The disertation is to prove that there was a wrong government policy of establishing the Provincial Minimum Wage reffering to the living cost for single. Because of such reason, the wage paid to labour is always insufficient to meet the living cost for labour and his family. The minimum wage should cover the operational cost of labour, so they can work fully during one month. The data of the minimum wage applied in in Pulau Gadung Estate, Jakarta (JIEP) showed that the wage paid to workers were only able to survive. If the policy is continued to be kept, the labour can not improve their living quality, and event the labour will be poor forever.This disertation is an alternative solution to overcome low wage happened in Indonesia. The system found will result the optimalization of labour income as their right must be gained from the company, and further effect to the company, the company will gain more profit, and event the company will develop its business optimally. Wage labour system will combine shirkah-inanwaal-ijarah so it will have a form of sharing any profit among labour, management power and stake holder. Besides, the labour will get wage proper basic wages including basic salary and benefit.The disertation refuses the views:  firstly, employers and the Indonesia government bureaucracy have created the labour as a part of production, effientcy and attractor for investation with low wages. Secondly, Jack Stiber says that workers are human resource belong to companies like other resources such as machine, material, money and method. As a result, workers must be ready for ending their works anytime. For management, the workers can be conside, as things like other sources. This ways resulted outsourcing method of employing labour. Thirdly, a view of Abdurahman al-Maliki, said that the policy of wage is based on estimation of experts in manpower market stock exchange.This dissertation has supported related to the Naqvi's opinion about the distribution of income should be separated from the concentration of the economic power dominated by certain people, but the economic power must orientate to maximize the total welfare. The dissertation also improve the opinion of Joseph Qardawi starting that wages of labour is given on basis of value of his  work and it is not just enough to eat and drink as a replacement  for the lost power, but the wage must also consider the workers' participation as a profit generator. Mustajir must pay full wages ajir event though the workers are willing to accept under proper wage. According to the opinion of Banisadr, Islam  rejects all concepts related to the application where the human beings or some of the people receive and get a bigger wage than the others who out of their responsibility. Abdul Jalil combine the wage system between the principal wage with the incentive (gainsharing) with the term combination called as shirkah inanwa al-ijarah which is still normative. Thus, the three opinions above cannot be applied in the waging system in increasingly complex companies.This dissertation is a case study observing labour wage system in Jakarta Industrial Estate Pulogadung in view of business  men, labour  and goverment. The primary data was randomly gained through quesionares  and deep interview comparing with constitution nomor 13, 2003 and Islamic wage concept. The Interpretation of Islamic wage concept uses fenomenology method which is a research method that mixed a subjective interpretation in observation object. The involvement of researcher in the field observing the object becomes standard pattern.


Abstract The execution of Death penalty in Indonesia is based on the court verdict that has had a permanent legal power. Only through the court ruling a man can be executed a death penalty upon the guilty alleged at him/her. The death penalty application in Indonesia is provided in the positive law with specific or general nature. As a country having the most verdicts with the capital punishment, either to its local citizen or to the foreign citizen who commits any offenders in the jurisdiction of Republic of Indonesia, triggering the existing of pro and contra stance on the capital punishment execution. The opposing stance based its argument on the human rights perspective, affirming that the capital punishment can be categorized as a form of savage and inhuman punishment and is in the contrary with the constitution. While the stance supporting the capital punishment execution is based on the argumentation that the perpetrator must be avenged in compliance with his/her commit, in order to give a deterrent effect for others who want to commit similar offense.    Nevertheless as a matter of fact, there are still many similar offense occurred though capital punishment has been implemented.    Keywords : Capital punishment, rights to live and human rights .


This paper gives the overview of the first shared task at FIRE 2020 on fake news detection in the Urdu language. This is a binary classification task in which the goal is to identify fake news using a dataset composed of 900 annotated news articles for training and 400 news articles for testing. The dataset contains news in five domains: (i) Health, (ii) Sports, (iii) Showbiz, (iv) Technology, and (v) Business. 42 teams from 6 different countries (India, China, Egypt, Germany, Pakistan, and the UK) registered for the task. 9 teams submitted their experimental results. The participants used various machine learning methods ranging from feature-based traditional machine learning to neural network techniques. The best performing system achieved an F-score value of 0.90, showing that the BERT-based approach outperformsothermachine learning classifiers.


Lung insufficiency was induced in 11 dogs by combined hemorrhagic hypotension (55 mm Hg for two hours) and clamping the portal triad (20 minutes). Four dogs were ventilated spontaneously (group 1). In seven dogs thoracotomy was done giving access to lung biopsies and central hemodynamic measurements (group 2). Five dogs were used as controls without hypotension or clamping. All the dogs in group 1 and 2 developed morphological changes in the lungs characteristic of post-traumatic lung insufficiency. A significant decrease of prekallikrein levels (42% and 34% of initial levels in the two groups, respectively) was found. A significant elevation of the kallikrein activity compared to initial values and the control group was found as well. The antikallikrein levels were reduced to 76% and 67% of initial levels in group 1 and 2, respectively. This reduction was statistically significant. A significant lowering of high molecular weight kininogen was also found, 50% and 28% of initial levels in the two groups. These results demonstrate activation of the kallikrein-kinin system in this experimental model. This can give information on the pathogenesis of post-traumatic lung insufficiency and can explain, for instance, the hypotension and oedema found in this condition. This study also demonstrates that homeostatic functions are altered, this probably being of greater interest than the specific lung alterations described by several authors. Determination of the components of the kallikrein-kinin system can be of diagnostic and prognostic value in post-traumatic lung insufficiency in clinical medicine.


It was proposed that the digestibility of organic matter (OMD) can be estimated from the relationship between total fecal nitrogen (TFN, as a % of organic matter intake (OMI) and fecal nitrogen concentration (FNc) through the equation: OMD = 1 - TFN/FNc. Two assumptions are critical to this equation, total fecal nitrogen (as a % of OMI) is a constant and does not change within a range of diet crude protein and fecal nitrogen concentration is proportional to digestibility of organic matter. The objective of this study was to test if total fecal nitrogen (as a % if OMI) remains constant over 3 feeding levels, and if fecal nitrogen concentration decreases with decreasing organic matter digestibility of maturing forages. Total fecal nitrogen did not change (P = 0.94) with feeding level, but increased (P < 0.05) with evaluation period. The fecal nitrogen concentration correlated (r = 0.60, P< 0.00l) to digestibility of organic matter. The results show that digestibility of organic matter cannot be estimated from total fecal nitrogen, unless time of year is considered. DOI:10.2458/azu_jrm_v56i1_ferri


Background GPA, a small-sized–vessel vasculitis, commonly involves ear, nose & throat (ENT), lungs and kidneys, and rarely, the CNS. Objectives The presentation, management and outcome of GPA CNS involvement were evaluated. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 16 patients (12 men) with: GPA satisfying ACR and/or Chapel Hill criteria; and, after excluding other causes, GPACNS involvement manifesting as pachymeningitis, meningitis, stroke, spinal cord involvement or hypophyseal involvement. Results Mean respective ages at GPA diagnosis and onset of CNS involvement were 43 and 47 years. The latter was present in 9 (56%) patients at GPA diagnosis, and appeared in the 7 others after a median follow-up of 24 months. Headache was the main symptom (67%), with motor and sensory impairments noted in 33 and 27%, respectively. CNS involvements were: pachymeningitis (n=8: 7 cranial and 1 spinal cord), ischemic (n=4) or hemorrhagic stroke (n=2), cerebral vasculitis (n=2), and/or hypophyseal involvement (n=2). Extra-CNS manifestations included ENT (75%), lungs (60%), peripheral nerve(s) (40%) and kidneys (33%). ANCA detected in 12/16 (75%) patients had PR3 (n=7) or MPO (n=5) specificity. Induction therapy comprised corticosteroids (CS, 100%) and IV (69%) or oral cyclophosphamide (CYC, 25%) or rituximab (6%). Maintenance therapy consisted of CS (100%) and azathioprine (63%), or methotrexate or rituximab (13% each). CNS involvement responded clinically in 12/16 (75%). Relapsing and/or refractory CNS GPA in 7 patientswas treated with IV CYC or rituximab (43% each) or oral CYC (14%). No patient died during follow-up, but 64% had persistent neurologicalsequelae. Conclusions Our series highlights the heterogeneity of CNS involvement in GPA. Despite initial severe disease, conventional therapy obtained clinical improvement in 75% of the patients. Rituximab should be evaluated for refractory and/or relapsing CNS GPA. Disclosure of Interest None Declared


UNLABELLED
Aphasia is an acquired language disorder due to brain damage and which may include difficulty in producing or comprehending spoken or written language. Stroke is the commonest cause and each year 50,000 new patients develop aphasia. People with aphasia differ in their speech output and in their fluency. Some people communicate reasonably well, while others have very limited powers of expression. This review will describe the neurology of speech and aphasia, and will focus on the role of the speech and language therapist in dealing with people with aphasia.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Dentists and their staff should be aware that after a stroke some people are unable to talk or have limited powers of expression. Comprehension might be impaired and people with aphasia may be unable to grasp some common language, such as appointment letters and patient information.


The article studies the causes and consequences of manipulating the financial statements of companies, identifies the most influential drivers of fraudulent reporting actions by employees and business owners. This research aimed to examine the effect of fraud indicators in fraud pentagon theory against the detection of fraudulent financial reporting on manufacturing companies. Independent variables in this research were variable pressure proxy by financial stability, external pressure, and financial target, opportunity proxy by nature of the industry, rationalization proxy by total accrual, capability proxy by the change of directors, and arrogance proxy by ownership by management. The dependent variable was the fraudulent financial reporting proxy by fraud score. The sample of this research used 57 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange Effect in 2013-2015. It is found that the result of the determination coefficient test shows an adjusted R2 value of 0.068, it means that the ability of the independent variable in explaining the variants of the dependent variable is still limited, which is 6.8%. The ANOVA test, which shows the possibility of using the regression model to predict the Fraudulent Financial Report, serves as the methodological tool of the study. It is determined that pressure with proxies of financial stability (current), external pressure (Lev), and financial target (ROA), opportunity with the nature of industry (receivable) proxy, and arrogance with managerial ownership (OM) proxy do not affect fraudulent financial reporting. The result of this research showed that rationalization variables proxy by the total accrual ratio and capability proxy by the change of directors had an influence on the fraudulent financial reporting. While the pressure variable proxy by financial stability measured with the current ratio, external pressure measured with leverage ratio, financial target measured with ROA, opportunity variable proxy by nature of industry variable measured with the change in inventory ratio, and arrogance proxy by ownership by management had no influence on financial statement fraud. The results obtained can be useful both for the management of the company and for regulatory authorities in terms of understanding the growth indicators of the financial statement fraud frequency and tools to minimize their impact.
Keywords: fraud, fraud pentagon, fraudulent financial reporting, financial statement fraud, leverage ratio, managerial ownership and manufacturing sector.


We study a combinatorial game named "sankaku-tori" in Japanese, which means "triangle-taking" in English. It is an old pencil-and-paper game for two players played in Western Japan. The game is played on points on the plane in general position. In each turn, a player adds a line segment to join two points, and the game ends when a triangulation of the point set is completed. The player who completes more triangles than the other wins. In this paper, we formalize this game and investigate three restricted variants of this game. We first investigate a solitaire variant; for a given set of points and line segments with two integers t and k, the problem asks if you can obtain t triangles after k moves. We show that this variant is NP-complete in general. The second variant is the standard two player version, but the points are in convex position. In this case, the first player has a nontrivial winning strategy. The last variant is a natural extension of the second one; we have the points in convex position but one point inside. Then, it turns out that the first player has no winning strategy.


Background and Purpose: Ovarian cancer is the most frequent cause of death from gynecologic malignancy. Recently, immunotherapies have been suggested as ways to treat this malignancy. However, the ideal of immunotherapy has not been realized yet in ovarian cancer patients. Therefore, we investigated effects of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mono DCs) and new-generation DCs subset (new DCs) on an ID8 orthotropic mouse model of ovarian cancer. Methods: Mono DCs were prepared from bone marrow of C57BL/6 mice. We isolated monocyte from bone marrow by monocyte isolation kit. Isolated monocyte was incubated for 7 days with IL-4 and GM-CSF. In addition, monocytes were pulsed with LPS and ID8 tumor lysate while incubating. Likewise new DCs were isolated from bone marrow of C57BL/6 mice. We isolated lineage negative cells from bone marrow using lineage cell depletion kit. Isolated cells were incubated with IL-4 and GM-CSF; also the cells were pulsed by ID8 tumor lysate and Rg3, which is a ginsenoside. Orthotropic model of ID8 was made on C57BL/6 mice. We injected 5x106 cells into peritoneal cavity. 4 weeks after cell injection, mice were grouped into three groups, which were vehicle, mono DCs and new DCs. Mice were injected with mono DCs and new DCs. 5x106 cells of DCs were injected 1 time/week for three weeks. One week later, mice were sacrificed and organs were harvested such as peritoneum, phren, ovary and tumor mass for histologic analysis. Results: DCs treated groups showed lower ascites formation than vehicle group. Ascites were fewest in new DCs group. Survival rate was lowest in vehicle group. Each survival rate is 0% in vehicle, 63% in new DCs and 80% in mono DCs. Also tumor growth at ovary was more decreased in mono DCs and new DCs group. In addition, mono DCs-treated mice showed low level of metastasis to other organs. Conclusion: Immunotherapy with dendritic cells showed inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis on mouse ovarian cancer. These results indicated that DCs treatments are able to be a potential therapy for ovarian cancer. It also could have synergy with the combined treatment of existing anticancer drugs. However, there are several limitations such as a relatively high dose of DCs and the procedure of isolating DCs needed large amount of bone marrow. We will continue to study and improve these issues. Citation Format: Min-Je Kim, Joo-won Kim, Ju-hyun Kim, Young-Jae Lee, Shin-Wha Lee, Yong-Man Kim. Immunotherapy with dendritic cells inhibited tumor growth on an ID8 orthotropic mouse model of ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 119.


Stentless aortic root bioprosthesis (Freestyle) was implanted to two patients of bicuspid aortic valve stenosis with anatomically abnormal positioning of the coronary ostia. In a patient of LR type bicuspid valve, the left coronary artery was located at 180 degrees against the right coronary ostium. To match the Valsalva sinus of the patient with bioprosthesis, the left half of the native annulus, 23 mm in the diameter, was plicated corresponding to the one third of the Freestyle inflow, 21 mm in the diameter. In the other patient of AP type bicuspid valve, both coronary ostia were closely positioned at 90 degrees. To keep both ostia in the sinus of bioprosthesis, careful trimming and suturing were required in the narrow part of both ostia. Their postoperative courses were uneventful and no regurgitation has been observed in either case.


Decision Analysis can not be done without some reflection on the normative grounds of the analysis. The aim of decision analysis is to recommend an action. This recommendation constitutes a normative act. There are mainly two economic decision analyses: Cost-benefit analysis and multi-criteria-analysis (MCA). The latter uses evaluations on several criteria to recommend a decision. The discussion about the superiority of one of these instruments is usually based on the question whether the interests of the decision maker are more adequately integrated into a mono- or multi-criteria analysis (see for example MUNDA 1996). In my paper I go one step further: I take it as evident that in certain contexts - which are here environmental decisions in the framework of sustainable development - interests are more adequately reflected by several criteria. I ask how these criteria would have to be constructed to integrate all possible arguments of the decision maker. The answer to this question, an explicitly normative discourse, leads to the idea of the implementation of an ethically neutral MCA. The chosen ethical foundation, pluralism, enforces the positive aspects of participation. The final paragraph illustrates the argument through a (still hypothetical) example.


IMPORTANCE
Superior rectus transposition (SRT) with or without medial rectus recession (MRc) has been introduced as an alternative to MRc alone for treatment of esotropic Duane syndrome; however, the effectiveness of these procedures has not been compared previously.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the safety and efficacy of MRc and SRT in treatment of Duane syndrome.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
Retrospective medical record review of all patients with esotropic Duane syndrome who underwent surgical treatment from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2012, in a multispecialty, hospital-based pediatric ophthalmology/adult strabismus practice at Boston Children's Hospital. Patients in the SRT group underwent SRT with or without MRc; those in the non-SRT group underwent unilateral or bilateral MRc.

EXPOSURES
Surgical treatment of esotropic Duane syndrome.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Binocular alignment, ocular ductions, head position, stereopsis, and fundus torsion were recorded before surgery and at the 2-month and final postoperative visits. We also evaluated postoperative drift.

RESULTS
The medical record review identified 36 patients who underwent 37 procedures, including 19 in the SRT group (13 SRT + MRc and 6 SRT alone) and 18 in the non-SRT group (11 unilateral MRc and 7 bilateral medial rectus resession). Mean MRc was smaller when performed with SRT (3.3 vs 5.3 mm; P = .004). Although the initial deviation was larger in the SRT group, both groups had a similar improvement in esotropia and head turn. Abduction improved by at least 1 unit in 15 of 19 patients in the SRT group (79%) vs 5 of 18 in the non-SRT group (28%). In 24 patients followed up for more than 6 months, mean esotropia decreased from 8.2 to 6.1 prism diopters (Δ) in the SRT group (n = 12) but increased from 7.2 to 10.9Δ in the non-SRT group (n = 12).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
The combination of SRT and MRc was more effective than MRc or bilateral medial rectus resession at improving abduction while allowing for a smaller recession to align the eyes and eliminate a compensatory head posture. Although any surgery on the vertical rectus muscles should in theory increase the risk for vertical or torsional complications, to date this theory has not been borne out in our patients. Patients treated with SRT appear to have a reduced likelihood of long-term undercorrection. We therefore recommend SRT with adjustable MRc for treatment of Duane syndrome in patients with larger amounts of esotropia.


Evaluating the performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and comparison with mammography, ultrasound (US) and histopathology results in cases of women with suspicious breast lesions. Forty nine cases on which histopathology was performed included in the study. All cases were applied mammography and US, and then MRI. Biopsy or post-operational results have been generated. Among the 49 cases, 27 (55%) benign and 22 (45%) were malign lesions. Using mammography, of the 49 cases, 24 (49%) were deemed to be malign. True positive cases were 20 (41%). In ultrasound, 25 (51%) were malign, 24 (49%) were benign. True positive cases were 21 (43%). Lesions were detected in all of the 49 cases using MRI. All of the 22 (45%) malign cases were diagnosed as malign lesion. Sensitivities of mammography, US and MRI in detecting lesions were 83%, 95% and 100%, and specificities were 85%, 85% and 92% respectively. In MRI, all cases were applied dynamic contrast sequences, for the cases with lesions detected, time signal intensity (SI) curves were drawn. 23 cases were detected as Type 1 (47%), 2 cases were Type 2 (4%), 24 cases were Type 3 (49%) SI curve. According to SI curves sensitivity in detecting malignities was 95% and specificity was 81%. MRI has been found superior to mammography and US in detecting masses especially with its characteristics of higher spatial resolution, less binding of dynamic properties evaluation on user. There may be a decrease of unnecessary interventional operations in benignmalign detection of breast lesions using dynamic breast MRI.


Abstract Following the sliding motion between two surfaces a heat release occures which leads to a changing of the mechanical properties of the surfaces in contact. Amongst the factors that influence the heat release one may name the loading, the velocity, the surface topography, the surface material, the lubrication and last but not the least, the environment. The present paper proposes a computation model to determine the temperature in the working of a coupling to which the mechanical characteristics of the materials are not affected by changes which, at their turn, lead to undesired effects.


We report branching fractions and charge asymmetries for exclusive decays of charged and neutral B mesons to two-body final states containing a charmonium meson, J/Ψ or Ψ/(2S). This result is based on a 29.4 fb-1 data sample collected at the Y(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric e+e- collider. © 2003 The American Physical Society.


Abstract We studied the feeding ecology of the thin-spined porcupine (Chaetomys subspinosus), a small arboreal rodent endemic to the Atlantic rain forest of Brazil and threatened with extinction. We captured and radiotracked 4 free-ranging individuals and collected 1,177 feeding records in 944 h of observation between April 2005 and September 2006. We found that the animal feeds exclusively on the leaves of woody trees, preferring young leaves. Diet composition and foraging pattern did not vary seasonally, although we observed a seasonal variation in the availability of young leaves. Annual diet comprised primarily (90%) 4 plant species, Albizia pedicellaris, Inga thibaudiana, Pera glabrata, and Tapirira guianensis. This small subset of plant species contains high levels of both leaf protein and fiber, and most preferred species have the capacity to establish symbiotic associations with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. A diet concentrated in a few taxonomically related, nitrogen-fixing species suggests that in addition to high protein levels other features linked to chemical tolerance and local abundance of food items also influence the use and selection of food by this small browser. We conclude that C. subspinosus is more folivorous than previously thought and that it is highly selective in food choice, as expected for a small arboreal mammalian folivore. Because the animals selected pioneers species that are locally abundant, widespread, and typical of early secondary forests, we suggest that food supply is not a limiting factor for the presence of thin-spined porcupines in small disturbed forest patches in the Atlantic forest.


Background
 We showed earlier that prolonged treatment with a combination of azacitidine (DNMT1 inhibitor) and panobinostat (HDAC inhibitor) induced complete remission in a disseminated xenograft model of KMT2A rearranged AML (Gopalakrishnapillai et al., 2017, Leuk Res). Pretreatment with epigenetic drugs has been shown to induce chemo-sensitivity in some malignancies. However, studies on the use of epigenetic drugs in overcoming chemoresistance mediated by the bone marrow microenvironment are limited. The aim of this study was to determine the merit of incorporating epigenetic therapy with chemotherapy in AML treatment regimen and to identify the mechanism by which epigenetic drugs can chemosensitize AML.
 Methods
 AML cell lines and PDX lines were co-cultured with HS5 bone marrow stromal cells. Cell viability following drug treatment was assessed by flow cytometry. For determination of cell adhesion, violet proliferation dye stained AML cells were co-cultured with HS5 cells. Following treatment, non-adherent cells were removed by washes with phosphate buffered saline. The number of adherent AML cells was determined by flow cytometry. NSG-B2m mice were engrafted with MV4;11 cells and bled regularly to evaluate disease progression. Once engraftment was confirmed mice were assigned to treatment groups. Epigenetic therapy constituted azacitidine and panobinostat (2.5 mg/Kg each; Qd5). Chemotherapy constituted cytarabine (50 mg/Kg; Qd5) and daunorubicin (1.5 mg/Kg; Qd3). Mice were euthanized when they reached predetermined experimental endpoints. All animal studies were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.
 Results
 AML cells in co-culture with HS5 bone marrow stromal cells were less sensitive to chemotherapeutics cytarabine and daunorubicin compared to AML cells in monoculture. This chemoprotection was not achieved when AML cells were cultured in HS5 conditioned media or in Transwell inserts suspended over HS5 monolayers, suggesting that direct cell-to-cell contact was required. MV4;11 cells exposed to epigenetic drugs or cytarabine alone retained 70% viability. Pre-treatment with the epigenetic drug combination of azacitidine and panobinostat prior to cytarabine exposure greatly reduced cell viability in MV4;11 cells harboring KMT2A fusion (Fig. 1A). Similar chemo-sensitization was observed when four distinct KMT2A rearranged PDX lines were used ex vivo. This sensitization was accompanied by reduced binding of AML cells to HS5 cells following treatment with epigenetic drugs (Fig. 1B).
 We evaluated the efficacy of the epigenetic therapy and chemotherapy combination in disseminated xenograft models of pediatric AML. NSG-B2m mice transplanted with MV4;11 cells via the tail vein were randomly assigned to four groups - 1) vehicle, 2) epigenetic therapy 3) chemotherapy (cytarabine + daunorubicin), and 4) epigenetic therapy followed by chemotherapy. The mice receiving the epigenetic therapy and chemotherapy combination survived significantly longer than mice treated with any other condition (Fig. 1C).
 To assess the leukemic cell distribution in peripheral blood, bone marrow and spleen following treatment, a cohort of mice receiving epigenetic therapy alone or chemotherapy alone were euthanized a day after treatment concluded. The percentage of leukemic cells in bone marrow and spleen was lower in mice treated with epigenetic therapy than those treated with chemotherapy, consistent with the survival data. Surprisingly, the peripheral blood counts were significantly higher in mice receiving epigenetic drug combination. These results together with our in vitro data indicate that epigenetic therapy induces mobilization of AML cells to the blood stream. This increased availability of AML cells may promote enhanced sensitivity to chemotherapy.
 Conclusion
 Our data suggest that direct cell-to-cell contact plays a major role in mediating chemoprotective effects of the bone marrow microenvironment. These chemoprotective effects can be overcome by pretreatment with epigenetic drug combination azacitidine and panobinostat. Epigenetic drugs interfere with AML cell interactions with the microenvironment and dislodge AML cells from their protective niche. Thus, mobilization of AML cells to peripheral blood is a potential mechanism of chemo-sensitization mediated by epigenetic drugs.

 Kolb: Servier: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche- Genentech: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.


The cause of death was investigated with several dead cabbage moth larvae in breeding box. Bacterial strains were isolated and selected from the dead larvae by bioassay. One of them was identified as Serratia marcescens used by morphological characteristics and gene sequencing. S. marcescens were cultured by Luria Bertani (LB) media broth for bioassay. When 100-fold dilution of culture broth to third larvae of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, it was showed a 100% mortality at 2 days after treatment, and only 10-fold dilution of supernatant liquid was showed 86.6% mortality. When the culture broth of S. marcescens was applied to the larvae of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, contact and feeding toxicity were 20 and 8% of mortality, respectively. Otherwise, when the culture broth of S. marcescens was applied to 5 major plant pathogens, antibacterial activities against Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Phytophthora capsici and Sclerotinias clerotiorum were 4.7, 11.3, 20, 15.7 and 42.6%, respectively. Also, degradation ability of S. marcescens against protein and chitin were examined.


A very large body of experimental results have accumulated in the field of operant, or instrumental, conditioning of the rat, the pigeon, and of other experimental animals. The application to human behavior of the laws generated by such research is most often done by the use of theory. An alternative method is to demonstrate that the manipulation of classes of empirically defined variables that produce specific and highly characteristic changes in the behavior of small experimental animals in Skinner boxes produce similar changes in the behavior of college students. This paper reports procedures for the direct application of the variables defining the paradigm for operant conditioning to human behavior and shows that human beings act very much indeed like experimental animals when they are subjected to the same experimental treatments. It suggests that direct application of conditioning principles to some categories of human behavior may be justified. The procedures are simple and they may be followed by anyone, with a minimum of equipment. That it is possible to condition human motor behavior will surprise few who are concerned with behavior theory. Nevertheless, it has not always been clear what behaviors will act as "responses," what events will prove to be "reinforcing stimuli," or exactly what procedures would most readily yield reproducible results. This paper describes methods that have been worded out for easy and rapid operant conditioning of motor behavior in humans, states characteristic findings, and reports sample results. Developed in a series of exploratory experiments in an elementary laboratory course in psychology, the methods may have a wider utility.


Background
The aim of the paper was to perform an Italian version of the International Questionnaire of Physical Activity in the Elderly: IPAQ-EIT.

Methods
Adults with age over 64 years with normal neurological status and without difficulty in ambulation were enrolled in opportunistic way and on voluntary basis in different Italian regions. Two independent researchers have translated the English version independently. The final IPAQ-EIT version was submitted twice, with an interval of one day between each administration (T0 and T1). McNemar's Test was used to assess the agreement between qualitative variables; Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test and Spearman correlation coefficients were used for continuous data. Cronbach's alpha was used as a measure of the internal consistency.

Results
Thirty-three questionnaires were collected at T0 and T1. 100% of response rate was obtained. The Cronbach's alpha at T0 was α= 0.79 and at T1 α= 0.84. The Spearman's coefficient reported significant associations (p<0.001) between the two administrations for all items. The test-retest analysis for two paired samples underlined for all items not significant differences.

Conclusions
The IPAQ-EIT short form shown an acceptable consistency, feasibility to administer and easy to combine with other questionnaires. It is an additional valid measuring tool for physical activity levels in the elderly.


User adaptability and acceptability in heterogeneous environments are very important issues, mainly for people with disabilities. Traditional technology-push approaches fail in overcoming the needs. It becomes crucial to adopt a user-centric approach, both from methodological and technological points of views. In this paper we present a semantic matching framework for personalized service delivery in assistive environments. This framework is based on matching two models: (1) environment model, describing environment factors and (2) user model, describing the human factors. The Framework was implemented using semantic web technologies and integrated into a demonstrator, which has been used to validate the concept in laboratory conditions. Our contribution is three folded: first, the formalization of the user model and the environment model, second, the matching between these two models combining the human factors and the environmental factors, and third the description of these models and their association with ontology based languages.


Abstract Recent observations have successfully detected UV or infrared flux from galaxies at the epoch of reionization. However, the origin of their radiative properties has not been fully understood yet. Combining cosmological hydrodynamic simulations and radiative transfer calculations, we present theoretical predictions of multi-wavelength radiative properties of the first galaxies at z = 6–15. We find that most of the gas and dust are ejected from star-forming regions due to supernova (SN) feedback, which allows UV photons to escape. We show that the peak of SED rapidly shifts between UV and infrared wavelengths on a timescale of 100 Myr due to intermittent star formation and feedback. When dusty gas covers the star-forming regions, the galaxies become bright in the observed-frame sub-millimeter wavelengths. In addition, we find that the escape fraction of ionizing photons also changes between 1–40% at z > 10. The mass fraction of H ii region changes with star formation history, resulting in fluctuations of metal lines and Lyman-α line luminosities. In the starbursting phase of galaxies with a halo mass ∼1011Mȯ (1012Mȯ), the simulated galaxy has L[OIII] ∼ 1042 (1043) erg s−1, which is consistent with the observed star-forming galaxies at z > 7. Our simulations suggest that deep [Cii] observation with ALMA can trace the distribution of neutral gas extending over ∼20 physical kpc. We also find that the luminosity ratio L[OIII]/L[CII] decreases with bolometric luminosity due to metal enrichment. Our simulations show that the combination of multi-wavelength observations by ALMA and JWST will be able to reveal the multi-phase ISM structure and the transition from starbursting to outflowing phases of high-z galaxies.


Random variables defined on the natural numbers may often be approximated by Poisson variables. Just as normal approximations may be improved by saddlepoint methods, Poisson approximations may be substantially improved by tilting, expansion, and other related methods. This work will develop and examine the use of these methods, as well as present examples where such methods may be needed.


[1] Rock-on-rock wear under known normal loads was measured experimentally using 62 mm diameter rotating discs machined from a range of silicic rock types: one granite, two metamorphic rocks, and three sandstones of porosities varying between 7% and 28%. Wear debris was removed continuously from the contacting surfaces by water. We obtained a wear law of the form dT/dx = Aσnϕm, where σ is contact normal stress (MPa), dT/dx is a dimensionless wear rate (meter wear (T) per meter shear displacement (x)), ϕ is porosity, and A, n, and m are empirical constants, 10−8.11, 8.33, and 4.50, respectively. Low-porosity rocks displayed surface polishing, and abraded particle size was substantially smaller than the starting grain size. Whole grains were plucked from high-porosity rocks, without any surface polishing, so that the wear product particle size remained the same as that of the starting material. The empirical wear law describes abrasion beneath a hard-bedded temperate glacier, provided we can estimate both the in situ normal stress between entrained clasts and the bed and the horizontal velocity of the clasts in the flowing ice. Normal stress concentration is expected to develop at clast/bed contacts from drag against ice flowing toward the bed, where pressure melting occurs. These experimental data are consistent with wear rates inferred from silt outflow in subglacial streams, provided a tenfold stress concentration can occur relative to the ice overburden pressure. The rate of production of fine-grained wear products under subglacial conditions is substantially less than by tectonic faulting.


Using faculty narratives, this study identifies factors affecting the occurrence of facultydoctoral student coauthorship. Norms of the discipline, resources, faculty goals for students, faculty goals for themselves, and institutional expectations emerged as dominant factors. Each factor is explored separately and as part of an interlocking holistic picture.


Recent reports have been suggested the association between osteoarthritis and genetic polymorphism. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) plays an important role in the detoxification of carcinogen, chemical toxins, and other harmful materials in the body. To investigate the possible association between osteoarthritis and GST gene polymorphism, 111 Korean osteoarthritis patients and 537 Korean healthy control subjects were evaluated. All studies were carried out according to the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines and written informed consent was obtained from each subject. The polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes were analyzed. The distribution of GSTM1 polymorphism between osteoarthritis patients and controls was significantly different [χ 2 = 7.9605, p=0.0045, odds ratios (95% confidence intervals)=1.8154 (1.1954∼2.7570)]. The distribution of GSTT1 polymorphism was also significantly different between two groups [χ 2 =10.1853, p=0.0014, odds ratios (95% confidence intervals)=1.9816 (1.2957∼3.0306)]. In the combined analysis of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes, the frequency of both null type of GSTM1/T1 genes was significantly different from both positive type of GSTM1/T1 genes [χ 2 =7.6575, p=0.0057, odds ratios (95% confidence intervals)=2.1685 (1.1796∼3.9865)]. These results indicate that the polymorphisms of GST gene may be a susceptibility factor in the development of osteoarthritis in Korean population.


The paper analyses changes in potential evaporation E0 (mm) in north-western Poland in the years 1952–2018. E0 (mm) has been calculated according to Ivanov's formula based on the monthly values of air temperature (t, °C) and relative air humidity (f, %) for six weather stations of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. The data were collected using the Statistica software ver. 13 and the QGIS software ver. 3.80. The results indicate statistically significant trends in the increase of E0 during the period 1952–2018, and that it is particularly high during the spring and summer months, which should be associated with a statistically significant increase in air temperature and a decrease in relative humidity at all examined stations. The results also indicate an exceptionally high increase in evaporation since the end of the 20th century and in the 21st century, which reflects a potentially higher risk of permanent changes in hydrological conditions. The research results point to the major role of climatic factors in the often-dramatic decreases in water resources observed in the 21st century, particularly in lakes and small watercourses. The progressing reduction of water resources may cause permanent changes in physical and chemical conditions in waterbodies.


Peer-to-peer (P2P) is becoming a key technology for software development, but still lacks integrated solutions to build trust in the final software, in terms of correctness and security. Testing such systems is difficult because of the high numbers of nodes which can be volatile. In this paper, we present a framework for testing volatility of P2P systems. The framework is based on the individual control of peers, allowing test cases to precisely control the volatility of peers during execution. We validated our framework through implementation and experimentation on two open-source P2P systems. Through experimentation, we analyze the behavior of both systems on different conditions of volatility and show how the framework is able to detect implementation problems.


Due to the importance of Wind energy as an intermittent renewable resource in Micro-Grids applications; this paper is proposed. So this research proposal seeks to model and analyze components of a wind turbine generator (WTG) system to store energy and supply loads with the stored energy. Focus is placed on the storage of energy into a lead acid battery and using the battery with the inverter as a dispatchable energy source. The storage device and inverter acts as a steam power plant generator. The small-scale system consists of wind turbine, wind generator, loads, dcdc converter, ac-dc inverter, controller and battery. We use the desired power value delivered to each load to determine characteristics of the wind turbine system. Some characteristics are: wind speed, power, and charging / discharging characteristics for the battery are presented. We build the proposed real system to present a system with its components in details on a small scale. Such model' components are tested together with other distributed system models in order to evaluate and predict the overall system performance. The proposed research presents to show an operational wind power system, for a small-scale micro-grid application. The experimental test-bed is implemented to supply the Neural Network model with its real training data. Using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN), with feed forward backpropagation technique to introduce discharging ANN model with Time as input and Voltage, Ampere-hours and Power (Watt) as outputs. ANN network consists of two layers one hidden with logsigmoid function (has two neurons) and the second with pure-line function (has three neurons). This is done to make benefits from the ability of neural network for interpolation between points and also curves. ANN model with Back Propagation (BP) technique is created with suitable numbers of layers and neurons. The model is checked and verified by comparing actual and predicted ANN values, with good error value and excellent regression factor to imply accuracy.


We experimentally investigate drop impact dynamics onto different superhydrophobic surfaces, consisting of regular polymeric micropatterns and rough carbon nanofibers, with similar static contact angles. The main control parameters are the Weber number We and the roughness of the surface. At small We, i.e., small impact velocity, the impact evolutions are similar for both types of substrates, exhibiting Fakir state, complete bouncing, partial rebouncing, trapping of an air bubble, jetting, and sticky vibrating water balls. At large We, splashing impacts emerge forming several satellite droplets, which are more pronounced for the multiscale rough carbon nanofiber jungles. The results imply that the multiscale surface roughness at nanoscale plays a minor role in the impact events for small We less than or approximately equal 120 but an important one for large We greater than or approximately equal 120. Finally, we find the effect of ambient air pressure to be negligible in the explored parameter regime We less than or approximately equal 150.


This article deals with the phenomenon of grandfamilies. It sets out to determine what the existing literature reports on the issue of grandparents in the position of surrogate parents, and to introduce the topic of grandparents as it has been examined in international sociological studies published in the past decade, thereby embedding the topic into the sociology of ageing and the sociology of the family. It also identifies key concepts and gaps in research. It employs the scoping review method, and the articles assessed in the scoping review were analysed according to their country of origin, research methods, and the concepts they employed. The articles' research questions, goals, and recommendations for further research were divided into six categories: general characteristics, intergenerational relations, health, culture and ethnicity, wellbeing, and support. The article concludes with a summary of the research that has been done on grandfamilies in the past ten years and with recommendations for future research in this area.


The structure of the ground state beyond the instability point of the quasiparticle system with a Fermi-step momentum distribution is studied within the model of a Fermi liquid with a strong repulsive interaction. A ground-state rearrangement occurs as the interaction strength is increased beyond a certain critical value. Numerical investigation of the initial stage of this structural transition shows that there are two temperature regions, corresponding to different scenarios of the rearrangement. While for temperature T larger than some characteristic temperature the behaviour of the system is the same as that in the case of fermion condensation, for an intermediate structure with a multi-connected quasiparticle momentum distribution arises.


The performance of a typical speech recognition system is degraded in the presence of extrinsic sources like noise and due to the recording artifacts like reverberation. The principle of modulation filtering attempts to remove the spectro-temporal modulations of the speech signal that are more susceptible to noise while preserving the key modulations for speech recognition. While traditional approaches use modulation filters that are hand-crafted, we propose a novel method for modulation filter learning using deep variational models in this paper. Specifically, we pose the filter learning problem in a deep unsupervised generative modeling framework where the convolutional filters in the variational autoencoder capture the important speech modulations. The two-dimensional modulation filters, learned using the deep variational networks in the joint spectro-temporal domain, are used to process the spectrogram features for speech recognition task. Several speech recognition experiments are performed on a set of tasks consisting of additive noise with channel artifacts (Aurora-4), reverberation (REVERB Challenge), and additive noise with reverberation (CHiME-3). In these experiments, the proposed modulation filter learning framework shows significant improvements over the baseline features as well as various other noise robust front-ends (average relative improvements of 7.5% and 20% over the baseline features on the Aurora-4 and CHiME-3 databases respectively). Furthermore, the proposed method is also shown to be of considerable benefit for semi-supervised automatic speech recognition applications. For example, on Aurora-4 database we observe an average relative improvement of 25% over the baseline system using 30% labeled training data.


Heat preconditioning is a rapid cellular adaptive mechanism shared by many cells/ organs / organisms that results in synthesis and accumulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs), which are responsible for increased tolerance and survival of animals during and after heat stress (HS). HSPs function as molecular chaperones by restoring cellular homeostasis and promoting cell survival, and their major functions include protection of cells from injury by preventing protein damage and aggregation. Abundant evidence points to the ability of one kind of stress caused by external factors that induce primary adaptations in the organism to provide protection against additional stress of the same or another type, a phenomenon known as cross-tolerance. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the diseases which have been associated with increased tissue sensitivity and vulnerability due to incorrect protein folding. Thus, HSPs may play an important role in minimizing the protein damage that can occur under the stressful conditions created by the disease. By increasing HSP production, heat preconditioning may be a promising therapy for patients with lifestylerelated diseases such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, DM and obesity. Also, pancreatic β-cells exposed to acute HS activate defence mechanisms which include HSP synthesis and are less sensitive to the effects of cytotoxic agents such as NO, oxygen radicals and β-cytotoxic diabetogenic agents, such as streptozotocin (STZ). Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondria-specific cell stress are associated and can even be a primary abnormality caused by DMinduced hyperglycaemia and oxidative stress. There are an increasing number of genetic and/or pharmacological modulations of HSPs that have revealed the connection between HSPs, mitochondria and diabetes. HSPs may affect mitochondrial function in multiple ways, but the influence on skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, as well as on the pancreas, has attracted most interest as a key element in the development of novel pharmacological approaches to treating DM and associated metabolic conditions.


One of the most important and widely discussed duties imposed on company directors and officers is the duty in s 180(1) of the Australian Corporations Act 2001 to act with reasonable care and diligence. It is a duty that can be enforced by both private plaintiffs and the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC). The authors undertake an empirical study of all cases brought by ASIC for breach of the duty to act with care and diligence during the 25-year period 1993–2017 in order to assess the extent to which ASIC is changing governance standards through litigation. We find that ASIC has been ambitious in pushing the boundaries of s 180(1) and has had a strong success rate, proving a contravention in 83% of cases brought, and in a wide range of factual situations. The most common category of case in which a breach was proven was causing the company to breach the law, failing to prevent the company from breaching the law or committing acts which were inherently likely to constitute a breach of the law. There is a strong public interest focus in s 180(1) litigation, given that the main penalty sought by ASIC, and ordered by the courts, is disqualification from managing companies, which is a remedy that has as its primary objective the protection of the public. The high success rate, combined with the wide range of factual scenarios in which ASIC has established a breach, indicates that ASIC has had a significant impact on governance standards applicable to directors and officers of companies.


BACKGROUND
The issue of expanding flight privileges that do not require medical oversight is currently an important topic, especially in the United States. We compared personal flying accident rates in aircraft with special light sport aircraft (SLSA) and experimental light sport aircraft (ELSA) airworthiness certificates to accident rates for personal flying in other general aviation (GA) aircraft.

METHODS
To calculate accident rates, personal flying hours were obtained from the annual FAA General Aviation and Part 135 Activity Surveys, and numbers of personal flying accidents were obtained from the NTSB accident database. Overall and fatal personal flying accident rates for the SLSA and ELSA groups and other GA aircraft were calculated and accident rates were compared.

RESULTS
The overall personal flying accident rate for SLSA and ELSA was found to be 29.8 per 100,000 flight hours and the fatal accident rate was 5.2 per 100,000 flying hours. These are both significantly greater than the overall personal flying rate of 12.7 per 100,000 h and fatal rate of 2.6 per 100,000 h for other GA aircraft.

DISCUSSION
Although this study has several limitations, the significantly higher accident rates in the sport pilot aircraft suggests caution when expanding sport pilot privileges to include larger, more complex aircraft. Mills WD, DeJohn CA. Personal flying accident rates of selected light sport aircraft compared with general aviation aircraft. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2016; 87(7):652-654.


This paper introduces read-log-update (RLU), a novel extension of the popular read-copy-update (RCU) synchronization mechanism that supports scalability of concurrent code by allowing unsynchronized sequences of reads to execute concurrently with updates. RLU overcomes the major limitations of RCU by allowing, for the first time, concurrency of reads with multiple writers, and providing automation that eliminates most of the programming difficulty associated with RCU programming. At the core of the RLU design is a logging and coordination mechanism inspired by software transactional memory algorithms. In a collection of micro-benchmarks in both the kernel and user space, we show that RLU both simplifies the code and matches or improves on the performance of RCU. As an example of its power, we show how it readily scales the performance of a real-world application, Kyoto Cabinet, a truly difficult concurrent programming feat to attempt in general, and in particular with classic RCU.


Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are the main conduits for macromolecular transport into and out of the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. The central component of the NPC transport mechanism is an assembly of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that fills the NPC channel. The channel interior is further crowded by large numbers of simultaneously translocating cargo-carrying and free transport proteins. How the NPC can efficiently, rapidly and selectively transport varied cargoes in such crowded conditions remains ill understood. Past experimental results suggest that the NPC is surprisingly resistant to clogging and that transport may even become faster and more efficient as the concentration of transport protein increases. To understand the mechanisms behind these puzzling observations, we construct a computational model of the NPC comprising only a minimal set of commonly-accepted consensus features. This model qualitatively reproduces the previous experimental results and identifies self-regulating mechanisms that relieve crowding. We show that some of the crowding-alleviating mechanisms – such as preventing saturation of the bulk flux – are "robust" and rely on very general properties of crowded dynamics in confined channels, pertaining to a broad class of selective transport nanopores. By contrast, the counter-intuitive ability of the NPC to leverage crowding to achieve more efficient single molecule translocation is "fine-tuned" and relies on the particular spatial architecture of the IDP assembly in the NPC channel.


As technology advances, users get more detached from the way things work and are produced. Users end up being pure consumers and leave their positions as decision makers behind. Before the architecture and buildings processes were industrialized, most practitioners of the so-called vernacular architecture were in fact the dwellers of what they built and they easily met the specific personal needs since they were in total control. Some "architectural theorists have turned to vernacular construction with the conviction that such buildings and settlements express the interconnectedness between humans and the landscapes they live in." (Beesley and Bonnemaison 2008). Considering the present day intense building activity, such relationship of dweller and architecture seems not possible excepting a very few examples to later referred to. This paper will instead focus on the possibility of the non-architect users of architectures as decision makers in order to reach designs that meet the requirements of their addressees.


The paper considers the question of the normalized minimum determinant (or asymptotic coding gain) of real matrix lattices. The coding theoretic motivation for such study arises, for example, from the questions considering multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) ultra-wideband (UWB) transmission. At the beginning, totally general coding gain bounds for real MIMO lattice codes is given by translating the problem into geometric language. Then code lattices that are produced from division algebras are considered. By applying methods from the theory of central simple algebras, coding gain bounds for code lattices coming from orders of division algebras are given. Finally, it is proven that these bounds can be reached by using maximal orders. In the case of 2 × 2 matrix lattices, this existence result proves that the general geometric bound derived earlier can be reached.


Calcium Aluminate Cement as Dental Restorative. Mechanical Properties and Clinical Durability Karin Sunnegårdh-Grönberg, Department of Dental Hygienist Education, Dental School, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden. In 1995, the Swedish government recommended the discontinuation of amalgam as restorative in paediatric dentistry. Because the mercury content in amalgam constitutes an environmental hazard, its use has declined. The use of resin composites is increasing, but the polymerisation shrinkage of the material is still undesirably high, and the handling of uncured resin can cause contact dermatitis. A new restorative material has recently been developed in Sweden as an alternative to amalgam and resin composite: a calcium aluminate cement (CAC). CAC has been marketed as a ceramic direct restorative for posterior restorations (class I, II) and for class V restorations. This thesis evaluates mechanical properties and clinical durability of the calcium aluminate cement when used for class II restorations. Hardness, in vitro wear, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and surface roughness were evaluated. A scanning electron replica method was used for evaluation of the interfacial adaptation to tooth structures in vivo. The durability was studied in a 2-year intra-individually clinical follow-up of class II restorations. Major results and conclusions from the studies are as follows: • The CAC was a relatively hard material, harder than resin-modified glass ionomer cement but within the range of resin composites. The CAC wore less than resin-modified glass ionomer cement but more than resin composite. • Flexural strength of CAC was in the same range as that of zinc phosphate cement and far below that of both resin composite and resin-modified glass ionomer cement. Flexural modulus of CAC was higher than both resin composite and resin-modified glass ionomer cement. The low flexural strength of CAC precludes its use in stress-bearing areas. • Surface roughness of CAC could be decreased by several polishing techniques. • For CAC restorations, interfacial adaptation was higher to dentin but lower to enamel compared with resin composite restorations. Fractures were found perpendicular to the boarders of all CAC restorations and may indicate expansion of the material. • After 2 years of clinical service, the class II CAC restorations showed an unacceptably high failure rate. Material fractures and tooth fractures were the main reasons for failure.


The binding of nerve growth factor (NGF) to the tropomyosin–related kinase A (TrkA) and p75NTR receptors activates a large variety of pathways regulating critical processes as diverse as proliferation, differentiation, membrane potential, synaptic plasticity, and pain. To ascertain the details of TrkA‐p75NTR interaction and cooperation, a plethora of experiments, mostly based on receptor overexpression or downregulation, have been performed. Among the heterogeneous cellular systems used for studying NGF signaling, the PC12 pheochromocytoma‐derived cell line is a widely used model. By means of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, we created PC12 cells lacking TrkA, p75NTR, or both. We found that TrkA‐null cells become unresponsive to NGF. Conversely, the absence of p75NTR enhances the phosphorylation of TrkA and its effectors. Using a patch‐clamp, we demonstrated that the individual activation of TrkA and p75NTR by NGF results in antagonizing effects on the membrane potential. These newly developed PC12 cell lines can be used to investigate the specific roles of TrkA and p75NTR in a genetically defined cellular model, thus providing a useful platform for future studies and further gene editing.


The incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) correlates with environmental exposure to pesticides, such as the organochlorine insecticide, dieldrin. Previous studies found an increased concentration of the pesticide in the striatal region of the brains of PD patients and also that dieldrin adversely affects cellular processes associated with PD. These processes include mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species production. However, the mechanism and specific cellular targets responsible for dieldrin-mediated cellular dysfunction and the structural components of dieldrin contributing to its toxicity (toxicophore) have not been fully defined. In order to identify the toxicophore of dieldrin, a structure-activity approach was used, with the toxicity profiles of numerous analogues of dieldrin (including aldrin, endrin, and cis-aldrin diol) assessed in PC6-3 cells. The MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were used to monitor cell viability and membrane permeability after treatment with each compound. Cellular assays monitoring ROS production and extracellular dopamine metabolite levels were also used. Structure and stereochemistry for dieldrin were found to be very important for toxicity and other end points measured. Small changes in structure for dieldrin (e.g., comparison to the stereoisomer endrin) yielded significant differences in toxicity. Interestingly, the cis-diol metabolite of dieldrin was found to be significantly more toxic than the parent compound. Disruption of dopamine catabolism yielded elevated levels of the neurotoxin, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, for many organochlorines. Comparisons of the toxicity profiles for each dieldrin analogue indicated a structure-specific effect important for elucidating the mechanisms of dieldrin neurotoxicity.


In forensic mental health settings, quality of social climates is associated with a range of therapeutic assets. An essential characteristic of neurobehavioural rehabilitation services is provision of an enriched environment which reverses contingencies that maintain challenging behaviour. The concept of social climate is therefore equally important to these services. Criticisms of existing measures of social climate led to development of the EssenCES. This was initially validated in German forensic mental hospitals, and subsequently an English translation in equivalent UK services. To determine if EssenCES can be used to measure social climate in neurobehavioural rehabilitation units, responses from 114 staff and patients were analysed using statistical methods from classical test theory. Results were similar to those obtained previously. Rasch analysis was also used to test the assumption that EssenCES comprises a true interval-scale measurement tool. Item–person misfit, erratic responding, redundant response categories and disordered thresholds undermined this assumption. Rating scale recalibration, item reduction, and removing respondents who continued to demonstrate poor fit resulted in a measure with good internal construct validity but questionable external construct validity. Relative merits of modifying EssenCES for use with patients with cognitive impairment versus designing a measure conceptualised for use in neurobehavioural rehabilitation services are discussed.


A thin, flexible, insulated wire submerged in seawater forms a coaxial cable which has attenuation at ultra-high frequency (UHF) dependent on the operating frequency, the diameter of the insulating material and the diameter of the inner conductor. An extension of the insulated wire above the surface through a spherical float forms a monopole antenna. Attenuation through the wire depends on the conductivity and temperature of seawater. This paper reports the effect of electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation at 433 MHz through insulated wires with different radii of the insulating material and inner conductor. The attenuation was calculated and measured in the range of 32-47 dB/m. The propagation from the monopole antenna to a fixed shore based receiver was measured to be approximately equal to 1 dB/m. The propagation measurements were compared with a shielded coaxial cable. Results show that the propagation range depends on the ratio of the insulation radius to conductor radius for insulated wire, however, a shielded coaxial cable showed no significant attenuation. The technique has applications in coastal wireless sensor networks where the water depth changes continually due to tide and wave motion.


This paper studies the problem of modeling object-based visual concepts such as "crazy car" and "shy dog" with a goal to extract emotion related information from social multimedia content. We focus on detecting such adjective-noun pairs because of their strong co-occurrence relation with image tags about emotions. This problem is very challenging due to the highly subjective nature of the adjectives like "crazy" and "shy" and the ambiguity associated with the annotations. However, associating adjectives with concrete physical nouns makes the combined visual concepts more detectable and tractable. We propose a hierarchical system to handle the concept classification in an object specific manner and decompose the hard problem into object localization and sentiment related concept modeling. In order to resolve the ambiguity of concepts we propose a novel classification approach by modeling the concept similarity, leveraging on online commonsense knowledgebase. The proposed framework also allows us to interpret the classifiers by discovering discriminative features. The comparisons between our method and several baselines show great improvement in classification performance. We further demonstrate the power of the proposed system with a few novel applications such as sentiment-aware music slide shows of personal albums.


This letter investigates the structure of the optimal spatial multiplex scheme in a multiuser multiantenna wireless fading environment. Based on a sum-capacity criterion, this letter shows that the optimal transmission strategy in an uplink or downlink channel with n antennas at the base-station involves more than n users at the same time. In particular, when remote users are equipped with m antennas each, the maximum number of data streams is shown to be upper bounded by n2, with each user transmitting or receiving up to m2  data streams. This gives a dimension-counting interpretation for multiuser diversity. Multiple antennas at the base-station increases the total number of dimensions, thus allowing more users to transmit and receive at the same time. By contrast, multiple antennas at the remote terminal allow a single user to occupy multiple dimensions, which increases its transmission rate, but also has the potential effect of precluding simultaneous transmission by other users


The development of complex societies, irrigation agriculture and sociopolitical transitions are of interest to researchers working in the Nasca region on the south coast of Peru. Occupied for thousands of years, many questions regarding the circumstances of these changes in the area are being investigated. Oxygen isotope analysis provides a method for exploring residential mobility of past peoples during these transitions. This study presents new δ18O data from water sources that would have been used by the ancient inhabitants, providing important information regarding the oxygen isotope variability in the region and the necessary baseline data for migration studies in this region. Our results suggest that the isotopic composition of water sources in the Nasca region is not highly variable. In addition, archaeological human tooth enamel samples from the sites of La Tiza and Pajonal Alto are analysed. The δ18Oc results of the human enamel samples confirm the local nature of the burial population, as suggested by previous strontium isotope analysis (87Sr/86Sr). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This article was published online on 13 January 2010. An error was subsequently identified. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected 15 January 2010.


Lanthanides are routinely incorporated into quantum dots to act as down-shifting and up-converting phosphors in display and lighting applications due to their high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY). Recent efforts in the field have demonstrated that trivalent lanthanide, Ln(III), incorporated into ZnAl2O4 spinel nanocrystals can achieve PLQYs of 50% for down-shifting nanophosphors using earth abundant materials. The high PLQY is surprising as the Al(III) site in a spinel is centrosymmetric, which should lead to poor performance for these nanophosphors. However, spinels are prone to formation of an admixture of inverse and normal spinel lattices when the cation size ratio is not optimal. Such behavior can produce local cation disorder that can influence the phosphor performance. Herein, we describe the use of Tb(III) as an optical probe to evaluate the fractional population of the inverse and normal spinel structures within TbxZnAl2-xO4. The experimental data exhibits a Tb(III) concentration dependent change in the fractional population that results in a maximum PLQY of 37% with 3.56% Tb(III) incorporation. A decrease in the degree of inversion (cation disorder) leads to larger amounts of the cubic Fd3 ̅m phase resulting in the observed photoluminescence behavior. The correlation of NMR, pXRD, and optical methods provides direct insight into the high PLQY behavior for this class of nanophosphor.


Objectives Obesity is associated with an increased cancer incidence and mortality and therefore cancer screening is particularly important for obese individuals. However, some US studies find lower screening uptake in this group. This study explored whether rates of breast and colorectal screening in England are lower for obese than healthy weight individuals. Setting Data were from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Methods We analysed data from adults who were eligible to have been invited to the UK national screening programmes for breast or colorectal cancer (CRC) in the last five years, and had been given the screening module in Wave 5 of ELSA (N = 1804 for CRC screening, N = 2401 for breast cancer screening). Weight and height were measured by a nurse at Wave 4 (two years earlier). Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds of breast and CRC screening (ever) for participants in higher weight categories (Body Mass Index [BMI] ≥ 25) compared with healthy weight individuals (BMI <25), controlling for socio-demographic variables. Results Of ELSA participants, 63% reported CRC screening, and 92% of the women reported breast cancer screening. Obesity was associated with lower CRC screening, but effects were strongest for class III obesity (BMI ≥40) (45% screened; OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.32–0.93, P = .029). There was no association between weight status and breast cancer screening. Conclusion Severe obesity appears to be a deterrent to CRC screening but not breast cancer screening. Targeted interventions may be required to promote CRC screening uptake in this group, which already has a heightened risk as a consequence of weight.


The aim of this work was to make improved estimates of land-use change in the UK, using multiple sources of data. We applied a method for estimating land-use change using a Bayesian data assimilation approach. This allows us to constrain estimates of gross land-use change with national-scale census data, whilst retaining the detailed information available from several other sources. We produced a time series of maps describing our best estimate of land-use change given the available data, as well as the full posterior distribution of this space-time data cube. This quantifies the joint probability distribution of the parameters, and properly propagates the uncertainty from input data to final output. The output data has been summarised in the form of land-use vectors. The results show that we can provide improved estimates of past land-use change using this method. The main advantage of the approach is that it provides a coherent, generalised framework for combining multiple disparate sources of data, and adding further sources of data in future is straightforward.


The incorporation of the user on evaluation has been valorized for constituting a sensitive indicator of the quality of the service done. The present study deals with na Integrative Review aiming to analyse the satisfaction of the users helped by the strategy of family health. In order to answer guiding questions "How to characterise the scientific production on the satisfaction of the users helped by the ESF?" The sample compounds the data bases SciELO and LILACS, whose criteria of inclusion were researches published on the period between 2002 and 2014. The most approached issues were related to the attributes of satisfication of the users and the quality of health assistance on the public attention. The conclusion was that the routine evaluation of satisfaction from the perspective of the user became a useful tool to relaise interventions, redirection of services of health and on the public policies, providing a quality of service centered on the user.


This paper investigates the types of information that are necessary and sufficient to design and evaluate image processing software programs, and proposes a representation of these information elements using a computational language performable by vision systems and understandable by experts. The language is built upon a formulation model which distinguishes the specification of a goal and the definition of an input image class. Goals are stated in terms of tasks together with result samples. Image classes are defined by both linguistic and iconic descriptions. The model is implemented as an OWL domain ontology which provides the primitives for the formulation language.


Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) are major insect pests of Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench, the main staple food crop in India. Life cycle of C. partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was studied under laboratory conditions by using artificial diet. The research revealed that the C. partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was completed its life cycle in 30-40 days. Larval growth and development was significantly faster on an artificial diet. Feeding by fourth-instar C. partellus larvae was significantly higher than third- instar larvae. Feeding on an artificial diet the C. partellus pupal period was 7-10 days. Eggs hatch in five to six days, egg hatch from 45-78% in the first generation.


When we vocalize, our brain distinguishes self-generated sounds from external ones. A corollary discharge signal supports this function in animals, however, in humans its exact origin and temporal dynamics remain unknown. We report Electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings in neurosurgical patients and a novel connectivity approach revealing major neural communications. We find a reproducible source for corollary discharge across multiple speech production paradigms localized to ventral speech motor cortex before speech articulation. The uncovered discharge predicts the degree of auditory cortex suppression during speech, its well-documented consequence. These results reveal the human corollary discharge source and timing with far-reaching implication for speech motor-control as well as auditory hallucinations in human psychosis. One-sentence summary We reveal the source and timing of a corollary discharge from speech motor cortex onto auditory cortex in human speech.


Abstract An open question in nuclear deterrence theory is whether and how the balance of military power affects the dynamics of escalation. The balance of military strength plays virtually no role in standard accounts of brinkmanship. But this is largely by assumption and seems incompatible with an apparent trade-off between power and risk that decision makers have faced in some actual crises. This paper incorporates this trade-off in a modified model of nuclear brinkmanship. A main result is that the more likely the balance of resolve is to favor a defender, the less military power a challenger brings to bear. The model also formalizes the stability-instability paradox, showing that a less stable strategic balance, that is, a sharper trade-off between power and risk, makes conflict at high levels of violence less likely but conflict at lower levels more likely. The analysis also helps explain the incentives different states have to adopt different nuclear doctrines and force postures.


Bacillus spp. produces lipopeptides that are of pharmaceutical and agricultural interest and include iturins, surfactins and fengycins. Their antimicrobial mechanism has been well studied but the role of the lipid chain and its biosynthesis is relatively unknown, especially in fengycin. In this project, we aim to fully understand the mechanisms of fengycin's antimicrobial activity and generate new fengycins with fluorine in the lipid chain. We have already produced fluorinated lipopeptides via precursor-directed biosynthesis using fluorinated amino acids. The Bacillus genome was sequenced by MicrobesNG and a total of 34 gene clusters were identified, of which 19 were fully characterised using anti SMASH. Genes within the fengycin cluster were cleaved during the sequencing process and iturin biosynthetic genes were also present. Four fatty acyl-CoA ligases within the genome were identified using Artemis in an aim to heterologously express them, and carry out activity assays with fluorinated lipid tails. Lipopeptide production was optimised by altering culture conditions (pH, aeration and temperature) and it was found that 37 °C is the optimum temperature for biosynthesis.


The objective of the current research is investigating the effects of service quality dimensions and self-service technologies on customer satisfaction of the private banking industry of Iran (Ghavamin Bank).Applied method has been used for this research in which the questionnaire method has been utilized in order to gather the required data for describing the research variables and interpreting the relations between them. The Analysis unit in this research is the banking services customers for which 510 people have answered the questionnaires. In order to describe the data, the frequency distribution tables have been used and the structural equations model has been used to describe the data. In so doing, SPSS 18.0 & LISREL 8.54 softwares have been utilized the explanatory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis, fitting testingin, and model power analysis methods.The results gained due to this research indicate that three factors assurance and responsiveness and tangible physical factors have got direct relations with the customers' satisfaction. Statistically, two factors i.e. reliability and empathy have no meaningful impact on the customers' satisfaction and cannot function as appropriate indexes for predicting the customers satisfaction from the services provided by the bank. Ultimately, the more satisfactory the self-service technologies factors in the bank branches, the more the extensiveness of physical and tangible factors on the customers' satisfaction shall be. Accordingly, the self-service technologies shall positively adjust the physical & tangible effects of the customers' satisfaction.


Goal: Accurate shock decision methods during piston-driven cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) would contribute to improve therapy and increase cardiac arrest survival rates. The best current methods are computationally demanding, and their accuracy could be improved. The objective of this work was to introduce a computationally efficient algorithm for shock decision during piston-driven CPR with increased accuracy. Methods: The study dataset contains 201 shockable and 844 nonshockable ECG segments from 230 cardiac arrest patients treated with the LUCAS-2 mechanical CPR device. Compression artifacts were removed using the state-of-the-art adaptive filters, and shock/no-shock discrimination features were extracted from the stationary wavelet transform analysis of the filtered ECG, and fed to a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Quasi-stratified patient wise nested cross-validation was used for feature selection and SVM hyperparameter optimization. The procedure was repeated 50 times to statistically characterize the results. Results: Best results were obtained for a six-feature classifier with mean (standard deviation) sensitivity, specificity, and total accuracy of 97.5 (0.4), 98.2 (0.4), and 98.1 (0.3), respectively. The algorithm presented a five-fold reduction in computational demands when compared to the best available methods, while improving their balanced accuracy by 3 points. Conclusions: The accuracy of the best available methods was improved while drastically reducing the computational demands. Significance: An efficient and accurate method for shock decisions during mechanical CPR is now available to improve therapy and contribute to increase cardiac arrest survival.


This paper describes a new method of solving the dynamic dispatch problem. Boiler-turbine generators are characterised by variable operating costs and ramp rate constraints and costs. All system costs are piecewise linear. The method employs concepts from dynamic programming and linear programming. Dispatch decisions that minimise system variable cost and marginal costs are determined. Generator outputs are not discretised. Efficiency gains over dynamic programming are achieved by exploiting the underlying convex geometry of the problem and avoiding discretisation of the state space.


of a dissertation at the University of Miami. Dissertation supervised by Professor Mei-Ling Shyu. No. of pages in text. (153) The development in information science has enabled an explosive growth of data, which attracts more and more researchers to engage in the field of big data analytics. Noticeably, in many real-world applications, large amounts of data are imbalanced data since the events of interests occur infrequently. Classification of imbalanced data is an important research problem as lots of real-world datasets have skewed class distributions in which the majority of instances (examples) belong to one class and far fewer instances belong to the others. A classifier induced from an imbalanced dataset is more likely to be biased towards the majority classes and shows very poor classification accuracy on the minority classes. While in many applications, the minority instances actually represent the concept of interest (e.g., fraud in banking operations, abnormal cell in medical data, etc.), and the detection of these rare events has become more important. Despite extensive research efforts, rare event mining remains one of the most challenging problems in information retrieval, especially for multimedia big data. To tackle this challenge, in this dissertation, we propose an extended deep learning approach to achieve promising performance in classifying largely skewed multimedia dataset. Specifically, we investigate the integration of bootstrapping methods and a state-of-the-art deep learning approach, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), with extensive empirical studies. Considering the fact that deep learning approaches such as CNNs are usually computationally expensive, we propose to feed low-level features to CNNs and prove its feasibility in achieving promising performance while saving a lot of training time. Furthermore, since big training datasets are required to train CNNs, we propose to extract features from pre-trained CNN models and feed those features to another full connected neural network. Implementations in big data environments show promising performance of our model in handling big datasets with respect to feasibility and scalability. In order to further improve the classification results and bridge the semantic gap between high-level concepts and low-level visual features, correlation discovery in semantic concept mining is worth exploring. Though inter-concept correlations have been utilized to address this issue recently, the very small number of instances in the minority classes often lead to the detection of imprecise correlations and unsatisfactory classification results. Meanwhile, correlation discovery is a computationally intensive task in the sense that it requires a deep analysis of very large and growing repositories. This dissertation further proposes a novel concept correlation analysis strategy framework that utilizes the correlations between the retrieval scores and labels. By integrating the correlation information, the proposed framework can help imbalanced data classification and enhance rare class (event or concept) mining even with trivial scores from the minority classes. Not only deep learning but also numerous other classification algorithms have been developed for a variety of data types. However, it is nearly impossible for one classifier to perform the best in all kinds of datasets all the time. Therefore, ensemble learning models which aim to take advantages of different classifiers have received a lot of attentions recently. In this dissertation, a scalable classifier ensemble framework assisted by a set of "judgers" is also proposed to integrate the outputs from multiple classifiers for multimedia big data classification. Specifically, based on the confusion matrices of different classifiers, a set of judgers are organized into a hierarchically structured decision model. A testing instance is first input to different classifiers, and then the classification results are passed to the proposed hierarchical structured decision model to derive the final result. The ensemble system can be run on Spark, which is designed for big data processing. All the proposed components are evaluated on multimedia datasets containing different kinds of data. The experimental results show the effectiveness of our framework in classifying severely imbalanced data with promising performance, and demonstrate that the proposed classifier ensemble framework outperforms several state-of-the-art model fusion approaches. Furthermore, the proposed framework is applied to two realworld applications, i.e., deep learning based text data analysis on an Amazon review dataset and efficient large-scale stance Analysis in Twitter, and achieves promising results in both. In additional, we also design a web-based information retrieval system and identify several future directions that could be explored to further improve the current work. To my dear parents and grandparents


BACKGROUND
The development of allergic pathology takes place as result of an alteration of the immunity and alteration of the corporal mechanism of protection, giving rise to an erroneous answer or exaggerated forehead to innocuous antigens, that it generates clinical symptoms with cutaneous, digestive or respiratory manifestations. The frequency and distribution of this process have undergone an increase from the 1970, which causes that a greater interest in the knowledge of the mechanisms exists that produce this clinic. The answer by immunoglobulin E is regulated by the answer of lymphocytes T-helper-1 represented by interleukin 2 and gamma-interferon that inhibits their production, and the answer of lymphocytes T-helper-2 formed by interleukin 4, interleukin 10 and interleukin 13 that stimulate the production of immunoglobulin E.

METHODS AND RESULTS
A study of cases and controls with a sample of 70 appears new born considering antecedent relatives of first degree of allergic disease (47 no, 23 yes). Values in umbilical cord blood were moderate of interleukins 4, 10, 13 and gamma-interferon (kit CLB, and method ELISA). Values for interleukin 4 and interleukin 13 have not been obtained. One has been greater values of interleukin 10 in children of mother or brother affection (mother affects IL 10 = 48.7 pg/ml, in front of mother does not affect IL 10 = 31.62 pg/ml, p = 0.081, no signification), (brother affection IL 10 = 72.8 pg/ml, in front of brother no affection IL 10 = 32.31 pg/ml, p = 0.0062, is significant). Difference for gamma-interferon was not obtained.

CONCLUSIONS
As it has already been shown in other studies, interleukin 10 increases in cord blood in children whose mother is the one who presents the disease. It emphasizes the increase of interleukin 10 in blood of umbilical cord of children with brother affection of allergic disease. Still it is left much to do and by means of later pursuit it is hoped to obtain interest results.


CERN uses Platforms Load Sharing Facility (LSF)[1] since 1998 to manage the large batch system installations. Since that time, the farm has increased significantly, and commodity based hardware running GNU/Linux has replaced other Unix flavors on specialized hardware. In this paper we will present how the system is set up nowadays. We will briefly report on issues seen in the past, and actions which have been taken to resolve them. In this context the status of the evaluation of the most recent version of this product, LSF 7.0, is presented, and the planned migration scenario is described.


Two kestrels, a male and a female, were trained to fly over 50 and 125 m in a windless corridor. Both distances were flown with or without dead weights attached to the feet during 13 flight sessions for each bird. Added weight was either 0.3 N (31 g lead) or 0.6 N (61 g). Each session was devoted to one distance and one flight weight category. Flight duration was automatically recorded at the landing points and at four positions along the track. Gliding bouts were hand-clocked and flight altitudes were estimated with the aid of sidewall markings. An analysis was made of 1226 flights by the female over a total of 100 km, and 1017 flights by the male over 84.6 km. Different flight strategies were observed under the different experimental situations, and were compared with model predictions for optimal speeds. In the unloaded situations the birds flew at velocities close to the maximum range speed. Under load, speeds were lower and close to the predicted speeds for minimum power when 0.6 N was added to the weight.


Background: Accelerated orthodontics aimed at reducing orthodontic treatment duration. The main setback that occurs in the treatment of patients who require first premolar extraction is the distalization of the canines, which requires longer treatment duration. There are many surgical techniques evolved to accelerate tooth movement. So this study will help us to evaluate and compare canine retraction rate between two surgical techniques i.e corticotomy facilitated orthodontics and piezocision technique. Objective: The main objective of this study is to compare rate of canine retraction in corticotomy facilitated orthodontics and piezocision technique. Methods: The sample consisted of 22 patients (15-25 years old) with Class II Division 1 malocclusions. The suggested treatment plan for the given sample was extraction of the maxillary first premolars with subsequent canine retraction. Split mouth study design was selected for study. After initial leveling and alignment, first premolar will be extracted then one side was assigned for corticotomy and contralateral side for piezocision in the area of first premolar and canine retraction was initiated bilaterally with 0.019×0.025 SS wire in slot. Study models will be obtained presurgery T0 and postsurgery at T1, T2 and T3 time interval. The following variables were examined over a 3-month follow-up period: rate of canine retraction, molar anchorage loss, canine rotation with the help of study model. Results: This study will found that rate of canine retraction will be more in corticotomy facilitated orthodontics when compared with piezocision. Conclusion: This study will conclude that corticotomy will be more efficient technique for canine retraction when compared to piezocision. Keyword : Canine Retraction, Corticotomy, Piezocision, Accelerated orthodontic European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine ISSN 2515-8260 Volume 7, Issue 2, 202


Analog meters equipped with one or multiple pointers are wildly utilized to monitor vital devices' status in industrial sites for safety concerns. Reading these legacy meters autonomously remains an open problem since estimating pointer origin and direction under imaging damping factors imposed in the wild could be challenging. Nevertheless, high accuracy, flexibility, and real-time performance are demanded. In this work, we propose the vector detection network (VDN) to detect analog meters' pointers given their images, eliminating the barriers for autonomously reading such meters using intelligent agents like robots. We tackled the pointer as a 2-D vector, whose initial point coincides with the tip, and the direction is along tail-to-tip. The network estimates a confidence map, wherein the peak pixels are treated as vectors' initial points, along with a two-layer scalar map, whose pixel values at each peak form the scalar components in the directions of the coordinate axes. We established the Pointer-10 K dataset composing of real-world analog meter images to evaluate our approach due to no similar dataset is available for now. Experiments on the dataset demonstrated that our methods generalize well to various meters, robust to harsh imaging factors, and run in real-time.


Dens invaginatus (DI) is a dental anomaly exhibiting complex anatomical forms. Because of this anatomical complexity, immature DI teeth with necrotic pulp are difficult to treat via apexification. We used revascularization as an alternative treatment for a patient with DI. An 11-year-old boy visited our clinic with chief complaints of gingival swelling and pain in the left maxillary canine. Clinical and radiographic findings were consistent with a diagnosis of type III DI. Revascularization therapy was performed, and a 24-month follow-up examination confirmed healing of the periapical radiolucency and physiological root formation. (J Oral Sci 58, 295-298, 2016).


This paper presents a generalized controller design to regulate the output voltage of second-order DC-DC converters feeding an unknown constant power load (CPL). Passivity-based control plus damping injection theory is employed to design a generalized action control to stabilize DC-DC converters. Furthermore, starting from the immersion and invariance (I&I) method, a generalized observer for second-order DC-DC converters is implemented to estimate the CPL value. By mixing the proposed controller with the I&I method, an adaptive generalized control approach is presented, which guarantees the locally asymptotic stability of the closed-loop for each converter. The main advantage of the nonlinear adaptive control design is its nonparametric dependence on the capacitance and inductance values, which makes it robust against parametric uncertainties. Phase portrait and sensitivity analyses are performed, and simulation and experimental results are examined to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, which is also compared against feedback linearization and sliding mode control. Simulation and experimental results show the robustness and effectiveness of the adaptive proposed control approach.