BACKGROUND Despite a focus on improved prehospital care, penetrating injuries contribute substantially to trauma mortality in the United States. We therefore analyzed contemporary trends in prehospital mortality from penetrating trauma in the past decade. METHODS We identified patients in the The National Trauma Data Bank from 2007 to 2010 ("early period") and 2011 to 2014 ("late period") with gunshot wounds (GSW) and stab wounds (SW), who were treated at hospitals that recorded dead-on-arrival statistics. Multivariable logistic regressions assessed differences in body locations of trauma, prehospital mortality, and in-hospital mortality between the early and late periods. Models accounted for hospital clusters and adjusted for age, pulse, hypotension, New Injury Severity Score, Glasgow Coma Scale, and number of injured body parts. RESULTS From 2007 to 2014, 437,398 patients experienced penetrating traumas, with equal distributions of GSW and SW. There were unadjusted differences in prehospital mortality (GSW: early, 2.0% vs. late, 4.9%; SW: early, 0.2% vs. late, 1.1%) and in-hospital mortality (GSW: early, 13.8% vs. late, 9.5%; SW: early, 1.8% vs. late, 1.0%) by both mechanisms. After adjustment, patients in the late period relative to those in the early period had significantly higher odds of prehospital death (GSWs: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.31–6.22; SWs: aOR, 8.98; 95% CI, 5.50–14.67) and lower odds of in-hospital death (GSWs: aOR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.80–0.90; SWs: aOR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.71–0.92). Sensitivity analyses assessing GSWs and SWs by locations of body injury found similar results. Additionally, patients in the late period were more likely to experience penetrating injuries to the face, spine, and lower extremities. CONCLUSION In the United States, the prevalence of penetrating traumas remains a nationwide burden. The odds of prehospital mortality has increased over fourfold for GSWs and almost ninefold for SWs. Examining violence intensity, along with improvements in hospital care and data collection, may explain these findings. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic and epidemiological, level IV.


For more than three decades, computer graphics researchers have been working to create a photorealistic digital actor. In the Digital Emily project, Image Metrics and the University of Southern California's Institute for Creative Technologies (USC ICT) animated a digital face using new results in 3D facial capture, character modeling, animation, and rendering. The project aimed to cross the "uncanny valley" that divides a synthetic-looking face from a real, animated, expressive person. The key technologies included a fast high-resolution digital face-scanning process using USC ICT's Light Stage capture system and Image Metrics' video-based facial-animation system. The project generated one of the first photorealistic digital faces to speak and emote convincingly in a medium close-up.LED lights turned on. We've described the Light Stage scanning process elsewhere. Unlike earlier Light Stage processes, which photographed the face under hundreds of illumination directions, this newer process requires only 15 stereo photographs of the face under different lighting conditions to capture the face's geometry and reflectance. The small number of photos lets us use off-the-shelf high-quality still cameras (Canon ID Mark Ill's) and shoot each data set in under three seconds using the cameras' burst mode.


Motion estimation is an important part of most video coding schemes because it enables us to exploit the high degree of temporal redundancy present. Though block matching algorithms (BMA) yield coarse and piecewise-constant fields, they are very popular due to their simplicity and low bit overhead. In this paper, we propose to use a more advanced gradient-based technique to overcome the disadvantages of BMA. A dense motion field is estimated and compressed using a hierarchical finite element (HFE) representation, leading to an efficient, highly parallel, iterative, multiresolution optimization algorithm. The scheme also uses multiresolution measurements and a coarse-to-fine strategy to estimate large displacements. At comparable bit rates, the motion fields are much smoother and more natural than those produced by BMA. Coding gains of about 0.6 dB were obtained on Claire. More importantly, substantial visual improvements were obtained, mainly due to improved performance near the edges.


Abstract: In mammals, the excretion of cortisol can provide energy toward restoring homeostasis and is a major component of the stress response. However, chronically elevated cortisol levels also have suppressive effects on immune function. As mounting an immune response is energetically costly, sick individuals may conserve energy by exhibiting certain sickness behaviors, such as declining activity levels. Due to the complex interplay between immune function and sickness behaviors, endocrinological correlates have received growing attention in the medical community, but so far, this subject was investigated rarely. Furthermore, given the complexities of studying illnesses and immunity in natural settings, correlates of sickness behaviors have yet to be studied in non-human primates in the wild. Methods: We measured urinary cortisol levels using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry in a group of wild habituated chimpanzees in Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire, before, during, and after a respiratory disease outbreak (main causative pathogen: human respiratory syncytial virus A, with coinfections of Streptococcus pneumoniae). Changes in cortisol levels were then related to urinary neopterin levels, a biomarker of immune system activation. Results: Urinary cortisol levels were found to be more than 10-fold higher during the outbreak in comparison with levels before and after the outbreak period. Increasing cortisol levels were also associated with increasing neopterin levels. Interestingly, rather atypical patterns in a diurnal decline of cortisol levels were found during infection periods, such that levels remained raised throughout the day. Conclusion: In conclusion, cortisol increase was related to cellular immune response. Our results suggest that cortisol is a mediator of infectious disease pathogenicity through its impact on the immune system and that wild chimpanzees may be facing energetic stress when sick. By monitoring immune challenges in wild-living animals, our study demonstrates that immune defenses have costs and that these costs are context-specific.


This paper focuses on the relationship between voluntary and involuntary reasons for relocation, and the satisfaction with the dwelling and the neighbourhood. We distinguish between voluntary reasons to move and forced reasons to move (demolition or renovation versus divorce). While these separate reasons have been extensively studied in the field of urban regeneration and gentrification, life-course studies, or social psychology, forced reasons are hardly studied in direct comparison. We hypothesize that a forced reason to move, net of other factors, initially has a negative effect on the satisfaction with the new dwelling and the new neighbourhood. However, there may be a positive effect of time: the longer ago the forced move, the more positive the evaluation of the dwelling and the neighbourhood. Furthermore, we investigate the extent to which different forced moving reasons (demolition or renovation, divorce) have different effects on satisfaction with the dwelling and the neighbourhood. The analyses are based on the Dutch Housing Survey (2006). The results show that a forced move due to a divorce initially results in lower satisfaction with the dwelling, but this negative effect disappears after a year. A forced move due to renovation or demolition leads is not of influence on the level of satisfaction with the dwelling. Forced and voluntary movers are equally satisfied with the neighbourhood, depending on the evaluation of the characteristics of that neighbourhood.


Argali sheep Ovis ammon in Mongolia are highly sought by foreign hunters because of their impressive size and long, spiraling horns. To be sustainable, hunting programs must be well managed and have the support of local communities. Argali numbers in Mongolia seems to be declining rapidly due primarily to poaching and competition with domestic livestock, which have increased over the past decade. Laws, regulations, and revenue disbursement associated with argali trophy hunting in Mongolia are described. Argali trophy hunting is lucrative and the number of argali licenses and hunting organizations has been increasing over the past decade. Controversy surrounds the program. This controversy has been manifested in growing local opposition and accusations of corruption by the media. To help address this controversy, we suggest a reform of argali trophy hunting management in Mongolia that will better conserve the argali, as well as enjoy enduring public support. A reformed trophy hunting program should be characterized by 1) openness and transparency, 2) external review and oversight, 3) a mix of top-down and bottom-up authority that enjoys local support, and 4) active and adaptive argali conservation and management using funds generated by trophy hunters.


PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to establish if there is a national consensus on the real estate body of knowledge in Zimbabwe and to benchmark Zimbabwean property programmes with similar curricula accredited by the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) in Africa.DESIGN / METHODS FOLLOWED / APPROACH: Purposive sampling was used to choose participating institutions. Relevant documents were obtained from either websites of selected institutions or requested by email from relevant officials.FINDINGS: The study established that the real estate curricular which is currently offering real estate in Zimbabwe is diverse in nature. However, a closer analysis revealed that the course's content of Zimbabwean property curricula compares well. Also property programmes in Zimbabwe compare well with RICS accredited curricula in Africa but there were notable variations on names of programmes, the number of courses covered and course credits.RESEARCH LIMITATIONS / IMPLICATIONS: This study was limited to real estate programmes which are offered up to Honours degree level in Zimbabwe and similar RICS accredited programmes which are offered in Africa. Results might be different if one considers all RICS accredited real estate programmes.PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Results of this study can be used to justify cooperation of real estate education and professional institutions in working towards standardisation of real estate education curricula in Africa.ORIGINALITY / VALUE OF WORK: Though research on real estate education increased over the past years, this study is the first to consider Zimbabwean curricula in detail. Keywords: real estate, comparison, progress, curriculum, consistency, diversity


A multi-residue method was developed and validated for the quantitation and confirmation of avermectins and moxidectin residues in bovine liver. Target analytes were extracted from liver homogenate using C8 solid phase cartridges, chromatographed under basic pH conditions in order to promote the formation of analyte anions, and detected by ion-trap mass spectrometry (MS) in negative ion mode using an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface (APCI). The method provided detection capabilities (CC beta, where beta = 0.05) for eprinomectin, abamectin, doramectin, moxidectin and ivermectin of 3.1, 3.2, 2.2, 4.0 and 3.2 ng g-1 liver respectively, well below their respective maximum residue limits (MRLs). The critical concentrations for MRL compliance (CC alpha, where alpha = 0.01) were 840, 28, 130, 130 and 130 ng g-1 respectively. Analysis of liver fortified at the appropriate MRLs gave recoveries (% +/- RSD) of 70.9 +/- 11.6 (n = 14), 69.1 +/- 3.9 (n = 13), 65.9 +/- 6.4 (n = 19), 69.7 +/- 9.3 (n = 19) and 73.2 +/- 10.5 (n = 19), respectively, for each analyte. Calibration curves fitted a second order polynomial function (R2 > or = 0.9978) over a wide range of concentrations (0 to 10,000 ng ml-1). The detection of two daughter-ions for each analyte allowed for quantitation and the confirmation of identity. The method is suitable for application in European Union statutory veterinary drug residue surveillance programmes, since it fulfills appropriate analytical criteria, and has the particular advantage of enabling high throughput multi-residue quantitation and confirmation of the target analytes.


The structure of the hexagonal modification of caesium hexaaquamagnesium phosphate has been redetermined from single-crystal X-ray data. The previous refinement from photographic data [Ferrari, Calvaca & Nardelli (1955 ▶). Gazz. Chim. Ital. 85, 1232–1238] was basically confirmed, but with all H atoms located and with all non H-atoms refined with anisotropic displacement parameters. The structure can be derived from the NiAs structure type: the PO4 tetrahedra (3m. symmetry) are on the Ni positions and the complex [Mg(OH2)6] octahedra (3m. symmetry) are on the As positions. The building units are connected to each other by hydrogen bonds. The Cs+ cations (3m. symmetry) are located in the voids of this arrangement and exhibit a distorted cuboctahedral 12-coordination by the O atoms of the water molecules.


We previously demonstrated that our second-generation DNA-based Alzheimer disease (AD) epitope vaccine comprising three copies of a short amyloid-β (Aβ) B cell epitope, Aβ11 fused with the foreign promiscuous Th epitope, PADRE (p3Aβ11-PADRE) was immunogenic in mice. However, since DNA vaccines exhibit poor immunogenicity in large animals and humans, in this study, we sought to improve the immunogenicity of p3Aβ11-PADRE by modifying this vaccine to express protein 3Aβ11-PADRE with a free N-terminal aspartic acid fused with eight additional promiscuous Th epitopes. Generated pN-3Aβ11-PADRE-Thep vaccine has been designated as AV-1955. We also delivered this vaccine using the TriGrid electroporation system to improve the efficiency of DNA transfection. This third-generation DNA epitope vaccine was evaluated for immunogenicity in rabbits in comparison to the parent construct p3Aβ11-PADRE. AV-1955 vaccination induced significantly stronger humoral immune responses in rabbits compared with p3Aβ11-PADRE vaccine. Anti-Aβ11 antibodies recognized all forms of human β-amyloid peptide (monomers, oligomers and fibrils), bound to amyloid plaques in brain sections from an AD case and reduced oligomer- and fibril-mediated cytotoxicity ex vivo. These findings suggest that AV-1955 could represent an effective DNA epitope vaccine for AD therapy, pending safety and efficacy studies that are currently being conducted in Rhesus monkeys.


The basal cover of elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum.) cultivar `Napier' was determined using three methods: line-transect (L), quadrat (Q), and photography (P). Ten samples for each method were collected in a 1,800 m2-plot. Mean values of the basal area for the three methods were 44 %, and no statistic difference (P>0.05) was detected between L and Q and Q and P methods. Differences observed between L and P methods were statistically significant (P<0.05). Determination by the L method (47.6 %) was higher in relation to P (41.7 %) method.


This empirical study is based on qualitative interviews with three generations of ethnic German families, who migrated to Germany after the disintegration of the Soviet Union. The grandparents in these families lived in German settlements until their expulsion to the far East of the SU. Their children grew up in these places of exile in the shadow of their parents' histories, striving to become model Soviet citizens in an effort to escape the stigma associated with their parents' fate. The grandchildren in these families were youngsters at the time of migration to Germany. This thesis explores experiences around migration, post-migration life and integration. It examines these experiences through a framework of (post)- Soviet and German cultural memory, investigating, on the one hand, how in both societies public memory (or the lack thereof), along with social discourses and state policies, have shaped, framed and homogenised this group; and, on the other hand, how memory and the forgetting of the repression of the grandparents shape identity, belonging and intergenerational dynamics today. The memory of the persecution leads people to frame their migration to Germany in terms of homecoming. This homecoming narrative is, however, extremely contentious. Not only has the adoption of this narrative created a hierarchy of migrants, leading to an unequal immigrant society, the idea also exerts social and self-imposed pressures to be perceived as 'authentically German'. Especially younger interviewees often conceal their background by 'passing' for 'real Germans'. These young people appear to follow in the footsteps of the 'generation of parents' who concealed their German backgrounds in the SU. This cross-generational concealing and the underlying shame are often unaddressed. There are still many silences, and very little dialogue across the generations about their traumatic history. All of these aspects make it difficult, particularly for the young, to recognise their complex and diasporic identity.


Current practice in parameter space exploration in euclidean space is dominated by randomized sampling or design of experiment methods. The biggest issue with these methods is not keeping track of what part of parameter space has been explored and what has not. In this context, we utilize the geometric learning of explored data space using modern machine learning methods to keep track of already explored regions and samples from the regions that are unexplored. For this purpose, we use a modified version of a robust random-cut forest along with other heuristic-based approaches. We demonstrate our method and its progression in two-dimensional Euclidean space but it can be extended to any dimension since the underlying method is generic.


In this study, it was aimed to investigate the change blindness that may occur in multimedia learning environments used cueing and signaling effects. For this purpose, a multimedia animation which had some changes about computer parts was designed. Twenty-one undergraduate students participated in the experiment voluntarily. Eye and mouse movements were recorded and analysed with eye-tracking method, and participants were asked to say when they noticed the changes; their voices were simultaneously recorded. The results show that the participants were more focused on the objects being signaled, and less detected the changes in other areas. It is seen that the percentage of detecting the change occurring on the most focused object is low, except for the object using the signaling and visual cueing. The change in the object that was used the signaling and the visual cueing is the most detected change.


This study explores the meanings that 22 men over 75 years attributed to their experience when joining a community exercise programme. Information gathered via interviews was analysed by inductive analysis. Four dominant themes emerged and these provide a framework for representing the findings. All men believed a physical active lifestyle was desirable for well-being and quality of life, although engagement at various levels is strongly influenced by the social construction of ageing and one's personal history. Being physically active via a programme in later life is as much an embodied as a technical endeavour. It is also as much biographical as biological, and for ongoing engagement exercise must be deemed purposeful to self, irrespective of whether or not what occurs is in accordance with the scientific script prescribed for optimal health. Just being 'older' poses a variety of challenges to adopting a physically active lifestyle in the later years, something the men in this study imply needs to be better understood.


The pioneers of flight left a legacy of inventions that changed the world. Unknown to most people, many also left compelling written accounts of their ideas, scientific discoveries, and attempts--both successful and disastrous--to take to the air. Phil Scott presents the first major anthology of these writings. His selections show how humans from Ovid to the Wright brothers and beyond dreamed about flying and puzzled over the principles of physics and aerodynamics that kept birds aloft and men grounded. Their eloquent and incisive writings form a record of scientific curiosity and individual tenacity that will fascinate aviation enthusiasts, historians of technology, and anyone interested in the drama of early flight.Scott begins with Ovid's story of Icarus, who met his legendary fate by flying too close to the sun and melting the wax that held his wings together. He presents accounts of crude medieval experiments and the beginnings of a scientific approach to flight in Renaissance and early modern Italy. He includes a letter from the Marquis d'Arlandes about being aboard the Montgolfiers' famous balloon for the first ever manned flight. The book's main focus, however, is the development of airplanes in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Scott presents scientific notes, letters, patent applications, fund-raising proposals, newspaper reports, journal articles, and personal stories by or about such central figures as Sir George Cayley, John Stringfellow, Otto Lilienthal, Clement Ader, Octave Chanute, Louis Bleriot, Glenn Curtiss, and, in particular, the Wright brothers. We read about the insights that led to propellers and to the shape of the modern wing, the frustrations and dangers of attempting flight, the Wrights' revolutionary technological innovations and their brilliant successes at Kitty Hawk, technical and commercial disputes, and the experiences of early women aviators and the adventurers who made the first long-distance flights.Scott includes an extensive introduction that puts the selections in the context of aeronautical history. "The Pioneers of Flight" is a remarkable resource for anyone who wishes to understand how humans struggled and eventually learned to fly."


Our microscopic stochastic nonlinear Langevin equation theory of activated dynamics has been employed to study the real-space van Hove function of dense hard sphere fluids and suspensions. At very short times, the van Hove function is a narrow Gaussian. At sufficiently high volume fractions, such that the entropic barrier to relaxation is greater than the thermal energy, its functional form evolves with time to include a rapidly decaying component at small displacements and a long-range exponential tail. The "jump" or decay length scale associated with the tail increases with time (or particle root-mean-square displacement) at fixed volume fraction, and with volume fraction at the mean alpha relaxation time. The jump length at the alpha relaxation time is predicted to be proportional to a measure of the decoupling of self-diffusion and structural relaxation. At long times corresponding to mean displacements of order a particle diameter, the volume fraction dependence of the decay length disappears. A good superposition of the exponential tail feature based on the jump length as a scaling variable is predicted at high volume fractions. Overall, the theoretical results are in good accord with recent simulations and experiments. The basic aspects of the theory are also compared with a classic jump model and a dynamically facilitated continuous time random-walk model. Decoupling of the time scales of different parts of the relaxation process predicted by the theory is qualitatively similar to facilitated dynamics models based on the concept of persistence and exchange times if the elementary event is assumed to be associated with transport on a length scale significantly smaller than the particle size.


C: Indeed, in most cases chemists measure the couplings for reporting NMR spectra of their compounds to provide a "fingerprint" type information where there is no need for particularly accurate J-coupling information, and we can't blame them for not spending time on learning how to obtain such information with great precision and accuracy. Of course, if more accurate information is made available at their fingertips they will welcome the new tools.


Christie, M., Hanley, N., (2008). ?Evaluation of heterogeneous preferences for forest recreation using choice experiments?, In: Choice Experiments and Environmental Policy in Europe. Birol, E., Koundouri, P., (Eds), New Horizons in Environmental Economics Series. Edward Elgar: Cheltenham. Contents: Foreword W.L. (Vic) Adamowicz 1. Introduction. Ekin Birol and Phoebe Koundouri 2. Applications of the Choice Experiment Method in Europe: A Review. Ekin Birol, Phoebe Koundouri and Yiannis Kountouris 3. Using Mixed Logit Models to Derive Individual-Specific WTP Estimates for Landscape Improvements under Agri-environmental Schemes: Evidence from the Rural Environment Protection Scheme in Ireland. Danny Campbell, W. George Hutchinson and Riccardo Scarpa 4. Economic Valuation of Environmental Impacts in the Severely Disadvantaged Areas in England. Helen Johns, Nick Hanley, Sergio Colombo and Ece Ozdemiroglu 5. How Can Choice Experiments Inform Public Environmental Policies: A French Case Study of Landscape Valuation. Jeanne Dachary-Bernard 6. Valuing Preferences towards Cultural Landscapes and Rural Heritage: A Perspective from Northern Spain. Maria L. Loureiro and Edelmiro Lopez 7. Latent Market Segmentation Analysis of Choice Experiment Data and Implications for the EU?s GM Labelling Policy? Andreas Kontoleon and Mitsuyasu Yabe 8. Use of Choice Experiments in Assessing the Role of Policy Instruments in Social Acceptability of Forest Biodiversity Conservation in Southern Finland. Paula Horne 9. Value Inference Using Contingent Valuation and Choice Experiments in the Spanish Forests. Pere Riera, Joan Mogas and Jeff Bennett 10. Evaluation of Heterogeneous Preferences for Forest Recreation in the UK Using Choice Experiments. Michael Christie and Nick Hanley 11. Using a Choice Experiment to Inform Implementation of the European Union Water Framework Directive: The Case of Cheimaditida Wetland in Greece. Ekin Birol, Katia Karousakis and Phoebe Koundouri 12. Using the Choice Experiment Method to Inform River Management in Poland: Flood Risk Reduction versus Habitat Conservation in the Upper Silesia Region. Ekin Birol, Phoebe Koundouri and Yiannis Kountouris 13. Enjoy the Silence: Valuing Rail Noise Abatement in Trento, Italy. Paulo A.L.D. Nunes and Chiara Maria Travisi 14. Concluding Remarks and Future Directions. Ekin Birol and Phoebe Koundouri


The aim of the present research work was to formulate Transdermal patches of Clotrimazole and to enhance effectiveness and to avoid side effects of the drug. Transdermal patch of clotrimazole was prepared with EC and HPMC in different ratios in order to improve the drug diffusion. Clotrimazole has formulated Transdermal patches were prepared by solvent evaporation technique. Drug and polymers has been characterized by FT-IR. The FTIR spectra of formulation shows that no interaction between drug and excipient. The evaluation of Transdermal patches of Clotrimazole were performed mainly for their Physical parameters such as Weight variation, Thickness, Folding endurance test And also for their Drug content and In-vitro Drug diffusion studies. The patch prepared by solvent evaporation technique passes the prepared patch were found to be non irritant, weight variation was found in the range of 39±5.81 to 48±2.90mg, thickness in the range of 0.08±0.09 to 0.04±0.08 mm, Folding endurance of patches was found to be in the range of 98 ±0.57 to 128±0.59, The tensile strength of the patches was ranging from 1.95±1.2to 3.98±1.9, The percentage elongation ranges from 10.6 to 18.6, drug content uniformity was in between 78.25 to 89.76 %. The in-vitro drug diffusion profiles of the formulations in pH 7.4 show differences depending on their composition. A Tran's dermal patches of all the preparations were observed by the diffusion test. It was also observed that F6 showed highest drug release.


Risks are a complex problem that, if they occur, will cause unwanted change in the cost, schedule, or technical performance of an engineering system. Hazard analysis involves the identification of hazards at a facility and evaluating possible scenarios leading to unwanted consequences. The hazard analysis stage is a very important part of the risk management process, as no action can be made to avoid, or reduce, the effects of unidentified hazards. Risk assessments are tools that are used for preparing a scientific basis to reduce the risk. The methods currently used in hazard identification and risk assessment are HAZOP, FMEA, FTA, ETA, HIRA, CTI. Following the comparative analysis of these methods a novel approach to risk assessment using expert system is proposed. Some conclusions and research perspectives will be presented in the final part of the paper.


The authors consider the Wess-Zumino model in an anti-de Sitter background in the superfield formalism. A partial superconformal invariance of the model is used to treat perturbatively the effects of the background curvature. This turns out to be enough for the purpose of renormalisation and allows them to analyse the possibility of the breakdown of the no-renormalisation theorem to the one-loop order.


The People's Republic of China (PRC) mainly exports labor-intensive manufacturing products, especially textile and apparel, which face fierce international competition. The PRC's trade is also unevenly distributed, which has led to trade frictions with the United States (US). Given this situation, four factors (challenges) are important for the future of the PRC's trade: membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO); Sino-US trade relations, which will affect the PRC's access to the US market and conditions for entering WTO; phasing-out of the Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA); and antidumping, a trade policy instrument that makes the PRC's exports especially vulnerable because of the use of surrogate countries. In the near future the PRC should still be able to obtain reasonable market access because most countries except the US have already given the PRC unconditional most favored nation (MFN) status. A US withdrawal of the PRC's MFN status will lead to trade wars and is unlikely to happen under normal circumstances. The PRC will not suffer much from the MFA phasing-out because benefits of the agreement are heavily back loaded and will not materialize until years later. Setting up the PRC's own antidumping regulations is a good strategic move to deter possible abuse of antidumping by other countries.


Aiming to explain forming mechanism of copper pipe workpiece with inner straight groove via ball-rolling at different spinning speeds, the copper pipe workpiece and straight die is modeled in ABAQUS. And the whole simulation includes forming process, analysis of strain and stress. It is concluded that in the process of ball-rolling, the deformation of copper pipe workpiece is mainly the axial and teeth groove radial; with rotary extrusion increasing, the equivalent strain and stress enlarge gradually. Under the premise of keeping the quality of production, the maximum spinning speeds is 24000 r/min, which will not lose steady and complete the whole operation successfully. The simulation data and conclusion supply the basis for the actual processing.


Empirical harvest control rules set catch advice based on observed indicators and are increasingly being used worldwide to manage fish stocks that lack formal assessments of stock and exploitation status. Within the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, trend-based rules that adjust advice according to recent survey observations have been adopted; however, there is increasing evidence that such rules do not work well for short-lived pelagic species that can exhibit large inter-annual fluctuations in stock size. Constant harvest rates, removing a fixed proportion of observed biomass index, have been proposed as a suitable strategy for managing short-lived species. Unknown survey catchability has, however, remained a barrier to reliance on their application on these stocks in the past. We apply simulation testing to define a robust, sustainable constant harvest rate for a data-limited short-lived stock, using the English Channel sprat as a case study. By conditioning a management strategy evaluation framework based on existing and borrowed life-history parameters and precautionary considerations, we test and show that a constant harvest rate outperforms trend-based catch rules, maximizing yields while reducing risks of stock overexploitation, and conclude an 8.6% constant harvest rate provides sufficiently precautionary catch advice for this stock.


Background: hemolytic disease of the newborn is an autoimmune haemolytic disease and caused by antibodies produced due to Rh and ABO incompatibilities. Neonatal jaundice is a common clinical problem encountered during the neonatal period. To avoid the associated neurological complications; exchange transfusion and phototherapy have been traditionally used. Aim of the work: was to assess the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulins in neonates with Rh and/or ABO incompatibility in reducing the duration of phototherapy and the need for exchange transfusion and hospital stay. Subjects and Methods: in this clinical intervention study 40 patients diagnosed with hemolytic disease of newborn were grouped into group A and B. All neonates were treated with standard protocol for phototherapy and exchange transfusion. Group A patients received only phototherapy. Group B patients received intravenous immunoglobulins in a dose of 0.5 gm/kg of body weight single dose and phototherapy. Exchange transfusion was given to the patients of both groups if the bilirubin rose by 0.5 mg/dl per hour. Results: there was a significant decrease of bilirubin level in group B [that received phototherapy plus Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG)] than group A [that received phototherapy only]. Hospital stay and duration of phototherapy decreased in group B than group A. Number of cases exchanged blood in group A was higher than cases of group B. Conclusion: addition of intravenous immunoglobulins for treatment of hemolytic disease of newborn significantly reduces bilirubin levels, duration of phototherapy, need for exchange transfusion and hospital stay.


Drawing on evidence collected from eyewitness interviews, new Russian secondary sources, as well as recently declassified documents from both sides, the author significantly widens the academic understanding of the maritime dimension of this gravest crisis of the Cold War. Most significant is her conclusion that Soviet commanders were led by complex and challenging tactical circumstances, including unreliable communications and malfunctioning equipment, which might have prompted them to contemplate a resort to tactical nuclear weapons on more than one occasion. Almost as disturbing is the revelation that US forces were not aware of this particular threat. This research reveals how a chain of inadvertent developments at sea could have precipitated global nuclear war, underlining the extreme danger of the crisis.


Purpose of reviewThe purpose of this study is to explore the recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of leukaemias with a translocation involving the mixed lineage leukaemia (MLL) gene and therapeutic implications of these discoveries. Recent findingsThe pathogenesis of MLL-rearranged leukaemias has recently been elucidated in a flurry of clinical studies that have appeared over the past 5 years. On the basis of these studies, a phase 1 clinical trial has been initiated targeting the histone methyltransferase DOT1L with interim clinical results reported at the American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting in December 2014. SummaryAcute leukaemia, both myeloid and lymphoid, that harbours a translocation involving the MLL gene at chromosome locus 11q23 has a poor prognosis, even with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. The pathogenesis of MLL translocated leukaemias has recently been linked to aberrant activity of the histone methyltransferase DOT1. Preclinical studies of DOT1L inhibition with potent, selective inhibitors have shown successful eradication of the leukaemic clone in animal models. On the basis of these studies, a phase 1, first in man, clinical trial has been initiated with a DOT1L inhibitor, EPZ-5676.


Fluorescent lamp or fluorescent light bulbs are the type that has a fairly high efficiency lighting around 60 lm / watt. But the fluorescent lamp efficiency reduced by the low efficiency in reply inductors are used in fluorescent lamp, by pressing on the effect of voltage regulation, power factor correction, strong lighting, the amount of current and power consumption. The method the author of this study, by way of assembling and testing 20-watt fluorescent lamp, with a return type inductor BTA 220 V CSC-CE brands philip and electronic ballasts YZ-type EB 20 watt, 220 volt. Measuring devices needed Wattavi 8647479581, Multi meter Sanwa AX-303 TR, Ampere meter and meter Lux meter and Cos-Celsa Q-415 V. Testing is done by setting the voltage at which the lowest value at the time the lights begin to flicker, then increased at each interval of 5 volts to the voltage reaches 230 volts. Key word: Electronic ballasts, ballast inductor, fluorescent lights, power factor


Iron formations are typically thinly bedded or laminated sedimentary rocks containing 15% or more of iron and a large proportion of silica (commonly > 40%). In the ca. 2590-2460 Ma Campbellrand-Kuruman Complex, Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa, iron formation occurs as a sediment-starved deepwater facies distal to carbonates and shales. Iron minerals, primarily siderite, define the lamination. The silica primarily occurs as thin beds and nodules of diagenetic chert (now microcrystalline quartz), filling pore space and replacing iron formation minerals and co-occurring deepwater lithologies. Mechanisms proposed to explain precipitation of the iron component of iron formation include photosynthetic oxygen production, anoxygenic photosynthesis, abiotic photochemistry, and chemoautotrophy using Fe(II) as an electron donor. The origin and mechanism of silica precipitation in these deposits have received less attention. Here we present a conceptual model of iron formation that offers insight into the deposition of silica. The model hinges on the proclivity of dissolved silica to adsorb onto the hydrous surfaces of ferric oxides. Soluble ferrous iron is oxidized in the surface ocean to form ferric hydroxides, which precipitate. Fe(OH)_3 binds silica and sinks from the surface ocean along with organic matter, shuttling silica to basinal waters and sediments. Fe(III) respiration in the sediments returns the majority of iron to the water column but also generates considerable alkalinity in pore waters, driving precipitation of siderite from Fe2+ and respiration-influenced CO2. Silica liberated during iron reduction becomes concentrated in pore fluids and is ultimately precipitated as diagenetic mineral phases. This model explains many of the mineralogical, textural, and environmental features of Late Archean and earliest Paleo-proterozoic iron formation.


A synopsis of the sect. Hymenocoleus Bunge, sect. Hymenostegis Bunge, and sect. Macrophyllium Boiss. belonging to Astragalus L. in Turkey is given based on a revisional study carried out in Turkey. As a result of this study, an account of 19 species including keys and general distribution as well as their conservation status in Turkey is given. It is determined that A. narmanicus Karaman & Aytac is new to science and A. expetitus Maassoumi, A. pereshkhoranicus Maassoumi & F.Ghahrem., and A. marivanensis Maassoumi & Podlech do not exist in Turkey. Additionally, the name of the sect. Hymenocoleus is preserved.


Abstract This paper develops knowledge of the logistics of moving house amongst older people living in insecure housing. These people typically do not move once and settle into a new house, but face ongoing moves driven by factors including housing affordability, tenure conditions and eviction. The paper identifies four domains of experience faced by people undergoing cumulative, involuntary residential moves: the material (process of relocating oneself and possessions), economic (costs of moving house), embodied (physical experience) and affective (how relocation is experienced and felt). The logistics of relocation are examined through the experiences of single older women living in insecure housing in the greater Sydney region of Australia. The accounts of these women foreground the costs and challenges of insecure housing that are a consequence of relocation. Conceptually this work contributes to understandings of mobility-based disadvantage in older age through drawing out the ways that the logistics of moving house – of relocating oneself and possessions – contribute in distinct ways to mobility-based disadvantage through risks to identity and senses of home. Empirically it addresses gaps in gerontological and housing scholarship through developing knowledge of the logistics and experiences of ongoing, involuntary residential moves.


Capital market liberalization allows the access of foreign investors to Saudi stock market especially since 2005. The test of adaptation to the market volatility exhibits the existence of the volatility clustering in the daily return and volume of traded shares. This finding is corroborated by the absence of variance homoscedasticity using BF test. Also, the results indicate that the period between 11.2002 and 01.2006 is more efficient comparatively to other periods. Furthermore, from the start of 2010, there is a relative stability in stock market. The shocks on volatility market are persistent, but their intensity and permanence after the initial liberalization and institutional reforms of the capital market appear to be less in the volume, but more expanded in the prices.


The arrival on the market of new power devices based on wide bandgap semiconductors has raised a relevant interest due to their superior properties compared to conventional technologies. On the other hand, these devices are inherently characterized by high rates of voltage changes over time, which may result in reliability challenges in electric drives adopting them. In fact, dangerous voltage overshoots at the motor terminals and uneven voltage distributions within the machine windings may occur. These phenomena can trigger a high insulation stress and partial discharges and, as a consequence, they may concur to the premature failure of the dielectric materials. This paper proposes a flexible and comprehensive modelling approach for the accurate analysis and estimation of both voltage overshoots and voltage distributions in a typical converter-cable-motor system intended for more electric aircraft applications. The modelling results are validated against experimental measurements carried out on a physical prototype comprising a wide bandgap-based converter, a connecting cable and an electrical machine stator. The findings are then used in the companion papers (part II and part III) to investigate the dependence of partial discharge phenomena on these voltage waveforms, highlight reliability challenges in modern ±270 V DC bus voltage drives for the more electric aircraft and discuss solutions.


Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites adhere to epithelium at the cell–cell contact and perturb tight junctions disturbing the transepithelial electrical resistance. Behind tight junctions are the adherens junctions (AJs) that reinforce them and the desmosomes (DSMs) that maintain the epithelium integrity. The damage produced to AJs and DMSs by this parasite is unknown. Here, we studied the effect of the trophozoites, the EhCPADH complex, and the EhCP112 recombinant enzyme (rEhCP112) on AJ and DSM proteins. We found that trophozoites degraded β‐cat, E‐cad, Dsp l/ll, and Dsg‐2 with the participation of EhCPADH and EhCP112. After contact of epithelial cells with trophozoites, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy assays revealed EhCPADH and rEhCP112 at the intercellular space where they colocalised with β‐cat, E‐cad, Dsp l/ll, and Dsg‐2. Moreover, our results suggested that rEhCP112 could be internalised by caveolae and clathrin‐coated vesicles. Immunoprecipitation assays showed the interaction of EhCPADH with β‐cat and Dsp l/ll. Besides, in vivo assays demonstrated that rEhCP112 concentrates at the cellular borders of the mouse intestine degrading E‐cad and Dsp I/II. Our research gives the first clues on the trophozoite attack to AJs and DSMs and point out the role of the EhCPADH and EhCP112 in the multifactorial event of trophozoites virulence.


The phenol and monochlorophenols-degrading bacteria were isolated from the soil samples adjacent to textile, pharmaceuticals, industries and automobile workshops. Twenty seven isolates were recovered including twelve phenol, four 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) and eleven 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) degrading organisms. Among them five isolates were chosen as potential monochlorophenol-degrader; four of them were identified as species of Pseudomonas and one as Aeromonas . The biodegradability of phenol and monochlorophenol followed the order: phenol > 4-chlorophenol > 2-chlorophenol. Pseudomonas sp. AP2, Pseudomonas sp. AP3, Pseudomonas sp. AP4 and Aeromonas sp. PP3 degraded 400 and 600 ppm phenol within 48 and 72 h, and Pseudomonas sp. A4-CP2 degraded 600 and 800 ppm phenol in 48 and 72 h respectively. Pseudomonas sp. A4-CP2 also degraded 200 ppm 2-chlorophenol within 96 h and 200 and 350 ppm 4-chlorophenol within 48 and 75 h respectively. Bacterial isolates grew well in liquid culture containing 600 ppm phenol, while the growth was scanty in the medium containing 400 or 800 ppm phenol, except for Pseudomonas sp. A4CP2. The isolate Pseudomonas sp. A4CP2 also grew on 2-CP and 4-CP at concentrations of 200 and 350 ppm respectively. The correlation coefficient (at 0.01 level of significance) between bacterial growth and degradation capability of the isolates AP2, AP3, AP4, A4CP2 and PP3 were -0.835**, -0.847**, -0.700**, -0.946** and -0.401 respectively. Keywords: Biodegradation; Phenol; 2-Chlorophenol; 4-Chlorophenol; Pseudomonas; Aeromonas DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v25i1.4854 Bangladesh J Microbiol , Volume 25, Number 1, June 2008, pp 41-44


We construct and study a class of N particle supersymmetric Hamiltonians with nearest and next-nearest neighbor inverse-square interaction in one dimension. We show that inhomogeneous XY models in an external non-uniform magnetic field can be obtained from these super-Hamiltonians in a particular limit decoupling the fermionic degrees of freedom from the kinematic ones. We further consider a suitable deformation of these super-models such that inhomogeneous XXZ Hamiltonians in an external non-uniform magnetic field are obtained in the same limit. We show that this deformed Hamiltonian with rational potential is, (i) mapped to a set of free super-oscillators through a similarity transformation and (ii) supersymmetric in terms of a new, non-standard realization of the supercharge. We construct many exact eigenstates of this Hamiltonian and discuss about the applicability of this technique to other models.


In a construction project, although the completion day of the project is clearly decided, construction schedule is often changed by the weather or the actual progress situation of the project. Therefore, when a difference arises between present state and the master schedule, it is necessary to adjust the construction schedule and to execute immediately. Besides, since a construction project is usually carried out as a cooperative work by many companies, how to transmit information smoothly and how to share them together are an important issue. In this paper, the dynamic scheduling management system architecture that is based on the parts and information packets unified technology is proposed. We assumed that each part or unit has a data career, which handle such as identification number, position of the part, state of the part. Some of them re used to define the part's identity. They are given as the initial data, and are unchangeable and static for each part. Another kind of information is changeable and dynamic. Using these data, progress of the project process is compared with the master schedule. If the difference arises between them, scheduling system derived the present workability of each section/machine/people and dynamically re-schedule to optimize the processes. A pilot system that realized our proposal is developed and applied to a case study. As a result, the system can derive the changing state of section/machine/people and make the dynamic re-schedule by using the data originating in the part or unit.


Background
The rising global prevalence of mental illnesses such as depression, in combination with the stylized fact of low treatment rate for such illnesses, raises a serious public and academic concern on whether the untreated mental illness will further increase the disease prevalence over the next generation through the channel of intergenerational transmission.
Objective
This paper addresses the intergenerational correlation of mental health in China, by using a national representative survey dataset obtained from China Family Panel Studies.
Methods
We use a full 20-question version of the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression) questionnaire to measure an individual's mental health status. Based on a parent-child matched sample, we use a stepwise regression approach to estimate the impacts of parents' CES-D scores on their children's CES-D scores.
Results
We find that both father's and mother's mental health have significant impact on their children's mental health. In addition, we find that parental mental health appears to have a greater impact on the mental health in the next generation than maternal mental health does, which is contrary to what most literature portrays.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that both maternal and paternal mental health have significant impacts on the mental health of their offspring, although paternal mental health appears to have a greater effect. Additionally, intergenerational correlation of mental health is present in all studied areas and subpopulations of China.


The Green's function of a bi-material infinite domain with a plane interface is applied to thermal analysis of a spherical underground heat storage tank. The heat transfer from a spherical source is derived from the integral of the Green's function over the spherical domain. Because the thermal conductivity of the tank is generally different from soil, the Eshelby's equivalent inclusion method (EIM) is used to simulate the thermal conductivity mismatch of the tank from the soil. For simplicity, the ground with an approximately uniform temperature on the surface is simulated by a bi-material infinite domain which is perfectly conductive above the ground. The heat conduction in the ground is investigated for two scenarios: Firstly, a steady-state uniform heat flux from surface into the ground is considered, and the heat flux is disturbed by the existence of the tank due to the conductivity mismatch. A prescribed temperature gradient, or an eigen-temperature gradient, is introduced to investigate the local temperature field in the neighborhood of the tank. Secondly, when a temperature difference exists between the water in the tank and soil, the heat transfer between the tank and soil depends on the tank size, conductivity and temperature difference, which provide a guideline for heat exchange design for tank size. The modeling framework can be extended to two-dimensional cases, periodic or transient heat transfer problems for geothermal well operations. The corresponding Green's functions are provided for those applications.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the synthesis and release of adrenomedullin (AM) of lung tissue in rats on hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) and study its mechanism and significance in the pathogenesis process of HPH.

METHODS
54 Wistar rats were divided into hypoxia 10 d (n = 12), 20 d (n = 12), 30 d (n = 12) groups and control group (n = 18). The rats of hypoxia groups were exposed to chronic hypobaric hypoxia environment at high 5 km to establish HPH models. The expression of pulmonary cell AM protein, the content of plasma AM and bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) AM were determined by optical microscopy, immunohistochemistry and radio-immunoassay.

RESULTS
AM was widely distributed in lung tissue. There was positive of AM in intraplasma of vascular endothelial cells (EC), vascular and bronchial smooth muscular cells (SMC), bronchial epithelial cells, macrophages (M phi) and type II alveolar epithelial cells in every groups. After hypoxia, the expression of AM in above cells, especially EC, SMC and M phi, increased more than control group. Plasma AM contents of hypoxia groups were higher than control group(P < 0.01). 20 d after hypoxia, the AM content was twice as control group. At 10 d to 20 d after hypoxia, BALF AM content was increased more than control group (P < 0.01). But at 30 d the content was decreased near to normal.

CONCLUSIONS
Hypoxia is effective in promoting AM synthesis and release in pulmonary tissue and suggestes that AM as a peptide plays an important regulating role on pulmonary circulation, exchange of air and pulmonary vascular structural remodeling in the pathophysiological process of HPH.


A novel miniaturized three-pole net-type bandpass filter using /spl lambda//8 resonators has been proposed. Asymmetric frequency characteristics of this filter exhibit a single transmission zero on the lower side of the passband at finite frequency, which is attributed to multi-path effect. Full-wave simulator IE3D is used to extract the coupling coefficients and external quality factor in order to determine the physical dimensions of this filter. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated predictions. The overall size of the filter is only about 0.22/spl lambda//sub g/ by 0.2 /spl lambda//sub g/. As a result, the filter has not only a small size but also a wider upper stopband up to 6.5 f/sub 0/.


Peroxidase-like nanoparticles are promising materials to treat bacterial infection through catalyzing H2O2 into more toxic highly reactive oxygen species (hROS; such as hydroxyl radicals). However, all the reported related strategies, to the best of our knowledge, depend on the usage of extra H2O2, limiting the applications of peroxidase-like nanoparticles. Thus, it is necessary to develop peroxidase-based materials without extra H2O2. In this report, H2O2-free depots are prepared by integrating CaO2 and hemin-loading graphene (H-G) into alginate (CaO2/H-G@alginate). They can convert H2O into hROS through localized cascade reactions at the site of bacterial infection and damage the main components of biofilms (bacteria, polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids). Besides, the confined environment of depots can reduce the potential risk from H2O2 and improve the cascade catalytic activity. This is the first example of exploring peroxidase-like nanozymes without extra H2O2 to treat bacterial infection.


As schools aim to raise student academic achievement levels and districts wrangle with decreased funding, it is essential to understand the relationship between learning time and academic achievement. Using regression analysis and a data set drawn from California's elementary school sites, we find a statistically significant and positive relationship between the number of instructional minutes in an academic year and school-site standardized test scores. Fifteen more minutes of school a day at a school site (or about an additional week of classes over an academic year) relates to an increase in average overall academic achievement of about 1%, and about a 1.5% increase in average achievement for disadvantaged students. This same increase in learning time yields the much larger 37% gain in the average growth of socioeconomically disadvantage achievement from the previous academic year. Placing this impact in the context of other influences found important to academic achievement, similar increases in achievement only occur with an increase of fully credentialed teachers by nearly 7 percentage points. These findings offer guidance regarding the use of extended learning time to increase academic performance. Moreover, they suggest caution in reducing instructional time as the default approach to managing fiscal challenges.


The dependence of the detected Auger signal on crystal orientation and surface morphology has been investigated for a pure elemental standard of Mo. Two large adjacent grains with orientations close to (100) and (1, 4, 11) were used for this study. After polishing to a uniform surface topograpy the sample was sputtered with 2 keV argon ions at glancing incidence, typical of the conditions used in surface analysis. The initial line scan across both crystal surfaces showed an essentially constant detected Auger current. However, under continued ion bombardment up to a fluence of 5×1019 ions cm−2, the Auger current changed until the (100) crystal showed an 18% larger signal than the high index grain. This large difference is attributed to changes in surface roughness that develop quite differently for different crystal orientations. The surface morphology changes have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy and surface profile measurements. The implications of these results for quantitative sur...


In recent years, the artificial neural networks theory and the application obtained the swift development. Especially the artificial neural networks BP model reflected the functional relations which need not to use the explicit function expression to indicate that but adapts through regulating network's weight and the error value, so we can avoid the error which caused by choosing an improper factor. Therefore, we use the BP model to analyze observed data of the dam which has become one newly research subject. But the BP model has some shortcomings, which causes its application to receive the very big limit. This article works in the foundation of the predecessor, proposed several corrective measures, and apply it in the analysis of some reservoir earth-stone dam distortion observed data. Finally, the analysis achievement indicated that these corrective measures have large useful value.


It is proposed that annealing twins form during grain growth as a result of a decrease in the interfacial free energy of grain boundaries that would not be achieved in the absence of twinning. Experiments designed to permit detection of the changes in grain boundary free energy accompanying the formation of twins give results in agreement with this concept. The abundance of twins found in annealed copper depends on the texture in a manner that is consistent with the theory.


High-quality CoP nanorings (CoP NRs) are easily achieved using a phosphorating treatment of CoOOH nanorings, and reveal high activity towards the hydrogen evolution reaction and the nitrate electrocatalytic reduction reaction due to substantial coordinately unsaturated active sites, a high surface area, and available mass transfer pathways. Consequently, the CoP NRs can achieve a faradaic efficiency of 97.1% towards NO3--to-NH3 conversion and provide an NH3 yield of 30.1 mg h-1 mg-1cat at a -0.5 V potential.


The purpose of this study is to review some issues on Korean evidentiality and to clarify the criteria to build up the Korean evidential system. J. Kim (2012) proposed that there are three types of evidentials in Korean based on the cross-linguistic study by Aikhenvald (2004: p.105). Specifically, Korean evidential system consists of Direct, Inferential, and Reportative. However, J. Kim (2012) does not fully review extensive candidates of Korean evidentials because the focus of the study centered on explaining theoretical issues. Accordingly, only tentative list of Korean evidentials were suggested. To detect the Korean evidentials, I collected the candidates of Korean evidentials and then considered Anderson"s(1986) proposals and applied some tests such as negation, assent/dissent and distributional diagnostics. As a result, I argue that there are three evidential types in Korean: Direct -te -, -ney, Reportative -tay, -lay, -cay, -nyay, and Inference -ci.


Active sonar systems are faced with the difficult task of detecting moving targets in strong reverberation environments. Since the effective cancelling of the reverberation cannot be accomplished with a fixed notch filter, a filter structure to recover target signals obscured by the reverberation is proposed. The proposed scheme consists of an adaptive filter and a fixed filter. The optimum and suboptimum solutions are also considered. Experiments for an active sonar system are performed to examine the potential of the proposed structure for the target signal enhancement problem.


Gamblers are frequently reminded to "gamble responsibly." But these qualitative reminders come with no quantitative information for gamblers to judge relative product risk in skill-based gambling forms. By comparison, consumers purchasing alcohol are informed of product strength by alcohol by volume (ABV %) or similar labels. This paper uses mixed logistic regression machine learning to uncover the potential variation in soccer betting outcomes. This paper uses data from four bet types and eight seasons of English Premier League soccer, ending in 2018. Outcomes across each bet type were compared using three betting strategies: the most-skilled prediction, a random strategy, and the least-skilled prediction. There was a large spread in betting outcomes, with for example the per-bet average loss varying by a factor of 54 (from 1.1% to 58.9%). Gamblers' losses were positively correlated with the observable betting odds across all bets, indicating that betting odds are one salient feature which could be used to inform gamblers about product risk. Such large differences in product risk are relevant to the promotion of responsible gambling.


Background Although respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection continues to be a leading cause of infant hospitalisation with a high transmission rate, recent data on nosocomial RSV infection are scarce. This study investigated the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of nosocomial RSV infection in the palivizumab-prophylaxis era. Methods The database of a tertiary paediatric medical centre was searched for all hospitalised patients with RSV-positive respiratory disease in 2008 through 2010. Data were compared between patients with community-associated and nosocomial disease and the qualification of the latter group for palivizumab was evaluated. Results Of the 873 children identified, 30 (3.4%) had a nosocomial infection. This group accounted for 0.06% of all admissions during the study period and 0.13 of every 1000 hospitalisation days. The nosocomial-infection group had higher rates of preterm birth and severe underlying disease than the community-associated RSV group, and a longer mean hospital stay. The nosocomial-infection group also had higher rates of intensive care unit admission and mechanical ventilation. Although 73% had underlying conditions, the vast majority (80%) did not qualify for RSV immunoprophylaxis. Conclusion Nosocomial RSV infection is a significant cause of morbidity among hospitalised infants, especially those with comorbidities and lengthy hospital stay, and is associated with a complicated clinical course. In addition to strict infection-control measures, extending palivizumab prophylaxis to additional selected high-risk populations should be considered.


One of the few supermakets in Palu city which considerably crowded is Grand Hero Supermarket. This Supermarket was located on the Basuki Rahmat street. Because this road is an arterial road with highly traffic volume at certain hours, so the Grand Hero Supermarket activity will affect the performance of the road. At peak hours, many vehicles are in and out from the supermaket, disrupting theperformance of BasukiRahmat road. The aim of this research is to understand the existing condition of the Basuki Rahmat street performance with or without the activity of Grand Hero Supermaket. This research was conducted by surveying the volume of the street, side friction and travel time. The survey was carried on Wednesday 04-06-2015 and Saturday 6-06 2015. The analysis was conducted by using Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia 1997 method. The results show that the performance of JalanBasuki Rahmat with no Grand Hero Supermarket's activity has a degree of saturation 0.35. Grand Hero Supermarket with activity would increase the degree of saturation that is 0.43 that increases 22.86%. The speed of light vehicles by MKJI is  42.84 km / h. With the Grand Hero Supermarket activity, the speed of light vehicle decreased from 27.76 km/ h to 23.74 km / h or there are speed reductions of 14.49%. The level of service with the Grand Hero Supermarket activity was at B condition with DS rate of 0,43


Previous authors have suggested that the radiographic clearing pattern of pulmonary infarction is specific and permits differentiation from pneumonitis. Pulmonary infarcts are said to "shrink" or "melt" and pneumonitis consolidations to clear diffusely. Chest radiographs of 4 patients with angiographically confirmed pulmonary infarction and 5 with slowly resolving pneumonitis were examined, in random case order, by three independent radiologists unaware of the diagnosis. All observers found the shrinking pattern in 3 of the 4 cases of pulmonary infarction and in 1 case of pneumonitis. The shrinking pattern is not specific for pulmonary infarction; it may be related to fibrotic organization of pulmonary consolidation.


ABSTRACT Despite the growing literature on Turkish populism, there is yet no consensus on how best to categorise the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi or AKP). This article argues that this lack of consensus is due to a selective focus on the attributes of AKP's populism. Indeed, when the party's features are examined holistically, it does not neatly conform to the dominant typologies of populism, which were conceived mostly for European and Latin American examples. For historical reasons, AKP's populist discourse defines "the people" versus "the elite" in civilisational terms and combines this with strategies of neo-liberalism, strong party organisation and grassroots mobilisation. This blend of populism distinguishes the AKP case from the exclusionary/inclusionary and classical/neo-liberal/radical typologies previously identified by the literature. However, the Bharatiya Janata Party in India and the Thai Rak Thai Party in Thailand have similar attributes to the AKP, drawing attention to the need to move beyond the existing ideological and strategic approaches to populism and towards a more comprehensive socio-cultural approach. The article contributes to the literature on populism by highlighting possible avenues for further research based on such a comprehensive understanding of populism based also on cases from Asia.


The magnetic sensitivity of quartz crystal resonators is a consequence of the ferromagnetic properties of the metal used as support for the vibrating plate. Various magneto-mechanic interactions can contribute to the overall sensitivity, the most important of which is shown to be the change in Young's modulus of the spring material submitted to a magnetic field, which in turn modifies the stress in the quartz plate and then induces a change in the crystal resonant frequency. The experimental setup and procedure are described and a large number of experimental results obtained with resonators of different technologies are presented and discussed. A comparison between the magnetic behavior of identical resonators mounted with different materials definitely proves the respousibility of the supports in the magnetic sensitivity of resonators and gives interesting information on its reduction.


Intraocular transplantations in 7 cases of human malignant lymphomas (leukemia, lymphosarcoma, and Hodgkin's disease), 1 canine malignant lymphoma, and 2 leukemias of mice were unsuccessful in alien species (guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs, and mice). The mouse leukemias were transplantable in the eyes of homologous and heterologous strains of mice, but regression of the disease occurred rapidly in the latter strain. Histologic fate of transplants was rapid necrosis and partial resorption followed by organization of the debris.

The interpretation given to these experiments is that the failure of successful intraocular transplantation of malignant lymphomas in alien species was the result of the short life span of the cells, their high susceptibility to adverse conditions, and their antibody-engendering capacity, rather than to lack of a high degree of malignancy and autonomy.

This procedure was not of value in differential diagnosis.


The design of a horn antenna based on electromagnetic band-gap structures (EBGs) and fed by evanescent fields in the containing periodic structure is presented. Such all-dielectric antennas can form compact arrays and provide a promising solution for millimeter, submillimeter, and terahertz (THz) devices. An evanescently fed EBG horn antenna design based on a woodpile structure and operating at frequencies around 110 GHz is presented, together with experimental and simulation results for an analogous scaled-up prototype antenna operating in the Ku-band. It exhibits a 9% bandwidth and an average level of maximum gain approximately equal to 14.6 dBi.


The shoot-through problem of conventional H-Bridge inverters imposes a threat to system's reliability and efficiency. This is because the unintentional shoot-through state short-circuits the DC-Link capacitor. To overcome the severity of the shoot-through state, Dual Buck Inverters (DBIs) were introduced. These topologies have at least one inductor connected in-parallel with the DC-Link capacitor at accidental shoot-through states' activation; thus, preventing the DC-side from getting short-circuited. Besides, DBIs' circulate inherently low ground leakage current and thereby they are considered as attractive choices in single-phase non-isolated grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) applications. Therefore, this work proposes a modified non-isolated grid-tied LCL-filter based DBI with a control scheme that improves the reliability and the stability. Specifically, adopting an appropriate Active Power Decoupling Control (APDC) scheme enhances the reliability. This scheme utilizes the Common-Mode (CM) operation of the DBI. As for stability assurance, an Active Resonance Damping Control (ARDC) is developed. This ARDC is deployed in both inverter modes, the CM and the Differential-Mode (DM). Eventually, the theoretical analyses are confirmed on a 3 kW / 30 μΚ electrolytic capacitor-less system. The results showed that the single-phase low frequency ripples of the DC-bus voltage were negligible. Meaning that, the input capacitance requirement of the system is reduced about 40–50 times compared to the conventional methodology. Consequently, utilizing reliable polypropylene film capacitors for effective DC-Linking.


The invention relates to a device for jointing a polarizer sheet to a liquid crystal display panel, comprising a polarizer sheet fixed platform, for supporting the polarizer sheet sticked with a protective film on at least one side; a main body of the device, arranged on the polarizer sheet fixed platform, moving along one surface of the polarizer sheet fixed platform; and at least a film removing unit combined with the main body of the device, including a pushing piece of a sticking belt for pushing the protective film to remove from the polarizer sheet and at least a bending roller spaced with the pushing piece, wherein the sticking belt is wound on the pushing piece and the bending roller and enclosed around the pushing piece in a sharp angle, to form a closed loop. Accordingly, the rising of the service life of the film removing unit adds the exchange working period of the film removing unit, thereby reducing the processing time and the flow error caused by the polarizer sheet in the flow of removing the protective film.


The annealing of n-type thin GaN films grown by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition in vacuum has been studied by beam-based positron annihilation spectroscopy. The results are consistent with a model in which Ga vacancies (VGa) exist alongside dislocations and are stable up to 900 °C. It is suggested that dislocations are shallow positron traps. Upon annealing at ⩽500 °C the decrease of dislocation density increases the effective positron diffusion length (L+eff) and the probability of trapping at VGa. While L+eff continues to change, the trapping of positrons at VGa is saturated upon annealing above 500 °C. The formation of N vacancies near the surface at high temperatures is considered to introduce a potential that retards positron back-diffusion. At 900 °C dissociation of GaN at a rate of ~5 nm s-1 is observed. Oxygen clusters, stable up to 900 °C, appear to exist near the interface between the GaN film and the sapphire substrate.


The article presents the foreign policy course of the USA towards Russia and China, as well as bilateral U.S.-Russian and U.S.-Chinese cooperation. The author attempts to discover the main reasons and retrace the process of rapprochement between Russia and China in the context of the Washington's foreign policy implementation on the world stage. Analyzing the particular foreign policy steps of the U.S. since the late 1990s up to the events of 2014, the author focuses on the fact that Washington's global foreign policy strategy not only meets the national interests of Russia and China, but also poses a threat to their national security. This is an additional factor for rapprochement between Moscow and Beijing both in bilateral relations and issues on a global basis. Consequently, the author concludes that the U.S. foreign policy causes the rapprochement between Russia and China, which should be considered as a strategically well-targeted step of the both states, based on the desire to achieve mutually beneficial cooperation and support, the similarity of positions on many international issues and common approaches to adaptation in a changing world order.


Difficult conversations among family members can impact the health and structure of familial relationships. The reported study investigated potential antecedents and outcomes of difficult family conversations. Perceived consequences of, reasons behind, responses to, and results of difficult conversations were considered, and the family communication patterns (FCP) framework guided the examination. Although the majority of respondents feared negative consequences prior to conversations, most reported positive results. The type of response received from conversational partners was associated with the eventual result. Counter to predictions, data analysis found no relationships among the family communication styles proposed by FCP and the antecedents and outcomes of difficult family conversations. These results suggest that the need for engaging in difficult conversations may outweigh family communicative norms and potential family consequences. Practical implications of the findings, including how therapists or counselors might communicate the benefits of discussing difficult topics generally and of avoiding negative reactions during such conversations, are considered.


Quality foundations application is not a new concept for medical device, manufacturing, and service industries. The key quality concepts have origins from the quality pioneers named as "gurus" Joseph Juran, Deming and Crosby. There are some key principles which many companies apply as part of project development and implementation. This article, as a final design project, presents the application of quality foundations on a yield improvement project for a catheter assembly line, where the customer survey scores were 48% out of 100%. The combination of voice of customer to achieve customer satisfaction, quality foundation tools application, and lean manufacturing concepts integration resulted on a yield improvement of 4%, and customer survey score of 60% due to the implementation of a new re-design UV fixture in order to reduce significantly the defect know such as coil damage.


Background—Functional copy number variation in the apolipoprotein(a) gene (LPA) underlies a variable number of protein kringle domains repeated in tandem in the lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] particle. Genomic analysis of LPA, including both single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and kringle IV type 2 (KIV-2) copy number, has yet to be performed. Methods and Results—First, we genotyped 49 SNPs within 100 kb of LPA in a multiethnic sample comprising South Asians (n=330), Chinese (n=304), and European Caucasians (n=272). Second, using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we estimated the KIV-2 copy number in each sample. European Caucasians had the lowest KIV-2 copy number but displayed the strongest correlation between KIV-2 copy number and plasma Lp(a) concentration (rs=−0.31, P=4.2×10−7). SNP rs10455872, only prevalent in European Caucasians, was strongly associated with both plasma Lp(a) concentration (P=4.2×10−29) and KIV-2 copy number (P=7.2×10−5). LPA SNP rs6415084, within the same haplotype block as the KIV-2 variation, was significantly associated with both Lp(a) concentration and KIV-2 copy number in the same direction in all 3 ethnicities [Lp(a), P=5.3×10−7; KIV-2, P=2.6×10−4]. SNPs and KIV-2 copy number together explain a larger proportion of variation in plasma Lp(a) concentrations in European Caucasians (36%) than in Chinese (27%) or South Asians (21%). Conclusions—LPA SNPs are in linkage disequilibrium with KIV-2 copy number, but KIV-2 copy number explains an increment in plasma Lp(a) variation over SNPs alone. Thus, both SNPs and KIV-2 copy number should be included in future genetic epidemiology studies of Lp(a).


By studying the planning of Aoshan Park in Jianyang City,a typical eco-park in mountainous regions,the authors analyzed its topography and vegetations,specifically vegetation types and plant species,and pointed out problems of its present vegetations based on the evaluation.By maintaining existing indigenous plant species,plant planning and ecological corridor design were carried out to rebuild the eco-forest belt of Mt.Aoshan and optimize landscapes in Aoshan Park.Plant landscaping of Aoshan Park,by following the principles of "ecological" and "right trees for right land",has 3 different styles: natural,regular and mixed.Regular style is mainly located in the cultural experience area by applying regular planting types,such as coupled planting and mass planting;natural style runs through the park from north to south,and takes seasonal changes of landscapes as the theme to show the attraction of nature;mixed style is mainly applied in recreational and vacation area,connecting all independent scenic spots by water.The design of ecological corridor should follow the principle of "integrated,protective and diversified",attach more importance to the construction of mountain corridor system,and ecological road and river corridors.Several species were recommended for vegetation recovery and slope greening in the study area.And corresponding suggestions were given for the planning and design of eco-park in mountainous regions.


: Network effects, economies of scale, and lock-in-effects increasingly lead to a concentration of digital resources and capabilities, hindering the free and equitable development of digital entrepreneurship (SDG9), new skills, and jobs (SDG8), especially in small communities (SDG11) and their small and medium-sized enterprise s ("SMEs"). To ensure the affordability and accessibility of technologies, promote digital entrepreneurship and community well-being (SDG3), and protect digital rights, we propose data cooperatives [1,2] as a vehicle for secure, trusted, and sovereign data exchange [3,4]. In post-pandemic times, community/SME-led cooperatives can play a vital role by ensuring that supply chains to support digital commons are uninterrupted, resilient, and decentralized [5] . Digital commons and data sovereignty provide communities with affordable and easy access to information and the ability to collectively negotiate data-related decisions. Moreover, cooperative commons (a) provide access to the infrastructure that underpins the modern economy, (b) preserve property rights, and (c) ensure that privatization and monopolization do not further erode self-determination, especially in a world increasingly mediated by AI. Thus, governance plays a significant role in accelerating communities'/SMEs' digital transformation and addressing their challenges. Cooperatives thrive on digital governance and standards such as open trusted Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) that increase the efficiency, technological capabilities, and capacities of participants and, most importantly, integrate, enable, and accelerate the digital transformation of SMEs in the overall process. This policy paper presents and discusses several transformative use cases for cooperative data governance. The use cases demonstrate how platform/data-co-operatives, and their novel value creation can be leveraged to take digital commons and value chains to a new level of collaboration while addressing


The iperactivation of Hedgehog (Hh) pathway, which controls the refuel of the tumor clone, might be critical to Multiple Myeloma (MM) recurrence. In order to dissect the role played by Hh pathway in different MM cells compartments, and to evaluate its clinical impact on patient outcomes, here we explore the transcriptomic and genomic profiles in both CD138+ plasma cells and CD138-19+ B progenitors cells obtained from newly diagnosed MM patients (pts), The study included a cohort of 126 pts, homogenously treated with bortezomib-based regimens and ASCT. DNA and RNA were obtained from both CD138+ plasma cell fraction and CD19+ B cells. Gene expression profiling (GEP) (HG U133 Plus 2.0) and genomic analysis (SNP 6.0) were performed on Affymetrix platform. Data were analysed by employing several software: dChip (GEP clustering), Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (GEP Enrichment) and Nexus (Copy number). By unsupervised hierarchical clustering, an Hh signature of 10 genes - SHH, IHH, DHH, SMO, PTCH1, PTCH2, SUFU, GLI1, GLI2 and GLI3 - was identified, and it was able to significantly cluster pts in two subgroups: cluster 1 (70 pts) and cluster 2 (56 pts. An overall significant activation of Hh pathway was shown in cluster 2, as compared to cluster 1. Of note, the Hh pathway was down regulated in CD19+ B cells obtained from pts included in cluster 2, while it was overexpressed in cluster 1 pts. Western blots on both cell fractions confirmed this opposite Hh genes behavior. A higher genomic instability (e.g. higher frequencies of both t(4;14) and del(17p)) was demonstrated in CD138+ cells from cluster 2 pts and, at least 5 known tumor suppressor genes, such as RB1, BRCA2, PDX1, FOXO1 and TP53 were affected. Conversely, cluster 1 pts were mainly characterized by hyperdiploid karyotypes. The more aggressive phenotype of cluster 2 pts was confirmed by an overall deregulation of cell adhesion processes (CD44, LIMS1, COL4A2, CTGF, COL1A1, FN1), increased proliferation (MYCBP, IL22, SDPR, SOX2, SOX6) and DNA repair mechanisms (SP1, SMARCD3, FOXA3). Hh pathway activation significantly influenced pts' outcome, since those included in cluster 2 had a shorter PFS and OS compared to cluster 1. In fact, the 5-year PFS estimates were 31% vs 56% (p = 0.0062), whereas the OS probabilities were 66% and 83%, respectively (p = 0.0071). Of note, both hazard ratios for PFS and OS were doubled in pts included in cluster 2, as compared to pts included in cluster 1. Finally, multivariate analyses confirmed that being part of cluster 2 was an independent prognostic factor for both PFS and OS, along with del(17p) and ISS 3. Two alternate Hh-driven subtypes of MM might be identified at diagnosis, which correlated with pts outcomes. Stratification of pts according to their molecular background might help the fine-tuning of future clinical studies. Acknowledgements: FP7 NGS-PTL project, Progetto Regione-Universita 2010/2012 L. Bolondi. Citation Format: Marina Martello, Daniel Remondini, Enrica Borsi, Mauro Procacci, Barbara Santacroce, Angela Flores Dico, Annalisa Pezzi, Elena Zamagni, Paola Tacchetti, Lucia Pantani, Giulia Marzocchi, Serena Rocchi, Katia Mancuso, Beatrice Anna Zannetti, Giovanni Martinelli, Michele Cavo, Carolina Terragna. The alternate activation of hedgehog pathway, either in CD138+ or in CD138-CD19+ multiple myeloma primary cells, impacts on disease outcome. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3189.


The open access books (OAB) are a product of the research that in recent years has gained its place in scientific publishing and open access (OA). Both have gone from initial diffidence (for different reasons) to a growing interest. In the first part of the article, we present the most recent data relating to this kind of publication while in the second one the OAB phenomenon is examined within a more general evolution of the OA. In this way there seems to be a link between the open access monographs and the diffusion of models increasingly distant from the original mission of the OA.


In recent years, shareholders have started to launch information lawsuits with new vigor. These demands — which often yield valuable corporate data without an explicit contractual right or public disclosure obligation — are typically brought in connection with a shareholder grievance about some other matter. Firm managers often resist the intrusion, leading to some blockbuster disputes. Indeed, it is becoming increasingly clear that information litigation is starting to play a much greater gatekeeping role for corporate governance problems. There are often serial litigation battles where a fight over access to firm information is followed by a fight over the primary governance concern. Delays associated with the initial information lawsuit can even stymie resolution of the primary case.

Notwithstanding this increase in information litigation, lawmakers lack a comprehensive theory for evaluating the private right to corporate information. Many courts and commentators offer only short statements about a need for balance: shareholders should be able to obtain information necessary to exercise their rights, but they should not be able to harass managers or expose crucial corporate secrets. Legal standards for adjudicating private, ex-post information demands are vague. Most disputes are decided by asking whether the requested information is "necessary and essential" for pursuing a "proper shareholder purpose." But how should we award and scope this right?

This article argues that inspection rights are best justified in connection with efforts to mitigate managerial agency costs through forensic review. Much of corporate law seeks to maximize the benefits of centralized economic activity while minimizing the costs of suboptimal agent decision-making. Endless varieties of agency problems exist, but the distortions are all grounded in information asymmetry. Shareholder inspection rights are thus well-suited to addressing agency lapses, and they are warranted in connection with this fundamental aim. An important corollary to this claim, however, is that shareholder inspection rights may not be a fundamental entitlement when deployed more broadly. If so, then corporations should enjoy some latitude to modify inspection rights via private ordering.


Domain-specific design flows can enable an efficient path to implementation, as well as making the design process intuitive and the designs reusable. When targeting FPGAs, there are few techniques in high level synthesis that enable thorough exploration of the inherent flexibility of the FPGA fabric as an implementation medium. In this paper, we propose a new methodology, based on micro-coded datapaths, that enables design space exploration of processing engine architectures implemented in programmable logic that range from a fixed finite state machine to a soft processor. As a use case, these processing engines can be embedded within programmable logic threads that are used to carry out network packet processing. We demonstrate the application of this methodology on a network address translation application, and show that micro-coded data paths indeed enable both human designers and automated tools to explore the design space in a structured way, thus exploiting the full potential of the FPGA technology.


Lasioglossum zephyrum usually lives in small colonies but is facultatively solitary. Lone bees and colonies produced from female pupae of the same generation were established in artificial indoor nests. Both the length of the prereproductive period and the number of cells produced per bee per day decreased with increasing colony size. In most colonies, ovarially and behaviorally recognized castes arose, a queen and workers, but with all intergradations. The mean size of queens was larger than that of workers. Nearly all queens mated although few workers did so in rooms with a few males, but mating had no effect on subsequent behavior or ovarian development. In groups of diverse age there was a tendency for the oldest bees to be queens; queens also were larger on the average than workers. In groups of equal age, the largest bee was most often queen. As would be expected for a scarcely social species, mechanisms of social integration (resulting in division of labor and differentiation of castes) mostly appear to involve behavioral features of the solitary ancestors and accidental results of joint occupancy of nests. There is no evidence of direct food or pheromone transfer among adult bees.


The authors emphasize the importance of the problem of differential diagnostics and combined treatment of tymanophonia with special reference to the widespread, multiple, and diverse causative factors behind this condition as well as the great variability of its clinical signs and symptoms, and difficulty of recoding tympanophonia. The relative significance of various methods in the system of combined treatment of tympanophonia is discussed. It is concluded that the choice of therapy of this condition including the rational combination of pharmacotherapy and non-medicamental modalities, such as classical acupuncture, should be made taking into consideration individual characteristics of the concrete patients.


The MHD instabilities driven by the energetic-particles are of particular importance for future burning plasma devices, where energetic particles will be abundantly produced by high power heating and fusion reaction. In this paper, some new phenomena induced by high power ECRH are presented. The high frequency (200kHz-350 kHz) instabilities have been observed during the high power ECRH or NBI. The frequencies of the modes are proportional to Alfven velocity and very close to the TAE frequency in the plasma core. In the lower frequency range from 10 kHz to 35 kHz, the coexistence of multi-mode has also been found during the high power ECRH. The frequencies of the modes are proportional to Alfven velocity, but much lower than it. Between the two frequency ranges, a new mode with the frequency from 50 kHz to 100 kHz has been observed with high power ECRH and NBI heating together. The modes have obvious frequency chirping within short time, which is the feature of the EPM like modes. The fishbone instability excited by energetic electrons during ECRH has been identified in HL-2A. It is interested to find the frequency jump phenomena in the high power ECRH. The frequency jumps between 8 kHz and 15 kHz within about 25ms periodically, when the power is 1.2MW. The new results are different from the phenomena on Tore-Supra, because the trapped particle dominates in this case.


'Surely this book is of mainly historic interest only?' asks a young, potential reader brought up on a silicon diet. While it is true that many applications of the venerable photomultiplier have been, or are being, taken over by semiconductor (primarily silicon) photodetectors there are areas in both fundamental science and in engineering where photomultipliers still play an important or unique role in light detection due to their combination of large photosensitive area, highgain and DC to ~GHz bandwidth. The author is an undoubted expert in this field, having been part of the famous Electron Tube division of EMI and then ultimately the current incarnation of part of that group as the photomultiplier manufacturer 'ET Enterprises' in west London. This is an excellent, well-written and very comprehensive book covering all aspects of photomultiplier tube principles, design and application. There are 14 chapters and three appendices and many references at the end of each chapter. Wright is rightly keen to draw the reader's attention to some key papers that go back to the 1950s when the photomultiplier really began to be a commercial product and much of the key fundamental work on photocathodes and secondary electron emission was done. Wright naturally uses many examples from the companies that he has worked for and where he has access to information that is not easily, or at all, available publicly but I think he makes a very fair attempt to include technical (and constructional) information from other major past and current producers of photomultiplier tubes such as Philips/Photonis and Hamamatsu. A real strength of this handbook is the detailed presentation of the statistical processes involved in determining noise, the resolution of the response to single photons and References


Introduction: Malaria is a life – threatening disease but is curable and preventable. As per data of WHO in 2017, there were an estimated 219 million cases of malaria in 90 countries. As plasmodium Vivax malaria has been considered to have a benign course with less mortality, most of the research is focussed on plasmodium falciparum. But in recent years there are number of studies conducted in India and other countries has highlighted that plasmodium vivax can cause severe and fatal malaria, in paediatric patients. Based on this background we have designed a prospective study to evaluate clinical profile, complication and outcome of plasmodium vivax and compare it with plasmodium falciparum malaria. Materials and Methods: Present study is a prospective study conducted in the department of paediatrics Konaseema institute of medical science Amalapuram Andhra Pradesh during the period from Jan 2015 to October 2018.Data regarding patient age, sex clinical presentation, investigation, complication and outcome are recorded. Lab investigation like haemoglobin, total leukocyte cannot platelet count, bleeding time, clotting time, blood sugar, blood urea, serum creatinine, serum Bilirubin, SGOT and SUPT were some for all these investigation standard laboratory procedure was followed. Result: In present study 60 patient admitted with proven malaria to our hospital were analysed. Severe malaria was present in 4(11.12%) p. vivax infection patients and in 2(8.41) P. falciparum infection patient. 4 patients having bleeding manifestation in vivax group and 2 patient having bleeding manifestation in P. falciparum group. Jaundice was present in 4 p. vivax infection patients and 2 P. falciparum infection patients. 12 (33.33%) P .vivax patients were presented with shock, 8(33.33%) patient in falciparum group presented with shock. Renal failure was present in 4(11.12%) p value patient and 2 (8.4%) patients with P falciparum infection. Cerebral malaria was present in 3(8.33%) p. vivax infection patient and 2(8.4%) p. falciparum patients. 2(5.56%) patient in P.vivax infection and 1(11.1%) patient in p. falciparum developed ARDS/pulmonary edema. Discussion and Conclusion: From present study we would like to conclude that both type of infection were presented with complication, organomegaly was common in Vivax infection but thrombocytopenia was common in falciparum infection. Hepatic and renal complications were more common in Vivax patients cerebral malaria was present in both groups.


To protect image contents, most existing encryption algorithms are designed to transform an original image into a texture-like or noise-like image, which is, however, an obvious visual sign indicating the presence of an encrypted image, results in a significantly large number of attacks. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose a new image encryption method to generate a visually same image as the original one by sending a meaning-normal and independent image to a corresponding well-trained generative model to achieve the effect of disguising the original image. This image disguise method not only solves the problem of obvious visual implication, but also guarantees the security of the information.