During the last decade, digital X-ray imaging systems have been replacing analog X-ray imaging systems of conventional X-ray film-screen combination for radiography applications. Indirect detection methods consisted of an X-ray converter (or a scintillator film) and photodiode arrays are more widely used in medical diagnoses and industrial fields. Two major scintillation materials such as terbium doped gadolinium oxysulfide (Gd 2 O 2 S:Tb, GOS) and thallium doped cesium iodide (CsI:Tl) are commonly used. In this work, GOS scintillator films were manufactured by mixing and thermal hardening of Gd 2 O 2 S:Tb powder, dispersion agent, hardening agent, and other organic additives. And CsI:Tl scintillator films with columnar structure were also fabricated by the thermal evaporation method. The scintillation properties, such as emission spectrum and light yield etc., of the GOS and CsI:Tl films were measured by X-ray luminescence and photo-luminescence (PL) methods. The maximum luminescent intensity of both scintillators was observed at 540–560nm wavelength. In order to investigate the imaging performances of both GOS and CsI:Tl films as converters of X-ray imaging detectors, both scintillator films were coupled with an CCD sensor. The light response to X-ray dose, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), spatial resolution were measured and analyzed under the same X-ray conditions. As X-ray dose increases, the SNR curves showed linear relationship. And the spatial resolution of two scintillator films was resolved at 7∼8lp/mm.


Abstract The advent of the Semantic Web and of the Linked Data initiative have contributed to new perspectives and opportunities regarding terminology work. Among them are the double dimension approach and the theoretical perspective of ontoterminology anchored therein, which explore the synergies resulting from the systematic organisation of both term systems and concept systems. By doing so, they provide a theoretical and methodological foundation underlying the creation of knowledge-based terminological products that can support the conception and development of different types of e‑dictionaries. Within that scope, and based on examples pertaining to two different subject fields, namely endometriosis and Islamic archaeology, this article aims to propose a framework for the creation of a terminological e-dictionary, defined as a reference resource in a specific domain that gathers, structures and describes linguistic data in a systematic way in one, two or more languages, in order to define concepts that are denoted by terms.


We study photonic, neutrino and charged particle signatures from slow decays of gravitino dark matter in supersymmetric theories where R-parity is explicitly broken by trilinear operators. Photons and (anti-)fermions from loop and tree-level processes give rise to spectra with distinct features, which, if observed, can give crucial input on the possible mass of the gravitino and the magnitude and flavour structure of R-violating operators. Within this framework, we make detailed comparisons of the theoretical predictions to the recent experimental data from PAMELA, ATIC and Fermi LAT. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.


The mission met with government officials from the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development (MoFED), comprising the departments responsible for debt management (DeM), i.e. the Public Debt Management Office (PDMO), executing the middle and back office functions, and the Departments of International Cooperation, and Financial and Capital Markets, which function as the front offices for foreign and domestic debt. The team also met with other relevant government agencies, and a private bank to complete the assessment. A meeting was arranged with the development partners in the country to inform them of the government's request for a DeMPA and the key dimensions to be assessed during the exercise; and to gain insights from their experiences. The meeting schedule is given in annex one. This mission falls mainly within the scope of the assistance provided by the World Bank and its partners to improve debt management capacity in developing countries. To this end, the DeMPA tool is based on a methodological approach that facilitates evaluation of performance using different indicators that bring together all debt management functions. These indicators cover the following areas of activity: (i) governance and strategy development; (ii) coordination with macroeconomic policies; (iii) borrowing and related financing activities; (iv) cash flow forecasting and cash balance management; and (v) debt recording and operational risk management. The DeMPA assesses the strengths and weaknesses of each country's debt management without making recommendations or assumptions as to the potential effects of reforms under way.


In this paper, copper oxide (CuO) thin films were deposited on polyimide plastic substrates by spray pyrolysis technique at different temperatures from 250 to 300°C. All the deposited films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectrophotometer, and hall effect measurements for the investigation of structural, optical, and electrical properties. The effects of substrate temperature on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of the films were studied. The XRD results revealed that all the CuO films have a facecentered cubic structure. The crystallite grain size was calculated using Scherrer formula and it was found that at the substrate temperature of 300°C, the CuO film presented maximum crystallite grain size of about 81.2 nm. The root mean square (RMS) roughness of the films was measured by scanning tunneling microscopy. RMS was increased with the rise of temperature. The optical transmission measurements by UV-visible spectrophotometer were used to determine the energy gap of the CuO films. Results showed that the optical energy gap has decreased with increasing the substrate temperature. Hall effect measurements showed that all the films are of p-type conductivity. Depending on the substrate temperature, hall measurement showed that the electrical resistivity and carrier concentration are varied from 77.4 Ω cm to 52.7 Ω cm and from 6.3 × 1015 cm−3 to 10.1 × 1015 cm−3, respectively. Index Terms — Copper oxide, Chemical spray pyrolysis, Thin


Purpose: To investigate the combined antitumor activity in mice of immunotoxin SS1P and Taxol. Methods: Immunodeficient mice were implanted with A431/K5 tumors expressing mesothelin. Established tumors were treated i.v. with immunotoxin SS1P alone, i.p. with Taxol alone, or with the two agents together. SS1P was radiolabeled with 111In and used to study the effect of Taxol on its uptake by A431/K5 tumors. Results: Using doses at which either agent alone caused stabilization of tumor growth, the combination was synergistic causing long-lasting complete remissions in many animals. In contrast, synergy was not observed when the same cells were treated with these agents in vitro. Tumor uptake of 111In-SS1P was not affected by treatment with Taxol. Conclusion: The combination of Taxol and SS1P exerts a synergistic antitumor effect in animals but not in cell culture. This effect is not secondary to increased tumor uptake of the immunotoxin. Synergy could be due to improved immunotoxin distribution within the tumor or could involve factors released by other cell types in the tumors.


Saturated with gloom, anxiety, mirth or irony, discourses of men in crisis are ubiquitous. Critically surveying available empirical evidence and the ever-expanding conceptual apparatus for deconstructing and refiguring masculinities, this article reflects upon the historical, social, cultural and political landscape of crisis literature. It considers the limitations of attempts to reform or undo some of the unwanted repercussions of manhood, whether endeavouring to reform, deconstruct, subvert, reclaim or ironize social attitudes, texts or performances of masculinity.


Objective: To examine the value of 'trust' in the delivery of patient centred care for young people with Type 1 diabetes. Design: A longitudinal, quantitative study using semi-structured interviews and observation of consultations using the constant comparative method. Setting: Seven clinical centres in three Health Boards in Scotland. Participants: Nineteen health care professionals and 65 young people. Results: Conclusions: Two distinct barriers (the audit culture and medicalisation) interfere with the establishment of long-term reciprocity between health care professionals and young people with diabetes, which diminishes the development of trust based relationships. To improve the reciprocity necessary for maintaining these long-term relationships requires both an appreciation of these barriers and a change in management strategy to nullify their impact.


Enlargement of bacterial cells during bacteriophage replication has been observed in the past with T-even, Lambda and N4 bacteriophages by the use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and light microscopy techniques and hypotheses explaining the enlargement of bacteriophage-infected cells have been postulated in literature. In this study, enlarged Escherichia coli cells were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after 45 min of a P4-like bacteriophage infection. These bacteria were also studied using scanning auger microscopy (SAM) in combination with anthe Argon-ion gunof a scanning Auger microscope (SAM) by which the bacteria were etched.  Neither SEM nor SAM have been used during the analysis of bacteriophage infected enlarged host cells, making this study unique. The use of SAM on bacteriophage-related investigations is also novel. Small phage-like particles were observed inside the etched enlarged and etched normal bacteriophage-exposed host cells. The presence of bacteriophage-like particles inside both types of cells confirmed that the enlarged cells, which were scarce in this sample, were not artifacts of some kind such as contamination by other microorganisms. Due to the scarcity of these enlarged cells, it was concluded that a previous hypothesis on tThe enlargement of bacteriophage infected host cells coincides with previous studies reported in literature, did not apply to thebut never before with P4-like bacteriophages. used in this study.

 Key words: Bacteriophage, coliphage, replication cycle, Esherichia coli, Nano scanning electron microscopy.


SDZ 64-412 is a trimethoxyphenylethylphenyl imidazo[2,1-a] isoquinoline molecule that displays marked in vitro inhibition of platelet activating factor (PAF)-induced human platelet aggregation (IC50 = 60 nM) but is without inhibition (at 100 microM) of epinephrine-, ADP- or collagen-induced aggregation. SDZ 64-412 antagonized receptor binding of radiolabeled PAF to human platelet membranes with an IC50 = 60 nM. In the rat, SDZ 64-412 inhibited 100 ng kg-1 PAF-induced hypotension when given i.v. (ED50 = 0.23 mg kg-1) or p.o. (ED50 = 13 mg kg-1). In the guinea pig, SDZ 64-412 inhibited 50 ng kg-1 PAF-induced bronchoconstriction (ED50 = 4.2 mg kg-1 p.o.) and hemoconcentration (ED50 = 5.0 mg kg-1 p.o.). SDZ 64-412 exhibited oral activity in the dog against 1.5 micrograms kg-1 PAF-induced hypotension (ED50 = 5.1 mg kg-1 p.o.) and hemoconcentration (ED50 = 4.9 mg kg-1) and 3.5 micrograms kg-1 PAF-induced hemoconcentration in the cebus primate (ED50 = 12.8 mg kg-1 p.o.). SDZ 64-412 protected in a dose-dependent manner against PAF-induced lethality (LD75 = 75 micrograms kg-1 i.v.) in mice, where 20 mg kg-1 p.o. improved survival from 25 +/- 4% to 77 +/- 8%. SDZ 64-412 afforded complete protection against endotoxin-induced lethality (LD90 = 7.5 mg kg-1 endotoxin i.v.) where the ED50 was 45 mg kg-1 twice predose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


A significant quantity of native vegetation and biodiversity exists on privately managed rangeland properties. However, landholders do not always conserve these resources at a level that society desires, due to a lack of appropriate market signals. Policies involving regulation can impose substantial costs to landholders. Market Based Instruments (MBI) have therefore been introduced to provide market incentives for conservation. In a case study of an MBI scheme, we estimate the costs of protecting biodiversity on privately managed properties in Western NSW. The cost of this on different conservation areas varied widely.


Abstarct: The very hot and power-hungry x-ray filaments in today's computed tomography (CT) scanners constrain their design to be big and stationary. What if we built a CT scanner that could be deployed at the scene of a car accident to acquire tomographic images before moving the victim? Recent developments in nanotechnology have shown that carbon nanotubes can produce x-rays at room temperature, and with relatively low power needs. We propose a design for a portable and flexible CT scanner made up of an addressable array of tiny x-ray emitters and detectors. In this paper, we outline a basic design, propose a strategy for reconstruction, and demonstrate the feasibility of reconstruction using experiments on a software simulation of the flexible scanner. These simulations show that reconstruction quality is stable over a wide range of scanner geometries, while progressively larger errors in the scanner geometry induce progressively larger errors. We also raise a number of issues that still need to be overcome to build such a scanner.


Intra‐abdominal adhesions are a costly, long‐term sequela of abdominal surgeries. They occur in up to 94% of patients following abdominal operation and cause significant postoperative morbidity including difficult reoperative surgeries, small bowel obstructions, and infertility. The pathophysiology of adhesion formation remains poorly defined, and a uniformly effective method of adhesion prevention does not exist. Research focused on understanding the mechanisms underlying adhesion formation is essential for the development of safe and effective therapeutic approaches to adhesion prevention. The proinflammatory peptide substance P (SP), known to participate in inflammatory and wound‐healing events, may contribute to the early processes of adhesion formation. SP is the most widely studied ligand of the neurokinin‐1 receptor (NK‐1R), and we have determined in a rat model that intraoperative administration of an NK‐1R antagonist, CJ‐12–255 (Pfizer), that blocks ligand binding to the NK‐1R, significantly reduces adhesion formation. It also has been determined that animals administered the NK‐1R antagonist intraperitoneally have increased peritoneal fibrinolytic and matrix metalloproteinase activities, and reduced levels of oxidative stress postoperatively, all of which may contribute to the observed reduction in adhesion formation. Studies suggest that intra‐abdominal adhesion formation begins within hours of surgery and that the regulation of fibrin deposition, and degradation is of key importance. A pharmacologic agent, such as an NK‐1R antagonist, administered at the time of surgery that could augment postoperative peritoneal fibrinolytic activity without compromising wound healing, would be a beneficial tool in the prevention of postoperative adhesions.


Since the late 1970s, over 140 global environmental assessments (GEAs) have been completed. But are they any longer fit for purpose? Some believe not. Compelling arguments have been advanced for a new assessment paradigm, one more focussed on problem-solving than problem-identification. If translated into new assessment practices, this envisaged paradigm could prevail for the next several decades, just as the current one has since the late 1970s. In this paper, it is contended that the arguments for GEAs 2.0 are, in fact, insufficiently bold. Solutions-orientated assessments, often associated with a 'policy turn' by their advocates, are undoubtedly necessary. But without a 'politics turn' they will be profoundly insufficient: policy options would be detached from the diverse socio-economic explanations and 'deep hermeneutics' of value that ultimately give them meaning, especially given the very high stakes now attached to managing human impacts on a fast-changing planet. Here we make the case for GEAs 3.0, where two paradigmatic steps forward are taken at once rather than just one. The second step involves the introduction of political reasoning and structured normative debate about existential alternatives, a pre-requisite to strategic decision-making and its operational expression. Possible objections to this second step are addressed and rebutted. Even so, the case for politically-overt GEAs faces formidable difficulties of implementation. However, we consider these challenges less a sign of our undue idealism and more an indication of the urgent need to mitigate, if not overcome them. In a world of 'wicked problems' we need 'wicked assessments' adequate to them, preparatory to so-called 'clumsy solutions'. This paper is intended to inspire more far-reaching debate about the future of GEAs and, by implication, about the roles social science and the humanities might usefully play in addressing global environmental change.


Background Involvement is one of the most important determinants of consumers' behaviour. Considering the special position of the pharmaceutical products in public health and peace of mind, awareness from consumer involvement toward these products is very helpful for health system policy makers. To this end, access to a valid reliable tool to evaluate this concept is of great importance. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of a popular related questionnaire, naming Consumer Involvement Profile (CIP), to be used to assess consumers' involvement regarding pharmaceutical products.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to March 2021 in Hamadan, Iran. Data were gathered using the 16-item CIP questionnaire with sentences adapted for the pharmaceutical products. Content validity, internal consistency, overtime reliability based on the test-retest method, construct validity (including convergent and discriminant validity), and goodness of fit were evaluated for the questionnaire. Results Data obtained from 357 respondents underwent analysis. Overtime reliability was confirmed by a coefficient equal to 0.836 (p-value= 0.000). Cronbach's alpha was only lower than 0.6 for the "risk probability" dimension. Regarding the convergent validity, two items had loading factors less than 0.5, which were omitted from the modified model. All CR values were higher than the corresponding AVE values. However, for two dimensions CR was less than 0.7. Although, based on the MSV, ASV and Fornell-Larcker test, importance, risk probability and risk importance, as well as importance with pleasure showed some overlaps, the discriminant validity was confirmed by HTMT. Goodness of fit indices were completely satisfying for the both primary and modified models. Conclusion The CIP questionnaire showed an acceptable performance to measure the consumers' involvement in pharmaceutical products. This is the first study to introduce a valid tool based on a well-known scale for measuring consumer involvement in the field of medicines. Such instruments facilitate to manufacturers and policymakers in this field to make informed decisions and promote community health.


Purpose – The study revisits the meaning of Corporate Identity (CI) in practice to identify its key dimensions and the interrelationships between them, and to provide insights on how to operationalize the construct.

Design/methodology/approach – This study is based on a comprehensive literature review and qualitative research consisting of 22 semi-structured interviews with senior managers from 11 UK-leading companies, and three in-depth interviews with corporate brand consultants who worked closely with these firms in cognate areas.

Findings – The study identifies six key dimensions of CI in UK industry: communication, visual identity, behavior, organizational culture, stakeholder management, and founder value-based leadership.

Research limitations/implications – The focus on UK leading companies limits the generalizability of the results. Further studies should be conducted in other sectors and country settings to examine the relationships identified in the current study.

Originality/value – This study identifies the salient dimensions of CI and, for the first time, the role of founder transformational leadership, employee identification and top management behavioral leadership as key dimensions and sub-dimensions of CI. The study also provides novel insights about the measurements for these dimensions. Additionally, this study introduces a model for the interrelationships between CI dimensions and their influence on corporate image, based on rigorous theoretical underpinnings, which lays the foundation for future empirical testing.


The resonance Raman spectra of water-soluble porphyrins, M(TMpy-P4) (M = Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(III] and their mixtures with poly(dG-dC)2, poly(dA-dT)2 and calf thymus and salmon DNAs were measured using a divided rotating cell to determine the magnitudes of frequency shift and intensity variation resulting from M(TMpy-P4)-nucleic acid interactions. Bands II(C beta-H bending, approximately 1100 cm-1) and VIII(C beta-C beta stretch, approximately 1570 cm-1) show a large and small upward shift, respectively, when Cu(TMpy-P4) and Ni(TMpy-P4) are intercalated at the G-C sites. In contrast, these bands show a small upward and downward shift, respectively, when Co(TMpy-P4) is groove-bound at the A-T sites of nucleic acids. Both Bands V (approximately 1260 cm-1) and IX (approximately 1646 cm-1) which originate in the N-methylpyridyl group always show small downward shifts due to coulombic interaction between the N-CH3+ group of TMpy-P4 and the PO2 group of the nucleic acid.


Exact solutions with three-wave form including three solitary wave, breather-type two-solitary wave, doubly breather-type of solitary wave, double-periodic kind of solitary wave are obtained using bilinear form and extended three-wave approach with the aid of Maple. It is important that completed elastic collision, non-completed elastic collision, and fusion of three waves are investigated, respectively.


A year long study group brought teachers and researchers working in urban contexts in US public schools together to examine literacy practices incorporating students' community literacies into schooled tasks. The goal was to provide teacher development in making connections across their students' community literacies and the academic literacy they focused on in their classrooms. Most of the teachers initially had narrowly defined concepts of literacy, equating it with traditional school tasks. Researchers prompted identification of students' community literacies, discussed pedagogical implications related to the inclusion of these literacies in the classroom, and collaborated in developing pedagogical orientations. Results indicate that development of teachers' constructs of community literacies and literacy practices fostered changes in understanding students' participation with literacy and resulting competencies. Collaboration resulted in agentic choice to counter institutional constraints threatening instructional mediation of community literacies. These results promote teacher development in literacy using collaborative models, with potential for transfer internationally.


When it comes to women in professional hierarchies, it is important to recognize the lack of representation at the higher levels. By modeling these situations we hope to draw attention to the issues currently plaguing professional atmospheres. In a paper by Clifton et. al. (2019), they model the fraction of women at any level in a professional hierarchy using the parameters of hiring gender bias and internal homophily on behalf of the applicant. This thesis will focus on a key theory in Clifton et. al.'s analysis and explain its role in the model, specifically bifrucation analysis. In order to analyze the results from Clifton et. al., we give an introduction to bifrucation analysis for the reader. We will then suggest and analyze expansions of Clifton et. al.'s model and discussion of future directions.


Migraine is a common neurological disorder that has deserved attention since Antiquity. The English physician Gilbertus Anglicus dedicated a separate chapter of his thirteenth-century Compendium medicinae to it, which was then reproduced in some medical manuscripts from the later Middle Ages. MS Sloane 3486 and Wellcome MS 537 are two extant Middle English translations of the Latin exemplar composed by the end of the fifteenth century. This work will analyze how their copyists reduced Anglicus' long theoretical dissertations on the aetiology and semiology of migraine, in order to emphasize the real therapeutic needs of a nonuniversity-trained audience.


This article is devoted to the analysis of vahdad ul vujud concept in the spiritual heritage of the great medieval thinker Alisher Navoi. Within the framework of this concept the world is subdivided into two hypostases, the first of which implies necessary being or wajib ul wujud, by which Allah is meant, and the second one implies possible being, by which acidentia is meant. It should be noted that these two hypostases are in no way opposed to each other, but like yin and yang are interrelated.


Background Because resources are scarce in health care, costs and consequences of new interventions must be assessed to support informed policy decisions. This thesis analyses the cost-effectiveness of advanced postoperative pain treatment and perioperative haemodynamic optimization by applying decision modelling as an analytic framework. 1. Postoperative pain treatment refers to epidural analgesia and to patient-controlled intravenous analgesia. Based on the superior analgesic effect found in clinical trials, epidural analgesia is regarded as the gold standard following major surgery, but a drawback is the high failure rate (10–15%). Considering that approximately 40 000 patients are treated by epidural analgesia per year in Sweden, costs and consequences of this clinical problem are substantial. 2. Haemodynamic optimization refers to fluid protocols targeted to increase blood flow, referred to as goal-directed haemodynamic treatment. These protocols are beneficial in the perioperative care of high-risk patients, but there is lack of evidence in elderly patients. In Sweden 20 000 patients are operated on each year for proximal femoral fracture, with poor postoperative outcome. Large trials are required to assess whether any protocol of the goaldirected haemodynamic treatment is beneficial in the elderly population, in terms of outcome and health care costs. Considering the cost and complexity of such a trial, a prior costeffectiveness analysis might be adequate to guide the initiation of such a trial. Methods 1. Epidural analgesia vs. patient-controlled intravenous analgesia: Paper I: A decision-analytic cost-effectiveness model was developed to analyse data of a clinical database on pain treatment following major abdominal surgery. Paper II: Postoperative intensive care costs were analysed on data from patients included in a previously published trial on postoperative pain treatment following thoracoabdominal oesophagectomy. 2. Goal-directed haemodynamic treatment vs. traditional fluid treatment in elderly patients: Paper III: A decision-analytic cost-effectiveness model was developed, and relevant data from published trials and national registries were analysed. As the clinical outcome for elderly patients was previously unknown, reasonable estimates are applied in the model. Paper IV: The prior cost-effectiveness analysis (Paper III) guided the initiation of a large (n = 460) randomized clinical trial in elderly patients with proximal femoral fracture, and interim analyses of safety and efficacy were conducted (n = 100). Given the interim efficacy data, the monetary value of further data collection was analysed by calculating the expected value of perfect information. Results 1. The epidural analgesia is not cost-effective and no saving of the postoperative costs can be achieved, given the available evidence in Swedish clinical routine (Papers I–II). 2. The goal-directed haemodynamic treatment is predicted to be cost-effective in elderly patients, based on the available evidence and on the prior estimates of clinical outcome before the initiation of the trial. The expected value of perfect information is high, indicating that collecting further data by continuing the trial is potentially worthwhile (Papers III–IV). Conclusions 1. The analyses of epidural analgesia challenge its position as the gold standard and may assist revision of clinical policy decisions on postoperative pain treatment. 2. The analyses of the goal-directed haemodynamic treatment in elderly patients using a decision-analytic cost-effectiveness model suggest the usefulness of the initiation and continuation of a large clinical trial.


This paper examines if incorporating changes in financial market risk perception improves the predictive power of an early-warning system for systemic banking crises. In explaining systemic banking crises, the existing literature identifies inflating stock and real estate bubbles, credit booms, and surges in net capital inflows as the common drivers. Employing panel logit models to predict the postwar systemic banking crises in advanced economies to occur within three–four years, the paper's key finding is that, even after controlling for the effects of surges in asset and credit markets and net capital inflows that are above the long-run trends for an extended period, market participants' increasing underestimation of downside risks is a significant predictor of these crises. Incorporating changes in risk perception improves the prediction accuracy of the model significantly. This finding is robust across alternative prediction horizons, systemic crisis definitions, and risk-perception measures. Consistent with the recent theoretical developments in the form of the diagnostic expectations hypothesis for financial markets, the interpretation is that recent recurring good news about financial markets and the broader economic trends for sufficiently long periods lead to growing neglect of tail risks and riskier financial transactions, raising systemic risk and the likelihood of a financial crisis. The finding suggests monitoring financial market risk perception, in addition to the conventional indicators, to predict and avert systemic banking crises.


Lambl's excrescences (LEs) are thin filiform strands of connective tissue found on the closure line of valves. Their exact etiology is unknown, and most of them are typically asymptomatic. We present a case of a 33-year-old African American male with a history of right upper extremity weakness that resolved on its own within a few minutes. On physical examination, no focal neurologic deficit was observed. MRI brain showed a tiny curvilinear focus of restricted diffusion with subtle T2-FLAIR hyperintensity in the left frontal/insular region, indicating a recent cortical infarct. Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) was performed as a part of cryptogenic stroke workup, which showed LE on aortic valve leaflet tips. Our patient had elevated blood pressure (BP) on arrival; however, in LE's presence, the embolic phenomena of stroke cannot be excluded. In conclusion, this case adds to a limited number of cases with such cardioembolic phenomena, which will help in further illustrating and highlighting the need for more prospective studies to establish a causal relationship between LE and cardioembolic strokes.


A model for the cathode catalyst layer (CL) is presented, which is validated with previous experimental data in terms of both performance and oxygen transport resistance. The model includes a 1D macroscopic description of proton, electron and oxygen transport across the thickness, which is locally coupled to a 1D microscopic model that describes oxygen transport toward Pt sites. Oxygen transport from the channel to the CL and ionic transport across the membrane are incorporated through integral boundary conditions. The model is complemented with data of effective transport and electrochemical properties extracted from multiple experimental works. The results show that the contribution of the thin ionomer film and Pt/ionomer interface increases with the inverse of the roughness factor. Whereas the contribution of the water film and the water/ionomer interface increases with the ratio between the geometric area and the surface area of active ionomer. Moreover, it is found that CLs diluted with bare carbon provide lower performance than non-diluted samples due to their lower electrochemical surface area and larger local oxygen transport resistance. Optimized design of non-diluted samples, with a good distribution of the overall oxygen flux among Pt sites, is critical to reduce mass transport losses at low Pt loading.


Scorpius X-1 (Sco X-1) and X-ray transient (XTE) J1751-305 are Low-Mass X-ray Binaries (LMXBs) that may emit continuous gravitational waves detectable in the band of ground-based interferometric observatories. Neutron stars in LMXBs could reach a torque-balance steady-state equilibrium in which angular momentum addition from infalling matter from the binary companion is balanced by angular momentum loss, conceivably due to gravitational-wave emission. Torque-balance predicts a scale for detectable gravitational-wave strain based on observed X-ray flux. This paper describes a search for Sco X-1 and XTE J1751-305 in LIGO Science Run 6 data using the TwoSpect algorithm, based on searching for orbital modulations in the frequency domain. While no detections are claimed, upper limits on continuous gravitational-wave emission from Sco X-1 are obtained, spanning gravitational-wave frequencies from 40 to 2040 Hz and projected semi-major axes from 0.90 to 1.98 light-seconds. These upper limits are injection validated, equal any previous set in initial LIGO data, and extend over a broader parameter range. At optimal strain sensitivity, achieved at 165 Hz, the 95% confidence level random-polarization upper limit on dimensionless strain $h_0$ is approximately $1.8 \times 10^{-24}$. Closest approach to the torque-balance limit, within a factor of 27, is also at 165 Hz. These are the first upper limits known to date on $r$-mode emission from this XTE source. Upper limits are set in particular narrow frequency bands of interest for J1751-305. The TwoSpect method will be used in upcoming searches of Advanced LIGO and Virgo data.


Interferon-tau (IFN-tau) is secreted from trophectoderm of periimplantation ruminant conceptuses and is a critical component of pregnancy recognition. Multiple genes encode IFN-tau. The objectives of this study were to identify expressed forms of ovine IFN-tau and to compare their biological activities. Sequences analyzed after cloning 36 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction products of ovine conceptus RNA provided seven new cDNA that were similar in sequence to previously cloned forms (p3, p6, and p8 cDNA). Phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequence for all new and previously reported forms showed that ovine IFN-tau forms can be divided into three main groups. Equivalent amounts of mRNA for p3, p6, and p8 forms were detected in conceptuses following RNase protection. Recombinant p3 and p8 protein had similar antiviral activity on ovine and bovine cells whereas p6 protein was less active. The p3 form was the most potent of the three in its ability to extend estrous cycle length in nonpregnant ewes. In summary, there appeared to be three main groups of ovine IFN-tau, each containing several variant forms. Antiviral activity was not particularly well correlated with ability to prevent luteolysis, suggesting that distinct intracellular mechanisms are used to exert the various actions of IFN-tau.


The present study was conducted in Haryana state. The state of Haryana comprises 20 districts. Out of these, four districts viz., Hisar, Sirsa, Karnal and Kurukshetra were selected purposively depending upon the higher number of the organic farmers. A random sample of 20 organic farming practicing farmers from each of the four districts was taken. Thus, total number of 80 farmers constituted the sample for the purpose of the study. The finding indicated that nearly half of the farmers had highly knowledge, very few of them had low knowledge and remaining had medium level of knowledge about organic farming practices. Education, mass media exposure and innovativeness were positively and significantly related to the knowledge level when examined through correlation test. All the nine variables were fitted in regression equation of their knowledge level with total variation about 0.79 per cent of organic farmers.


Background: Total costs of adjuvant chemotherapy can be estimated using different perspectives. To date, only few studies are available in France and only few of these studies have incorporated all the relevant cost items. Indeed the total cost of adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer should include not only the drug costs and their administration but also supportive care, transportation and part of the work absenteeism, because all these costs are borne by the French social security. The study objective was to estimate the total costs of adjuvant chemotherapy in France using two different perspectives: the French social security and society. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study to calculate the total cost of first line adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer in France. We developed an electronic CRF to collect clinical data, chemotherapy drug details, side effects and personal data such as the type of transportation from home to hospital for chemotherapy treatments and duration of work absenteeism. We added the cost of medical consultations, radiology and biology. We also calculated the exact cost of paramedical time and material. All data were collected after patient9s acceptance from clinical records and by phone. Medical resource data were collected from patients' files for which data were recorded in February 2010 in Tenon hospital (Paris). Unit costs were collected from the French medical insurance database, and other public sources such as national statistics and the technical agency for hospitalization information. Results: We collected data from 30 patients who had adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Median age was 57.7 years and 37.9% of patients had a regular work. Using the social security perspective, the mean cost (+/− SD) for pre chemotherapy exams and management (biology, oncologist consultation, implantable port system) was €320 +/−€32. For each chemotherapy cycle, the costs of chemotherapy drugs, preventive medications and chemotherapy administration were €1267 +/− €1424. The cost of chemotherapy adverse events was €405 +/− €829 and €39 +/− €28 for usual monitoring of chemotherapy (biology tests and medical consultations). Transportation costs were estimated at €11 +/− €12 and sick leave payments at €445 +/− €521. The mean total cost per cycle was €1806 +/− €1226 per chemotherapy cycle and €12724 +/− €8426 for the whole adjuvant chemotherapy regimen. Using a broader societal perspective, the total cost of chemotherapy was €14668 +/− €9707 per patient, as it included the full cost of lost productivity due to work absenteeism. Conclusion: We reported the first cost analysis of adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer in France using two different perspectives (the French social security and the society). Using the social security perspective, chemotherapy drugs and their administration accounted for 70% of the total cost of chemotherapy against 60% when using the societal perspective. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-10-06.


Author(s): Re, Lucia | Abstract: This article provides the first in-depth and contextual study of the experimental futurist novel Un ventre di donna, written during the First World War by the Italian author and stage actress Enif Robert in collaboration with F.T. Marinetti, who allowed some of his wartime letters from the front to be included in the novel. Un ventre di donna also incorporates letters by the famous actress Eleonora Duse, who was a close friend of Robert's. The article explores in particular the theme of bisexuality and female homosexuality in the novel in the context of the ideology of gender in Italy and in Europe in the early 20th century, and in particular with reference to the influential work of Otto Weininger and concurrent theories of hysteria and bisexuality, as well as the so-called "gender inversion" generated by the war.


We evaluated starfish-derived β-tricalcium phosphate (Sf-TCP) obtained by phosphatization of starfish-bone-derived porous calcium carbonate as a potential bone substitute material. The Sf-TCP had a communicating pore structure with a pore size of approximately 10 μm. Although the porosity of Sf-TCP was similar to that of Cerasorb M (CM)—a commercially available β-TCP bone filler—the specific surface area was roughly three times larger than that of CM. Observation by scanning electron microscopy showed that pores communicated to the inside of the Sf-TCP. Cell growth tests showed that Sf-TCP improved cell proliferation compared with CM. Cells grown on Sf-TCP showed stretched filopodia and adhered; cells migrated both to the surface and into pores. In vivo, vigorous tissue invasion into pores was observed in Sf-TCP, and more fibrous tissue was observed for Sf-TCP than CM. Moreover, capillary formation into pores was observed for Sf-TCP. Thus, Sf-TCP showed excellent biocompatibility in vitro and more vigorous bone formation in vivo, indicating the possible applications of this material as a bone substitute. In addition, our findings suggested that mimicking the microstructure derived from whole organisms may facilitate the development of superior artificial bone.


The prevalence of malignant tumors (not including non-melanoma skin cancer) in the Czech Republic exceeds 350,000 persons, including patients with active disease and those with a history of malignancy. A substantial portion of this population are in long-term complete remission after cancer treatment. These patients are at high risk of cancer recurrence and long-term complications associated with previous cancer therapy. The aim of this review is to summarize current follow-up recommendations for the three most common solid tumor types, including breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer.Key words: breast cancer - colorectal cancer - follow-up - prevalence - prostate cancer.


Charles Dickens was born in Portsmouth in February 1812. 'Public and private' describes his early childhood, his first jobs, and his move into writing. His father's imprisonment for debt when he was just 12 led to the most painful episode of his life. His first sketch appeared in December 1833 and he went on to write many more under the nickname of Boz. He married Catherine Hogarth in 1836 and before he was 30 was one of the most famous men in Britain. By the late 1840s, he felt financially secure and could devote time to social reform issues. His later work and the failure of his marriage are also described.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate intellectual capital (IC) reporting, from a service-centric approach, in the hotel industry. The strategic enhancement of value-creation and sustainable competitive advantage requires both management and measurement. Sound measurement and reporting practices enable management performance to be judged; one such practice is IC disclosure. Service-dominant (S-D) logic emphasizes that intangible operant resources, the foundation of IC, are at the core of competitive advantage.

Design/methodology/approach

A disclosure instrument based on S-D logic and designed specifically for the hotel industry was applied to the annual reports and sustainability reports (in English) of 30 Asian hotel companies. Content analysis measured the disclosures of dynamic IC assets typically overlooked by traditional IC disclosure instruments.

Findings

The majority of IC communication concerns lower-order basic operant resources. Although more than one-third of the companies' disclosures of IC assets relate to collaborative processes and practices that support networked value-creation, most disclosures demonstrate a prevailing firm-centric orientation. IC items regarding reciprocated relationship and informational management were minimally reported.

Research limitations/implications

A single research approach was used. Future research could use other communication channels to triangulate.

Practical implications

The results highlight opportunities for hotel companies to better report their IC assets as part of their value-creating strategies.

Originality/value

This research is one of the first to operationalize S-D logic concerning IC. It provides a promising framework for understanding IC reporting in the hotel industry.


On presenter most last and medium-size cities were in very serious trouble of traffic jams. If we can distribute the road resource reasonably, gathering the traffic information of congestion roads and the quasi-congestion road dynamically, that can assist the drivers to make the right judgments. Thus the drivers can avoid the congestion roads and achieve the purpose of ease the traffic congestion fundamentally. What be discussed in this paper is to establish an intelligent model of traffic based on Ad Hoc network. Vehicles can obtained the road information in the Ad Hoc network timely and make right judgment and decisions. At the same time the parking lot information can also be obtained in the Ad Hoc network. and the drivers can select the optimal parking place.


Dynamics of the genetic structure of experimental Drosophila populations being kept over 50 generations at 25 and 17 degrees C6 and on the medium with ethanol (12%) was studied. In all experimental populations alteration in allele frequencies of Adh, Gpdh, Hex and Est-6 loci took place in the first 20-25 generations on monitoring under the influence of the temperature and ethanol. Later on, an equilibrium relation between allele frequencies will be established.


PURPOSE
To report a case of posterior scleritis in a 9-year-old boy.

METHOD
A case report.

RESULTS
Uniocular presentation in a 9-year-old boy.

CONCLUSION
Posterior scleritis is seen commonly in middle-aged women, associated with mild ocular congestion, globe tenderness, and varying amount of vision loss. We report an uncommon presentation of posterior scleritis in a young male child. The patient presented with decreased vision and extraocular and intraocular inflammatory signs in the left eye. Fundus examination showed disk and macular edema with a T-sign on B-scan ultrasound. The patient showed good response to oral steroids with resolution of inflammation and recovery of vision.


The characters of a finite abelian group G are the homomorphisms from G to the unit circle S1 = {z ∈ C : |z| = 1}. Two characters can be multiplied pointwise to define a new character, and under this operation the set of characters of G forms an abelian group, with identity element the trivial character, which sends each g ∈ G to 1. Characters of finite abelian groups are important, for example, as a tool in estimating the number of solutions to equations over finite fields. [3, Chapters 8, 10]. The extension of the notion of a character to nonabelian or infinite groups is essential to many areas of mathematics, in the context of harmonic analysis or representation theory, but here we will focus on discussing characters on one of the simplest infinite abelian groups, the rational numbers Q. This is a special case of a situation that is well-known in algebraic number theory, but all references I could find in the literature are based on [4], where one can't readily isolate the examination of the character group of Q without assuming algebraic number theory and Fourier analysis on locally compact abelian groups. (In [2, Chapter 3,§1], the determination of the characters of Q is made without algebraic number theory, but the Pontryagin duality theorem from Fourier analysis is used at the end.) The prerequisites for the discussion here are more elementary: familiarity with the complex exponential function, the p-adic numbers Qp, and a few facts about abelian groups. In particular, this discussion should be suitable for someone who has just learned about the p-adic numbers and wants to see how they can arise in answering a basic type of question about the rational numbers. Concerning notation, r and s will denote rational numbers, p and q will denote prime numbers, and x and y will denote real or p-adic numbers (depending on the context). The word "homomorphism" will always mean "group homomorphism", although sometimes we will add the word "group" for emphasis. The sets Q, R, Qp, and the p-adic integers Zp, will be regarded primarily as additive groups, with multiplication on these sets being used as a tool in the study of the additive structure.


Plant phenotyping platforms generate large amounts of high dimensional data at different scales of plant organization. The possibility to use this information as inputs of models is an opportunity to develop models that integrate new processes and genetic inputs. We assessed to what extent the phenomics and modelling communities can address the issues of interoperability and data exchange, using a science mapping approach (i.e. visualization and analysis of a broad range of scientific and technological activities as a whole). In this paper, we (i) evaluate connections, (ii) identify compatible and connectable research topics, and (iii) propose strategies to facilitate connection across communities. We applied a science mapping approach based on reference and term analyses to a set of 4332 scientific papers published by the plant phenomics and modelling communities from 1980 to 2019, retrieved using the Elsevier's Scopus database and the quantitative-plant.org website. The number of papers on phenotyping and modelling dramatically increased during the past decade, boosted by progress in phenotyping technologies and by key developments at hard- and software levels. The science mapping approach indicated a large diversity of research topics studied in each community. Despite compatibilities of research topics, the level of connection between the phenomics and modelling communities was low. Although phenomics and modelling crucially need to exchange data, the two communities appeared to be weakly connected. We encourage these communities to work on ontologies, harmonized formats, translators and connectors to facilitate transparent data exchange.


We searched the Spitzer Space Telescope data archive for Galactic planetary nebulae (PNe), which show the characteristic 17.4 and 18.9 µm features due to C60, also known as buckminsterfullerene. Out of 338 objects with Spitzer/Infrared Spectrograph data, we found eleven C60-containing PNe, six of which (Hen2-68, IC2501, K3-62, M1-6, M1-9 and SaSt2-3) are new detections, not known to contain C60 prior to this work. The strongest 17.4 and 18.9 µm C60 features are seen in Tc1 and SaSt2-3, and these two sources also prominently show the C60 resonances at 7.0 and 8.5 µm. In the other nine sources, the 7.0 and 8.5 µm features due to C60 are much weaker. We analysed the spectra, along with ancillary data, using the photoionization code CLOUDY to establish the atomic line fluxes, and determine the properties of the radiation field, as set by the effective temperature of the central star. In addition, we measured the infrared spectral features due to dust grains. We find that the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) profile over 6–9 µm in these C60-bearing carbon-rich PNe is of the more chemically processed class A. The intensity ratio of 3.3 to 11.3 µm PAH indicates that the number of C-atoms per PAH in C60-containing PNe is small compared to that in non-C60 PNe. The Spitzer spectra also show broad dust features around 11 and 30 µm. Analysis of the 30 µm feature shows that it is strongly correlated with the continuum, and we propose that a single carbon-based carrier is responsible for both the continuum and the feature. The strength of the 11 µm feature is correlated to the temperature of the dust, suggesting that it is at least partially due to a solid-state carrier. The chemical abundances of C60-containing PNe can be explained by asymptotic giant branch nucleosynthesis models for initially 1.5–2.5 M⊙ stars with Z = 0.004. We plotted the locations of C60-containing PNe on a face-on map of the Milky Way and we found that most of these PNe are outside the solar circle, consistent with low metallicity values. Their metallicity suggests that the progenitors are an older population.


Developing leaders and leadership are key factors to improve learning and teaching in higher education. Even though the formal academic leadership roles' effect on the teaching process is covered by abundant literature, few of them talked about the non- formal academic leadership roles' impact. In this paper, I undertake a qualitative descriptive study of my non-formal academic leadership roles and how they affected the process of teaching and learning in one of the Bahraini private higher education institutions. I have adopted a holistic approach towards my own experience within higher education non-formal leadership roles in a number of areas: (1) Design and redesign of learning activities, (2) Support teaching and learning, (3) Assessment and Feedback, (4) Creating a convenient learning environments, and (5) Continuing Professional Development. This qualitative descriptive study was to investigate how academics with non-formal leadership positions understand, describe and develop their leadership in ways consistent with advancing and improving learning and teaching in higher education. It used the reflective account of professional practice, and two case studies to reveal importance non-formal academic leadership roles play in affecting faculty members within higher education.


Part 1 Selecting a topic: choosing a subject forming an outline. Part 2 Reviewing the literature: tools writing the review. Part 3 Developing your model: specifying your models defining the methodology. Part 4 Presenting your case: telling a story data-gathering. Part 5 Coming to a conclusion: the conclusion the dissertation process. Part 6 Final topics the humanities and the natural sciences funding.


In an attempt to achieve perfect English language proficiency, all learners face the same issue: the inevitable use of their L1 in an English classroom. Various studies have identified different attitudes and reasons for teachers' and students' L1 use in English classroom. The aim of this paper is to identify teachers' attitude towards L1 use and reveal the reason for their particular attitude through the use of the open-ended questionnaires. Teachers' attitude was distinguished in terms of teachers' and students' L1 use. Apart from that teachers' questionnaires attempted to identify activities that are best carried out through L1 and TL. As this study comprises teachers from universities of Turkey and Kyrgyzstan the difference between their attitudes has been also investigated. Qualitative data obtained from the questionnaires was collected, coded and analyzed with the help of the NVivo12 software program. The research findings revealed that overall attitude of teachers towards their own use of L1 is positive. However substantial difference has been observed between the attitudes of Turkish and Kyrgyz teachers. Results obtained from teachers' survey revealed that majority of teachers from Turkish context tend to have positive attitude with regard to teachers' L1 employment than their Kyrgyz colleagues. Moreover no considerable difference has been observed in terms of the teachers' attitude towards students' L1 use. Similarly no substantial difference has been observed between the attitudes of Turkish and Kyrgyz teachers towards students' use of L1. Finally, activities best carried out through L1 and TL based on the teachers' view have been listed and discussed. Research findings also revealed that teachers and students employed L1 mainly for pedagogical reasons. Results also suggest that limited and judicious use of L1 can be served as a facilitating tool to improve TL proficiency.


Biodiversity and cultural diversity are intertwined. The threats to biodiversity are already observable and are accelerating. The spread of non-native species is an underexamined threat to biodiversity and to food production. Biodiversity tipping points may most likely appear at the regional scale, as in the drying of the Amazon. The failure of ecosystem integrity and inherent resilience offers a further threat, and the reaction of humans to all of these challenges adds fuel to the fire. Over one-third of the whole population depends on biodiversity - and help to maintain it. Yet part of this vital group is being displaced, losing their cultural integrity, and their language. The tipping points of biodiversity loss are also tipping points of cultural distinctiveness loss.


Background/Aims: In general, humans tend to discount the value of delayed reward. An increase in the rate of discounting leads to an inability to select a delayed reward over a smaller immediate reward (reward-delay impulsivity). Although deficits in the serotonergic system are implicated in this reward-delay impulsivity, there is individual variation in response to serotonin depletion. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the effects of serotonin depletion on the ability to evaluate future reward are affected by individual personality traits or brain activation. Methods: Personality traits were assessed using the NEO-Five Factor Inventory and Temperament and Character Inventory. The central serotonergic levels of 16 healthy volunteers were manipulated by dietary tryptophan depletion. Subjects performed a delayed reward choice task that required the continuous estimation of reward value during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Results: Discounting rates were increased in 9 participants, but were unchanged or decreased in 7 participants in response to tryptophan depletion. Participants whose discounting rate was increased by tryptophan depletion had significantly higher neuroticism and lower self-directedness. Furthermore, tryptophan depletion differentially affected the groups in terms of hemodynamic responses to the value of predicted future reward in the right insula. Conclusions: These results suggest that individuals who have high neuroticism and low self-directedness as personality traits are particularly vulnerable to the effect of low serotonin on future reward evaluation accompanied by altered brain activation patterns.


This paper presents the application of relation diagram method (RDM) to determine contribution of the parameters affected on the blast induced ground vibration. There are two types of parameters: controllable and uncontrollable parameters. The study focused on controllable parameters. The more effective parameters for ground vibration at the point of interest are ground vibration in the point of blast (PPV in-blast) and geological structures. The more effective parameters for the ground vibration at the point of blast are explosive amount per delay, burden and stemming. If desired fragmentation is obtained from the blast, then geological structures should be modified by creating artificial discontinuities. If one desires to reduce the level of vibration in the point of blast, then the following parameters should be modified ; explosive amount per delay, burden, stemming, and hole diameter.


In order to assess the effectiveness and potential limitations of continuous enteral nutrition (CEN) to correct denutrition related to underlying digestive diseases, 10 nutritional criteria were measured weekly in 92 under-nourished patients fed with CEN for a 3-7 week period. All the patients received a standard non-elemental diet providing a mean daily energy intake of 52.8 kcal/kg BW (36.5 kcal/kg BW by tube feeding and 16.3 kcal/kg BW orally). The influence of preexisting intestinal malabsorption, hypercatabolic status, and post-radiation or inflammatory bowel disease was studied by an a posteriori classification of patients in one of the six following groups: I (no limiting factor), II (malabsorption), III (catabolic disease), IV (catabolic disease and malabsorption), V (colitis), VI (enteritis). During CEN, 8 patients had transient and one had persistent vomiting while 3 developed bronchopneumonia. Gains in body weight, triceps skinfold, midarm muscle circumference, creatinine-height index, urinary sodium and serum transferrin were significant as early as the 2nd week of CEN. Serum albumin and cholesterol, hemoglobin, and total count of lymphocytes were not significantly affected. Sixty-five patients (71 per cent) had an objective nutritional improvement and mean spontaneous oral intake increased from 17.8 to 28.7 kcal/kg BW per day. Significant increase of oral intake and objective nutritional improvement were observed in each group, but a longer period of CEN was necessary to achieve this result in groups II, IV and VI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


The Kepler problem is a physical problem about two bodies which attract each other by a force proportional to the inverse square of the distance. The MICZ-Kepler problems are its natural cousins and have been previously generalized from dimension three to dimension five. In this paper, we construct and analyze the (quantum) MICZ-Kepler problems in all dimensions higher than two.


The moderator at this June 2013 Global ABS conference panel asked questions and panel members responded on regulators' objectives and market reaction to the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision December 2012 Consultative Document on risk-based capital for securitization. The panelists' responses covered the regulators' proposed modified supervisory approach, simplified supervisory formula approach, internal assessment approach, and ratingsbased approach to the determination of regulatory capital for securitization exposures; the alternative arbitrage-free approach proposed by a group of banks; capital charges for structured assets under Solvency II; perceived problems with the Basel III liquidity coverage ratio; and current credit rating agency developments relevant to securitization, including information posting requirements of issuers under Rule 17g-5 and the boards for rating agency selection under the proposed Franken Amendment; and reflections on how the plethora of regulations from different countries fit together in practice.


One important problem of signal processing in mea- surement systems is designing a filter that possesses a linear-phase response and, at the same time, has a short transient state. This pa- per presents the methodology of varying, in the time parameters, a low-pass Bessel filter and a filter of a constant component. In the proposed filters, significant shortening of the transient state is achieved at the cost of a slight increase in oscillations. This paper also addresses the problems that are connected with continuous running of the filters with varying parameters. The presented ap- proach allows better preservation of the edge shape, as compared with traditional filtering techniques. Typical filtering results are presented, which are obtained by simulations of selected structures of filters with varying parameters.


INTRODUCTION
Medical education can be enormously benefitted from research. Since clinicians/medical teachers are directly involved in teaching learning processes, they should participate in Educational Research (ER) practices to generate evidence and insights about teaching learning. Faculty Development Program (FDP) has a positive influence amongst health professionals and therefore can prove to be of consequence in instilling a strong educational research culture.

AIM
Present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of a Faculty Development Fellowship Program in Medical Education to foster educational research culture amongst medical teachers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study utilized the Kirkpatrick model of program evaluation for evaluating the fellowship program. It aimed to evaluate the third level of the model i.e., "Change in Behaviour" of participants (n=40) after completion of the course. The tool used was a pre-validated survey questionnaire consisting of five items.

RESULTS
Study population was sparsely aware about educational research and had never attempted the same (100%) before joining the fellowship program. A 32.5% faculty with average professional experience of seven years undertook new educational projects after the fellowship and knowledge gained during fellowship program helped them in guiding educational research (coded into four categories) at their workplaces.

CONCLUSION
There is a need, to direct effort towards focused training for educational research through FDPs for medical teachers. This will encourage academicians and clinicians to become active in ER and guide policies in Teaching Learning Practices in Medical Education.


This paper presents a multi-agent framework intended to animate scenarios of compliance and non-compliance in a normative system. With the purpose of describing social human behaviour, we choose to reduce social complexity by creating models of the involved agents starting from stories, and completing them with background theories derived from common-sense and expert knowledge. For this reason, we explore how an institutional perspective can be taken into account in a computational framework. Roles, institutions and rules become components of the agent architecture. The social intelligence of the agent is distributed to several cognitive modules, performing the institutional thinking, whose outcomes are coordinated in the main decision-making cycle. The institutional logic is analyzed from a general simulation perspective, and a concrete possible choice is presented, drawn from fundamental legal concepts. As a concrete result, a preliminary implementation of the framework has been developed with Jason.


The first-order plus dead time(FOPDT) and second-order plus dead time(SOPDT), which describes a linear monotonic process quite well in most chemical and industrial processes and is often sufficient for PID and IMC controller tuning. This paper presents an application of heuristic harmony search(HS) optimization algorithm to the identification of linear continuous time–delay systems from step response. This recently developed HS algorithm is conceptualized using the musical process of searching for a perfect state of harmony. It uses a stochastic random search instead of a gradient search so that derivative information is unnecessary. The effectiveness of the proposed identification method has been demonstrated through a number of simulation examples.


Listening is the process of taking in information and synthesizing it into an understandable message. Clues to understanding the speaker in dude how things are said, what is not said, and nonverbal behavior. The difference between speaking and thinking speeds should be utilized to review, summarize, and reflect upon the speaker's points rather than to daydream. Physical distractions should be eliminated. Emotional and psychological distractions originating with the speaker or the listener should be discounted or compensated for. First impressions should be subjugated and judgment delayed until the speaker is finished. In conversation, give the other person a chance.


The R-matrix method is used to calculate electron impact collision strengths for various transitions in Ti XIV from its ground state (2P°). Extensive configuration interaction wavefunctions are used to represent the lowest twelve target states which are included in the calculations. Finally effective collision strengths have been calculated for electron temperature in the range (5 × 104-106K) by assuming a Maxwellian electron velocity distribution of the incident electrons.


This study aims to characterize the translocation of photosynthates within and from developing tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) leaves at the time of transition from sink to source. The developing leaf contains a source, the exposed tip, and a sink, the growing basal portion. When the exposed tip of the developing blade is labelled with "%CO # , it exports photosynthates exclusively to sinks within the developing blade until the blade reaches 80% of its final length, when photosynthates begin to be exported from the blade and pass through the collar to reach the growing sheath and the next expanding leaf. Concurrently, the previous mature leaves reduce their level of photosynthate export to the developing blade; export stops as soon as the sheath of the developing leaf elongates beyond 10 mm. Export from the mature leaves to the growing sheath and to the next expanding leaf blade increases rapidly. Thus, in a developing tall fescue leaf blade photosynthate importation and exportation are exclusive events : the expanding blade imports photosynthate from mature leaves until it reaches 80% of its final length, then exportation begins and importation ceases.


Maintaining an appropriate balance between vegetative and generative growth is a prerequisite for profitable raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) production. The objective of our study was to test the effect of prohexadione-calcium (ProCa) on vegetative growth and flowering of primocane fruiting red raspberry 'Ariadne' in greenhouse conditions. ProCa was applied either once or twice in a concentration of 100 ppm or 200 ppm. Double applications of ProCa reduced cane height by 33 cm (100 ppm) or by 46 cm (200 ppm). Growth reduction was the result of shortening of the internodes, because total node number in plants was unaffected. Furthermore, cane diameter was reduced in plants treated with 200 ppm ProCa. ProCa treatments reduced the total aboveground dry weight by 32% to 55% but did not affect the allocation of dry weight into different plant parts. All ProCa treatments reduced the number of flowers by 22% to 42%. In con- clusion, ProCa proved effective in controlling vegetative growth of red raspberry. However, because the number of flowers was reduced, ProCa cannot be recommended for growth regulation of primocane fruiting raspberry without further studies.


The nucleotide receptor family P2Y comprises of G proteincoupled receptors that show potential as drug targets for various disorders. Targeting the P2Y2 sub type is particularly promising, since antagonists could be effective against tumour metastasis, excessive inflammatory reactions, atherosclerosis, kidney dis orders, and osteoporosis [1-3]. The precise role of the P2Y2 receptor in these conditions is often not clear, which can be partially attributed to the limited availability of potent and selective antagonists that are required for pharmacological studies [4]. To characte rise potential antagonists, three commercially available compounds were screened for P2Y2 receptor inhibition using the calcium mobilisation assay with two different fluorescent dyes measured on a TriStar2 LB 942 plate reader. Reliable and consistent results were obtained. Application Note


The identification of natriuretic peptides led to an explosion of basic and clinical investigations to clarify their physiology, pathophysiologic role in heart failure, and clinical usefulness. The knowledge base and emerging information on B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is plentiful but the consensus on its application is still sparse.

The natriuretic peptide family comprises atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), BNP, C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), and D-type natriuretic peptide. ANP and BNP are synthesised in the heart, CNP is produced mainly in vessels, and D-type natriuretic peptide has been isolated in plasma and atrial myocardium.

The precursor prohormone of each natriuretic peptide is encoded by a separate gene. BNP is a 108 amino acid pro-hormone that, after cleavage by the proteolytic enzyme furin, is separated into a 32 amino acid carboxi-terminal biologically active portion (BNP) and a 76 amino acid amino terminal part without biological activity (NT-proBNP) (fig 1).

 Figure 1
 Synthesis and secretion of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP).

At present, there are four BNP assays commercially available for routine clinical practice. BNP can be assayed by a rapid fluorescence immunoassay (Biosite Diagnostic), an enzyme immunoassay (Abbott Laboratories), or a chemiluminescent immunoassay (Bayer Healthcare), and NT-proBNP can be measured by an electrochemiluminescent assay (Roche Diagnostics).

ANP and BNP exert their effects through interaction with specific high affinity receptors on the target cells. Three effective receptors have been identified at target sites and kidneys. These receptors, located on cell membranes, although not reflecting their affinity for the different peptides, are termed: natriuretic receptor type A, natriuretic receptor type B, and type C—a clearance receptor.

Most cardiovascular and renal effects of ANP and BNP result from cyclic guanylmonophosphate formation which acts as a second messenger responsible for the cellular physiological responses to natriuretic peptide stimulation.

Natriuretic peptides are cleared from plasma by binding to natriuretic peptide receptors …


Due to an expected increase in radiation damage under super-LHC conditions, we propose to substitute the scintillator tiles in the original design of the hadronic endcap (HE) calorimeter with quartz plates. Quartz is shown to be radiation hard. Using wavelength shifting fibers, it is possible to collect efficiently the Cerenkov light generated in quartz plates. This paper summarizes the results from various test beams, bench tests, and Geant4 simulations done on methods of collecting light from quartz plates, as well as radiation hardness tests on quartz material.


A three-year study on the practice of ratooning of sorghum was conducted in Eastern Kenya (1999 to 2002), with emphasis on the stem borer (Chilo partellus) and covered kernel smut (Sporisorium sorghi Ehrenberg Link). Ratooning is the practice of stimulating tillering by cutting the old straw after harvest (Doggett, 1988). A six season on-station experiment in Machakos District showed the practice of ratooning short duration sorghum increased the reliability and yields in comparison to a direct sown with yield ranges of 1630-1778kg/ha and 0-148kg/ha, respectively. The higher number of heads and stems per unit area meant the ratooned crop had higher level of stem borers per unit area than the direct sown crop and when infected with covered kernel smut was a greater source of inoculum. Unlike the incidence of CKS, the number of stem borers had little correlation with the numbers in the previous season's crop; there was no upward trend to the number of stem borers per stem during the experiment suggesting factors other than the presence of a sorghum crop have a stronger influence on the population. Yield loss was an interaction between cultivar*incidence of stem borers * stage of infestation * rain quantity and distribution, but rain was the most important factor. An on-station trial in Kitui (2001-2) found the ratooned crop outperformed the direct sown crop in yield by a factor of three and non-cutting of stems produced a similar yield to cutting back stems after harvest. The different 'ratoon' methods did not significantly affect the incidence of covered kernel smut or level of stem borers.

On-farm trials in Mwingi District (2000-2) showed that short duration sorghum ratooned outperformed direct sown sorghum. The timing of the cutting back of the stems had an effect on plant survival and yield; cutting back stems at harvest produced higher yields than cutting the stems at the on-set of rains, however cutting the stems at the onset of rains increased plant survival when the stems were dry at harvest. A decision tree was produced outlining the decisions a farmer needs to make when deciding whether or not to practice ratooning. Four factors were identified as important for varieties to perform well under the practice of ratooning: drought tolerance, stem strength, non-senescence and the ability to produce tillers during growth stage 3.


Interest in essential oils with pesticidal activity against insects and pests is growing. In this study, essential oils from different parts (leaves, twigs and seeds) of Cinnamomum camphora L. Presl were investigated for their chemical composition, and insecticidal and repellent activities against the cotton aphid. The essential oils, obtained by hydrodistillation, were analyzed by GC×GC-TOFMS. A total of 96 components were identified in the essential oils and the main constituents found in the leaves and twigs were camphor, eucalyptol, linalool and 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,7-octatriene. The major components found in the seeds were eucalyptol (20.90%), methyleugenol (19.98%), linalool (14.66%) and camphor (5.5%). In the contact toxicity assay, the three essential oils of leaves, twigs and seeds exhibited a strong insecticidal activity against cotton aphids with LC50 values of 245.79, 274.99 and 146.78 mg/L (after 48 h of treatment), respectively. In the repellent assay, the highest repellent rate (89.86%) was found in the seed essential oil at the concentration of 20 μL/mL after 24 h of treatment. Linalool was found to be a significant contributor to the insecticidal and repellent activities. The results indicate that the essential oils of C. camphora might have the potential to be developed into a natural insecticide or repellent for controlling cotton aphids.


The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) was originally characterized because of its high affinity binding of 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. However, studies using AhR-null mice have demonstrated the importance of this protein in normal physiology and development. Here we demonstrate that AhR-null embryos develop cardiac enlargement, and that this phenotype is dependent, at least in part, on the maternal genotype. Neonates born to AhR-null females had increased heart weights regardless of the neonatal genotype, an outcome also observed in gestational diabetes. The cardiac hypertrophy markers, beta-myosin heavy chain and atrial natriuretic factor, and the cardiac proliferative index were increased in AhR-null embryos, indicating that the cardiac enlargement is associated with myocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia, which begin prior to birth. Importantly, two- to three-month-old pregnant and seven-month-old nonpregnant females, but not nonpregnant three-month-old AhR-null females had significantly decreased fasting plasma insulin levels and a reduced ability to respond to exogenous insulin compared to controls. Despite these alterations in insulin regulation and responsiveness, pregnant AhR females did not have abnormal glucose tolerance tests and did not develop hyperglycemia, classic characteristics of gestational diabetes. However, twenty-three percent of seven-month-old AhR-null females did have altered glucose tolerance tests, but did not show hyperglycemia or increased hemoglobin A1C concentration under normal feeding conditions. While the ultimate cause of the neonatal phenotype remains unclear, these studies establish that the AhR is required for normal insulin regulation in pregnant and older mice and for cardiac development in embryonic mice.


A system of molecular-genetic methods intended for analysis of yeast Rec-mutants was developed. A number of plasmids containing noncomplementing mutations in the ADE2 gene and different selective markers were constructed. The system was based upon the phenomenon of interplasmid intragenic recombination during transformation and mitotic division. Transformation of yeast cells with the plasmid containing two long right repeats allowed to estimate the efficiency of intraplasmid crossing-over. The system also allows to study plasmid-chromosomal interaction. To check up the system proposed, a well known rad50 and rad52 mutants were used. The rad52-1 mutation was found sharply decreased the levels both intra- and interplasmid recombination events. On the other hand, rad50-1 mutation has not influences or stimulates the processes. Thus, the system proposed efficiently distinguishes the mutants deficient in different stages of recombinational process.


APOMIXIS, THE replacement of the sexual process by some asexual form of reproduction, is rather common in the flowering plants. Nygren (1954) listed about 300 species that are more or less apomictic included in about 95 genera of 37 families of both monocotyledons and dicotyledons. The Compositae, Rosaceae, and Gramineae especially are characterized by a rather high frequency of apomixis. For the Gramineae, Nygren listed apomixis in 35 species of 11 genera; two genera of Festuceae, two of Agrostideae, two of Chlorideae, three of Paniceae, one of Aveneae, and one genus of the Andropogoneae. A number of these cases represent occasional vivipary, the replacement of spikelets by small plants, rather than agamospermy, apomixis by seed formation. During the last few years Farquharson (1955) reported apomixis of some sort in Tripsacum dactyloides (Maydeae) while Hair (1956) characterized apomixis in Agropyron scabrum of the Hordeae bringing to eight the number of tribes having one or more apomictic species. In the Paniceae additional apomictic species have been reported in Pennisetum (Narayan, 1951; Fisher, et al., 1954; Snyder, et al., 1955), Paspalum (Snyder, 1957), and Setaria (Emery, 1957) while Brown and Emery (1957b), Emery and Brown (unpublished), and Celarier and Harlan (1957) have reported apomixis in Bothriochloa, Dichanthium, Capillipedium, Themeda, and Heteropogon of the Andropogoneae. At present 11 species of Paniceae and 14 species of Andropogoneae have been found to be apomictic. These results led to the assumption that apomixis may be especially common in these two tribes. The apomictic mechanism characteristic of the Paniceae and Andropogoneae except Saccharumn (cf. Nygren, 1954) is apospory. In many species more than one aposporous embryo sac is formed in each ovule. It has furthermore been demonstrated (Narayan, 1951; Warmke, 1954; Snyder, et al, 1955; Emery, 1957; Brown and Emery, 1957b; Emery and Brown, unpublished) that aposporous embryo sacs in species of these two tribes usually have at maturity only four nuclei, whereas sexual embryo sacs have the usual eight nuclei. The four nuclei are the egg and either two synergids and one polar or one synergid and two polar nuclei, both conditions having been found repeatedly. Antipodal cells are completely lacking. Thus the sexual or aposporous nature of sin-le embryo sacs is often indicated. The term apospory alone does not imply apomixis


A non-equilibrium model for laser generated plasmas is validated and used to investigate plasma kernel dynamics. Breakdowns in quiescent air at different ambient conditions (e.g. pressure) for different laser parameters (e.g. power density and beam wavelength) are considered. The hydrodynamics is described based on the chemically reactive Navier–Stokes equations where non-equilibrium effects are accounted for using a three-temperature model. Laser-plasma interactions over nano-second time-scales are modeled with a radiative transfer equation (RTE), including both multiphoton ionization (MPI) and inverse Bremsstrahlung (IB). Validation is conducted by comparing absorbed energy and plasma emission with the corresponding experimental measurements, and by observations of the structure of the breakdown. The laser generated plasma exhibits a two-lobe structure, developing both in the forward and backward directions. An analysis of the dynamics suggests that the kernel evolution results from a radiation-driven wave that is: (i) triggered by MPI, (ii) sustained by energy deposition in IB interactions, which compensates for the energy lost by free-electrons in ionizing collisions, and (iii) guided by both MPI and ionization by electron impact (IE).


Abstract : The purpose of this non-experimental, mixed methods case study is to analyze the reasons for the decline in piracy incidents off the coast of Somalia in order to present an effective counterpiracy template for other piracy prone parts of the world, such as Western Africa and Southeast Asia. The first phase of the study includes a quantitative examination of piracy incident reporting from the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency's (NGA) Anti-Shipping Activity Messages (ASAM) database. The quantitative strand documents the trend in piracy incidents off the Horn of Africa over a ten-year period between 2003 and 2013. The second phase of the study analyzes qualitative data collected from piracy subject matter experts (SMEs) to determine the most effective counterpiracy actions taken. The qualitative strand identifies and scrutinizes all the major counterpiracy actions. A comparison and contrast against the quantitative data trend reveals which efforts worked best. The insights provided by SMEs, through face-to-face interviews or an online questionnaire provide an increased understanding of the factors contributing to the decline of Somali piracy. The study implies the use of armed security teams (ASTs) on board merchant vessel was the number one factor leading to the decline in Somali piracy. This finding provided the guiding principle for the development of a strategic counterpiracy framework that engages the issue at the political level, the maritime domain security level, and the shipboard security level.


The main directions of increasing the efficiency of combined production of electric and heat energy are considered, associated with the improvement of power generating equipment, regime and circuit changes in heat supply systems while ensuring heat load. For many years, centralized heat supply based on combined heat and power generation has been successfully developing in Russia, which is a very attractive energy and nature saving technology. Its use makes it possible to save about 20 million tons of fuel annually, which is about 14% of the total volume of fuel consumed in Russia for the needs of heat supply. More than 50% of electricity is generated at CHPPs in Russia, and the efficiency of fuel use at them reaches about 70–75%. Such areas include the use of steam and gas technologies (CCGT units and gas turbine superstructures of equipment of operating CHPPs) and GTU-CHPPs, increasing the initial steam parameters at CHPPs, superstructure of hot water boilers with gas turbine units, improvement and modernization of existing turbine equipment and CHPP schemes, as well as rejection of peak boilers in favor of peak boilers at CHPPs, transition to a lower temperature schedule and a change in the structure of heat supply systems. The main advantages of these areas and the problems associated with their implementation are presented. The conditions of possible and expedient application of some directions are considered. It is shown that, in many respects, the choice of certain technical solutions, despite the energy efficiency, is determined by the conditions of the regional heat and electric energy markets.


Chirality-directed stem-cell-fate determination involves coordinated transcriptional and metabolomics programming that is only partially understood. Here, using high-throughput transcriptional-metabolic profiling and pipeline network analysis, the molecular architecture of chirality-guided mesenchymal stem cell lineage diversification is revealed. A total of 4769 genes and 250 metabolites are identified that are significantly biased by the biomimetic chiral extracellular microenvironment (ECM). Chirality-dependent energetic metabolism analysis has revealed that glycolysis is preferred during left-handed ECM-facilitated osteogenic differentiation, whereas oxidative phosphorylation is favored during right-handed ECM-promoted adipogenic differentiation. Stereo-specificity in the global metabolite landscape is also demonstrated, in which amino acids are enriched in left-handed ECM, while ether lipids and nucleotides are enriched in right-handed ECM. Furthermore, chirality-ordered transcriptomic-metabolic regulatory networks are established, which address the role of positive feedback loops between key genes and central metabolites in driving lineage diversification. The highly integrated genotype-phenotype picture of stereochemical selectivity would provide the fundamental principle of regenerative material design.


The epidemiology of an outbreak of Newcastle disease in a population of approximately 12,000 free-living pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) on the island of Faenø in Denmark in 1996 is described. The mortality during the epizootic was 56%. The spread of the disease between 7 groups of pheasants could be demonstrated over an observation period of 3 weeks. A total of 70 avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV-1) isolates was made from the flock. The intra cerebral pathogenicity indices of the 4 isolates tested were in the range 1.78-1.88. By means of immunoperoxidase monolayer assay with murine monoclonal antibodies and sequence analysis of an RT-PCR amplified segment of the F0 viral protein it was found, that the virus belonged to the highly virulent C1 antigenic group and that the amino acid sequence at the F0 cleavage site corresponded with the sequences of virulent APMV-1 strains. Based on the epidemiological circumstances it is believed that the virus was transmitted to the pheasants by feral birds.


Objectives To evaluate and compare Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) diagnostic test practices of different sexually transmitted infection (STI) care providers in 16–29 year olds from one defined geographic Dutch region (280 000 inhabitants). Both number and proportion of positive CT tests (ie, test positivity) were assessed, and factors associated with these outcomes. Methods Data on laboratory testing and diagnosis of urogenital, anorectal and oropharyngeal CT between 2006 and 2010 were retrieved from general practitioners (GPs), gynaecologists, an STI clinic and a population-based chlamydia screening programme. Multivariable regression analyses explored associations between age, sex, test year, socio-economic status (SES) and STI care provider and the outcomes being the number of tests and test positivity. Results Overall, 22 831 tests were performed (1868 positive; 8.2%). Extragenital (ie, anorectal and oropharyngeal) tests accounted for 4% of all tests (7.5% positive) and were almost exclusively (99%) performed by the STI clinic. STI clinics tested most men (37.2% of all tested men), whereas GPs tested most women (29.9% of all tested women). GPs and STI clinics accounted for 73.3% (1326/1808) of urogenital CT diagnoses. In women, the number of tests increased with age, whereas test positivity decreased for all STI care providers. Lower SES was associated with higher test positivity in GP and gynaecology patients. Conclusions STI clinics performed most CT tests in men, whereas GPs performed most CT tests in women. GPs and STI clinics accounted for the majority of positives. Extragenital CT testing is rarely performed outside the STI clinic and needs to be promoted, especially in men who have sex with men.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence of nonneoplastic middle ear disease among cats undergoing necropsy and the prevalence of clinical abnormalities in cats in which nonneoplastic middle ear disease was identified.

DESIGN
Retrospective case series.

ANIMALS
59 cats that underwent necropsy between January 1991 and August 2007.

PROCEDURES
Medical records were searched to identify cats in which nonneoplastic middle ear disease was identified at necropsy. For cats included in the study, data that were recorded included signalment, initial complaint, whether the cat had any clinical signs of middle or external ear disease, whether the cat had upper respiratory tract disease, necropsy diagnosis, gross appearance of the bullae, and reason for euthanasia. Signs of middle ear disease that were considered included unilateral peripheral vestibular disease without motor deficits, Horner syndrome, and facial nerve paralysis.

RESULTS
Of the 3,442 cats that underwent necropsy during the study period, 59 (1.7%) had nonneoplastic middle ear disease. Six of the 59 (10%) cats, including 1 cat that was affected bilaterally, had clinical signs of middle ear disease. Of these, 5 had signs of unilateral peripheral vestibular disease, and 1 had Horner syndrome.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results suggested that most cats with nonneoplastic middle ear disease did not have associated clinical signs. Findings may be of clinical relevance for cats in which middle ear disease is identified as an incidental finding during computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging for unrelated diseases.


A. Anagnostopoulos, Hasle Refractories A/S, Denmark, explains the benefits of coating repellent modular lining systems and their impact on the efficiency.


An extensive literature has accumulated concerning the diagnosis and treatment of benign tumors that occur within the vertebral canal. Monographs, chapters in textbooks and many excellent articles on this subject indicate the clinical course of these lesions and the favorable outlook as to life and function following their surgical treatment. A second group of tumors, namely, the primary growths of the spinal cord itself, has been given considerable attention in recent years, particularly with regard to histogenesis. In striking contrast to the voluminous literature dealing with the benign extramedullary and the usually malignant intramedullary tumors of the spinal cord there is a paucity of information concerning other malignant lesions observed within the vertebral canal. We refer to the malignant neoplastic processes that invade the spinal epidural space and frequently produce compression of the spinal cord. As examples of such lesions, we have encountered Hodgkin's disease, myeloma, carcinoma and several types


Abstract. In this study, a GIS based approach has been proposed for the flood risk zonation based on a multi-criteria spatial group fuzzy AHP decision making analysis and its integration with fuzzy overlay analysis. For this purpose, 10 layers affecting flood occurrence have been used including: the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Slope, NDVI, Flow Accumulation (Flow Ac.), HOFD, VOFD, Topographic Position Index (TPI), Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), Curve Number (CN), Modified Fournier Index. Each layer was classified into 5 sub-classes and their preference at its layer was weighted by a group of experts using fuzzy analytical hierarchy processes (GFAHP) method. Finally, the risk map of the studied area with the weight of experts and fuzzy overlay method was product and divided into five categories.


We report on the first silicon-integrated 2-D light-sensitive array equipped with complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor addressing and readout electronics and operating in the near infrared. The chip includes 64 times 8 pixels, 64 analog-to-digital converters, cancellation circuitry for dark current, and facilities for test/calibration. We describe its architecture and fabrication, its electronic and optoelectronic characterization, as well as its operation as a near-infrared camera


Background: Sporadic cases of invasive Streptococcus bovis disease have been reported in young infants. However, little is known about the clinical manifestations or the conditions that predispose to S. bovis infection in this population. Objective: The objective of this case series and review of the literature was to describe cases of S. bovis infection treated at 2 children's hospitals and compare patients evaluated at our institutions with those reported in the literature. Results: Seven infants with S. bovis infection were treated at our institutions; 4 of the patients had S. bovis meningitis and 3 of these also had S. bovis bacteremia. Five of the patients had signs of gastrointestinal disturbance at presentation. None of the 7 patients died. Twenty-three patients with S. bovis infection reported in the literature had meningitis with concurrent bacteremia (n = 9), bacteremia alone (n = 9), meningitis alone (n = 4), and pneumonia with overwhelming sepsis (n = 1). Six (26%) of the patients reported in the literature died as a consequence of S. bovis infection. The difference in median age between our patients (14 days; range, 1–43 days) and those reported in the literature (3 days; range, 1–60 days) was not statistically significant (P = 0.49). Abdominal distention was more commonly noted among patients in our series (71%) than among patients reported in the literature (10%; odds ratio = 21.3; 95% confidence interval = 1.7–319.0). Conclusions: Bacteremia and meningitis were the most common manifestations. Gastrointestinal disturbance was common among patients in our series. The mortality rate from S. bovis infection appears to be lower than suggested by previous reports.


Extensive configuration interaction wavefunctions are determined and used to calculate multiplet oscillator strengths of transitions between doublet states in Si II. Length and velocity forms are in good agreement, indicating a greater degree of convergence than was achieved in previous calculations. The f-value for the 1814 AA multiplet is discussed in some detail. The authors' calculated value is 0.0018 with an estimated error of +or-0.0004. This is lower than the ab initio value of Luo et al. (1988) or the empirically determined value of Shull et al. (1981).


We investigate tone recognition in Vietnamese across gender and dialects. In addition to well-known parameters such as single fundamental frequency (F0) values and energy features, we explore the impact of harmonicity on recognition accuracy, as well as that of the PaIntE parameters, which quantify the shape of the F0 contour over complete syllables instead of providing more local single values. Using these new features for tone recognition in the GlobalPhone database, we observe significant improvements of approx. 1% in recognition accuracy when adding harmonicity, and of another approx. 4% when adding the PaIntE parameters. Furthermore, we analyze the influence of gender and dialect on recognition accuracy. The results show that it is easier to recognize tones for female than for male speakers, and easier for the Northern dialect than for the Southern dialect. Moreover, we achieve reasonable results testing models across gender, while the performance drops strongly when testing across dialects.