Our previous research testified that XBP1S is a significant downstream mediator of BMP2 and is involved in BMP2-stimulated chondrocyte differentiation. Herein we report that ATF6 and ATF6a are expressed in growth plate chondrocytes. There are differentially induced during BMP2-triggered chondrocyte differentiation. This differential expression is probably resulted from the activation of the ATF6 gene by Runx2 and repression by Sox6 transcription factor. Runx2 and Sox6 combine with their respective binding elements of ATF6 gene. When overexpressed, ATF6 and ATF6a intensify chondrogenesis; our studies demonstrate that under the stimulation of ATF6 and ATF6a, chondrocytes tend to be hypertrophied and mineralized, a process leading to bone formation. Additionally, lowing expression of ATF6a using its specific siRNA suppresses chondrocyte differentiation. Moreover, ATF6a interacts with Runx2 and augments Runx2-mediated hypertrophied chondrocyte. Importantly, overexpression and knockdown of ATF6a in chondrocyte hypertrophy also lead to altered expressions of IHH and PTHrP. Taken together, these findings indicate that ATF6a favorably controls chondrogenesis and bone formation via a) acting as a co-factor of Runx2 and enhancing Runx2-incited hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation, and b) affecting IHH/PTHrP signaling.


A thirteen-year-old, male, castrated, non-azotemic European Shorthair was presented for treatment of hyperthyroidism. Thyroid scintigraphy using Tc99m showed bilaterally enlarged thyroid glands with an increased thyroid to salivary (T/S) ratio. The cat was treated with an intravenous injection of 4.84 mCi (179MBa) 131I. One year later, the cat showed clinical deterioration, including lethargy, weight loss and a louder heart murmur; iatrogenic hypothyroidism was diagnosed. Concurrently, renal parameters were elevated compared to the pre-treatment values. Supplementation with levothyroxine was started. Four months later, the cat was euthyroid and improved creatinine values were noted. In this case report, the diagnosis and management of iatrogenic hypothyroidism in cats and the interplay with renal function are described. An algorithm with recommendations regarding diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of these cats is presented.


This paper reports the modelling, simulation and fabrication process of a novel heated atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever. The fabricated cantilever is used for thermal dip pen nanolithography (t-DPN) applications where the heated AFM cantilever can deposit molten polymer. The ability to control the flow of the molten polymer via thermocapillary force during pattering is limited in current heated AFM cantilevers. We present a new design of the heated AFM cantilever to improve the patterning speed and provide the ability to control the flow rate of the polymer. In this paper, we focus on the nanofabrication part to explain different semiconductor fabrication process development and integration for manufacturing the heated AFM cantilevers.


The domain of Automation is thriving across the globe with a fantastic speed  and   features. A lot many types of applications arena are being  addressed  and also under consideration to mplement many others futuristic scenario. In contrast the project has been chosen for this   particular  field up importance in order to   make  the demand by industry learners  and academies  as  well. MNC s plays an important role  still  the chance is  open   to  welcome   medium size company also to make PLC platforms as  per  local   demands and budgetary frame. In most of the cases  it  is  founded the    big  corporation  often  design  their own  portfolio   and accordingly  come out   with   the    total solution through embedded  customizes   chips . In this way   they   manage   their   secrecy,  profitability and control  over  the  industry concern. In lieu with  this standard portfolio to  boast up  local industry  flexible PLC system can go  in  a big way and find  also sizable export market. Therefore our group has already framed  a small PLC console with dry some apps of   advanced nature and found working fine. The extendibility of this  system is tremendous of upgraded to any scale as per  the requirements of   the  customers  within  our   preview selection  of  our  2 to 3  robotics  apps blended with machine  intelligence    and  auto  control  facility have been taken  care  off.  The overall power   consumption is considerably low and    compromising   with   the quality never comes. It  is  our  strong  belief  that  through support from federal government, other venture capitalists.


A study on maximum acceptable lifting frequency during manual material handling task was conducted on 15 novices and 15 workers. A laboratory experiment with two lifting loads are considered in this study: (1) 1 kg and (2) 5 kg. Each subject adjusts his frequency of lifting using a psychophysical approach. The subjects are instructed to perform combined manual material handling task as fast as they could over a period of 30 minutes without exhausting themselves or becoming overheated. The physiological response on energy expenditure is recorded during the experimental sessions. The ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) for four body parts (forearms, upper arm, lower back and entire body) are also collected after the subjects have completed the task. The key findings of the study are the percentage difference of the MALF between novice and worker subject were 4.72% for 1 kg and 5.21% for 5 kg. The result revealed that although novice and worker did not differ significantly in MALF but a trend towards achieving significance was identified. In addition, there is a significant difference in the energy expenditure and RPE (p < 0.05) between the novice and worker whereby the novices tend to work harder physiologically than worker. This study highlighted that the MALF study need to be experimented on the experienced worker and not on the novice to obtain a better result towards the occupational health of industrial worker.


Incorporating formative practice with text content in a learning by doing approach has been proven to be a highly effective learning method, and therefore questions generated using artificial intelligence (AI) were developed to scale this approach as broadly as possible. Millions of AI-generated questions were incorporated into thousands of digital textbooks as a study tool available to learners using those books for any learning context. While this advancement of AI for learning tools is itself significant, the volume of microlevel data collected from the digital environment makes it possible to investigate how learners are interacting with this learning tool in detail. In this study, we leverage this large data set to investigate student interaction patterns with AI-generated questions, focusing specifically on how students persist when their first attempt at a question is incorrect. The aggregated data shows differences in interaction patterns by question type, while comparison to a single course in which the questions were assigned finds differences in patterns likely due to context. The implications of these interaction patterns and future research avenues are discussed.


Low temperature induces a number of genes that encode the proteins promoting tolerance to freezing, mediated by ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways in plants. The cis-acting element called C/DRE is known to respond to low temperature independently of ABA action. To investigate the signalling and network of ABA-independent pathways, the transgenic Arabidopsis plants were generated containing several copies of the C/DRE derived from cor15a gene with a minimal promoter fused to a GUS reporter gene. The transgenic plants containing four copies of the C/DRE (4C/DRE-GUS) showed responsiveness to cold and drought treatments and were used for characterization of cold signalling and cross-talk. Cold-induced GUS expression was inhibited by okadaic acid at 1 nM, indicating that protein phosphatase 2A might act as a positive regulator. Light was shown to activate cold- and drought-induced GUS expression. Photo-reversibility of the GUS mRNA by red and far-red light with concomitant cold treatment suggests a role of phytochrome as a photoreceptor in mediating light signalling to activate the cold-induced gene expression through the C/DRE. Furthermore, GUS expression analysis in phyA or phyB or phyAphyB mutant backgrounds showed that phytochrome B is a primary photoreceptor responsible for the activation of cold-stress signalling in response to light. Light enhanced the induction kinetics of CBF1, 2, and 3 encoding the cognate transcription factors, and cor15a, in a consecutive manner compared to the dark condition in the cold, suggesting that the connection point between cold and light signalling mediated by phytochrome is at a higher step than the expression of CBF genes.


The apolitical nature of the civic engagement movement poses challenges to our democracy (Saltmarsh & Hartley, 2011). The co-curricular experience is well positioned to address this phenomenon but little research exists to inform practice. This qualitative study uncovers how the socialization of senior student affairs officers (SSAO) influences approaches to student civic/political development. Implications for practice and future research are presented based on the findings from the study.


South Korea has been free from endemic malaria by P. vivax since the mid-1980s, but malaria infections, including military outbreak in 1995, have been increasing steadily in the soldiers serving near the western part of Demilitarized Zone(DMZ) since its first resurgence in 1993. We experinced 8 cases of delayed onset P. vivax malaria in young men who had never been abroad and had no history of blood transfusion or parenteral use of drug. All the patients had served near the western part of DMZ during their military life. They were admitted to Yeungnam University hospital due to cyclic fever with chills and the clinical symptoms were developed 2 months to 11months after discharge from military service. Peripheral blood smears showed typical ring forms and trophozoites of P. vivax in red blood cell. Patients were treated with hydroxychloroquine and primaquine showing rapid clinical and hematologic responses in all cases, but 2 cases were relapsed later. We presumed that theses cases were delayed onset of P. vivax infection resulted from the recent outbreak in the western part of DMZ, in 1995. Therefore, we reported theses cases to emphasize the need of active surveillance and prevention.


The quantum dynamic behavior of the system composed of V-type three-level atomic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) interacting with two-mode coherent light field has been studied. The results show that the atoms of V-type three-level atomic BEC, which are excited to higher-level states under the action of light field, still keep their properties of coherent states. It demonstrates theoretically that two-mode atomic laser may be prepared by V-type three-level atomic BEC.


ABSTRACT Background: There is no 'gold standard' method of rounding for hospitalists. This study investigates hospitalist rounding preferences to improve efficiency based on resources categorized under work assignment and communication. Methods: An anonymous survey containing demographics and questions on preferences for rounding efficiently by hospitalists were widely distributed online. Responses were presented using descriptive statistics and SPSS v26. Results: There were 143 respondents, majority male (60%) with (40%) female. Most (80%) expect higher patient volumes when working with an advanced practitioner (AP). Half (50%) preferred rounding independently, (34%) with an AP, and majority (62%) with a resident. Geographic rounding was most efficient at 85%. Text messaging for paging was preferred (70.1%) to pagers (23.4%). Respondents preferred calling a consultant (52%) or text messaging (40%). Majority have not used a WOW yet (74%) believe WOWs could improve efficiency. Majority prefer dictation via Dragon (47%) to the phone application (23%). Only 29% believe their EMR is too complex to navigate. Preference difference due to age was insignificant. Discussion and Conclusion: In this study, 143 hospitalists provided preferences for improving rounding efficiency based on elements from work assignment and communication. This analysis can provide insights on designing best practices for hospitalists rounding efficiently.


Hypoxia is an important feature of many diseases such as malignant solid tumors, inflammatory diseases and cardiac ischemia. Associate Prof. Tanabe and his research group herein focused on the development of a novel hypoxia-sensitive fluorescent probe, IQ-R, consisting of an indolequinone unit and a rhodol fluorophore. IQ-R has good solubility in water and longer wavelength for absorption and emission, which are favorable for cellular bio-imaging. While the fluorescence of rhodol in the IQ-R conjugate was quenched by the function of intramolecular indolequinone unit, it was restored under hypoxic conditions through the enzymatic one-electron reduction of IQ-R by NADPH:cytochrome P450 reductase to release the nonconjugated free rhodol. When administered to A549 cells, IQ-R was activated and reduced by endogenous reductase preferentially under hypoxic conditions, thereby visualizing hypoxic cancer cells by robust fluorescence. int.saci.kyoto-u.ac.jp/?p=2300


In this article, a thorough overview of behavioral modeling and predistortion of dynamic nonlinearities in RF PAs and transmitters was presented. The sensitivity of the DUT behavior to the characteristics of the stimulus was reviewed to ensure appropriate conditions for accurate observation. Nearly all state-of-the-art behavioral models were described and their relative performance and complexity discussed. Similarities and specifics of behavioral modeling and digital predistortion were presented. Thereby, digital predistortion can be seen as a behavioral modeling problem for which performance assessment is much more straightforward. For DUT behavioral modeling, there is no comprehensive metric that allows the model performance evaluation while taking into account the model accuracy in predicting all the three components of the DUT behavior (in-band distortion, static nonlinearity and memory effects). Finally, a software digital predistortion solution that enables closed-loop wideband linearization was briefly presented with excellent linearization capabilities when amplifying a 12-carrier 60-MHZ wide WCDMA signal.


A 72-year-old female was transported by ambulance to our department to undergo transthoracic surgery. She had previously undergone transabdominal surgery under a diagnosis of adult Bochdalek hernia, but the restoration was believed to have been incomplete. During the transthoracic procedure, a dorsolateral defect of the diaphragm was detected and reinforcement with a Gore-Tex patch was performed. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful. Adult Bochdalek hernia is rare, but it requires immediate surgical intervention. Although transabdominal surgery is generally considered the first line treatment approach to restore Bochdalek hernia, restoration of the diaphragm is occasionally difficult. On the other hand, a transthoracic approach is thought to be effective as it allows for observation of the lung and diaphragm, and easy closure of the diaphragmatic defect. As complete restoration through early surgical intervention is important, a transthoracic approach in conjunction with transabdominal surgery should be considered whenever necessary.


Abstract. Epipolar geometry of a stereopair can be expressed either in 3D, as the relative orientation (i.e. translation and rotation) of two bundles of optical rays in case of calibrated cameras or, in case of unclalibrated cameras, in 2D as the position of the epipoles on the image planes and a projective transformation that maps points in one image to corresponding epipolar lines on the other. The typical coplanarity equation describes the first case; the Fundamental matrix describes the second. It has also been proven in the Computer Vision literature that 2D epipolar geometry imposes two independent constraints on the parameters of camera interior orientation. In this contribution these constraints are expressed directly in 3D Euclidean space by imposing the equality of the dihedral angle of epipolar planes defined by the optical axes of the two cameras or by suitably chosen corresponding epipolar lines. By means of these constraints, new closed form algorithms are proposed for the estimation of a variable or common camera constant value given the fundamental matrix and the principal point position of a stereopair.


In earlier work cloning is proposed as a means for efficiently splitting a running simulation midway through its execution into multiple parallel simulations. In simulation cloning, clones usually are able to share computations that occur early in the simulation, but as their states diverge individual LPs are replicated as necessary so that their computations proceed independently. However, if, over time the state of the clones (or their constituent LPs) converges there is, as of yet, no means for recombining them. In this case some efficiency is lost because they will execute identical events. This idea is the reverse of cloning, as we merge logical processes that have been previously cloned and we show that this can further increase efficiency because the new un-cloned LPs will complete computations that would otherwise be duplicated. We discuss our implementation of merging, and illustrate its effectiveness in several example simulation scenarios.


Obama, Lincoln, Elizabeth I, Merkel, Sarkozy, Streep/Thatcher, Papandreou, Berlusconi, Gadaffi, Henry VIII. Leadership is in the news and leadership influences outcomes. Primary care sports and exercise medicine has benefitted from transformational leadership in certain countries. Building a national primary care sports and exercise medicine body with 1500 or more members requires a guiding coalition1 to focus on the common, compelling goal.2 It takes a community and it takes a professional lifetime. If quasi-leaders cannot subvert their personal ambition to genuinely support each other to benefit, the collective things go awry.3 Underperformance has many faces.

The American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) has benefitted from 21 years of transformational leadership. The result is a brilliantly supportive milieu for American primary care physicians and fellows which means better outcomes for patients. Lives saved. AMSSM is a jewel in the global primary care sports and exercise medicine crown. In a free, very competitive, market, US primary care physicians vote with their feet for AMSSM. Membership is accelerating, conference attendance climbs year over year and balance sheets point to sustainability. The organisation may serve as a role model, a 'success story' for some, and as a result AMSSM is now able to offer terrific value for international physicians who wish to join. More on that over the page.

1. Facebook effect – 845 million people cannot be wrong. People join Facebook to share common interests – it provides a forum. That 2000+ year old Roman word, forum, highlights the need to gather. No woman or man is an island. AMSSM is the nationwide sports and exercise medicine interest group exclusively dedicated to US primary care sports physicians. No need to get primary care on the agenda. Primary care sports and exercise medicine …


Capillary electrophoresis has become an important and useful method to separate and determine DNA fragments. In molecular biochemistry, the volume of DNA sample is very small (microL level) and DNA sample is liable to be contaminated and degraded. According to theoretical inference and experiments, we propose that dilution of DNA sample solution can increase separation efficiency and resolution without evidently reducing height of peaks. By this method, the usage efficiency of DNA sample can be improved. It is also demonstrated the separation and detection of DNA fragments by capillary electrophoresis with hydroxyethyl cellulose non-gel sieving matrix and with laser-induced fluorescence charge-coupled device as detector. By using lower concentration non-gel matrix (0.4%), all 8 larger size fragments of lambda DNA/Hind III (125 bp-23 130 bp) can be completely separated. Twenty smaller size fragments of pBR322-Hae III DNA (18 bp-587 bp) can be separated by higher concentration (1.6%) non-gel matrix. As ratio of sample dilution is 10, two adjacent fragment (123 bp and 124 bp) of pBR322-Hae III DNA can be separated.


Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA) are designated by the International Maritime Organisation in order to offer protection to marine areas that are vulnerable to the impacts of international shipping and maritime activities. The concept of PSSAs dates back to 1978, however it was not until 1990 that the Great Barrier Reef became the first designated PSSA. S ince then the guidelines for designation of an area s PSSA have been amended several times . However the question of whether designated PSSAs are afforded greater protection from shipping is debateable. This research attempt s to establish whether the PSSA designation is an effective protective mechanism. This was investigated by undertaking an evaluation of the Wadden Sea PSSA, which was designated i n 2002. A framework was developed that enabled an evaluation of the Wadden Sea PSSA. To develop the evaluative framework e xisting international and regional environmental protecti on agreements, such as the Convention o n Biological Diversity and IUCN Marine Protected Areas were reviewed to identify the processes involved for identification and assessment of protected areas. The findings of this exercise informed the choice of the pressure, state, response basis for the evaluation and the identification of an indicator suite in order to assess the environmental quality of the area. Indicators utilised were those that had a clear shipping signal and which were also of high relevance to the Wadden Sea PSSA. The findings of the evaluation of the Wadden Sea were somewhat inconclusive. Whilst the Wadden Sea has been monitored for environmental quality for many years and appears to be in a healthy state it is unclear whether this is directly linked w ith the designation of the area as a PSSA and/or the suite of other multiple protective designations currently in place. With respect to the PSSA specifically, there was no baseline data which could form the basis of a detailed spatial or temporal analysis, there was disparity and inconsistency of data available and a general lack of data with a clear shipping signal. From the evaluation undertaken it was clear that major issues when trying to measure the effectiveness of a PSSA were firstly, the lack of requirement for undertaking a comprehensive risk analysis of t he proposed PSSA prior to designation which would provide clear and appropriate baseline data. Secondly, the lack of a formal monitoring and assessment programme to be instigated at the time of designation, whi ch would ensure appropriate data was available for temporal and spatial analysis . Finally a major issue related to the lack of stakeholder knowledge and understanding of the location, function and purpose of a PSSA once the designation had been agreed and put in place. CONTENTS CHAPTER 1


In system synthesis, one need to derive from a given set of processes a system design which is correct in the sense that the system is well-behaved (that is, live, bounded and reversible). This is especially important for shared-resource systems, in which erroneous situations such as deadlock and capacity overflow are easily induced because of the sharing of common resources among different asynchronous processes. In this paper, a process-based method is proposed for verifying the well-behavedness of a system. The method can be performed at an early stage of system development, where functional requirements are elicited and interpreted as processes. By specifying the given processes as augmented marked graphs, we perform stepwise synthesis of these augmented marked graphs through the fusion of their common places which denote the shared resources. Liveness, boundedness and reversibility can be effectively checked by making use of the special properties of augmented marked graphs


CeO₂-promoted Ni/Al₂O₃ catalysts were fabricated by impregnation. The effects of the CeO₂ promotion and impregnation order on the microstructural evolution and catalytic durability were investigated for methane steam reforming. The CeO₂-promoter nanoparticles resulted in good dispersion and reduced particle size of Ni catalysts. The enhanced durability of CeO₂-promoted Ni/Al₂O₃ catalysts might be associated with the depression of carbon deposition by the presence of CeO₂-promoter nanoparticles.


The conformational analysis of the synthetic chiral modifier O-phenyl-cinchonidine (PhOCD) used in enantioselective hydrogenations over noble metal catalysts has been performed at a PM3 semiempirical level in vacuum. The minimum energy conformations calculated at the DFT level with a medium-size basis set have been compared to those of the parent alkaloid cinchonidine (CD). PhOCD behaves similarly to CD and shows four main conformers, denoted as Closed(1), Closed(2), Open(3), and Open(4). Open(3) is found to be the most stable in vacuum and in CH2Cl2 and CCl4 solvents. A comprehensive normal-mode analysis has been performed for these conformers, and assignment of the infrared spectrum of PhOCD in CCl4 (epsilon = 2.2) has been performed using the calculated spectrum of Open(3), which appears to be the most populated in this solvent. A combined theoretical-experimental VCD spectroscopy approach was used to increase the spectroscopic sensitivity toward changes in the distribution of conformers upon change of solvent polarity. The VCD spectra confirm that Open(3) is by far the most stable conformation in CCl4 (epsilon = 2.2) and indicate that an excess Closed(2) conformer has to be expected in CD2Cl2 (epsilon = 8.9). The possible influence of this conformational behavior is discussed on the basis of available catalytic data and in relation to the enantioselective potential of PhOCD as a chiral modifier on supported metal catalysts.


The paper presents results concerning serum creatine kinase (CPK) activity before and at different times following the surgery of extraocular muscles at concomitant strabismus. The operation evokes statistically significant increase of CPK activity which tends to normalize during healing processes.


The Computer Engineering Program at UnicenP (Centro Universitario Positivo) has an annual serial structure. This paper presents the integration effort of the courses in the hardware area. The focus of this work is the following set of courses: the Computer Engineering Project course of the freshman year, Digital Systems course and Computer Architecture & Organization course, both of the sophomore year and Microprocessors course, of the junior year. This integration effort has as main objective the improvement of the multidisciplinary formation with basis in a continuous integration between theory and practice in engineering. We present the contents developments, the experimental activities and the courses final projects. The interdisciplinary relationships are described as well its contribution for a multidisciplinary formation, pointing out the influence on the increase of the learning level, a consequence of the reinforcement and the integration between theory and practice


Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, some autistic children exhibited maladaptive eating behaviours, yet the pandemic presented additional challenges for families beyond the general disruption COVID-19. The present study investigated parental perspectives of their autistic child ' s eating behaviours in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using reflexive thematic analysis, semi-structured interviews of 15 caregivers of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder were analysed. Three main themes were constructed: importance of control; exposure to food and family mealtimes; and an increase in snack and ' junk ' food. Eating behaviours in autistic children were both positively and negatively affected by the COVID-19 lockdown. Whilst all parents felt under pressure with extra care responsibilities, some described less concern over food intake during the first lockdown because they were able to support their child ' s mealtimes and have new food experiences. By the end of the lockdowns, many parents reported worsening of eating behaviours, with children more likely to have a restricted diet, and eating more snack foods. Food shortages also triggered additional stress with parents unable to access their child ' s preferred food. The findings suggested reducing anxiety triggers and increasing food exposure in safe contexts may aid autistic children in trying new varieties of food. However, to minimise long-term eating difficulties during times of uncertainty when food access may be difficult, parents of autistic children would benefit from wider understanding, acceptance and support managing their child ' s selective eating.


Complications following hip arthroplasty have a wide variation and range in incidence from 1.1% for pulmonary embolism to over 70% for infrapopliteal deep vein thrombosis. Recognition of the risk factors and all of the possible types of complications places the surgeon in a better position to detect such complications and formulate a plan to treat them. This article documents some ofthe complications that can occur during or after surgery following hip surgery. These complications are stratified as systemic and procedure specific.


Surface flashover is a major consideration in a wide variety of high-voltage applications, and yet has not been studied in great detail for atmospheric conditions, with modern diagnostic tools. Environmental conditions to be considered include pressure, humidity, and gas present in the volume surrounding the dielectric. In order to gain knowledge into the underlying process involved in dielectric surface flashover, a setup has been created to produce and closely monitor the flashover event. Within the setup parameters such as geometry, material, and temporal characteristics of the applied voltage can be altered. Current, voltage, luminosity, and optical emission spectra are measured with nanosecond to subnanosecond resolution. Spatially and temporally resolved light emission data is also gathered along the arc channel. Our fast imaging data show a distinct trend for the spark in air to closely follow the surface even if an electrical field with a strong normal component is present. This tendency is lacking in the presence of gases such as nitrogen, where the spark follows more closely the electric field lines and develops away from the surface. Further, the breakdown voltage in all measured gases decreases with increasing humidity, in some cases as much as 50% with an increase from 10% relative humidity to 90% relative humidity.


Diffusion and electrical properties of iron-related defects in n-type silicon are studied in Czochralski (CZ) and floating zone (FZ) silicon by means of deep level transient spectroscopy and the Hall effect. Introduction and annealing behaviors of electrically active iron-related defects reveal that these defects can be related to complexes containing interstitial iron atoms. The formation of iron-related defects at high temperatures includes defect reaction processes such that the observed complexes could be due to the intermediate states in consecutive reactions of iron-related complex formation. The electrically active complexes are independent of phosphorus or oxygen atoms. The iron-related defects observed in CZ silicon are identical to those observed in FZ silicon.


Nuclear receptors are key transcription factors that regulate crucial gene networks responsible for cell growth, differentiation, and homeostasis. Nuclear receptors form a superfamily of phylogenetically related proteins and control functions associated with major diseases (e.g. diabetes, osteoporosis, and cancer). In this study, a novel method has been developed for classifying the subfamilies of nuclear receptors. The classification was achieved on the basis of amino acid and dipeptide composition from a sequence of receptors using support vector machines. The training and testing was done on a non-redundant data set of 282 proteins obtained from the NucleaRDB data base (1). The performance of all classifiers was evaluated using a 5-fold cross validation test. In the 5-fold cross-validation, the data set was randomly partitioned into five equal sets and evaluated five times on each distinct set while keeping the remaining four sets for training. It was found that different subfamilies of nuclear receptors were quite closely correlated in terms of amino acid composition as well as dipeptide composition. The overall accuracy of amino acid composition-based and dipeptide compositionbased classifiers were 82.6 and 97.5%, respectively. Therefore, our results prove that different subfamilies of nuclear receptors are predictable with considerable accuracy using amino acid or dipeptide composition. Furthermore, based on above approach, an online web service, NRpred, was developed, which is available at www.imtech.res.in/raghava/nrpred.


Our work involves characterization of the tumor microenvironment of high-grade serous ovarian cancer, HGSC, especially peritoneal metastases, and investigation of novel therapies that target interactions between malignant and non-transformed cells. In mouse models and human biopsies, we have found prominent populations of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and CD68+ macrophages within and surrounding the malignant cell areas of peritoneal tumors. Fibroblasts surround this tumor microenvironment and clusters of B cells are also close by the malignant cells in tertiary lymphoid structures. Twenty-50% of the tumor mass of these peritoneal metastases is comprised of non-transformed cells. In mouse models we find that malignant cells adhere rapidly to peritoneal surfaces and within 48 hours these cells attract peritoneal leukocytes. In tumor deposits that form in avascular areas, the cell mass becomes vascularized within 2-6 weeks depending on the model. Three key cytokine/chemokine mediators of cancer-related inflammation, TNF, CXCL12 and IL6, are involved in an autocrine cytokine network in malignant cells from ovarian cancer. This network has paracrine actions on angiogenesis, infiltration of myeloid cells and NOTCH signalling in both murine xenografts and human HGSC biopsies. With a cohort of matched omental biopsies and blood samples taken from HGSC patients at diagnosis, and after 3-4 cycles of chemotherapy, we are now able to obtain information on the influence of chemotherapy on cancer-related inflammation. Neutralising antibodies or siRNA to individual members of this TNF network reduce angiogenesis, myeloid cell infiltration and experimental peritoneal tumor growth. The dependency of network genes on TNF was demonstrated by their down regulation in tumor cells from patients with advanced ovarian cancer following the infusion of anti-TNF antibodies. We also investigated the therapeutic potential of an anti-human IL6 antibody (siltuximab). The clinical, pre-clinical and in silico experiments showed that antibodies to IL-6 can have multiple actions within the tumor microenvironment of ovarian cancer including reductions in cytokine production, tumor angiogenesis and tumor macrophage infiltrate as well as reducing the paraneoplastic thrombocytosis found in some patients with HGSC. We are now investigating rational combinations of anti-cytokine antibodies with other treatments that target the tumor microenvironment. In particular we are investigating signaling pathways that are upregulated when ovarian cancer cells are treated with neutralizing anti-IL-6 antibodies. Our experiments are leading us to suggest ways to combine inflammatory cytokine antagonists with other treatments for serous ovarian cancer. Citation Format: Frances Rosemary Balkwill. Targeting the inflammatory cytokine network of serous ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr IA23.


This paper presents a fast deblurring method that produces a deblurring result from a single image of moderate size in a few seconds. We accelerate both latent image estimation and kernel estimation in an iterative deblurring process by introducing a novel prediction step and working with image derivatives rather than pixel values. In the prediction step, we use simple image processing techniques to predict strong edges from an estimated latent image, which will be solely used for kernel estimation. With this approach, a computationally efficient Gaussian prior becomes sufficient for deconvolution to estimate the latent image, as small deconvolution artifacts can be suppressed in the prediction. For kernel estimation, we formulate the optimization function using image derivatives, and accelerate the numerical process by reducing the number of Fourier transforms needed for a conjugate gradient method. We also show that the formulation results in a smaller condition number of the numerical system than the use of pixel values, which gives faster convergence. Experimental results demonstrate that our method runs an order of magnitude faster than previous work, while the deblurring quality is comparable. GPU implementation facilitates further speed-up, making our method fast enough for practical use.


SR300 Accident Report forms and corresponding Medical Examiner's reports were examined for fatal crashes which occurred during fiscal year 1973. The status of seat belt usage was noted for drivers whose deaths were directly related to the accidents and in whose cars seat belts were installed. In addition, data on 32 other variables available in these reports were collected for all of the fatally injured seat belt users and for a 20% sample of the nonusers. In the 317 cases examined, 26 drivers (8.2%) were found to have been wearing seat belts at the time of the accident while 291 (91.8%) were not. One would expect that seat belt users would be represented among fatalities in the same proportions as they are represented among the general driving population. To determine if this were true, the seat belt usage among fatally injured drivers (8.2%) was compared to the usage rate for drivers in Virginia (24.04%) and to two estimates of usage among the general driving population in other states. These differences were found to be statistically significant (p less than .001), meaning that only one time in 1000 would differences this great be due to chance factors alone. Thus, it was concluded that belt users were underrepresented among Virginia fatalities. Since no other differences existed between the two groups when demographic and accident related variables were examined, it was also concluded that this underrepresentation was due to the use of seat belts and that seat belts have saved lives in Virginia.


Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are pervasive eurodevelopmental disorders clinically characterised by deficits in three core behavioural parameters: social interaction, communication and repetitive behaviours. There are currently no biological markers for ASD. Diagnosis is based solely on behavioural characteristics that vary considerably in severity. Neuropathology is varied and inconsistent amongst cases. The spatial arrangement of neurons is reportedly altered within cortical areas whose functions underlie behavioural changes in ASD. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which the dendritic architecture of these areas may likewise be affected. Formalin-fixed blocks of brain tissue (Brodmann Areas 9,11,17,24,25,32,36,44, 45,47) from 9 ASD cases (mean age: 28.4 ± 6.4 years) and 12 neurologically 'typical' cases (mean age: 31.4 ± 4.9 years) matched for hemisphere, gender and age, were obtained through the Autism Tissue Program (USA), from Harvard Brain and Tissue Resource Center, and NICHD Brain and Tissue Bank for Developmental Disorders, with ethical approval. Serial sections (paraffin wax, 10μm) immunolabelled with the neuronal somato-dendritic markers MAP2 and SMI-311, were assessed against a comprehensive set of criteria defining aspects of the cellular and dendritic organisation of the cortex. Detailed screening revealed marked variability in patterns of immunolabelling amongst control and ASD cases, and within cortical areas. While laminar disorganisation and excess white matter neurons were noted in some ASD cases, there was no single morphological descriptor that could differentiate between control and ASD cases. These neuropathological findings may in part reflect the clinical diversity of ASD.


One vs two applications of chlorhexidine/ethanol for disinfecting the skin: implication for regional anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 2011; 66: 574–8. 3. Robins K, Wilson R, Watkins EJ, Columb M, Lyons G. Chlorhexidine spray versus single use sachets for skin preparation before regional nerve blockade for elective caesarean section: an effectiveness, time and cost study. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia 2005; 14: 189–92. 4. Waclawski ER, McAlpine LG, Thomson NC. Occupational asthma in nurses caused by chlorhexidine and alcohol aerosols. British Medical Journal 1989; 298: 929–30. 5. Krautheim AB, Jermann THM, Bircher AJ. Chlorhexidine anaphylaxis: case report and review of the literature. Contact Dermatitis 2004; 50: 113–6.


Background and Objectives : Dendritic cells (DCs), the most potent of antigen‐presenting cells, can be generated in vitro from bone marrow or blood progenitor cells. We have developed a method for producing such cells from mobilised peripheral blood CD34+ cells in the absence of bovine products. Methods: The culture system developed used X‐Vivo 10 culture medium with 10% autologous serum, rhGM‐CSF, rhTNF‐α and rhIL‐4. Largescale cultures were performed in Stericell 12 inch X 15 inch culture bags. Results: In 12‐small‐scale experiments, over 14 days, there was a median 38‐fold increase in cell numbers of which 12.8% were DCs as defined by immunophenotyping. These cells had potent DC activity in functional assays. In two clinical‐scale experiments, a 5.7‐ and 10‐fold expansion of total cell numbers was obtained, with 8.2 and 18% of the final population being DCs, respectively. Conclusion: This system is suitable for clinical application.


Bioavailability of iron from Spirulina was assessed in comparison with whole egg, whole wheat and standard ferrous sulphate using haemoglobin depletion repletion assay. Haemoglobin regeneration efficiency of Spirulina and whole egg was similar and significantly higher than that of whole wheat. The absorption of iron from Spirulina was significantly lower than that of ferrous sulphate and whole egg but significantly greater than that from whole wheat.


Quality by design (QbD) and process analytical technology (PAT) have become priorities for the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Numerous recent initiatives within CDER and FDA have had the objective of encouraging the pharmaceutical industry to utilize QbD and PAT in their product development and manufacturing processes. Although sterile products may be a minority compared to non-sterile dosage forms (e.g., solid orals), their absolute requirement for sterility make design and control of the manufacturing processes extremely critical. This emphasis on the manufacturing process makes the sterile drug product an obvious target for QbD and PAT. Although the FDA encourages QbD submissions, the utilization of QbD and PAT for sterile products so far is still limited. This paper will examine the present state of QbD and PAT for sterile products and review some examples currently in use. Additional potential applications of QbD and PAT for sterile product development and manufacturing will also be discussed.


In this study, total number of seventy samples was investigated in case of nitrate and nitrate levels in Turkish white cheese which were collected from Ankara local markets and open markets, Turkey. Determination of nitrate and nitrite levels in the cheese samples has been made by spectrophotometer method. The cadmium column which reduced nitrate to nitrite was used for determination of nitrate values in samples. As a consequence, nitrate mean levels found in all cheese samples were within the Turkish Food Codex (TFC). On the other hand nitrite was determined in thirty per cent of white cheese samples.


Macrocarpins A (1), B (2), C (3) and D (4), four new nor-triterpenes, have been isolated from the roots of Maytenus macrocarpa. The structures were established by spectroscopic examinations. Natural compounds 1, 2, 4 and the acetyl derivative 1a are cytotoxic against four tumoral cell lines with IC50 values ranging between 0.4 and 5.2 microM.


Using audiotaped descriptions of sexual experiences and a direct measure of penile erection, it is possible to specify more precisely erotic cues in sexual deviates. Results indicated that such cues are highly idiosyncratic. Some tentative conclusions and suggested application for the method are discussed.


Two 8 μm thick TiO2 photoelectrodes have been sensitized separately by N719 dye molecules and CdS quantum dots for a comparison study. Photoinduced absorption (PIA) spectroscopy was employed to investigate the mechanistic properties of electrons under illumination conditions comparable to sunlight. The PIA spectrum of both electrodes (in the presence of electrolyte) is due to electrons in TiO2 and iodine radicals I2−. in the electrolyte. In the absence of redox electrolyte, both electrodes show long-lived photoinduced charge-separation with lifetime in a millisecond range (8.5 ms for Q-dot-sensitized TiO2 and 11.5 ms for dye-sensitized TiO2).


Summary Mitochondria from regenerating liver of normal and alloxan-diabetic rats were assayed polarographically for respiratory rate and oxidative phosphorylation. Approximately 65 to 70% of the liver was removed by a simple surgical procedure, and the animals were sacrificed at different intervals from 16 hr to 4 weeks after partial hepatectomy. Mitochondria were isolated in a sucrose/tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane/ethylenediaminetetracetate medium and incubated with two respiratory substrates, succinate and β-hydroxybutyrate. Significant changes in the rate of respiration and the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation were observed in the mitochondria from regenerating livers of both normal and diabetic rats. Respiratory control ratios and State 3 respiratory rates were increased during the regeneration period with the greatest increase observed in the groups studied at 24 hours, 72 hours, and 2 weeks after partial hepatectomy in both normal and diabetic rats. Adenosine diphosphate/oxygen ratios were also elevated, indicating an increased efficiency of adenosine triphosphate formation in mitochondria from regenerating liver. With succinate as a respiratory substrate, there was a cyclical increase in mitochondrial respiratory activity, while with β-hydroxybutyrate there was a greater proportional elevation which was sustained. The respiratory activity of diabetic control mitochondria was lower than in the normal control, but it was markedly increased during the regenerating period. Consequently, the percentage of increase of mitochondrial respiratory activity in regenerating liver of diabetic rats was much higher than that observed in normal regenerating groups. The data indicate tightly coupled oxidative phosphorylation and increased efficiency in mitochondria from regenerating liver in both normal and diabetic rats.


This thesis investigates the glass history of the stained and painted glass in the windows of York Minster c.1450-1802. It sets the largely post-Reformation story of the windows into the broader historical context of York and cathedrals more widely, and of the survival of the craft of glass-painting in the post-Reformation period. It uses the archives and manuscripts of the Dean and Chapter of York, in conjunction with antiquarian studies and the physical evidence of the extant glass, to explore how and why so much medieval glass has survived in York and to investigate the origins of York's claim to be a 'treasure-house' of medieval stained glass. Three key themes are explored in the course of this work. First, a reassessment of the craft practice and skills base of glaziers and glass-painters and the continuity of workshops in the period studied, with particular emphasis on the sixteenth and seventeenth-centuries. Second, the question of patronage and how this was manifest, both in terms of the craftsmen and their business models and with regard to the care of the existing glass. A broader definition of patronage emerges, one which goes beyond conventional ideas of artist and patron into the relationships between the Deans, their Chapters and the craftsmen. Third, a consideration of how the glass was thought of, valued and written about. This focuses on the work of seventeenth-century antiquarian James Torre and the publications by Drake and Gent which followed his pioneering work. It also explores the reception and perception of the Minster generally and the intellectual and cultural influences operating within York itself and society more widely. This thesis demonstrates how the undertaking of close and detailed analysis of the archival and other documentary records alongside the surviving glass of a single cathedral can produce new insights and understanding. These themes set out a new methodology for approaching the comprehensive contextual study of the glass history of other cathedrals and create a better understanding of glass-painting in England in the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries.


The increased human population is threatening the natural water resources by reducing flows and deteriorating quality. High levels contamination of fecal microbes in Indian water resources is one of the worst impact on natural environment. The incomplete sewage treatment in existing STPs is the root cause it, along with disposal of untreated sewage. Fecal microbes even after the secondary treatment demands the further reduction, hence, an alternative method of vertical flow constructed wetland was adopted to examine the efficiency of the system. The study was aimed to primarily to suggest the suitability and comparative performance of wetland species, P. australis and C. indica. Study revealed the importance of fibrous rooting system of C. indica which helps to enhance aerobicity within the system and cause the reduced number of microbes. The additive enhancement of physical mechanism as well as competition among microflora within the wetland system and excretions from roots of C. indica plant might have been the reason of the significant highest removal of microbial indicators.


(including relatives) have to be dealt with. Adequate therapeutics are opposed or rejected on the plea of expense, difficulty, or on other plausible or reasonable grounds, and the child is apt to grow up, as I have been long enough in practice to observe, into the doleful type of invalid known comprehensively as the " abdominal neurasthenic," with his flatulence, constipation, mucous colitis, enteroptosis, etc., and the neuroses or psychoses that accompany these woes. Enlarged tonsils and adenoid growths need prompt removal because they serve as reservoirs of pathogenic organisms at the portal of the respiratory and digestive tracts and greatly aggravate the whole condition, but they are a result and not a cause of the catarrhal state. Remedial exercises, directed with knowledge and experience, are serviceable in correcting the faulty posture, flat-feet, etc., but their utility is much limited unless the defects of the environment are adjusted. A thorough understanding of child psychology and psychotherapy is also needed, for the " sense of inferiority " is all too readily acquired, as are also the various " fixations " and " complexes " that impede or pervert psychic development. The root of the matter appears to me to be that the simple traditions and cruder eugenics that served our forefathers, and foremothers, for guidance in the rearing of children no longer suffice us. They were all very well in the days when families were large and the devil took the hindmost, or when generation after generation had bred in the same environment and effected stable adjustments by cumulative acquisitions of mother-wit. We are dealing largely now with the huge, floating, heterogeneous populations of the industrial era, and new and more complex traditions must be devised to meet the needs of a more complex civilization and to give the individual a better chance of satisfactory adjustment to his environment.-I. am, etc., J. STEWART MACKINTOSIH, llampstead, Nov. 29th. M.D., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.


Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a devastating pulmonary vascular disease in which autoimmune and inflammatory phenomena are implicated. B cells and autoantibodies have been associated with IPAH and identified as potential therapeutic targets. However, the specific populations of B cells involved and their roles in disease pathogenesis are not clearly defined. We aimed to assess the levels of activated B cells (plasmablasts) in IPAH, and to characterize recombinant antibodies derived from these plasmablasts. Blood plasmablasts are elevated in IPAH, remain elevated over time, and produce IgA autoantibodies. Single‐cell sequencing of plasmablasts in IPAH revealed repertoires of affinity‐matured antibodies with small clonal expansions, consistent with an ongoing autoimmune response. Recombinant antibodies representative of these clonal lineages bound known autoantigen targets and displayed an unexpectedly high degree of polyreactivity. Representative IPAH plasmablast recombinant antibodies stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells to produce cytokines and overexpress the adhesion molecule ICAM‐1. Together, our results demonstrate an ongoing adaptive autoimmune response involving IgA plasmablasts that produce anti‐endothelial cell autoantibodies in IPAH. These antibodies stimulate endothelial cell production of cytokines and adhesion molecules, which may contribute to disease pathogenesis. These findings suggest a role for mucosally‐driven autoimmunity and autoimmune injury in the pathogenesis of IPAH.


Rabbit ovum donors were superovulated with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Ova were recovered 16-17 h post-hCG from oviducts immediately after killing and from excised oviducts held in saline 30 min at 33 degrees or 38 degrees C prior to ovum recovery. In vivo-capacitated spermatozoa were used to inseminate both groups of ova. Data revealed a decrease in fertilization rates following a 30-min delay at 38 degrees C in ovum recovery. Thus, 64% (44/69 ova) were fertilized with rapid recovery, whereas 43% (39/90 ova) were fertilized following a 30-min delay. The decrease in fertilization imposed by delay in ovum recovery was apparently overcome when oviduct storage was at 33 degrees C. Under these conditions, 69% of inseminated ova were fertilized. Ova inseminated with in vitro-capacitated sperm showed a similar response to delayed ovum recovery. Embryonic development in culture of ova obtained from mated does was not affected by delay in recovery at 33 degrees or 38 degrees C provided mated does had been injected only with hCG. Ova from mated does receiving both PMSG and hCG were adversely affected by a 38 degrees C delay. The data emphasize the importance of rapid ovum recovery from oviducts and suggest the possibility of altering conditions to overcome damaging effects of delayed recovery.


This study focuses on analyzing and statistically interpreting, from the perspective of archaeological material culture, the anthropoid Phoenician sarcophagi found in Sidon and Amrit and dated to the second half of the first millennium BC. We will highlight how these funeral artifacts have focused almost exclusively on sarcophagi as artworks. The main goal of this research was to study the sarcophagi from an archaeological perspective with reference to the quantitative and qualitative data taken from each piece, in order to establish the source of materials used in them. We prioritize the most numerous groups from both areas, to formulate a hypothesis concerning the supply patterns of raw materials and the processing of each piece leading to finishing it with specific morphological features and its final delivery for funerary use.


Background: This study aims to determine the prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of caregiver's burden in schizophrenia. Materials and Methods: A dyad of 368 schizophrenia patients and their caregivers were interviewed. Caregiver's burden was assessed using the Yoruba-version of the FBIS and GHQ-12. Results: Mean age of patients was 29.7 SD (8.6) years. Of the 368 caregivers, 81.5% were parents, mean age was 58.1 years (SD 19.6). Total mean objective FBIS score was 22.69 (6.21), 324 (85.3%) reported total objective burden and 310 (84.2%), subjective burden. There were significant differential demographic associations with caregivers' burden. Conclusion: Caregivers of schizophrenia patients experience enormous burden and are potential "high risk group" for mental disorders. Thus, they require comprehensive intervention in order to reduce the growing incidence of chronic enduring diseases including mental disorders.


Clustering is a significant approach in data mining, which seeks to find groups or clusters of data. Both numeric and categorical features are frequently used to define the data in real-world applications. Several different clustering algorithms are proposed for the numerical and categorical datasets. In clustering algorithms, the quality of clustering results is evaluated using cluster validation. This paper proposes an efficient clustering algorithm for mixed numerical and categorical data using re-clustering and cluster validation. Initially, the mixed dataset is clustered with four traditional clustering algorithms like expectation-maximization (EM), hierarchical cluster (HC), k-means (KM), and self-organizing map (SOM). These four algorithms are validated, and the best algorithm is selected for re-clustering. It is an iterative process for improving the quality of cluster results. The incorrectly clustered data is iteratively re-clustered and evaluated based on the cluster validation. The performance of the proposed clustering method is evaluated with a real-time dataset in terms of purity, normalized mutual information, rand index, precision, and recall. The experimental results have shown that the proposed reclust algorithm achieves better performance compared to other clustering algorithms.


The effects of different auditory warnings on response time and accuracy were studied in a laboratory ship-bridge work environment. Subjective preference on the type of auditory warnings was also of a primary concern. Twenty five subjects were asked to select an appropriate button for the warning sound presented with three types of auditory warning (abstract sound, auditory icon, and voice alarm) and five levels of warning situation (fire, steering failure, collision, engine failure, and low power). Results showed that the response time and accuracy was significantly affected by the types of auditory warning. The voice alarm resulted in a higher accuracy and subjective preference, as compared to the auditory icon and abstract sound. Regarding the response time, auditory icons and voice alarms were equivalent and superior to abstract sounds. Actual or potential applications of this research include guidelines for the design of integrated ship bridge systems.


[3H]Methotrexate ([3H]MTX) was entrapped inside sonically disrupted, positively charged, [14C]cholesterol-labeled liposomes. Its distribution and metabolic integrity was then studied after a single injection into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the lateral cerebroventricles of cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis ). Between 24 and 96 hr after injection, a maximal 4-fold increase in average tissue levels, compared with the levels found after injection of free [3H]MTX, was found for total central nervous system (brain plus spinal cord). Greater increased levels of [3H]MTX after injection of liposome-entrapped [3H]MTX compared with free [3H]MTX were found in CSF, but considerable variation was noted according to the site of sampling. Metabolic degradation of free MTX, as measured by the difference between MTX determined by 3H-specific activity and MTX determined by the dihydrofolate reductase assay, was detected at 24 hr, and 96 hr after injection only 11% of the free MTX in CSF represented intact MTX. In contrast, after injection of liposome-entrapped MTX 72% was found to be intact at the same time. Consistent with this protection against metabolic degradation, a 14C:3H ratio of 0.9 to 1.1 in CSF for up to 24 hr after injection was found, suggesting that most of the liposome-entrapped [3H]MTX injected had remained in intact liposomes during this time period. Distribution within brain tissue was also studied at 24 hr postinjection, and it was found that [3H]MTX levels after injection of liposome-entrapped [3H]MTX were higher than after injection of the free form near tissue-CSF interfaces, but less than the free form in deep areas of the brain.

Considerable leakage from the central nervous system to plasma was found to occur soon after injection for both the free and the liposome-entrapped [3H]MTX, but the liposome-entrapped [3H]MTX showed 10- to 20-fold higher steady-state plasma levels. This was attributed to a much lower rate of removal from plasma due to the much lower renal excretion of liposome-entrapped MTX. These findings are compared with the behavior found after systemic injection of liposome-entrapped MTX and other compounds. The implications of these results for a possible chemotherapeutic use of liposome-entrapped drugs directly injected into the central nervous system are briefly discussed.


The aim of this research is to study the stall and recovery behavior of a transonic fan stage with and without inlet distortion. For this purpose, simulations of the stall and recovery process of NASA stage 67 are performed with clean and distorted inflow conditions. The rotor is pushed into stall by closing the exit nozzle. It is shown that in both cases, stall is initiated via spike but the subsequent development of the stall differs. In the stable rotating stall, both cases contain one stall cell traveling at 63% shaft speed. During the recovery process, when the exit nozzle is gradually opened, the size of this stall cell reduces as the corrected mass flow increases. Although the fan stalls at a larger mass flow with inlet distortion, it recovers to a similar corrected mass flow as the case with clean inflow, which indicates that inlet distortion has minor effects on the recovery process for this blade. In spite of the lack of data, detailed analysis based on past experience and physical reasoning is used to demonstrate the validity on numerical simulations. The author appreciates that a validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study can provide instructive results to other researchers.


Recently several studies have explored the realization of autonomous control in production and logistic operations. In doing so, it has been tried to transmit the merit of decision-making from central controllers with offline decisions to decentralized controllers with local and real-time decision makings. However, this mission has still some drawbacks in practice. Lack of global optimization is one of them, i.e., the lost chain between the autonomous decentralized decisions at operational level and the centralized mathematical optimization with offline manner at tactical and strategic levels. This distinction can be reasonably solved by considering fuzzy parameters in mathematical programming to meet the required tolerances for autonomous objects at operational level. This claim is recommended and partially experimented in this paper. An assembly scenario is modeled by a discrete-event simulation, in which autonomous pallets carry products throughout the system. This scenario is optimized with regard to its objectives in a simulation, while fuzzy parameters in optimization programming can consider autonomous decisions done at operational level.


Air-blast loading is a serious threat to military and civil vehicles, buildings, containers, and cargo. Applications of sandwich-structured composites have attracted increasing interest in modern lightweight design and in the construction of dynamic loading regimes due to their high resistance against blast and ballistic impacts. The functional properties of such composites are determined by the interplay of their face sheet material and the employed core topology. The core topology is the most important parameter affecting the structural behavior of sandwich composites. Therefore, this contribution presents a thorough numerical investigation of different core topologies in sandwich-structured composites subjected to blast loading. Special emphasis is put on prismatic and lattice core topologies displaying auxetic and classical non-auxetic deformation characteristics in order to illustrate the beneficial properties of auxetic core topologies. Their dynamic responses, elastic and plastic deformations, failure mechanisms, and energy absorption capabilities are numerically analyzed and compared. The numerical studies are performed by means of the commercial finite element code ABAQUS/Explicit, including a model for structural failure.


Abstract We undertook a systematic reviewof maternal intrinsic risk factors associated with surgical site infection (SSI) following Caesarean section (CS). Studies published in theEnglish language from 1990 to 2007, meeting specific inclusion criteria, were identified from searches of six health and medical literature electronic databases. Two reviewers independently assessed studies for inclusion and extracted data. Fifteen included studies found two independent risk factors for overall SSI: obesity and chorioamnionitis. Premature ruptured membrane >6 h and anaemia were associated with incisional SSI. Anaemia was associated with organ/space SSI. The maternal intrinsic risk factors identified can be used in surveillance programs to identify women at risk of SSI and to risk-adjust hospital infection rates for between-institution comparison.


The variables presented in the current–voltage equation of a photovoltaic (PV) device are usually called PV parameters. There are several different methods for PV parameter extraction from measured data according to different models. However, many of these methods provide results that do not represent I–V curves of thin films devices correctly. This can occur because either the applied model or the PV parameter extraction methods are not suitable. It is also possible that the extracted parameters provide a good mathematical representation of the curves but without physical meaning (e.g. negative series resistance). This work presents a method for PV parameter extraction based on a modified double‐diode model. In this model, the ideality factor related to the recombination of the charge carriers in the space‐charge region is assumed as a variable. This method has been tested for different I–V curves of different PV module technologies providing very good results and parameters with physical meaning in all the cases. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is defined as a disorder of the heart and kidney, in which acute or chronic injury of one organ may lead to acute or chronic dysfunction of the other. It is characterized by high morbidity and mortality, resulting in high economic costs and social burdens. However, there is currently no effective drug-based treatment. Emerging evidence implicates the involvement of mitophagy in the progression of CRS, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this review, we summarized the crucial roles and molecular mechanisms of mitophagy in the pathophysiology of CRS. It has been reported that mitophagy impairment contributes to a vicious loop between CKD and CVD, which ultimately accelerates the progression of CRS. Further, recent studies revealed that targeting mitophagy may serve as a promising therapeutic approach for CRS, including clinical drugs, stem cells and small molecule agents. Therefore, studies focusing on mitophagy may benefit for expanding innovative basic research, clinical trials, and therapeutic strategies for CRS.


Among other objectives, forest inventories are aimed to identify ecological communities and to correlate community composition with environmental variables. The identification of different communities would require several forest inventories, each covering small sampling areas with relatively homogeneous environmental conditions. The multiple plot sampling method, traditionally used in local inventories of tropical forests, cannot assure such homogeneity, since even small sampling areas would show environmental heterogeneity influencing vegetation. In this paper we assessed the consequences of this heterogeneity for sampling by quantifying the variability of species abundance ranks for species sampled with 10 or more individuals in a set of plots covering a small sampling area. The species reference abundance ranks were obtained from a sample of 100 plots of 10 m × 10 m each randomly set in a sampling area of 6.5 ha in a tropical forest fragment (Southeastern Brazil). For each species we used resamplings (30 trials) to obtain the species abundance ranks in sub-samples, considering different sampling intensities (n = 25, 50 and 75 plots), and compared these ranks with the species reference rank (n = 100 plots). Then, we compared the species ranks in sub-samples of 50 plots (10.000 trials) with the reference rank and assessed the frequency and extent of rank displacements. Species rank was highly variable across resampling trials for the sampling intensities of n = 25 and n = 50, but decreased considerable with a sampling intensity of n = 75 plots. The mean rank variability and especially the maximum displacement raised significantly from the seventh most abundant species on, and some species occupied quite discrepant abundance ranks in up to 10% of the 10.000 resampling trials. This high internal variability of forest samples may impair the search for floristic patterns as scale lessens, say, to the meso-scale (1–100 km2). We discussed some possible ways to increase internal homogeneity of tropical forest samples with the multiple plot sampling method. Among these, objective entitation, based on an ancient phytosociological procedure, is suggested as the most appropriate for use on the hilly relieves of the Atlantic forest biome.


Cerebral vasoconstrictor responsiveness to 100% oxygen inhalation was measured in 149 subjects, including normal healthy volunteers and those with risk factors for cerebral arteriosclerosis (N = 87). Test results were compared among patients with hemispheric stroke and vertebrobasilar insufficiency (N = 62) with the 133Xe inhalation method. Normal volunteers without risk factors (N = 49), aged 25 to 86 years, showed symmetrical vasoconstriction. Asymptomatic subjects with risk factors (N = 38) and those with vertebrobasilar insufficiency (N = 25) had decreased hemispheric gray matter flow (Fg) values during rest, but vasoconstrictor responsiveness to 100% oxygen inhalation was not significantly reduced. In patients with acute hemispheric infarction, regional vasoconstrictor responsiveness to 100% oxygen inhalation was lost and/or paradoxically reversed; in patients with chronic hemispheric infarction, it was decreased. Testing vasomotor responses during hyperoxia is safe, clinically helpful, and demonstrates impaired vasomotor reactivity in infarcted regions.


In this paper, we compare the patterns of labor force withdrawal of older workers in seven OECD countries. We find wide variation in retirement patterns and recent trends. In Sweden and the United States, for example, it is relatively common for workers to combine retirement benefits and earnings (i.e., to continue working while "retired"), while in Australia, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and (West) Germany, this is much less common. These countries have also had very different experiences in arresting the postwar trend toward earlier retirement. After significant declines prior to 1985, the labor force participation rates of older men in Australia, West Germany and the United States have been almost unchanged, while the pre-1985 trends have continued unabated in Sweden and Canada. The challenge to researchers is to correlate the diverse public policies in these countries with the very different labor market experiences observed.


This work aimed to detect, identify and study the epidemiology of Arcobacter species in avian species in Upper Egypt. A total 600 samples, including cloacal swabs and intestinal samples were collected from chickens, turkeys and ducks in Assiut Governorate in Upper Egypt. Using conventional phenotypic methods for isolation and identification, Arcobacter species could be isolated and identified with percentage 25.5% in chickens, 9.5% in turkeys and 14% in ducks. Sixteen randomly selected phenotypically identified Arcobacter species isolates were confirmed using one step multiplex PCR assay. In conclusion, Arcobacter species could be detected and identified from various avian species with variable incidence. Conventional phenotypic methods for detection and differentiation of Arcobacter species are often hampered by many limitations, while molecular methods, and PCR, in particular can provide a sensitive and rapid alternative method for detection and identification of Arcobacter species in different domestic poultry species.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (CASK) induced by short-term hypoxia, and to explore the role of JNK pathway in this signal event.

METHODS
EA. hy926 cells were cultured in normoxic condition for 0, 12, 24, 48, 72 h after being exposed to hypoxic condition for 3 h, then the cellular lysates were extracted. CASK promoter luciferase reporter recombinant was constructed and transfected into EA. hy926 cells for 48h. Cellular lysates were extracted 1, 3, 6, 12 h after hypoxia treatment and were used to detect firefly luciferase activity and rinella luciferase activity with luminometer. EA. hy926 cells were cultured under hypoxic condition for 1, 3, 6, 12 h or under normoxic condition, then the cell lysates were extracted and used to detect phospho-JNK with Western blot. EA. hy926 cells were pretreated with different concentrations of JNK specific inhibitor SP 600125 (0, 10, 100 nmol/L and 1,10 micromol/L) 1h before hypoxic treatment of various duration, and the cell lysates were extracted to detect CASK expression with Western blot.

RESULTS
CASK expression was obviously elevated by hypoxia, and the high expression sustained for 72 h when the hypoxic cells were cultured in normal conditions, and it was significantly higher than that of normal controls. Dual luciferase reporter assay showed that CASK promoter activity was significantly increased after hypoxia (0.010 +/- 0.003, P < 0.01), and it reached the peak 12 hrs after hypoxia (0.192 +/- 0.023, P < 0.01). The phosphorylation of JNK was enhanced with the prolongation of hypoxic time. CASK protein expression was suppressed by JNK specific inhibitor SP600125 in a dose dependent manner, and it decreased to the lowest level with 10 micromol/L SP600125 pretreatment.

CONCLUSION
JNK signal pathway is involved in short-term hypoxia related CASK upregulation.


Power-law rate equations for the thermal degradation of 1-amino-2-propanol (A2P) and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) in CO2-loaded blended solutions are determined with the experimental kinetic data collected in this study. The rate experiments were conducted at 120, 135, and 150 °C to accelerate thermal degradation. The kinetic data collected were used to obtain the initial rate equation from blended solutions of 0.0, 0.5, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.5 M, AMP and A2P with CO2 loadings from 0.1 to 0.6, molCO2/molAMP+A2P. The power-law rate equations for each amine in the solutions, along with pre-exponential factors and activation energies for each reaction are provided. For both AMP and A2P degradation, the activation energies for the reaction between AMP, A2P, and CO2 presented lower values, while the pre-exponential factors were orders of magnitude higher. The presence of the second amine in these solutions has little impact on the degradation rate of the individual amines.


We propose Odd-Man-Out, a novel task which aims to test different properties of word representations. An Odd-Man-Out puzzle is composed of 5 (or more) words, and requires the system to choose the one which does not belong with the others. We show that this simple setup is capable of teasing out various properties of different popular lexical resources (like WordNet and pre-trained word embeddings), while being intuitive enough to annotate on a large scale. In addition, we propose a novel technique for training multi-prototype word representations, based on unsupervised clustering of ELMo embeddings, and show that it surpasses all other representations on all Odd-Man-Out collections.


The use of lithium is a cornerstone for preventing recurrences in bipolar disorder (BD). The response of patients with bipolar disorder to lithium has different levels of magnitude. About one-third of lithium-treated patients are excellent lithium responders (ELR), showing total prevention of the episodes. A number of clinical characteristics were delineated in patients with favorable response to lithium as regards to clinical course, family history of mood disorders, and psychiatric comorbidity. We have also demonstrated that temperamental features of hypomania (a hyperthymic temperament) and a lack of cognitive disorganization predict the best results of lithium prophylaxis. A degree of prevention against manic and depressive episodes has been regarded as an endophenotype for pharmacogenetic studies. The majority of data have been gathered from so-called "candidate" gene studies. The candidates were selected on the basis of neurobiology of bipolar disorder and mechanisms of lithium action including, among others, neurotransmission, intracellular signaling, neuroprotection or circadian rhythms. We demonstrated that response to lithium has been connected with the genotype of BDNF gene and serum BDNF levels and have shown that ELR have normal cognitive functions and serum BDNF levels, even after long-term duration of the illness. A number of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of BD have been also performed in recent years, some of which also focused on lithium response. The Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen) has established the large sample for performing the genome-wide association study (GWAS) of lithium response in BD, and the first results have already been published.


One of the major challenges in cognitive radio network (CRN) is optimum allocation of resources to the secondary user (SU) without affecting quality of service (QoS) of the primary user (PU) as agreed with their network provider. Outage probability of the both PU and SU as well as the link reliability is the most important concern in such allocation. In this paper, three different types of resource allocation scheme are proposed; namely static, quasi-static and dynamic according to the nature of their adaptation approach with the available resources. In the analysis, a beam-formed Multi input multi output multiuser system has been assumed. It is observed that the respective allocation schemes mentioned above comply with the requirement of underlay, overlay and inter-weave type of co-existence of PU and SU. From the analysis it is found that although dynamic allocation scheme provides with lower outage probability; followed by quasi-static and static, in term of processing complexity and delay the performance sequence in reverse order.


Abstract:Background: Responding to concerns about perinatal health risks and adverse outcomes, we established a community-based participatory research (CBPR) partnership between a Nêhiyawi (Cree) community and university-based researchers. We designed and implemented a community-derived Elders Mentoring Program (EMP) to provide additional support for pregnant women and their partners. Our objective was to understand the collective experiences of those involved in the Program.Methods: We conducted a qualitative description with the principles of CBPR as an overarching framework. We carried out 14 qualitative interviews with parents, perinatal clinic staff, and mentor Elders involved in the Program. We also used detailed notes from Community Advisory Committee (CAC) meetings as data. All qualitative data were analyzed with content analysis.Results: The Program helped pregnant women and their partners by fostering enhanced and multi-generational support networks. It also improved cultural security within the clinical environment and learning among health care staff. A sense of intergenerational fulfillment and enjoyment among those involved was common and was underpinned by genuine, collaborative relationships.Conclusions: A community-derived prenatal EMP, designed in partnership with those who have intimate knowledge of the community, is a major step toward ensuring multi-generational and culturally secure care in pregnancy for women and families.


Objective – To determine what information resources undergraduate students choose to complete assignments for their courses, why they choose those resources, the process of selecting those resources and the factors that contributed to selecting the resources, and their perceptions of those resources.

Design – Semi-structured information seeking diary.

Setting – Private university in Seoul, Korea.

Subjects – 233 undergraduate students from all majors and all years.

Methods – Students selected one assignment from their elective course and recorded the following in a diary: what the assignment was, the topic they needed to research to complete the assignment, resources used, the factors that contributed to choosing the resources, and perceptions of those resources.

Main Results – Data were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The factors that affected the students' resource selection were analyzed qualitatively using an open coding method created by the researchers. The factors were not predetermined by the researchers, but were selected based on the factors identified by the students. Online resources (67.1%) were the most frequently selected resources by the students compared to human resources (11.5%), print materials (11.5%), and mass media (3%). Students used an average of 5.28 resources to complete one assignment. Factors that affected the students' selection of resources were the type of information provided by the resource, the features of the resource, the search strategy used when searching in the resource, and the students' interaction with other people when selecting and using the resource. More than one factor typically contributed to the students' selection of the resource. The students' perceptions of the resources they selected were analyzed quantitatively: perceptions were analyzed in six content areas using a five point scale. Correlations and similarities across the six content areas were also analyzed. Perceptions of resources were broken down into six categories and the resources were rated on a five point scale. Librarians (4.50) were the most useful resource and lecture notes (5.0) were the most credible. Family (3.29) was the least useful, and social question and answer services, such as Yahoo! Answers, (2.62) were the least credible. Family was the most accessible and familiar resource (4.90 and 4.95 respectively). Experts (2.25) were least accessible and librarians (1.50) were the least familiar. Students were most satisfied with Google Scholar (4.33) and were most likely to use an online database (4.52) again. They were least satisfied with social question and answer services (3.05) and least likely to use a report sharing site (2.93) again. The usefulness and credibility of the resource contributed most to the undergraduates' satisfaction with the resource, while accessibility and usefulness were the major contributing factors to users intended continued use of a resource.

Conclusion – There are multiple reasons that support further information literacy education. Information literacy courses would encourage and teach students how to effectively use resources that they found credible and reliable, but considered inaccessible and unfamiliar. Information literacy education would also help educate students on how to best formulate their search strategies and how to select the best resource to use based on that strategy. Students also highlighted the importance of human interaction in resource selection and utilization. This is an opportunity for librarians and professors to play a more active role in assisting students in selecting and using the best resources to complete course assignments. Due to the limitations of this study, further research is needed to investigate the factors affecting the exclusion of resources, not only the inclusion. Future study designs should address the characteristics of the study participants themselves, such as the age and gender. The impact of the research topic and subject on resource selection, as well as what resources are selected for non-academic information needs, should also be investigated.


Induction of puberty in cattle breeds that attain puberty in later stages, such as Gir, allows the earlier beginning of reproductive life and it might increase oocyte quality. Here, the ovulatory capacity of prepuberal Gir heifers was studied and its relationship to follicular growth, luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and oocyte quality was evaluated. Peripubertal Gir heifers were treated with a progesterone-based protocol and according to ovulatory response were separated into groups: not-ovulated (N-OV) and ovulated (OV). Serial blood samples were taken 24 h after estradiol treatment on day 12 to evaluate LH secretion. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected using ovum pick-up and assessed for brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) staining rate, IVF-grade oocytes rate, and mean oocyte diameter, in comparison with cow oocytes. Gene expression of developmental competence markers (ZAR1, MATER, and IGF2R) was also analyzed. The largest follicle diameters were similar between N-OV and OV groups on the day of estradiol treatment (d12) and the next day and decreased (P = 0.04) in the N-OV group thereafter. LH pulse secretion was different between groups (N-OV = 3.61 ± 0.34 vs OV = 2.83 ± 0.21 ng/ ml; P = 0.04). COC assessment showed that the number of recovered oocytes, BCB+ rate, IVF-grade oocytes and oocyte size was similar (P > 0.05) among groups, resembling adult cow patterns. ZAR1, MATER and IGF2R gene expression in oocytes were also similar (P > 0.05) in N-OV and OV groups. In conclusion, our results demonstrate a lower LH secretion profile in peripubertal Gir heifers prone to ovulate after induction protocol, and that oocyte quality is not affected on a short-term basis by ovulation itself.


This study aimed to determine the types of clinical experience that general practitioners have had with sexually‐abused children, and what practitioners perceive as requirements in the detection and management of sexually‐abused children. Subjects were 279 South Australian non‐specialist medical practitioners, selected by quasirandom procedures, of whom 76% responded to a postal questionnaire. The number of sexually‐abused children ever seen by the 193 doctors who responded averaged 1.2; 54% of the respondents had not seen such cases. In addition to the request for a record of experiences with sexually‐abused children, the questionnaire included categories on: sources of the respondents' information on sexually‐abused children; the respondents' perceived need for more information; an assessment of the adequacy of current treatment services; their attitudes to the legal obligation to report suspected cases to statutory authorities; and the main sources of their hesitation to report. Considerable concern evidently exists among family doctors about their ability to detect and manage cases of sexually‐abused children. The reasons for their low reporting rates are discussed in terms of both medical education and of the operation of local treatment services for sexually‐abused children.


This article presents a brief history of windsurfing, a relatively new recreational and competitive sport activity also known as sailboarding; a brief summary of physiologic studies of windsurfers; and a review of windsurfing injuries with a focus on the neurological complications of windsurfing.


This slim volume consists of an brief introduction by the editor, and eight essays on scribal practices and the reconstruction of authorial language in late Middle English, five by Samuels, two by Smith, and one coauthored. Six were previously published between 1972 and 1985, and another was given as a paper at the New Chaucer Society Congress in 1988. They are reprinted exactly as they first appeared. There is some degree of disjointedness and repetition as a result, but also an opportunity to trace the steps in the process of detection by which the authors have separated out scribal and authorial strata of language in the MSS they examine. One of the key elements in their work was provided by Doyle and Parkes' identification of other MSS copied by scribes "B" and "D" in the Trinity Gower, in their 1978 essay in the Neil Ker Festschrift. Another was Samuels and Smith's own study of "The Language of Gower," reprinted in this volume (pp. 13-22) from Neuphilologische Mitteilungen, 92 (1981), in which they demonstrate that the orthography of the Huntington and Fairfax MSS of CA must be virtually identical to Gower's own. In his 1983 essay on "Chaucer's Spelling" (in the present volume, pp. 23-37), Samuels compares the orthography of scribes "B" and "D" in the Trinity MS to the authentic Gowerian spellings in Fairfax in order to discover each scribe's own characteristic habits, and then proceeds to separate the scribe's forms from Chaucer's in the copies that they made of CT. In the two essays that follow (pp. 38-69), Samuels studies the work of scribe "B" (in an essay that first appeared in 1983) and Smith studies that of scribe "D" (in his 1988 New Chaucer Society paper), again with the knowledge of Gower's authentic spellings as a base, in order to sustain Doyle and Parkes' conclusions on the identity of the hand in the manuscripts they attributed to these scribes in face of the attacks on their methodology made by Vance Ramsey. The volume also contains Samuels' essays on "Chaucerian Final '-E'," "Langland's Dialect," and "Spelling and Dialect in the Late and Post-Middle English Periods." The only other essay to refer to Gower is also the only one that has not appeared before, Smith's study of "Spelling and Tradition in Fifteenth-century Copies of Gower's Confessio Amantis" (pp. 96-113). Smith makes two important observations about the orthographical tradition of CA MSS: first, that the distinctive language of the archetype was preserved far more strongly than one would expect or that happened in contemporary copies of CT, a fact he attributes to the status as auctoritas that Gower seems to have enjoyed; and second, that there was only slight influence from the "Chancery" forms that were to become the basis of the written standard. In the last part of his essay he takes up the question of the textual transmission of CA, and observes that the MSS of the groups that Macaulay labelled "first recension, unrevised," "first recension, intermediate," and "second recension (b)" seem to derive from an exemplar with a number of North-West Midlands features. His suggestions on how this situation arose appear to accept Macaulay's explanation of the order of appearance of these groups. In fact, his observations are consistent with other evidence that Macaulay got the order wrong, and that the groups he thought were first in origin were actually those furthest removed both in time and place from the poet himself. The Appendix to this essay contains a valuable list of the MSS of CA with notes on the language forms of each. [PN. Copyright The John Gower Society. JGN 9.1]


This study investigates the aerodynamic performance of three square‐section buildings with different aspect ratio (AR = 1:1, 1:4, and 1:6) exposed to twisted wind profile (TWP) by pressure measurement test. The effect of AR on the correlation of wind loads specifically for TWP is systematically revealed from both time–frequency domain and local–global perspective. Results show that compared with its counterparts in conventional wind profile (CWP), the effect of AR on aerodynamic load under TWP becomes significantly different and more prominent, which can be categorized into two types of patterns. For pattern low‐rise building, TWP is more resembling the condition of CWP with certain attack angle. For pattern high‐rise building, TWP results in stronger momentum exchange along building height but suppresses fluctuating feature associated with Karman vortex. As a result, under TWP, mean base moments of all buildings are enhanced except for longitudinal component of case AR = 1:4 and 1:6; while the fluctuating base moment for three AR cases is all reduced, which indicates that dynamic pattern of wake flow is suppressed. Moreover, the discrepancy of local wind load between case CWP and TWP concentrates on the lower‐middle location for high‐rise building but distributed evenly along all low‐rise building height. Additionally, it is found that the effect of AR on aerodynamic correlation exhibits different mechanisms and patterns when building is under the impact of CWP or TWP.


Intact and rearranged p53 genes from Friend virus-induced erythroleukemic cell lines which code for proteins of 53- (p53) and 44-kDa (p44), respectively, were cloned into pUC18 and tested for their ability to immortalize rat embryo fibroblasts. The functional p53 gene from normal Balb/c mouse liver was also tested for immortalizing activity. Immortal cells were obtained with the three genes although the efficiency of immortalization by p44 was lower than that by p53. Expression of murine p53 and p44 in the established rat cell lines was confirmed by metabolic labeling and Western Blotting. Our results demonstrate that elevated expression of the mouse p53 gene, driven by its natural promoter and in the absence of strong heterologous promoters and/or enhancers, can efficiently immortalize early-passage rat embryo fibroblasts. p53-immortalized cells but not p44-immortalized cells could be morphologically transformed by secondary transfection with activated Ha-ras. Thus 5'-coding sequences of the p53 gene appear necessary for ras complementation but not for immortalization.


The expression of C-myc proto-oncogene were studied at the levels of protein in bone marrow cells obtained from patients with AML and CML. It was found that the expression of C-myc in florid AML and during blast phase of CML were much higher than that in remission of AML and in chronic phase of CML. In 7 cases of AML diagnosed for the first time, 2 cases with high C-myc expression had no remission after 3-6 months, while 5 with rare C-myc expression had remission after 3-6 months. This results suggest that the expression of C-myc proto-oncogene are possibly sensitive indicator of the prognosis of leukemia.


Laryngotracheal stenosis is rare in adults, especially in the absence of a malignancy. It is most commonly caused by fibrosis following endotracheal intubation or tracheal trauma. Other conditions causing progressive airway narrowing include the mucopolysaccharidoses and autoimmune disorders. With the exception of storage diseases, there are no well-defined genetic disorders with progressive airway narrowing as a common complication. We have evaluated three unrelated individuals with this potentially life-threatening finding, all of whom have a previously unrecognized condition. Each patient had short stature and joint stiffness with no evidence for infectious, inflammatory, or metabolic diseases as a cause of their condition. None of our patients had clinical findings indicative of known skeletal dysplasias or storage diseases. They had minor facial anomalies which included deeply set eyes, bushy eyebrows, and flat midface. Given the unique findings of our patients including adult onset critical tracheal stenosis, short stature, progressive joint limitation, and distinct facial anomalies, we conclude that they have a previously undescribed condition.


ABSTRACT The London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games (London 2012) inspire a generation legacy aim targeted young people in the United Kingdom (UK) and internationally. This article explores how the London 2012 education-based legacy programmes aimed at young people, such as the Get Set initiative, affected relations between stakeholders connected to the Games. Utilising a stakeholder relations theoretical perspective we analysed documentary-based dialogue from a UK parliament Education Committee inquiry through a critical discourse analysis. From the analysis two discourses emerged. Firstly, around clarity of the purpose of the London 2012 educational programmes. Secondly, varying stakeholders' understanding during the inquiry of the inspire a generation legacy aim was articulated around the notion of a "missed opportunity," in particular, when translated into the domestic policy context around education and sport. The findings encourage stakeholders to reflect on potential fragmented accountability between sport mega event and domestic sectors; and achieving greater clarity to the purpose of legacy-based educational programme within a broader policy context.