The present paper demonstrates that treating multidestination trips (MDT) as single-destination trips does not involve any systematic upward or downward bias in consumer surplus (CS) estimates because the direct negative effect of a price increase (treating MDT as a single-destination trip) is offset by a shift in the estimated demand curve. Still, ignoring MDT can greatly underestimate or overestimate the CS. In addition, we demonstrate that there is a sound theoretical basis for using preference information for allocating travel costs between different sites included in the MDT package. A novel extreme value approach is proposed, which does not require any overly restrictive assumptions about consumer preferences. This approach is applied to the zonal travel cost model of the Bellenden Ker National Park, Australia. Parametric and non-parametric estimation techniques are used for calculating CS estimates, and the effects of different MDT treatments and estimation methods are compared.


We develop adaptive estimation and inference methods for high-dimensional Gaussian copula regression that achieve the same performance without the knowledge of the marginal transformations as that for high-dimensional linear regression. Using a Kendall's tau based covariance matrix estimator, an $\ell_1$ regularized estimator is proposed and a corresponding de-biased estimator is developed for the construction of the confidence intervals and hypothesis tests. Theoretical properties of the procedures are studied and the proposed estimation and inference methods are shown to be adaptive to the unknown monotone marginal transformations. Prediction of the response for a given value of the covariates is also considered. The procedures are easy to implement and perform well numerically. The methods are also applied to analyze the Communities and Crime Unnormalized Data from the UCI Machine Learning Repository.


The question of how to place psychoanalysis in relation to science has been debated since the beginning of psychoanalysis and continues to this day. The author argues that psychoanalysis is best viewed as a form of applied art (also termed applied aesthetics) in parallel to medicine as applied science. This postulate draws on a functional definition of modernity as involving the differentiation of the value spheres of science, art, and religion. The validity criteria for each of the value spheres are discussed. Freud is examined, drawing on Habermas, and seen to have erred by claiming that the psychoanalytic method is a form of science. Implications for clinical and metapsychological issues in psychoanalysis are discussed.


An exponential increase in diverse load demand in the last decade has influenced the integration of more power plants into the power system. This increases the fault current due to the bidirectional flow of current, resulting in unwanted tripping of the relays if not properly coordinated. Therefore, it is imperative to ensure the installation of relays in the grid being able to sense the fault current from any direction (i.e. upstream or downstream). This can be accomplished by introducing an optimal directional overcurrent relay (DOCR) coordination scheme into the system. This paper presents an in-depth review of the applications of various optimization techniques for optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) in integrated power networks. The review highlights the advantages and limitations of techniques implemented to mitigate the DOCR coordination issues. Furthermore, potential research directions for optimal DOCR coordination are also discussed in this paper.


Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of elasticity contrast index(ECI)in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes.Methods Cervical lymph nodes of 48 patients were examined by traditional ultrasound and ECI in Peking University Third Hospital between December 2016 and April 2017. Patients were further divided into free-hand group and non-free-hand group according to the use of manual compression or not. With pathological or clinical follow-up results as the gold standard,we compared the diagnostic values of traditional ultrasound,ECI,and their combination in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant lymph nodes.Results Totally 138 lymph nodes were collected from 46 patients,among which 76 were benign and 62 were malignant. The ECI value of malignant lymph nodes(1.69±0.89)were significantly higher than that of benign lymph nodes(1.32±0.87)(t=-2.46,P=0.015).The area under receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve for traditional ultrasound in discrimination of malignant cervical lymph nodes with benign ones was 0.899,with an optimal cut-off value of 7,which had a sensitivity of 93.5% and a specificity of 84.2%. The area under ROC curve for ECI was 0.649,with an optimal cut-off value of 1.25,which had a sensitivity of 59.7% and a specificity of 60.5%. For their combination,the area under ROC curve was 0.724,with a sensitivity of 93.5% and a specificity of 51.3%. In the group without using free-hand technique,the mean ECI value was 1.77±0.94 for malignant nodes,which was significantly higher than that(1.26±0.81)for benign nodes(t=-3.09,P=0.003). In the group requiring free-hand technique,the ECI value for malignant nodes was 1.33(1.01,1.44),showing no significant difference with benign ones[1.32(0.78,2.18);z=-0.20,P=0.843].Conclusions Conventional ultrasound has higher diagnostic value than ECI and their combination in differentiating benign and malignant lymph nodes. The role of ECI in evaluating other organs requires further investigations.


The large U.S. current account deficit over the last decade-and the corresponding surpluses in China and elsewhere-has been interpreted in two very different ways. Many mainstream economists view the phenomena as primarily the outcome of a low rate of national saving in the United States, beginning with a large budget deficit (the other half of the 'twin deficits'). In this first view, the current account deficit is unsustainable, and will eventually result in a sharp depreciation of the dollar. But this unsustainability view has been challenged by a variety of other economists, with equally impeccable credentials. This paper enumerates eight arguments that they have given as to why we need not worry about the current account deficit. The paper is skeptical of all eight, and sides with the unsustainability view. But they deserve a hearing. The eight are: 1) the siblings are not twins; 2) alleged investment boom; 3) low U.S. private savings; 4) global savings glut; 5) its a big world; 6) valuation effects pay for it; 7) intermediation rents pay for it; and 8) second Bretton woods.


The smart factory environment has been transformed into an Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) environment, which is an interconnected and open approach. This has made smart manufacturing plants vulnerable to cyberattacks that can directly lead to physical damage. Most cyberattacks targeting smart factories are carried out using malware. Thus, a solution that efficiently detects malware by monitoring and analyzing network traffic for malware attacks in smart factory IIoT environments is critical. However, achieving accurate real-time malware detection in such environments is difficult. To solve this problem, this study proposes an edge computing-based malware detection system that efficiently detects various cyberattacks (malware) by distributing vast amounts of smart factory IIoT traffic information to edge servers for deep learning processing. The proposed malware detection system consists of three layers (edge device, edge, and cloud layers) and utilizes four meaningful functions (model training and testing, model deployment, model inference, and training data transmission) for edge-based deep learning. In experiments conducted on the Malimg dataset, the proposed malware detection system incorporating a convolutional neural network with image visualization technology achieved an overall classification accuracy of 98.93%, precision of 98.93%, recall of 98.93%, and F1-score of 98.92%.


For integers $k\geq 2$, we study two differential operators on harmonic weak Maass forms of weight $2-k$. The operator $\xi_{2-k}$ (resp. $D^{k-1}$) defines a map to the space of weight $k$ cusp forms (resp. weakly holomorphic modular forms). We leverage these operators to study coefficients of harmonic weak Maass forms. Although generic harmonic weak Maass forms are expected to have transcendental coefficients, we show that those forms which are ``dual'' under $\xi_{2-k}$ to newforms with vanishing Hecke eigenvalues (such as CM forms) have algebraic coefficients. Using regularized inner products, we also characterize the image of $D^{k-1}$.


We have shown recently that the use of high‐aspect‐ratio inorganic nanorods in conjunction with conjugated polymers is a route to obtaining efficient solar cells processed from solution. Here, we demonstrate that the use of binary solvent mixtures in which one of the components is a ligand for the nanocrystals is effective in controlling the dispersion of nanocrystals in a polymer. By varying the concentration of the solvent mixture, phase separation between the nanocrystal and polymer could be tuned from micrometer scale to nanometer scale. In addition, we can achieve nanocrystal surfaces that are free of surfactant through the use of weak binding ligands that can be removed through heating. When combined, the control of film morphology together with surfactant removal result in nanorod–polymer blend photovoltaic cells with a high external quantum efficiency of 59 % under 0.1 mW cm–2 illumination at 450 nm.


A facile, cost-effective, and highly efficient copper-catalyzed, TEMPO-mediated straightforward synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted naphtho[2,1-b]thiophene-4,5-diones has been achieved via cross-dehydrogenative thienannulation. The reaction proceeded via in situ generated naphthalene-1,2-diones by dearomatization of β-naphthols, followed by oxidative heteroannulation with α-enolic dithioesters chemoselectively in an open flask. Further, the naphtho[2,1-b]thiophene-4,5-diones undergo l-proline-catalyzed cross-dehydrative coupling with ortho-phenylenediamine enabling pentacyclic benzo[a]thieno[3,2-c]phenazines in good yields under solvent-free conditions. A mechanistic rationale for this cascade reaction sequence is well supported by the control experiments.


In the present times of crisis training is essential, and with that all disciplines that are looking to upgrade knowledge and to allow workers to increase their skills to find a job, improve where they already have or start a freelance career. Regarding engineering disciplines this is even more important owing to the speed at which new technologies are developed and because competition is not only in the products themselves, but also within knowledge and adaptability. This paper shows how the use of mechatronics and robotics in distance education can be a motivational tool to promote retraining of people of different ages (students, workers, students-workers, the unemployed) who with minimal training in engineering want to boost their careers or start new ones.


In Reply.— Dr Simmons may be quite right that the mediastinal mass may have been of thymic origin and that this was also the source of the abnormal cells. I do not know of any way to investigate this possibility. The illustrations of thymus from a pregnant guinea pig purporting to show eosinophilic globules are unconvincing. Dr Simmon's argument that globules rather than red blood cells were seen might be more persuasive if illustrations of human leukemic cells had been provided. I have never observed such globules in leukemic cells that could be mistaken for erythrocytes. Furthermore, the illustrations in the original report were of malignant histiocytes in the bone marrow and lymph node, not in the spleen. Although overlying red blood cells might be confused with erythrophagocytosis in the bone marrow, the normal absence of red blood cells in lymph nodes would make this error very unlikely. The presence


The objective of this research is to advance the state-of-the-art of applying artificial intelligence technology (both expert systems and neural networks) to enhancing the performance (safety, efficiency, control and management) of nuclear power plants. A second, but equally important, objective is to build a broadly based critical mass of expertise in the artificial intelligence field that can be brought to bear on the technology of nuclear power plants. This means the production of graduates at the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. levels in Nuclear Engineering and related fields. The research undertaken for this program is particularly appropriate for the M.S. theses and Ph.D. dissertations. A third objective is to transfer the technology developed to the ``nuclear power community,`` as well as the ``scientific and technological community,`` through publications in appropriate journals and proceedings and through presentations at national and international meetings.


BACKGROUND
This meta-analysis aims to clarify the effects of depression on the risk of ventricular arrhythmias.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Summary hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated employing random-effects models. Publication bias of the literature was evaluated using Begg's funnel plots and Egger's test.

RESULTS
A total of nine prospective cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, participants with depression, as compared to those who had no depression, experienced a significantly increased risk of developing ventricular arrhythmia (combined HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.02 - 1.73; p = 0.037). In a subgroup analysis, a statistically-significant relation between depression and risk of ventricular arrhythmia was observed in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients and in studies with adjustment for confounding factors, with pooled HR at a 95% CI of 1.78 (1.31 - 2.42) and 1.52 (1.11 - 2.08), respectively. No publication bias was detected by Begg's funnel plot and Egger's test.

CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis suggests that depression in patients was associated with increased risk of developing ventricular arrhythmias, especially in patients with CHD. Cardiologists and psychiatrists should be alert to the risk of ventricular arrhythmia in patients with depression. Moreover, the antidepressant medications (e.g., tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) that could affect heart rate variability should be used carefully.


An interaction between blood levels of parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, 1.25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and levels of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium was examined in 85 cows, which included healthy cows and cows with ostemalacia, mastitis and paresis. Levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin were determined in vitro using IMMULITE analyser (Diagnostic Products Corporation, USA), by means of immunometric assay. Levels of vitamin D were measured using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Levels of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were determined using the automated Eos-Bravo analyser (Hospitex Diagnostics, Italy) with HOSPITEX reagents. The lowest blood levels of calcium (1.38 +/- 0.18 mmol/L) and phosphorus (0.65 +/- 0.12 mmol/L) were found in cows with parturient paresis. Decreased blood levels of phosphorus and magnesium were also determined in cows with osteomalacia. For cows with parturient paresis, which received a mineral supplement, the average serum level of calcium was by 20.7% higher than the level found in those which did not receive a supplement, and the level of phosphorus was by 23.6% higher, however, these levels remained low. The blood level of parathyroid hormone ranged from 3.47 to 5.20 pmol/L in healthy cows and from 3.95 to 15.21 pmol/L in sick cows. The highest and statistically significant increase in blood PTH level (up to 18.31 +/- 1.88 pmol/L) was found in cows with parturient paresis. The blood level of PTH correlated inversely with the level of calcium in cows with osteomaliacia (r = -0.89) and in cows with parturient paresis (r = -0.49 and r = -0.61, respectively). The serum level of calcitonin ranged from 1.46 pmol/L to 2.40 pmol/L in healthy and sick cows and the difference was not statistically significant. Lower serum levels of vitamin D were found in heifers-in-calf and in cows with mastitis. A clear correlation between levels of calcitonin, vitamin D and macronutrients was not found.


Quantification of gene expression in cells or tissue can inform on etiology of disease. Complementing these approaches, we propose to estimate subject- and cell-type-specific (CTS) gene expression from tissue using an empirical Bayes method that borrows information across multiple measurements of the same tissue per subject. Analyzing multiple brain regions from the Genotype-Tissue Expression project (GTEx) reveals a subset of expression quantitative trait loci specific to neurons, others specific to astrocytes, and others active across all cell types. In another example, CTS expression of the BrainSpan atlas, which profiles expression patterns of the developing human brain, demonstrates potential insights into processes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Our analyses reveal clear CTS co-expression networks that, when combined with genetic findings in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), identify a cluster of co-expressed ASD-associated genes and implicate immature neurons in ASD risk.


Hydrogen is one of the future source energy because it has environmentally friendly. However, there are still some problems in the storage method of hydrogen. In several studies, it was found that Silicon based material is a promising candidate as a hydrogen storage medium. In this study, the effect of various temperature and pressure to the adsorption of hydrogen on amorphous silica with molecular dynamics simulation using Lennard-Jones potential. In this simulation, the temperature that i used are 233, 253, 273 and 293 K with pressure at each temperature are 1, 2, 5, 10, and 15 atm. The simulations had successfully visualized and indicate that amorphous silica has a good hydrogen storage capability where temperature and pressure affect the amount of hydrogen adsorbed. At low temperature (233 K), the hydrogen concentrations are relatively high than at higher temperature. The best result of hydrogen capacity is 0.048116% that occurred at high pressure (15 atm) with low temperature (233 K) condition.Keywords: hydrogen storage, amorphous silica, molecular dynamics simulation, Lennard-Jones potential, adsorption
*The paper has been selected from a collaboration with IPST and 7th ICFCHT 2019 for a conference entitled "Innovation in Polymer Science and Technology (IPST) 2019 in Conjunction with 7th International Conference on Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technology (ICFCHT 2019) on October 16th - 19th at The Stones Hotel Legian, Bali, Indonesia"


Inhaled furosemide has been shown to attenuate bronchospasm in asthmatics and to increase lung compliance in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The reports involving BPD used a dose of 1 mg/kg and some have failed to show an effect with that dose. We determined the pharmacokinetics of furosemide administered directly to the airway in 7 young adult male guinea pigs who received intravenous and intratracheal doses of furosemide. Each animal received a 3 mg/kg i.v. bolus, 1, 3 and 6 mg/kg i.t. in 2 ml/kg normal saline and 3 mg/kg i.t. in 2 ml/kg bovine extract surfactant. Blood was sampled multiple times after each dose. The mean fraction of the intratracheal dose absorbed was 0.50-0.60 for all doses. Surfactant delayed the absorption of furosemide but did not alter the fraction absorbed.


Protein glycation adducts, early glycation adducts, such as N∊-fructosyl-lysine, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are uremic toxins. Glycation adducts are found in plasma and tissue proteins (glycation adduct residues), in peptides (glycation adduct peptide residues), and glycated amino acids (glycation free adducts). The latter two analyte groups arise from proteolysis of glycated proteins and glycation of peptides and amino acids. Quantitation of glycation adducts in uremia is difficult because of the presence of many different AGEs at low concentrations in different forms in the presence of many potential interferences. Application of liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) detection to plasma, urine, and dialysate samples of uremic patients has provided a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of glycation adducts in uremia. Glycation free adducts accumulate markedly in the plasma of uremic patients and are eliminated in the peritoneal dialysate. Multiple glycation adducts, and also protein oxidation and nitration adducts, may be quantified concurrently. Glycation free adducts are the major form of glycation adduct eliminated in dialysate. LC-MS/MS may now be used to quantify concentrations, extents of protein modification, clearances, and excretion rates of glycation adducts in uremia.


The compressive strength and electrical resistance of pitch-based carbon fiber (CF) in cementitious
materials are explored to determine the feasibility of its use as a functional material
in construction. The most widely used CFs are manufactured from polyacrylonitrile
(PAN-based CF). Alternatively, short CFs are obtained in an economical way using pitch as a
precursor in a melt-blown process (pitch-based CF), which is cheaper and more eco-friendly
method because this pitch-based CF is basically recycled from petroleum residue. In the
construction field, PAN-based CFs in the form of fabric are used for rehabilitation purposes
to reinforce concrete slabs and piers because of their high mechanical properties. However,
studies have revealed that construction materials with pitch-based CF are not popular. This
study explores the compressive strength and electrical resistances of a cement paste prism
using pitch-based CF.


Molecular switches have been used as delivery vehicles for various species. The ones that reversibly operate with light are arguably the best candidates for the purpose as they can be operated using light. The two states of these photoswitchable systems often possess remarkable differences in terms of their structural features and electronic properties. Photochromic systems with the appropriate embellishment of functionalities at suitable positions have thus been used as photoresponsive receptors. The use of light-driven alterations of the structural features has led to differential molecular recognition with these switchable host molecules. In this article, we discuss the use of such supramolecular systems as the delivery vehicles for ions and molecules that started with the pioneering work by Shinkai back in 1979. This review will explicitly cover the development from 2001 to 2022 with some past background and the future prospect of the field.


In this paper, we propose a high-performance RISC-V soft processor with an efficient fetch unit supporting the compressed instructions targeting on FPGA. The compressed instruction extension in RISC-V can reduce the program size by about 25%. But it needs a complicated logic for the instruction fetch unit and has a significant impact on performance. We propose an instruction fetch unit that supports the compressed instructions while exhibiting high performance. Furthermore, we propose a RISC-V soft processor using this unit. We implement this proposed processor in Verilog HDL and verify the behavior using Verilog simulation and an actual Xilinx Atrix-7 FPGA board. We compare the results of some benchmarks and the amount of hardware with related works. DMIPS, CoreMark value, and Embench value of the proposed processor achieved 42.5%, 41.1% and 21.3% higher performance than the related work, respectively.


Interpretational difficulties experienced with currently used diagnostic radiation techniques can be reduced via the use of 3-D images constructed from conventional CT data.

Each 1.5 mm CT section yields interpolated sections (6 or 8) containing cubile voxels. Structures to be imaged separately are masked in the interpolated sections prior to windowing for the appropriate tissue. A special algorithm detects the surface boundary of the selected structure. The surface pixels are assigned gray levels based on their distance and attitude from the observer. When displayed, this produces a simulated 3-D image. The image can be rotated and sectioned. Rotations permit otherwise hidden surfaces to be examined. Images of two temporomandibular joints are presented, a) bony components; b) bony components + meniscus. It is concluded that the 3-D imaging process is potentially useful in diagnosing TMJ pathology.


Pulsating stars in eclipsing binaries are very important for understanding the structure of stellar interiors through asteroseismology because their absolute parameters such as their masses and radii can be determined with high precision based on photometric and spectroscopic data. The high-precision and continuous time-series photometric data of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) provides an unprecedented opportunity to search for and study these kinds of variable stars in the whole sky. About 1626 Algol-type (EA-type) eclipsing-binary systems were observed by TESS in the 1–45 sectors with 2 minutes short cadence. By analyzing these TESS data, we found 57 new pulsating stars in EA-type binary stars. The preliminary results show that these binary systems have orbital periods in the range from 0.4 to 27 days, while the periods of pulsating components are in the range from 0.02 to 5 days. It is detected that 43 targets follow the correlation between the pulsation and orbital periods of Algol-type oscillating eclipsing binaries (oEA stars), which may indicate that they are typical oEA stars. The other 14 targets may be other types of variable stars in eclipsing-binary systems. These objects are a very interesting source to investigate binary structures and evolution as well as to understand the influences of tidal forces and mass transfer on stellar pulsations.


This paper proposed a discrete operation mode for a punchthrough (PT) phototransistor, which is suitable for low power application, since the bias current is only necessary during the read-out phase. Moreover, simulation results show that with the new operation mode, the photocurrent is much larger than that of continuous operation mode. An ultra-high responsivity of 2 × 107A/W at 10−9 W/cm2 is obtained with a small detector size of 1 μm2. In CMOS image sensor applications, with an integration time of 10 ms, a normalized pixel responsivity of 220 V·m2/W·s·μm2 is obtained without any auxiliary amplifier.


The mechanism of stepwise mordenite recrystallization has been studied by a complex of physicochemical methods: multinuclear MAS NMR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and nitrogen adsorption–desorption. The recrystallization procedure included 4 steps: (1) treatment in alkali, (2) treatment in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant; (3) hydrothermal treatment and (4) hydrothermal treatment after pH adjustment to 8. Intermediate products were recovered during each reaction step and thoroughly investigated. The results pointed to the dissolution/re-assembling mechanism. The comparison with one-step recrystallization discussed previously suggests that the stepwise addition of NaOH and the surfactant does not affect significantly the recrystallization mechanism. In contrast, stepwise hydrothermal treatment with the intermediate pH regulation enhances the condensation of siliceous species formed during desilication, leads to their rearrangement into an ordered mesoporous phase and results in the product yields of 100%. Depending on the degree of zeolite dissolution and the extent of mesoporous phase overgrowth, two different types of materials were obtained: coated mesoporous zeolites and mesoporous materials containing small zeolitic fragments in the walls. It was shown that the latter could be obtained only using a stepwise procedure.


Multi-class and multi-scale object detection for autonomous driving is challenging because of the high variation in object scales and the cluttered background in complex street scenes. Context information and high-resolution features are the keys to achieve a good performance in multi-scale object detection. However, context information is typically unevenly distributed, and the high-resolution feature map also contains distractive low-level features. In this paper, we propose a location-aware deformable convolution and a backward attention filtering to improve the detection performance. The location-aware deformable convolution extracts the unevenly distributed context features by sampling the input from where informative context exists. Different from the original deformable convolution, the proposed method applies an individual convolutional layer on each input sampling grid location to obtain a wide and unique receptive field for a better offset estimation. Meanwhile, the backward attention filtering module filters the high-resolution feature map by highlighting the informative features and suppressing the distractive features using the semantic features from the deep layers. Extensive experiments are conducted on the KITTI object detection and PASCAL VOC 2007 datasets. The proposed method shows an average 6% performance improvement over the Faster R-CNN baseline, and it has the top-3 performance on the KITTI leaderboard with the fastest processing speed.


Polymer films composed of a polyacetylene-like conjugated polymer and 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide ionic liquid (IL) were synthesized using a 'one-pot' hydroiodic acid catalyzed thermal dehydration of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) precursor polymer blended with the IL. The dehydration of the precursor polymer and the formation of polyene segments, in films reacted at temperatures in the range of 60 to 250 °C, were characterized using thermogravimetry and infrared spectroscopy. In reactions catalyzed by HI, infrared, 13C NMR, and Raman spectroscopies confirmed nearly complete elimination of the hydroxyl groups of PVA at 200 °C, which was below the decomposition temperature of the IL in the blend. In contrast, the synthesis of the polyene–IL blend was not feasible in the absence of the HI catalyst, because pure PVA exhibited peak mass loss at about 280 °C, a temperature at which the IL also showed significant thermal degradation. Electrochemical and mechanical properties of the polyene–IL blends synthesized at 200 °C were investigated. The films exhibited both electronic and ionic conductivities. The charge conduction pathways were identified and quantified using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electronic and ionic conductivities increased by as much as four orders of magnitude over the temperature range of 25 to 115 °C. The storage and loss moduli of the films were measured using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and elongation at break was determined by tensile testing. Addition of IL to the conjugated polymer not only imparted ionic conductivity to the polyene films, but also greatly improved their mechanical properties, including the elongation at break.


Abstract. We present a novel way to recover intrinsic fluorescence in turbid media based on Monte Carlo generated look-up tables and making use of a diffuse reflectance measurement taken at the same location. The method has been validated on various phantoms with known intrinsic fluorescence and is benchmarked against photon-migration methods. This new method combines more flexibility in the probe design with fast reconstruction and showed similar reconstruction accuracy as found in other reconstruction methods.


Through this short paper I will be sharing some of the challenges and productive collisions that are fuelling "Forrest Lights", a current collaborative practice research project that brings together choreographer and performer Michelle Man and lighting designer and board operator Dave Forrest. Both artists work within a wide range of dance, theatre and site- specific contexts, and the prime factor that brings them together is their fascination for the reciprocal relationships that emerge from the interactions of light and the dancing body. In the "Forrest Lights" project, their starting point will be to reverse their habitual creative roles in order to provoke new methods for devising 'light-dance' work in collaboration.
To date our collaborative relationship has developed from working together over four years on short-term projects, where restricted time to 'play' with the material of light, protocols and creative imperatives have for the most held us within our prescribed roles. Nevertheless, inherent in our work is a strong sense of overlap, where Forrest through my suggestions gives shape to light environments that are integral to my choreographic thinking and making. Sensitized responses and spatial attunements are then made to the danced work, to meet these lightscapes. As the processes of "Forrest Lights" develop, attention will be paid to how these overlappings shift and become sites for creative and productive ex-change within our established premise of artistic role reversal. By framing "Forrest Lights" as a practice research project, we are setting ourselves new boundaries within which to affront challenges with a rigor that we hope will formulate fresh questions around collaboration, whist developing ways of scoring dance from light.
As "Forrest Lights" will be working with illumination operated through pixel mapping, my practice research will also 'be in conversation with' the dancers and their sensorial experiences in choreographic processes molded by digitally programmed lighting. In the mediated light environment we will explore Chris Salter's posit that "[t]echnology does something in and to the world modifying existing relations and constructing new ones between humans, tools, processes and the environment in which all are deeply entangled." (2010:xxxv).
Salter, C. (2010) Entangled: Technology and the Transformation of Performance. Massachusetts: The MIT Press


Historians work with complex spatio-temporal data to create narrative accounts of historical developments. Historical sources are complex and diverse. They are often incomplete and contradictory and are drawn from many disciplines. The historian has the task of analyzing all the available evidence before synthesizing and re-presenting the data to create and interpret narratives which might account for what happened and to whom, when it happened and why. In this paper, a proof of concept implementation of TimeMaps is presented. TimeMaps give historians an easily learned tool that will both aid the analysis of, and provide an effective means of visualizing, lexical spatio-temporal narratives. Using a temporal database structure, existing geospatial data sources, Java, XML and a natural language data capture mechanism, TimeMaps allow historians to use their narrative skills to create visualizations of spatiotemporal data.


As a developing country, Indonesia faces a crucial issue concerning the provision of health services to the public. The 1998 political reform led to demands for more aspiring and accommodating bureaucratic services being afforded to the public. The political reform brought about bureaucratic reform bearing good governance, wherein one of its forms is the provision of health services through the innovation of an information technology (IT) based service named e-Health. Keeping in mind Indonesia's characteristics as a developing country, the implementation of IT-based services evokes numerous debates. This study aims to analyze the implementation of e-Health along with the opportunities it has, and the challenges it faces. By using a study case approach on the Surabaya Municipality Health Authority as the initiator and implementer of e-Health, as well as observations and user surveys, the results show that in spite of having been prepared properly with supporting policies, infrastructure, budgeting, dissemination, and operational system, there were still many prevalent obstacles encountered, particularly concerning digital divide, technical difficulties, psychological barriers, and cultural issues. Nevertheless, there are numerous opportunities available for refining e-Health implementation, provided there is a political will from the government to improve and enhance the ICT infrastructure, widespread use of mobile devices, involvement of public participation, and equal distribution of service points easily accessible to the public. Strong government commitment also serves as a guarantee for e-Health service program sustainability in Surabaya Municipality.


In the proposal for this work, submitted in November 1990, the author described the application of silicon micro-vertex tracking to hadron collider physics, and outlined a plan of involvement in the first such application, at the CDF Detector, studying p{anti p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.8 TeV at the Fermilab Tevatron. The proposal included discussion on the use of silicon tracking in B physics measurements, and also some speculation on the ability of silicon tracking to aid in identification of the top quark. In the five years since this proposal, the author has played a significant role in the installation and commissioning of the first such silicon tracking device at a hadron collider, and the utilization of this device in the discovery of the top quark and the study of B production mechanisms. This paper is a summary of this work.


The growth of thin amorphous hydrogenated carbon films (a-C:H) on diamond (111) surface from the bombardment of CH2 radicals is studied using molecular dynamics simulations. Structural analysis shows that the local structure (e.g., the first coordination number of C atoms) of a-C:H depends critically on the content of hydrogen. The increase in kinetic energy of incident radicals leads to the decrease of hydrogen content, which subsequently changes the proportion of sp3 bonded C atoms in a-C:H.


Although Integrated Rice-Fish farming (IRFF) system is a potential technology but the adoption of IRFF farming system is very low and even decreasing. This raises the question of whether the returns and adoption of rice-fish systems are being adequately investigated. Most micro-level impact studies so far are based on cross-sectional data, which can lead to unreliable impact estimates, and also focus on productivity of IRFF systems, not its impact. This article presents results of a two-year panel survey with adopting and non-adopting indigenous farm households in Bangladesh to estimate the impact of adopting IRFF on small-scale indigenous farmers' overall welfare. Using propensity score matching with a difference-in-difference estimator we found that adopting IRFF has a positive and statistically significant effect on household total income and expenditure, total farm income, number of days fish is consumed in a month and the quantity of fish consumption per day in a month.


A massive open-cast coal mine was proposed for Phulbari in 1994, with the support of the government and international financial organisations. Threatened by displacement, the apparently powerless community mobilised against the mine. Allied with the national and the transnational activist organisations, they successfully stopped the mine. This remarkable success is the subject of the thesis. This resistance is compared quantitatively with the incidence of protests in 397 other mines in the South Asia. Predictors of protest include density of population, proportion of area under forest cover, and ownership by a multinational company. These factors alone would predict a high probability of protest in Phulbari. To understand how the resistance unfolded and why it was successful, the thesis relies on ethnographic evidence. I conducted participant observation and interviewed sixty-four individuals in Phulbari and Dhaka in Bangladesh and in London. Mobilisation against the mine can be explained in part by dialogic framing. Local challengers continuously opposed the dominant discourse of development. Crucially, they shifted their identity to legitimize their opposition to the mine by tagging it with nationalism. As a result, local resistance established links with national left-wing activists. Mobilisation culminated in a mass march of 70,000 in 2006, which was fired on by government forces, with several casualties. Repression failed to quail the resistance. Continued mobilisation was motivated by emotional responses like anger, and facilitated by cultural practices like the obligatory funeral procession. Media reports of the repression catapulted the resistance on to the global stage. This alone is not sufficient to explain the formation of a transnational alliance against the mine. This was maintained by the presence of a large community of Bangladeshi living in Britain, and the mediating role of the left-wing activists in Bangladesh; both groups could translate between locals and western NGOs. This transnational coalition impeded the mining company by targeting international financial organisations, Western governments, the government of Bangladesh, and investors in London. As a result, the company's share price has collapsed and there seems little prospect of the project proceeding.


In a Tokamak, magnetofluid-dynamic waves rapidly equilibrate pressure and toroidal field along magnetic surfaces. As a result, the detailed current distribution is determined by the flux surface averaged poloidal and toroidal currents. The portion of toroidal current driven by plasma outflow is identified with the bootstrap current. Given the toroidal current, the determination of the poloidal current, through Ohm's law, yields the plasma pressure. A combination of toroidal and poloidal Ohms's law, namely the component parallel to the magnetic field eliminates the influence of plasma fueling, and directly relates the bootstrap current and the pressure gradient. The latter is the usual relation, but, since it is infected with the uncertainties of the poloidal current drive, it is more problematic than the relation between bootstrap current and plasma fueling. In this paper the dependence of toroidal current and poloidal beta on various coefficients in Ohm's law is studied.


The return home of seriously ill very young children causes worry and upheaval in the family. The home hospital care team supports the child and his/her family enabling links to be forged between them, whatever the outcome of the illness, whilst respecting the rhythm of each family member. The situation of Flora, 14 months, illustrates this support.


Direct application of network coding at the physical layer - physical layer network coding (PNC) - is a promising technique for two-way relay wireless networks. In a two-way relay network, relay nodes are used to relay two-way information flows between pairs of end nodes. This paper proposes a precise definition for PNC. Specifically, in PNC, a relay node does not decode the source information from the two ends separately, but rather directly maps the combined signals received simultaneously to a signal to be relayed. Based on this definition, PNC can be further sub-classed into two categories - PNCF (PNC over finite field) and PNCI (PNC over infinite field) - according to whether the network-code field (or groups, rings) adopted is finite or infinite. For each of PNCF and PNCI, we consider two specific estimation techniques for dealing with noise in the mapping process. The performance of the four schemes is investigated by means of analysis and simulation, assuming symbol-level time synchronization only.


Refractive indices for crystals ammonium dihydrogen phosphate(ADP), 30% deuterated ADP(DADP), 50%DADP, and 70% DADP are measured from 253 to 1529 nm with 5 × 10-6accuracy. Numerical fits to modified double-pole Sellmeier equation are made. Second-harmonic generation, third-harmonic generation phase matching(PM) angles, and noncritical PM(NCPM) wavelengths are calculated using the Sellmeier parameters. The deuterated crystals show smaller PM angles than pure crystal. Fourth-harmonic generation process can be realized by DADP in smaller deuterium content than deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate(DKDP).The measured NCPM wavelengths are consistent with the calculated value. PM characteristics are compared between DADP and DKDP.


AI advice is becoming increasingly popular, e.g., in investment and medical treatment decisions. As this advice is typically imperfect, decision-makers have to exert discretion as to whether actually follow that advice: they have to "appropriately" rely on correct and turn down incorrect advice. However, current research on appropriate reliance still lacks a common definition as well as an operational measurement concept. Additionally, no in-depth behavioral experiments have been conducted that help understand the factors influencing this behavior. In this paper, we propose Appropriateness of Reliance (AoR) as an underlying, quantifiable two-dimensional measurement concept. We develop a research model that analyzes the effect of providing explanations for AI advice. In an experiment with 200 participants, we demonstrate how these explanations influence the AoR, and, thus, the effectiveness of AI advice. Our work contributes fundamental concepts for the analysis of reliance behavior and the purposeful design of AI advisors.


'Combining descriptive travel writing, autobiography, and the depth of the extended essay, "Life in Prairie Land" - back in print in this new edition - is a classic account of everyday life in early Illinois. Eliza Farnham, a New Yorker who would become one of the leading feminists of her time, describes the nearly five years she spent living in the prairie land of Tazewell County. "Life in Prairie Land" is a complex portrait of the midwestern wilderness during the 1830s - beautiful and ugly, beneficent and threatening. Farnham's vivid recreation of her experiences on the Illinois frontier offers a realistic depiction of the harsh pioneer lifestyle as well as a romantic view of an Edenic landscape."Life in Prairie Land" includes descriptions of Farnham's encounters with early settlers and Native Americans, her eye-opening experiences with birth and death, the flora and fauna that surrounded her, and the developing towns she passed through in her travels. Farnham's years on the Illinois frontier showed her the possibilities of a less restrictive society and planted the seeds that would later grow into firmly held and eloquently expressed views on women's equality'.


Research on the Snakes Morphological Characteristics on Campus of Andalas University Limau Manih had been done. The research was conducted using survey method and Dissemination of Information to Public accompanied by morphometric measurements and descriptions. The results of the research that had been done caught 2 species that consist of one family namely Elapidae. This family is refer to snakes which has neurotoxin venom glands, no loreal scalation, and mostly teresterial. Maticora bivirgata flaviceps (Cantor, 1839) which has no loreal scale, red coloration on tail, and head; Naja sumatrana Mȕller, 1887 which has no loreal scale, black coloration with yellow coloration on it's hood, and yelowish head.


Fonsecaea pedrosoi is a polymorphic pathogenic fungus, etiological agent of chromoblastomycosis, that synthesizes a melanin-like pigment. Although this pigment has been described as a component of the outer layers of the cell wall, electron-dense cytoplasmic bodies have also been visualized. In this work, we have correlated the appearance of intracellular electron-dense granules with the melanization process in F. pedrosoi. For this, conidial forms were grown under conditions where melanin was not synthesized. Afterwards, cells were incubated in Hank's medium supplemented with bovine fetal serum, at 37 degrees C, to stimulate the pigment production. The genesis of cytoplasmic bodies, with different stages of electron density, was demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy. The appearance of fungal acidic compartments, visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy in cells stained with acridine orange, was time coincident with the formation of electron-dense granules observed by transmission electron microscopy. The quantification of granule numbers as well as morphometric and densitometric studies were performed.


This study explores the contribution of banking sector development to economic growth for a sample of four south Asian countries namely, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Pakistan and India. The study employed Fixed Effect (FE), Difference GMM and System GMM models to the data set for the period of 1980 -2017. The findings of the study indicates that bank based financial development index constructed of private sector credit, board money(M2) and domestic credit provided by banks affect economic growth significantly and positively almost in all models. The result approves that bank based financial development contribute to economic growth and augment growth level in the sample countries. The findings conclude that bank based financial development is important in boosting economic growth and suggests sampled countries of this study government's channels and regulatory authority on further improvement on banking system in order to achieve higher economic growth.


The Josephson array voltage standards (JVSs) of the VNIIM and the PTB were compared using a new portable JVS (PJVS) as travelling standard. The PJVS which uses a 1 V programmable superconductive–insulator–normal–insulator–superconductive Josephson array is described in detail. The results of the comparison show that the new PJVS is suitable for comparisons and verifications of laboratory JVS with an uncertainty of less than 1×10−9.


Background. Despite the continuous and abundant growth of the game market the uptake of serious games in education has been limited. Games require complex technologies and are difficult to organise and to embed in the curriculum. Aim. This article explores to what extent game templates and game authoring processes can be designed so that they can easily be adopted and adapted by teachers while only using openly available tools. Method. It discusses the design and first evaluation of two game platforms: ARGUMENT, based on a wiki, and ARLEARN, a toolkit based on openly available Google technologies. ARGUMENT is a text-based game challenging students to take a position on a given topic. ARLEARN offers an explicit mobile and virtual gameplay environment and a defined authoring process to create game scripts. Results. ARGUMENT and ARLEARN have been evaluated in four small-scale studies, where educators designed game scenarios and students played the resulting games. Conclusions. The results indicate that both tools are useful instruments that can be operated by teachers to build games and game-alike educational activities and, additionally, are a valuable step to gain experience with serious games.


Deep palmprint recognition has become an emerging issue with great potential for personal authentication on handheld and wearable consumer devices. Previous studies of palmprint recognition are mainly based on constrained datasets collected by dedicated devices in controlled environments, which has to reduce the flexibility and convenience. In addition, general deep palmprint recognition algorithms are often too heavy to meet the real-time requirements of embedded system. In this paper, a new palmprint benchmark is established, which consists of more than 20,000 images collected by 5 brands of smart phones in an unconstrained manner. Each image has been manually labeled with 14 key points for region of interest (ROI) extraction. Further, the approach called Deep Distillation Hashing (DDH) is proposed as benchmark for efficient deep palmprint recognition. Palmprint images are converted to binary codes to improve the efficiency of feature matching. Derived from knowledge distillation, novel distillation loss functions are constructed to compress deep model to further improve the efficiency of feature extraction on light network. Comprehensive experiments are conducted on both constrained and unconstrained palmprint databases. Using DDH, the accuracy of palmprint identification can be increased by up to 11.37%, and the Equal Error Rate (EER) of palmprint verification can be reduced by up to 3.11%. The results indicate the feasibility of our database, and DDH can outperform other baselines to achieve the state-of-the-art performance. The collected dataset and related source codes are publicly available at this http URL.


The object of this study is to examine the visitor evaluation of the Diaoshuilou Waterfall and the Changbai Waterfall landscape and its surrounding in Northeast China. In addition, We how improve the surrounding of waterfalls. The respondents of this study were 55 visitors of Diaoshuilou Waterfall and 117 visitors of Changbai Waterfall. The result showed that the best season to visit the two waterfalls is autumn, then followed by summer, winter and spring. According to the visitors the best spot to see the scenery is from the front side. The artificials in the scenic spots have some influences on the Changbai Waterfall, though there are no influences in the Diaoshuilou Waterfall. Both the survey with the SD method and the research on the image of the Waterfall show that the differences between the two Waterfalls are about their [Geenery Amount], [Water Amount], [Drop] and their [Spread]. The result showed visitors evaluation of waterfall, in not only by viewing the waterfall, but also by the surrounding of waterfall.


In today's complicated financial world, sophisticated cash management is becoming the norm for most larger healthcare facilities. But what is relegated to the back burner is sound investment of endowment, corporate surplus, pension, or deferred compensation funds. For help with this, facilities need a financial specialist, the money manager. A good money manager strives to produce an above-average return on an investment by selecting investments to meet an organization's specific goals and needs, monitoring the portfolio's performance, and changing the mix of securities, bonds, etc., when necessary. The most important factor in any portfolio is how well the funds are handled. Just a slight improvement in average performance can make a vast difference in contribution costs or benefits. The key is finding the proper money manager to accomplish stated goals and monitoring the results to keep the funds on track. The money manager is only one of many players in any pension plan. Others include the administrator, trustee, broker, pension committee, actuary, and the monitoring service, which often performs the money manager search and monitors the results of his or her work. The money manager search also can be conducted by companies specializing in this type of service or full-service brokers who offer the service. Some money managers operate independently, and others may be affiliated with the brokerage firm. The goal is to find the money manager who meets an organization's particular needs.


From oil-contaminated soil, three lipase-producing microorganisms were selected as good lipase producers using rhodamine B-olive oil plate agar and they were identified as from Pseudomonas, Burkholderia and Klebsiella genera by morphology, biochemical characterization and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Among the three strains, Pseudomonas sp. ZBC1 was found to produce thermophilic neutral lipase which exhibited maximum activity at 80oC and pH 7.0. Plackett-Burman design (PB design) and response surface methodology (RSM) analysis showed that the optimum values of the most significant factors are MgSO4 (0.85 g/L), inoculum size (65.9 ml/L) and volume of medium (51.57 ml). Under the optimal conditions, lipase production by Pseudomonas sp. ZBC1 was enhanced by approximately 2.30 fold (from 8.50 to 19.50 U/ml). Keywords : Pseudomonas , lipase, thermophilic, response surface methodology African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(9), pp. 949-957


Recognizing multiple labels of images is a fundamental but challenging task in computer vision, and remarkable progress has been attained by localizing semantic-aware image regions and predicting their labels with deep convolutional neural networks. The step of hypothesis regions (region proposals) localization in these existing multi-label image recognition pipelines, however, usually takes redundant computation cost, e.g., generating hundreds of meaningless proposals with non-discriminative information and extracting their features, and the spatial contextual dependency modeling among the localized regions are often ignored or over-simplified. To resolve these issues, this paper proposes a recurrent attention reinforcement learning framework to iteratively discover a sequence of attentional and informative regions that are related to different semantic objects and further predict label scores conditioned on these regions. Besides, our method explicitly models long-term dependencies among these attentional regions that help to capture semantic label co-occurrence and thus facilitate multi-label recognition. Extensive experiments and comparisons on two large-scale benchmarks (i.e., PASCAL VOC and MS-COCO) show that our model achieves superior performance over existing state-of-the-art methods in both performance and efficiency as well as explicitly identifying image-level semantic labels to specific object regions.


The problems associated with determining the position of unmanned drifting buoys and constant pressure balloons from a medium. altitude satellite in a near-polar orbit are discussed. A system employing range-only measurements is described, and the errors in the computed position of the sensor platforn as a result of errors in range measurement, uncertainties in knowledge of the satellite ephemeris and the altitude and velocity of the balloon are analyzed. The oceanographic and meteorological operational requirements of this system are briefly discussed and the design implications of these requirements described.


n(+)-Catechin was a potential compound to be isolated and developed into natural antioxidant product, but it was unstable because it was easy to be oxidized and formed quinone metabolite. This became a problem in its development and isolation process. Factors that can influence the oxidation process of (+)-catechin were pH condition and storage time. Therefore, this research was conducted to know pH and storage time influence towards the (+)-catechin stability. Observation was done in two parameters which was the acid-base pH (pH 1,64-10) and the storage time for 8 days. The influence of both the parameters towards (+)-catechin standard stability was observed by the quinone metabolite formation from (+)-catechin oxidation reaction result. (+)-catechin was declared as unstable if quinone metabolite was formed by absorbance measurement in its maximum wavelength, 409nm with spectrophotometry method. The obtained result showed that (+)-catechin standard was stable in pH 1.64-6 for 8 days storage and was unstable in pH 7-10 showed by the formation of quinone metabolite for 2-8 days storage.


Objective: Multimodal treatments that include preoperative platinum-based chemotherapy are fundamental to the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of DNA repair protein expression in surgically resected NSCLCs in terms of prognosis and responses to platinum-containing chemotherapy. Methods: This retrospective study included 136 patients with NSCLC who were treated with preoperative platinum-based chemotherapy, followed by curative lung resection. ATM, RAD51, LKB1, H2AX, and SIRT1 expression levels were analyzed in resected tumor specimens via immunostaining and were used to classify patients and compare survival and responses to chemotherapy. Results: SIRT1 expression correlated significantly with improved responses to platinum-based chemotherapy (odds ratio, 2.28; p = 0.024), progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.74; p = 0.036), overall survival (HR, 0.63; p = 0.006), and tumor-bearing survival (HR, 0.62; p = 0.014). After adjusting for clinical variables, the HR of SIRT1 expression remained significant for overall survival (HR, 0.59; p = 0.039) but not for progression-free survival (HR, 0.74; p = 0.183). No prognostic stratification was observed for the other 4 markers. Conclusion: Patients with SIRT1-expressing NSCLC had superior responses to chemotherapy and longer survival durations than those with SIRT1-negative cancer.


The 'full sleeve' construction has been designed and accomplished in the horizontal cold-chamber pressure die casting machine. Main part of this solution is a counter plunger placed in a movable die half which allows for full filling of the shot sleeve and precisely fixes the metal quantity needed for casting. The purpose of this new construction solution is mainly the reduction of the casting porosity caused by air entrapment and the improvement of both castability and accuracy of the die cavity reproduction. For such a redesigned machine there have been performed examinations consisting in pressure casting of AlSi9Cu alloy (EN AC-46000) at varying plunger velocity in the second stage of injection and varying intensification pressure. The alloy castability (the die filling ability) has been measured for each parameter setting. For the purpose of comparison, similar measurements have been performed also for the conventional system without a counter plunger. The castability examination has been done by means of a specially designed die with an impression of a trial casting of variable wall thickness. The experiments have been held according to the assumed factor design 2 2 , what allowed for determining the mathematical models describing the influence of die filling parameters on the castability and the die cavity reproduction level. Both alternatives of the experiment confirmed the positive influence of plunger velocity and intensification pressure increase on the improvement of castability, the measure of the latter being the filled length of the impression. Applying of the new 'full sleeve' solution has improved castability for each experiment by about 20% as compared with conventional alternative. Castability in the 'full sleeve' system has been increased even for low values of plunger velocity and intensification pressure. For both alternative systems the influence of plunger velocity has been found, as an average, by four times greater than the influence of intensification pressure. The possibility of applying lower pressure values has been noticed for the shot sleeve construction with the counter plunger. This can influence favourably both the die and the machine durability. The obtained results have been explained and it has been pointed out that the 'full sleeve' construction can be widely adopted in pressure die casting of metal alloys.


The gas molecules appear to have zero average velocity in the rest frame of the pressure vessel, so it appears that they have zero average momentum in this frame. Of course, the gas molecules exert a force F = AP on a portion of area A of the wall of the pressure vessel, and since force equals the time rate of change of momentum, we can say that the gas can transmit momentum without possessing it [3]. When a sound wave is present, energy is transferred even when there is no net transfer of particles, as in the rest frame of the pressure vessel in the present example. If the rate of energy flow is dE/dt, then the (vector) energy flux is


Microsphere embolization of peripheral nerve results in a variable degree of ischemic fiber degeneration. To enhance the utility of the model, we evaluated the relationship between dose of microspheres to the supplying arteries of the sciatic‐tibial nerve to nerve blood flow (NBF), electrophysiology, morphology, and behavioral changes. There was considerable variability in the effect of embolization on nerve pathology in individual nerves. However, the dose of microspheres regressed with the degree of hindlimb paresis, reduction in NBF, degree of fiber pathology, and ischemic conduction failure of the tibial nerve, evaluated at day 7. All nerves with severe (grade 4) fiber degeneration had flows of < 3mL · 100g‐1 · min‐1. We conclude that it is possible to predict with a high degree of accuracy the severity of fiber degeneration by the degree of NBF reduction and by the electrophysiologic abnormalities. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Cultural changes that follow infection of rabbit kidney cells with fibroma virus were studied. Characteristic alterations of cell morphology and development of multilayered piles and cords of cells were found to occur in infected cultures in which cell division was blocked by gamma radiation or by cell crowding and serum deprivation, thus indicating no dependence upon cell division. Fibroma virus infection did not remove blocks to cell division, but it did exert distinct effects upon nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in cells blocked by radiation or cell crowding. Use of tritium-labeled thymidine and autoradiography demonstrated that after infection initial inhibition of nuclear incorporation was followed by sharply increased nuclear labeling at a time that coincided with beginning alterations of cell morphology and development of cell piling.


The Court held that a minor who is emancipated because of marriage may obtain an abortion without parental or spousal consent. It concluded that since the law views emancipated minors as having reached the age of majority, no consent should be required.


Inverse simulation is an inverse process of a direct simulation. During the process, unknown simulation input variables are identified for a given set of known simulation output variables. Uncertainties such as random parameters may exist in engineering applications of inverse simulation. An optimization method is developed in this work to estimate the probability distributions of unknown input variables. The first order reliability method is employed and modified so that the inverse simulation is embedded within the reliability analysis. This treatment avoids the separate executions of reliability analysis and inverse simulation and consequently maintains high efficiency. In addition, the means and standard deviations of the unknown input variables can also be obtained. A particle impact problem is presented to demonstrate the proposed method for inverse simulation under uncertainty.


Are rewards or penalties more effective in influencing user behavior? This article compares the effectiveness of subsidies and tolls in incentivizing user behavior in congestion games. The predominantly studied method of influencing user behavior in network routing problems is to institute taxes which alter users' observed costs in a manner that causes their self-interested choices to more closely align with a system-level objective. Another conceivable method to accomplish the same goal is to subsidize the users' actions that are preferable from a system-level perspective. We show that, when users behave similarly and predictably, subsidies offer superior performance guarantees to tolls under similar budgetary constraints; however, in the presence of unknown player heterogeneity, subsidies fail to offer the same robustness as tolls.


An algorithm for filtering noisy step-like signals is proposed. This algorithm is based on the assumption of Gaussian contamination. In this procedure data within a moving window is divided into two almost equal clusters and a hypothesis tests (F-test) for differences in the means between two such clusters. Histograms analysis and/or our a priori knowledge about the number of discrete amplitudes in the ideal noise free signal provide information that is used to filter the signal further and produce a clean signal with the desired number of discrete amplitudes (levels). As an illustration the method is tested by simulation. >


Anti-immigrant vitriol is growing, even disturbing our educational spaces. Teachers are also affected by the negative discourses around them and need to develop knowledge that shapes their attitudes and actions regarding immigrant youth. This article details a professional development with high school teachers that used reader response to develop critical consciousness, the ability to name, and then act on tensions and unjust practices. Specifically, the purpose was to develop knowledge that might affect teachers' attitudes and actions toward (im)migrant students in their classrooms and schools. The teacher educators engaged in a semester-long reader response initiative that consisted of reading and responding to a series of both informational and narrative texts about the (im)migrant and refugee experience. The high school teachers illustrated various levels of growth from gaining knowledge to engaging in action to better serve students at their schools, suggesting this reader-response model may be used to develop aspects of critical consciousness about other social justice issues in our society that affect teachers and the manner in which they engage with diverse students.


Genome sequence studies of chronic lympoid leukemia (CLL) have provided a comprehensive overview of recurrent somatic mutations in coding genes. One of the most intriguing discoveries has been the prevalence of mutations in the HEAT-repeat domain of the splicing factor SF3B1. A frequently observed variant is predicted to cause the substitution of a lysine with a glutamic acid at position 700 of the protein (K700E). However, the molecular consequences of the mutations and their contribution to the cancer phenotype are largely unknown. We aimed to investigate the consequences of the K700E mutation in SF3B1 on transcript isoform regulation in CLL. We sequenced the transcriptomes of six samples: four CLL tumour cells, of which two contained the K700E mutation in SF3B1, and CD19 positive cells from two healthy donors. We identified 41 genes that showed differential usage of exons associated with the mutated status of SF3B1 (false discovery rate 10%). These genes were enriched in pathways including "interferon signaling" and "mRNA splicing". Additionally, we found evidence of differential exon usage of the genes UQCC and RPL31 as a consequence of mutations in SF3B1 in our CLL data; notably, a similar effect on these genes was described in a previously published study of uveal melanoma. These data provide an initial view of transcript isoform consequences of the SF3B1 (K700E) mutation in CLL, some of which might contribute to the tumourigenesis of CLL. Studies of larger cohorts and model systems are required to extend these findings.


In a working group of the National Institutes of Health focusing on biomarkers and surrogate end-points, a biomarker was defined as a "characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biologic processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention" [1]. In the same document, the National Institutes of Health defined a clinical end-point as "a characteristic or variable that reflects how a patient feels, functions, or survives" and a surrogate end-point as a "biomarker that is intended to substitute for a clinical endpoint. A surrogate endpoint is expected to predict clinical benefit (or harm or lack of benefit or harm) based on epidemiologic, therapeutic, pathophysiologic, or other scientific evidence" [1]. Biomarkers accurately assessing disease activity and response to therapy are needed to develop better COPD treatment http://ow.ly/HHPKl


OBJECTIVE
In order to collect and evaluate information concerning aspects of injuries in our pediatric population, we developed the first Spanish Pediatric Trauma Registry.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
During 1995, 11,307 patients were seen at our hospital for acute injuries: 521 were admitted to the hospital and are included in our database. Each patient's protocol consists of 103 data points including: patient identification, type, place and mechanism of injury, prehospital care, transport, assessment on admission, severity scores, diagnostic studies, injuries, treatment and morbidity-mortality.

RESULTS
We found that accidents were more frequent in males (69) than in females. The predominant age group was 12-15 years (36%). Falls were the leading cause of injury (37%). A pediatric trauma score of 8 or less was seen in 13.4% of the cases. Twenty-nine patients were hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit and 214 needed some surgical treatment.

CONCLUSIONS
The utility of this registry is: 1) The knowledge of the epidemiology of our pediatric population. 2) To know and correct prehospital care deficiencies. 3) To improve hospital assistance and to recognize early prognosis factors.


Abstract:  The genus Leptopelis is composed of 51 morphologically conserved anurans which are found throughout sub-Saharan Africa. We describe a new species of Leptopelis from the Itombwe Plateau, a renowned center of endemism in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. The new species is included in a well-supported polytomy with populations of the widespread Albertine Rift-endemic Leptopelis karissimbensis. We recognize the new species based on DNA sequence divergence and distinctive components of morphological, ecological, and advertisement call data. The distinct calls between the recently diverged new species and the partially sympatric taxon L. karissimbensis are a likely consequence of reinforcement of species boundaries. Our recognition of the new species emphasizes the endemism and biodiversity of the Itombwe Plateau, a portion of which recently became protected as a natural reserve, but multiple anthropogenic threats are a continued cause for concern.


With the growing sophistication and use of information technology, the past decade has seen a major growth in cybercrime. Broadly described, cybercrime refers to all types of crime that exploit modern telecommunications networks, in which computers or computer networks are used for criminal activity.
This report focuses exclusively on financial cybercrime, specifically credit card fraud and identity theft. Financial cybercrime has increased dramatically in recent years and looks set to increase further as the proliferation of communications technology proceeds apace and reaches regions of the world with many underemployed poor people with information technology skills who can take advantage of cybercrime opportunities. The current global recession will likely increase this trend still further.


In principle, the access protocols of many communication or computer networks can be modelled as discrete-time Markov chains. In practice, these Markov chains are multidimensional, and due to the vast state space are unsolvable without the use of approximation techniques. Two such techniques are equilibrium point analysis and single station superposition. It is shown that these two seemingly disparate methods are actually equivalent under certain constraints.


The importance of this study arises from the nature of the Sudanese crude which contains wax. The crude gels when the line is shutdown for any reason. To restart a pipeline filled with the waxy crude oil, a sufficient pressure must be applied to break the gel and restart the flow. This research was conducted on Greater Nile Petroleum Operating Company (GNPOC) crude oil which represents one of the main crudes in Sudanese oil export. It has essentially aimed at studying the effects of thermal and chemical treatments on the process of pipeline restarting with emphasis on two major factors: the yield stress and the pour point. The experimental work was completed in five stages; two for the thermal treatment and three for the chemical treatment followed by analysis of the results obtained. The study succeeded in determining a temperature range for the thermal treatment and a temperature range at which PPD should be added for chemical treatment. Also the study determines the suitable PPD doses for GNPOC crude. Farther more, the study showed the effect of cooling rate during the heating cycle and effect of reheating.


SUMMARY A 24 hr continuous parallel registration between an absolute free-fall gravimeter and a relative cryogenic gravimeter is analysed. Different adjustment procedures (L,, L2 norms) are applied to the sets of absolute and relative readings in order to estimate the value of the calibration factor of the superconducting meter, as well as its uncertainty. In addition, a sensitivity test is performed to investigate the influence of some parameters (like the laser frequency and its short-term drift) upon this factor. The precision in the calibration factor is found to be better than 1 per cent, but systematic effects related to the short time interval may add another one and half per cent uncertainty. From preliminary results, it appears that this calibration experiment leads to a close agreement between the values of the gravimetric factor for the reference tidal wave O1 observed with the superconducting meter and the theoretical value (Dehant-Wahr body tide + ocean loading).


Alkylaminium sulfates are frequently detected in ambient aerosols, and are believed to be important in the nucleation of new particles in the atmosphere, despite the comparatively low gas phase concentrations of amines. In this study, water activities and osmotic coefficients have been measured, using a chilled mirror dew point technique, of aqueous mixtures of sulfuric acid and the following alkylaminium sulfates: methylaminium, ethylaminium, dimethylaminium, diethylaminium, and trimethylaminium sulf-ate. The samples were prepared by mixing solutions of the five corresponding amines and aqueous sulfuric acid and determining the exact aminium to sulfate molar ratios by ion chromatography. The results were correlated using an extended Zdanovskii–Stokes–Robinson equation to enable concentration/water activity rela-tionships to be calculated over the entire composition range from pure aqueous sulfuric acid to pure aqueous aminium sulfate. Water activities and osmotic coefficients for aminium:sulfate ratios of 1:1 (the bisulfate salts) and lower showed great similarity with ammonium bisulfate, but osmotic coefficients for the 2:1 ratio (the aminium sulfates) were significantly larger (and water activities lower) than for ammonium sulfate. These results differ from those obtained in Clegg et al.'s (2013) study. The relative values of the osmotic coefficients, in concentrated solutions, suggest that the numbers of methyl or ethyl groups in the aminium ion may have a stronger lowering effect on water activity than the alkyl chain length. Copyright 2015 American Association for Aerosol Research


Recent evidence has indicated that the recessive mutation affecting hypotrichosis in the Charles River (CR) "hairless" rat does not involve the hairless gene (hr) on rat chromosome 15. To determine if this mutation might be allelic (or orthologous) with any other previously mapped hypotrichosis-generating mutation in mammals, we have produced a panel of backcross rats segregating for the CR hairless rat mutation as well as numerous other markers from throughout the rat genome. Analysis of this panel has located the CR hairless rat's hypotrichosis-generating mutation on chromosome 1, near Myl2, where only the fuzzy mutation in rat (fz) and the frizzy mutation in mouse (fr) have been previously localized. Intercrossing fz/fz and CR hairless rats produced hybrid offspring with abnormal hair, showing that these two rat mutations are allelic. We suggest that the CR hairless rat mutation and fuzzy be renamed frizzy-Charles River (fr(CR)) and frizzy-Harlan (fr(H)), respectively, to reflect their likely orthology with the mouse fr mutation.


Doppler tissue imaging is a group of regimes based on the Doppler effect and the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the global and segmental myocardial function. Doppler tissue imaging enables to evaluate quantitatively the functional state of not only the left, but also the right ventricle. The using of Doppler tissue imaging is informative for assessing the global and regional function of the left heart ventricle. The Doppler tissue imaging made it possible to assess the systolic and diastolic function of the various segments of the left and right ventricles. The review presents the information about the principles and possibilities of Doppler tissue imaging, the new technology of ultrasound heart examination in assessment of myocardial function. The review also covers the history of myocardial Doppler tissue imaging. The main attention is focused on the characterization of Doppler myocardial tissue imaging regimes.


Motivated by applications such as automated visual surveillance and video monitoring and annotation, there has been a lot of interest in constructing cognitive vision systems capable of interpreting the high level semantics of dynamic scenes. In this paper we present a novel approach for automatically inferring models of object interactions that can be used to interpret observed behaviour within a scene. A real-time low-level computer vision system, together with an attentional control mechanism, are used to identify incidents or events that occur in the scene. A data driven approach has been taken in order to automatically infer discrete and abstract representations (symbols) of primitive object interactions; effectively the system learns a set of qualitative spatial relations relevant to the dynamic behaviour of the domain. These symbols then form the alphabet of a VLMM which automatically infers the high level structure of typical interactive behaviour. The learnt behaviour model has generative capabilities and is also capable of recognizing typical or atypical activities within a scene. Experiments have been performed within the traffic monitoring domain; however the proposed method is applicable to the general automatic surveillance task since it does not assume a priori knowledge of a specific domain.


According to the Kyoto Protocol and the burden-sharing agreement of the European Union, Austria is required to cut greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during the years 2008 to 2012 in order to achieve an average reduction of 13%, based on the level of emissions for the year 1990. The present contribution gives an overview of the history of GHG emission regulation in Austria and identifies the progress made towards the realization of the national climate strategy to attain the GHG emission targets. The contribution uses Austria as an example of the way in which proper waste management can help to reduce GHG emissions. The GHG inventories show that everything must be done to minimize the carbon input due to waste deposition at landfill sites. The incineration of waste is particularly helpful in reducing GHG emissions. The waste-to-energy by incineration plants and recovery of energy yield an ecologically proper treatment of waste using state-of-the-art techniques of a very high standard. The potential for GHG reduction of conventional waste treatment technologies has been estimated by the authors. A growing number of waste incinerators and intensified co-incineration of waste in Austrian industry will both help to reduce national GHG emissions substantially. By increasing the number and capacity of plants for thermal treatment of waste the contribution of proper waste management to the national target for reduction of GHG emissions will be in the range of 8 to 14%. The GHG inventories also indicate that a potential CO2 reduction of about 500 000 t year—1 is achievable by co-incineration of waste in Austrian industry.


A 2 1/2 in. diameter double-diaphragm shock tube, with cold hydrogen driving into an explosive oxyhydrogen mixture in the middle section, has been used to obtain shocks to Mach 13 in N2 or Ar, with a driver pressure of under 10 atm . There are two possible conditions to obtain uniformly driven final shocks, (1) an over-driven primary detonation, and (2) a detonation following reflexion of the shock at the second diaphragm, with shock velocity selected so that the detonated gas is just brought to rest until the second diaphragm breaks. The first condition could not be achieved experimentally because of w ave interactions following delayed diaphragm rupture. The second condition, with the reflected detonation, can be achieved with 3H2 + O2 mixtures; calculations, with a computer, have been made for optimum conditions at various driver pressures. For a driver at 9.6 atm a pressure of explosive mixture of 169 mm Hg is required to give a uniform final shock. The shock-heated gases have been studied by spectrum -line reversal observations of temperature, a xenon lamp being used as background. At 5600°K there is delayed dissociation of N2. This type of shock tube is relatively simple and suitable for small-scale laboratory research.


Background and Purpose— The role of more intense, sustained platelet inhibition in preventing stroke after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is unclear. We observed a signal for reduced stroke risk in the Targeted Platelet Inhibition to Clarify the Optimal Strategy to Medically Manage Acute Coronary Syndromes (TRILOGY ACS) trial after 12 months of treatment with prasugrel versus clopidogrel in medically managed patients with ACS. Methods— We examined 7243 patients with ACS, aged <75 years and without prior stroke, analyzing differences in baseline characteristics between patients with and without a stroke event through 30 months with a Cox proportional hazards model. We also assessed the effect of prasugrel versus clopidogrel (plus aspirin) on risk of all stroke events and ischemic stroke over time with an extended Cox proportional hazards model. Results— Stroke events were infrequent through 30 months (ischemic stroke=62; hemorrhagic stroke=15). Patients with stroke were older, had more comorbidities, and had a higher Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score. There was a trend for a lower unadjusted frequency of all stroke events through 30 months for prasugrel versus clopidogrel: 31 (1.5%) versus 46 (2.2%); P=0.08. There was a significant treatment-by-time interaction for those with ischemic stroke (P=0.03), consistent with the 12-month landmarked Kaplan–Meier log-rank test showing a reduced hazard of ischemic stroke after 12 months with prasugrel (P=0.04). No significant interactions between treatment effect of prasugrel versus clopidogrel and time were observed for all stroke events. Conclusions— We observed a potential late treatment effect for prasugrel versus clopidogrel for a reduced risk of ischemic stroke in medically managed patients with ACS aged <75 years. These hypothesis-generating findings suggest that longer duration and more potent platelet inhibition with prasugrel may be associated with lower risk of ischemic stroke after 12 months. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00699998.


Since opening its economy to the outside world in late 1978, China has experienced a massive, protracted, and unexpected economic upsurge, which has attracted the attention of a large and diverse group of researchers. China's three-decade economic reforms have reshaped the economic structure from plan to market, through a variety of policy actions, such as openness to foreign investment and efforts to build economic zones. Economic growth and potential technology transfer are indeed the main rationale behind the Chinese government's aggressive efforts over the past three decades to enhance openness and to increase domestic competition. This dissertation consists of three chapters. All chapters study firm behavior and their policy implications. However, the focus of each chapter is different. The first chapter (coauthored with Ann Harrison and Gary Jefferson) studies how institutions affect productivity spillovers from foreign direct investment (FDI) to China's domestic industrial enterprises. The second chapter separates the effect of agglomeration economies on firm performance (measured by total factor productivity) from the impact of competition and better transport infrastructure. The third chapter (coauthored with Philippe Aghion, Mathias Dewatripont, Ann Harrison, Patrick Legros) tests for the complementarity between competition and industrial policy.The first Chapter (co-authored with Ann Harrison and Gary Jefferson) investigates how institutions affect productivity spillovers from foreign direct investment (FDI) to China's domestic industrial enterprises during 1998-2007. We examine three institutional features that comprise aspects of China's special characteristics : (1) the different sources of FDI, where FDI is nearly evenly divided between mostly Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries and Hong Kong (SAR of China), Taiwan (China), and Macau (SAR of China); (2) China's heterogeneous ownership structure, involving state- (SOEs) and non-state owned (non-SOEs) enterprises, firms with foreign equity participation, and non-SOE, domestic firms; and (3) industrial promotion via tariffs or through tax holidays to foreign direct investment. We also explore how productivity spillovers from FDI changed with China's entry into the WTO in late 2001. We find robust positive and significant spillovers to domestic firms via backward linkages (the contacts between foreign buyers and local suppliers). Our results suggest varied success with industrial promotion policies. Final goods tariffs as well as input tariffs are negatively associated with firm-level productivity. However, we find that productivity spillovers were higher from foreign firms that paid less than the statutory corporate tax rate. The second chapter separates the effect of agglomeration economies on firm performance (measured by total factor productivity) from the impact of competition and better transport infrastructure. Consequently, this paper primarily addresses the problem of omitted variable bias in estimating the impact of agglomeration economies on firm performance. The results suggest that firm productivity is improved only by the presence of other firms in the same sector (localization economies). The inclusion of information on road construction does not affect the importance of pure localization economies. However, including a measure of competition in the estimation significantly reduces the importance of localization externalities. The results also suggest that both road-building and competition are positively associated with productivity growth. The results for sub-samples indicate that exporting firms and firms financed by foreign investment benefit more from localization externalities than do their non-exporting and domestically-financed counterparts. The third chapter (co-authored with Philippe Aghion, Ann Harrison, Mathias Dewatripont, and Patrick Legros) argues that sectoral state aid tends to foster productivity, productivity growth, and product innovation to a larger extent when it targets more competitive sectors and when it is not concentrated on one or a small number of firms in the sector. A main implication from our analysis is that the debate on industrial policy should no longer be for or against having such a policy. As it turns out, sectoral policies are being implemented in one form or another by a large number of countries worldwide, starting with China. Rather, the issue should be on how to design and govern sectoral policies in order to make them more competition-friendly and therefore more growth-enhancing. Our analysis suggests that proper selection criteria together with good guidelines for governing sectoral support can make a significant difference in terms of growth and innovation performance. Yet the issue remains of how to minimize the scope for influence activities by sectoral interests when a sectoral state aid policy is to be implemented. One answer is that the less concentrated and more competition-compatible the allocation of state aid to a sector, the less firms in that sector will lobby for that aid as they will anticipate lower profits from it. In other words, political economy considerations should reinforce the interaction between competition and the efficiency of sectoral state aid. A comprehensive analysis of the optimal governance of sectoral policies still awaits further research.


Online abusive language detection (ALD) has become a societal issue of increasing importance in recent years. Several previous works in online ALD focused on solving a single abusive language problem in a single domain, like Twitter, and have not been successfully transferable to the general ALD task or domain. In this paper, we introduce a new generic ALD framework, MACAS, which is capable of addressing several types of ALD tasks across different domains. Our generic framework covers multi-aspect abusive language embeddings that represent the target and content aspects of abusive language and applies a textual graph embedding that analyses the user's linguistic behaviour. Then, we propose and use the cross-attention gate flow mechanism to embrace multiple aspects of abusive language. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation results show that our ALD algorithm rivals or exceeds the six state-of-the-art ALD algorithms across seven ALD datasets covering multiple aspects of abusive language and different online community domains.


Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of highly purified human menopausal gonadotropins (hp-HMG) plus recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (r-FSH) vs r-FSH vs r-FSH plus recombinant luteinizing hormone (r-LH) in vitro fertilization (IVF) / intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) patients。Design :Retrospective cohort studyMethods:This was a retrospective study. Among a total number of 3568 patients who had undergone IVF/ICSI applications, 409 eligible patients were included.Total units of follitropin alpha preparations used in ovulation induction, total number of meiois-2 phase oocytes, total number of used oocytes in ICSI cycle, fertilization rate and clinical pregnancy rates of both groups were analyzed. In this retrospective cohort study, women undergoing IVF/ICSI Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist cycles downregulation. 409 patients were included in the study. Among them One group followed the current standard protocol of no LH or hp-HMG supplementation given(n=64). The other had LH supplementation in the form of r -LH (Luveris; Merck Serono, Switzerland) (n=221), Another group had hp-HMG supplementation in the form of hp-HMG (Menopur , Ferring,Germany)(n=121).In the Subgroup analysis were decided by AFC ,7 < AFC〈20 or AFC>20 of the three group.Result: Mean duration of stimulation and was longer in the group of patients treated with hp-HMG plus rFSH compared to the group of patients treated with r-FSH and the group of r-LH plus r-FSH (13.24 days and 12.72days and12.21days, respectively; P<0.05). The amount of GN does for patients treated withhp-HMG plus rFSH compared to the group of patients treated with r-FSH plus r-LH and the group of r-FSH alone respectively (P<0.05). Clinical pregnancy rates were 76.6% and 60.9% and 62.9% (P<0.05)in the groups of patients treated with hp-hMG plus rFSH, r-FSH plus r-LH,r-FSHalonerespectively. What's morea greater live birth rate was noted in the hp-hMG plus r-FSH group, there was statistically significant difference between the three groups (P>0.05).in the subgroup analysis when AFC>20 hp-HMG plus rFSH group have more lower ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) than r-FSH plus r-LH and rFSH alone,respectively.Clonclusion:The higher oocyte yield with r-FSH does not result in higher quality embryos.hp-HMG or r-LH supplementation is an option for improving IVF outcome in patients ovulation induction with r-FSH during GnRH agonist down-regulation. Particularly, hp-HMG is recommended as it may have a beneficial action on implantation in selected group especially AFC more than 20patients.


The purposes of the study were to compare the relationship of anterior guidance with condylar movement and to analyze the three-dimensional relationship of canine guidance and the working condylar path. The mandibular movements of ten subjects with normal dentitions and no observable temporomandibular joint abnormalities were recorded using an electronic mandibular measuring system capable of measuring six degrees of freedom. Measurements were made employing both canine and clutch guidance. The data were collated and evaluated making use of mathematical modeling techniques. It was shown that the movements of the working condyle were affected by anterior guidance. When canine guidance is not consistent with the working condylar path, there is a sagittal displacement of the working path created to compensate for the lack in harmony.


If the hazardous substances at industrial, commercial, and agricultural sites can be properly handled, stored, transported, and/or disposed of, there will be no environmental pollution, and no need to embark on any site remediation. With this concept in mind, the goal of in-plant hazardous waste management is to achieve pollution prevention and human-health protection at the sources where there are hazardous substances. This chapter begins with hazardous waste terminologies and characteristics. Special emphasis is placed on the manifest system, hazardous substances storage requirements, underground storage tanks, above-ground storage tanks, hazardous substances transportation, hazardous waste handling, and disposal.