Abstract The genus Tibouchina is common in Brazil, mainly found in Atlantic Forest, in Southeast region. In this studythe pollen viability was evaluated in five species of Atlantic Forest, T. cerastifolia, T. clinopodifolia, T.gracilis, T. pulchra and T. sellowiana , using three histochemical solutions: acetocarmine, Alexander and 2, 3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride. The variation of pollen viability was evaluated among the dimorphicsanthers and among individuals. In T. pulchra and T. sellowiana it was also evaluated the variation among thetwo first days after flower openning. There was no variation related to anther dimorphism. Considering thetwo species with the longest flower longevity, the viability was similar in the first and second day in T. pulchra ,but in T. sellowiana the pollen from the second day was less viable. The histochemical tests employed showeddistinct rates of pollen viability. Rates of pollen viability were distinct among individuals in each species. Thestain 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride showed the smaller viability. The results show that the treatmentsemployed, sampling and flower longevity were factors related to pollen viability.Key words: histochemical solutions, pollen, pollination, reproduction.


The power outputs of non-conventional renewable sources are random and intermittent in nature. The integration of such sources in large numbers into existing power networks in the future could make the reliable and stable operation of power systems highly challenging. In this paper, the performance of a method based on balancing active power near real time, to reduce power fluctuations produced by renewable sources, is presented. The ability to exchange timely information and availability of adequate energy storage capacity are vital factors that determine the effectiveness of this method. Hence the performance, under varying communication delay and V2G vehicle pool size, of this method was evaluated by the authors. Three indices were defined and used to measure performance. The frequency of power balancing process was also varied during the study to accommodate longer information exchange delays. Results reveal that performance improves as communication delay and the period of control cycle are shortened. It was also observed that beyond a certain size of V2G pool, performance improvement reaches saturation. This indicates that, for a given system, there is a minimum V2G pool size requirement for studied method to deliver peak performance.


Unemployment is a workforce that has not had the opportunity to work which means it is looking for work and has not got a job. Or there are also unemployed people who do not look for work because they feel it is impossible to get a job. It is known from the data of the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) that the highest unemployment rate is held by university graduates. Many factors cause graduates to find work difficult. These factors such as the lack of suitability possessed by what is sought by the company. In addition, the high expectations for desirable jobs make graduates reluctant to get less classy jobs. The purpose of writing this paper is to find out why university graduates find it difficult to find work and see how business opportunities can actually be obtained by universities in employment. The research method used is the method of studying literature from books, journals, or other print and web media and the interview process. The results of the research and writing activities of this paper are writing, which can later be accepted as self-evaluation material so that graduate graduates can get good jobs.


Decontamination of radioactive scrap metal by melting is a prospective technology to reduce the amount of metallic radioactive waste. Melting technology provides a particular advantage of homogenising a number of radionuclides in the ingots and concentrating other radionuclides in the slag and dust filter resulting from the melting process, thus decontaminating the primary material. The presented paper also deals with the evaluation of exposure of the workers during melting of radioactive scrap metal. According to the obtained results, the effective doses absorbed by workers during the melting meets the legislatively given limit 20 mSv per annum.


It is now widely believed that the pathogenesis of heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is largely mediated via the generation of anti-platelet factor 4-heparin antibodies (APFA) in patients who are treated with heparin and related drugs. In addition antibodies to other heparin binding proteins such as neutrophil activating peptide-2 and interleukins also contribute to this syndrome and which are not detectable by the methods based on heparin platelet factor 4 capture probes. Currently, several immunologic methods mostly utilizing sandwich ELISA techniques to measure APFA in sera of patients with HIT syndrome are available. These methods utilize different capture probes including heparin platelet factor 4 complex (ASSERACHROM® HPIA; Diagnostica Stago, France), platelet factor 4 complexed to polyvinyl sulfonate (PF4 Enhanced; GTI, USA) and heparin protamine suflate along with platelet lysates as a source of PF4 (ZYMUTEST HIA IgGAM; Hyphen Biomedical, France). These different capture probes for the APFA have different affinity for the APFAs. Moreover, these capture probes can also bind to certain other heparin binding proteins. To compare these three methods, samples (n = 100) were selected from banked sera that had been referred to Loyola University Medical Center for the quantitation of HIT antibodies and 14 C Serotonin Release Assay (SRA). All of these specimens were initially positive in the GTI PF4 Enhanced ELISA for the presence of anti-heparin platelet factor 4 antibodies with a broad range of antibody titers absorbance range (0.4 – 2.5). For the head to head comparison all of these samples were assayed using the three different methods. In the GTI method the reassayed samples showed 93 out of 100 positive (93%), in the HPIA test 79 out of 100 (79%) and in the ZYMUTEST 56 out of 100 (56%) were positive. Interestingly, the correlation coefficients also showed marked variation (GTI vs ZYMUTEST r 2 = 0.38; GTI vs Stago r 2 = 0.49; ZYMUTEST vs Stago r 2 = 0.67). The prevalence of positive samples was not consistent in the three tests used. This data clearly shows that each of the different ELISA methods exhibit different performance characteristics in binding to not only the APFA but other proteins, which may contribute to the higher false positive prevalence. Moreover, the positive/negative cutoff limits in these assays are arbitrarily set without due consideration of the antibody titer, which can also account for the observed differences. More interestingly, all of the samples positive in the SRA (n = 14) were positive in each of the three methods used with the exception of two samples, which were positive in the GTI, ASSERACHROM® HPIA and negative in the ZYMUTEST. These results clearly indicate the differences in the diagnostic efficacy of various commercially available tests and warrant clinical field trials to validate their reliability in the monitoring of APFA. Furthermore, the diagnostic reliability of these tests can be further improved by immunoglobulin subtyping and utilizing other capture probes with platelet factor 4 and related proteins, which complex with heparins.


Long-term measurements of CO2 exchange between coastal wetlands and the atmosphere are necessary to improve our understanding of the role these ecosystems play in the global carbon cycle, and the response of these systems to environmental change. We conducted research to adapt and evaluate tower-based conditional sampling as a method for measuring net CO2 exchange (NCE) at the ecosystem scale on a continuous basis. With conditional sampling, NCE is determined from the product of the standard deviation of vertical wind velocity, the difference in CO2 concentration between updrafts and downdrafts in the constant flux portion of the boundary layer above the surface, and an empirical coefficient. We constructed a system that used a sonic anemometer to measure vertical wind velocity (w) and control a high-speed three-way valve that diverted air from updrafts and downdrafts into separate sample lines, depending on the direction ofw. an infrared gas analyzer was used to measure the concentration difference. The conditional sampling system was installed and tested in a marsh in the Nueces River Delta near Corpus Christi, Texas, as part of a long-term study of effects of freshwater inflow on CO2 flux. System accuracy was evaluated by comparing conditional sampling measurements of water vapor flux with independent estimates obtained with the Bowen ratio method. Average daily flux estimates for the two methods agreed to within 13%. Measurements showed that freshwater inflow due to flooding of the Nueces River increased NCE by increasing CO2 assimilation and decreasing CO2 efflux. Over a 65-d period, daily NCE varied from a maximum gain of 0.16 mol CO2 m−2 d−1 during flooding to a maximum loss of −0.14 mol CO2 m−2 d−1 when the marsh dried. Our study showed that conditional sampling was well suited for quantifying CO2 exchange in coastal wetlands on a diel, daily, and seasonal basis.


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AbstractUnmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Digital Photogrammetry is an up-to-date area mapping technology. Implemented features are low-cost, mobile and simple. UAV (fixed-wing EPP-FPV) with mounted digital camera (Canon S100) was used for imagery while digital photogrammetry processing (with lisa software application) was applied for cartographic data collection. High imagery quality is a significant factor for the efficiency and quality of standard mapping products, such as Digital Elevation Model and Ortho Images. DEM and Orthophoto quality mainly depends on camera resolution, flight height and accuracy of Ground Control Points (GCP). In experimental investigations, GCP coordinates were gained interactively from the Internet. Application of the appropriate DEM checking technique showed that DEM error was up to 0.5 m.


Abstract In the early twentieth century, encyclopedias addressed to children and youths became special reference works concerning science and technology education. In search of greater comprehension of this historical process, I analyse The Children's Encyclopedia's representation of science and technology, and how it was re-edited by the North American publishing company that bought its copyrights and promoted its circulation in several countries. Furthermore, I examine how its contents were appropriated in its translations into Portuguese and Spanish, which circulated in Latin America in the first half of the twentieth century. The comparison between the different versions reveals that the writings of science and technology are practically the same, with significant changes only in literature and in the approach of historical and geographical themes. I then argue that, even keeping the scientific contents virtually unchanged, these versions of the encyclopedia gave it a new meaning, because of the contexts in which they circulated. Finally, I show how the appropriations of the encyclopedia contributed to the promotion of scientific values and technological innovation as the core development and as a model of civilization for South American nations.


Background Intraoral scanner evaluation (3Shape, TRIOS®) of soft tissue thickness around convergent collar implants and shoulderless abutments. Material and Methods Ambispective longitudinal analytical study with a sample size of 26 implants in 17 patients treated in a private dental clinic. Pacients were divided into two groups: Prama Implants or group 1 (n=19) and Shelta implants combined with XA abutment or group 2 (n=7). Thickness changes after one- and two-year follow-up were analyzed. Results In group 1 baseline mean thickness was 6.53 mm (±1.06) and follow-up mean thickness was 8.06 mm (±0.98), in group 2 initial mean thickness was 7.66 mm (±1.09) and follow-up mean thickness was of 8.42 mm (±1.03). Conclusions Biologically guided crowns design seems to significantly increase the soft tissue volumen around convergent morphology implants. Key words:Biologic width, peri-implant soft tissue, marginal bone loss, transmucosal implant, convergent collar, BOPT (biological oriented preparation technique), BOPT abutment, soft tissue stability, intraoral scanner.


The sequence stratigraphic significance of erosion surfaces seen within the Middle Triassic Halfway Formation have been the subject of debate. Previously conducted and ongoing studies on the Halfway Formation, each concentrating on separate regions, have documented multiple erosion surfaces within the formation. The sequence stratigraphic significance and lateral extent of these surfaces has yet to be fully understood. Detailed core logging of the Halfway Formation in the Elmworth region has uncovered two distinct erosional surfaces approximately half a metre apart in elevation. These surfaces are present in the lower portion of the Halfway Formation and seem to be represented by variable or inconsistent physical characteristics. Over a short distance these surfaces are seen to be expressed as marine hardgrounds, marine firmgrounds, scours, and lags. This presentation will differentiate between a marine hardground and firmground, and display these variable surfaces from select core. The full lateral extent of these surfaces has yet to be determined, but initial findings suggest they may be regional in extent, and consequently have sequence stratigraphic significance. On the other hand, if these surfaces are local in extent, then interpretation of these surfaces would demand specific focus on localized tectonics, chemical processes, and bathymetry. As well, if these surfaces are localized, then the origin and distribution of these surfaces in several diverse geographic locals, may lead to the erroneous conclusion that these surfaces are unconformities of basin-wide extent. Datapages/Search and Discovery Article #90211 CSPG© 2015 CSPG/CSEG/CWLS Convention 2006, What's New? Where is Our Industry Heading? Calgary, AB, Canada, May 15-18, 2006


Abstract:Populism refers to forms of politics that put 'the people' at their centre, but the way 'the people' is understood varies widely. Questions of left populism have gained significant traction and engagement in the last decade-and this is a key focus of this article. While recognising the importance of Ernesto Laclau's analysis in On Populist Reason, the authors argue that his work is hindered by an overly formalist account of the political. Stuart Hall's writings on Thatcherism offer a more contextual and situated engagement with particular populist strategies, and have continuing relevance for understanding right-wing populism. Podemos in Spain and Syriza in Greece offer actually existing experiences of left populism. The authors discuss three limitations in their strategies: their 'nationed' narratives of the crisis; the relationship between the parties' leadership and grassroots politics; and the nature of their engagement with internationalist political projects.


This paper tests a method for analysing and improving construction site operations to standardize them as the common way of performing the operation. Analysis tools are used to identify improvement potential and alterations based on Lean Construction principles are implemented to fulfil this potential. Reducing waste and optimizing production methods are some of the key elements in Lean thinking. Waste and low productivity can be products of several factors, e.g. poor material flow, suboptimal operation design or poor production control. By finding good practices for operations and standardizing the work by this norm, variability can be reduced and production reliability increased. With thorough analysis and continuous improvement towards better practice, both time and cost expenditures could be greatly reduced both for the single unit and the project, but also throughout an entire organization over time. A field study was conducted to investigate how a traditional production unit's productivity and work flow would be affected by altering its operation according to Lean principles. The production unit was initially analysed with its traditional practice "as is". The analysis clarified where there was potential for improvement, and alterations were suggested by the crew. Those with foundation in Lean Construction principles were implemented and performance reassessed. Analysis showed little room for improvement within several of the tasks, as they had no waiting for tools, materials or preceding tasks to finish. On a higher level, the operation was greatly improved by eliminating entire tasks, rearranging the work sequence, increasing visualization and increasing the number of crew members.


ABSTRACT The multivariate image analysis descriptors used in quantitative structure-activity relationships are direct representations of chemical structures as they are simply numerical decodifications of pixels forming the 2D chemical images. These MDs have found great utility in the modeling of diverse properties of organic molecules. Given the multicollinearity and high dimensionality of the data matrices generated with the MIA-QSAR approach, modeling techniques that involve the projection of the data space onto orthogonal components e.g. Partial Least Squares (PLS) have been generally used. However, the chemical interpretation of the PLS-based MIA-QSAR models, in terms of the structural moieties affecting the modeled bioactivity has not been straightforward. This work describes the 2D-contour maps based on the PLS regression coefficients, as a means of assessing the relevance of single MIA predictors to the response variable, and thus allowing for the structural, electronic and physicochemical interpretation of the MIA-QSAR models. A sample study to demonstrate the utility of the 2D-contour maps to design novel drug-like molecules is performed using a dataset of some anti-HIV-1 2-amino-6-arylsulfonylbenzonitriles and derivatives, and the inferences obtained are consistent with other reports in the literature. In addition, the different schemes for encoding atomic properties in molecules are discussed and evaluated.


A comparison of the composition of crude oils from six zones ranging in age from Jurassic to Cretaceous in the Tow Creek, Wilson Creek, Iles, and Moffat fields, and oil from a seep at Tow Creek, Colorado, shows that, except at Wilson Creek, the oil in each pool is unlike the oil in all other pools of these fields, whether at the same or a different stratigraphic position. In the Wilson Creek field the oil from the Sundance formation is similar to the oil from the overlying Morrison formation. These facts may indicate that, except at Wilson Creek, the source of the oil of each pool was local to that pool; or the data may indicate that the oil of the several pools was at one time similar and was affected differently during the folding and faulting that formed the domes and nticlines. The oil in the Morrison formation at Wilson Creek may have migrated upward from the Sundance formation. The oil in the north Tow Creek pool and the oil in the seep at Tow Creek may have been altered by an intrusive body that occupies a large area in the north part of the Tow Creek anticline. On the other hand, the differences between the oils near the intrusive body are no greater than between oils in a region in Oklahoma containing no intrusive bodies, which has been investigated recently by the research committee of the Tulsa Geological Society. End_of_Article - Last_Page 916------------


Internal mammary nodes (IMN) in early stage breast cancer are a still unresolved issue. Their involvement has a crucial impact on the staging as well as prognosis of the breast cancer patients. The reported incidence of IMN drainage in the process of detecting the axillary sentinel node is about 20% depending on the tracer application technique. However, the IMN drainage itself apparently has no effect on the prognosis even when the nodes are left without biopsy or radiotherapy. The major predictive factor for the presence of metastases in IMN is the presence of metastases in axillary lymph nodes. Studies evaluating adjuvant IMN radiotherapy have shown inconsistent outcomes. The generally accepted trend towards less extensive locoregional procedures in breast cancer treatment will apparently affect the IMN, as well, given that new systemic treatment will probably compensate for uncertainties in IMN management.Key words: breast cancer internal mammary nodes radiotherapy.


Abstract:  Fetal development depends on adequate exchange of materials between the fetus and maternal circulatory systems, which requires optimal distribution of blood vessels over the chorionic plate to ensure perfusion of the whole placental volume. Based on a previous investigation of the architecture of the chorionic vessels in the human placenta, we developed in this study typical models for the dichotomous and monopodial segments of the chorionic arteries of a mature placenta. Each model also included some intraplacental (IP) vessels that branch off into the cotyledons perpendicular to the chorionic arteries. Computational analysis of steady blood flow through these models was performed to explore the distribution of fetal blood over the chorionic plate. The results demonstrated that energy losses are small in the monopodial model, which explains their efficient delivery of fetal blood over the chorionic plate in cases of a marginal cord insertion. On the other hand, the dichotomous model is efficient in distributing a relatively large volume of blood over large areas near the bifurcation. Accordingly, the combination of dichotomous and monopodial bifurcation in a normal chorionic plate ensures a uniform blood perfusion of the placenta. Simulations with narrow daughter and IP vessels did not result in significant changes in the main mother tubes, supporting clinical observations in which umbilical blood flow remains normal although some peripheral vessels may be occluded.


Parsing efficiency is one of the important issues in building practical natural language processing systems. This paper proposes a design and an implementation of a parallel augmented context-free parsing system for natural language analysis. Natural language grammars are more than context-free, so that unification formalisms are adopted to enforce the linguistic constraints and to transfer the linguistic information. Lexical and structural ambiguities are the famous problems in parsing natural language sentences. Traditional LR approaches to deal with these problems are pseudo parallelism or blind parallelism. They fork many processes to take care of parsing. Apparently, it results in the scheduling problem in shared-memory model or the communication problem in distributed-memory model. This paper presents a merge mechanism to compose the same jobs into one. It can not only eliminate the duplications, but also reduce the number of forked processes to the great extent. The gapping problems are also treated in this parallel parsing system. Currently, it is implemented in Prolog and in Strand, and running on Sun-series workstations.


Based on a review of Wisconsin suicide methods and rates from 1979 to 1994, firearms have eclipsed all other methods combined as the most common method of suicide. Between 1981 and 1992, the number of firearm suicides increased from 48% to 57%. While the overall suicide rate has remained unchanged in the last 16 years, the firearm suicide rate has increased 17% in all sexes, races and ages. For persons at known risk for suicide, removal of firearms and other lethal means from the home is recommended. Since many persons who commit suicide have not been identified as at risk, families should consider the potential risks and benefits of having a firearm in the home.


Wild koala populations continue to experience serious declines as a result of several threatening factors including: loss of habitat, motor vehicle trauma, dog attacks and, chlamydial disease. Chlamydial infections are associated with diseases ranging from ocular disease leading to blindness, as well as urinary and genital tract disease, leading to female infertility. Modeling shows that targeting chlamydial disease would have a major impact on stabilizing population decline. Our previous studies have demonstrated that koalas can be safely immunized with a vaccine containing a mixture of chlamydial major outer membrane protein (MOMP) antigens combined with a single or three-dose subcutaneous regime.

Recently, large scale, field trial of the vaccine, we vaccinated 30 koalas that were outwardly clinically healthy but either chlamydia PCR negative or chlamydia PCR positive, and followed them for 1-2 years to assess the protective effect of the vaccine (compared to a control group of unvaccinated koalas). We observed strong, specific and long-lasting immune responses in the vaccinated koalas; high titer antibody responses (as measured by ELISA and also in vitro neutralization) as well as chlamydia-specific cytokine responses (interferon-gamma and IL-17 in particular). We also observed protection from progression to clinical disease in the vaccinated animals. We have also conducted a small trial to vaccinate animals which already have clinical signs of ocular disease. Instead of the normal practice of administering antibiotics (chloramphenicol, daily for 28 days, which severely disrupts the animal's gut microbiome) we vaccinated four animals with a single dose, 3-MOMP vaccine. For all vaccinated animals, their chlamydia PCR load decreased, often to zero, and in two animals at least, we observed a decrease in their clinical disease score. These results are promising for the future development of an effective chlamydial vaccine for use in captive as well as wild koalas.

Wild koala populations continue to have significant levels of infection with C. pecorum and as a result are suffering debilitating disease, which is threatening their long-term survival. In many populations, these levels of infection and disease are actually higher than previously reported and current treatment options are showing little to no impact on the decline in the level of infection and disease, with hospital admission records remaining stable over time. The widespread implementation of a vaccine in wild koalas could offer the protection needed to reverse this progression. To date, previous rMOMP protein vaccine trials conducted on both infected and diseased wild koala populations have been very successful. These trials have shown that an rMOMP protein vaccine stimulates the immune system and is responsible for an increase in neutralizing antibodies. Vaccinated koalas have shown a decrease in their chlamydial infections load as well as ocular disease status, post-vaccination, and importantly, rMOMP vaccinated wild koalas have also shown a decrease in the progression to disease over a 12 month period. However, in spite of this success, there are many challenges in producing and implementing a recombinant protein format vaccine on a wider scale. A synthetic peptide based vaccine could overcome some of these challenges, assuming that it induces a strong and relevant immune response. The development of a peptide based anti-chlamydial vaccine that can elicit the same, or even stronger immune responses as the current C. pecorum MOMP vaccine, with the potential to be mass produced, would be an ideal candidate for future anti-chlamydial vaccine development.

In this study, we have shown that a vaccine consisting of two relatively short peptides, derived from the full length MOMP, is capable of inducing an immune response in koalas up to 26 weeks post-vaccination. We have shown a mucosal IgA antibody response to full length rMOMP (G), in both the MOMP-peptide and MOMP-protein vaccinated koalas. Chlamydia infection and disease are endemic in free-ranging koalas. Antibiotics remain the front line treatment for Chlamydia in koalas, despite their rates of treatment failure and adverse gut symbiosis outcomes. This study investigated whether a productive immune response could be induced by vaccinating koalas during antibiotic treatment for Chlamydia-induced cystitis. Plasma IgG antibody levels against the C. pecorum major outer membrane protein (MOMP) dropped during antibiotic treatment in both vaccinated and unvaccinated koalas.

Post-treatment, IgG levels recovered. The IgG antibodies from naturally-infected, vaccinated koalas recognized a greater proportion of the MOMP protein compared to their naturally-infected, unvaccinated counterparts. Furthermore, peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene expression revealed an up-regulation in genes related to neutrophil degranulation in vaccinated koalas during the first month post-vaccination. These findings show that vaccination of koalas while they are being treated with antibiotics for cystitis can result in the generation of a productive immune response, in the form of increased and expanded IgG production and host response through neutrophil degranulation.


We recently developed a molecule (GT-73) that blocked leukocyte transendothelial migration from blood to the peripheral tissues, supposedly by affecting the platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1) function. GT-73 was tested in an LPS-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) mouse model. The rationale for this is based on the finding that the mortality of COVID-19 patients is partly caused by ARDS induced by a massive migration of leukocytes to the lungs. In addition, the role of tert-butyl and methyl ester moieties in the biological effect of GT-73 was investigated. A human leukocyte, transendothelial migration assay was applied to validate the blocking effect of GT-73 derivatives. Finally, a mouse model of LPS-induced ARDS was used to evaluate the histological and biochemical effects of GT-73. The obtained results showed that GT-73 has a unique structure that is responsible for its biological activity; two of its chemical moieties (tert-butyl and a methyl ester) are critical for this effect. GT-73 is a prodrug, and its lipophilic tail covalently binds to PECAM-1 via Lys536. GT-73 significantly decreased the number of infiltrating leukocytes in the lungs and reduced the inflammation level. Finally, GT-73 reduced the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In summary, we concluded that GT-73, a blocker of white blood cell transendothelial migration, has a favorable profile as a drug candidate for the treatment of ARDS in COVID-19 patients.


The physician Friedrich von Bönninghausen (1828-1910) practiced from 1864 until his death as a homoeopath in Münster/Westphalia. The article locates this "alternative" practice in its medical surrounding. It is shown which cures the patients had already used before they turned to the method of Hahnemann and which motives are given in the records for their decision to consult the homoeopath.


We experimentally demonstrate a push-pull optical nonreciprocal transmission (ONT) mechanism induced by thermo-optic effect in cascaded silicon microring resonators (MRRs). A nonreciprocal extinction ratio of up to 27 dB and an operation bandwidth larger than 0.15 nm are achieved in the proposed ONT system. The device can operate with a resonance mismatch between the two cascaded MRRs from 0.14 nm to 0.55 nm. The proposed ONT device could potentially find applications in optical diodes and bidirectional control of light in future on-chip all-optical information processing systems.


Embryonic stem (ES) cells have the potential to differentiate into all cell types and are considered as a valuable source of cells for transplantation therapies. A critical issue, however, is the risk of teratoma formation after transplantation. The effect of the immune response on the tumorigenicity of transplanted cells is poorly understood. We have systematically compared the tumorigenicity of mouse ES cells and in vitro differentiated neuronal cells in various recipients. Subcutaneous injection of 1×106 ES or differentiated cells into syngeneic or allogeneic immunodeficient mice resulted in teratomas in about 95% of the recipients. Both cell types did not give rise to tumors in immunocompetent allogeneic mice or xenogeneic rats. However, in 61% of cyclosporine A-treated rats teratomas developed after injection of differentiated cells. Undifferentiated ES cells did not give rise to tumors in these rats. ES cells turned out to be highly susceptible to killing by rat natural killer (NK) cells due to the expression of ligands of the activating NK receptor NKG2D on ES cells. These ligands were down-regulated on differentiated cells. The activity of NK cells which is not suppressed by cyclosporine A might contribute to the prevention of teratomas after injection of ES cells but not after inoculation of differentiated cells. These findings clearly point to the importance of the immune response in this process. Interestingly, the differentiated cells must contain a tumorigenic cell population that is not present among ES cells and which might be resistant to NK cell-mediated killing.


The ideas and the conceptual steps leading from the ergodic hypothesis for equilibrium statistical mechanics to the chaotic hypothesis for equilibrium and nonequilibrium statistical mechanics are illustrated. The fluctuation theorem linear law and universal slope prediction for reversible systems is briefly derived. Applications to fluids are briefly alluded to. (c) 1998 American Institute of Physics.


CE has been employed for peptide mapping characterization of the light chain of a human anti-Rhesus (D) (Rh[D]) antibody presently undergoing clinical evaluation. In the presence of an ion-pairing agent used to increase resolution, reproducible maps were obtained within 55 min after injection of 12 fmol of protein. CE has also been employed as a direct and quick screening tool for purity evaluation of the tryptic peptides obtained from reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) prior to sequence analysis. Post-translational modifications of the protein were determined by identification of the cysteine residues implicated in disulfide linkages.


The film, Hachiko Monogatari is a tragic true story about a dog named Hachiko (ハチ公). This dog was very loyal to its master, Professor Ueno, even after its master died.
The film was aired in 1987 and was the highest rating box-office Japanese movie of that
year. The American show "Hachiko: A Dog's Story" from 2009 was a remake of the
Japanese version Hachiko Monogatari. This study aims to analyze the representation of
love and loyalty in the film Hachiko Monogatari from a semiotic perspective.
This study is based on the framework of Charles Sanders Peirce's (10 September
1839 - 19 April 1914) Triadic Semiotic System. Clearly in Peirce's mind, there is an
inseparable connection between sign and interpretation with the object he referred to.
This study is a qualitative research using a descriptive approach. Semiotic analysis of
verbal and non-verbal elements was created using Charles Sanders Peirce theory where
descriptive methods were used to interpret data.
Findings showed that the value of love can be represented by verbal and non-verbal
elements. In terms of verbal elements, dialogue of character is seen. The verbal element
was successfully analyzed based on Appraisal Theory (Teori Penilaian) (Martin &
White, 2005; Martin & Rose, 2003) regarding attitude (sikap). In terms of non-verbal
elements, body contact (touch of the body), proximity, facial expression, gesture,
posture, and eye contact are seen. The non-verbal element was analyzed based on the
meaning of Michael Argyles' (1972) non-verbal communication language. The main
character in the film, Professor Ueno was examined through verbal and non-verbal
elements who showed attitude and feelings of love towards Hachiko. Loyalty can be represented through non-verbal elements. Non-verbal elements of
loyalty were also analyzed based on the interpretation of Michael Argyles' (1972) nonverbal
language. The representation of loyalty in the film was seen through Hachiko's
behaviour to its master. Dogs cannot communicate verbally like humans, hence
Hachiko's loyalty to its master can only be scrutinized through non-verbal elements.
The analysis of the film for significant signs in the film Hachiko Monogatari have
delivered the keystone message on the values of love and loyalty contained in the film.
The values of love and loyalty presented in the film Hachiko Monogatari have made
this movie a success. Therefore, it is recommended that this film be used as learning
material for students in school. The researcher is of the opinion that moral values such
as love and loyalty should be learnt, emulated and nurtured in everyone's mind from
primary school age.


In vivo studies have shown abnormalities in cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in primary hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP). The aim of the present investigation was to determine if the increased production of cholesterol in HLP type IV can be attributed to a correspondingly high level of the hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG) CoA reductase activity and if the low cholic acid: chenodeoxycholic acid synthesis ratio in HLP type II is due to some hydroxylase deficiency. Liver biopsies from 26 normolipidemic and 25 hyperlipidemic (10 type IIa, 6 type IIb, and 9 type IV) patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy were assayed for HMG CoA reductase activity, 12 alpha-hydroxylase activity, and 25-hydroxylase activity. The HMG CoA reductase activity was normal in HLP type IIa and type IIb and was increased about twice HLP type IV (P less than 0.001). The 12 alpha- and 25-hydroxylase activities were normal in all groups of patients. The results are compatible with a normal cholesterol synthesis in the liver in HLP type II. A reduced 12 alpha- or 25-hydroxylase activity cannot explain the low production of cholic acid relative to chenodeoxycholic acid in this type of HLP. The elevated HMG CoA reductase activity found in the liver of type IV patients may, however, be part of the explanation for the elevated synthesis of cholesterol often seen in these patients.


Islam is the religion of peace, security, and harmony. It not only focuses to maintain and establish peace and harmony in its teachings but also uses religion for religious peacebuilding among the humanity. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) attached peace to religion and declared the peace and security of others as an integral part of faith and included peace in the foundations of religion.
 He (PBUH) provided noble examples and teachings for religious peacebuilding within the faith for Muslims and at the interfaith level so that both internal and external peace can be maintained and established. Within the Islamic faith, He (PBUH) preached to Muslims to live with peace and unity and to avoid quarreling, being divided into sects, and becoming enemies with one another. At the same time, for interfaith religious peacebuilding, He (PBUH) taught and provided many examples to promote religious tolerance and interreligious pleasant relations and harmony.
Its contemporary requirements are to follow these teachings and examples of Seerah with true letter and spirit and apply them in the society in this era so that the world can get peace and protection and avail a pleasant and peaceful atmosphere for an excellent living. This article focuses on these aspects of Seerat ul Nabi (SAW) regarding religious peacebuilding.


The sediments from the Gulf of California are potentially good sources for oil and gas. They are rich in organic carbon (av. = 1.9%). Sediments from the margins of the Gulf are rich in oil-prone marine-amorphous organic matter. Sediments from Guaymas Basin contain the same material plus abundant subordinate amounts of gas-prone terrestrially derived organic matter. The enrichment of all of these sediments in marine-amorphous components reflects deposition in a highly productive and oxygen-poor water mass. The sediments are thermally immature, except for those altered by hydrothermal activity or by the intrusion of sills. These sediments are extensively cooked and may have lost their potential for hydrocarbon generation. , ,


Phased planar radars represent a class of equipment employing hundreds or thousands of individual electronically steerable radiating and receiving elements. In the operation of such systems, it is necessary to keep continually ahead of an advancing failure accumulation through maintenance policies geared to replacement-while-in-operation concepts. Several practical maintenance policies are considered: 1) immediate maintenance, 2) delayed maintenance, and 3) cyclic maintenance. The effects of these policies on the outage availability are considered and it is shown that each has certain advantages. Immediate maintenance yields the highest system availability, but requires the continued presence of a moderate size maintenance force. Increasing the number of maintenance crews increases the availability of phased array systems, but the added contribution to satisfactory system states shrinks rapidly with the growth of crews. Delayed and cyclic maintenance both involve a more leisurely, planned work pace characterized by periods of relatively low service activity, followed by periods of intense activity to restore the system. At the expense of some system availability, these policies require only part-time presence of maintenance personnel and may well be the most attractive alternatives for phased array radar systems possessing some degree of surplus performance.


This paper is concerned with the investigation of a possible working principle of a microwave sensor for the measurement of water levels in plastic pipes. According to the research, most current sensors for water level measurement require an unobstructed path from the sensor in the water and therefore, the integrity of the pipes, in which water flows, will be compromised. The proposed sensor will work at microwave frequencies to measure the flow in the pipes from the outside. This would be non-invasive and non-intrusive. A beam of microwave energy from an antenna is directed towards a water surface within a pipe and the reflection due to the surface of the water will be isolated and knowledge of the pipe dimensions and properties will allow the depth of water to be calculated. Knowledge of the pipe drop may also allow flow to be estimated. It is observed that at microwave frequencies the reflection from the surface of the water is many times greater than the reflection from the surface of a typical plastic pipe.


Abstract:The Nordic countries have gained a global reputation for their robust welfare states. They are praised as being the best countries in the world for families—but what kind? Using Iceland and Denmark as comparative case studies in welfare feminism, this article explores how lone mothers engage with Nordic family leave policies and labor markets. Based on in-depth interviews with Icelandic and Danish lone mothers, it demonstrates that work–family integration policies are more effective in social–democratic Denmark, but that Iceland's more liberal welfare regime may provide greater benefits to women in the labor market. Ultimately, lone mothers in both countries still face difficulties in reconciling work and family life.


The analysis and interpretation of the pair distribution function (PDF), as derived from total scattering measurements, is still seen by many as a technique confined to central synchrotron and neutron facilities. This situation has begun to change with a rising visibility of total scattering experiments reported in mainstream scientific journals and the modification of an increasing number of laboratory diffractometers. However, the rigor required during data reduction and the complexities of data interpretation mean the technique is still very far from being routine. Herein, we report the first application of a large area curved image plate system based on a Rigaku SPIDER (R-AXIS RAPID II) equipped with an Ag tube for collecting data amenable to high quality PDF refinement/modeling of crystalline, amorphous, and liquid samples. The advantages of such a system are the large Q range available without scanning (routinely in excess of 20 Å-1) and the inherent properties of an image plate detector (single photon sensitivity, large dynamic range [1.05 × 106], and effectively zero noise). Data are collected and structural models refined for a number of standard materials including NIST 640f silicon for which a Rwp ≤ 0.12 value was obtained with data collected in 60 min (excluding background measurements). These and other data are discussed and compared to similar examples in the literature.


The aim of this study was to analyze the financial performance of PT. Industri Jamu and Farmasi Sido Muncul Tbk. after conducted the Initial Public Offering (IPO) period of 2014 - 2018 and its influence toward the profit growth. Multiple Linear Regression Analysis method by SPSS 25  was used in this study equipped with the Classic Assumption Test and Coefficient of Determination to analyze the influence of current ratio (X1), debt to asset ratio (X2), total asset turnover ratio (X3), return on equity (X4), and earning per share (X5) as independent variables on profit growth as dependent variable. The data were secondary data obtained from the annual report and financial report of PT Industri Jamu and  Farmasi Sido Muncul. The result showed that overall the financial performance of PT Industri Jamu and Farmasi Sido Muncul Tbk. after the IPO was in good condition even though fluctuated. Meanwhile, the multiple linear regression analysis results showed that partially, the variable of total asset turnover ratio has positive significant and earning per share has a negative significant influence on profit growth. However, the other variables have an insignificant influence on profit growth. On the other hand, Simultaneously all of the independent variables significantly influence profit growth.


This paper explains the concept of infrastructure investing. It reviews its history, why it is of current interest, and what forms it takes. It details the benefits and risks of infrastructure investing and elaborates on the issues involved in making an investment. It focuses on private investments in infrastructure assets, primarily in developed western economies. It concludes with a recommendation that most long-term institutional investment portfolios could benefit from an allocation to infrastructure.


Preoperative chemotherapy is efficacious in several cancers. However, it is not an established treatment for locally advanced colon cancer, particularly cases with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H)/deficient mismatch repair. Herein, we report a case of pathological complete response of MSI-H clinical T4b ascending colon cancer to preoperative treatment with pembrolizumab. A 78-year-old man was diagnosed with ascending colon cancer that invaded into the iliacus muscle and enlarged regional lymph nodes. The tumor was classified as T4bN1bM0 stage IIIC according to the 8th Union for International Cancer Control guidelines, with MSI-H status. Based on our initial diagnosis, this tumor could not be resected completely. Thus, the patient underwent preoperative therapy with CAPOX (capecitabine and oxaliplatin combination) plus bevacizumab. After 4 cycles of preoperative CAPOX/bevacizumab, we observed tumor reduction corresponding to a partial response based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria. Nevertheless, tumor invasion of the iliacus muscle persisted. Since oxaliplatin-induced peripheral sensory neuropathy was observed, we discontinued treatment with oxaliplatin and changed the regimen to pembrolizumab in anticipation of the therapeutic effect of this immune checkpoint inhibitor against MSI-H tumors. After 2 cycles of therapy with pembrolizumab (200 mg/body on day 1 every 3 weeks), there was drastic tumor regression. In addition, computed tomography indicated that all lymph node metastases had disappeared. Therefore, the patient underwent laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with D3 lymph node dissection. Analysis of the resected specimen showed pathological complete response.


This research aims to establish the effect of working conditions on the appearance of varicose veins. The epidemiological study was carried out on 1,324 examinees, 530 males and 794 females, employed in 5 highly represented groups of professional activities in Rijeka (catering, trade, light industry, heavy industry and finances). The data were collected by survey and clinical examination. Varicose veins were more prevalent in the trade than in the office workers (odds ratio (OR) = 2.08; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.31-3.31), and more prevalent in catering industries than in the office workers (OR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.001-2.43). chi 2-testing suggested that standing in the workplace (OR = 1.35; 95% CI = 0.95-1.92), weight handling while working (OR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.01-1.64) and working indoors (OR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.02-2.53) were risk factors for varicose veins. By multiple logistic regression, the following risk factors were isolated in the total population: female sex (OR = 1.92; 95% CI = 1.37-2.67), workplace (OR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.78-0.99), age (OR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.03-1.07), body mass index (OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.01-1.07) and family history of the disease (OR = 1.99; 95% CI = 1.55-2.57).


Traffic matrix reflects the volume of traffic that flows between all pairs of sources and destinations in a network. Its element is referred to as an Origin-Destination (OD) pair (or flow). And traffic matrix gives network operators a global aspect of how all the traffic in a large-scale network flows. Thus, with traffic matrix as a key input of traffic engineering and network management, it is very important for network operators to accurately get the traffic matrix in a large-scale network. Unfortunately, as commented in (Papagiannaki et al., 2004), direct measurement of the traffic is not generally practical in the large-scale networks. In 1996, Vardi firstly introduced network tomography method to research the problem that traffic matrix in a network is indirectly measured. Since then, many researchers studied the problem and proposed many solutions(Cao et al., 2000; 2001; Juva, 2007; Soule et al., 2005; 2004; Tan & Wang, 2007; Vardi, 1996; Zhang et al., 2003; 2005). Traffic matrix estimation is so far used by network operators to conduct the network management, network planning, traffic detecting and so on. However, since traffic matrix estimation holds the highly ill-posed properties (Soule et al., 2005; 2004; Tan & Wang, 2007; Vardi, 1996; Zhang et al., 2003; 2005) and especially network traffic is a kind of nonstationary traffic (Cao et al., 2001), this subject is a challenging research problem. The statistical inference techniques are first used to estimate traffic matrix over local area network (LAN). Authors in (Cao et al., 2000; Vardi, 1996) exploited the statistical model to model the OD flows in order to reduce the ill-posed nature of traffic matrix estimation. Zhang et al. (Zhang et al., 2003; 2005) introduced the gravity model into large-scale IP traffic matrix estimation. By the gravity model, they could obtain the prior information about OD flows and then successfully conduct the large-scale IP traffic matrix estimation. Nevertheless, as mentioned in (Juva, 2007; Soule et al., 2005), the statistical inference techniques are sensitive to the prior information, while the gravity model methods still have the larger estimation errors though it partially reduces the sensitivity to the prior information. Especially when the assumptions about OD flows hold, the gravity model methods are found to be more accurate than the statistical inference techniques, while their estimation accuracy decreases more quickly than that of the statistical inference techniques when the assumptions are not exactly true. Hence, this needs to develop a new method to estimate large-scale IP traffic matrix. This chapter provides the reader with a method that large scale IP traffic matrix is estimated accurately by, as envisioned by the authors. It begins by explaining the need for using simulated annealing to estimate the traffic matrix, how traffic matrix estimation problem is defined, 5


The methods of literature statistics,factor analysis and cluster analysis were used to analyze the resources of crops straw and its regional distribution in Shandong province.The results showed that the magnitude of crops straw in Shandong province was up to 5.86×107 t in 2009,among which corn stalks had the most percent of 47.11%,wheat straw and cotton straw accounted for 29.19% and 14.6% respectively.It showed that the total amount of crops straw,decreasing from west to east,per unit sowing area decreasing from northern to southern、west to east,and per capita staw resource decreasing from northern to southern gradually.Based on the factor and the cluster analyzing,the crops straw resources distribution in Shandong province could be divided into four types,resource-rich region,resource-relative-rich region,resource-normally region and resource-poor region.The whole crops straw resource present the characteristic of west abundant and east poor.


This paper examines the variation in gains and losses from migration within the Swedish urban hierarchy. The central questions focus on whether increases in disposable income outweigh the associated increases in housing costs, especially with movements up the urban hierarchy to larger and more expensive locations. The paper extends the literature which considers cost of living adjustments associated with individual and household migration. The questions are addressed using Swedish Census data for 3.5 million individuals and two fixed effect panel models are estimated for four consecutive time periods, 1993-2002. The results consistently show relatively higher increases in disposable income moving up the urban hierarchy. Taking changes in housing expenditure into account, this pattern is however reversed; the largest gains are made by households moving from larger to smaller labour markets, a significantly smaller share of total domestic migration. The results point to factors beyond short term nominal income gains as important in explaining the bulk of domestic migration.


Background: Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) experience profound neutropenia; infections remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Transfusion of functional non-irradiated allogeneic granulocytes may treat or prevent infections in AML patients, and may also have anti-leukemic benefits.
Study Design: Patients free of infection, with a diagnosis of AML or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome undergoing induction or first-salvage therapy were eligible. Allogeneic Granulocyte Transfusions (GTs) were administered to neutropenic (<0.5 × 109/L) patients every 3-4 days until sustained ANC recovery, initiation of new therapy, or completion of 6 weeks on study.
Results: 45 patients enrolled with a median age of 67 years (range 23-83); 27 (60%) were male. Five patients (11%) never received a GT, due to donor screening failure and/or donor unavailability. 119 donors donated 156 granulocyte concentrates to the remaining 40 patients. The median number of GTs transfused per patient was 3 (range 1-9). All patients experienced >1 neutropenic fever, with an average of one infectious episode per patient. Other adverse reactions were urticaria/pruritis (n=1), rash (n=1), and hypotension (n=1). Response to leukemiadirected therapy included complete remission in 50%, overall response rate of 70%, and 8-week mortality of 8%. Median overall survival was 15 months, with 51% 1-year survival.
Conclusion: Administration of non-irradiated functional allogeneic GTs to neutropenic MDS/AML patients is safe and feasible. No transfusion-associated graft-versus-host-disease (TA-GVHD) was reported and no increased toxicity was described, including among the 10% receiving subsequent allogeneic stem cell transplant. The favorable patient outcomes within this diverse group of primarily elderly AML are notable.


The paper analyses the procedural position of the approver in the English criminal trial between the 12th and 16th centuries. The medieval prototype of King's evidence was the approver – a self-confessed felon who accused his accomplices of complicity in his crime. He was required to prove the truth of his accusation, either in trial by battle or by verdict of the jury. In the late 15th century, approvers seem to have become increasingly uncommon. The 16th century saw the development of a practice which historians refer to as "appeachment". Unlike approvement, appeachment did not involve trial by battle, nor did it require accomplices to be convicted.


This study explored multiple biases—the possibility that different biases would concurrently occur in a given situation, and each would exert its influence independently on people's judgments. The study focused on media bias through nonverbal (NV) behavior, where viewers judged an interviewed politician after they viewed the interview with a nonverbally friendly or hostile interviewer. In a meta-analysis of several replications, 2 independent biases were found: media bias (viewers rated the interviewee more favorably when the interviewer's NV behavior was friendlier); and halo effect (viewers rated the interviewee according to the degree that they personally liked him). Regression analyses indicated that these 2 biases operated independently and additively on viewers' judgments. Implications for the study of multiple biases are discussed. jasp_909


This study aims to analyze the influence of marketing including facility, discount, and word of mouth to customer purchasing decision at NAV Family Karaoke Dr. Soetomo Surabaya, branch.The type of research is quantitative. The research data is primary data obtained from the sample with the number of 140 respondents who member in NAV Family Karaoke Dr. Soetomo Surabaya, branch. Sampling technique was done by using questionnaires. The data analysis used is Partial Least Square (PLS). Data processed using SmartPLS 3.The results showed that facility, discount, and word of mouth were affected significant simultaneously and partially to purchasing decision and customer loyaltyThe limitation in the exploration of independent variables which affect the level of consumer purchasing decisions for karaoke. In addition, the use of questionnaires as the technique of data collection occasionally provides inaccurate data to researchers.


This research contributes to the understanding of the process of reconstructing the memory of Jews in contemporary Poland. Focusing on a case study of a town in southern Poland, Mszana Dolna, the study analyses how Jewish/non-Jewish relations and the history of the Jews of the town are remembered by the current inhabitants of Mszana, as well as by Holocaust survivors and their families. The research is based on an interdisciplinary approach to the subject of memory, using in depth oral history interviews, archival and other written materials, as well as participant observation as sources of analysed data. The study concentrates on the memory of the life in Mszana before, during and after the war in terms of the coexistence of two communities, Jewish and non-Jewish ones. Focusing mainly on the annual commemoration of the shooting of the Jews of Mszana in August 1942 by non-Jewish members of the community and their participation in the educational programmes, the research elucidates the process of regaining the Jewish heritage of the town by non-Jewish inhabitants and incorporating it into the past of the community of Mszana. Identifying the variety of levels of interactions between Jews and non-Jews before the war, it argues that the interrupted coexistence of both groups in Mszana resulted in the void which remained after the destroyed Jewish community. The memory of Jews found its place in the oral history for several decades. Through examining the forms of remembrance of the Jews in Mszana, this study attempts to illustrate the transition of the memory of Jews from private sphere of life to the public discourse on the Jewish inheritance of the town.


Objective: To analyze the commercial competitiveness of Mexican mango in the global market, through the determination of growth rates of mango exports, imports and production, as well as the commercial competitiveness indices.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The production data were obtained from the Agrifood and Fishing Information Service (Servicio de Información Agroalimentaria y Pesquera, SIAP), and those of exports and imports from the International Trade Center of UNCTAD/OMC through TRADEMAP. The relative trade balance, the transability index, the export openness index, and the import penetration index were measured.
Results: The relative trade balance in Mexico was very close to 1. The transability index had an average of 0.2. The export openness index was positive every year. The import penetration index had values very close to 0. The exports increased 97% and the imports 30%.
Study Limitations/Implications: The available statistical records for the period of 2005 to 2018 were taken into account, considering all the varieties of mango produced and exported.
Findings/Conclusions: Mango is a primary product highly valued globally and, therefore, demand for this product has increased. Exports had a growing behavior, while imports are very low compared to the exports. The commercial balance was positive every year. Mexico evidenced an increase of competitiveness at the international level.


The study aims to shed light on the relations between enablers of The European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) and its results at Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS). The study adopts the analytical descriptive approach that is applied at PCBS according to a regular random sample of 100 employees to whom the questionnaire is distributed, and the data is analyzed according to the statistical analysis program (SPSS).
The study found out that there is a relation between EFQM's enablers combined with its results at PCBS where the strength of the relation is 86%; moreover, it also shows that there is a statistical relation between leadership, partnerships, resources, processes, products, and services with EFQM's model results and that there is no relation between strategy and staff with EFQM's model results where each enabler is associated with the results with a percentage of (78%) to enable operations, products, services, partnerships, and resources of (75%), (64%) for leadership, (61%) for staff, and (56%) for strategy.
The results highlight a number of points of strength; most importantly, that PCBS is keeping pace with the rapid development of technology in data collection to support the credibility of its statistical outputs; in addition to this, PCBS is known for its high levels of planning and review of its work results and that PCBS administrations supports the areas of excellence, creativity, and opportunities for improvement of its staff as well as supporting PCBS's strategy through a set of performance indicators related to society's needs and measurement of impressions.
The study came out with recommendations, the most important of which is PCBS' efforts towards achieving the second level of the European institutions "recognized for excellence" and updating the European quality excellence model in light of the rapid technological developments and the modern management information systems.


This chapter discusses stump pain or residual limb pain, which arises from the distal end of the stump after amputation. The initial phase, which lasts for 6 weeks, manifests as nociceptive pain that may be followed by neuropathic pain. In 5%–10% of patients with stump pain, the pain evolves to become predominantly neuropathic. In addition, stump pain can be arthrogenic, osteogenic, or infectious. History and physical examination are important in order to determine the origin of pain. Residual persistent ischemia of the stump should be ruled out. The stump should be examined and investigated to rule out the presence of a neuroma. Occasionally, radicular pain, which arises from the lumbosacral levels, presents as stump pain. The most effective management of stump pain is multidisciplinary and multimodal. Acute stump pain is treated with either epidural analgesia or, more commonly, peripheral nerve blocks. Chronic neuropathic pain is treated with antiepileptics such as gabapentin or pregabalin and NMDA receptor antagonists. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, spinal cord stimulation, and peripheral nerve stimulation play a limited role in management of stump pain. Neuromas are treated with radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation, or coblation. Surgery is the least successful modality to treat neuroma.


The problem of obesity is increasing in developed and developing countries. This study aims to analyze data on sociodemographic, consumption behavior, lifestyle, macronutrient intake, and adequacy of nutrition on the prevalence of obesity in adults based on secondary data from RISKESDAS 2013 and SKMI 2014 for the 19–55-year age group in the provinces of North Sulawesi, DKI Jakarta, East Kalimantan, West Papua, and North Sumatra. The relationship of obesity factors was analyzed by bivariate analysis, the risk factors of obesity were analyzed by multivariate analysis, and the level of macronutrients adequacy refers to recommended dietary allowances for adults. Results showed that sociodemographic factors, consumption behavior, and lifestyle were associated significantly with obesity. Sufficient consumption of fruits (at least 5 servings/day for 7 days/week) reduced the risk by 0.957 times. Consumption of energy (1759.22 kcal/ person/day), protein (77.82 g/person/day), and fat (52.49 g/person/day) in obese adults was higher than in normal adults (1690.14 kcal/person/day; 68.80 g/person/day; 45.34 g/person/day). The intake of protein (p = 0.018) and fat (p = 0.002) also the adequacy of protein (p = 0.015) in obese and normal adults showed significant differences.


A 41-year-old woman presented with a left neck mass. Light microscopy suggested metastatic large cell carcinoma, but subsequent electron microscopy demonstrated typical epithelial mesothelioma. Initial clinical investigations were negative and the primary pleural tumor remained inapparent for a further 8 months. The woman ultimately died from the effects of superior vena caval obstruction. Mesotheliomas frequently metastasize late in the course of the disease, but it is exceptional for them to present as a metastatic tumor of unknown primary origin.


A VERTICAL electric dipole in the plane interface between two semi-infinite homogeneous dielectric media is switched on at t = 0 . The resulting electromagnetic field is determined by a new method based on a new representation of the field of a point source as the superposition of the fields of line sources. The field of a line dipole is found by using, first, the conical flow transformation, and then a Jonkowski transformation which leads to a function-theoretic problem of the Riemann-Hilbert type. This problem is solved explicitly and an explicit expression is obtained for the point dipole field at points of the interface. The results are finally compared with those of others.


The Poison Canyon uranium discovery was an important economic event in the Grants Uranium District, New Mexico. Not only was it the first sandstone-hosted uranium deposit discovered and mined that ultimately led to the larger Ambrosia Lake Trend, but the main types of uranium deposits, primary and redistributed, were first recognized in the Poison Canyon Trend. More than 10 million lbs of U3O8 were produced from mines in the Poison Canyon Trend and additional historic resources remain. The Poison Canyon Trend is south of the Ambrosia Lake Trend, north of Grants and Milan in the southern San Juan Basin. The uranium deposits are hosted by the Poison Canyon sandstone, an informal name (economic usage) of one of the uranium-bearing sandstone units at the top of the Westwater Canyon Member or the lower part of the overlying Brushy Basin Member of the Jurassic Morrison Formation. Many of the uranium deposits in the Poison Canyon Trend have been mined out and what uranium remained at these older mines is probably uneconomic to recover, especially in the western portion of the area. The mineral-resource potential for uranium in the unmined portions of the Poison Canyon Trend is high, especially in the eastern portion of the trend. However, it is unlikely that any of these deposits will be mined in the near future because of economic conditions and numerous challenges to mine uranium in New Mexico. 159 New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook, 71st Field Conference, Geology of the Mount Taylor Area, 2021, p. 159-169.


This paper is concerned with the scaling of the number of relay nodes (i.e., hops) individual messages have to transit through in a large-scale wireless ad hoc network (WANET); we call this hop-count as network latency (NL). A large network latency affects all aspects of data communication in a WANET, including an increase in delay, packet loss, and the power needed to process and store messages in nodes lying on the relay path. We consider network management and data routing challenges in WANETs with scalable network latency, e.g., when NL increases only polylogarithmically in the network size. On the physical side, reducing network latency imposes a significantly higher power and bandwidth demand on nodes, and are captured in a set of new bounds derived in this paper. On the protocol front, designing distributed routing protocols that can guarantee the delivery of data packets within a scalable number of hops is a challenging task. To solve this, we introduce multi-resolution randomized hierarchy (MRRH), a novel power and bandwidth efficient WANET protocol with scalable network latency. MRRH uses a randomized algorithm for building and maintaining a random hierarchical network topology, which together with the proposed routing algorithm, can guarantee efficient delivery of data packets in the wireless network. For a network of size N, MRRH can provide an average latency of only O(log3 N). The power consumption and bandwidth requirements of MRRH are shown to be nearly optimal for the latency it provides. Therefore, MRRH is a provably efficient candidate for truly large-scale wireless ad hoc networking.


Aims. We present and analyse late-time observations of the type-Ib supernova with possible pre-supernova progenitor detection, iPTF13bvn, taken at $\sim$300 days after the explosion, and discuss these in the context of constraints on the supernova's progenitor. Previous studies have proposed two possible natures for the progenitor of the supernova, i.e. a massive Wolf-Rayet star or a lower-mass star in close binary system. Methods. Our observations show that the supernova has entered the nebular phase, with the spectrum dominated by Mg~I]$\lambda\lambda$4571, [O~I]$\lambda\lambda$6300, 6364, and [Ca~II]$\lambda\lambda$7291, 7324 emission lines. We measured the emission line fluxes to estimate the core oxygen mass and compare the [O~I]/[Ca~II] line ratio with other supernovae. Results. The core oxygen mass of the supernova progenitor was estimated to be $\lesssim$0.7 M$_\odot$, which implies initial progenitor mass not exceeding $\sim$15 -- 17 M$_\odot$. Since the derived mass is too small for a single star to become a Wolf-Rayet star, this result lends more support to the binary nature of the progenitor star of iPTF13bvn. The comparison of [O~I]/[Ca~II] line ratio with other supernovae also shows that iPTF13bvn appears to be in close association with the lower-mass progenitors of stripped-envelope and type-II supernovae.


Pressure vessel is a container used to store fluids under pressure and temperature. The fluids can be air, water, chemicals, fuel, gases etc. are most commonly used in food and chemical industries, oil refineries and so on. Pressure vessel is subjected to thermal and structural loads for power plant applications. Since the pressure vessel are subjected to both structural and thermal loads stresses, the design of pressure vessel was done using standard code and design methods. In this paper a design methodology is developed for pressure vessel used in Coker Blow-down application based on ASME Section VIII, Division 1 design code. The design methodology has been developed and the same is verified with numerical method so that it will not fail in case of variable pressure and temperature condition. The modelling has been done using SolidWorks-2015 and analysis is done using ANSYS.


In a downlink wireless network, the XOR network coding method was used to combine with the Hybrid-ARQ (HARQ) scheme, which can improve the retransmission efficiency of the wireless network. The average number of transmissions and the average packet delay metrics were used to evaluate the performance of the network coding based HARQ (NC-HARQ). The theoretical analysis was given to compare the NC-HARQ scheme with traditional HARQ scheme, both in the broadcast and unicast scenarios. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the NC-HARQ can reduce the average number of trans-missions and benefit the retransmission efficiency with some packet delay expense.


Background Rheumatoid arthritis patients exhibit a high prevalence of osteoporosis and bone fractures. Furthermore, these patients are reported to be more often affected by delayed or impaired fracture healing. The inflammatory disease itself but also antirheumatic drugs are suspected to contribute to these complications. Recent animal studies suggest a negative correlation existing between comorbidities such as autoimmune diseases, diabetes, high blood pressure or smoking and impaired fracture healing. However, there are only a few studies focusing on the number of afflicted patients indicating the negative impact of comorbidities or even standard medications. Objectives The aim of this study is to identify clinically relevant potential risk factors (including medications) for fracture healing disorders. According to the Federal Health Monitoring System-report 20111 14,746 non-unions, 1,421 delayed unions as well as 2,628 mal unions were documented in Germany emphasizing the importance of our study to identify potentially undervalued risk factors. Methods A single-center retrospective study has been performed based on the database of the Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery at Charité University Hospital Berlin. To identify target patients, we filtered the patients data based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10). Patients in 2012 undergoing a surgical treatment due to fracture healing complications were included. We defined an age below 18 years at initial fracture, open fracture, and tumor or metastasis closed to fracture location as exclusion criteria. Our data were matched with respective information available on the general German population. Results To date, 70 patients were included, 35 (50.0%) women and 35 (50.0%) men. The data suggest similar prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (5 patients, 0.71%) with respect to the general population of Germany (0.65% to 0.8%1). Compared to the general population (30.0%1), the rate of smoking persons with age above 18 is numerically higher in our cohort (27 patients, 38,9%). The prevalence of high blood pressure is considerably higher (30 patients, 42,9%) than in the general population (23,1%1). Furthermore, we found a similar prevalence for diabetes type 2 (6 patients, 8,6% in study, 8.9% in general population1). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first retrospective study focusing on risk factors for bone healing complications in Germany. The result we have obtained so far support the relations known from in vitro and in vivo studies in humans. High blood pressure as well as smoking appear to have a negative influence on fracture healing outcome. For rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes type 2 we could not show difference so far. Next we will survey a larger cohort of patients suffering from fracture-healing complications which will be compared to a randomized control group. References GBE-Bund (Federal Health Monitoring System). Disclosure of Interest None declared DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2243


The extent to which human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 is transcribed and the nature of the transcripts produced in genital precancers has not been clearly defined. The authors analyzed 28 cases of cervical (CIN) or vulvar (VIN) intraepithelial neoplasia by RNA-RNA in situ hybridization, using probes generated from HPV 16 open reading frames (ORFs) either upstream (E6-E7) or downstream (E2-E5-L2) to the E1 ORF, where HPV 16 genomic integration most commonly occurs. Hybridization signals corresponding to one or both probes were detected in a high proportion of cells throughout the lesional epithelium of low- and high-grade CIN, including basal layers. In serial sections analyzed with the two probes, hybridization signals were obtained from both, and in similar proportion, irrespective of CIN grade. The distribution and character of hybridization signals suggests that the morphologic progression of precancers is not associated with either cessation of HPV 16 early transcription or a change in the general character of the transcripts produced.


John Latham's (1921- 2006) 'monuments to the period we live in', two partially preserved groups of oil shale bings which were initially the voluminous waste by-product of early energy production industries in Scotland, were conceived within a synthesis of methods originally developed by the Artist Placement Group (APG) 1965 – 89 and the proclivities of this controversial artist. This article builds on Richardson (2012) and links with curatorial research (Hudek, Ravens Row, 2012), (Walker, 1976, 1994) and onsite environmental research (Harvie, 2005), to contextualise various items within the Artist Placement Group Archive at Tate Britain's Hyman Keitman Research Centre. Richardson explains why Latham's reimagination of these sites as 'monumental process sculptures' one of which he renamed Niddrie Woman (1976), have such resonance. He considers their methodological context and their future conservation as sculptural monuments, and how their continued recognition in the artworld is increasingly dependent on their assessment as 'hotspots' of biodiversity.


The single-particle potentials and other properties at absolute zero temperature in isospin asymmetric nuclear matter are investigated in the frame of an extended Brueckner theory. Also thermal quantities are calculated in asymmetric nuclear matter using CD-Bonn potential and the Urbana three-body forces (3BF). Also, the effects of the hole–hole contributions are investigated within the self-consistent Greens function approach. The inclusion of 3BF or the hole–hole contributions improves the predicted saturation property of symmetric nuclear matter within the Brueckner–Hartree–Fock approach and it leads to a significant stiffening of the density dependence of symmetry energy at high densities but the exact saturation point is not reproduced. This is of great importance in astrophysical calculation. A phenomenological term simulating the three-body interaction is introduced to assure the empirical saturation property. The hot properties of asymmetric nuclear matter such as the internal energy and the press...


PURPOSE
We conducted external comparisons for the prevalence of asthma, hypertension, diabetes, and cancer among World Trade Center (WTC) general responders using the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) as the reference, along with internal comparisons for the incidence of asthma.

METHODS
Standardized Morbidity Ratios (SMRs) were calculated for the prevalence of the health conditions, and risk ratios (RRs) for asthma incidence.

RESULTS
Relative to the NHIS, asthma prevalence was in excess in responders over the study years (age-adjusted SMRs = 1.3-2.8). Hypertension prevalence began to exceed expected from 2006 while diabetes was lower than expected. An upward trend towards excess cancer prevalence was observed. Internal comparisons showed elevated asthma incidence among protective service and utility workers compared to construction workers; while those who arrived at the WTC site in the morning of 9/11 had a lower asthma risk than those who arrived in the afternoon.

CONCLUSIONS
The use of NHIS data as a reference population demonstrates and reconfirms several important patterns of excess risk in WTC responders. External comparisons are an alternative for disaster cohorts without an established comparison group.


. The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is spreading rapidly and exposure to this virus is no longer confined to formerly defined "high risk" groups. No studies have been reported to establish the incidence of the HIV antibody in a college population of a nonmetropolitan, Midwestern, "conservative" community. Behavior and attitudes of college students impact on the probability of an increase in sexually transmitted AIDS cases in the heterosexual community. Knowledge of HIV transmission, sexual attitudes, and behavior of entering freshmen in a Midwestern university with about 17,000 students were examined using a questionnaire to establish demographic characteristics, social and sexual attitudes and activities, and knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases, especially AIDS. The questionnaire was randomly distributed to 1,450 students; 941 questionnaires were completed of which 97.8% were freshmen. Less than one third reported never having had intercourse; of the sexually active, nearly 82% had had intercourse by their eighteenth birthday. Most were aware of AIDS and its transmission, although very few reported using rec-ommended means to avoid exposure to the virus. Data suggest that current educational programs regarding sex and AIDS are not impacting on these young people. The survey results reveal a need for educational programs at earlier age levels or a major change in the current methods. OHIO J. SCI. 90 (5): 160-167, 1990


Background: Trastuzumab (T) combined with chemotherapy has been the standard of care for pts with HER2+ EG cancer. Resistance to T is now emerging in this population. Afatinib (A), a potent ErbB Family Blocker, induced nearly complete tumor regression in MSKCC HER2+ patient derived xenografts (PDX). We report the initial results of a phase II study of afatinib in patients with T refractory EG cancer. Methods: Pts with HER2+ (IHC 3+ or FISH>2.0) EG cancer -progressive on trastuzumab -received A 40 mg. Archival pre-T tissue, tumor biopsy after progression on T and after 1 week on A mandated on protocol. The primary endpoint-overall disease control: stable disease (SD) or partial response (PR). Results: 14 pts treated with A; median duration 5.1 mos (1.7 to 12.1 mos), median 2 (1 to 4) prior T regimens, 64% of tumors IHC3+; 36% IHC2+/FISH>2.2. Adverse events included: diarrhea (Grade 1/2:69%), fatigue (Grade1/2: 54%), rash (Grade 1/2:54%), mucositis (Grade1: 23%), paronychia (Grade 1/2:15%). 4 of 14 pts (28%) with disease control (PR or SD); including 1 pt with confirmed PR - a durable 75% regression of biopsy proven metastases. Median OS 6.6 mos (1.9 to NR). PDXs established from biopsies of T refractory tumors of 5 pts. EGFR amplification was detected in the tumor of the patient with PR on afatinib, suggesting EGFR amplification as a predictor of response to afatinib. High level of HER2 amplification was retained in post-trastuzumab resistance sample suggesting ongoing dependence on HER2. PIK3CA mutations were observed in tumors of 33% (2 of 6) patients, ERBB3 mutations in 33% cases (2 of 6), and MTOR or FBXW7 mutations in 50% (3 of 6) patients. Conclusions: Afatinib shows clinical efficacy in patients with T refractory EG cancer. The study met the criteria for expansion of the accrual based on original Simon9s minimax two-stage design. Efforts to elucidate the mechanisms of T resistance including validation of potential drivers of T resistance using HER2+ PDXs are ongoing. Updated molecular and clinical data will be presented. Citation Format: Yelena Y. Janjigian, Tooba Imtiaz, David H. Ilson, David B, Solit, Michael F. Berger, Efsevia Vakiani. A phase II study of afatinib (A) in patients (pts) with metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2)-positive trastuzumab (T) refractory esophagogastric (EG) cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr CT228. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-CT228


The systems of classification of rock mass give, apart from useful qualitative and quantitative indications about the problems connected to the excavation of tunnels and the stability of slopes, also qualitative indications about the strength envelope and about deformability. This paper means to dwell upon the evaluation of deformability of rock masses by passing through the relations available in literature and by discussing the fundamental parameters on which these relations are based, which need to be verified with adequate in situ - tests. An application of some of literature relations to the Bari Limestone rock mass has been developed, on the basis of the achievements obtained through the use of the methods of classification of Bieniawski and Barton and by comparing the results obtained with the ones obtained from in situ tests. Key Words : Deformability modulus, Rock classification systems


[From the Introduction] In May 2004 the European Union (EU) was enlarged to include ten new member states. Romania and Bulgaria followed in 2007. Although so far Slovenia is the only new member state that has adopted the EU's single currency (the euro) the other eleven of these twelve countries will do so at some point in the future, after two years of membership in the Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) mark II, and after their levels of public debt and deficit, inflation and interest rates were brought to the standards of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) set by the Maastricht treaty. However, EMU was associated with substantial economic and political strains within and among EU member states in the 1990s. In addition, in recent years leading member states have breached the rules governing fiscal policies in the EU, which are part of the EU's monetary regime. Eventually these rules were made more flexible. Perhaps more worryingly, competitiveness of industries in some of the member states, notably the Mediterranean ones, has been continuously eroding since they joined the euro zone. Unable to devalue their currencies to regain this lost competitiveness these economies face significant potential imbalances. All of this suggests that potential or even actual membership of various EU member states in the third stage of EMU should not be taken for granted. The purpose of this study is to develop a quantitative indicator of the economic and political adjustment burden of EMU to its member states' societies and to argue that proper domestic political institutions can reduce this burden for the member states by enhancing cabinet duration. 1 This is not a financial cost-benefit balance of EMU. Rather, this study attempts to measure how large are the adjustments that a member state's society would have to bear after joining the union. The adjustment burden indicator is based on optimum currency area theory, adjusted for political variables. Other things being constant a higher adjustment burden makes a currency union less sustainable and must be compensated for by other factors to make it sustainable.


ABSTRACT Conditions consistent with tolerance or immunoregulation have been observed in experimental Candida albicansvaginal infections. The present study investigated the role of γ/δ T cells in experimental vaginal candidiasis. Results showed that T-cell receptor δ-chain-knockout mice had significantly less vaginal fungal burden when compared to wild-type mice, suggesting an immunoregulatory role for γ/δ T cells in Candidavaginitis.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics of the Korean rice wine, makgeolli, supplemented with omija berries (Schizandra chinensis Baillon) during the fermentation. The changes in pH, total acidity and contents of ethanol, amino acid, total soluble solids, reducing sugar, and total sugar after the completion of fermentation were determined. In comparison with control, omija-supplemented makgeolli showed significantly lower pH (3.46), lower contents of alcohol (17.2%), amino acids (1.85 g/L), and total sugar (17.5 g/L), and higher acidity (12.8 g/L). Moreover, supplementation with omija resulted in significantly higher antioxidant capacity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, superoxide dismutase-like activity and reducing power, and higher levels of total polyphenol and flavonoid. Sensory evaluation revealed no significant difference on the overall acceptance, although better appearance and refreshing taste of omija-supplemented makgeolli were observed. Our results indicate that omija represents an effective natural additive for enhancing the biological activities of makgeolli.


In recent development of Copper-Alumina metal matrix composites, the applications which need the materials with high thermal and electrical conductivity are attracting researchers interest. Copper matrix was reinforced with Al2O3 particles with varying amounts of Al2O3 by weight were prepared by powder metallurgy (PM) route having size less than 10µm. Copper powder which is electrolytic and atomized of size 45μm are used to fabricate the MMC's. The powder is blended and compacted at optimized load of 350, 400 & 450MPa to produce green compacts of h|/d ratio in the range 1.1 to 1.5 and sintered in hydrogen reducing atmosphere at temperature of 800 0 C for 1 hour. and then furnace cooled to room temperature. Wear behaviour of the composite will investigated on a pin-on-disc machine to find out effects of hardness on the composites which prepared by varying the amount of alumina in copper matrix and compare it with the previous work on the composites.


Abstract This paper researches the thermal stability of eccentrically stiffened plates made of functionally graded materials (FGM) with metal–ceramic–metal layers subjected to thermal load. The equilibrium and compatibility equations for the plates are derived by using the first-order shear deformation theory of plates, taking into account both the geometrical nonlinearity in the von Karman sense and initial geometrical imperfections with Pasternak type elastic foundations. By applying Galerkin method and using stress function, effects of material and geometrical properties, elastic foundations, temperature-dependent material properties, and stiffeners on the thermal stability of the eccentrically stiffened S-FGM plates in thermal environment are analyzed and discussed.


The diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of minor motor epilepsy, based on study of 698 children, are discussed; 622 were followed for intervals ranging from 3 to 22 years. Minor motor seizures begin most often between 3 and 12 months of age. Brain damage is prominent in the general clinical manifestations of patients with minor motor epilepsy. Hypsarhythmic abnormalities are present in the electroencephalograms of most patients. Minor motor seizures rarely recur after 5 or 6 years of age. These spells are exceedingly difficult to control with anticonvulsant drugs. A ketogenic diet is the most effective therapy. The most serious aspect of minor motor epilepsy is the associated mental retardation. Presumptive etiologic factors are discussed.


Since its invention by McEliece in 1978, cryptography based on Error Correcting Codes (ECC) has suffered from the reputation of not being suitable for constrained devices. Indeed, McEliece's scheme and its variants have large public keys and relatively long ciphertexts. Recent works on these downsides explored the possible use of ECC based on rank metric instead of Hamming metric. These codes were introduced in the late 80's to eliminate errors with repeating patterns, regardless of their Hamming weight. Numerous proposals for the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) competition rely on these codes. It has been proven that lattice-based cryptography and even hash-based signatures can run on lightweight devices, but the question remains for code-based cryptography. In this work, we demonstrate that this is actually possible for rank metric: we have implemented the encryption operation of 5 schemes based on ECC in rank metric and made them run on an Arm Cortex-M0 processor, the smallest Arm processor available. We describe the technical difficulties of porting rank-based cryptography to a resource-constrained device while maintaining decent performance and a suitable level of security against side-channel attacks, especially timing attacks.