dry roads in proper order of magnitude. The second model makes more sense and has been used for this work and expanded. The first model was used for comparison. The extended model was adapted to the conditions of different skid resistance tests and used for the determination of skid resistance. The viscoelastic properties of two tire rubber and the particular experimental conditions, the coefficients of friction of the texture data different surfaces were calculated. The calculated results were compared with the corresponding measurement results. The correlations were not very strong, but for all experiments, the model always gave the correct order of magnitude of the coefficient of friction. Aside from the case of ViaFriction measurement, there was always positive correlation. So this model tendencially describes the friction processes in the skid resistance tests. The weak correlations can be attributed to the lack of data regarding the exact viscoelastic properties of the test rubber, the exact conditions of the experiments and partly on the weak data quality of some dark colored and sharp texture. With the physical model, it is possible to analyze the contributions of the texture elements in different wavelength ranges to skid resistance. In the first principle no wavelength is excluded in the integration interval. The different wavelengths are firstly considered equal. However, the texture spectrum by the frequency-dependent loss modulus and the contact function is weighted differently. As was demonstrated by a calculation example, the texture elements contribute with wavelength less than 0.1 mm for a quarter of the total friction. With increasing wavelength, the contribution first falls. According to the model of Klüppel and Heinrich the contribution drops monotonically. According to Persson's model contribution in the millimeter range rises again. This rise is conditioned by the scale-dependent contact function. In summary, all the texture elements are important, while texture elements with wavelength less than 0.1 mm and with wavelength on the order of about 1 mm are decisive. Based on the analysis of texture data of the examined surfaces, a rule has been found in terms of the texture spectrum. With the help of an algorithm random surfaces generated with given spectra under this Rule numerically. Your skid resistance under the standard conditions was estimated with the extended friction model. The highest skid resistance texture comes from the group scattered grains and sandpaper. It has a maximum roughness of 2.85 mm, a root-mean-square roughness of 0.36 mm and a coefficient of friction of 2.27 under the standard conditions. The estimated equivalent grain size is approximately 150 microns. The highest skid resistance texture that is similar to conventional exposed aggregates concrete and asphalt surfaces has a maximum roughness of 2.31 mm, a root-mean-square roughness of 0.30 mm and a coefficient of friction of 0.54 under the standard conditions. It must be noted that only the average particle size or surface roughness makes no skid resistance. A realization of exactly this texture would be helpful to verify the statement. In the future, one can construct the surfaces with the optimum texture directly with new technology. It must also be noted that the optimization of the texture in terms of skid resistance should not interfere with the other surface properties, such as reflection, noise emissions, rolling resistance and so on. In this work, they were not taken into account.


.- We discuss the theoretical approaches to the transport properties of liquid non-simple the scattering potentials are strong. To this category belong liquid transition metals and their alloys, rare earth metals, expanded metallic fluids,etc. For these metals, the picture of nearly free electrons being weakly scattered by neutral pseudo-atoms i s not plausible and accordingly the Ziman theory f o r the electrical resistivity i s no longer justified. Although a naive extension of the original Ziman theory to the strong-scattering systems has been proposed, no satisfactory grounds f o r the so-called extended Ziman formula have been given. It i s required therefore to establish a systematic scheme of studying the transport properties of these metals from f i r s t principles. One promising way t o this end i s t o extend and apply t o the problem the theoretical methods so far developed to examine one-electron properties such as the density of states and spectral functions. In the course of extension, we emphasize the importance of the basic conservation laws such as embodied by the generalized optical theorem. Among various methods, the effective medium approximation (EMA), which has been shown t o be the best single-site theory f o r one-electron properties, also serves as a good f i r s t approximation for the conductivity. The EMA and other theories are applied t o the tight-binding model and the muffin-tin potential model. Horeover, the s-d hibridization model i s appropriate to describe the situation as i s found i n liquid transition metals where the nearly-free s-electrons and the tightly-bound d-electrons a r e both present. Our philosophy underlying these theories and the formulqtions are briefly given, and the appli- carions t o liquid transition metals and expanded mercury are demonstrated.


We present an approach to combine digital fabrication and craft that is focused on a new fabrication experience. The FreeD is a hand-held, digitally controlled, milling device. It is guided and monitored by a computer while still preserving gestural freedom. The computer intervenes only when the milling bit approaches the 3D model, which was designed beforehand, either by slowing down the spindle's speed or by drawing back the shaft. The rest of the time it allows complete freedom, allowing the user to manipulate and shape the work in any creative way. We believe The FreeD will enable a designer to move in between the straight boundaries of established CAD systems and the free expression of handcraft.


This document presents a model to create a University-Industry coworking link, which allows the development of joint projects, products, and services; an organizational model is proposed to be implemented by a higher education institution and allows to create a relationship with the business environment within R+D+i (research + development + innovation) parameters.


Introduction: Isatin is an endogen indole that is found in body fluids and reported as a neuroprotective, anticonvulsant, and sedative agent. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of isatin on left ventricle functions before and after low-flow ischemia in the isolated rat heart. Patients and Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Isatin (I, 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally) was administered in the I and I-atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) groups 20 min before the hearts were placed on the Langendorff apparatus. Serum physiologic was administered to the control (C) and ANP groups. Low-flow ischemia was applied in all groups. ANP (0.1 μM/L) was added to perfusion solution in the ANP and I + ANP groups 15 min before ischemia. Left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and maximum and minimum pressure changes were recorded before and after ischemia. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels were measured in the perfusate in all groups. Results: LVDP and minimum pressure change values of the I group were found to be similar to the C group at 60 min of reperfusion. The level of cGMP in the I group was similar to the C group but lower than the ANP and I + ANP groups before and after ischemia. Conclusion: The administration of isatin prior to cardiac ischemia does not significantly alter cardiac function during the reperfusion period in rat heart. The results of the present study showed that isatin may not appear to have a disturbing effect on cardiac functions after low-flow ischemia.


The paper deals with meteorological radar as a tool to improve meteorological information for aviation. The first theoretical part is devoted to the history of weather forecasting and its gradual improvement. The part describes the current state of the problem in the Slovak Republic and in the world. The next part characterizes the meteorological radar, what it is used for and what is its essence. The following is the division of radars, characteristics of the radar network in Europe and the radar network in Slovakia. In the last theoretical part, attention was paid to the merged maps, their individual products - Maximum, CAPPI 2 km, EchoTop and 1h total precipitation. The last part consists in a practical representation and description of individual maps of the cold, warm and occlusive front over the territory of the Slovak Republic. These maps show how the radar captured the weather, SYNOP reports were also used, which provide a more detailed weather forecast, maps of dangerous phenomena for aviation and maps from the OPERA network.


Independently, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), C‐reactive protein (CRP), and leukocyte count have been shown to predict cancer death. Little is known about the joint impact of CRF and prediagnostic markers of inflammation, particularly leukocyte count and CRP, and their prognostic value with cancer death. The aim of this study was to explore the association between prediagnostic inflammatory markers and CRF with cancer mortality. A population‐based cohort of 2270 men from Eastern Finland with no cancer history at baseline participated in the study. CRP, leukocyte count, and CRF data were among the measures collected at baseline. Blood leukocyte count was measured with a cell counter, and serum CRP concentrations were measured using an immunometric assay. The highest value or plateau of directly measured oxygen consumption by a respiratory gas analyzer during an incremental exercise test to exhaustion was used to describe CRF. Over an average follow‐up of 22 years, 272 cases of cancer mortality occurred. In a multivariate model, the joint impact of high leukocyte count (>5.40 × 109/L) and low CRF (VO2max < 30.08 mL kg−1 min−1) had a 1.85‐fold (95% CI 1.30‐2.63, P < .01) increased risk for cancer death compared to men with low leukocyte count (<5.40 × 109/L) and high CRF (VO2max > 30.08 mL kg−1 min−1). The joint impact of CRP and CRF shared no association with cancer mortality in a multivariate model. The joint impact of high leukocyte count and low CRF increases risk for cancer death, suggesting it is a better predictor of cancer death compared to the joint impact of CRP and CRF.


A novel electrode-arc-weld pool model considering the influence of the backside keyhole deviation on the heat source distribution, the influence of the keyhole constraint on the arc pressure and the keyhole geometry dependent plasma shear stress, is developed to study the keyhole formation in the KPAW process. The numerical and experimental results show that: the keyhole depth increases very quickly at first, then smoothly, and then quickly again. In the blind keyhole stage, the arc pressure deepens the keyhole. The plasma shear stress facilitates the fluid flow along the rear keyhole wall and decreases the curvature of the keyhole. The process between the weld pool penetration and the keyhole penetration is defined as the blasting penetration stage, in which the molten bridge under the arc is quickly broken. The pressure balance and mass conservation mechanisms are proposed to be responsible for the blasting penetration. The low melting temperature, low surface tension and bottom surface deformation promote the blasting penetration, while the high thermal conductivity suppresses the blasting penetration. In the penetrated keyhole stage, two contrary convective eddies are found inside the weld pool. At the top surface of the weld pool, the molten metal flows upward and backward near the keyhole, but obviously flows forward at the rear part of the weld pool. At the bottom surface of the weld pool, the molten metal flows downward and backward.


Background: Genetic characterization of all AML patients at presentation is nowadays regarded as mandatory to determine treatment choices. In Iraq no previous study on genetic level that determine the frequency of NPM1mutations in adult AML patients was previously done and for this reason the current study was designed. Methods: Thirty two adult AML patients in addition to 15 healthy were enrolled in this study. The AML cases were classified according to the FAB classification. Molecular analysis for nucleophosmin mutations was done using Single Strand Confirmatory Polymorphism- Reverse transcriptase- Polymerase Chain Reaction with specific primers. Results: The NPM1 mutations were found in 46.88% of adult AML patients , whereas the control group showed absence of these mutations. The NPM1mutations were detected non significantly in older age and female gender AML patients, (P>0.05). Furthermore; patients with the NPM1 mutations showed lower blast cell % and higher platelet count as compared to non mutated cases, and were mainly FAB M1and M3, (P>0.05). Moreover, higher failure rate of induction therapy was found in adult AML patients without NPM1 mutations 55.55% as compared to NPM1 mutated patients 44.44% , but this finding was not significant, (P= 0.453). Conclusions: Molecular detection of NPM1 mutations in Iraqi adult AML patients was reported for the first time where the frequency of NPM1 mutations in adult AML patients was higher than that reported in different studies worldwide. NPM1 mutations were associated with good prognostic factors in AML as female gender, lower blast cell percent and higher rate of response to induction therapy thus , this mutation is can be considered in risk stratification of AML patients.


Femtosecond magneto-optical pump-probe measurements of ultrafast demagnetization show an intriguing difference in the first 100 fs of the magneto-optical Kerr response depending on whether the polarization of the pump and probe beams are in parallel or perpendicular configuration (Bigot et al 2009 Nat. Phys. 5 515). Starting from a most general relativistic Hamiltonian we focus on the ultra-relativistic light-spin interaction and show that this coupling term leads to different light-induced opto-magnetic fields when pump and probe polarization are parallel and perpendicular to each other, providing thus an explanation for the measurements. We also analyze other pump-probe configurations where the pump laser is circularly polarized and the employed probe contains only linearly polarized light and show that similar opto-magnetic effects can be anticipated.


Inflammation is a hallmark of cancer, especially in the infection-associated cancer. IL-1β, a major proinflammatory cytokine in tumor milieu, is regulated by inflammasome in response to pathogen and damage. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a cancer prominent in Taiwanese population and is closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. We have examined the AIM2 inflammasome expression in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated NPC tissues. We found that the AIM2 inflammasome is overexpressed in tumor cells and significantly correlated with better local-recurrence- and disease-free survival of NPC patients after treatment. In addition, the AIM2 inflammasomes was induced by dsDNA in NPC cells, which could be inhibited by caspase inhibitor. The new findings in this study may open a new direction for future therapy or drug development for cancer by inflammation modulation.


Context. XY Ari is the only intermediate polar to show deep X-ray eclipses of its white dwarf. Previously published observations with Ginga and Chandra have also revealed a broad X-ray orbital modulation, roughly antiphased with the eclipse, and presumed to be due to absorption in an extended structure near the edge of an accretion disc. The X-ray pulse profile is generally seen to be double-peaked, although a single-peaked pulse was seen by RXTE during an outburst in 1996. Aims. We intended to investigate the cause of the broad orbital modulation in XY Ari to better understand the accretion flow in this system and other intermediate polars. Methods. We observed XY Ari with RXTE and analysed previously unpublished archival observations of the system made with ASCA and XMM-Newton. These observations comprise six separate visits and span about ten years. Results. The various X-ray observations show that the broad orbital modulation varies in phase and significance, then ultimately disappears entirely in the last few years. In addition, the X-ray pulse profile shows variations in depth and shape, and in the recent RXTE observations displays no evidence for changes in hardness ratio. Conclusions. The observed changes indicates that both the pulse profile and the orbital modulation are solely due to geometrical effects at the time of the RXTE observations, rather than phase-dependent variations in photoelectric absorption as seen previously. We suggest that this is evidence for a precessing, tilted accretion disc in this system. The precession of the disc moves structures out of our line of sight both at its outer edge (changing the orbital modulation) and at its inner edge where the accretion curtains are anchored (changing the pulse profile).


Two novel Sitagliptin (STG) selective electrodes were investigated with di-octyl phthalate as a plasticizer in a polymeric matrix of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Sensor 1 was fabricated using β-cyclodextrin, while sensor 2 was constructed using calix-8-arene as ionophores. Linear responses of STG within the concentration ranges of 10−7 to 10−2, and 10−8 to 10−2 mol L−1 were obtained using sensors 1 and 2, respectively. Nernstian slopes of 58.57 and 59.88 mV/decade over the pH range of 5-6.5 were observed. The selectivity coefficients of the developed sensors indicated excellent selectivity for STG. The proposed sensors displayed useful analytical characteristics for the determination of STG in bulk powder, different pharmaceutical formulations, and biological fluids (plasma and urine).The two novel electrodes offer the advantage of determination of STG in biological fluids without pretreatment which is convenient for monitoring STG levels in clinical studies.


Abstract CHOI, K.H.; SEONG, Y.B.; JUNG, P.M., and LEE, S.Y., 2012. Using cosmogenic 10Be dating to unravel the antiquity of a rocky shore platform on the west coast of Korea. Shore platforms commonly occur at the base of coastal cliffs on rocky shores. It is generally accepted that they form by the retreat of such cliffs through wave action and weathering processes. Although a handful of previous studies have sought to directly constrain the rate of shore platform development over annual–decadal scales, there remains little consensus on the rate of their long-term (>millennial) evolution, as a result of the complex nature of shielding processes that operate in parallel with variable sea levels. Some platforms show contemporary features; however, the possibility that some features were inherited from the last interglacial or earlier stages always exists. The occurrence of wide shore platforms in resistant rocks is often regarded as evidence of such inheritance because the short stillstands of the Holocene offered insufficient time for the sculpting of extensive platforms on resistant rocky coasts. This study focuses on dating the wide shore platforms, which are common on headlands along the west coast of the Korean Peninsula, based on the abundance of cosmogenic 10Be. This macrotidal coast is dominated by tidal processes with tidal ranges of up to 6 m. The very gently sloping (<2°) shore platform of the study site is up to 150 m wide at low tide and composed mainly of metamorphosed sandstones. Samples for cosmogenic 10Be surface exposure dating were collected along two transects oriented perpendicular to the cliff line. The apparent surface exposure ages of the samples ranged from the Holocene (ca. 4 ka) to the Pleistocene (ca. 148 ka) and increased with increasing distance from the sea cliff along both transects. Given the apparent antiquity and range of the surface exposure ages, it seems likely that this shore platform originated in the Pleistocene, when sea levels were similar to those of today, and that the present shore platform is cutting into its interglacial predecessor.


Most of the existing RGB-D salient object detection methods utilize the convolution operation and construct complex interweave fusion structures to achieve cross-modal information integration. The inherent local connectivity of convolution operation constrains the performance of the convolution-based methods to a ceiling. In this work, we rethink this task from the perspective of global information alignment and transformation. Specifically, the proposed method (TransCMD) cascades several cross-modal integration units to construct a top-down transformer-based information propagation path (TIPP). TransCMD treats the multi-scale and multi-modal feature integration as a sequenceto-sequence context propagation and update process built on the transformer. Besides, considering the quadratic complexity w.r.t. the number of input tokens, we design a patch-wise token re-embedding strategy (PTRE) with acceptable computational cost. Experimental results on seven RGB-D SOD benchmark datasets demonstrate that a simple two-stream encoder-decoder framework can surpass the state-of-the-art purely CNN-based methods when it is equipped with the TIPP.


In this chapter, we discuss how proteins can be used as building blocks for oil gelation. Being amphiphilic, proteins have the potential to structure both aqueous and organic solvents. However, owing to their high hydrophilic nature as a result of their tertiary structure, globular proteins cannot directly be used as a structuring agent for oil. To enhance their dispersibility, first initial protein building blocks are created by heat-induced aggregation, which increases their surface hydrophobicity. A solvent exchange procedure is then used to introduce these protein building blocks into liquid oil. As the samples are continuously present in a wet state during this procedure, the protein aggregates become finely dispersed in the oil, which allows for efficient network formation. Similar to hydrogels, protein oleogels can be obtained with different microstructures, from fine-stranded to coarse, and from transparent to opaque. The mechanical properties can be controlled by the type of network formed and the properties of the initial building blocks. Their properties can vary from hard and very brittle to soft and spreadable. The network formation is governed by a delicate balance of hydrophobic interactions with the surrounding hydrophobic solvent, and interactions of hydrophilic nature between the protein aggregates. As the properties of the protein oleogels can easily be altered, protein have great potential to be used as structuring agents for oil in commercial applications, and may be used in the food, pharmaceutical or cosmetics industries.


Steroid sex hormones modulate the expression of adipocytokines implicated in the pathogenesis of athero-thrombotic cardiovascular disease. We used exploratory factor analysis to search for latent associations between circulating sex steroid hormones, adipocytokines, and cardiovascular risk factors in a well-characterized cohort of postmenopausal women. Among participants in the Rancho Bernardo community study we identified 515 Caucasian women with a mean age of 74+/-8 years and mean body mass index of 24.2+/-3.7 kg/m(2). All had intact ovaries and none was using estrogen therapy. We constructed models aiming for structural clarity and high loading of variables on individual factors. Total adiponectin loaded with major lipid subfractions (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting triglycerides) and with sex hormone-binding globulin. Leptin loaded with central obesity (waist circumference) and fasting insulin levels. Neither adipocytokine loaded with total or bioavailable testosterone or with estradiol or dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Sex hormones consistently loaded together on a separate factor; this co-segregation was not influenced by body mass index. Exclusion of women with diabetes did not alter these observations. In conclusion, we identified evidence of latent associations between adipocytokines and a range of cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women. Our results suggest that cardiovascular risk in older women may be modulated through a hitherto unrecognized association between adiponectin, lipid subfractions, and sex hormone bioavailability.


To clearly understand the formulation of high quality pharmaceutical products, FDA generalized quality by design (QbD) in the field of pharmacy, which is based on the thorough understanding of how materials and process parameters affect the quality profile of final products. Quality by design is a risk management and science-based approach promoted by the United States food and drug administration to enhance pharmaceutical development throughout a product's life cycle. The application of QbD in formulation and process design of nano drug delivery systems is based on a good understanding of the sources of variability and the manufacture process. In this paper, the basic knowledge of QbD, objectives and elements of QbD are briefly reviewed. Tools for QbD implementation in pharmaceutics field, including risk assessment, design of experiment, and process analytical technology (PAT), are introduced briefly. Moreover, the actual applications of QbD in formulation of various nanocarriers are summarized and presented. Keywords: Quality by design, design of experiments, nanocarriers, risk management Cite this Article Daisy Arora, Bharat Khurana, Narang RK et al. Quality by Design (QbD) Approach for Optimization and Development of Nano Drug Delivery Systems. Trends in Drug Delivery . 2016; 3(3): 23–32p.


A 47 year old woman presented with characteristic exertional angina pectoris. She was previously healthy with an active lifestyle. She did not have any cardiac risk factors. Physical examination, chest x ray, ECG, and cardiolyte scan were unremarkable. Symptomatic progression over the following months led to cardiac catheterisation which demonstrated subtotal …


In this paper, we present a linear and reversible language with inductive and coinductive types, together with a Curry-Howard correspondence with the positive fragment of the logic µ MALL : linear logic extended with least fixed points allowing inductive statements. Linear, reversible computation makes an important sub-class of quantum computation without measure-ment. In the latter, the notion of purely quantum recursive type is not yet well understood. Moreover, models for reasoning about quantum algorithms only provide complex types for classical datatypes: there are usually no types for purely quantum objects beside tensors of quantum bits. This work is a first step towards understanding purely quantum recursive types.


Abstract The present work analyses the spatial and temporal variations of the herbivorous fish assemblage on 10 coral reef sites in the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe (French West Indies). The herbivorous fish assemblage was assessed by visual census along band transects; environmental data were collected to determine the relationship between environmental conditions and temporal and spatial variations in herbivorous fish abundance and distribution. Spatial variation in species abundance was related to variation of the benthic cover (e.g., coral and algae), depth, and protection status among sites. Short-term fluctuations of herbivorous fishes on the reef flats were linked to tide, swell, and wind, whereas long-term variations were seasonal and highly correlated to annual water temperature oscillations.


BACKGROUND
Patients with severe obesity (body mass index (BMI) greater than 35 kg x m(-2)) present difficulties for end-tidal carbon dioxide (FE'(CO(2))) monitoring. Previous studies suggest that transcutaneous (TC) carbon dioxide measurements could be valuable, so we compared FE' and TC measures with Pa(CO(2)) in severely obese patients during anaesthesia.

METHODS
We studied patients with severe obesity (BMI >or=40 kg x m(-2)) undergoing gastric bypass surgery. Carbon dioxide was measured with both FE' and TC devices. The difference between each measure (FE'(CO(2)) and TC-CO(2)) and the Pa(CO(2)) was averaged for each patient to provide one value, and data compared with a non-paired, two-way t-test, Fisher's exact test.

RESULTS
We studied 30 adults (aged 18-54 yr, mean 41, SD 8.0 yr; weight: 115-267 kg, mean 162, SD 35 kg). The absolute difference between the TC-CO(2) and Pa(CO(2)) was 0.2 (0.2) (mean, SD) kPa while the absolute difference between the FE'(CO(2)) and Pa(CO(2)) was 0.7 (0.4) kPa (P<0.0001). The bias and precision were +0.1 (0.3) kPa for TC vs arterial carbon dioxide and -0.7 (0.4) kPa for FE' vs arterial carbon dioxide.

CONCLUSIONS
Transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring provides a better estimate of Pa(CO(2)) than FE'(CO(2)) in patients with severe obesity.


A standard additions technique was carried out by spiking standard sterol mixtures onto environmental water filtering glass fibre filters, which were then extracted by supercritical fluid extraction, derivatized into their pentafluorophenyldimethylsilyl ethers and analyzed by gas chromatography using electron capture detection. Calibration curves obtained from directly derivatized sterol standards, and also sterol standards spiked both onto blank filters and filters used to filter environmental water, were all r2 > 0.99 linearity. Spiked sterol recoveries ranged from 80 to 120% with good precision, allowing application of the method to the determination of sterol levels in environmental water samples. For a sample size of 0.5 l, the limit of detection of coprostanol was estimated to be 200 ng l–1. Water from the Prahran main drain outfall in Melbourne was analyzed and the coprostanol concentration was found to be about 400 ng l–1, which exceeds the equivalent primary contact limit (60 ng l–1) for this sterol in recreational waters in Australia.


The present study evaluates the performance of a triple‐effect evaporator with forward feed (TEEFF) system by using exergy analysis based on actual operational data. The orange juice with a capacity of about 1.222 kg s−1 is concentrated from a dry matter (DM) content of 12 to 65% in this TEEFF, which is situated in an orange juice concentrate line installed in a factory, located in Denizli, Turkey. A Visual Basic 6.0 program was also developed to show how the exergetic performance characteristics of the system vary with the feed flow rates ranging from 1.222 to 1.667 kg s−1. The total exergy efficiency of the TEEEFF is found to be on average 0.85. The largest exergy destruction occurs in the first‐effect of the TEEFF system with 48.2% of total, followed by the third and second effects with 32.04 and 19.76% of that. Evaporator performance is also rated on the basis of steam economy, which is obtained to be in the range of 2.05–2.14 under the operation conditions. It is expected that the analysis presented here should provide a designer with a better, quantitative grasp of the inefficiencies and their relative magnitudes in the design, simulation and operation of multiple‐effect evaporators. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Over the last several years the renowned painter Ken Howard OBE RA (b. 1932) has been exploring the Swiss journeys of one of his most illustrious predecessors as a Royal Academician, using J. M. W. Turners travels in the country as his inspiration for an exciting new body of work. This compelling publication contains an authoritative introduction to Turners experience of these breathtaking lakes and mountains by Ian Warrell, some 100 striking new paintings by Ken Howard, numerous photographs of him at work in the Alpine landscape, and a series of appealing commentaries by the artist and Jurg Gabathuler, who has facilitated these Swiss expeditions.


UNLABELLED
It is difficult for current simulation tools to simulate sequence data in a pre-specified pedigree structure and pre-specified affection status. Previously, we developed a flexible tool, SeqSIMLA2, for simulating sequence data in either unrelated case-control or family samples with different disease and quantitative trait models. Here we extended the tool to efficiently simulate sequences with multiple disease sites in large pedigrees with a given disease status for each pedigree member, assuming that the disease prevalence is low.

AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION
SeqSIMLA2_exact is implemented with C++ and is available at http://seqsimla.sourceforge.net.


Products of different origin, time of collection, and activities fall under the general term of colostrum and, therefore, great variability in composition as well as in the concentration of its components has been reported in the literature. In the present study, we describe the standardization of a bovine colostrum derivative and the characterization of its bioactive components. Evaluation of the most representative agents (lactoferrin, transferrin, IL-2, IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor, IgG, and IgA) showed that a marked decrease in active components occurs after the first few hours. Bovine colostrum was, therefore, collected up to the fifth hour after delivery from Holstein cows, in the presence of preservatives, and immediately frozen. A protocol of centrifugation, filtration, and lyophilization was then applied to pools of colostrum from at least 30 cows to obtain a stable, sterile, standardized product. Preservatives were removed by dialysis. Evaluation of the active biological components of colostrum showed that the final product of colostrums contained significant and reproducible amounts of bioactive factors, including cytokines, immunomodulating factors, growth factors, and immunoglobulins. The final product appeared, therefore, as a sterile, pyrogen-free, standardized derivative of bovine colostrum with a high concentration of bioactive components.


A major advantage of microfluidic devices is the ability to manipulate small sample volumes, thus reducing reagent waste and preserving precious sample. However, to achieve robust sample manipulation it is necessary to address device integration with the macroscale environment. To realize repeatable, sensitive particle separation with microfluidic devices, this protocol presents a complete automated and integrated microfluidic platform that enables precise processing of 0.15–1.5 ml samples using microfluidic devices. Important aspects of this system include modular device layout and robust fixtures resulting in reliable and flexible world to chip connections, and fully-automated fluid handling which accomplishes closed-loop sample collection, system cleaning and priming steps to ensure repeatable operation. Different microfluidic devices can be used interchangeably with this architecture. Here we incorporate an acoustofluidic device, detail its characterization, performance optimization, and demonstrate its use for size-separation of biological samples. By using real-time feedback during separation experiments, sample collection is optimized to conserve and concentrate sample. Although requiring the integration of multiple pieces of equipment, advantages of this architecture include the ability to process unknown samples with no additional system optimization, ease of device replacement, and precise, robust sample processing.


In the context of constraint programming, we propose an algorithm solving the following problem: allocate in an equitable and efficient way a finite set of objects to agents each having their own utilities, under admissibility constraints. The algorithm calculates an allocation maximizing the leximin order on the utility profiles of the agents. We also describe the field of application that motivated this work: the sharing of satellite resources. We extract a simple and precise problem of fair allocation, which serves as a basis, thanks to a generator of test sets, for the evaluation of the proposed algorithm. Two implementations of the algorithm are compared, one in "pure" constraint programming, with Choco, the other in mixed linear programming with Cplex.


The brains of 9 infant rhesus monkeys were examined for acute cytopathology following treatment with monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) (6 infants) or NaCl (3 infants). Hypothalamie lesions identical to those described elsewhere in MSG-treated rodents were identified by light microscopy and verified with the electron microscope in each infant monkey given MSG. No cellular pathology was detected in the hypothalami of NaCl-treated controls. Infants given relatively low oral doses of MSG (1 and 2 g/kg) sustained small focal lesions confined primarily to the rostro-ventral aspect of the infundibular nucleus. Those treated with high subcutaneous doses developed lesions which spread throughout and sometimes beyond the infundibular nucleus. At all doses tested (1–4 g/kg) and by either route of administration, rapid necrosis of neurons (within 5 hours) was a striking feature of the MSG-induced reaction pattern. Blood glutamate curves from time of treatment to time of sacrifice (5 hours) suggest that the threshold for lesion formation in 1-week-old rhesus monkeys may be in the range of 20 mg%. Differences in research approach which might account for the failure of others to locate the lesions we describe are discussed as are some of the toxicological implications of our findings.


The purpose of this study was to test whether Yoga exercise, one of muscle relaxation, helps to relieve chronic low back paln. Sample were selected from nurses who were worked at K medical center in the period from March 18 to April 23, 1996. The sample size was fifteen. The research design was one-group pretest-posttest design. To test the major research question, this study had the following procedure. The pretest included measuring individuals' degree of pain and discomfort depending on the scope and types of an range of motion, and their pain by their activity of daily living(ADL). The treatment was conducted twice every other week. The reason why this study had twice observations was to control history effect and maturation which treat internal validity in the research design of this study. In this research design, a treatment was to expose Yoga exercise to samples. The exercise was taken in 30 minutes per day for four days in a week (Two consecutive days and twice every other day). The posttest included re-measuring the individuals' the degree of pain and discomfort, and their pain by their ADL. Several hypotheses concerning effect of Yoga exercise was analyzed by the paired t-test, comparing the difference scores between pre and post tests. The results of this study was as follows. The first hypothesis that the post-treatment group taking the Yoga exercise had the pain score lower than the pre-treatment group was supported(t=3.31, p=.005). The second hypothesis that the discomfort score of the post-treatment group had lower than does that of the pre-treatment group was supported(t=2.75, p=.016). The third hypothesis that the post-treatment group had the pain score by ADL lower than does the pre-treatment group was supported(t=5.52, p=.000). In summary, this study examined the effect of a yoga exercise, one of muscle relaxation, on those who were suffered from chronic low back pain. The effect measured by the degree of pain and discomfort with a visual analog scale was statistically significant. The degree of pain according to postures in ADL also showed statistical significance. These findings showed that a yoga exercise was effective to alleviation of chronic low back pain. A pretest-posttest control group design, however, needs to get more accurate results since the design satisfies Internal validity. Consequently, yoga as an exercise cure improves an interaction between muscles and articulations, and performance of ADL for those suffered from chronic low back pain. Furthermore, this positive impact may be an effective method as nursing intervention for their physical, mental, emotional, social, and psychological recovery.


Little is known about the reactivity of strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reagents with inorganic azides. We explore the reactions of a variety of popular SPAAC reagents with sodium azide and hydrozoic acid. We find that the reactions proceed in water at rates comparable to those with organic azides, yielding in all cases a triazole adduct. The azide ion's utility as a cyclooctyne quenching reagent is demonstrated by using it to spatially pattern uniformly doped hydrogels. The facile quenching of cyclooctynes demonstrated here should be useful in other bioorthogonal ligation techniques in which cyclooctynes are employed, including SPANC, Diels-Alder, and thiol-yne.


A visually literate person's lexicon for interpreting visual statements, without regard to medium, could include an eclectic array of possibilities. Some definitions and demonstrations of the various approaches are presented. The premodern, or connoisseur's approach, is characterized by a central concern with the assessment of quality, and such assessment was predicated on a deep conviction of a hierarchical aesthetic. The connoisseur's approach encompasses the study of iconography with traditional symbolism and traditional social interpretations. A modern, or structural, analysis entails looking beyond subject matter to the underlying structure of a visual statement. Modern art has celebrated structure and pure form as an end in itself. Postmodernist thought rejects structure especially, along with most previous approaches to interpreting visual statements. As visual communication becomes more important, semiotics, hermeneutics, and deconstruction are increasingly advocated. Whatever the approach, the examination of the visual statement leads to better understanding and appreciation of a broader range of visual statements. (Contains 22 references.)


Objective: The purpose of this study is to present our patients with ISSHL and to assess the shape of the audiogram and the recovery incidence of the patients. Methods: 28 patients who were referred to our clinic under diagnosis as idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss during two years (between 2004 2006) were included in the study. Routine audiological evaluation was performed to all patients. Shape of initial audiograms was classified in 3 groups: (1) flat audiogram; (2) upsloping audiogram; (3) downsloping audiogram. Differences in PTA and WDS between pre and post-treatment were calculated to assess the recovery of hearing. Results: In this study, recovery rate was high in each of the three groups. There was no difference in the recovery rate between the groups. There was no relation between recovery and early referral to therapy. The groups were very small for statistical analysis. Conclusion: It is necessary to enlarge the study group to compare the effects of the factors on idiophatic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.


Introduction/Background The human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most important sexually transmitted infections in the world due to its health implications. Systematic vaccination against HPV is currently considered the most effective intervention for the control of infection and prevention of the disease burden associated with HPV. The aims of this study were to estimate the knowledge about HPV infection and the prevalence of adult women who received a vaccine to prevent HPV in our population. Methodology A transversal descriptive design was carried out in adult women between 18 and 60 years old from the island of Gran Canaria (Spain) through a questionnaire with 10 questions about HPV and vaccines. 538 women participated anonymously and voluntarily. Results The average age was 40 years. The 89.9% had heard about HPV. The 10.1% say they do not know anything about HPV. The 92.6% mentioned that the main route of transmission is through sexual contact. The 76.2% think that HPV has a cure. 10.5% reported having had HPV infection at some point in their lives. The main means of information are through a health professional (31.4%), through friendships or family (29.1%) and through television (18.2%). 68.4% were aware of the existence of HPV vaccines, however only 9.5% reported having been vaccinated. Conclusion Despite the dissemination of information, there is still part of the population that has not heard about HPV or that lack knowledge about its form of infection. Knowledge is a key point to increase vaccination rates, and health care providers play an important role in providing information on HPV prevention. Disclosure Nothing to disclose


New ligand i.e. 3-hydroxy-4--((5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)diazenyl)-2-naphthoic acid (DAPOBA) was synthesized by diazotization reaction of diazonium salt of 2-Amino-5-phenyl-[1,3,4]-Oxadiazole (APO) and Bon acid (BA). The synthesized novel ligand was further investigated by means of their physical properties, elemental analysis and spectral studies. The transition metal chelates of DAPOBA were prepared and characterized by metalligand (M:L) ratio and IR spectral studies. Furthermore, geometry of metal chelates confirmed through the reflectance spectral study and magnetic values. The antifungal activity of DAPOBA and its metal chelates was examined against various fungi shows clear enhancement in the activity of metal chelates upon coordination


The paper presents data on changes in model biomembranes (liposomes, erythrocyte shadows, erythrocytes) used as test objects to determine those ranges of concentrations of biologically active substances in which there is no violation of the structure or function of experimental objects. Melaphene, plant growth regulator used in small doses in seed pre-treatment, and antioxidant phenosan derivatives, phenoxane and IHFANs, have been used as biologically active substances. It was shown by DSC that phenosan derivatives at concentrations equal to 10-5 M and higher destroy the microdomain organization in the bilayers of phospholipid multilamellar liposomes and reshape protein microdomains in the shadows of red blood cells. Melaphene in small and large concentrations changes polymodal the microdomain organization in the bilayers of phospholipid multilamellar liposomes without destroying the structure and does not affect the protein microdomains in the shadows. An increase in the membrane permeability in isolated intact erythrocytes in the presence of melaphene in large and small concentrations has been revealed by means of spectral anaslysis. The method of small-angle diffraction scattering showed the absence of the effect of melaphene in a wide range of concentrations on the thickness of phospholipid bilayers and the order of their packaging in multilamellar liposomes.


A growing body of research explores the influence of involuntary criminal justice contact on political participation, demonstrating that all types of contact weaken political participation. We posit, however, that personal connections to civil society organizations (CSOs) moderate the negative effects of involuntary criminal justice contact on political participation, particularly political activism beyond registering to vote and voting. We test this proposition with individual-level and aggregate-level data from metropolitan and municipal Chicago. Our findings confirm a paradox of participation by custodial citizens. One, we demonstrate positive, statistically significant, and substantive effects of personal connections to CSOs on nonvoting political participation by custodial citizens. Two, the negative effects of involuntary criminal justice contact on voting participation among individuals and communities may endure, despite personal connections to CSOs, even in a state where the franchise is restored immediately after incarceration. Our study suggests that an associational account of political participation deepens our understanding of the political behavior of custodial citizens and their communities in the age of mass incarceration.


This paper presents the results of the Eurographics 2019 SHape Retrieval Contest track on online gesture recognition. The goal of this contest was to test state-of-the-art methods that can be used to online detect command gestures from hands' movements tracking on a basic benchmark where simple gestures are performed interleaving them with other actions. Unlike previous contests and benchmarks on trajectory-based gesture recognition, we proposed an online gesture recognition task, not providing pre-segmented gestures, but asking the participants to find gestures within recorded trajectories. The results submitted by the participants show that an online detection and recognition of sets of very simple gestures from 3D trajectories captured with a cheap sensor can be effectively performed. The best methods proposed could be, therefore, directly exploited to design effective gesture-based interfaces to be used in different contexts, from Virtual and Mixed reality applications to the remote control of home devices.


Twenty-three oils produced from reservoirs within the Ordovician Galena Group (Trenton equivalent) and one oil from the Mississippian Ste. Genevieve Limestone in the Illinois and Indiana portions of the Illinois basin are characterized. Two end-member oil groups (1 and 2) and one intermediate group (1A) are identified using conventional carbon isotopic analysis of whole and fractionated oils, gas chromatography (GC) of saturated hydrocarbon fractions, isotope-ratio-monitoring gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (irm-GC/MS) of n-alkanes ranging from C15 to C25, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of the aromatic hydrocarbon fractions. Group 1 is characterized by high odd-carbon predominance in mid-chain n-alkanes (C15-C19), low abundance of C20+ n-alkanes, and an absence of pristane and phytane. Group 1A is characterized by slightly lower odd-carbon predominance of mid-chain n-alkanes, greater abundance of C20+ n-alkanes compared to group 1, and no pristane and phytane. The carbon isotopic composition of n-alkanes and the distribution of n-alkylarenes for groups 1 and 1A indicate that these oils were generated from strata containing abundant Gloeocapsomorpha prisca. In contrast, group 2 is characterized by low odd-carbon predominance in mid-chain n-alkanes, moderate abundance of C20+ n-alkanes, and the presence of pristane and phytane. The Mississippia -reservoired oil is characterized by low odd-carbon predominance in mid-chain n-alkanes and greater abundances of C20+ n-alkanes, pristane, and phytane compared to group 2. Distributions of isoprenoidal alkylarenes (aryl isoprenoids) for group 2 and the Mississippian-reservoired oil are similar, suggesting that aryl isoprenoids fail to provide a diagnostic characteristic that can be used to precisely correlate oils and source rocks. Conventional correlations of oil to source rock based on carbon isotopic-type curves and hopane (m/z 191) and sterane (m/z 217) distributions are of limited use in distinguishing Ordovician-reservoired oil groups and determining their origin. Oil to source rock correlations using the distribution and carbon isotopic composition of n-alkanes and the m/z 133 chromatograms of n-alkylarenes show that groups 1 and 1A originated from strata of the Upper Ordovician Galena Group. Group 2 either originated solely from the Upper Ordovician Maquoketa Group or from a mixture of oils generated from the Maquoketa Group and the Galena Group. The Mississippian-reservoired oil most likely originated from the Devonian New Albany Group. The use of GC, irm-GC/MS, and GC/MS illustrates the value of integr ted molecular and isotopic approaches for correlating oil groups with source rocks.


Narcissistic personality disorder which closely associates with egocentrism –a personality characteristic in which people see themselves and their interest and opinions as the only ones that really matters. Narcissist personality disorder characterized with unstable and intense emotions, overly preoccupied with vanity, prestige, power and personal adequacy, lack of empathy, and an exaggerated sense of superiority. According to Freud the narcissist's Ego is weak, disorganized and lacks clear boundaries. Many of the Ego functions are projected. The Superego is sadistic and punishing. The Id is unrestrained. In this paper the researcher, tried to detect the narcissistic personality futures of the three biggest party leaders in Turkey. For that, researcher review the speeches made by the leaders in different settings which take place in Turkish newspapers in between first of October 2015 to the end of February 2016.


For children to grow normally, there are many parental caregiving behaviors related to food that are essential to ensuring adequate nutritional intake: obtaining and selecting foods that meet nutritional requirements, preparing them safely and in a form that is appropriate for the child's age, and feeding them in a manner that encourages adequate intake. To engage in these critical caregiving behaviors, parents need access to the foods their children require; fuel, water, and other materials to prepare and preserve these foods; and the time and energy to carry out the activities. They also need knowledge. These are essential underpinnings of nutrition and health-giving behaviors, and the prerequisites for child health and well-being. Because caregiving behaviors are the links between resources, knowledge, and child health, programs that seek to improve child health and nutrition must, by definition, change caregiving behaviors. Programs that aim to improve child outcomes by improving childcare behaviors are collectively referred to as behavior change communication (BCC) programs.


An oscillating body apparatus comprises an oscillating plate oscillatably supported around a torsion axis by a support portion for a fixing portion and driving the oscillating plate around the torsion axis by a resonance frequency, the oscillating plate having a region forming a groove portion for adjusting a mass of the oscillating plate, and, the resonance frequency being configured to be adjustable by the formation of the groove portion in the region.


The teratogenicity of trans-2-ene-valproic acid (300 and 400 mg/kg) was compared with that of valproic acid (VPA; 300 mg/kg) and controls (corn oil) administered by gavage to Sprague-Dawley CD rats on embryonic (E) days 7-18. At the 300 mg/kg dose, trans-2-ene-VPA produced no change in maternal weight, number of implantations, proportion of resorptions, proportion of malformations, or fetal weight. By contrast, the same dose of VPA (300 mg/kg) reduced maternal weight during gestation, increased malformations (12.0% vs. 0.7% in controls), and reduced fetal body weight by 25.1%. An even higher dose of trans-2-ene-VPA (400 mg/kg) produced a reduction in maternal body weight during treatment and reduced fetal body weight (by 7.9%), but did not increase resorptions or malformations in the fetuses. On day E18, maternal serum drug concentrations of VPA were higher in the VPA-treated group compared with those of trans-2-ene-VPA in the trans-2-ene-VPA-treated groups at 1 hr posttreatment. At 6 hr posttreatment the reverse was seen. trans-2-ene-VPA may be absorbed more rapidly and distributed differently than VPA. Overall, the data support the view that trans-2-ene-VPA at equal or higher doses than VPA is not teratogenic in rats.


In Germany, as elsewhere, couples and individuals suffering from unwanted childlessness have two principal means to overcome it. One, adoption, has existed and been quite heavily regulated for centuries. The other, assisted reproduction, has only recently come into its own and has not yet been comprehensively dealt with by the German legislature.This monograph provides a survey of adoption and assisted reproduction as alternative (non-coital) ways of establishing parent-child relationships in Germany. Part 1 on adoption sets out the current regulatory framework and discusses a number of recent 'hot topics,' including adult and stepparent adoptions.Unlike for adoption, there is little state regulation for assisted reproduction in Germany. Most of the complex legal issues are dealt with by professional self-regulation and ordinary family-law rules. Part 2 sets out what forms of assisted reproduction are currently permitted; who has access to them; and how parental status is allocated. It also discusses the child's right to know its genetic origins; the risks to donors; and the implications of 'reproductive tourism.'


Chylous ascites is a rare clinical condition and especially rare as a complication of surgical intervention. Its pathophysiology is poorly understood. We report a case of chylous ascites following aortic femoral bypass managed by conservative approaches involving multiple paracenteses, dietary restriction of fat and parenteral nutrition. We suggest that cases of surgically induced chylous ascites which do not respond to conservative treatment within a few weeks should have a laparatomy to close the fistula.


Requirements and requirements for registering for land rights transfer before and after the existence of INPRES No.01 of 2022 concerning Optimization of the Implementation of the National Health Insurance Program and the implementation and correlation of the BPJS Health Card to land rights transfer registration. The research method in writing this thesis is penelitian normative law, namely legal research using secondary data as the main material obtained from library research, and supported by information obtained in the field. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that: a transfer of land rights that do not use the card of the social security organizing agency, based on the theory of legal work. this is what drives that the theory of legal work in terms of transfer of rights that requires the use of Social Security Administration cards is ineffective;  b.  The transfer of land rights due to sale and purchase is carried out to obtain legal certainty for those who buy a plot of land. certainty of the identity of the owner of the piece of land registered with the Ministry of Agrarian and Spatial Planning / local national land office.  However, for the reason of Optimizing the Implementation of the National Health Insurance Program, the BPJS Health Card is used as a requirement to register land rights due to buying and selling


Nesting preference for areas cleared of woody debris over areas cluttered with such debris was indicated by more nesting in cleared areas at the beginning and end of the breeding season, and more spawning activity in cleared areas. During heavy nesting, however, no preference was observed due to the density-dependent constraint of a high breeding population limiting available nesting space. This lack of difference in nesting densities at peak times indicates that breeding density cannot be enhanced in pumpkinseed sunfish by the creation of additional environmental boundaries. Nest density was influenced by the type of substrate of the site. In cluttered sections, nest diameters and distances to nearest cover were less than, and nearest neighbor distances not significantly different from, those in cleared sections.


Robert A. Vogeler, an American businessman, served seventeen months in a Hungarian prison after being found guilty of espionage and economic sabotage. During his detainment and imprisonment, the US government used diplomatic and economic pressure to try to secure his release. Lucille Vogeler, a socialite, used personal diplomacy, the media, and contacts with underworld figures in Austria to pressure the US and Hungarian governments to release her husband. After their return to the US in 1951, the Vogelers became prominent critics of the Truman Administration's policy of containment and urged their audiences, including many members of the US Congress, to wage a more aggressive campaign to defeat communism. Their experiences illustrate the ways in which the American business community and individual citizens contributed to the formulation of US Cold War policies. The case also illustrates the many ways in which media and public pressure could influence US foreign policy during the early Cold War years. (MMM)


The fluid oscillation between the rigid wall and stratified wave absorber is analyzed in the context of the linearized water wave theory. The stratified wave absorber is composed of multiple horizontal layers considering higher porosity in the surface layer, moderate porosity in the middle layer, and zero porosity in the bottom layer. The study examined the wave motion through multiple horizontally stratified wave absorbers on solving the multilayer dispersion relation. The eigenfunction expansion method is used to form the system of analytical equations using the property of orthogonal mode-coupling relation with continuity of dynamic pressure and velocity at each of the interfaces. The free spacing available between leeward porous wave absorber and the rigid wall is termed as "trapping chamber." The effect of the trapping chamber on wave reflection and fluid force experienced by a rigid wall is discussed. The analytical results formulated for the physical problem are validated with the available experimental and numerical results. The wave trapping is examined and compared for three types of seawalls such as vertical wall, permeable wall, and stepped wall. The change in trapping chamber length shows the harmonic peaks and troughs in the trapping coefficients and the harmonic oscillations help in the design and development of the stratified porous wave absorbers for the protection of marine infrastructure.


The author assessed the effect of leucotrienes B4 and C4 and the calcium ionophore A23187 on the adherent reactivity of mononuclear leucocytes in patients with multiple cerebrospinal sclerosis and in controls. The calcium ionophore A23187 in concentrations of 200 nmol/1 - 5 mumol/1 induced inhibition of leucocyte adherence, depending on the concentration used. This reactivity was, as compared with controls, significantly lower in patients with multiple sclerosis who did not take cortisoid preparations and in patients taking prednisone in doses up to 5 mg/day. In patients treated with higher prednisone doses (20-90 mg/day) the values of the non-adherence index reached values insignificantly higher than in controls. Leukotrienes B4 and C4 (1 nmol/1 - 100 nmol/1 stimulated leucocyte adherence in patients treated with higher corticoid doses, in the remaining patients and in controls they did not influence the leukocyte adherence. The results of the investigation provide evidence of abnormalities of the membrane properties of the mononuclear leucocytes in patients with multiple sclerosis and draw attention to the association of these changes with metabolic chains of arachidonic acid and with calcium ion homeostasis.


Oxidative stress is induced by tobacco smoking and is also associated with exposure to air pollution, which are two of the most important risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to correlate tobacco use and exposure to air pollution with oxidative stress markers useful in clinical practice in patients with COPD. A total of 102 patients were included and the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), malondialdehyde, uric acid and number of packs-years (PY) were determined. Also, six different ratios were used to assess the source of exposure. The results obtained in this study show an admission of pollutants according to smoking status (former smokers/smoker/non-smokers) quantified in average total concentrations for the group of patients with COPD of 4.12 ng/mL, 6.76 ng/mL, 6.04 ng/mL. The six ratios used show that in COPD, the content of PAHs in the blood could be a result of diesel emissions and fuel combustion. Uric acid levels were lower in the smoker group of COPD patients (mean = 5.21 mg/dL), which indicates that oxidative stress is intensified with each cigarette smoked. Additionally, high concentrations of malondialdehyde were quantified for smoking patients diagnosed with COPD (mean = 2.72 µmol/L) compared to former smokers (mean = 2.43 µmol/L) and non-smoking (mean = 2.32 µmol/L) patients, which is another indicator of the implication of smoking in oxidative stress in COPD patients.


Remote visualization of volumetric images has gained importance over the past few years in medical and industrial applications. Volume visualization is a computationally intensive process, often requiring hardware acceleration to achieve a real time viewing experience. One remote visualization model that can accomplish this would transmit rendered images (with dedicated hardware) from the server based on view-point requests from a client. For a given server-client bandwidth, an efficient compression scheme is vital for transmitting high quality rendered images. In this paper, we present a new compression scheme that utilizes the geometric relationship between view-points to exploit the correlation between successive rendered images. The proposed method performs better than AVC, the state of the art video compression standard. Additionally, our scheme obviates motion estimation between rendered images, enabling significant reduction to the complexity of the encoder.


As other countries vigorously promote rapid advancement in science, optimizing the participation of all students in the United States in science is imperative. This study focused on African American students and examined their science achievement in relation to Black Cultural Ethos (BCE), a construct rooted in psychology. Via qualitative and quantitative data obtained from a non-random control group design, the study addressed three questions: (1) With respect to BCE, what characterizes the natural instructional contexts of two middle school science teachers? (2) What characterizes the achievement of African American students in contexts that incorporate BCE and contexts that do not? (3) What achievement patterns, if any, exist in BCE and non-BCE instructional contexts? With regard to the natural contexts, the teachers did not incorporate BCE even when the opportunities were available to do so. Within these non-BCE contexts, the group's mean scores on the study-specific test that aligned with instruction decreased from pretest to posttest with approximately one-third of the students' scores improving. When a context was altered with a moderate effect size of 0.47 to include BCE, the group's mean scores on the aforementioned test increased from pretest to posttest with two-thirds of the students' scores improving. An illustration of the interplay between BCE and context and a consideration of the interplay as a mediating factor in research involving African American students encapsulate the significance and implications of the study's findings. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 45: 665–683, 2008


The efficacy of statin-treatment in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the effects of statin-treatment in non-aneurysmal (na)SAH in accordance with animal research data illustrating the pathophysiology of naSAH. We systematically searched PubMed using PRISMA-guidelines and selected experimental studies assessing the statin-effect on SAH. Detecting the accordance of the applied experimental models with the pathophysiology of naSAH, we analyzed our institutional database of naSAH patients between 1999 and 2018, regarding the effect of statin treatment in these patients and creating a translational concept. Patient characteristics such as statin-treatment (simvastatin 40 mg/d), the occurrence of cerebral vasospasm (CVS), delayed infarction (DI), delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), and clinical outcome were recorded. In our systematic review of experimental studies, we found 13 studies among 18 titles using blood-injection-animal-models to assess the statin-effect in accordance with the pathophysiology of naSAH. All selected studies differ on study-setting concerning drug-administration, evaluation methods, and neurological tests. Patients from the Back to Bedside project, including 293 naSAH-patients and 51 patients with simvastatin-treatment, were recruited for this analysis. Patients under treatment were affected by a significantly lower risk of CVS (p < 0.01; OR 3.7), DI (p < 0.05; OR 2.6), and DCI (p < 0.05; OR 3). Furthermore, there was a significant association between simvastatin-treatment and favorable-outcome (p < 0.05; OR 3). However, dividing patients with statin-treatment in pre-SAH (n = 31) and post-SAH (n = 20) treatment groups, we only detected a tenuously significant higher chance for a favorable outcome (p < 0.05; OR 0.05) in the small group of 20 patients with statin post-SAH treatment. Using a multivariate-analysis, we detected female gender (55%; p < 0.001; OR 4.9), Hunt&Hess ≤III at admission (p < 0.002; OR 4), no anticoagulant-therapy (p < 0.0001; OR 0.16), and statin-treatment (p < 0.0001; OR 24.2) as the main factors improving the clinical outcome. In conclusion, we detected a significantly lower risk for CVS, DCI, and DI in naSAH patients under statin treatment. Additionally, a significant association between statin treatment and favorable outcome 6 months after naSAH onset could be confirmed. Nevertheless, unified animal experiments should be considered to create the basis for developing new therapeutic schemes.


E-101 solution is a first-in-class myeloperoxidase containing antimicrobial solution developed for topical application. The active ingredients in E-101 solution are two enzymes, porcine myeloperoxidase (pMPO) and glucose oxidase (GO) in an aqueous solution and activated by the addition of a glucose solution. Once activated, the reactive species hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorous acid/hypochlorite (HOCl/OCl-), and singlet oxygen (O2) are generated. We evaluated the effect of whole human blood on the performance of E-101 solution compared to commercially available wound antiseptics and commonly used biocides. The wound cleansers NeutroPhase, Microcyn, and Vashe with the active HOCl/OClcomponent were tested according to the USP-51 effectiveness test in the presence of 0, 1, 2 and 5% blood. Comparative time-kill studies against chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine, sodium oxychlorosene were tested in the presence of 0, 2, 5 10, and 20% blood. In the USP-51 test, E-101 solution demonstrated >2 log10 reduction against bacterial and fungal isolates in the presence of 5% blood at days 14 and 28. With the exception of NeutroPhase activity against S. aureus, all comparable wound antiseptics demonstrated <2 log10 reduction in the presence of 5% blood at days 14 and 28. Time-kill microbicidal data observed in the presence of blood demonstrated that E-101 solution was the most active biocide, followed by chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine. The presence of 2% blood completely inhibited the activity of sodium oxychlorosene. In summary, E-101 solution remained active in the presence of blood containing catalase and other substances that competitively react with O2 and HOCl/OCl as a safe and effective wound antiseptic.


American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus)(Reptilia:Crocodilidae) and caiman (Caiman crocodilus)(Reptilia:Alligatoridae) population status, in the Costarican Central Caribbean. Two species of crocodilians have been described in Costa Rica, american crocodile (Crocodylus acutus: Cuvier 1807), and caiman (Caiman crocodilus: Linnaeus 1758). In Costa Rica, data has been generated on both species, but populations in the Pacific have received more attention from researchers; due to the fact that the Pacific slope has a greater development, which brings greater social pressure on the attention of the incidents generated by the encounter between humans and crocodiles. This study, performed during 2017, was done in an area of approximately 400 km2, characterized by having a wide and dense network of water courses, which includes the Matina, Pacuare, Reventazón and Parismina rivers. In these rivers, an average of 25 kilometers were traveled from the coastline up stream to the interior of the territory, including the Tortuguero canals, and other water bodies that connect these rivers, as well as in the most important lagoons and secondary channels. Three repetitions were made per segment. A population of 1084 caimans and 503 crocodiles is estimated; for a relative abundance of 8.64 and 2.80 ind/Km respectively. Speaking of caimans, up to 12% of individuals of reproductive age were observed, while for crocodiles that number was only 2%. The presence of both species in the different places studied, turned out to be significantly different for crocodiles and for caimans (Kruskal-Wallis, p≤0,000). Likewise, the size distribution is similar for crocodiles reported in all environments (Kruskal-Wallis, p≤0.15), while for caimans it indicates that there is a different distribution for sizes, according to the environment in which they are found (Kruskal -Wallis, p≤0,000), with a bias against of the Pacuare and Matina rivers. It was possible to estimate a sex ratio of 1.25 and 0.83 males to females, in crocodiles and caimans respectively, with 9 and 11 captures in that same order, in individuals of recruits, juvenile and subadult sizes. The Matina River and the Jalova Lagoon are the two main sites for the observation of crocodiles, their abundances are lower than those reported for the Pacific of Costa Rica, in whereas caimans, with a more homogeneous distribution throughout the sampling area, have a relative abundance considerably more than that reported in  Honduras (2.2 ind/km), but lower than the 12.5 reported forLa Rambla de Sarapiquí, in the Northern Zone of Costa Rica.


The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and relates to a building block. The building block comprises a longitudinal outer wall and a transverse outer wall which are enclosed to form a hollow thermal insulation cavity, and is characterized in that: the middle part of the longitudinal outer wall is provided with a reinforcing rib which protrudes towards the direction of the hollow thermal insulation cavity; the reinforcing rib and the longitudinal outer wall are enclosed together to form a middle grouting passage which is vertically run-through; the middle grouting passage is symmetrically arranged along a middle vertical plane of the longitudinal outer wall of the building block; and the outer end face of the transverse outer wall is provided with a vertical end face grouting groove. The building block has the characteristics of high self-thermal-insulation capacity, light deadweight, high strength and the like, and has a flat appearance, high integrity and high earthquake-proof capacity after being built; in addition, by matching with a method for building a vertical thermal insulation wall or a thermal insulation wall without mortar joints by applying the self-thermal-insulation earthquake-proof building block, the construction efficiency can be greatly increased, and easiness for standardization, high cost performance and high easiness for guaranteeing the construction quality are guaranteed. The building block can be widely applied to overall maintenance outside a building structure and a bearing structure of a low-rise building, and has extremely broad market prospect.


The Novella Project, a collaboration between a commercial company (Unilever), an international Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) (SNV Netherlands Development Organisation), local NGOs, local businesses, collectors, transporters and processors, aims at developing a strong, effective and sustainable international supply chain for Allanblackia oil. Success of the chain will increase when more local farmers and collectors will find the additional incomes attractive enough to get involved. A strong chain, with clear business opportunities, will encourage the local communities not only to protect the Allanblackia trees, but also to offer similar protection to all trees in the forest, thereby contributing to explicit sustainable forest management and maintenance of biodiversity. Unilever has already shown commitment to developing a sustainable supply chain by offering to support local communities to plant more Allanblackia trees on their farms and closer to the communities. The project's choice to focus on the empowerment of women is strategic as their participation can lead to improved livelihoods and stability of family incomes, which are important objectives of the project. For the commercial partners, including Unilever, a strong market chain is expected to translate into an acceptable return on investment. The chain is in its development stage and is confronted with a number of challenges. The collection of seeds from wild-growing trees in dense tropical forest and low tree density in village areas lead to high transaction costs for collection of the seeds along the chain. Also being a new market chain intense information, education and communication is required over a long period throughout the project areas to transfer knowledge, skills and project information to current and potential supplychain actors. In the complex partnership different interests risk to compete with common defined objectives. There is the challenge of increasing involvement of local businesses and investments in the key areas of the chain. SNV has a crucial responsibility in addressing these challenges by supporting different partners involved in the project.


A simple method is described whereby appropriate equivalent circuits may be developed for transformers and rotating machines. Sections of the magnetic system are represented by analogous electric elements in the equivalent circuit and in this way the effects of magnetic non-linearity are preserved. The assumptions made in the method are those usually made by the designer in reducing the magnetic field of the apparatus to a magnetic circuit. The method is demonstrated by developing equivalent circuits for 3-phase core-type transformers, polyphase induction and commutator machines and synchronous machines of both the round-rotor and the salient-pole type.


We develop and analyze a principled approach to kernel ridge regression under covariate shift. The goal is to learn a regression function with small mean squared error over a target distribution, based on unlabeled data from there and labeled data that may have a different feature distribution. We propose to split the labeled data into two subsets and conduct kernel ridge regression on them separately to obtain a collection of candidate models and an imputation model. We use the latter to fill the missing labels and then select the best candidate model accordingly. Our non-asymptotic excess risk bounds show that in quite general scenarios, our estimator adapts to the structure of the target distribution as well as the covariate shift. It achieves the minimax optimal error rate up to a logarithmic factor. The use of pseudo-labels in model selection does not have major negative impacts.


The purpose of present study was to collect informations on the possible genetic background of glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity in different genotypes, age and sex of chicken, and its correlation with some production traits. Blood samples were collected from six genotypes: Plymouth, Naked Neck Plymouth, Naked Neck New Hampshire, Hungarian Speckled, Transylvanian Naked Neck White, and Hungarian White, aged one-day, 4 wks, 8 wks, 12 wks, at the period of sexual maturity and at the age of the highest egg production. Glutathione peroxidase activity was measured in blood plasma and erythrocyte haemolysate. The enzyme activity in the liver was also measured at day-old age. The results showed that there were significant differences in the glutathione peroxidase activity of blood plasma and erythrocyte haemolysate among genotypes in all age groups. The significant differences were not consequent at different age groups. There were also some significant differences in the enzyme activity of liver among different genotypes. Sex also has a significant effect on red blood cell and blood plasma glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity. Negative correlations were found between glutathione peroxidase activity of blood plasma, erythrocyte haemolysate and liver at day-old age and body weight. Negative correlation was found between GSHPx activity of liver and red blood cells and egg production and significant positive correlation between GSHPx activity in blood plasma and egg production.


Broccolini (Brassica oleracea Italica × Alboglabra) is a hybrid of broccoli and kai-lan, Chinese broccoli. To date, no study has been reported on the chemical composition of the volatile fractions of this raw material. In this study, the volatile constituents from the ethanolic extract of broccolini leaves were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Sixteen compounds were identified. The major components include 5-phenyl-undecane (11%), n-hexadecanoic acid (9.34%), octadecanoic acid (6.39%), 1,1,3-trimethyl-3-phenyl-indan (4.0%), 3-(2-phenylethyl)benzonitrile (3.48%) and phytol (3.37%).


Computerised fleet scheduling systems not only optimise milk collection and distribution, but enable milk suppliers to respond to changing demand. Robert Peel, on behalf of Dynamic Transport Management (DTM), explains how.


Hydrogen absorption behavior and microstructural change of carburized JIS SCr420 steels containing different amounts of retained austenite in rolling contact fatigue were investigated. The thermal desorption analysis confirmed hydrogen desorption at the second-peak between 423 and 623 K after rolling contact fatigue. The hydrogen concentration at the second-peak increased with number of cycles in the rolling contact. This increment was larger when using the steel with higher amount of retained austenite before the fatigue test. It was still large even when the amount of martensitic transformation from retained austenite under cyclic stress to introduce dislocation with trapping capacity was small. The activation energies of desorption for the second-peak hydrogen were calculated to be 50.6 kJ·mol −1 for the steel with 10.4% retained austenite and 55.8 kJ·mol −1 for the steel with 4.9% retained austenite. The activation energies of cathodically charged 0.8%C steels with 10.9% and 6.0% retained austenite, simulating carburized layer before the test, were 36.2 and 42.2 kJ·mol −1 , respectively. This means that the activation energy of hydrogen desorption increased during rolling contact. The absorbed hydrogen during the rolling contact fatigue was likely trapped in more stable trapping sites related to the retained austenite which were formed under cyclic stress.


ASL-1 × LM(TK)- somatic hybrid cells form both H-2a and H-2k antigen complexes. After forming a localized tumor in syngeneic (A/J × C3H/HeJ)F1 mice, they are rejected. Such mice are resistant to otherwise invariably lethal injections of ASL-1 cells, surviving for prolonged and, in some instances, indefinite periods. To examine the basis of immunity, the capacity of spleen cells from mice rejecting hybrid cells to stimulate the release of 51Cr from labeled ASL-1 cells was investigated. Cells from the spleens of mice rejecting ASL-1 × LM(TK)- cells stimulated the release of 51Cr from labeled ASL-1 cells, but not from Ehrlich ascites or P815 cells. Cells from mice injected with mitomycin-C-treated ASL-1 cells led to the release of 51Cr from labeled ASL-1 cells as well, but the extent of 51Cr release was approximately one-third as occurred in the presence of cells from hybrid cell-injected mice. Cells from noninjected mice or from mice injected with LM(TK)- cells failed to lead to the specific release of 51Cr from ASL-1 cells. The presence of unlabeled ASL-1 cells, but not Ehrlich ascites cells, competitively inhibited the spleen cell-stimulated release of 51Cr from labeled ASL-1 cells. Sera from A/J mice injected with mitomycin-C-treated ASL-1 cells contained antibodies specific for the tumor-associated antigen of ASL-1 cells. The specific release of 51Cr from ASL-1 cells stimulated by spleen cells from hybrid-cell injected F1 mice was inhibited by such antisera, but not by H-2a antisera. Treatment of spleen cells from mice injected with hybrid cells with Thy 1.2 antiserum before incubation with 51Cr-labeled leukemic cells reduced the proportion of 51Cr released by approximately one-half. Spleen cells from animals injected with hybrid cells, as well as to a lesser extent from noninjected mice, which are capable of adhering to plastic Petri dishes were active in the cytotoxic reactions as well. Results similar to these were obtained with 51Cr-labeled RADA-1 cells, a radiation-induced leukemia of A/J mice and spleen cells from (A/J × C3H/HeJ)F1 animals injected with RADA-1 × LM(TK)- hybrid cells.


A calculation based on transition-state theory leads to the conclusion that rate accelerations of 10(3)-10(5) could be achieved in an optimally oriented reaction relative to a similar randomly oriented bimolecular reaction. This factor is obtained by the use of partition functions of simplified systems and is based on contributions to rotational and vibrational entropy from reasonable transition states. A simple harmonic oscillator calculation leads to a similar conclusion for series of intramolecular reactions. Although the uncertainty in theoretical calculations of this type is considerable, the results add support to the conclusion based on experimental studies that orientation factors can play a very significant role in the catalytic power of enzymes.


In the study, rubber accelerator tetraisobutylthiuram monosulfide (TiBTM) was synthesized by two-step method with hydrogen peroxide as oxidant firstly. TiBTM was detected and characterized by FTIR, XRD, TG-DSC. Its micro-structure and intrinsic regularity were revealed. Chemical bond types into TiBTM molecule were revealed by FTIR. TiBTM phase composition and structure were given by crystallographic data from XRD detecting such as cell parameters, crystal face index. The phase composition and qualitative identification of TiBTM structure were completed. Two kinds of information were detected by TG-DSC as quality change and thermal effect. TiBTM phase transition and decomposition temperature were 75.1 and 287.0 ℃ respectively. Uhe decomposition temperature of TiBTM was very high, samples possessing with high purity, without other impurities. It could provided reference with research on rubber vulcanizing and multiple functional properties by TiBTM on rubber vulcanizing machine. This study can provide the basis experimental data on the enterprises to designate the working standard tracing detection of TiBTM industrialized production. The best technological conditions and parameters could be provided for the enterprises to adopt cleaner production process of TiBTM. Performance index of TiBTM was judged. The project of TiBTM industry standard can be declared by the enterprises, written a draft standard.


The degree distribution has attracted considerable attention from network scientists in the last few decades to have knowledge of the topological structure of networks. It is widely acknowledged that many real networks have power-law degree distributions. However, the deviation from such a behavior often appears when the range of degrees is small. Even worse, the conventional employment of the continuous power-law distribution usually causes an inaccurate inference as the degree should be discrete-valued. To remedy these obstacles, we propose a finite mixture model of truncated zeta distributions for a broad range of degrees that disobeys a power-law behavior in the range of small degrees while maintaining the scale-free behavior. The maximum likelihood algorithm alongside the model selection method is presented to estimate model parameters and the number of mixture components. The validity of the suggested algorithm is evidenced by Monte Carlo simulations. We apply our method to five disciplines of scientific collaboration networks with remarkable interpretations. The proposed model outperforms the other alternatives in terms of the goodness-of-fit.


BACKGROUND
The hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) plays a major role in cancer progression.

AIM
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential association between HIF-1α C1772T gene polymorphism and glioma risk.

METHODS
We conducted a hospital-based case-control study from China. A total of 300 subjects (150 glioma patients and 150 healthy controls) were recruited in this study. The peripheral blood samples were extracted. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used to test genotypes.

RESULTS
Glioma patients had a significantly lower frequency of CC genotype (odds ratio [OR] = 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.24, 0.91; p = 0.03) and C allele (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.26, 0.91; p = 0.03) than controls. Glioma patients had a significantly higher frequency of CT genotype (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.07, 4.25; p = 0.03) and T allele (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.09, 3.83; p = 0.03) than controls. There were no significant differences in the distributions of HIF-1α C1772T gene polymorphism among glioma patients at different tumor type and stage.

CONCLUSION
This study suggested that CT genotype and the T allele of HIF-1α C1772T gene polymorphism were associated with a higher glioma risk in the Han population of China.


This study aimed to investigate correlation between perceotion workload and work stress in Emergency and ICU nurses in Eka Hospital Pekan Baru. This study using corelation method with cross sectional approach. Total samples were 46 respondents that recruited by total sampling techniques. Instruments used were 35 questions of workload questionnaire and 35 questions of stress work questionnaire. Data analysis were univariate and bivariate with chi Square. Results of the study showed respondents with light workload perception with work stress were 44,4%, 55,6% with no work stress and had heavy workload with work stress were 53,6%,and 46,4% with no work stress. Result of statistic test showed p value was 0,5>α 0,05 it meant that there was no correlation between workload perception of and workstress. It is adviced to ICU and Emergency nurses to improve coping mechanism in dealing with stess at work. Keywords : Perception of workload, work stress,emergency and icu nurses


On October 17, 1998, a series of storms moved across the central and south regions of Texas, dropping up to 22 inches of rain in some areas and spawning several tornados. Sixty Texas counties (24%) reported flooding during October 17-19. Thirty-six counties became eligible for federal and/or state assistance as a result of damages suffered from this storm system during October 17-31. Estimated flood damage was approximately $900 million, including damage to 12,000 homes, 700 businesses, and public property. This report summarizes findings of an epidemiologic investigation of 31 deaths associated with the storm system.


Stokes' infinitesimal-wave expansion for steady progressive free-surface waves has been extended to high order using a computer to perform the coefficient arithmetic. Stokes' expansion has been found to be incapable of yielding the highest wave for any value of the water depth since convergence is limited by a square-root branch-point some distance short of the maximum. By reformulating the problem using a different independent parameter, the highest waves are obtained correctly. Series summation and analytic continuation are facilitated by the use of Padé approximants. The method is valid in principle for any finite value of the wavelength and solutions of high accuracy can be obtained for most values of the wave height and water depth. An alternative expansion procedure proposed by Havelock for the computation of waves short of the highest has been reconsidered and found to be defective.