Introduction In last decade, several lithium ion batteries formation methods have been investigated. Such as two steps current charge formation , pulse formation or ageing process. However, these researches are all focus on the unity electrochemical or chemical properties improvement. In addition, carbonate provide high dielectric constant and well low temperature performance, but due to deintercalation of solvent molecules along with lithium ion into the graphite and subsequent exfoliation, it cannot form not only better SEI and produce carbon dioxide, and wet ability is also become an object of public denunciation. Therefore, the commercial market, especially LEV and HEV, are both focus on PC/EC based system and blend different kinds of low dielectric constant carbonate, such as DMC, EMC, DEC to improve viscosity and wet ability. However, the correlation among the electrolyte, formation process and temperature are deficient to discuss in recent papers. In this research, we try to use different kinds of electrolyte and formatted at two temperatures to find the variations.


When querying an RDF graph, a prominent feature is the possibility of extending the answer to a query with optional information. However, the definition of this feature in SPARQL --the standard RDF query language-- has raised some important issues. Most notably, the use of this feature increases the complexity of the evaluation problem, and its closed-world semantics is in conflict with the underlying open-world semantics of RDF. Many approaches for fixing such problems have been proposed, being the most prominent the introduction of the semantic notion of weakly-monotone SPARQL query. Weakly-monotone SPARQL queries have shaped the class of queries that conform to the open-world semantics of RDF. Unfortunately, finding an effective way of restricting SPARQL to the fragment of weakly-monotone queries has proven to be an elusive problem. In practice, the most widely adopted fragment for writing SPARQL queries is based on the syntactic notion of well designedness. This notion has proven to be a good approach for writing SPARQL queries, but its expressive power has yet to be fully understood. The starting point of this paper is to understand the relation between well-designed queries and the semantic notion of weak monotonicity. It is known that every well-designed SPARQL query is weakly monotone; as our first contribution we prove that the converse does not hold, even if an extension of this notion based on the use of disjunction is considered. Given this negative result, we embark on the task of defining syntactic fragments that are weakly-monotone, and have higher expressive power than the fragment of well-designed queries. To this end, we move to a more general scenario where infinite RDF graphs are also allowed, so that interpolation techniques studied for first-order logic can be applied. With the use of these techniques, we are able to define a new operator for SPARQL that gives rise to a query language with the desired properties (over finite and infinite RDF graphs). It should be noticed that every query in this fragment is weakly monotone if we restrict to the case of finite RDF graphs. Moreover, we use this result to provide a simple characterization of the class of monotone CONSTRUCT queries, that is, the class of SPARQL queries that produce RDF graphs as output. Finally, we pinpoint the complexity of the evaluation problem for the query languages identified in the paper.


In two experiments in a simulated office space, temporary office personnel worked under one of six lighting conditions for a day. A previous paper reported the results of statistical tests for lighting conditions effects on perceptions, feelings, and task performance. This paper reports mediated regression analyses testing the linked mechanisms by which lighting conditions affect health, well-being, and task performance. Combined results from the two statistical approaches show that people who perceived their office lighting as being of higher quality rated the space as more attractive, reported more pleasant mood, and showed greater well-being at the end of the day. Direct-indirect lighting and personal control were favoured. Lighting conditions that improved visibility also improved task performance.


I posit that hourly changes in air pollution affect criminality through two distinct pathways, via physiological effects on the criminal and by changes in the tightness of the market for criminal activities. To disentangle individual from market effects, I develop a behavioral model of the individual decision to transgress and a model of search-and-matching frictions between criminals and crime opportunities. The study examines the impact on the four largest cities in North America. Causality emerges from instrumental variable panel-models. Results show that pollution increases violent and unpremeditated crimes while decreasing burglaries and sexual offenses through a reduction of crime opportunities.


Abstract This study aimed to identify possible differences in the lying and standing sequence between lame and non-lame gestating sows. A total of 85 stall-housed sows (average parity 0.9 ± 1.14; range 0–4) were scored for walking lameness on a 3-point scale (1 = normal to 3=severely lame) while moving to a separate gestation stall for recording of one lying-standing event on days 30, 60 and 90 of gestation. A video camera was positioned on the adjacent stall so sows' profiles were visible. Observations ceased when the sow laid-down and stood-up, or 2.5 h elapsed from recording commencement. From videos, postures and movements that occurred during lying-standing sequences were identified. Time (seconds) from kneeling to shoulder rotation (KSR), shoulder rotation to lying (SRHQ), total time to lie (TLIE); latency to lie (LATENCY; minutes) and number of attempts to successfully lie were recorded. Also, time taken from first leg fold to sit (TLS), time from sit to rise (TSR), and total time to rise (TRISE) were recorded. Sows were re-classified as non-lame (score 1) and lame (scores ≥ 2). Data were analyzed using mixed model methods with gestation day, and lameness as fixed effects and sow the random effect. On average, sows took 14.3 ± 1.39 s for KSR, 7.7 ± 0.79 s for SRHQ, 21.0 ± 1.37 s for TLIE and 63.6 ± 5.97 min for LATENCY. Furthermore, sows took 8.8 ± 2.80 s for TLS, 5.95 ± 1.73 s for TSR, and 10.3 ± 2.02 s for TRISE. There were no associations between lameness status or gestation day with time required for or the likelihood of performing the different movements of the lying and standing sequences (P > 0.05). Except for lame sows tending to sit more while transitioning from lying to standing than non-lame sows (P = 0.09). Seven different lying and 4 different standing combination deviation from the normal sequences, albeit each combination was infrequent and did not allow for statistical analysis. However, all together, deviations from the normal lying and standing sequence accounted for 22.7 % and 35 % of total observations; respectively. Under the conditions of this study, lameness did not influence the time taken or the likelihood of performing different movements and/or postures during normal lying-standing sequences. However, this could be due to lameness recorded here not being severe enough to affect the sequences. The observed deviations suggest that there is variation in the way sows lie and stand although more research is necessary to understand which factors contribute to such variation. This study aimed to identify possible di ff erences in the lying and standing sequence between lame and non-lame gestating sows. A total of 85stall-housed sows (average parity 0.9 ± 1.14; range 0 – 4) were scored for walking lameness on a 3-point scale (1=normal to 3=severely lame) while moving to a separate gestation stall for recording of one lying-standing event on days 30, 60 and 90 of gestation. A video camera was positioned on the adjacent stall so sows ' pro fi les were visible. Observations ceased when the sow laid-down and stood-up, or 2.5h elapsed from recording commencement. From videos, postures and movements that occurred during lying-standing sequences were identi fi ed. Time (seconds) from kneeling to shoulder rotation (KSR), shoulder rotation to lying (SRHQ), total time to lie (TLIE); latency to lie (LATENCY; minutes) and number of attempts to successfully lie were recorded. Also, time taken from fi rst leg fold to sit (TLS), time from sit to rise (TSR), and total time to rise (TRISE) were recorded. Sows were re-classi fi ed as non-lame (score 1) and lame (scores ≥ 2). Data were analyzed using mixed model methods with gestation day, and lameness as fi xed e ff ects and sow the random e ff ect. On average, sows took 14.3 ± 1.39s for KSR, 7.7 ± 0.79s for SRHQ, 21.0 ± 1.37s for TLIE and 63.6 ± 5.97min for LATENCY. Furthermore, sows took 8.8 ± 2.80s for TLS, 5.95 ± 1.73s for TSR, and 10.3 ± 2.02s for TRISE. There were no associations between lameness status or gestation day with time required for or the likelihood of performing the di ff erent movements of the lying and standing sequences ( P > 0.05). Except for lame sows tending to sit more while transitioning from lying to standing than non-lame sows ( P = 0.09). Seven di ff erent lying and 4 di ff erent standing combination deviation from the normal sequences, albeit each combination was infrequent and did not allow for statistical analysis. However, all together, deviations from the normal lying and standing sequence accounted for 22.7 % and 35 % of total observations; respectively. Under the conditions of this study, lameness did not in fl uence the time taken or the likelihood of performing di ff erent movements and/or postures during normal lying-standing sequences. However, this could be due to lameness recorded here not being severe enough to a ff ect the sequences. The observed deviations suggest that there is variation in the way sows lie and stand although more research is necessary to understand which factors contribute to such variation.


High speed infrared (IR) scene simulation is used extensively in defense and homeland security to test sensitivity of IR cameras and accuracy of IR threat detection and tracking algorithms used commonly in IR missile approach warning systems (MAWS). A typical MAWS requires an input scene rate of over 100 scenes/second. Infrared scene simulations typically take 32 minutes to simulate a single IR scene that accounts for effects of atmospheric turbulence, refraction, optical blurring and charge-coupled device (CCD) camera electronic noise on a Pentium 4 (2.8GHz) dual core processor [7]. Thus, in IR scene simulation, the processing power of modern computers is a limiting factor. In this paper we report our research to accelerate IR scene simulation using high performance reconfigurable computing. We constructed a multi Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) hardware acceleration platform and accelerated a key computationally intensive IR algorithm over the hardware acceleration platform. We were successful in reducing the computation time of IR scene simulation by over 36%. This research acts as a unique case study for accelerating large scale defense simulations using a high performance multi-FPGA reconfigurable computer.


Size quantised cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanocrystalline thin films with different particle sizes and stoichiometric ratios were successfully grown on indium tin oxide substrates using an aqueous synthetic route. The effect of cadmium (Cd) to sulphur (S) ratio on the optical properties of CdS nanocrystalline films was investigated using EDAX, UV-vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy. A satisfactory stoichiometric condition was achieved for 0.13 M concentration of thiourea whereas concentrations in the range of 1-1.2% of mercaptoethanol capping agents produced values much smaller than Wannier exciton diameter for CdS grain sizes, leading to quantum confinement. Photoluminescence emission bands and Raman peaks were analysed for the physical understanding of optimum growth of CdS quantum dots.


The management of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) continues to garner vast amounts of attention among physicians who care for adults. However, there is an increasing awareness of the fact that this disease, as well as several other lifelong digestive diseases (i.e. Crohn's disease) may actually have their origins in childhood. Paediatric gastro‐oesophageal reflux (GER) is likely to share a similar pathophysiology to adult GER, and mounting evidence from published preliminary data suggests a genetic susceptibility to GERD. However, further studies will be necessary to confirm this hypothesis. In children, GER has a distinct presentation from that in adults, with the diagnostic work‐up based upon the patient's age as well as their presenting signs and symptoms. Like their adult counterparts, the early detection and treatment of GER in children may result in a better long‐term outcome, improved quality‐of‐life, and a reduction in overall healthcare burden. While the treatment of GER in infants tends to be conservative (i.e. positioning during feeding, smaller feedings), its management in older children parallels that of adults and includes lifestyle changes and pharmacological therapy. However, with persistent symptoms, acid suppression is the mainstay of GERD management in both children and adults. Several studies in children have verified that acid suppression with a proton pump inhibitor is superior to histamine‐2 receptor antagonists. Among the proton pump inhibitors, both lansoprazole and omeprazole have been the subject of published adult and paediatric studies demonstrating their short and long‐term safety, in addition to their efficacy in a variety of oesophageal and supra‐oesophageal GERD related conditions. These two proton pump inhibitors are manufactured as capsules containing enteric‐coated granules that can be emptied into soft foods or liquids without compromising their pharmacological effects or pharmacokinetic properties. Lansoprazole is also available as a strawberry‐flavoured suspension that is acceptable to children and as an oral disintegrating tablet.


'Monopsony and Labour Demand' might strike many as a contradiction in terms as monopsony is often thought to mean an outcome on the labour supply and not the labour demand curve. This paper argues that, despite initial appearances to the contrary, there is no inevitable contradiction between the view that employers have some monopsony power over their workers and the enormous literature on the economics of labour demand. Indeed, popular models of 'labour demand' with convex costs of adjustment are really better thought of as models of monopsonistic firms. But the 'labour demand' literature could do with some re-focusing as the study of the wage and employment decisions of employers.


The mode of action of the novel hypoglycaemic agent, Wy 23675, has been compared with that of the sulphonylurea, tolbutamide, and that of the biguanide, phenformin. Wy 23675 has been shown, like tolbutamide, to stimulate insulin release, but it has also been shown to have an insulin-indeoendant hypoglycaemic activity. Wy 23675 lowers blood glucose levels in both normal and alloxan-diabetic rats in contrast to phenformin, which does not affect blood glucose levels in the normoglycaemic rat. Wy 23675 has been shown to stimulate glucose utilisation in vivo independant of any effect on insulin release, whereas tolbutamide is only active when it can stimulate insulin release. Phenformin stimulated glucose utilization in vivo, but only in hyperglycaemic conditions. Phenformin stimulated glucose utilization by hemidiaphragms at a lower concentration when they were prepared from alloxan-diabetic rats than from normal rats. Phenformin caused a decreased glycogen content and an increase in lactate production in the hemidiaphragm, suggesting an increase in glycolysis and a possible inhibition of lactate oxidation. Phenformin, in high concentrations, stimulated glucose utilization by adipocytes prepared from normal and alloxan-diabetic rats. Wy 23675 stimulated glucose uptake into isolated hemidiaphragms and adipocytes prepared from normal and alloxan-diabetic rats. In hemidiaphragms, Wy 23675 caused an increase in glycogen synthesis with no effect on lactate or pyruvate production. The measured increase in glucose uptake could not be solely accounted for by the measured increase in glycogen content, suggesting an increase in glucose oxidation. The possibility that Wy 23675 could activate pyruvate dehydrogenase is discussed. Both phenformin and Wy 23675 inhibited gluconeogenesis from lactate plus pyruvate and from dihydroxyacetone, but not from xylitol in hepatocytes prepared from fasted, normal or alloxan-diabetic rats. Hepatocytes from fasted, normal rats required a higher concentration of these drugs to inhibit gluconeogenesis than did hepatocytes from alloxan-diabetic rats or hepatocytes from fasted, normal rats which were stimulated by glucagon. The pattern of hepatic metabolite levels following phenformin treatment of alloxan-diabetic rats showed a negative cross-over between 3-phosphoglycerate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Measurement of appropriate metabolite ratios showed a more reduced state in the cytosol and mitochondria and these redox changes are discussed. Wy 23675 treatment resulted in a negative cross-over between malate and phosphoenolpyruvate indicating a possible effect on the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, although this was hot supported in a preliminary in vitro experiment.


The conventional wisdom about the domestic political effects of economic internationalization in recent decades is overdrawn and too simple. Increasing exposure to trade and capital mobility has not led all countries to pursue the same types of economic policies. The political power of the left and the strength of organized labor still have a marked bearing on macroeconomic policy. Rather than being constrained by internationalization, the relationship between left-labor power and fiscal expansions has increased with greater trade and capital mobility. However, the political left and organized labor have had to pay a price for these expansions. With greater exposure to world market forces, left-labor power has been increasingly associated with lower levels of corporate taxation and with higher interest rates. Nonetheless, common assertions about the demise of partisan politics must be reconsidered.


ABSTRACT United Kingdom (UK) paramedics are in a prime position to identify children and young people who are victims or at risk of sexual abuse. Paramedics have access, by phone, or in person, to unprepared homes and communities which other health professionals such as social workers may not. Little research exists however, investigating UK paramedic confidence in identifying child sexual abuse. This mixed-method explanatory sequential investigation used the self-reported confidence levels of 276 UK paramedics to inform the design of seven semi-structured focus groups with 25 UK paramedics from a large ambulance service with operating models similar to all UK services. Multiple factors contribute to a lack of confidence in identifying child sexual abuse, child sexual exploitation, and female genital mutilation, including a perceived lack of exposure to sexual abuse, the perceived hidden nature of sexual abuse, and the lack of physical symptoms and examination. An overarching lack of knowledge is the most significant contributor to a lack of confidence which in turn perpetuates misinformation surrounding prevalence, location, and the signs and symptoms of sexual abuse. These findings suggest a lack of sufficient training and a need for further research evaluating the content of current training and its method of delivery.


This paper presents a model of how decision-makers interpret stategic issues. The model of strategic issue diagnosis identifies three critical events: activation, assessments of urgency and assessments of feasibility. The relationship of each of these interpretive assessments to the creation of momentum for change allows one to predict if and how organizations will respond to a changed decision environment. The paper further links strategic issue diagnosis to organizational responses by highlighting the systematic effect of two contextual variables—the organization's belief structure and its resources—upon the assessments in diagnosis. In this way, the model of issue diagnosis provides a framework for understanding how and why organizations respond differently to strategic issues.


Integrating Micro-Electro Mechanical System-Inertial Measurement Unit (MEMS-IMU) with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has been a widespread method to achieve cost-effective navigation solution for land vehicles. However, due to the significant and time-varying errors inherent to MEMS inertial sensors, the performance of Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (SINS) based on MEMS-IMU would degrade quickly during the frequent GNSS outages in urban environments. To improve the overall navigation accuracy, this paper proposed a combination of the following two approaches for the loosely coupled integrated system: (1) using the MEMS error coefficients derived from Allan variance analysis for Kalman filter (KF) tuning; and (2) providing additional measurements based on the knowledge of vehicle kinematic features for SINS error correction. In the second method, body velocity constraint and an improved zero velocity updates (ZUPT) method assisted by accelerometers are described. Road tests utilizing an automated vehicle in urban areas demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms for reducing the rapid SINS drifts during GNSS outages.


Rural areas in Lithuania have been experiencing negative changes for some time now: over three decades, the rural population has decreased by 270 thousand; moreover, 2011 data shows that more than 4 rural settlements were no longer inhabited. Rural community organizations (RCO) are often identified as one of the effective tools that can slow down these negative changes and enable development of rural areas. Based on similar essential elements (social capital, identity, leader) RCO can be considered as an institutionalized form of community. They both depend on human resources and their relationships. In 2020, total of 1,887 rural community organizations were registered in Lithuania, their network consisted of 1,745 rural settlements. 118 of these had more than one RCO in their territory, as a result, rural community organizations were clustered in area. The estimated average distance between RCO was 3.7 kilometers. The analysis revealed that a statistically significant part of the RCO is concentrated near municipal administrative centers: at a distance of 10 kilometers from them (that is, 37.3% rural areas of the country), 45.2% of all rural community organizations are concentrated. Due to demographic trends, territorial disparities in representation occur: the smallest representation is in the suburban municipalities near the big cities, and the highest one is in the sparsely populated municipalities of South-Eastern and Northern Lithuania.


Purpose of review The number of cataract surgeries performed globally will continue to rise to meet the needs of an aging population. This increased demand will require healthcare systems and providers to find new surgical efficiencies while maintaining excellent surgical outcomes. Immediately sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS) has been proposed as a solution and is increasingly being performed worldwide. The purpose of this review is to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of ISBCS. Recent findings When appropriate patient selection occurs and guidelines are followed, ISBCS is comparable with delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery in long-term patient satisfaction, visual acuity and complication rates. In addition, the risk of bilateral postoperative endophthalmitis and concerns of poorer refractive outcomes have not been supported by the literature. ISBCS is cost-effective for the patient, healthcare payors and society, but current reimbursement models in many countries create significant financial barriers for facilities and surgeons. Summary As demand for cataract surgery rises worldwide, ISBCS will become increasingly important as an alternative to delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery. Advantages include potentially decreased wait times for surgery, patient convenience and cost savings for healthcare payors. Although they are comparable in visual acuity and complication rates, hurdles that prevent wide adoption include liability concerns as ISBCS is not an established standard of care, economic constraints for facilities and surgeons and inability to fine-tune intraocular lens selection in the second eye. Given these considerations, an open discussion regarding the advantages and disadvantages of ISBCS is important for appropriate patient selection.


Histamine is able to induce spontaneous-like headache attacks in migraine and cluster headache subjects. Therefore, it has been considered as a possible agent in the pathogenesis of headache. Histamine desensitization is used for the treatment of cluster and other chronic headaches like migrains with interparoxysmal headache. However, it is unknown whether desensitization plays a role in headache improvement. Since a disfunction of the opioid system has been considered responsible for idiopathic headache and since low beta-endorphin levels have been demonstrated in some idiopathic headaches, particularly in migraine with interparoxysmal headache, we planned this study to verify if histamine therapy is able to modify serum beta-endorphin concentrations. For this purpose, we studied 24 healthy control subjects and 36 patients suffering from migraine with interparoxysmal headache refractory to conventional therapies. Patients showed baseline serum beta-endorphin levels significantly lower than healthy control subjects and treatment with histamine for 15 days increased their beta-endorphin concentrations. We believe that histamine treatment can activate the opioid endogenous system. However, the therapeutic effect of histamine remains to be verified by evaluating the correlation between beta-endorphin levels and headache improvement.


The marine sands of the Gulf Coast are prolific petroleum reservoirs. Deposition of these sands has taken place during a series of advances and retreats of the sea. A resume of the sedimentation and depositional conditions occurring in a marine advance, or transgression, and in a marine retreat, or regression, is presented. The resulting stratigraphic sequences, the "marine overlap" and "marine offlap" are discussed under ideal conditions, and illustrated by electrical log profiles. Particular reference is made to possibilities for petroleum accumulation as influenced by stratigraphic conditions. Sands deposited in a transgressive sea, such as the "Cockfield," upper Wilcox (Sabinetown), Marginulina-upper Frio, and lower Miocene sands, are believed to present conditions favorable for the migration, accumulation, and recovery of oil. Although sands deposited in a regressive sea, such as parts of the Rockdale (Wilcox), lower Yegua, Vicksburg-lower Frio, and Catahoula, are not considered theoretically as favorable, local structural or environmental conditions may effect excellent reservoirs. The compound features representing a marine invasion followed by a retreat, or the reverse, are also considered and electrical log profiles presented. The economic significance in petroleum geology of the resultant sand wedges and shale wedges is discussed. End_Page 930------------------------------ It is suggested that both local and regional studies of producing horizons be made in the light of the theory of the "marine overlap." End_of_Article - Last_Page 931------------


The author examines the correlation parameters of interest in a direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) communication network using M-ary frequency shift keying (MFSK) modulation. It is shown that the key multi-user interference parameters can be written in terms of cross-correlation functions with respect to a sinusoidal weighting function. The presence of these weighting functions is found to increase the peak cross-correlation of commonly used spreading sequences by a significant amount. One example shows an increase in the peak cross-correlation of 40%.<<ETX>>


Parents play an important role in the youth sport experience. They are responsible for introducing athletes to their sport, providing them with the necessary tools and equipment to participate, and giving them the required financial and emotional support to succeed. Despite this importance, very few studies have examined parents in the sport context. The purpose of the present study was to examine parents' perceptions of their child's sport climate, within the framework of two leading motivational theories: Self-Determination and Achievement Goal Theory.

 The sample was comprised of 325 parents of basketball players participating in the Ontario Basketball provincial championships. Parents were invited to participate in the study through their child's coach, following the team's participation in the championship tournament. The results showed that the more parents perceived that the sport climate was task involved (compared to ego-involved), the more it was related to the perception of coaches' psychological needs supportive interpersonal behaviors (compared to needs thwarting), to their child self-determined motivation in, and in turn, to their perceptions of whether their child would continue playing basketball the following season. The model testing occurred in two phases. In the first phase the model examining the relationship between parents' perceptions of the climate, coach behaviour, and athlete motivation was tested and had a good fit ( χ 2 (83) = 370.43, p < .001, SRMR = .037, CFI = .94, NFI = .92). In the second phase, the likelihood of continuing to play basketball was added to the model and it was tested using a subsample of the larger sample ( n = 139). Again, this model demonstrated adequate fit ( χ 2 (97) = 280.54, p < .001, SRMR = .052, CFI = .91, NFI = .90). The results support that SDT and AGT provide an appropriate framework for examining parents' perceptions of the youth sport context . Acknowledgments: This research was conducted in collaboration with Ontario Basketball and was prepared while the first author was supported by a doctoral scholarship from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC).


ABSTRACT Local governments are responding to top-down policy initiatives from both federal and State governments to reduce emissions, and adapt to any potential impacts of climate change. Although climate change is clearly a global problem, many of the solutions will be implemented at the local level. To explore this issue, the aim of this research was to examine regional variation in climate change response across New South Wales (NSW). To this end, between September 2010 and September 2011, we reviewed publicly available council and regional documentations for all NSW councils. The indicators of response examined were based on the NSW Greenhouse Plan (2005). These were awareness-raising, emissions reduction and adaptation planning. It was found that councils were undertaking many practical projects to fulfil the goals of this plan. As a result, they are abating significant quantities of emissions. Adaptation is progressing through the development of risk-based climate change adaptation plans. Councils are addressing particular areas of management, such as water management, assisted by guidelines which incorporate consideration for climate change as part of best practice. While overall responses to this threat are progressing, a distinct urban bias in action has been observed, due to biases in policy and funding arrangements.


ST segment elevation is associated with non-cardiac pathologies but is not as well reported as myocardial infarction. We present a case of a 63-year-old man who was admitted for an overdose on cyclobenzaprine with signs of anti-cholinergic toxicity. He developed signs of ileus on imaging and became progressively obtunded. He was noted to have ST segment elevations on electrocardiogram (EKG) with no troponin elevation. Patient required urgent catheterization which showed normal coronary arteries. His bowel was decompressed subsequently resulting in resolution of the ST segment changes. Other cases of ST segment elevations with gastrointestinal pathologies including cholecystitis, pancreatitis and gastric dilation have been reported but the etiology is still unclear. This case illustrates the importance of understanding EKGs in the clinical context. ST segment elevation on EKG, if there is contradicting symptomology and lab reports, should be further investigated to prevent unnecessary work-up and potentially dangerous therapies. [Full article available at http://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal-2016-11.asp].


Purpose NHS England (2016) recognises that Early Warning Scores (EWS) aid identification of children at risk of clinical deterioration. NICE (2007) have strongly advised that EWS should be utilised for all inpatients. However, there is limited evidence to support the use of EWS within outpatient care for patients with chronic conditions. Literature recommends teaching patients symptom monitoring skills to recognise elevated heart failure risk. It is imperative that patients are able to identify signs of deterioration and seek appropriate help. Use of a symptom management tool can aid timely identification and management of symptoms, and access to relevant health services (Vincent and Mutsch, 2015). Methods A Traffic Light System is being trialled within the Paediatric Inherited Cardiac Conditions (ICC) Service at Royal Brompton Hospital, developed with the view to act as a EWS for patients to use once discharged post inpatient care. It aims to; identify the severity of patient symptoms, relieve patient anxieties and support patients in taking appropriate actions in response to symptoms. Results A questionnaire will be distributed to families who have used the tool, for the purposes of collecting and analysing data. This will assist in examining the effectiveness of the tool, and will ascertain whether or not it is beneficial for this patient group. Conclusion Working with patients with chronic conditions involves a considerable amount of time supporting them with symptom advice and management. The Traffic Light System aims to empower patients to recognise symptoms, track them, identify early warning scores and for the patient/parents to act appropriately.


INTRODUCTION: The most important aims of root canal preparation are the removal of vital pulp tissue, remaining necrotic debris and infected dentin, eliminating the bulk of bacteria present in the root canal system. The aim of this study was to compare the cleaning efficacy of hand K-Flexofiles and rotary RaCe and K3 instruments in root canal preparation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 single rooted teeth with maximum curvature of <20º were selected and divided into three groups of 20 teeth each. Canals were prepared with K-Flexofiles, K3 and RaCe instruments using crown down preparation technique, up to size #30. After instrumentation, the root canals were flushed with 5 mL of 2.5 % NaOCl solution. The amount of debris and smear layer was quantified on the basis of Hulsmann method using a scanning electron microscope. The data were statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA test at a significance level of P<0.05. RESULTS: None of the three groups achieved completely debrided root canals.. In general, K-Flexofiles were able to achieve cleaner canals compared to K3 and RaCe instruments (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between three groups in smear layer removal throughout the root canal walls (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: K-Flexofiles group had less remained debris when compared to K3 and RaCe instruments.


Although vehicles become more intelligent for convenience and safety of drivers, traffic accidents are increased more and more. Especially, car-to-car single rear impacts in the urban area are increased rapidly because of driver inattention. To prevent rear impacts in the urban area, commercial automobile vendor applies the low-speed short-distance collision warning system. This paper presents low-speed short-distance collision warning algorithm for the city driving by using sensor fusion of laser sensor and ultrasonic sensor. An experiment using embedded microprocessor in the driving track was used to demonstrate the feasibility of the collision warning algorithm.


The purpose of this qualitative case study was to describe and understand the process of nurse educators teaching interprofessional collaboration to student nurses in a Louisiana pre-licensure baccalaureate-nursing program. Components of the theoretical framework for the study included Ray's theory of bureaucratic caring, complexity theory, and transformational learning theory. As interprofessional collaboration is gaining momentum in the healthcare environment, nurse educators can be key players in a teachinglearning dynamic that encourages positive patient outcomes and a changing healthcare paradigm. Findings indicated the majority of nurse educators describe their role in preparing students for interprofessional collaborative practice using classroom, clinical and simulation teaching strategies. Clinical environments were most often described as settings in which students gain the most knowledge through actual participation with the interprofessional team. Findings from this study indicate a need for curriculum changes and enhanced faculty development programs on interprofessional collaboration in nursing education. Nurse educators and nursing programs can learn from this case study to develop teaching strategies to promote conducive interprofessional collaborative learning environments aiding students in the preparation for professional nursing practice.


Motivation: Many bioinformatics algorithms are designed for the analysis of sequences of some uniform length, conventionally referred to as k‐mers. These include de Bruijn graph assembly methods and sequence alignment tools. An efficient algorithm to enumerate the number of unique k‐mers, or even better, to build a histogram of k‐mer frequencies would be desirable for these tools and their downstream analysis pipelines. Among other applications, estimated frequencies can be used to predict genome sizes, measure sequencing error rates, and tune runtime parameters for analysis tools. However, calculating a k‐mer histogram from large volumes of sequencing data is a challenging task. Results: Here, we present ntCard, a streaming algorithm for estimating the frequencies of k‐mers in genomics datasets. At its core, ntCard uses the ntHash algorithm to efficiently compute hash values for streamed sequences. It then samples the calculated hash values to build a reduced representation multiplicity table describing the sample distribution. Finally, it uses a statistical model to reconstruct the population distribution from the sample distribution. We have compared the performance of ntCard and other cardinality estimation algorithms. We used three datasets of 480 GB, 500 GB and 2.4 TB in size, where the first two representing whole genome shotgun sequencing experiments on the human genome and the last one on the white spruce genome. Results show ntCard estimates k‐mer coverage frequencies >15× faster than the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms, using similar amount of memory, and with higher accuracy rates. Thus, our benchmarks demonstrate ntCard as a potentially enabling technology for large‐scale genomics applications. Availability and Implementation: ntCard is written in C ++ and is released under the GPL license. It is freely available at https://github.com/bcgsc/ntCard. Contact: email@example.com or email@example.com Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.


The benefits of peer interaction, support, and feedback in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) for Languages (LMOOCs) are well documented, but there has been little research on peer correction in MOOCs. Classroom-based research suggests that peer corrective feedback has significant potential for language development, but it also identifies a number of conditions for the feedback to be effective, notably a 'positive classroom atmosphere'; this may be hard to achieve on a MOOC, with its diverse cohort and large number of participants. Our mixedmethod study reveals participants' conflicting expectations of learning from their peers on the one hand and actively contributing to their peers' learning on the other. Most participants believe they are not competent to provide helpful corrective feedback, and some think that the expectation to correct creates unwanted pressure and hinders communication. This paper encourages MOOC educators to address the challenge of creating a culture of learning through meaningful interaction whilst also finding ways of exploiting the opportunities offered by constructive peer correction.


Aspirin-intolerant chronic urticaria (AICU) is a common condition among the chronic urticaria population, but the genetic mechanism is not yet understood. In this study, the genotypes and haplotypes of three interleukin (IL)-13 polymorphisms, -1510 A>C, -1055C>T, and Arg110Gln (110G>A), as well as their respective clinical phenotypes were examined to determine whether genetic variants of IL-13 play a role in AICU. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was used to compare IL-13 genotype and allele frequencies among 135 patients with AICU, 146 with aspirin-tolerant chronic urticaria (ATCU), and 430 normal controls (NC). Relationships among the AICU phenotype, atopy, and total IgE level were also investigated. The results failed to show a significant difference in the allele or genotype frequencies between the AICU group and either the ATCU or NC group (P>0.05, respectively). Haplotype analysis confirmed that there was no significant difference among the three study groups (P>0.05), nor was there a significant difference in atopy or total IgE level according to the three genetic polymorphisms (P>0.05, respectively). Our data lead to the conclusion that there is no evidence supporting genetic polymorphisms in IL-13 as a genetic risk factor for the development of AICU.


An atmospheric pressure variant of the coated-wall flow-tube technique in combination with a Monte Carlo simulation is presented. In a performance test of simple first-order wall loss, the Monte Carlo simulation, which uses a simplified model of transport in laminar flow, reproduced results of an analytical solution of the transport equations in a flow tube. This technique was then used to investigate the reversible adsorption of acetone on ice films between 203 and 223 K and a surface coverage of below 5% of a formal monolayer. Simulation of the experimental uptake traces allowed retrieving an adsorption enthalpy of -46 +/- 3 kJ mol(-1) for acetone on ice, which is in good agreement with other static and flow-tube methods. For the experimental conditions adopted here, the transport of acetone molecules along the ice film is governed by equilibrium thermodynamics. Therefore, the surface accommodation coefficient, S(0), and the preexponential factor, tau(0), for the activated desorption cannot be independently determined. These two main microphysical parameters describing partitioning can rather be estimated through their relation to the adsorption entropy. A first estimate for S(0) of acetone on ice in the range of 0.004-0.043 is given.


Atomic-scale sidewalls roughness smoothening thanks to high temperature hydrogen annealing is a key enabler for a low-loss (<0.5 dB/cm) silicon Q-photonics platform. Using this technology, authors report here about high-Q (Ql >4 × 105) silicon micro-resonators for on-chip heralded single-photon bright quantum sources by spontaneous four-wave mixing.


Four kinds of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) derivatives with the similar backbone and different side groups have been synthesized successfully. When both catecholamine and double bond are tethered to polymer backbone, i.e., the PEG backbone, simultaneously, the polymer can accelerate the curing speed of ethyl α-cyanoacrylate (commercially available as 502) greatly under the same conditions (the curing time of such system is no more than 5 s). Probably this is due to the autoxidation of catecholamines. Through the redox-cycling, catecholamines can produce, collect free radicals, and thus initiate the free radical polymerization. Due to the fast-curing of such material when mixed with α-cyanoacrylate, we could design and develop a new bicomponent super bioglue used in the dentistry or other bioenvironment requiring super fast settlement for further surgical operations.


An important problem to date is the dysfunction of meibomian glands in patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of our work was to analyze the prevalence of meibomian gland dysfunction and signs of dry eye disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. We examined 40 patients (80 eyes) with compensated type 2 diabetes mellitus and symptoms of dry eye disease, who made up the main group at the age of 54.00±8.00 years, and 30 patients (60 eyes) of practically healthy people, aged 51.00±8.00 years. All patients underwent visiometry, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, tonometry, compression test to evaluate the secretion of meibomian glands, Schirmer's test for compression before and after 30 min. Afterwards, Norn test, meibography, Demodex mite test, laboratory tests (lipidogram, blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin). In addition, standard OSDI, McMonnies Dry Eye Questionnaire questionnaires were used and an average clipping rate of1 min was determined. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using the license package "Statistica 8.0" using parametric estimation methods. Our study has shown that in patients with diabetes for more than 5 years, dry eye disease occurs more often and is dominated by moderate and severe severity. Each patient in the study group, together with the symptoms of dry eye, had signs of dysfunction of the meibomian glands of varying degrees of severity according to the compression test and objective symptoms of the disease. A significant difference was found between the clipping frequency in the control group and the main one (p≤0.01). Compared with the control group, patients with diabetes have a longer interval between the clipping movements. Meibography data show that patients in the primary group have changes in the meibomian glands in 90% of cases, while in the control group – 44%. Thus, it was found that patients with type 2 diabetes had dysfunction of meibomian glands of moderate severity in 90% of cases, which is associated with the duration of diabetes.


Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA

The Y-Box protein- associated acidic protein (YBAP1), also known as Complement component 1, q subcomponent binding protein, is a multifunctional protein which is involved in in the regulation of complement activation, pre-mRNA splicing and mitochondrial function. As YBAP1 has been implicated in tumorigenesis, this study evaluates its role in breast cancer metastasis. YBAP1 mRNA expression was analysed by quantitative real time RT-PCR and YBAP1 protein by Western blot, immunocytochemical and immunofluorescence staining in a panel of breast cancer cell lines. Down-regulation of the YBAP1 gene in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells was performed by siRNA-mediated silencing and overexpression of the gene by transfection with the pCI-neo-YBAP1 plasmid, before analysis of the effects on cell migration and invasion. YBAP1 gene profiling was also performed in samples from the commercially available TissueScan Human Breast Cancer Panel 1 (Origene, Rockville, MD). YBAP1 immunohistochemical staining was carried out in breast cancer tissue microarrays constructed from 168 patients diagnosed with invasive ductal breast carcinoma. The YBAP1 immunostaining was performed using rabbit polyclonal anti-YBAP1 (RIKEN) at a dilution of 1:500. The percentage and intensity of YBAP1 immunopositive staining in malignant epithelial cells were recorded. YBAP1 was observed to be expressed in all the breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, ZR-75, T47D and MDA-MB-231) examined. The protein was observed to be localized in the cytoplasm of breast cancer cells. Overexpression of YBAP1 increased cell migration and invasion in the highly malignant MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Conversely silencing of the YBAP1 gene had the opposite effect, resulting in reduced cell migration and invasion. YBAP1 gene expression was also found to be up-regulated in the more advanced stages of breast cancer (grouped as Stage 0, I and IIa and compared with Stage II b, IIIa and IIIc; P <0.05). For the tissue microarrays, a positive correlation was observed between YBAP1 immunostaining and axillary lymph node status. YBAP1 augments the spread of breast cancer by enhancing cell migration and invasion. Hence, YBAP1 is a potential metastatic biomarker and targeting YBAP1 could be a strategy to combat breast cancer metastasis.

Citation Format: Olivia J. Scully, Aye Aye Thike, George Wai-Cheong Yip, Puay Hoon Tan, Ken Matsumoto, Boon Huat Bay. Y-box protein-associated acidic protein promotes breast cancer progression and is a potential molecular target. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1992. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1992


Between the ninth and seventh centuries BCE, the Neo-Assyrian Empire became the largest the world had yet seen. In the process of imperial conquest, the Assyrian state incorporated previously foreign territories and people into their world. Landscapes, materials, and the labor of conquered bodies became a part of the Assyrian royal palaces of northern Iraq, both as elements of their construction and as themes emphasized within the extensive visual programs of the palace reliefs. Within and through visual depiction of enemy bodies and foreign landscapes, in the process of being (often violently) reshaped by Assyrian hands, Neo-Assyrian kings brought the farthest reaches of their world into the center of imperial power. This article considers how specific strategies of representation in palace art allowed the Assyrian palace to serve as a microcosm of the empire and a map of its borders. Palace art emphasized the remade, reworked, or recreated, defining "Assyrianness" as that which remakes and has been remade. As a central act of remaking, I examine representations of captive or submissive foreigners, whose presence in the reliefs commemorates their humiliation while compounding and enhancing it in the very ways that these figures are depicted: cringing, deficient, and physiologically incorrect. I pay particular attention to examples from the late King Ashurbanipal's reign, in which foreign leaders are singled out through representation with distinctive facial features. I argue that this act of (literally) drawing distinctions was an inherently imperial process, one that both expressed and enabled an ideology of expansion and control.


PURPOSE
To study the effect of antiretroviral drugs administered during pregnancy on CD4 lymphocyte counts and HIV-1 RNA levels of pregnant women and on the anthropometric parameters of their neonates.

METHODS
A prospective study was conducted on 57 pregnant women and their neonates divided into 3 groups: ZDV Group, HIV-infected mothers taking zidovudine (n=20); triple therapy (TT) Group, mothers taking zidovudine+lamivudine+nelfinavir (n=25), and Control Group, normal women (n=12). CD4 lymphocyte counts and HIV-1 RNA levels of pregnant women were analyzed during two periods of pregnancy. The perinatal prognosis took into account preterm rates, birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, perinatal death, and vertical transmission of HIV-1. Data were analyzed statistically using the nonparametric chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Friedman, Kruskal-Wallis, and Wilcoxon matched pairs tests, with the level of significance set at P<.05.

RESULTS
The major maternal demographic and anthropometric data were homogeneous for the various groups. HIV-1 viral burden, which was initially elevated, median of 14,370 copies/mL, was significantly reduced in the TT group, reaching 40 copies/mL. With respect to T-CD4+ lymphocyte counts, there was a significant recovery in Group TT at the end of pregnancy, this value being significantly different from that for the ZDV group (P=0052). There was no difference between groups regarding gestation length, Apgar scores, or neonatal anthropometric classification. There was no case of vertical HIV-1 transmission.

CONCLUSIONS
The results obtained for the present series demonstrate the efficiency and suggest safety of the use of antiretroviral drugs during pregnancy as revealed by anthropometric parameters of the neonate.


Turkey is the world leader in the manufacture and export of seedless raisins. Requirement of golden bleached raisins is increasing in food Industry of especially cake, bread and pastry year by year. In this research, the lowest residual value and the practical realization of such production was intended to determine by drying grapes with application of sulphur. In this case, sulphur residue and colour situations were determined during 12-mounth-storage according to sulphur forms. In this study sulphur studies were applied by Vitis Vinifera cv. "Sultani Cekirdeksiz" with Na2 S 2 O 5 , which is liquid source of sulphur and SO 2 , which is gas source of sulphur. SO 2 application were studied during 3, 6 and 8 hours and liquid form of sulphur is Na 2 S 2 O 5 that was used during by 10, 20 and 30 minutes. Applications were prepared with 3 replicates which contain 20 kg fresh grape in each replicate. In conclusion, changes in dried grape have been identified in point of colour (chroma and hue) and the sulphur content was determined according to sulphur forms in packing. Gas form of sulphur (SO2 ) which was applied 3 hours, gave the best result during 12-mounth-storage for colour and sulphur residue.


Objective Increasing evidence highlights the significance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the progression of atherosclerosis (AS). Our aim was to probe out the role and regulatory mechanism of miR-29a-3p in AS. Methods An in vivo model of AS was conducted by high-fat diet ApoE−/− mice. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein- (ox-LDL-) exposed vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were utilized as an in vitro of AS. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were detected. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's staining was presented to investigate the pathological changes. miR-29a-3p and TNFRSF1A expression was detected by RT-qPCR. Proliferative, migrated, and invaded abilities of VSMCs were determined via a series of assays. The interaction between miR-29a-3p and TNFRSF1A was verified through luciferase reporter assay. Results Upregulated miR-29a-3p and downregulated TNFRSF1A were found both in vitro and in vivo models of AS. miR-29a-3p mimic distinctly decreased the serum levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C and increased serum HDL-C levels. Moreover, its overexpression could ameliorate plaque formation of AS mice. In ox-LDL-induced VSMCs, miR-29a-3p overexpression notably decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, which was reversed by TNFRSF1A overexpression. Also, miR-29a-3p could directly target the 3′UTR of TNFRSF1A. Conclusion miR-29a-3p overexpression ameliorated plaque formation of AS and suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion of ox-LDL-induced VSMCs via TNFRSF1A, which offered novel insights into the progression of AS.


Introduction: Paracetamol is one of the most used antipyretic- analgesic preparation, which can be found in different pharmaceutical forms and in different doses. Due to its wide utilization in the clinical practice, determination of paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulation is of a great importance since that over dosage with paracetamol may cause the hepatic fulminant necroses and other toxic effects. Material and methods: Study has included two formulations of paracetamol suppositories with doses of 125 mg widely used in the paediatric practice. Suppositories prepared according to these two formulations by the melting method and spilling into forms was subject to the quality control by implementing a series of trials and analyses for that aim, such are: reactions of identification, average mass, disintegration time, and homogeneity whilst quantitative determination was performed by applying two methods of instrumental analyze: spectrophotometry in UV zone and cromatography in liquid phase with high pressure. Results and discussion: Results of these analyses, performed immediately following the preparation and 3 months after the preparation, showed that content of paracetamol in both of two formulations is within the norms of Pharmacopoeia. Suppositories of paracetamol in doses of 125 mg prepared as per formulation 1 are to be considered as more appropriate because it contains semi synthetic glycerides as excipient which has better features than other suppository excipients.


In this paper we check the relationship between the yields of the Colombian bonds traded in the (secondary) internal market and the yields of the sovereign global securities for the sample period 1999-2001. The hypothesis we maintain is that, under the assumption of capital mobility, it should exist a comovement between the two yields that we effectively find. However, the results suggest that capital mobility is much less than perfect. By invoking concepts of immunization and duration we find evidence of a TAR adjustment cointegration between the two yields plus a constant risk premium for bonds with maturity in 2003 and a symmetric adjustment cointegration between the yields of securities with maturity in 2004. Since the assets are issued by the same issuer (the Colombian Government) the country or credit risks is the same for the bonds we consider that the risk premium is purely connected to currency risks: exchange-rate and inflation risks.


Abstract Question: A set of easily-measured ('soft') plant traits has been identified as potentially useful predictors of ecosystem functioning in previous studies. Here we aimed to discover whether the screening techniques remain operational in widely contrasted circumstances, to test for the existence of axes of variation in the particular sets of traits, and to test for their links with 'harder' traits of proven importance to ecosystem functioning. Location: central-western Argentina, central England, northern upland Iran, and north-eastern Spain. Recurrent patterns of ecological specialization: Through ordination of a matrix of 640 vascular plant taxa by 12 standardized traits, we detected similar patterns of specialization in the four floras. The first PCA axis was identified as an axis of resource capture, usage and release. PCA axis 2 appeared to be a size-related axis. Individual PCA for each country showed that the same traits remained valuable as predictors of resource capture and utilization in all of them, despite their major differences in climate, biogeography and land-use. The results were not significantly driven by particular taxa: the main traits determining PCA axis 1 were very similar in eudicotyledons and monocotyledons and Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae. Links between recurrent suites of 'soft' traits and 'hard' traits: The validity of PCA axis 1 as a key predictor of resource capture and utilization was tested by comparisons between this axis and values of more rigorously established predictors ('hard' traits) for the floras of Argentina and England. PCA axis 1 was correlated with variation in relative growth rate, leaf nitrogen content, and litter decomposition rate. It also coincided with palatability to model generalist herbivores. Therefore, location on PCA axis 1 can be linked to major ecosystem processes in those habitats where the plants are dominant. Conclusion: We confirm the existence at the global scale of a major axis of evolutionary specialization, previously recognised in several local floras. This axis reflects a fundamental trade-off between rapid acquisition of resources and conservation of resources within well-protected tissues. These major trends of specialization were maintained across different environmental situations (including differences in the proximate causes of low productivity, i.e. drought or mineral nutrient deficiency). The trends were also consistent across floras and major phylogenetic groups, and were linked with traits directly relevant to ecosystem processes. Nomenclature: Bolòs et al. (1990); Flora Iranica (1963 onwards); Stace (1991); Zuloaga et al. (1994); Zuloaga & Morrone (1996, 1999).


. The number of zero energy buildings (ZEBs) with photovoltaic panels is on the increase. However, in high-rise building which has low ratio of roof area to total floor area, power consumption of the building exceeds electric-generating capacity of photovoltaic panels. For that reason, it is necessary to increase the solar panel area by installing photovoltaic panels on the wall or window. The purpose of this study is to develop the airflow type photovoltaic system with solar shading effect. First, we develop the external louver integrated with the photovoltaic panel which can generate power, recover heat from the panel, and block sunlight into the room. The external louver has holes at the top and bottom to cause natural convection inside the louver which cools the photovoltaic panel and improves the power generation efficiency of the panel. In addition, by taking warm air through the louvers into the room, the heating load of the building will be also reduced. Then, to verify the system, outdoor actual measurement was performed and compared with the non-airflow type photovoltaic system. As the result, ventilation rate through the louver was approximately 4.53 m 3 /h, and power generation efficiency of the airflow type photovoltaic system was increased 1.70 times than the non-airflow type one.


Test of fast pyrolysis at bed reactor fluidized were carried out with sugar cane using air as fluidizing agent, where three bands were used to adjust the valve opening to control air flow to the reactor. The objective was to evaluate the yields of bio-oil and fine charcoal depending on the flow of air, in which it was measured with an orifice plate. The temperature profiles and pressure inside the reactor were also monitored. The pyrolysis plant where the tests were conducted belongs to the School of Agricultural Engineering at the University of Campinas (UNICAMP), being installed at the Laboratory of Thermodynamics and Energy. The reactor has a nominal capacity of 200 kg.h-1 of biomass and operates on auto-thermal regime, consuming between 10% and 15% of the biomass to supply heat to the process. The values of temperature and pressure increased, as well the amount of biomass burned to supply heat. It was observed that the total biomass fed into the reactor presented decreased in relation to increased air flow, as well as the gravimetric income of fines charcoal and bio-oil.


: The primary objective of colonoscopy is to determine and cut out the pre-cancerous lesions. Failure to find and remove polyps and early cancers results in a delayed cancer diagnosis and treatment, with the potential for poor patient outcomes and the risk of litigation [1]. The delayed diagnosis and treatment results in failure to spot and cut off the tumor with the potential for poor patient outcomes and the risk of litigation. From recent years, industry has doing aggressive training for better up gradation to magnify the execution of augmented endoscopy. The term augmented endoscopy contains many innovations. The augmented endoscopy comprise of optical filtering, topical dyes, zoom magnification and could be used for many other gastrointestinal lesions. For example minute structure of crypts on the mucosal surface and superficial micro-vessels [3,4,5] This type of advanced endoscopic has come up with new instruments for identifying the abnormalities in the size, density, and shape of crypts and vessels in either the normal colon or a tumor lesion. For colorectal screening and diagnosis, colonoscopy is a universally accepted method


With the increase in the number of employer liability claims there is a need for all health care organisations to demonstrate that they can meet the requirements of NHS health and safety issues (HSG(97)6).


There is more technological company being open recently. It is because of the improving in technology. The technology nowadays can become one of the sources of income in business. In the technology based company, there are a lot of confidential information that need to be kept as secret. The confidential information can be said as trade secret. Trade secret is defined as any formula, pattern, devices or complication of information which is used in one's business and which gives him an opportunity to obtain an advantage over competitor who do not know or use it (Andrew Beckerman-Rodau, 1996). In the company, the trade secret can be stealing by other. There are people had their intention to steal the trade secret. There are a lot of threats even the company employee itself. So, the protection of trade secret is important. The use of trade secret in the technological based company is studied. The research is studied on the effectiveness of the trade secret and the trade secret protective measure that been taken by the company. The use of qualitative method that is interview is chose to complete the research. Melaka become the area where there are a lot of technological based companies as the location of the research. The data will be collected and analyze from the interview with the company representative. The finding of the research is from the respond of the company representative in the interview.


Opinion formation in social networks has changed in a more rigorous way due to the inception of Online Social Networks (OSNs) as a platform of generating and sharing huge amount of contents as well as easy and ubiquitous access to varied information sources. Our opinions are not only updated through interactions with our neighbours in OSNs, but also shaped by the opinions received from information sources external to the native OSNs. Current models only consider the neighbours' influence in opinion evolution, thus lack the impact of other information sources, e.g., news media, Web search, bulletin board, discussion forum on opinion formation. They consider individual opinion distances to model the influence among interactive neighbours, but fail to capture the influence of majority supported opinions and its possible impact in opinion evolution. Our model explicitly captures the effect of external sources on opinion formation in an OSN. We combine the implication of most perceived opinions in terms of consistency along with opinion distance to emulate the influence of different opinion sources. Consistency is measured by the entropy of opinions derived from a particular source type. Simulation results show that our model properly captures the consensus, polarization and fragmentation properties of opinion evolution. Finally, we investigate the influence of stubborn agents on opinion formation and compare it with a contemporary model.


In this study, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a biosynthetic hydrogel system that consists of a thermally responsive macromer and biological cross-linkers. By combining a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based thermogelling macromer with epoxy pendant groups and chondroitin sulfate cross-linkers that are modified to contain either hydrazide or N-hydroxysuccinimide pendant groups, we successfully fabricated a system that undergoes gelation when the temperature is raised from room temperature to 37 °C and is further stabilized via covalent links between the macromers. The anionic charge on chondroitin sulfate contributed to a high degree of gel swelling, while the cross-linking reaction between the macromers prevented post-formation syneresis. The rate of degradation of CS-cross-linked hydrogels was dependent on the degree of substitution of hydrazide-modified chondroitin sulfate cross-linkers. A higher molar content of chondroitin sulfate led to a greater osmotic pressure within the hydrogel and thus a higher compressive modulus. On the other hand, excessive amounts of chondroitin sulfate caused time-dependent cytotoxicity, as confirmed by a leachables cytocompatibility study. Overall, the system described in this study provides a versatile platform to synthesize hydrogels with differing combinations of compressive moduli and rates of degradation, which is achievable by varying the degree of substitution of hydrazide groups on CS-based cross-linkers.


In this study I have used land use classification of thanjvur Taluk, Thanjavur district, Tamil nadu. The years 2000-2007 to calculate how to changes of land use mainly in Thanjavur taluk, Thanjavur district ,Tamil nadu, I have employed GIS arc Info to digitize the maps and GIS-arc view to process the data combining with other analytical measurements to display the result. land use classification, Geographical information system, and some cartography models.


Feed represents a large percentage of the cost of production; therefore, ration formulation is a very important aspect of animal production. Diet formulation allows nutritionist to develop that can be eaten and utilized by the animal to provide an economically feasible level of production. For diets contain few feedstuffs and in which the nutritional parameters, such as energy and protein. Compound feed is mixtures of feed materials, for oral animal feeding in the form of complete or complementary feedstuffs. The present reviews covers information on ration formulation and how to prepare compound feed.


Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous Ca (2+)-sensor protein that binds and activates the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes. We have used fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to examine the conformational transitions of CaM induced by its binding to synthetic nitric oxide synthase (NOS) CaM-binding domain peptides and full length heme-free constitutive NOS (cNOS) enzymes over a range of physiologically relevant free Ca (2+) concentrations. We demonstrate for the first time that the domains of CaM collapse when associated with Ca (2+)-independent inducible NOS CaM-binding domain, similar to the previously solved crystal structures of CaM bound to the Ca (2+)-dependent cNOS peptides. We show that the association of CaM is not detectable with the cNOS peptides at low free Ca (2+) concentrations (<40 nM). In contrast, we demonstrate that CaM associates with the cNOS holo-enzymes in the absence of Ca (2+) and that the Ca (2+)-dependent transition occurs at a lower free Ca (2+) concentration with the cNOS holo-enzymes. Our results suggest that other regions outside of the CaM-binding domain in the cNOS enzymes are involved in the recruitment and binding of CaM. We also demonstrate that CaM binds to the cNOS enzymes in a sequential manner with the Ca (2+)-replete C-lobe binding first followed by the Ca (2+)-replete N-lobe. This novel FRET study helps to clarify some of the observed similarities and differences between the Ca (2+)-dependent/independent interaction between CaM and the NOS isozymes.


Joubert syndrome is a rare genetic neurologic disorder associated with hypoplasia or absence of the cerebellar vermis. The classic form is characterized by ataxia, hypotonia, eye movement abnormalities, developmental delay, and abnormal breathing patterns. In contrast, other patients have the additional feature of kidney cysts. This population could represent a distinct form of Joubert syndrome. One case of Joubert syndrome with subcortical neuroepithelial cysts was recently described. We report a new case of Joubert syndrome with overlapping features, including diffuse progressive central nervous system neuroepithelial cysts and kidney cysts. Our data suggest that neuroepithelial cysts occur in conjunction with Joubert syndrome associated with kidney cysts.


Abstract Endocrine-disrupting chemicals, known to be present in the environment, have great potential for interfering with reproductive health in wildlife and humans. There is, however, little direct evidence that endocrine disruption has adversely affected fertility in any organism. In freshwater and estuarine fish species, for example, although a widespread incidence of intersex has been reported, it is not yet known if intersexuality influences reproductive success. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to determine gamete quality in wild intersex roach (Rutilus rutilus) by assessing sperm characteristics, fertilization success, and ability to produce viable offspring. The results clearly demonstrate that gamete production is reduced in intersex roach. A significantly lower proportion of moderately or severely feminized fish (17.4% and 33.3%, respectively) were able to release milt compared with normal male fish from contaminated rivers (in which 97.6% of the males were able to release milt), reference male fish (97.7%), or less severely feminized intersex fish (experiment 1: 85.8%, experiment 2: 97%). Intersex fish that did produce milt produced up to 50% less (in terms of volume per gram of testis weight) than did histologically normal male fish. Moreover, sperm motility (percentage of motile sperm and curvilinear velocity) and the ability of sperm to successfully fertilize eggs and produce viable offspring were all reduced in intersex fish compared with normal male fish. Male gamete quality (assessed using sperm motility, sperm density, and fertilization success) was negatively correlated with the degree of feminization in intersex fish (r = −0.603; P < 0.001) and was markedly reduced in severely feminized intersex fish by as much as 50% in terms of motility and 75% in terms of fertilization success when compared with either less severely feminized intersex fish or unaffected male fish. This is the first evidence documenting a relationship between the morphological effects (e.g., intersex) of endocrine disruption and the reproductive capabilities of any wild vertebrate. The results suggest that mixtures of endocrine-disrupting substances discharged into the aquatic environment could pose a threat to male reproductive health.


The composition of carotenoids in three different flesh colored watermelon cultivars was studied. The carotenoids were separated by column and thin layer chromatography and identified by order absorption affinities on the column and by their absorption spectra. The contents and kinds of carotenoids were as follows;1. The red fleshed watermelon cultivar'Asahiyamato'contained about 35-50μg/g lycopene as the major pigment; a small amount of xanthophylls and a slight amount of phytofluene, β-carotene, ρ-carotene and γ-carotene were present.2. The major pigment in orange fleshed watermelon cultivar'Kaho'was β-carotene (14μ/g); phytofluene, ρ-carotene, γ-carotene, xanthophylls and lycopene were also present in small amounts.3. In the yellow fleshed watermelon cultivar'Ogon, 'the main components was β-carotene (0.5μg/g) and xanthophylls(2μg/g); phytofluene and lycopene were detected in trace amounts.


This paper focuses on the link between Roland Barthes's reflection on photography and the essential characteristics of psychoanalytic case studies. The case study, like the photograph, seeks to take hold of something nearly intangible. It attempts to capture in time, space, and language something whose dynamic presence remains elusive. The attempt to capture this object often strips it of its essence. Case studies may be accurate on their face while giving us the unpleasant sense that they have "deadened" their object in the process. This paper attempts to clarify what is dropped from the picture that the psychoanalytic writing is trying to take. The relation between the "cultural context" (the Studium) and the freedom to puncture and undermine this context in psychoanalytic writing is discussed through a fresh reading of Georges Perec's "W, or the Memory of Childhood" and through clinical vignettes by Ronald Britton and Michael Eigen.


Event processing application development is a relatively new discipline that poses challenges when applying state-of-the-art software engineering practices. Specifically, the temporal semantics of event processing requires careful validation of the actual behavior against the expected behavior to avoid temporal fallacies. Event processing application development is typically an evolutional process; modifications and extensions to existing applications are very common, thus continuous validation and verification against the requirements and specifications is often required. While small applications are relatively easy to maintain, modifying and extending larger applications with tens and hundreds of assets may be laborious and error-prone. Part of the contemporary platforms has support for modeling, debugging, and testing event processing applications. However, they typically do not practice advanced methods for application validation for correctness and logical integrity.
 We introduce a novel approach for analyzing the behavior of event processing applications, utilizing static and dynamic analysis techniques, thus providing an ability to draw observations such as: finding event consequences and provenance, possible termination problems, tracing event impact, application artifacts evaluation and coverage. Formal verification methods are leveraged for advanced logical integrity observations. Combined with the techniques mentioned above, this forms a powerful framework for the verification, validation, and auditing of event processing applications.


Cysticercosis, a parasitic disease caused by larval form of Taenia solium, is a major health concern in the developing world. The encysted larval stage can affect any part of the body, but are most frequently detected in brain, eye, skeletal muscle and subcutaneous tissue. Most muscular cysticercosis are almost always associated with central nervous system involvement or with multiple intramuscular cysts or both. Here we report an unusual case of cysticercosis in right rectus muscle which was an isolated muscle involvement without any other systemic manifestation.


The structure of a complex of photosystem I (PSI) of cyanobacteria and the mechanisms of the functioning of the antenna and PSI reaction site were described. The complex of PSI in thylakoids of cyanobacteia is organized as a trimer whose antenna is enriched in long-wave chlorophylls. The energy absorbed by these chlorophyls migrates to P700, inducing its oxidation. Long-wave chlorophyls are also involved in the dissipation of excessive energy; both the cation radical of P700 and the triplet of P700 effectively quench the fluorescence of long-wave chlorophyll of PSI. The energy exchange between the antennas of monomers in the trimer of PSI stimulates the dissipation of electron excitation energy, protecting the complex against photodestruction. The kinetics of energy migration in the antenna and charge separation in the reaction site of PSI trimers was studied using subpicosecond spectroscopy. Long-wave chlorophylls of PSI do not substantially affect the energy migration in the heterogeneous antenna of PSI but slow down the capture of energy of P700. The separation of changes in the reaction site of PSI is the most rapid among the known reaction sites.


The polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M protein, skin changes (POEMS) syndrome is a rare multisystemic disorder associated with osteosclerotic myeloma and multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). Human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) DNA sequences have been detected in lymph nodes of about 40% of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patients with MCD, and in bone marrow stromal cells of patients with multiple myeloma. Considering these data, we investigated the presence of HHV-8 in 18 patients with POEMS syndrome (9 with MCD), by nested polymerase chain reaction (N-PCR) to detect DNA sequenses in various cells and tissues obtained by biopsy or at autopsy (13 patients, of whom 7 had MCD), and by an immunofluorescence assay to detect anti-HHV-8 IgG antibodies in blood (18 patients, of whom 9 had MCD). Detection of HHV-8 DNA was performed using three different N-PCR, targeting nonoverlapping regions in open reading frame (ORF) 25 and ORF26. Seven of 13 (54%) POEMS patients had HHV-8 DNA sequences in their tissues, as assessed by all three N-PCR, and 9 of 18 (50%) had circulating anti-HHV-8 antibodies. HHV-8 was mainly detected in the subset of POEMS patients with MCD (6 of 7 [85%] for DNA sequences; 7 of 9 [78%] for antibodies). The percentage of positive N-PCR was higher in lymph nodes than in bone marrow samples (P <.02). Sequencing of amplicons showed a homogeneous restricted variability in the ORF26 region, characteristic of the minority subgroup B defined by Zong, and responsible for isoleucine and glycine substitutions at amino acid positions 134 and 167. These findings strongly suggest an association of HHV-8 infection with POEMS syndrome-associated MCD.


Previous reports have shown the prevalence of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) subgroup I isolates in China. Here the complete genome of a new CMV isolate from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) named CMV-SL was characterized and its comparative phylogenetic analysis with reference CMV isolates clustered it with subgroup II strains. CMV-SL showed high sequence identity with subgroup II isolates in RNA-1 (97-98%), RNA-2 (97-98%) and RNA-3 (95-97%). The corresponding regions were further compared. The results showed that the coding and non-coding regions of CMV-SL had high identity with other subgroup II strains. The 3'UTR of RNA-3 was the most variable region, and contained most of the observed variation. In addition, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis of CMV is reported for the first time, showing that CMV has typical SNPs, which is a common form of genetic variation between isolates. We also estimated the ω ratios of non-synonymous and synonymous substitutions of CMV subgroup II strains. We found that negative selection was the predominant evolutionary force operating upon coding regions. However, strong positive selection was identified in the coat protein (CP) of CMV subgroup II.


We discuss a novel framework for policy based scheduling in resource allocation of grid computing. The framework has several features. First, Efficient resource usage management is achieved by assigning usage quotas to intended users. Second, the scheduling strategy can control the request assignment to grid resources by adjusting resource usage accounts or request priorities. Third, quality of service feature allows special privileges to various classes of requests, users, groups, etc. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the usefulness of the framework.


ANG II induces a rise in cytosolic Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)) in vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells via inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP(3)R) activation and release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The Ca(2+) signal is augmented by calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) and by cyclic adeninediphosphate ribose (cADPR), which sensitizes the ryanodine-sensitive receptor (RyR) to Ca(2+) to further amplify CICR. cADPR is synthesized from beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) by a membrane-bound bifunctional enzyme, ADPR cyclase. To investigate the possibility that ANG II activates the ADPR cyclase of afferent arterioles, we used inhibitors of the IP(3)R, RyR, and ADPR cyclase. Afferent arterioles were isolated from rat kidney with the magnetized microsphere and sieving technique and loaded with fura-2 to measure [Ca(2+)](i). In Ca(2+)-containing buffer, ANG II increased [Ca(2+)](i) by 125 +/- 10 nM. In the presence of the IP(3)R antagonists TMB-8 and 2-APB, the peak responses to ANG II were reduced by 74 and 81%, respectively. The specific antagonist of cADPR 8-Br ADPR and a high concentration of ryanodine (100 microM) inhibited the ANG II-induced increases in [Ca(2+)](i) by 75 and 69%, respectively. Nicotinamide and Zn(2+) are known inhibitors of the VSM ADPR cyclase. Nicotinamide diminished the [Ca(2+)](i) response to ANG II by 66%. In calcium-free buffer, Zn(2+) reduced the ANG II response by 68%. Simultaneous blockade of the IP(3) and cADPR pathways diminished the [Ca(2+)](i) response to ANG II by 83%. We conclude that ANG II initiates Ca(2+) mobilization from the SR in afferent arterioles via the classic IP(3)R pathway and that ANG II may lead to activation of the ADPR cyclase to form cADPR, which, via its action on the RyR, substantially augments the Ca(2+) response.


In this study 70 male students were participated to determine the thyroid disorder through ultrasonography. Thyroid scan was done in 70 students prospectively with no indicative of thyroid disease (age of 19 - 23 yrs). Thyroid scan for students who participated the study took place in the department of Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University by using an IU 22 Philips ultrasound machine with a 5 - 12 MHz linear transducer. Among the total number of the subjects, 26% was found with abnormal ultrasound findings, 17% of them with cystic nodule, while solid and mixed nodule represented 4% for each. The high rate of abnormal findings of thyroid gland in the study suggested that screening using ultrasound scan was useful in detecting early thyroid disorders.


ABSTRACT Ovarian maturity, egg development and brood size were analysed for three isolated populations (Madeira, the Canary Islands and Cape Verde Islands) of Plesionika edwardsii (Decapoda, Pandalidae) in the eastern Atlantic. Multiple colour patterns were observed at the same ovarian maturity stage, which was verified histologically, invalidating the extensive use of ovarian colour as a maturity stage criterion. The physiological size at sexual maturity, based on the maturity of the ovaries, was higher in Madeira (carapace length of 19.73 mm) and decreased to the Cape Verdes (16.39 mm). Synchronic ovarian maturation was observed during the embryo incubation process, and ovigerous females bearing embryos at the final stage of development were found throughout the year. Females are multiple spawners during the reproductive season, after which the reproductive process ends and a rest period begins. The absence of females larger than the size at sexual maturity with ovaries in Stage 1, the incubation of embryos in the final developmental stages, suggests that the resting period begins with a process that reabsorbs the energy located in the ovaries and that the resting period occurs asynchronously in females in each of the studied populations. Embryo size was independent of female body size in the three populations studied, but increased with the developmental stage. A power equation was used to describe the relationship between brood size and female body size in the three areas studied. The mean number of external Stage I embryos carried by females decreased from Madeira (n = 7868) to the Cape Verdes (n = 3781), where less energy, in terms of the number of embryos and the size of the eggs, was invested in reproduction. Although female size decreases from north to south, the egg number was higher in Madeira than in the Cape Verdes for the same size range.


Total change in production and productivity are the two important dimensions of benefits of watershed development programmes along with the conservation of land and water resources. To segregate the impact of various watershed based interventions on crop productivity a study was carried out in Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh. Data were collected from 240 farmers' selected from eight watersheds and eight control villages in the region using a multi-stage random sampling technique. Analysis of data indicates that implementation of watershed development programmes led to significant differences in productivity of major crops in the sampled watersheds. Decomposition analysis of difference in returns from crop enterprises between watersheds and control villages indicates that the contribution of technological component was positive and higher than the contribution of input differentials which signifies that with the existing level of input use in the control areas, the farmers could have increased the returns from crops on implementation of watershed development programmes. This calls for a wider coverage of watershed development programmes in order to bring all the areas under land treatment activities for improving the productivity


Culture shock involves a powerful, transformative process that takes place at both the individual and societal levels as important cultural forces are clashing. This article provides an account of the impact that culture shock has on individual identity and invites reflection on the social implications of culturally diverse encounters. A theoretical framework represented by the stages of culture shock developed by Paul Pedersen (2018) is described, and examples from the author's personal and professional experiences are used as illustrations. In the effort to learn more about ourselves and the dynamic world in which we live, the author suggests that becoming more aware of and sensitive to the experience of culture shock can facilitate the development of expanded, more inclusive identities.


Purpose
This paper aims to examine whether perceived brand innovativeness has a positive effect on new product evaluations, which individual variables mediate and moderate this effect and whether perceived brand innovativeness is reinforced by new product launch.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 387 adults residing in France took part in a two-stage study. The two-stage research design aimed to investigate the effect of the introduction of a new product on brand perceptions. The innovation context used to test the hypotheses was the launch of a new electricity meter in the French market.

Findings
Brand innovativeness affects the way consumers evaluate new products launched by the brand. This effect is mediated by perceived newness and moderated by functional, hedonic and social consumer innovativeness. In addition, attitudes toward the brand improve as a result of the new product launch.

Research limitations/implications
Future research should test these hypotheses with other product categories and populations to provide external validity for the results and further investigate lack of support for some of the hypotheses.

Practical implications
The study's findings highlight that the ability to develop and launch innovative products is not only know-how that is critical to innovation management but also a brand attribute stored in consumers' minds that facilitates acceptance of the brand's future new products.

Originality/value
This research addresses the underexplored question of how brand innovativeness and new product launch are interrelated. Extensive research has indeed shown the importance of customer-based brand equity and brand knowledge in evaluation and acceptance of new products. However, research on customer-based brand equity so far has paid limited attention to brand innovativeness. This research provides new findings on the relationship between brand innovativeness and new product evaluations.


The paper is a review of the progress made over the past years in the understanding of electrical processes occurring during epileptic seizures as elicited by the local application of penicillin. The events at the cellular level of the neocortex are discussed, as well as cortico-subcortical relationships and microtopography of the seizure patterns. The increased excitability under penicillin induces a great number of feedback processes, the electrical effects of which become visible in the seizure EEG with its high degree of organization. Neocortical architectonics is of great importance for the shape of the potentials and their distribution. Seizure patterns of different shape are found in the different layers of the cortex.


In this paper, we extend the individual recognition error minimization criteria, MDE/MIE/MSE [1] in word-level and apply them to word recognition and verification tasks, respectively. In order to effectively reduce potential errors in word-level, we expand the training token selection scheme to be more appro-priate for word-level learning framework, by taking into ac-count neighboring words and by covering internal phonemes in each training word. Then, we examine the proposed word-level learning criteria on the TIMIT word recognition task and further investigate individual rejection performance of the recognition errors in utterance verification (UV). Experimental results confirm that each of the word-level objective criteria results in primarily reducing the corresponding target error type, respectively. The rejection rates of insertion and substitution errors are also improved within MIE and MSE criteria, which lead to additional word error rate reduction after the rejection.


We investigated the applicability of high-Tc superconducting bulk magnets to the superconducting Maglev system. A bulk superconductor needs to generate as high a magnetic field as possible to obtain a powerful bulk magnet. The bulk magnet requires a larger external coil and larger power supply, and has a problem that large electromagnetic force is applied to the bulk in the process of magnetization. Therefore, a relatively small magnetic field is preferable to magnetize a high-Tc bulk superconductor. In this study, we magnetized a melt-processed YBCO bulk superconductor by repeated pulsed-magnetic field while controlling its temperature. In this method, a comparatively small pulsed-magnetic field was repeatedly applied to the bulk while lowering the temperature of the bulk from the critical level at intervals of magnetization. For example, the TBCO bulk was magnetized by a series of seven pulsed-magnetic fields, while temperature was lowered from 94 K to 82 K at intervals of 2 K. As a result, it is found that the bulk superconductor can generate a higher magnetic field by using a comparatively small magnetic field.


Abstract A direct numerical simulation of a Batchelor vortex has been carried out in the presence of freely decaying turbulence, using both periodic and symmetric boundary conditions; the latter most closely approximates typical experimental conditions, while the former is often used in computational simulations for numerical convenience. The higher-order velocity statistics were shown to be strongly dependent upon the boundary conditions, but the dependence could be mostly eliminated by correcting for the random, Gaussian modulation of the vortex trajectory, commonly referred to as 'wandering', using a technique often employed in the analysis of experimental data. Once this wandering had been corrected for, the strong peaks in the Reynolds stresses normally observed at the vortex centre were replaced by smaller local extrema located within the core region but away from the centre. The distributions of the corrected Reynolds stresses suggest that the formation and organization of secondary structures within the core is the main mechanism in turbulent production during the linear growth phase of vortex development.


Liability can arise from failure in performing basic nursing duties. Witnesses of fact give evidence of what they saw, heard and recorded. Expert witnesses outline the standards of practice which could have been expected. A caused link must be established between failure in practice and the harm that arose. Pressure sore injuries can lead to large claims for compensation. Records can be one of the most important factors in the competence of the witness in giving evidence.


Charles Saatchi's collection of young British artists is one of the most celebrated collections of contemporary art in the world. "But is it art?" was a frequent cry during the mid-90s, when he exhibited the works of artists such as Damien Hirst, Marc Quinn, Gavin Turk and Marcus Harvey. Artists such as these soon fulfilled their promise and consolidated their reputations, vindicating Saatchi's enthusiasm and their inclusion in this eclectic group. This book explores the ideas, aspirations and attitudes that inform each artist and the way that they are manifested in the end product. This publication is a record of 35 artists that were collected by Charles Saatchi during the 1990s and is published to celebrate the opening of the new Saatchi Gallery at County Hall, London.


Government Pharmacy Stocking Point in City X manages high quantity and high
 volume of medicines, and distribute them to 20 Public Health Services (Puskesmas) in City X.
 Warehousing activities have not been well managed; no fixed rules for storage and retrieval;
 and no information system about stock location. The Stocking Point used FIFO (first in first
 out) method in retrieval the medicines, but due to the difficulties of the workers to find the
 location of the medicines caused the FIFO rule was always broken. It caused a lot of expired
 medicines. Moreover, the workers often do mistakes in ticking the medicines data when
 counting the medicines inventory and the process needs a lot of time to accomplish.
 Keywords : Stock location, Sistem Informasi Gudang, Gudang Perbekalan