Globally, women continue to be vulnerable to all kinds of structural and social marginalization, oppression and violence perpetuated by both men and women alike (Molyneux, 1985; Rehn and Johnson Sirleaf, 2001). Although the marginalization and abuse of women as a broad group cut across all spheres of society including the economic, social, and political1, the plight of girls and young women is often neglected in research and policy. Therefore, in spite of advances made since Beijing 19951, there has been a tendency to treat women as a homogenous group and thus ignoring the nuances within. In this way, the specific voices and needs of sub-groups such as adolescent girls and young women under 35 years have not been heard or aggregated well enough. This paper seeks to fill this knowledge gap in the case of KwaZulu-Natal with a view to also making a policy contribution aimed at curbing the economic neglect of female teenagers and youths (09 - 35 years)1 who constitute the majority within the entire youth population across South Africa.Indeed, studies show that since the UN Beijing Conference of 1995, there has been a positive turn in the tide of women's formal status globally. Some of the achievements include an increase in the number of women in political decision-making positions (Sawer, 2013; Stockemer, 2015), increase in women's participation in the economy and private sector (OECD, 2012; IMF, 2013; ILO, 2013), increase in the number of girls and young women attending school and getting educated (UN Statistics, 2010), increase in international, regional and national laws and protocols which protect women's rights, dignity and wellbeing (UNHR, 2014). Africa has also made progress in implementing resolutions of the United Nations that seek to mainstream a minimum of 30% of women into all decision making structures of society at all levels. For example, Rwanda tops the world in terms of women's political representation in national parliament at 56% while Seychelles, Senegal and South Africa all have above 40% of women in national parliament. Seven other African countries have surpassed the 30% critical mass requirement: Algeria, Angola, Burundi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Uganda and Zimbabwe. Also, a number of these countries and others have constitutional provisions for gender equality and explicit ones for the protection of women. The good practice cases include South Africa, Malawi, Zambia and Namibia, each of which now has explicit provisions for up to 50% women in political positions at local levels of governance.However, huge challenges persist at different levels. Economically, some of these include the feminization of poverty as meaningful economic participation remains weak for women; feminization of disease as women remain the face of terminal diseases such as HIV and AIDS1; increasing male violence against women and the persistence of harmful traditional practices which inhibit women's potentials and agency (Rehn and Johnson Sirleaf, 2002). Other challenges documented by Morna and Nyakujarah (2010:11 - 12) show that generally women still struggle to access credit; dominate the informal sector and there are huge gaps in per capita income of women compared to men. These are very worrying concerns for a region that leads the rest of Africa in terms of mainstreaming women into the public space.A more worrying concern for research and policy is to continue viewing and responding to women as a homogenous group. This is because within the broad gender based challenges women all over the world face, girls aged 9 - 17 and young women of 18 - 34 age bracket1 are often more vulnerable, and face particular challenges that are associated with their age cohorts. There are 1.8 billion young people in the world (approximately a third of the world population) and just over half of this number is adolescent girls and young women (World Population Council, 2011). In spite of their population stake and potentials for the future1, the voices and concerns of girls and young women are often unheard, and do not make their way into the economic policy agenda. …


We introduce an automatic system that achieves state-of-the-art results on the Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC), a common sense reasoning task that requires diverse, complex forms of inference and knowledge. Our method uses a knowledge hunting module to gather text from the web, which serves as evidence for candidate problem resolutions. Given an input problem, our system generates relevant queries to send to a search engine, then extracts and classifies knowledge from the returned results and weighs them to make a resolution. Our approach improves F1 performance on the full WSC by 0.21 over the previous best and represents the first system to exceed 0.5 F1. We further demonstrate that the approach is competitive on the Choice of Plausible Alternatives (COPA) task, which suggests that it is generally applicable.


Given that one of the central elements in marketing spending is advertising, this study aims at analysing how the advertising planning process is influenced by the types of responses expected from the audience, the measurement methods used to assess advertising effectiveness and the expected results. This study was empirical and exploratory based on the application of a cross-sectional survey to 150 marketing managers of medium and large-sized companies in Colombia. The results show if organisations measure the level of compliance with the goals established in terms of IMC, they will make better decisions and allocate marketing budgets consistent with their objectives, resources and capabilities. As the results of the present study indicate, organisations can experience weaknesses in implementing measurement methods that guarantee the proper calculation of organisational results concerning advertising investment. Ke ywo r d s Integrated Marketing Communications; advertising campaign planning; market results; hierarchy of effects; advertising effectiveness Métodos de medición y planeación publicitaria: usos de las comunicaciones integradas de marketing (CIM)


This paper deals with switching detection and recognition of current operating mode in hybrid systems, where the nonlinear modes are represented by a Takagi Sugeno model. A data-based projection method is used to generate a set of signals, named residuals. This method uses only the input/output known signals and the kind of model (linear, bilinear, …); the precise value of the model parameters is not needed. The residuals may be used as an operating mode indicator under discernability conditions. These conditions are tested on-line. An academic example is provided to illustrate the efficiency of this method.


Poker is now one of the most popular types of online gambling, mostly because of its particular structural characteristics. This study aims to investigate the representations of regular poker players of the game's special features, along with their probable links with tilt (i.e. loss of control during the game) and problem gambling. Twenty-three regular poker players recruited online took part in a research interview. All interviews were recorded and fully transcribed. A quantitative lexical analysis was performed using the software Alceste®. Six classes were identified, encompassing 73% of the whole corpus. The main themes were chance vs. skill, sensations and emotions linked to poker, discovery of poker, tilt, differences between live and online gambling, and risks of excessive poker involvement. The experience of tilt appears to be an important feature of poker. Poker players also tended to report more emotional and social aspects of problem gambling than financial consequences. The results underline the structural specificities of poker through the player's representations. The role of emotions and sensations in poker, as they are both sought by the players and involved in the loss of control, may have an influence on the development and maintenance of problem gambling.


Objective: to know the food intake of eutrophic and overweight adolescents. Methods: casecontrol study that analyzed the food intake and habits of adolescents with normal weight and overweight, matched for age and sex, using a food frequency questionnaire and food diaries for 3 days, compared with the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population and analyzed by the software Virtual Nutri. Results: Mean body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat were 29.5 and 49.4 for the overweight  group and 21.0% and 29.1% for the normal group, respectively (p < 0.01). Among normal individuals the average daily intake of calories was 1915.5 while overweight adolescents consumed 1761.8 calories. Most adolescents ate the three main meals: breakfast (86%), lunch (98,9%) and dinner (96.8%). For eutrophic teenagers the average percentage of energy consumed was 56.7% for carbohydrates, 154% for proteins and 27.9% for lipids, while the overweight group consumed 52.7%, 17.1% and 30.2%, respectively. Conclusions: the study showed that both groups of adolescents consume the same types and similar amounts of foods, except when considering the group of cereals, roots and tubers whose consumption was higher among eutrophic adolescents (p < 0.01) .


Influencer marketing is a new type of marketing, in which companies pay individuals with extensive social network for endorsing their products. So far, there is a lack of studies that take into account the joint effects of multiple factors of influencer marketing on consumer behavior, and none of the related studies considers an experimental setting. In this research-in-progress paper, we aim to close this gap. More specifically, we focus on investigating the impact of influencer type and advertisement disclosure on perceived credibility and trustworthiness of the influencer, and consumers' purchase intention. We develop hypotheses on their individual and collective impact on the task performance, based on previous research, dual-process theory, and affect heuristic. We plan to carry out a laboratory experiment to test our hypotheses.


Gamma irradiation is routinely used for suppression of lymphocyte function in transfusion and transplantation procedures. In recent years, some investigators focused on the effects of ionizing radiation on special aspects of lymphocyte function and considered the possibility of its clinical application for treatment of some immunological disorders. In this study, we evaluated the effects of five different doses of γ-ray on proliferation and IL-5 production of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Lymphocytes were separated from blood and were treated with 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 Gy irradiation (using a 137 Cs source) and then were cultured for 72 h in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The proliferative response of samples was evaluated by MTT assay, and the supernatant of the cells was collected for IL-5 detection. The results showed that the ionizing radiation had a suppressive effect on lymphocyte proliferation. IL-5 production was affected in a dose-response manner, augmented in response to 5 and 10 Gy and reached to its peak value at 20 Gy. At 30 Gy, IL-5 production was diminished lower than peak value, but still remained higher than control baseline, and 40 Gy led to IL-5 values lower than baseline. Iran. Biomed. J. 8 (4): 211-214, 2004


This study is carried out to determine the level of three common heavy metals i.e. mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) from different branded frozen shrimp samples from different processing plants in Chittagong Metropolitan Area, Bangladesh. The level of heavy metals is investigated by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) in twenty different frozen shrimp samples from four different processing plants. The range of mean level of concentration (mg/kg) of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are 0.011-0.042 mg/kg, 0.065-0.087 mg/kg and 0.024-0.081 mg/kg respectively. Lead (Pb) has the highest mean concentration of 0.087 mg/kg while mercury has the lowest mean of 0.011 mg/kg. The mean concentration of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in shrimps was observed within the range of BSTI (Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution) standards for aquatic foods. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2016, 2(4): 513-517


An extension of the Truscott-Brindley model [Bull. Math. Biol. 56, 981 (1994)] is derived to account for the effect of demographic fluctuations. In the presence of seasonal forcing and sufficiently shallow water conditions, the fluctuations induced by the discreteness of the zooplankton component appear sufficient to cause switching between the bloom and no-bloom cycles predicted at the mean-field level by the model. The destabilization persists in the thermodynamic limit of a water basin infinitely extended in the horizontal direction.


The objective of this study is to identify and analyze the most relevant scientific work being undertaken in HR analytics. Additionally, it is to understand the evolution of the conceptual, intellectual, and social structure of this topic in a way that allows the expansion of empirical and conceptual knowledge. Bibliometric analysis was performed using Bibliometrix and Biblioshiny software packages on academic articles indexed on the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases. Search criteria were applied, initially resulting in a total of 331 articles in the period 2008–2022. Finally, after applying exclusion criteria, a total of 218 articles of interest were obtained. The results of this research present the relevant notable topics in HR analytics, providing a quantitative analysis that gives an overview of HR analytics featuring tables, graphs, and maps, as well as identifying the main performance indicators for the production of articles and their citations. The scientific literature on HR analytics is a novel, adaptive area that provides the option to transform traditional HR practices. Through the use of technology, HR analytics can improve HR strategies and organisational performance, as well as people's experiences.


We consider how externally coupled (e.g., dc-field-coupled) autoionizing states can be useful in producing gain without population inversion. The dc fields produce new absorption minima that enable one to obtain laser action in different frequency regions depending on the strength of the coupling. We calculate absorption and emission profiles assuming that one of the autoionizing states is incoherently pumped as in most conventional laser models. We present numerical results that demonstrate gain regions without population inversion.


INTRODUCTION The present study was to assess the relationship between the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire scores and the 5-HT activity in abstinent drug addicts. METHODOLOGY 16 men who satisfied the DSM-III-R/DSM-IV criteria for substance abuse disorder accomplished the Cloninger's Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire; their serotonergic activity was measured using the Fenfluramine Challenge Test. RESULTS The Novelty Seeking is the only dimension showing a statistical difference versus a standard healthy sample, while harm avoidance and not the other dimensions was significantly correlated with the prolactin post-fenfluramine peak (r= 0.80, p<0.001). CONCLUSION This work confirm that drug addicts are high Novelty Seekers and support the hypothesis that Harm Avoidance dimension correlate with serotonergic activity.


Various solutions are utilized widely for the isolation, harvesting, sorting, testing and transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs), whereas the effects of harvesting media on the biological characteristics and repair potential of NSCs remain unclear. To examine some of these effects, NSCs were isolated from cortex of E14.5 mice and exposed to the conventional harvesting media [0.9% saline (Saline), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF)] or the proliferation culture medium (PCM) for different durations at 4°C. Treated NSCs were grafted by in situ injection into the lesion sites of traumatic brain injury (TBI) mice. In vitro, harvesting media-exposed NSCs displayed time-dependent reduction of viability and proliferation. S phase entry decreased in harvesting media-exposed cells, which was associated with upregulation of p53 protein and downregulation of cyclin E1 protein. Moreover, harvesting media exposure induced the necrosis and apoptosis of NSCs. The levels of Fas-L, cleaved caspase 3 and 8 were increased, which suggests that the death receptor signaling pathway is involved in the apoptosis of NSCs. In addition, exposure to Saline did not facilitate the neuronal differentiation of NSCs, suggesting that Saline exposure may be disadvantageous for neurogenesis. In vivo, NSC-mediated functional recovery in harvesting media-exposed NSC groups was notably attenuated in comparison with the PCM-exposed NSC group. In conclusion, harvesting media exposure modulates the biological characteristics and repair potential of NSCs after TBI. Our results suggest that insight of the effects of harvesting media exposure on NSCs is critical for developing strategies to assure the successful long-term engraftment of NSCs.


Tire-pavement interaction is a critical analysis for conducting friction measurements and safety evaluation on highway pavements. Substantial field studies and research efforts indicate pavement friction can be predicted with tire/texture-related models (e.g. empirical or analytical models); however, developing a reliable friction prediction model for network level pavement survey still remains a challenge. In this paper Heinrich/Kluppel friction prediction model is utilized to estimate friction on Asphalt Concrete (AC) pavements. High resolution texture data are acquired from Ames high-speed profiling system, and subsequently pavement friction data are collected on the same sections with Dynatest 6875 Highway friction tester. Findings from the study indicate a good agreement between the predicted and measured Friction Numbers (FNs). It is concluded that Heinrich/Kluppel friction theory can be used as a promising surrogate for pavement safety evaluation. This study would be beneficial for complementing the existing safety evaluation methods used in highway safety program.


State of the art and reasons for undertaking modernization activities of bucket wheel drive mechanisms of BWEs opera - ting of domestic lignite open cast mines have been discussed in the paper. The distribution of loads and mass moments of inertia acting on the BWE mining system has been given. The applied overload protections in bucket wheel drive mechanisms in the form of various types of clutches have been presented. The gears and motors of bucket wheel drives have been described. Examples of modernized bucket wheel drive mechanisms have been given. List of requirements for bucket wheel drive mechanisms which should be met by BWEs operating in hard mine - able soils has been presented.


Direct numerical simulation of pore-scale turbulence is performed in a unit cell of a face-centered cubic lattice at three different pore Reynolds numbers (300, 500, and 1000). The pore-geometry gives rise to very low porosity resulting in rapid acceleration and deceleration of the flow in different regions. Eulerian statistics of mean velocity and turbulent kinetic energy are first described to provide a good understanding of the overall flow topology. In addition, the spatial variances and probability density functions for the instantaneous and temporal fluctuation velocities are computed to assess the higher-order statistics. The flow field is then analyzed using angular Lagrangian multiscale statistics of fluid particles to study their directional change at different timescales. Two power laws are observed for the evolution of the mean absolute angle as a function of time lag, demarking the early time and an intermediate, inertial range. The effect of the geometric confinement on the asymptotic behavior of the angular statistics is examined in detail. An asymptotic limit different than π/2 (corresponding to equidistribution of the mean angle, observed for three-dimensional isotropic turbulence with periodic boundaries) or 2 3 π (observed for two-dimensional wall-bounded turbulence) is obtained, representing the strong effect of geometric confinement on turbulence. Besides, the probability density functions (PDFs) for the instantaneous curvature angles are computed and the normalized PDFs are fit to a Fisher distribution. Furthermore, a Monte Carlo-based stochastic model is developed to predict the asymptotic curvature angle.


Immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) is characterized by destruction of circulating platelets and the presence of antiplatelet IgG antibodies, which opsonize platelets for splenic clearance resulting in low levels of circulating platelets, and the disease severity can be predicted neither by antibody isotype nor by titer, indicating that other factors also play a role. Although the main cause of ITP remains unclear, but its relationship with some infection was demonstrated, including viral or bacterial infections. C-reactive protein (CRP), a member of the pentraxin family, is a major acute-phase protein in humans and is a clinical marker of infection. We aimed to investigate the correlation between the levels of CRP and the presence of antiplatelet IgG antibodies in adults with newly diagnosed ITP. CRP levels and platelet counts were measured in the blood samples from a 60 ITP patient (with confirmed anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibodies), 60 infection patients (all without anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibodies) and 60 normal individuals. The bleeding score, recover time of intravenous immune globulin (IVIg) therapy and the number of megakaryocytes in bone marrow were recorded in ITP patients. The platelet count, bleeding score, recover time of intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) therapy and the number of megakaryocytes in bone marrow and CRP concentrations were compared in ITP group using Spearman's correlation coefficient. We examined the influence of intraperioneal CRP administration on antibody-mediated platelet destruction in mice. There were no statistical differences in gender, age and body mass index among the three groups (P>0.05). Though CRP levels are significantly elevated in ITP patients and infection patients (P<0.05), the platelet count was markedly lower only in ITP patients. We found that CRP was inert toward platelets without antiplatelet antibodies in this study. There are a significant correlation between CRP levels and platelet counts, bleeding severity and the number of megakaryocytes in bone marrow aspiration (r=-0.5079, r=0.5498, r=0.4172, P<0.001, respectively). Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between the recovery time of platelet count and CRP levels (r=-0.5569, P<0.001). In mice, platelet count was lower in Anti-CD41 (0.75 μg)+, CRP (200 μg) group as compared with Anti-CD41 (0.75 μg)+, CRP(-) group and Anti-CD41 (0.75 μg)-, CRP (200 μg) group (P<0.05). In summary, this study indicated that CRP levels are significantly elevated in ITP patients all with confirmed anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibodies, which is able to predict the clinical bleeding severity of ITP patients. The slower CRP levels reduction after IVIg treatment predicted slower platelet count recovery in ITP.


Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease, caused by infection with spiral-shaped bacteria of the genus Leptospira. Leptospirosis attacks the animal and human pathogens. Efforts to scale baseline mapping problem of leptospirosis in the city of Semarang is necessary because since 2005, continues to increase. Identify risk factors that influenced the incidence of leptospirosis is the purpose of this study. Method: The method used in this study is case control. Categories leptospirosis cases were patients who recorded at the hospital in Semarang, 2009, while the control is a person who does not suffer from leptospirosis, proven by the results of teck dry lepto negative dot and for 2 times the incubation period (60 days) showed no clinical symptoms of leptospirosis since the respondents states participated in the study Result:The results showed the respondents included in the exclusion criteria for both case and control sample of 255 respondents found out. Interaction of risk factors in multivariate showed that only 4 variables that showed statistically significance. a). The probability is not always wear PPE will boost the 266.3 times the incidence of leptospirosis. b). Communities with low education would increase the probability of leptospirosis incidence of 255.2 times, c). Contact with the flesh or body parts of dead animals increase the probability of leptospirosis incidence of 77.8 tim es. d). The probability of incidence of leptospirosis increased 44.3 times if the respondent contact with standing water. The probability of occurrence of leptospirosis can be described by the equation: ) 4 790 , 3 3 354 , 4 2 542 , 5 1 581 , 5 483 , 8 ( 1 1 X X X X e Conclusion: From the results of this study concluded priority cope with leptospirosis in the city of Semarang is the problem; a). Use personal protective equipment (PPE); b). Problems caused by low public education; c). Contact with meat or body parts of dead animals and d). Contact with stagnant water.


The basic problem we address in this paper is the following. Given a set of sparse point correspondences, how does one obtain a dense motion field and a motion-based segmentation of the image sequence? We propose a novel solution to this problem by formulating it as pursuit in segmentation space. This segmentation is defined by level set evolution equations, allowing changes in segmentation topology.


In a real-world collaborative data sharing scenario in cloud computing, there are multiple users who can access the resource shared by multiple data owners anytime and anywhere. The evolution of user status, roles, and privilege in the federated data sharing environment become even more and more complex to handle. Efficiently managing multiple access control policies and providing appropriate access control to different groups of user are crucially needed in such collabora- tive and federated environment. This paper presents the design and implementation of our proposed access control model called Collaborative-Ciphertext Policy-Attribute Role based Encryption (C-CP-ARBE). An administrative tool called CLOUD- CAT is designed and developed to facilitate a flexible, secure, and efficient management of multiple user accesses and multiple access control policies in multi-owner cloud computing environment. CLOUD-CAT is designed and developed based on the integration of Ciphertext Policy-Attribute-based Encryption (CP-ABE) and Role-based Access Control Model (RBAC) access control model. To support policy management, the tool provides secure channel for several data owners to update and administer their access control policies resided at the cloud server. Finally, we present implementation details to demonstrate advanced features and performance analysis of the prototype system.


This paper describes the Teach for Arkansas program, a partnership which addresses the problem of recruiting student teachers who reflect the state's diverse cultures and who will be successful teaching diverse students. Partners include: the University of Arkansas; Phillips Community College and the Delta public schools; the SBC Foundation; and the Walton Family Foundation. The program recruits students to a teacher education program administered by the University of Arkansas which is delivered via technology at Phillips Community College. A full-time University of Arkansas faculty member was hired from the Delta to work with the program, teach courses, and supervise student teaching. This faculty member's salary is paid by the Walton Family Foundation, as are minority students' tuitions. As part of their internship during the program's fifth year, students teach in Delta schools, which provides faculty development for inservice teachers. The SBC Foundation has provided a grant for fifth year students to attend the Arkansas Reading Association conference in Little Rock so that distance education students have a chance to leave their campus and meet traditional students from the University of Arkansas campus. (SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.


This work aims at learning how the size of gold nanocarriers influences the transport of DNA-alkylating antitumoral drugs. For this purpose, we devised conjugates of mercaptoethylmitomycin C (MEMC), a DNA alkylating agent, with gold nanoparticles of different sizes (2, 5, and 14 nm), and studied how size affects drug cytotoxicity, tumor penetrability, cellular uptake, and intracellular localization using two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell models. We show that only small, 2 nm, nanoparticles can transport MEMC efficiently to the cell nucleus, whereas MEMC cell uptake is much lower when delivered by these small nanoparticles than with the larger ones. 3D cellular models showed that smaller nanoparticles can transport MEMC toward deeper areas of tumor spheroids as compared to larger nanoparticles. We discuss the insights of this work toward the efficient delivery of DNA-targeting drugs.


Three examples of evaluating Dutch workplace interventions will be presented. This is input for discussing the essential elements in evaluations of interventions at workplaces on outcomes for work-related diseases or injuries. Needle stick injuries (NSIs) are frequently reported as occupational injuries among health care workers. The objective of a cluster randomised trial was to evaluate whether the number of NSIs decreased among health care workers at risk (n=796) after introduction of injection needles with safety devices in combination with an interactive workshop in an academic hospital. This combined intervention led to the highest reduction in the number of self–reported NSIs compared to a workshop alone or no intervention. Low back complaints are frequently reported as work–related diseases among bricklayers. The objective of a within–subject controlled intervention study was to evaluate whether work related risk factors and discomfort of the low back decreased among bricklayers (n=10) after introducing a scaffolding console to adjust the working height of the storage of materials in a construction company. Working with a scaffolding console resulted in a significant reduction of the frequency and duration of trunk flexion 79% and 52% respectively, and as well as discomfort of the lower back compared with bricks set out on the ground floor. Occupational risks affect the health of construction workers. The objective of a non–randomised controlled trial was to evaluate whether a job–specific workers' health surveillance improved the preventive actions of construction workers (n=374) following occupational physicians recommendations. In total 73% of the workers undertook job–specific actions versus 59% in the control group, while occupational physicians provided more job–specific recommendations in the intervention group. Risk assessment, context related interventions and compliance to interventions are essential elements before and alongside the evaluation of real world preventive interventions.


Optimum selection of cutting conditions in high-speed and ultra-precision machining processes often poses a challenging task due to several reasons; such as the need for costly experimental setup and the limitation on the number of experiments that can be performed before tool degradation starts becoming a source of noise in the readings. Moreover, oftentimes there are several objectives to consider, some of which may be conflicting, while others may be somewhat correlated. Pareto-optimality analysis is needed for conflicting objectives; however the existence of several objectives (high-dimension Pareto space) makes the generation and interpretation of Pareto solutions difficult. The approach adopted in this paper is a modified multi-objective efficient global optimization (m-EGO). In m-EGO, sample data points from experiments are used to construct Kriging meta-models, which act as predictors for the performance objectives. Evolutionary multi-objective optimization is then conducted to spread a population of new candidate experiments towards the zones of search space that are predicted by the Kriging models to have favorable performance, as well as zones that are under-explored. New experiments are then used to update the Kriging models, and the process is repeated until termination criteria are met. Handling a large number of objectives is improved via a special selection operator based on principle component analysis (PCA) within the evolutionary optimization. PCA is used to automatically detect correlations among objectives and perform the selection within a reduced space in order to achieve a better distribution of experimental sample points on the Pareto frontier. Case studies show favorable results in ultra-precision diamond turning of Aluminum alloy as well as high-speed drilling of woven composites.Copyright © 2014 by ASME and Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada


The development of vaccines is considered one of the most successful medical interventions to date, preventing millions of deaths every year. However, the majority of vaccines are administered peritoneally, despite the vast majority of pathogens invade the human host at mucosal sites. By vaccinating at distal sites, little to no protection is developed at the mucosa where the initial invasion occurs. There are however, a handful of licenced mucosally administered vaccines against infections such as poliovirus, influenza and Salmonella Typhi that are able to induce both a systemic and mucosal protective immune response. All but one of the current licenced mucosal vaccines are live attenuated due in part to the difficulty of developing new mucosal adjuvants. Recombinant cholera toxin subunit B is the only adjuvant used in the current licenced mucosal vaccines. While inactivated and subunit vaccines are considered safer as they are unable to revert back to virulent pathogens, adjuvants are required to boost their immunogenicity. This thesis therefore explores whether mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells which are found in mucosal tissues, are invariant in nature and have rapid activation, could be exploited as cellular adjuvants in mucosal vaccines.   This thesis was able to show that intranasally administered MAIT cell agonist components, 5-A-RU and methylglyoxal (MG), are able to induce both MAIT cell and conventional dendritic cell (cDC) activation in the lung tissue and mediastinal lymph node (mLN). In this model CD40L and RANKL co-stimulatory interactions are involved in ICOSL expression on cDCs in the lung and associated with cDC activation. The MAIT cells within this model also maintained a RORyT and GATA3 phenotype after both one and three doses of the 5-A-RU + MG vaccine. Furthermore, a prime-boost intranasal vaccine scheme of 5-A-RU + MG and the model antigen OVA, was able to induce MR1-dependent accumulation of TFH cells and antigen-specific germinal center B cells in the mLN along with systemic antigen-specific IgG antibody production. This humoral response was also dependent on the presence of both cDC1 and cDC2 populations. Together, this thesis suggests MAIT cells have the potential to be utilised as cellular adjuvants in mucosal vaccines.


The paper describes a method, which has been designed and implemented, for the verification of rule-base as a matrix and then uses standard matrix transformation to determine the location of er- rors and anomalies contained within the rule-base, such as duplica- tion, subsumption, circular rule sets, inconsistency, missing links, auxiliary rule sets, and redundancy. It has been demonstrated to be ef- fective and simple. It has a system designed for establishing the con- text of the environment. The system has four main routines: the loader routine, matrix manipulation routine, and testing routine, and the out- put routine. The cost of using the system is measured. The method has proved the practicality of automatic computer-based errors detection using matrices. Testing routines have been clarified by examples. The efficiency of the method has been discussed. A comparison has been made between this method and other related methods.


Large-scale hacks into databases containing sensitive personal identification data are continuing to compromise personal data for thousands - and in some cases, millions - of individuals. Have these hacks become the flash point for converging legal and technological attempts to stem the data leaks? At both the state and federal levels, lawmakers in the US as well as Japan are introducing tough new legislation intended to punish database proprietors whose security is substandard. On 30 June 2005, the credit card industry put strict new security guidelines into effect. Meanwhile, security vendors are finding new markets in ensuring that merchants, payment processors, and storage facilities are free from cybertampering.


Optimum power rating of propulsion motor is an important issue for designing efficient drive train for a three wheeled battery operated electric vehicle application on standard drive cycle like Indian Drive Cycle of Indian urban and suburban areas. This paper deals with proper estimation of power rating of electric motor by root means square technique while considering the limitations of overloading and under loading operation of motor used in electric vehicle along with some specified design parameters, aiming towards better performance than that of a conventional IC engine driven vehicle. Dynamics of three wheeled vehicle is simulated on MATLAB/Simulink environment under a sequence of road grade angle variation in Indian Drive cycle (IDC), which is formulated by Automotive Research Association of India, Pune. Using simulated vehicle dynamics, power rating of the motor is estimated so that it can be operated efficiently and safely throughout the entire Indian drive Cycle.


Objectives: To provide a live-experience knowledge base about biophilic design parameters and environmental features to inform policy and design in clinical therapeutic environments. Background: It is increasingly important to review hospital design to make the best use of the affordances of natural elements in supporting both patients' and staff's physical and psychological well-being. The biophilic design theory provides an appropriate design approach. However, current biophilic design frameworks fail to provide efficiently standardized guidance. This systematic review aims to examine the experience of hospital users (patients and staff) with a view to informing a standardized biophilic design framework to improve future design in this context. Methods: This study performed a review and synthesis of nine studies identified using systematic procedures focusing on biophilic design features in healthcare environments. Results: The study identified a selection of biophilic parameters specifically relevant to this building typology, according to three different user groups: outpatients (fresh air, light-daylight, thermal comfort, welcoming and relaxing), inpatients (feeling relaxed and comfortable, prospect refuge, security and protection, light-daylight, view), and staff (privacy-refuge, quietness). Conclusions: The systematically identified studies helped to identify and rank the biophilic design parameters that appear the most critical for promoting and supporting human health and well-being in clinical therapeutic environments from the user's perspective. It also provides an up-to-date compilation of crucial design interventions related to biophilic parameters and as such provides benchmark information for future research and design guidance in these environments.


Calculations, using the CRAY X-MP/48 at the SERC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, are presented for electron impact excitation of Fe+, in which the sixteen fine-structure levels arising from the four lowest states 3d64s 6D, 3d7 4F, 3d64s 4D and 3d7 4P are included. The R-matrix method is used in which terms of the Breit-Pauli Hamiltonian are explicitly included in both the target and the scattering descriptions. Fine-structure collision strengths are thus calculated and comparisons made with the four-state calculations of Nussbaumer and Storey (1980), and with Baluja et al (1986), who used the R-matrix method in LS coupling. The role of the 4p orbital, included in the L2 basis of the Baluja et al calculation, is investigated: it is concluded that their approach is inconsistent unless the corresponding collision channels are also included. It is also inferred that the excitation of the third state, 3d64s 4D, could be strongly affected by coupling to the 3d64p odd parity states, which are not included in any calculation. Excitation rates are therefore presented only for fine-structure transitions between the two lowest states (6D and 4F).


This paper examines the take-up of a new malaria-control device by rural households in Kenya, and tests whether the demand curve for the device varies with the framing of marketing messages and with the gender of the person targeted by the marketing. Previous research suggests that the demand for malaria prevention is highly price-sensitive (Jessica Cohen and Dupas 2008), even though the private returns to preventing malaria are very large (Christian Lengeler 2004). In the standard model of investment in human capital, individuals invest in a health product if the expected benefits from the product outweigh its costs (Michael Grossman 1972). In this framework, the low take-up observed at relatively moderate prices by Cohen and Dupas (2008) could be due to people underestimating the expected benefits of investing in prevention; or due to people being credit-constrained and unable to pay the cost up front. It is also possible that the standard model does not apply, because people have time-inconsistent preferences or because they are uncertain about their own preferences and rely on external cues to resolve their own uncertainty when they need to make a decision. An extensive literature in psychology and marketing suggests that decision-making can be affected by frames or cues that do not add information about a product, but can be effective at persuading individuals to invest in it. For example, in a recent field experiment in South Africa, Marianne Bertrand et al. (2008) found What Matters (and What Does Not) in Households' Decision to Invest in Malaria Prevention?


his paper introduces a special issue exploring persistent poverty in sub-Saharan Africa. As a set, these papers break new ground in exploring the dynamics of structural poverty, integrating qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis and adopting an asset-based approach to the study of changes in well-being, especially in response to a wide range of different (climatic, health, political, and other) shocks. In this introductory essay, we frame these studies, building directly on evolving conceptualisations of poverty in Africa.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the tailored group exercise program on perceived health status, physical strength, depression and cognitive function in seniors. Methods: The subjects were 42 seniors of the experimental group and 28 seniors of the control group. The exercise program tailored by physical fitness was carried out for 16 weeks. The dependent variables were measured by Perceived Health Status Scale, The Senior Fitness Test, MMSE-K, and GDS-K. The collected data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test, Chi-square test and t-test, and ANCOVA using the SAS program. Results: In terms of physical strength and depression there was significant difference among groups. Perceived health status and cognitive function were not significant different among groups. Conclusion: In this study, the tailored exercise program was effective and safe for the elderly, and resulted in improving physical and psychological health status in the elderly. This demonstrated that the tailored group exercises program on the basis of the subject's fitness, played an essential role in maintaining and improving the health.


Group pattern and social segregation of the sexually size dimorphic Przewalski's gazelle Procapra przewalskii were studied for 7 years in the Qinghai Province, China. The main social units were: female groups; male groups; mixed groups. Mixed groups were the largest and most visible, whereas adult male groups were small and of similar size. The group size of the gazelle varied during different seasons (P < 0.002) and the type of social groups (P < 0.001). Mixed-sex groups were larger than female groups or male groups across all the seasons (P < 0.008). Adult males and females were mainly in separate groups except during the rut. Groups of adult females were the most common social unit in Przewalski's gazelle, followed in frequency by adult male groups and mixed groups. From late June to late August, social separation was most pronounced. From late October to mid-September, social segregation was not pronounced. Social segregation showed significant seasonal differences in Przewalski's gazelle (P < 0.004), especially between the rut and other seasons (P < 0.008). The pattern of social segregation of groups and behaviours observed imply that social factors play important roles in social segregation and group formation.


Objective To develop an LC-MS/MS method for determining the concentration of wogonin in dog plasma and investigate the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability by different administrations of wogonin in Beagle's dogs. Methods LC-MS/MS was employed in determining the concentration of wogonin with the selected ion monitoring model after liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate of dog plasma samples. The lower limit of quantification was 0.105 μg/L. Target ions were at m/z 285.0→270.0 for wogonin and 373.3→305.3 for finasteride. In a randomized, self-control, and cross-over study, six male Beagle's dogs were treated with different administration methods in three test periods. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with DAS software (Ver. 2.0). Results The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.105-107.36 μg/L for wogonin in dog plasma samples. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of ig administration (native drug of 15 mg/kg and solution preparation of 5 mg/kg) and iv route were as follows: Cmax (2.5 ± 1.1), (7.9 ± 3.3), and (6838.7 ± 1322.1) μg/L, tmax (0.7 ± 0.3) and (0.3 ± 0.2) h for the both former, AUC0-t (7.1 ± 2.0), (21.0 ± 3.2), and (629.7 ± 111.8) μg·h/L. The absolute bioavailability of native and solution of wogonin were (0.59 ± 0.35)% and (3.65 ± 2.00)%, respectively. Conclusion The validated method is convenient, sensitive, and specific, and the improvement of wogonin solubility could remarkably increase the absolute bioavailability.


Here, we perform a time domain density functional study in conjunction with a non-adiabatic molecular dynamics (NAMD) simulation to investigate the charge carrier dynamics in a series of van der Waals heterostructures made of two-dimensional (2D) SnX2 (X = S or Se)-supported ZrS2, ZrSe2, and ZrSSe monolayers. Results from NAMD simulation reveal delayed electron-hole recombination (in the range of 0.53-2.13 ns) and ultrafast electron/hole transfer processes (electron transfer within 108.3-321.5 fs and hole transfer between 107.6 and 258.8 fs). The most interesting finding of our study is that switching from AB to AA stacking in the heterostructures extends the carrier lifespan by a significant amount. The delayed electron-hole recombination because of the switching stacking pattern can be rationalized by weak electron-phonon coupling, lower non-adiabatic coupling (NAC), and fast decoherence time. Thus, these insightful NAMD studies of excited charge carriers reveal that the stacking pattern variation is an effective tool to develop efficient photovoltaic devices based on 2D van der Waals heterostructures.


Background: Increasingly thalidomide (Thal) plus dexamethasone (Dex) is being used as initial therapy for multiple myeloma (MM), but there is a need to minimize non-hematologic toxicity with this regimen. CC-5013 (lenalidomide; Revlimid™) is a more potent analog of thalidomide with significantly fewer non-hematologic toxicities that has shown promising results in relapsed refractory myeloma. We report the initial results of the first phase II trial using the combination of CC-5013 plus Dex (Rev/Dex) as initial therapy for newly diagnosed MM. Methods: The trial is designed to accrue 31 eligible patients; 13 patients (pts) (11 male and 2 female) were analyzed in this interim report. Patients were enrolled between February 2004 and July 2004. CC-5013 was given orally at a dose of 25 mg daily on days 1–21 of a 28-day cycle. Dex was given orally at a dose of 40 mg daily on days 1–4, 9–12, 17–20 of each cycle. Patients also received an aspirin once daily as thrombosis prophylaxis. Response was defined as a decrease in serum monoclonal (M) protein by 50% or higher and a decrease in urine M protein by at least 90% or to a level less than 200 mg/24 hours. Responses were assessed on an intent to treat basis. Results: The median age was 61 years (range, 32–78). 8 patients (62%) had Stage III myeloma. 11 of the 13 patients achieved an objective response yielding a response rate of 85% within 1–2 months of therapy. So far 6 patients have experienced grade 3 adverse events. These include one episode each of CD4-count 3 , anemia, neutropenia, increased liver enzymes, muscle weakness, agitation, hyperglycemia, cardiac arrhythmia, pneumonitis, and colonic perforation (underlying diverticulitis and dexamethasone suspected). No deep vein thrombosis or grade 4 or higher adverse events have been observed so far. Conclusions: Rev/Dex appears active and well tolerated in the treatment of newly diagnosed MM and is a potential alternative to Thal/Dex. However, these results are preliminary and responses are still being evaluated and need to be confirmed in the final analysis of this trial. A large randomized trial using Rev/Dex as initial therapy for MM is expected to be activated by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group later this year.


Despite all the efforts of Just in Time philosophy, companies are still required to run numerous warehouses to accomplish distribution management objectives, and match supply network to this activity. In this research is being reported state of the warehousing practices in the largest Finnish and Swedish companies relying on longitudinal data gained through five different surveys. Research findings show that together these two countries are still on the cost pressure with respect of transportation. Also companies in these two northern countries are still using mostly semi-trailers on their distribution transportation. However, some evidence is on place that containers are taking higher role. Interestingly, most of the warehouses of these two countries report to be located in the countries of the Baltic Sea Region, finding which is rather striking as we have given so much effort on economical integration of this region in the recent decades. Finnish companies seem to hold much larger interest on Central and Eastern European Countries warehousing. Size of warehouses is likely to increase a little bit, and units located in other continents are much smaller.


Purpose of review In recent years there has been a renewed interest in regional anaesthesia, particularly peripheral nerve blockade, not only to improve the patient's well being, but also to meet the requirements of modern orthopaedic surgery. Nerve injury in this context is the complication most feared by the patient, the anaesthesiologist and the surgeon. Recent findings To date, data dealing with the incidence of nerve injury in regional anaesthesia have almost exclusively been retrieved from close claims analysis. Recently, prospective, well controlled studies have shown that severe neurologic complications rarely occur: for the upper extremity, an incidence of 0.2-1% has been reported. New insights into the mechanisms of local anaesthetic neurotoxicity have demonstrated that ropivacaine has the least potential for neurotoxicity. Administration of the lowest possible concentrated solution of local anaesthetic is likely to be even less neurotoxic. The role of local anaesthetics in the development of apoptosis is nowadays well recognized. The consequences of other factors, such as nerve stretching and compression, in the pathology of nerve damage are emphasized. Summary Significant advances have been made in regional anaesthesia in the past 10 years. The introduction of catheter techniques has cleared the way for better regional anaesthetic and analgesic blocks. Studies dealing with placement of perineural catheters show that the catheter does not increase neurological complications. Properly performed, regional anaesthesia is a safe form of anaesthesia and the benefits far outweigh the risks.


In this letter, p-i-n diodes are used as switches to connect and disconnect four patch sections to a midsection of a planar antenna. The antenna system is connected to the field programmable gate array (FPGA) board controlling the activation of these switches. The antenna with the incorporated diodes is designed, installed, and measured. The methodology for using an FPGA to optimally control and produce the desired antenna frequency operation is presented and analyzed. The analogy between the measured and simulated results is found to be satisfactory. The proposed control methodology can be used with various antenna designs to obtain different possible states in an easy, fast, and low-cost manner.


Abstract Background  Multiple sclerosis (MS) is usually described as an autoimmune disease, although the exact mechanism of the disease remains unknown. There have been studies reporting that venous flow abnormalities may be involved in the pathogenesis of MS or many of the associated clinical manifestations. Objective  The aim of this study was to evaluate flow volumes of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), transverse sinus (TS), and cerebral aqueduct using phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) in relapsing-remitting MS patients and a control group. Methods  We included 34 patients diagnosed by the McDonald criteria, revised in 2017, as well as 15 healthy controls matched by age and sex. The MRI scans were performed using a 1.5-T superconducting scanner. Axial T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and PC-MRI sequences were performed for the quantitative investigation of flow volume measurements. Quantitative analyses of flows were performed using flow analyses program PC-MRI angiography software. A circular region of interest was placed manually into the cerebral aqueduct, bilateral MCA, and TS. Results  Flow volumes of the cerebral aqueduct and MCA were not statistically significant between the MS and control groups. The flow volumes of the TS for the patient group were lower than those of the control group, and this difference was statistically significant. Conclusions  A reduced TS flow volume in MS patients was noted in the present study when compared with the control group, suggesting a relation between venous pathologies and MS. Further studies are needed to understand whether this relation is causal or epiphenomenal.


Introduction : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of treadmill training and computer games on motor skills of educable girls with intellectuall disability. Materials and Methods : This study was a randomized clinical trial. Among the aducable children registered in intellectuall disability society of Alborz Province, Iran, 24 educable girls were selected from Kahrizak Rehabilitation Center, and randomly assigned into 3 groups of computer games, treadmill exercises, and control. At first, basic motor skills were measured, and then training sessions were conducted for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week for experimental groups. The untreated control group did not receive any training during this time, and went through the usual routine of the center program. After the training sessions, motor skills were re-measured. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance method. Results : The motor skill scores in treadmill group were significantly higher than of the computer game (P = 0.012) and untreated control group (P = 0.001). In other words, treadmill training significantly improved motor skill scores (P < 0.05), while computer game had no significant effect over the untreated control group (P = 0.066). Conclusion : The results showed the significant effect of treadmill training on motor skills of educable mentally retarded children. Based on the results, it is suggested that treadmill exercises can be offered in the education and treatment centers for the children with intellectuall disability.


Ultrashort (< 15 fs) high intensity (1014-1016 W cm−2) laser pulses have provided novel methods for investigation of the dynamics of simple molecular ions such as H+2 and D+2. In this paper we report on simulations carried out for the D+2 molecular ion, within the Born- Oppenheimer and two-state approximations. These simulations allow one to investigate the dissociation dynamics of the D+2 molecular ion when subjected to such ultrashort, intense laser pulses. In particular, these simulations are compared to the results from recent pump-probe experiments, in which, the nuclear vibrational motion of D+2has been imaged. Simulations suggest that the nature of the dissociation process, be it 1- or 2-photon, may be influenced by the tuning of the pump-probe delay time.


Summary studies are presented for the entire cloud observation archieve from the NASA Global Atmospheric Sampling Program (GASP). Studies are also presented for GASP particle concentration data gathered concurrently with the cloud observations. Cloud encounters are shown on about 15 percent of the data samples overall, but the probability of cloud encounter is shown to vary significantly with altitude, latitude, and distance from the tropopause. Several meteorological circulation features are apparent in the latitudinal distribution of cloud cover, and the cloud encounter statistics are shown to be consistent with the classical mid-latitude cyclone model. Observations of clouds spaced more closely than 90 minutes are shown to be statistically dependent. The statistics for cloud and particle encounter are utilized to estimate the frequency of cloud encounter on long range airline routes, and to assess the probability and extent of laminar flow loss due to cloud or particle encounter by aircraft utilizing laminar flow control (LFC). It is shown that the probability of extended cloud encounter is too low, of itself, to make LFC impractical.


It is an emergency which, in case of consciousness involvement, must be considered a severe condition; therefore, intensive control of the patient must be initiated at once, including a state of consciousness, respiration, temperature, pulse, signs of tissular perfsion, arterial blood pressure and in case of shock, central venous pressure hydroelectrolytic balance. At the general and neurological examination, nistagmus, ecchymoses of the eye bulbs, mydraisis and hemorrhages in the fundus of the eye must be investigated. Likewise, lesions or depressions of the skull, cefalhematoma; to achieve this, X-ray studies of skull are necessary. Detection of hemorrhages or spinal fluid through ears, nose or mouth. It is necessary to be on watch for endocranial hypertensive signs. Encephalograms and electroencephalograms if complications from hematoma or severe cerebral contusion are suspected. The prognosis depends on the deepness and duration of unconsciousness, on the range of the neurologic disturbance, and of added complications. Treatment including surgery, must be carried out adequately.


A new statistical simulation methodology under process variations in deep sub-micron technology is described. By dividing the overall memory system into sub-blocks and running Monte Carlo simulations locally, significant reduction in the statistical simulation time is achieved. A novel methodology to combine the simulation results and accurately predict the read access failure of the overall system is also presented. This allows allocation of design margins and setting of design guidelines for each sub-block in the early design stage.


The interactions of ethanol with a Bronsted acid site (a hydroxy group) and with a Lewis acid site (a metal ion) on surfaces of seven metal oxides (SiO2-Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, ZnO, MgO, MnO and CdO) have been investigated using the DV-Xα method. The oxides were selected from a series of catalysts, whose selectivities for the dehydration and the dehydrogenation of ethanol had been experimentally determined by P. Sabatier and A. Mailhe.By comparing the results of the DV-Xα calculations from several models of ethanol interacting with the Bronsted or Lewis acid sites with the experimental selectivities, it was concluded that a proton shift from the Bronsted site to the ethanol oxygen occurs when ethanol strongly interacts with the site and that this shift changed the electronic state of ethanol for the dehydration to be favorable. These results indicate that the dehydration of ethanol on oxide catalysts proceeds by the E1 mechanism.


This paper presents reliable high power and high brightness 9xx-nm single emitter laser diodes, which have been designed for various multi-emitter fiber-coupled modules. Diode lasers from legend generation have been life-tested with currents up to 14A at heat-sink and junction temperatures of 50°C and 80°C respectively, and have accumulated more than 15,000 hours of life-test duration. In order to further improve reliable operational power and optimize beam quality, new generation devices have been developed. The new devices demonstrated more than 20W CW rollover power without catastrophic optical mirror damage (COMD). Near-field/far-field patterns have also been improved significantly. In addition to step-stress life-tests, a 7-level multi-cell life-test was designed to investigate acceleration factors relative to the operation conditions. Junction temperatures ranging from 60°C to 110°C and current from 14A to 18A were used in this multi-cell life-test. The ongoing multi-cell life-test has accumulated 1.3 million raw device hours and shown very few device failures in up to 7000 hours duration. Such a low failure rate doesn't allow a meaningful estimation of acceleration factors. When nominal acceleration factors are used, multi-cell life-test data supports ∼500 FIT, with 90% confidence, at 10W, 33°C/50°C heat-sink/junction temperatures.


A rise in temperature will intensify the feeding links involving ectotherms in food webs. However, it is unclear how the effects will quantitatively differ between the plant-herbivore and herbivore-carnivore interface. To test how warming could differentially affect rates of herbivory and carnivory, we studied trophic interaction strength in a food chain comprised of green algae, herbivorous rotifers and carnivorous rotifers at 10, 15, 20 and 25°C. We found significant warming-induced changes in feeding by both herbivorous and carnivorous rotifers, but these responses occurred at different parts of the entire temperature gradient. The strongest response of the per capita herbivore's ingestion rate occurred due to an increase in temperature from 15 to 20°C (1.9 fold: from 834 to 1611 algal cells per h−1) and of the per capita carnivore's ingestion rate from 20 to 25°C (1.6 fold: from 1.5 to 2.5 prey h−1). Handling time, an important component of a consumer's functional response, significantly decreased from 15 to 20°C in herbivorous rotifers. In contrast, it decreased from 20 to 25°C in carnivorous rotifers. Attack rates significantly and strongly increased from 10 to 25°C in the herbivorous animals, but not at all in the carnivores. Our results exemplify how the relative forces of top-down control exerted by herbivores and carnivores may strongly shift under global warming. But warming, and its magnitude, are not the only issue: If our results would prove to be representative, shifts in ectotherm interactions will quantitatively differ when a 5°C increase starts out from a low, intermediate or high initial temperature. This would imply that warming could have different effects on the relative forces of carnivory and herbivory in habitats differing in average temperature, as would exist at different altitudes and latitudes.


OBJECTIVE
Detection of antizonal antibodies (aZPs) in cervical ovulatory mucus and in serum in patients with fertility failure.

DESIGN
Retrospective study.

SETTING
Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty of Charles University, and Faculty Hospital, Plzen.

METHODS
Detection of aZPs (passive hemagglutination test) in cervical ovulatory mucus (OM) and in serum from 105 patients with reproductive failure and in 25 fertile healthy women (control group).

RESULTS
Positive levels of aZP in OM were found in 79 (75.2%) patients, in 56 of them aZP were observed in OM and in serum together, only ovulatory aZPs in 23 (21.9%), and only serum aZPs in 18 (17.1%) were found. aZPs predominate in 47 patients (of 48 women) with more than two in vitro fertilization processes, in thirty of them aZPs in serum and in OM together were observed. On the other hand, repeated spontaneous miscarriage and obesity have no connection with detection of aZPs in our patients. CONCLUSION. The increased levels of serum and OM aZPs are very often seen in patients after repeated unsuccessful IVF. This very important result in reproductive immunology means to go on the micromanipulation technics combined with immunosuppression in the next planned IVF procedure.


The rapid decline of the tourism sector during the pandemic makes this study important, because it can move the Bali tourism sector by knowing the factors that affect the intention of visiting domestic tourists who have visited Bali during the pandemic. So, it will describe what is desired by tourists such as: green zone areas, attractions that have established health protocols, and destinations that still attract tourists. This research was conducted in Bali especially Tanah Lot Special Tourism Attraction, Double Six Seminyak Beach, Ubud Monkey Forest, using 100 tourists' samples determined according to slovin formula. Researchers used questionnaires distributed to tourists who had visited Bali. Then the data is analyzed using factor analysis with the help of Statistical Package for the Social Sciens Version 21.0. The results of the study are 1) there are seven factors formed in influencing the intention of visiting Indonesian tourists during the pandemic to Bali. These factors include travel risk factors, destination image factors, driving factors, hospitality risk factors, pull factors, destination risk factors and trust factors. 2) the dominant factor that influences the intention to visit Indonesian tourists during the pandemic to Bali is the first factor named travel risk factor. Travel risk factors outperformed other factors with variance percentage of 37,216% and eigenvalue of 13,770. The indicator of forming factors that have the highest loading factor value on travel risk factors is the nature of traveling with a loading factor of 0.777.


We report the case of an intramuscular cavernous and capillary hemangioma of the thigh revealed by pains evolving for 2 years and by an amyotrophy. After 21 months of investigation, the surgical excision and the histological examination only established the dia Thigh MRI. T1-weighted axial and sagittal sections with gadolinium infusion.


We show that under the influence of pure vacuum noise two entangled qubits become completely disentangled in a finite-time, and in a specific example we find the time to be given by ln((2+sqrt[2] / 2) times the usual spontaneous lifetime.


Clinical and experimental studies with rabbit and human corneas have shown the correlation between short postmortem times and successful corneal cryopreservation. In this experimental study we investigated this phenomenon considering the latent freeze-thaw-induced cell damage. Enucleated eye-balls of freshly slaughtered pigs were stored in moist chambers at 4 degrees C for 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 72 h before cryopreservation. After thawing, the corneas were organ-cultured for 1 day. After staining with trypan blue and alizarin red S the tissue was evaluated morphometrically, calculating the amount of necrotic areas on the central corneal surface and the endothelial cell density. Corneas stored up to 32 h before cryopreservation showed no difference regarding the amount of necrosis and endothelial cell density compared to freshly cryopreserved tissue. Corneas stored 72 h before cryopreservation revealed no endothelial cell survival. We conclude that a post-mortem time of up to 32 h before corneal cryopreservation has no influence on endothelial cell survival.


The Final clause in Finnish texts
from the 16th century to the present day
Modern Finnish language has a compact means of expressing that the action described in the embedded clause is the purpose of the action reported in the main clause (Hän on ponnistellut lujasti estä|ä|kse|en [prevent+INF+TRANSL+POSS.3SG] neuvottelujen kariutumisen 'He has made considerable effort in order to prevent the failure of the negotiations') or that the main clause action is a prerequisite of the action reported in the subclause (Hän ei ole elänyt tarpeeksi kauan kerto|a|kse|en [tell+INF+TRANSL+POSS.3SG] löydöstään 'He hasn't lived long enough to tell about his discovery'). This non-finite construction, named the Final clause (finaalirakenne) at its most scaled-down meaning can even convey simple posteriority (Edmonton meni jatkoon pudot|a|kse|en [fail+INF+TRANSL+POSS.3SG] seuraavalla kierroksella Minnesotalle 'Edmonton made the playoffs and/but lost against Minnesota in the following round'). The construction consists of the translative form of the A-marked infinitive. A possessive suffix is attached to the infinite verb form. It usually refers to the subject referent of the main clause.
The Final clause appears to be a formation typical to literary language even though the translative of the A-marked infinitive has some lexicalized uses in local dialects. This paper was written by a group of Old Finnish researchers who decided to follow the factors behind its frequency in various old texts. As a result, a pilot study on the Final clause was conducted.
The construction was investigated from three different perspectives: 1) diachronic changes in religious and legal texts, 2) the effect of genre, and 3) the author's language background. Pieces of corpora, representing periods of Old Finnish, Early Modern and Modern Finnish, each 35 000 words in size, were determined, and the occurances of Final clause (or constructions close enough to it) were calculated.
The results show that the Final clause, like non-finite clauses in general, was still seeking its shape in the earliest Biblical and legal texts. Few occurances of the Final clause could be defined in the 16th century texts. The translative of the A-marked infinitive had other uses, though. The Final clause spread rapidly in the 19th century and peaked in Elias Lönnrot's legal texts as well as in the Bible translation eventually published in the 1930's.
From the beginning, the Final clause had a literal tone in it. Antti Lizelius (1708‒1795), parson of Pöytyä and Mynämäki counties and founder of the first Finnish newspaper, made frequent use of the Final clause in his Tiedotuskirja, local history research, while underused it in the newspaper Suomenkieliset Tieto-Sanomat, whose main goal was public enlightenment. Texts of several 19th century authors were investigated in the same manner in order to find out the effect of language background on the use of the Final clause. The writer's mother tongue appeared to be a greater factor than the status of the text as original or translated. Non-native Finnish speakers were three times as likely to use the construction than native speakers.
Many further questions arise from the findings of this paper which is a preliminary introduction to a so far little-researched non-finite construction. Nevertheless, it proved possible to follow the birth and development of the Final clause from available literal sources.


Gene duplication is a source of evolutionary novelty. DNA methylation may play a role in the evolution of duplicate genes through its association with gene expression. While this relationship is examined to varying extent in a few individual species, the generalizability of these results at either a broad phylogenetic scale with species of differing duplication histories or across a population, remains unknown. We apply a comparative epigenomics approach to 43 angiosperm species across the phylogeny and a population of 928 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions, examining the association of DNA methylation with paralog evolution. Genic DNA methylation is differentially associated with duplication type, the age of duplication, sequence evolution, and gene expression. Whole genome duplicates are typically enriched for CG-only gene-body methylated or unmethylated genes, while single-gene duplications are typically enriched for non-CG methylated or unmethylated genes. Non-CG methylation, in particular, was characteristic of more recent single-gene duplicates. Core angiosperm gene families are differentiated into those which preferentially retain paralogs and 'duplication-resistant' families, which convergently revert to singletons following duplication. Duplication-resistant families which still have paralogous copies are, uncharacteristically for core angiosperm genes, enriched for non-CG methylation. Non-CG methylated paralogs have higher rates of sequence evolution, higher frequency of presence-absence variation, and more limited expression. This suggests that silencing by non-CG methylation may be important to maintaining dosage following duplication and be a precursor to fractionation. Our results indicate that genic methylation marks differing evolutionary trajectories and fates between paralogous genes and have a role in maintaining dosage following duplication.


It has become appreciated that drug levels of procainamide hydrochloride needed to suppress inducible ventricular tachycardia by programmed ventricular stimulation exceed the previously published therapeutic range. Cerebellar ataxia developed acutely in a patient receiving high-dose procainamide. This was associated with a marked increase in the serum drug level. Resolution occurred within three days after drug therapy was discontinued.


Water in the 21st-Century West offers a timely look at the central issue facing the American West the region's diminishing water supply. It collects the best reporting on the subject, drawn from the pages of High Country News, the newspaper that sets the standard for coverage of environmental issues in the West. This book provides compelling perspectives on the water issues and controversies that roil the region, from the Pacific Northwest to the Great Plains, from the interior mountains to the southwestern deserts. The book's contributors, mong them activists, scholars, scientists, and many of the nation's finest environmental journalistsoffer hardhitting analyses of regional dilemmas, including the unpredictable impact of climate change; intense debates over decommissioning dams; emerging Native American water power; toxic threats to groundwater quality; and the escalating urban demands for water in Los Angeles, Las Vegas, Denver, Salt Lake City, and the Bay Area. Water in the 21st-Century West captures the range and nature of the arguments that have defined water politics in the region over the past decade. The collection probes the issues and explores creative attempts to find solutions, bringing a focus and clarity to the most contentious environmental issue the West faces. Water in the 21st-Century West will be an essential primer in assessing and mapping the West's water future.


This paper examines the language socialisation experiences of children in the extensive multilingual and culturally hybrid 'compound houses' located in three suburbs of Accra. It seeks to unravel the infl uence socialising agents' practices and attitudes have on children's language choices and usage patterns. Blending the practice view of Community of Practice with the Ethnography of Communication model, it analyses the children's language socialisation practices within the various communities, focusing on how the socialising agents' practices shape children's language choice, use and practices. Using semi-structured interviews and participant observation, data were gathered on language choice, use and attitudes from fi fty purposively selected participants who reside in six compound houses. The data reveal that the children's experiences at home are overshadowed by the language(s) used in the macro- environment. As a result, individual bilingualism does not necessarily show the presence of the parents' ethnic language. The findings further show that socialising agents' perceptions and attitudes motivate language shift and reinforcement among children.


Stability conditions for irreversible structural systems are formulated on the basis of the second law of thermodynamics. It is found that distinction must be made between stable equilibrium states and stable equilibrium paths. An equilibrium state is stable if any admissible deviation from it leads to a decrease of the internal entropy of the structure. Among all the equilibrium paths emanating from a bifurcation point, the stable path is that which maximizes the increment of internal entropy. These criteria are expressed in terms of the second-order incremental work, and distinction between load control and displacement control is made. Shanley's perfect elastoplastic column is analyzed as an example. It is found that the undeflected states of the column are stable up to the reduced modulus load. However, the undeflected stable states above the tangent modulus load are not reachable by a continuous loading process. The stable path is such that the deflection becomes nonzero as soon as the tangent modulus load is exceeded. Uniaxial strain-softening must localize right after the peak stress state even though the limit of stable homogeneous strain states occurs only later at a finite descending slope. The results indicate a need to include checks for path stability in inelastic finite element programs, especially those for damage with strain-softening.


Abstract Neuroinflammation is as an important component of pathogenesis in many types of brain pathology. Immune mechanisms regulate neuroplasticity, memory formation, neurogenesis, behavior, brain development, cognitive functions, and brain metabolism. It is generally believed that essential homeostatic functions of astrocytes – astroglia-neuron metabolic coupling, gliovascular control, regulation of proliferation, and migration of cells in the neurogenic niches – are compromised in neuroinflammation resulting in excitotoxicity, neuronal and glial cell death, and alterations of intercellular communication. Viral neuroinfection, release of non-coding RNAs from the cells at the sites of brain injury or degeneration, and application of siRNA or RNA aptamers as therapeutic agents would require dsRNA-sensing pathways in the cells of neuronal and non-neuronal origin. In this review, we analyze the data regarding the role of astrocytes in dsRNA-initiated innate immune response in neuroinflammation and their contribution to progression of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental pathology.


Introduction: Antenatal care (ANC) is the care of a pregnant woman required to ensure a healthy pregnancy and safe childbirth. According to the World Health Organization to achieve the full life-saving potential for pregnant women and babies, minimum four ANC visits are essential. Quality and quantity of ANC visit depends on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, awareness and attitude of the individual. To get the benefits from ANC services awareness among pregnant women and their family members are very important.
Objective: To evaluate the awareness about ANC service among the pregnant women attending Upazila Health Complex of a rural community.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the pregnant women attending the outpatient department of Kaligonj Upazila Health Complex, Gazipur, Bangladesh from January to March 2017. Data were collected by face-to-face interview of the respondents using a structured questionnaire. Chi-square (χ2) test was done to see the association among the respondents' socio-demographic characteristics with awareness about ANC services.
Result: Respondents' age range was 16-40 years and 61.9% were below 25 years and 71.1% married before 20 years. More than half (66.5%) of the respondents' found aware about pregnancy danger sign, safe delivery and benefits of ANC service. This study found a significant (p<0.05) association between socio-demographic characteristics and awareness about ANC services of respondents.
Conclusion: Overall knowledge and awareness level on different component and benefits of ANC visit were below the national standard.  To improve the community awareness and practice on ANC services community campaign is recommended.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(2) 2017: 11-14


Hunting can fundamentally alter wildlife population dynamics, but the consequences of hunting on pathogen transmission and evolution remain poorly understood. Here we present a study that leverages a unique landscape-scale experiment coupled with pathogen transmission tracing, network simulation and phylodynamics to provide insights into how hunting shapes viral dynamics in puma (Puma concolor). We show that removing hunting pressure enhances the role of males in transmission, increases the viral population growth rate and the role of evolutionary forces on the pathogen compared to when hunting was reinstated. Changes in transmission could be linked to short term social changes while the male population increased. These findings are supported through comparison with a region with stable hunting management over the same time period. This study shows that routine wildlife management can have impacts on pathogen transmission and evolution not previously considered.


Abstract India's recognition of West, but not East, Germany was the foundation of an inconsistent policy on Germany from India and many other non-aligned countries. It was the outcome of a lack of professionalism, indecisiveness, the pragmatic considerations of a junior Indian diplomat in Berlin, and the laconic approval of the anti-communist secretary-general of the Ministry of External Affairs, Girja Shankar Bajpai. Neither Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru nor his advisor V.K. Krishnan Menon were involved at all. Officials around Foreign Secretary K.P.S. Menon held that the GDR should also be recognised in due course, but did not exercise sufficient influence. India would stand by its decision for 23 years and thereby set an example for other non-aligned countries.


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Abstract Escherichia coli RecO is a recombination mediator protein that functions in the RecF pathway of homologous recombination, in concert with RecR, and interacts with E. coli single stranded (ss) DNA binding (SSB) protein via the last 9 amino acids of the C-terminal tails (SSB-Ct). Structures of the E. coli RecR and RecOR complexes are unavailable; however, crystal structures from other organisms show differences in RecR oligomeric state and RecO stoichiometry. We report analytical ultracentrifugation studies of E. coli RecR assembly and its interaction with RecO for a range of solution conditions using both sedimentation velocity and equilibrium approaches. We find that RecR exists in a pH-dependent dimer-tetramer equilibrium that explains the different assembly states reported in previous studies. RecO binds with positive cooperativity to a RecR tetramer, forming both RecR4O and RecR4O2 complexes. We find no evidence of a stable RecO complex with RecR dimers. However, binding of RecO to SSB-Ct peptides elicits an allosteric effect, eliminating the positive cooperativity and shifting the equilibrium to favor a RecR4O complex. These studies suggest a mechanism for how SSB binding to RecO influences the distribution of RecOR complexes to facilitate loading of RecA onto SSB coated ssDNA to initiate homologous recombination.


Belfry, K. D., Soltani, N., Brown, L. R. and Sikkema, P. H. 2015. Tolerance of identity preserved soybean cultivars to preemergence herbicides. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 719-726. Six field trials were conducted over a 3-yr period (2011 to 2013) near Exeter and Ridgetown, Ontario, Canada, to assess the tolerance of seven identity-preserved (IP) soybean cultivars to preemergence (PRE) herbicides applied at 2×the recommended dose. All cultivars demonstrated excellent tolerance to dimethenamid-P, pyroxasulfone, S-metolachlor, chlorimuron-ethyl, clomazone, cloransulam-methyl, flumetsulam and imazethapyr, showing 5% or less injury. At Exeter, linuron caused as much as 13 and 18% injury at 2 and 4 wk after soybean emergence, while injury due to metribuzin was as high as 22 and 47% for the same dates, respectively. At Exeter, linuron, metribuzin and S-metolachlor plus metribuzin reduced soybean height up to 17, 41 and 24%, respectively; soybean height was generally not affected at the Ridgetown sites. At Exeter, metribuzin reduced soybean yield up to 38% for cultivars S03W4, Madison and OAC Lakeview, while S23T5 was not significantly reduced. On the contrary, metribuzin yield loss at Ridgetown was nonsignificant. Results from this study suggest that PRE application of metribuzin at 2× field dose has potential to cause unacceptable injury and yield reduction in IP soybeans under some soil and climatic conditions and may vary according to cultivar.


Jasmonic acid and its methyl ester are ubiquitous plant signalling compounds necessary for the regulation of growth and development, as well as for the response of plants to environmental stress factors. To date, it is not clear whether methyl jasmonate itself acts as a signal or if its conversion to jasmonic acid is mandatory prior to the induction of a defense response. We have cloned a cDNA, encoding a methyl jasmonate-cleaving enzyme, from tomato cell suspension cultures. Sequence analysis revealed significant similarity to plant esterases and to (S)-hydroxynitrile lyases with an alpha/beta-hydrolase fold structure. The coding sequence was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and purified in a catalytically active form. Transcript levels, as well as enzymatic activity, were determined in different tomato tissues. High transcript levels and enzyme activities were found in roots and flowers, while the mRNA level and activity were low in stems and leaves. Moreover, when tested in methyl jasmonate- and elicitor-treated cell suspension cultures, transcript levels were found to decrease, indicating that this particular enzyme might be a regulator of jasmonate signalling.


Objectives Metabolic syndrome (MS) is considered to be a cluster of interrelated risk factors for metabolism, which may increase arterial stiffness and cardiovascular morbidity. The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is a reliable indicator of arterial stiffness and early arteriosclerosis. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the gender-specific relationship between MS and CAVI in the general Chinese population. Methods A total of 1,301 subjects aged 20 to 60 years participated in this study. CAVI was measured noninvasively using a Vasera VS-1000 device. Blood samples and waist circumference were examined to identify metabolic syndrome according to the criteria set forth in the 2009 Joint Scientific Statement. Results The prevalence of MS in the study subjects was 17.4% (30.7% in males and 7.0% in females, P < 0.001). CAVI values were significantly higher in MS subjects than in non-MS subjects and increased linearly as the number of MS components increased in females, but not in males. Using multiple regression analysis, we found that BMI was correlated with CAVI in the overall population and in both genders, and that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was associated with CAVI in males, while the number of MS components was related to CAVI in females. CAVI values increased linearly with age in both genders (P-trend < 0.001 for both), and this correlation was stronger in males than in females. Conclusions There are gender-specific differences in the association of MS and CAVI. First, the effects of the number of MS components on CAVI are stronger in females than in males. Second, the effect of each MS component on arterial stiffness may differ in relation to gender. In addition, aging affects arterial stiffness more severely in males, and the increase in arterial stiffness tends to occur at a younger age in males than in females. Larger samples and longitudinal studies are needed to further confirm our results in the future.


This study aims to analyze and provide empirical evidence of influence between family ownership and corporate governance for aggressive action.The hypothesis (1) family ownership affect aggressive tax measures, (2) corporate governance affects aggressive taxation. The population in this study is a manufacturing company listed on the Stock Exchange 2008-2011.Data was collected using purposive sampling method for manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Data were analyzed using regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that family ownership has no significant effect on aggressive tax measures. While corporate governance has a significant effect on aggresive tax measures as measured by cash effective tax rate (CETR).


In this paper we will analyze the controllability properties of a linear coupled parabolic system of m equations when a unique distributed control is exerted on the system. We will see that, when a cascade system is considered, we can prove a global Carleman inequality for the adjoint system which bounds the global integrals of the variable φ = (φ1, . . . , φm) ∗ in terms of a unique localized variable. As a consequence, we will obtain the null controllability property for the system with one control force. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000). 93B05, 93B07, 35K50.


The attentional aspects of crisis computing - supporting highly trained teams as they respond to real-life emergencies - have been underexplored in the user interface community. My research investigates the development of interactive software systems that support crisis teams, with an eye towards intelligently managing attention. In this paper, I briefly describe MDOCS, a Medical operating DOCuments System built for time-critical interaction. MDOCS is a multi-user, multi-surface software system that implements dynamic checklists and interactive cognitive aids written to support medical crisis teams. I present the results of a study that evaluates the deployment of MDOCS in a realistic, mannequin-based medical simulator used by anesthesiologists. I propose controlled laboratory experiments that evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of our design principles and attentional interaction techniques.


Introduction: The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare to the public is severe. There is a high viral load in the nasal and oral cavities of infected patients, especially endangering those specialties focused around this region. Within the field of action of oral and maxillofacial surgeons, the approach and management of oral cancer is one relevant area. The present review aims to collect and discuss aspects of the management of inpatients and outpatients with oral cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic. Corpus: The care of the patient affected with oral cancer is imperative. Following strict biosecurity protocols, procedures such as clinical examinations for cancer patients and biopsies can be performed. In the case of benign slowly growing tumors, deferral of surgery until the COVID-19 pandemic situation has settled is recommended. In the case of malignant tumors, surgery must be performed using appropriate biosecurity measures. Conclusion: The reduction of elective surgery is necessary; nevertheless, urgent oncologic and emergency surgery still has to be performed. Strategies must be developed to reduce the number of infections. The adequate approach of the COVID-19 challenge merits significant changes in the infrastructure of outpatient units, inpatient units, and operating rooms.


College websites play an increasingly important role in the lives of students, faculty, and parents providing them with necessary information and communication opportunities. A number of researchers have studied the effectiveness of college websites, however, most of these studies focused on the needs of students. There is a research gap in understanding the information needs of multiple audiences of college websites.

This paper presents the preliminary findings of the study on information needs of multiple user groups of a community college website: traditional students, non-traditional students, employees, parents, and prospective students. The preliminary analysis of data shows that in general, community college website users need course-related information, information about the college, financial information, contact information, admission and career-related information pertaining to the college. On the other hand, each group of users has distinct information needs that should be taken into account in the architecture, design, and content of community college websites to make them more effective.


The rise of populist political rhetoric and mobilisation, together with a conflict-riven digital public sphere, has generated growing interest in anger as a central emotion in politics. Anger has long been recognised as a powerful driver of political action and resistance, by feminist scholars amongst others, while political philosophers have reflected on the relationship of anger to ethical judgement since Aristotle. This article seeks to differentiate between two different ideal types of anger, in order to illuminate the status of anger in contemporary populist politics and rhetoric. Firstly, there is anger that arises in an automatic, pre-conscious fashion, as a somatic, reactive and performative way, to an extent that potentially spirals into violence. Secondly, there is anger that builds up over time in response to perceived injustice, potentially generating melancholia and ressentiment. Borrowing Kahneman's dualism, the article refers to these as 'fast' and 'slow' anger, and deploys the distinction to understand how the two inter-act. In the hands of the demagogue or troll, 'fast anger' can be deployed to focus all energies on the present, so as to briefly annihilate the past and the 'slow anger' that has been deposited there. And yet only by combining the conscious reflection of memory with the embodied response of action can anger ever be meaningfully sated in politics.


ABSTRACT Degradation of the appearance of rice grains due to high temperatures during ripening is a serious problem being worsened by global warming. QTLs for tolerance to high temperature during ripening must be identified in order to develop new cultivars efficiently. Here, we developed recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from crosses between the high-temperature-tolerant 'Genkitsukushi' and the high-temperature-sensitive 'Tsukushiroman'. The occurrence of white-back grains is significantly lower in 'Genkitsukushi' than in 'Tsukushiroman'. We evaluated their high-temperature tolerance and performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. A QTL for white-back grains on chromosome (chr.) 6 and a large-effect QTL on chr. 8 were identified in the two-year experiments. The QTL on chr. 8 was close to one we previously detected using RILs derived from 'Chikushi 52' × 'Tsukushiroman'. The results indicate that the QTL on chr. 6 is unique to 'Genkitsukushi' × 'Tsukushiroman', and that on chr. 8 could be identical between 'Genkitsukushi' and 'Chikushi 52'. Backcrossed lines which harbor the QTL region on chr. 8 of 'Genkitsukushi' in the background of 'Tsukushiroman' verified its effects. We also analyzed the marker genotypes near the QTLs on chr. 6 and 8 in relatives of 'Genkitsukushi'. We discuss the interaction between these QTLs and their relationship with high-temperature tolerance. Graphical abstract


Intended for Pleasure presents information regarding sex and sexuality oriented towards Christian couples. Written by a medical doctor with his wife, the book is particularly strong in describing common sexual problems with an additional strength of focusing not only sexual intercourse but also on the whole relationship as being important to sexuality. Unfortunately, there are limitations in that their interpretation of the Bible is sometimes idiosyncratic, they seem to have unstated expectations about acceptable sexual practice, and abusive relationships are not sufficiently discussed. Overall the book may be a good fit for Christian couples looking to improve their sexual satisfaction.


Crowd-sourcing is increasingly being used for providing answers to online polls and surveys. However, existing systems, while taking care of the mechanics of attracting crowd workers, poll building, and payment, generally provide little by way of cost-management (e.g. working with a tight budget), time-management (e.g. obtaining results as quickly as possible), and controlling the margin of error (e.g. working on a sample population which is largely different from the general census statistics). The problems above create significant pain points for those wanting to run large-scale surveys, such as people doing polling for political campaigns, marketing professionals, and the like. Our work unlocks the possibility of large-scale polling on a budget though the use of novel optimization strategies. Our work, is based on InterPoll, a platform for programming crowdsourced polls. In this paper, we present three static and three runtime optimizations for InterPoll polls represented as LINQ queries. The former share some similarities for traditional compiler optimizations, while the latter borrow insight from databases and real-life polling strategies. These optimizations lead to significant improvements in practice. In our experiments we observed tenfold savings in survey cost and time savings of as much as 20 hours for some of the queries.