We show that the segments of the Keck telescopes suffer from small but significant surface artifacts that limit segment phasing accuracy. Both the segment surface artifacts themselves and the limits they place on segment phasing have important implications for adaptive optics, high contrast imaging, and seeing limited observations. These surface artifacts are likely by-products of the segment polishing, most likely the Ion Beam Figuring (IBF) process that constitutes the final step of the segment surface figuring. The surface artifacts diffract a significant amount of light out past ±3.5 arcseconds and generate chromatic effects that limit segment phasing accuracy. We present on-sky measurements of the diffracted intensity. Segment surface roughness measurements are also presented, which show that surface roughness is not the source of the problem. These results have direct relevance to segment manufacturing for the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) and other segmented mirror telescopes.


This thesis seeks to use probability models to investigate the effects and value of battle damage assessment (BDA) information availability on sequential tasks encountered in the defense against missile attacks. Different levels of information will have different impacts on the outcome of the battle. Additional information could increase the effectiveness of the defensive weapon system. On the other hand, the enemy could use deception techniques, electronic warfare (EW) and Decoy measures on the informationgathering methods to disrupt the acquisition of information which would decrease the effectiveness of defensive weapons. In the models, we show how to best allocate limited resources; i.e. the available kill time, to maximize the reward. We define a measure of effectiveness (MOE) for information which can be used for evaluating information value and decision making. We discuss different strategic alternatives and information value for both defenders and attackers in electronic warfare (EW).


The paper aims to explore the possibility of developing a Pumped Storage Hydropower Plant (PSHPP) within an existing complex hydro system on upper Barzava, by employing the given hydro potential of the accomplished water development. The present study analyses the hydropower parameters of a proposed Gozna-Semenic PSHPP, the power station looking to employ the existing Gozna water reservoir of a functional volume Vf = 10.0 mill.c.m. The plant assumes also to accomplish some new works: an upper reservoir – Semenic, the headrace, the press water conduits, the tailrace etc. The specific elements of the proposed solution are fitted in the general scheme of the complex water development, in special relation to Gozna reservoir for which the water level variation is analyzed with respect to PSHPP running in closed circuit with a reversibility coefficient aof 0.7. The study looks also to form a technical base for the special operations at local level, specifically to the upper Barzava region, with a special interest in improving the integrate water employment in hydropower as an objective of the national and European general strategy and directives for the following decades.


lungs, air passages, or nasal cavity coicurrent with or as a sequel to it in any single case. 6. Lastly, and not least, the heart complication points strongly to a rheumatic origin. Example.-G. J.. aged 32, was taken with acute pains in the abdomen and in the lower intercostal region on the afternoon of August 4th. That evening I found him in bed, with difficulty of breathing owing to the affection of the lower intercostal muscles on both sides; pulse 92; temperature 103.40 F. He was perspiring profusely, the acid odour of the perspiration being well marked. The heart sounds were normal, and nothing abnormal was to be found in the lungs. I prescribed the following: II Sodii salicylatis, 3i ; potassii bicarbonatis, 3j; liquor opii sedativi, 3ss; spiriti chloroformi, 3jss; aquam ad. 3viij; one-sixth part every four hours. I saw him twelve hours later, and found that all pain had ceased after taking two doses; the temperature was 98.40 F. The patient was practically well. He got up that afternoon, and I put him upon an alkaline and gentian tonic. On August 6th he returned to work; he has since felt no return of the pain, and has been, perfectly well. This tallies exactly with and might be an exact description of all the other cases so treated. The cases above mentioned of heart complication occurred before I had discovered the specific effect produced by salicylate of soda and bicarbonate of potash. There was no valvular disease in them previous to the attack. Only a few weeks before I had both these patients under notice; the condition of their hearts was noted accurately. and there was nio trace of any cardiac murmur or trouble to be made out then. I attribute these attacks to the exceedingly wet summer that we have experienced this year. This district lies especially low in the valley of the Medway.


Objectives This study examined the relationship between long term unemployment (>100 days) during a recession among young men and women, both immigrants and native Swedes, and future unemployment, sickness absence, disability pension and death. Methods A register-based cohort study with data from national databases. The study population comprised all foreign-born individuals 20–24 years 1992 (N=32 808) and a random sample of Swedish-born individuals of the same age (n=186 352). The cohort was followed 1993–2007. The results were adjusted for age, income and geographical origin and analysed separately for men and women and educational background in three classes. Results Unemployed individuals at baseline (1992) had a higher risk (measured as OR) of future long-term unemployment, sickness absence and disability pension during follow-up compared to those employed. The length of the unemployment period 1992 was associated with the length of future unemployment periods and sickness absence periods. Unemployed also run an elevated risk of death compared to employed but the numbers were low in this young cohort. The higher the education level for the unemployed the lower the risk of future unemployment. There were no consistent differences between men and women or immigrants and native Swedes for the studied outcomes. Conclusions Unemployment in young ages led to increased OR for absence from work due to unemployment, sickness and disability pension during a 15-year follow-up period. To enrol young persons in working life seems to be very important both for the individual and the society.


With the proliferation of quality multi-dimensional surveys, it becomes increasingly important for researchers to employ an econometric framework in which these data can be properly analyzed and put to their maximum use. In this chapter we have summarized such a framework developed in Davies and Lahiri (1995, 1999), and illustrated some of the uses of these multi-dimensional panel data. In particular, we have characterized the adaptive expectations mechanism in the context of broader rational and implicit expectations hypotheses, and suggested ways of testing one hypothesis over the others. We find that, under the adaptive expectations model, a forecaster who fully adapts to new information is equivalent to a forecaster whose forecast bias increases linearly with the forecast horizon. A multi-dimensional forecast panel also provides the means to distinguish between anticipated and unanticipated changes in the forecast target as well as volatilities associated with the anticipated and unanticipated changes. We show that a proper identification of anticipated changes and their perceived volatilities are critical to the correct understanding and estimation of forecast uncertainty. In the absence of such rich forecast data, researchers have typically used the variance of forecast errors as proxies for shocks. It is the perceived volatility of the anticipated change and not the (subsequently-observed) volatility of the target variable or the unanticipated change that should condition forecast uncertainty. This is because forecast uncertainty is formed when a forecast is made, and hence anything that was unknown to the forecaster when the forecast was made should not be a factor in determining forecast uncertainty. This finding has important implications on how to estimate forecast uncertainty in real time and how to construct a measure of average historical uncertainty, cf. Lahiri and Sheng (2010a). Finally, we show how the Rational Expectations hypothesis should be tested by constructing an appropriate variance-covariance matrix of the forecast errors when a specific type of multidimensional panel data is available.


Compressed sensing is a technique that is suitable for compressing and recovering signals having sparse representations in certain bases. Compressed sensing has been widely used to optimize the measurement process of power and bandwidth constrained systems like wireless body sensor network. The central issues with compressed sensing are mainly the construction of measurement matrices and the development of efficient recovery algorithms. In this paper, we proposed a simple and fast recovery algorithm which performed a thresholding in the discrete cosine transform domain. We validated it by recovering electrocardiogram and electromyogram signals taken from the Phyiobank database. The simulation and experimental results have shown that the proposed recovery algorithm was 25 and 12 times faster than orthogonal matching pursuit and stagewise orthogonal matching pursuit, respectively. In addition, depending on the compression ratio, the signal-to-noise ratio of recovered signals were improved up to 2 dB.


How can we engage the secular in ways that encourage empirical investigations of its specific and embodied expressions? Locating the secular in particular places and situations invites the scholar to recognize it, to say "there it is." However, the secular seems difficult to pin down precisely: it quickly expands into everything that is not considered religion in a given context, and the distinctively secular seems to evaporate into nothing. This article explores the slipperiness of the secular, not merely as a conceptual obstacle, but as something that emerges from the way the secular is fundamentally constituted upon the absence of religion rather than any specific forms of presence. It probes what kind of spatial, material, and embodied presence such absence of religion might have, and it suggests that an answer to this question may provide us with a methodological way out of the slipperiness.


Summary

1. The growth of submerged macrophytes in softwater lakes is often assumed to be carbon limited. Isoetid species are well adapted to grow at low carbon availability and therefore commonly dominate the submerged macrophyte vegetation in softwater lakes. In many such lakes, however, large-scale invasions of fast-growing elodeid species, replacing the isoetid vegetation, have been observed.

2. In a laboratory experiment, we tested how rising aquatic carbon availability, in interaction with different densities of the isoetid Littorella uniflora, affected the growth (and thereby the potential invasion success) of the elodeid Myriophyllum alterniflorum. For this purpose, the growth of M. alterniflorum was determined at a combination of three concentrations of dissolved CO2 (15, 90, 200 μmol L−1) and three densities of L. uniflora (0, 553, 1775 plants m−2).

3. At an ambient CO2 of 15 μmol L−1, M. alterniflorum could not sustain itself, whereas at raised CO2 concentrations, growth became positive and increased with higher CO2 availability.

4. The presence of L. uniflora, independent of its density, reduced the growth of M. alterniflorum by 50%. Whether this is related to nutrient availability or other factors is not clear.

5. Despite the growth reduction of M. alterniflorum by L. uniflora, at CO2 ≥90 μmol L−1, L. uniflora was still overgrown by M. alterniflorum. This may imply that, in field situations, M. alterniflorum can invade softwater systems with relatively high CO2 availability, even in the presence of dense stands of L. uniflora.


The importance of adopting technology-supported performance systems for on-the-job learning and training is well-recognized in a networked economy. In this study, we present a performance support system (PSS) designed to support technology integration for lesson design. The goal is to support educators in the development of appropriate and effective technology integration strategies for learning and training events. The system is based on the PSS design architecture created by Hung and Chao (2007) called Matrix-Aided Performance System (MAPS). MAPS was created to minimize navigational confusion and enhance users' comprehension and synthesis of information gathered from the PSS. Fifteen educators and instructional technologists were invited to evaluate the system's readiness as well as to identify potential practical constraints that might hinder its use in a real-world setting. Findings from a perception survey and focus group interviews confirm the beneficial effects of the unified interface on navigation and orientation of content materials. Feedback provided by participants to improve the system interaction and functionality are also reported to further validate the design architecture of MAPS.


Ferrous iron associated with clay minerals can be important for the reductive transformation of organic contaminants in anoxic soils and groundwaters. We investigated the reactivity of structural Fe(II) in ferruginous smectite for the reduction of a series of polychlorinated alkanes (hexa-, penta-, 1,1,1,2-and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)) in laboratory batch reactors. Evaluation of reaction kinetics, product distribution, and C-isotope fractionation suggest that polychlorinated ethanes containing three alpha-Cl atoms reacted via reductive beta-elimination to the corresponding ethenes while CCl4-reduction leads predominantly to the formation of chloroform. Reduction kinetics followed a typical biphasic behavior characteristic of the presence of two types of Fe(II) species exhibiting different reactivity in the octahedral sheet of smectites, and reaction rate constants were pH-independent. Dehydrochlorination reactions of chloroethanes containing at least one beta-H atom were found to compete with or even dominate over the reduction reaction with increasing suspension pH. Reference experiments in homogeneous solution and with non-reduced smectite performed in the pH range of 5.5-8.5 suggest that the HCl-elimination is not catalyzed at mineral surfaces. From the observed slow transformation of chloroalkanes, we hypothesize that structural Fe(II) in smectites will be important mainly as a reductant in the subsurface once iron(hydr)oxides have been reductively dissolved.


[Introduction]:
Ever accelerating globalisation has generated a number of global flows in a variety of spheres, for example the flow of capital, media and information and, importantly for our purposes here, the flow of people and knowledge. There are many benefits to this increased fluidity of movement beyond existing national borders – it can be perceived as liberating, for example – by widening access to travel, work and education. However, such flows can at the same be perceived as profoundly destabilising and threatening, for example because of perceived threats to security or a stable sense of identity. Within this broader context, the concept of cultural sustainability is concerned with a contemporary conception of 'being in the world' that is not restricted by rigid binary oppositions, and which is open and flexible, whilst also sustaining cultural traditions, languages and knowledges. In short, the concept of cultural sustainability is about finding a sustainable balance between cultural maintenance and cultural evolution, between keeping what is perceived to be 'good', and developing the ability of adapting to new circumstances. In this chapter we mostly use culture in Raymond Williams' (1981) conceptualisation of the term, as referring to the meanings and practices of everyday life, rather than a more limited sense of culture as artefacts, unless otherwise indicated. As a logical extension, we define cultural sustainability as the ways in which those practices and meanings can be strengthened into the future.

Overall, this chapter aims to develop a conceptual framework for guiding cultural sustainability within the context of higher education (HE), and thus as a way to allow us to become more precise about what it means to 'produce global citizens'. Specifically, the chapter explores the way long-established cultural binaries such as Australian-international, host-visitor, elite-mass and minority-majority function to impede the development of university students as global citizens. This may be because these cultural binaries frame international students as outsiders who must adapt to and integrate with the host culture, including its educational practices and norms. The host culture is thus firmly positioned in the centre in an unproblematic fashion. We therefore begin by critiquing civic concepts such as 'tolerance' and 'cultural maintenance' because they tend to reinforce cultural binaries. We claim that a global citizenship discourse is also inadequate because it valorises adaptability and diversity in an unproblematic fashion without necessarily challenging their existence. The framework for 'cultural sustainability' we propose is instead based on reflective, engagement and critical practices. The strength of this framework is that it moves beyond cultural binaries by placing each student, as well as staff, regardless of context or culture, on a cross-cultural journey of engagement. The strategies that will result from this conceptual framework, and that will form the next step, will help staff and students to understand what is cultural about their own and others' cultures, including that of the university itself, and how to apply this understanding in their engagement with other individuals and cultures. As a result, these strategies help to develop a form of 'cultural literacy' that can be integrated into university curricula and into the learning and teaching journey.


—This paper studies the weight optimization problem for average consensus protocols by reformulating it as a Schatten norm minimization with parameter p. We show that as p approaches infinity, the optimal solution of the Schatten norm induced problem recovers the optimal solution of the original problem. Moreover, by tuning the parameter p in our proposed minimization, we can simply trade-off the quality of the solution (i.e., the speed of convergence) for communication/computation requirements (in terms of number of messages exchanged and volume of data processed). We then propose a distributed algorithm to solve the Schatten norm minimization and we show that it outperforms the other distributed weight selection methods.


In magnetic superlattices with interlayer exchange coupling, not only the coupling strength but also the magnetic moment of the ferromagnetic layer can be altered non-locally by modifying the electronic structure of the non-magnetic spacer layer. Specifically, changes of the electronic structure of the V spacer layers in Fe/V (001) superlattices are seen to affect the adjacent Fe layers. By reversibly loading the V layer with hydrogen, the magnetic moment of Fe increases, whereas the induced magnetic moment in V remains unchanged. The nature of this remote and non-local control of the magnetic moment is connected with a d-electron charge transfer and effective shift of the Fermi level relative to the d-bands of Fe and V, as elucidated on the basis of self-consistent electronic structure calculations.


The establishment of Bank Pembangunan Daerah is aimed to be the main contributor in the local people's economic development. Therefore, it is very important to take heed of the company's performance by evaluating its employees' performance. Based on the result of interviews and observation, it was found that employee performance was influenced by some factors such as career development and organizational culture. The objective of this research was to examine the influence of career development and organizational culture on employee performance. The research used quantitative approach which involved 242 permanent employees of Bank Pembangunan Daerah. The result of statistic analysis showed that career development and organizational culture had positive and significant influence on employee performance. The implication of this research is expected to be able to help the company's management increase their employees' performance by carrying out objective, transparent, and fair career development program and strengthen organizational culture by socializing and monitoring the implementation of firm values.


Background Thrombocytopenia is a common finding in patients in the intensive care unit receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). It is unknown if the hemofilter itself contributes to the platelet loss. Objective To measure the direct effect of the hemofilter on platelet counts during CRRT. Design Prospective, observational study Setting Intensive care unit of a University hospital Patients Critically ill patients with acute renal failure receiving CRRT. Methods Two samples of blood were drawn simultaneously, pre-filter and post-filter, and analyzed for platelet count. A correction factor was applied to the post-filter platelet count to adjust for the hemoconcentrating effect of net ultrafiltration. Results Forty-eight sets of paired data from 22 patients were studied. There was a small but significant decrease in mean platelet count across the hemofilter. The mean platelet count drop was 2.32 ×109/L (s.e. 1.06, p=0.0487, 95% CI (0.01,4.62)). Blood flow was strongly related to degree of platelet loss, with a decreased loss of 0.07 ×109/L for every ml/min increase in blood flow (p=0.015). There was no overall decrease in concurrently measured red cell counts across the hemofilter. However, there was a machine-specific affect on red cell loss (p<0.0001). The total calculated daily platelet loss across the filter was 625 ×109 cells. Conclusion The hemofilter may contribute to the thrombocytopenia seen during CRRT, by means of either destruction or retention of platelets during passage. This affect appears attenuated by higher blood flows. This information is useful in the assessment of a low platelet count in patients receiving CRRT.


Abstract:In the leadup to the 2016 US presidential election, Russia engaged in covert political action to disrupt the American political system and undermine candidate Clinton. Following Trump's shock victory, Moscow swiftly pivoted to leverage its pre-election intervention in order to degrade the coherence of the US strategic decision-making. Specifically, through seemingly feckless denial, the Kremlin sought to assert the depth and success of its meddling in the election, thereby driving a wedge between the White House on the one hand, and US intelligence community and political mainstream on the other, and keeping both sides at loggerheads. The fact that the main axis of Moscow's pre-election information campaign unfolded online helped it exploit anxieties over the unfettered circulation of information and enhance the effect of its postelection messaging.After describing the contours of this Russian gambit, we elaborate on three specific issues. We analyze the stratagem of implausible deniability—Russia's assertion of its role through seemingly feckless denial. We then ascribe the Russian intelligence community's agility to its chaotic structure and function. Finally, we account for the strategic oversight that allowed the US intelligence community to become an unwitting useful tool of Russian manipulation.


Summary form only given. The frame processing and video segmentation for real-time and high compression MPEG-4 are demonstrated. A real-time camera image input and motion detection algorithm is designed for practical MPEG-4 coding, and a video object segmentation technique to extract VOP for binary shape coding is described. This newly developed MPEG-4 encoding system can be used in a variety of multimedia applications.


Abstract:
 Neuwirth, G. & Aptroot, A. 2011. Recognition of four morphologically distinct species in the Graphis scripta complex in Europe. — Herzogia 24: 207–230. Four morphologically distinct species can be distinguished in the Graphis scripta complex in Europe, namely Graphis betulina, G. macrocarpa, G. pulverulenta and G. scripta. Graphis betulina is characterized by its raised thalline margin, G. macrocarpa has open, brownish discs, G. pulverulenta has open, white-pruinose discs, and G. scripta has apothecia that remain closed. The species are recognizable in the field, but there are also microscopical differences. All species are sympatric and occasionally co-occur on the same tree.


Abstract The reported associations between birth weight and childhood cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors have been inconsistent. In this study, we investigated the relationship between birth weight and CVD risk factors at 11 years of age. This study used longitudinally linked data from three cross-sectional datasets (N = 22,136) in West Virginia; analysis was restricted to children born full-term (N = 19,583). The outcome variables included resting blood pressure [systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP)] and lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, non-HDL, and triglycerides (TG)]. Multiple regression analyses were performed, adjusting for child's body mass index (BMI), sociodemographics, and lifestyle characteristics. Unadjusted analyses showed a statistically significant association between birth weight and SBP, DBP, HDL, and TG. When adjusted for the child's BMI, the association between birth weight and HDL [b = 0.14 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.18) mg/dl per 1000 g increase] and between birth weight and TG [b = –0.007 (–0.008, –0.005) mg/dl per 1000 g increase] remained statistically significant. In the fully adjusted model, low birth weight was associated with higher LDL, non-HDL, and TGs, and lower HDL levels. The child's current BMI at 11 years of age partially (for HDL, non-HDL, and TG) and fully mediated (for SBP and DBP) the relationship between birth weight and select CVD risk factors. While effects were modest, these risk factors may persist and amplify with age, leading to potentially unfavorable consequences in later adulthood.


We reported that allogeneic "Neo-Islets" (NIs), organoids composed of ~ equal numbers of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and culture expanded Islet Cells (ICs) do, when given i.p., omentally engraft and permanently restore euglycemia in auto-immune diabetic NOD mice, i.e., without the use of either encapsulation devices or antirejection drugs. Similarly, spontaneously diabetic pet dogs treated with allogeneic canine NIs (cNIs) significantly improve glycemia with ~ 50% reduction in insulin needs (> 2 years), and this without immune response. In preparation for a Phase I Clinical Trial we tested whether human ICs in NIs (hNIs) are biologically comparable to canine Islet Cells (cICs) and cNIs, i.e., cells from a larger diabetes model. In our preclinical mouse and dog studies, insulin and other islet hormone gene expression levels were used as indicators of ICs in NIs to adequately re-differentiate into insulin and islet-specific endocrine cells when implanted i.p., thereby resulting in physiological control of T1DM.Human islet cells from 6 donors of different demographics were cultured, passaged to P4, and their growth rates, insulin and other islet-associated endocrine genes' expression levels, secretion of insulin in response to glucose stimulation (GSIS), and NI formation abilities were compared. Results: (1) hICs and hNIs show comparable gene expression profiles to those of cICs and cNIs, and hNIs show identical GSIS responses to those of cNIs. (2) Insulin gene expression profiles of hICs are stable as a function of population doublings and independent of donor diversity. In conclusion, these data indicate that donor variability does not appear to be a significant factor in this NI technology, facilitating our IND work and further demonstrating hNIs' translational potential in a planned Clinical Trial in subjects with T1DM. Disclosure A. Gooch: Employee; Self; SymbioCellTech. S.S. Chowdhury: Employee; Self; SymbioCellTech. P. Zhang: Employee; Self; SymbioCellTech. Z. Hu: Employee; Self; SymbioCellTech. C. Westenfelder: Consultant; Self; SymbioCellTech.


Purpose
This paper aims to explore ways through which social marketing could help to revolutionise marketing education and argues that this change is needed now. The world is confronting a variety of serious challenges, including a global pandemic, an urgent climate emergency and overdue social transformations. Social marketing, with its far-sightedness, holistic systems thinking and genuine concern for the well-being of society and the environment, is ideally positioned to step forward to help accelerate the transformation of marketing education for the next generation of marketers.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is conceptual and is informed by the literature on social marketing over its 50 years history, supplemented by the wider marketing literature. A SWOT analysis is used to analyse the proposed transformation of marketing education.

Findings
Six strengths are proposed by which social marketing can help to revolutionise marketing education, identified under the acronym COHERE: collaboration with a diversity of disciplines and stakeholders; openness to sharing knowledge, experience and detailed case studies; a holistic approach with a longer time horizon; engaging authentically with the social good; research that breaks new ground in theory and practice; and ethics embedded at its core.

Practical implications
The opportunities to help revolutionise marketing education offered through these strengths are explored, the weaknesses and threats acknowledged and the implications for marketing and social marketing analysed.

Originality/value
This paper proposes how (through the six identified strengths) and when (now) social marketing can help revolutionise marketing education, by adopting a dual lens of social and commercial marketing.


[reaction: see text] A new method for homogeneous nucleophilic scavenging employing oligomeric sulfonyl chloride (OSC) reagents is described. The method utilizes OSC to rapidly scavenge a variety of amines that are present in excess. The OSC reagents are generated from ROM polymerization of 2-chlorosulfonyl-5-norbornene utilizing the second generation Grubbs catalyst to produce oligomers of varying size as stable, free-flowing powders. Following the scavenging event, these oligomers are precipitated with ethyl acetate leaving products in excellent yield and purity.


We present the results of a multiwavelength follow-up campaign for the luminous nuclear transient Gaia16aax, which was first identified in 2016 January. The transient is spatially consistent with the nucleus of an active galaxy at z = 0.25, hosting a black hole of mass ${\sim }6\times 10^8\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$. The nucleus brightened by more than 1 mag in the Gaia G band over a time-scale of less than 1 yr, before fading back to its pre-outburst state over the following 3 yr. The optical spectra of the source show broad Balmer lines similar to the ones present in a pre-outburst spectrum. During the outburst, the H α and H β emission lines develop a secondary peak. We also report on the discovery of two transients with similar light-curve evolution and spectra: Gaia16aka and Gaia16ajq. We consider possible scenarios to explain the observed outbursts. We exclude that the transient event could be caused by a microlensing event, variable dust absorption or a tidal encounter between a neutron star and a stellar mass black hole in the accretion disc. We consider variability in the accretion flow in the inner part of the disc, or a tidal disruption event of a star ${\ge } 1 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ by a rapidly spinning supermassive black hole as the most plausible scenarios. We note that the similarity between the light curves of the three Gaia transients may be a function of the Gaia alerts selection criteria.


In this work, we prepare composites of ZnO–GO and ZnO–rGO through an economic and facile route and comparatively study their gas sensitivity towards ethanol. The morphological, compositional and structural properties of the prepared composites are investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy–dispersive X–ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and X–ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The optimal work temperature of 300˚C was observed for the prepared samples. ZnO–GO–based sensor shows higher sensitivity than ZnO–rGO. Also, the variation of response and recovery time with the gas concentration is investigated. As is expected, the sensitivity increases as the gas concentration increases. Besides, it was revealed that the response and recovery time is a function of the surface morphology.


The main objective of this paper is to identify the impacts of social globalisation comprised of personal contacts, information flows and cultural proximity to the financial and social efficiency of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs). This study had conducted two stages of analysis, in which the first stage is Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach and the second stage is multiple panel regression analysis under Generalized Least Square estimation method. The results exhibit that the overall MFIs operated in a relatively optimal scale during the period of the study. However, these MFIs were managerially inefficient in utilising their resources to achieve both social and financial efficiency. The results from panel regression analysis showed that only personal contacts exhibit a significant positive relationship with the financial efficiency of MFIs. This study could contribute new insights and implications to various parties, such as MFIs, policy makers, investors and researchers to improve the efficiency of MFIs.


Non-profit healthcare systems may seek to create an integrated care delivery system by acquiring other healthcare companies. Particular risks arise when nonprofit healthcare systems purchase for-profit management services organizations. In this Contribution, Victoria Hamscho, Daniel Weinstein, and Ryan Knox ('19) call attention to some significant risks non-profit healthcare systems face in acquiring for-profit managed services organizations (including fraud and abuse, corporate practice of medicine laws, antitrust violations, and tax violations) and suggest possible means of mitigating these risks.


It is widely known that the scavenging process plays a very important role in the performance and efficiency of two-stroke engines. Briefly, scavenging is the process by which the fresh charge displaces the burnt gas from the cylinder. Due to the difficulties associated with the measurement techniques, CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) is a very helpful tool to analyze the flow pattern inside the cylinder. CFD simulations can provide more detailed information than experimental studies. For this reason, this chapter focuses on a numerical analysis to simulate the fluid flow and heat transfer inside the cylinder at the scavenging process.


The authors investigated the place of court precedent in the system of law of the European Union and in the system of law of Ukraine. In particular, the essence of court precedent is reveal by analyzing the positions of scientists to determine this concept and its features. Restored the law basis for the activities of the European Court of Human Rights and the International Court of Justice. Seen features of the use of court precedent in the use of law in countries of general and continental law, namely in England, Germany, France. The problems of the place of court precedent in the Ukrainian national system of law in the framework of modern euro-integration processes are investigated. The features of the implementation of the case-law if the European Court of Human Rights in the national Ukrainian legislation in the context of its adaptation to European Union law in the context of European integration are clarified.


If a solution cannot be found within states, it's time to look outside our own borders. This Article does just that. With murder amongst family members slowly becoming a frequent phenomenon, comes the burden of determining inheritance. This burden grows exponentially, however, when the slayer is later found not guilty by reason of insanity as a result of a mental illness at the time of the killing. States have grappled with their treatment of the insane slayer in different ways, either by letting them inherit due to their lack of intent, or by refusing to let them inherit under public policy justifications. By arguing that the insane slayer should be able to inherit due to their lack of intent at the time of the killing and the uncontrollable genetic inheritance of their mental illness, this Article is the first to present a solution for the insane slayer through a comparative approach. Specifically, by adopting statutory language from the Forfeiture Act of 1995 No. 65 in New South Wales, Australia. This piece of legislation weighs the conduct of the offender, the conduct of the deceased, the effect of the rule on the defendant and other persons, and any other matters the court finds material. As a result, this Act exudes the discretion, subjectivity, and fairness that the traditional American slayer statute lacks. By consolidating language from the Forfeiture Act of 1995 and traditional American slayer statutes, the statutory solution proposed in this Article has the potential to protect the insane slayer in ways other laws have failed to do.


Bacteria are a source of a large number of secondary metabolites with several biomedical and biotechnological applications. In recent years, there has been tremendous progress in the development of novel synthetic biology approaches both to increase the production rate of secondary metabolites of interest in native producers and to mine and reconstruct novel biosynthetic gene clusters in heterologous hosts. Here, we present the recent advances toward the engineering of novel microbial biosensors to detect the synthesis of secondary metabolites in bacteria and in the development of synthetic promoters and expression systems aiming at the construction of microbial cell factories for the production of these compounds. We place special focus on the potential of Gram-negative bacteria as a source of biosynthetic gene clusters and hosts for pathway assembly, on the construction and characterization of novel promoters for native hosts, and on the use of computer-aided design of novel pathways and expression systems for secondary metabolite production. Finally, we discuss some of the potentials and limitations of the approaches that are currently being developed and we highlight new directions that could be addressed in the field.


In the present study a central corneal epithelial defect (diameter 3.5 mm) was made in both eyes at 12:00 h in one group of rats and at 24:00 h in another group to see if the regenerative proliferation is influenced by circadian rhythms. The labeling index and the mitotic rate were registered at 4-h intervals in the perilimbal conjunctiva, the limbal area, and different parts of the cornea from the following morning until noon the day after that. The most pronounced regenerative proliferation was seen in the midperipheral and peripheral cornea. The regenerative response occurred in both groups 24-28 h after the injury, but was highly influenced by the normal circadian rhythms, especially with regard to the mitotic rate. The results support the theory that even regeneration is influenced by a circadian proliferative factor.


The Bineau reduction to scalar form of the equation governing ideal zero-frequency linearized displacements from a hydromagnetic equilibrium possessing a continuous symmetry is performed in 'universal co-ordinates', applicable to both the toroidal and helical cases. The resulting generalized Newcomb equation (GNE) has in general a more complicated form than the corresponding one-dimensional equation obtained by Newcomb in the case of circular cylindrical symmetry, but in this cylindrical case we show that the equation can be transformed to that of Newcomb. In the two-dimensional case there is a transformation that leaves the form of the GNE invariant and simplifies the Frobenius expansion about a rational surface, especially in the limit of zero pressure gradient. The Frobenius expansion about a mode rational surface is developed and the connection with Hamiltonian transformation theory is shown. The derivations of the ideal interchange and ballooning criteria from the formalism are discussed.


Designing of a comprehensive high altitude EAS array for primary particle determination within the PAMIR-XXI project
N. P. Topchiev3, A. S. Borisov3, R. Bakhromzod1,4, V.V. Batraev1, V. I. Galkin1,
S. Z. Latipova5, A.R. Muqumov1,4
1Department of Space Physics, Faculty of Physics, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University,
Moscow 119991, Russia.
2D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University,
Moscow 119991, Russia.
3Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
4Umarov Physical-Technical Institute of Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Dushanbe 734063,
Tajikistan.
5Tajik National University, Faculty of Physics, Dushanbe 734025, Tajikistan.
E-mail: email@example.com

The method is described for estimation of the parameters of primary particles of extensive air showers by a complex high mountain detector array, developed in the framework of PAMIR-XXI project. The results can be useful for other high altitude projects as well as for the method of EAS detection in general. We present particular configurations of optical and charged particles detectors, methods of data processing, the achievable accuracy of reconstruction of primary particle parameters, namely, energy, direction, and mass/type. The most part of the results relates to the optical detectors which are able to deal with the EAS from nuclei in the range of primary energies E_0 = 100 TeV–100 PeV and with the gamma-ray showers of energies E_gamma ≥ 30 TeV. Also considered are the options of the charged particle detector grids intended to estimate the direction and energy of the EAS in the range of E_0= 1 PeV – 1 EeV. The estimates of the accuracies should be considered as upper limits of real experimental accuracies.

PACS: 96.50.sb, 96.50.sd.
Keywords: extensive air showers, Cherenkov light, Monte Carlo simulations, statistical pattern
recognition.


At the present stage of poultry production is characterized by a high technological level of development thanks to purposeful work of breeders, animal feed production technologies and equipment. Use of crosses with high potential of growth and development, so we must encourage such feature by optimizing the diet of biologically active substances or to search for new effective their sources. The article presents data on the positive effects of high doses of vitamins A and E in feed for broiler chickens. In particular, the live weight increased by 8,89 % compared with the control group. Anatomical development carcasses showed that in experimental groups significantly increased breast muscle mass from 11,09 to 37,30 %. Along with the growth of the mass of pectoral muscles in broiler chickens research groups reduced the number of internal fat, indicating that the improvement of the quality of meat. Also significantly higher glycogen content in the pectoral muscles.


Amid globalization, traditional products with low adaptability lose market share. Considering that one of the main limitation of traditional products is their marketability under minimum quality standards, the following question arises: Is it possible to obtain traditional products with a level of quality recognizable by consumers? In the EU the answer for this question is found mainly in context of the protected designations of origin (PDO). A PDO status adds quality to the product by the value of its own identity, reflecting the quality standards expected by the consumer. The main objective of this work is to develop a proposal to obtain a PDO in Ecuador, studying the general principles of a designation of origin in Ecuador and comparing them with the European vision of a PDO of animal origin. Therefore, this paper defines the commercial, social, and agricultural aspects of the implementation of a PDO. Using an interregional approach, several products eligible for carrying the PDO seal are compared, and the legal framework for implementation in Ecuador is considered. Finally, a list of conditions based on the "Queso de Hoja de Cayambe" (Cayambe "string" cheese) has been developed, which could be used as a benchmark for implementation of a PDO on other products. The conclusion is that to implement a PDO in Ecuador, administrative flexibility, political will, and scientific engagement are needed. This study may be used as a preliminary tool for the development of community projects focused on livestock agriculture and food products.


This study was conducted to explore and recommend the short-term and medium-term measures for improving the overall performance of Practical Action Southern Africa(PASA). The research proposition was that PASA was failing to achieve its strategic objectives due to misalignment among its strategy, structure, systems, leadership style, shared values, staff relations and skills management.
Data was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire survey on directors of four similar International non-governmental organisations (INGOs). A structured Likert scale questionnaire survey was also conducted on the employees of the same INGOs. Qualitative data was subjected to content analysis while quantitative data was analysed using the Pearson's Chi-Square tests on SPSS in order to understand the relationship of views between directors and employees about their respective organisations. The McKinsey's 7S model was applied to evaluate the extent of strategic alignment of PASA.
Limited availability of donor funding was found to be the most critical external factor that was negatively affecting the attainment of the strategic objectives of PASA. The internal factors which needed urgent attention by the PASA management were the operational systems, the organisational structure, operationalisation of organisational values, skills development and management, and staff relations.PASA is also advised to develop and incorporate process indicators in its performance monitoring and management system.
This research concluded that PASA management could gain a competitive edge over its competitors by reviewing and improving their systems, structure, leadership style, employee skills development, innovative capabilities as well embedding the organisation's values into their culture of doing business. The researcher suggested that future research should focus on the operations and contributions of the different types of INGOs in specific geographical and socio-economic settings, as well as measurement of their impact on communities. Further research is also needed to understand how INGOs try to attain competitive advantage in their line of business, including an analysis of partnership models.


The aim of this study was to obtain a culturally adapted Spanish version of the American Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES IV). For this purpose, rigorous procedures were used in the retro-translation process and in the subsequent empirical study. The sampling consisted of 455 university students and a balanced scale of 13 items (α = .87) was obtained; a scale that can be used independently. Moreover, the study was rounded off with a 6-factor model that includes 2 central scales—cohesion and adaptability—and 4 extreme scales—chaotic, rigid, disengaged, and enmeshed—each one with 4 items. All the scales proved to have good psychometric qualities and suitable convergent, concurrent, and content validity, yet it will be necessary to go more deeply into the rigid scale. The construct validity was supported by a confirmatory factorial analysis with sound fit indexes (root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.046, normed fit index [NFI] = 0.94, the comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.97, and the goodness-of-fit index [GFI] = 0.92). In its Spanish version, FACES IV is a useful instrument for family assessment, although further studies need to be carried out so as to confirm the results obtained.


BACKGROUND
Physical inactivity has been identified as the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality and is associated with increased breast cancer diagnosis and recurrence.

PURPOSE
To examine the association between adult lifetime physical activity and breast cancer risk in a case-control analysis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study involved 122 cases of breast cancer and 121 controls in the state of Kelantan in Malaysia. A comprehensive measure of lifetime physical activity was used to assess occupational, household, and recreational/sports activity. For every type of activity, a metabolic equivalent (MET) score was assigned using the compendium of physical activities. MET-hours/week per year for all types of activities at different levels of intensities for different age groups were calculated. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios between various measures of physical activity and breast cancer risk.

CONCLUSIONS
The mean MET-hours/week per year for all activities were 120.0 and 132.9 of MET-hours/week per year for cases and controls respectively. Household activities accounted for about 70% of the total lifetime physical activities. Only about 2.5% of the total lifetime physical activities were in the form of recreational/sports. This study found no association between lifetime occupational and recreational/sports physical activities with breast cancer risk among Kelantanese women. However, higher intensity lifetime household activities seemed to significantly reduce risk of breast cancer.


IMAMI UR is one of the Association minang active student at the University of Riau. Imami UR in running the organization formed a group communication. communications groups in the IMAMI UR formed with the goal of one of them is to build solidarity members. For that reason, this study aims to determine the IMAMI UR group communication views of the role of communicators group, the messages that are exchanged, patterns of interaction and communication networks as well as members solidarity.This study uses qualitative methods. As for the subject of the Informants were selected using a purposive technique. Informan of this reasearch consisted of three board consisting of a chairman, secretary and public relations and the two members of the IMAMI UR. Data collection techniques used observation, interview, and documentation.The results of this research show that members of IMAMI UR have roles according to the group structure. As a well-structured group, messages delivered in the interaction is about the performance of the group members. Interaction patterns that formed on IMAMI UR progresses through inter-personal communication. Communication network that also formed, from this interactuin is all channels network communication. IMAMI UR members uphold the norms of decency. And solidarity group formed is organic and mechanical solidarity


With the advance of multicast technologies, source-specific multicast (SSM) has been introduced as a feasible communication model. In the IPv6 environment, since many kinds of equipment can be connected to the Internet as regular end-nodes and assume multicast communication in general, considering the scalability proposed by SSM is very valuable. Regarding an SSM communication over IPv6, an implementation of Multicast Listener Discovery version 2 (MLDv2) on every end-node is indispensable as well as on every router. One of the most concerning points of MLDv2 is its complexity, therefore it may delay the SSM deployment due to its implementation cost. In view of this fact, having an effective and accurate MLDv2 reference implementation is urged and desired for multicast deployment. In this document, we illustrate MLDv2 host-side implementation, mainly the most complex Multicast Source Filtering (MSF) procedure, applied to 4.4BSD kernel. While presenting the implementation concept, design, and logic, we evaluate the behaviors of our implementation. In addition, a performance investigation is also mentioned.


Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the cause of many different forms of heart disease worldwide and yet few cardiologists are aware of it as an etiology of heart disease, or its treatment. The burden of HBV and HCV derived heart diseases are global, with a higher prevalence in Asia, Africa, and low- and middle-income countries. The study showed that in more than 10% of Japanese patients, their cardiomyopathies are associated with HCV infection. More recently, it is found in the USA that up to 15% of patients with heart failure with myocarditis have been associated HCV infection. In contrast, in China 79% of patients with hepatocellular cancer and 37% of hepatitis C patients have heart disease, as detected by measuring a proven and sensitive biomarker of heart disease, NT-proBNP. In Pakistan, 17% of hepatitis C patients have heart diseases, as measured by this metric (NT-proBNP). Based on these data, 3% of 6.6 billion (198 million) persons worldwide are infected with HCV and 17–37% (34–73 million) persons are suffering from HCV-derived heart diseases. These figures may be comparable to the number of patients with hepatitis C. HCV infection causes only hepatitis in some patients, only heart diseases in some patients, and both hepatitis and heart diseases in other patients. A global network is required to establish methods to detect heart diseases caused by infectious agents. Other goals for the network are the expansion of preventive and therapeutic programs in under privileged countries. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v8i2.16084 University Heart Journal Vol. 8, No. 2, July 2012


A continuous infusion of atracurium was used to provide neuromuscular blockade in 25 adult patients undergoing liver transplantation following atracurium, suxamethonium or vecuronium for intubation. Blockade was monitored by recording evoked electromyographic response and maintained with a mean infusion rate of 0.38 +/- 0.14 mg kg-1 h-1 during 306 +/- 80 min of operation. Atracurium requirements appeared to be less during the anhepatic period and greater after removal of the vascular clamps on the new liver. No instances of arterial hypotension or anaphylactoid reactions attributable to atracurium were reported. It can be concluded that a continuous infusion of atracurium is a safe, effective and convenient technique of ensuring neuromuscular blockade during liver transplantation, at a rate of infusion no different from that needed in patients with normal hepatic function.


An inhibit sense multiple access-direct sequence/code division multiple access (ISMA-DS/CDMA) medium access control protocol for a packet transmission mobile radio network is presented. The main feature of this protocol is its ability to retain the inherent flexibility of random access protocols while at the same time reducing to some extent the randomness in the access in order to increase the system capacity. In this framework, the protocol is presented together with some adaptive mechanisms that improve the protocol performance by means of regulating the access and varying the transmission bit rate according to the channel load that is broadcast by the base station. As a result, an adaptive bit rate algorithm is presented that reaches a throughput value close to the theoretical maximum.


tation by Guy D. Nave Jr, The Role and Function of Repentance in Luke-Acts (Atlanta, GA: Society of Biblical Literature, 2002. $32.95. pp. 2.41. ISBN 1-58983-031-8) argues convincingly that the word actually means 'to change one's mind' and so one's life, and seeks to show the importance of this in Luke's narrative structure. The resulting combination of lexicography, narrative criticism and redaction criticism is an illuminating study of Luke-Acts. Some examiners might question the decision to omit Hermas from the comparative material by far the most interesting parallel and perhaps not far distant in time or


BACKGROUND
It has been suggested that sexual offending by people with intellectual disability (ID) results from a pattern of impulsive behaviour that is consistent with psychosocial disadvantage, rather than sexual deviancy. This study aimed to explore this hypothesis by assessing levels of impulsiveness in sexual offenders, non-sexual offenders and non-offenders with mild ID.

METHOD
Impulsiveness was assessed using a modified version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (11th edition). Total impulsivity scores were compared between sexual offenders, non-sexual offenders and non-offenders, all with mild ID.

RESULTS
There was a significant difference in the levels of impulsiveness between sexual offenders and non-sexual offenders with ID (t=2.83, P<0.01). The sexual offenders were less impulsive than non-sexual offenders.

CONCLUSIONS
This study did not support the hypothesis that sexual offending by people with ID is better explained by impulsive behaviour rather than sexual deviancy. It supports recent findings that among the general population, sexual offenders are less impulsive than controls and violent offenders.


Sprint start and block acceleration are two very important phases which could determine the result of a sprint. Tellez & Doolittle (1984) showed that these two phases account for 64% of the total result for a 100m sprint. Sprinters have to move from a crouch to a standing position, trying to reach their maximal velocity as fast as possible. Many authors have delved into the biomechanical factors concerning both phases (Fortier et al., 2005; Harland & Steele, 1997; Schot & Knutzen, 1992). Trunk orientation is considered by coaches one of the key elements in moving from the crouch to the upright position, however only a few studies focused specifically on this parameter (Coh et al., 1998; Coh et al., 2006; Natta et al., 2006). Moreover, the experimental setups used in the latter studies are quite cumbersome and limited in terms of acquisition volume (motion capture systems, high-speed cameras or optical contact time meters), therefore, they are hardly usable during everyday training sessions. Wearable inertial measurement units (IMU), that embed 3D linear acceleration and angular rate sensors (accelerometers and gyroscopes), can be effectively used to perform in-field biomechanical analysis of sprint running, providing information useful for performance optimisation and injury prevention. In particular, IMUs provide an estimate of body segment rotations relative to an inertia system of reference with one axis oriented as the gravitational field. The aim of this pilot study is to validate the use of a single IMU to estimate the trunk orientation angle in the progression plane during a sprint start from the blocks.


The A/E/C (Architecture, Engineering, Construction) industry is very traditional. In contrast to other industries (e.g. car or ship industry) no prototypes are trialled and tested before manufacturing. Each building is unique, thereby excluding large scale production. Over the past thirty years, computers have become ubiquitous even in the AEC industry. Yet in building design we are still exchanging data and making design decisions as a century ago, with paper drawings and reports. Although building design support tools are used for design confirmation at the end of the design process, important decisions are already made in the conceptual design stage. This paper reports an ongoing research which focuses on the different stages of the design process, their needs and key issues. Depending on the distinction of the design stages, literature review was done in the field of Multi-objective evolutionary algorithms. The variability in the definition of their fitnessfunction, the difference of inheritance, mutation etc. could add benefit to one specific design stage. The paper finishes with indicating trends for future work.


Introduction.
The domestic life of domestic tyrants is one of the things which it is the most
imperative on the law to interfere with.
John Stuart Mill,
Principles of Political Economy.
The violence which husbands inflict on their wives is different from other sorts of
violence in that it normally takes place in a particular location and within a particular
set of social relations. It takes place in a setting which we perceive as a safe haven
in a heartless world, and within a relationship which for many people is a source of
happiness and security. The discrepancy between the violence and the setting
within which it takes place both makes it harder to harder to understand the problem
and makes it harder to help those who are the victims.
Who are the victims of domestic violence? They are most often women: wives, cohabitees,
girlfriends, daughters and mothers. The aggressors are most often men:
husbands, boyfriends, fathers and sons. The rarity of battered men is hardly
surprising given the history of heterosexual relationships, the power disparity which
has existed between men and women, the socialisation of the sexes and the
physical disadvantages of women.
In this thesis, I shall try to present an objective, comprehensive theoretical overview
of the problem of domestic violence. In Chapter Two, "Conceptualising family

violence", I shall try and demonstrate this. In defining the types of problems we
face, theoretical frameworks define where we should look if we want to make sense
of violence, and hence where we should intervene if we want to stop it.


Article types include original clinical and basic research articles, case reports, commentaries, meeting reports, methodology, perspective, research proposal, reviews, software/database reviews, and technical advance. The supplement aims to provide readers with an exploration of recent advances in research on and treatment of heart failure. This includes but is not limited to the following topics: Pathophysiology § § Evaluation § § Management § § Diagnosis § § Prognosis § § Treatment § § Screening § § Prevention § § Epidemiology § § Risk factor modification § §


While much legal research has examined the problem of court delays and backlogs, the link between the prosecutor's incentives to press charges and the subsequent effect on congestion in the criminal justice system has remained largely overlooked. To understand the implications of such decisions for court congestion, we model prosecutor incentives using queuing theory. We demonstrate that a benevolent decision-maker weighs the trade-off between the desire to increase the volume of cases reaching the court in order to convict the guilty and the delay costs that are due to the length of court proceedings. Using two prosecutorial incentive schemes that have previously been identified in the literature—the conviction rate and the total number of convictions—we find that a prosecutor who is acting to increase his own utility would deviate from charging the socially-desired number of cases. Following these negative results, we design a mechanism that induces the prosecutor to press charges in the socially-optimal number of cases. Also new in this paper is the methodology of using queuing theory in conjunction with issues of court delay and prosecution incentives. While thus far this tool has been widely applied in other disciplines of economics research, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to utilize this method in issues related to court congestion.


We studied the pressor response to norepinephrine infusion in patients with an autosomal dominant adult-onset leukodystrophy. We also examined cardiovascular and catecholamine responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. A parallel shift to the left of the norepinephrine dose response curve, in conjunction with low baseline plasma norepinephrine levels, was consistent with denervation supersensitivity, suggesting a distal lesion of sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. Absence of the epinephrine response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia indicated that autonomic neuropathy was attended by severe adrenal medullary dysfunction.


We evaluated the safety and efficacy of total knee replacement in patients receiving continuous warfarin therapy. We identified 24 consecutive patients receiving long-term warfarin therapy who underwent total knee replacement between 2006 and 2008 and compared them with a group of age- and gender-matched patients not on long-term anticoagulation. Primary observations were changes in haemoglobin, transfusion rates and complications. Secondary observations were fluctuations in the international normalised ratio (INR) and post-operative range of movement. There was no significant difference between the two groups in pre- or post-operative haemoglobin, incidence of transfusion or incidence of post-operative complications. There were no surgical delays due to a high INR level. The mean change in INR during the peri-operative phase was minimal (mean 0.4; SD 0.7). There was no significant difference in the range of movement between the two groups after day two post-operatively. Current American College of Chest Physicians guidelines recommend bridging therapy for high-risk patients receiving oral anticoagulation and undergoing major orthopaedic procedures. We have shown that a safe alternative is to continue the steady-state warfarin peri-operatively in patients on long-term anticoagulation requiring total knee replacement.


A branch of automated program repair (APR) techniques look at finding and reusing existing code for bug repair. ssFix is one of such techniques that is syntactic search-based: it searches a code database for code fragments that are syntactically similar to the bug context and reuses such retrieved code fragments to produce patches. Using such a syntactic approach, ssFix is relatively lightweight and was shown to outperform many other APR techniques. In this paper, to investigate the true effectiveness of ssFix, we conducted multiple experiments to validate ssFix's built-upon assumption (i.e., to see whether it is often possible to reuse existing code for bug repair) and evaluate its code search and code reuse approaches. Our results show that while the basic idea of ssFix, i.e., reusing existing code for bug repair, is promising, the approaches ssFix uses are not the best and can be significantly improved. We proposed a new repair technique sharpFix which follows ssFix's basic idea but differs in the code search and reuse approaches used. We evaluated sharpFix and ssFix on two bug datasets: Defects4J and Bugs.jar-ELIXIR. The results confirm that sharpFix is an improvement over ssFix. For the Defects4J dataset, sharpFix successfully repaired a total of 36 bugs and outperformed many existing repair techniques in repairing more bugs. For the Bugs.jar-ELIXIR dataset, we compared sharpFix, ssFix, and four other APR techniques, and found that sharpFix has the best repair performance. In essence, the paper shows how effective a syntactic search-based approach can be and what techniques should be used for such an approach.


Studies of hormone-related biochemical parameters of human endometrium are facilitated by the availability of a variety of types of endometrial tissue resulting from changes in hormonal environment during the menstrual cycle or from decidual, hyperplastic, and neoplastic transformations. Estrogen and progesterone receptors levels, rates of metabolism of ovarian hormones, enzymatic activities regulated by hormones or affecting intracellular concentrations of steroids, rates of production of prolactin and prostaglandins, and endogenous levels of hormones have been measured in samples of endometrial tissue and in separated glands and stroma. These studies have also included an evaluation of effects of estrogens and progestins administered to patients or added to the medium during in vito incubations of endometrium under organ culture conditions. Epithelial cells derived from isolated glands and stromal cells have been grown in primary cultures and also subcultured. These studies have revealed two mechanisms by which progestins exert an antiestrogenic effect on the endometrial tissue: viz, they were found to provoke a decline in estrogen receptor levels and to increase the metabolism of E2 through stimulation of estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase activity. In addition, studies of cells in culture have led to the unexpected finding of wide and rapid fluctuations in the levels of estrogen receptors, thus providing an opportunity to investigate factors involved in the regulation of concentrations of specific E2-binding sites.


This work presents a general geometric framework for simulating and learning the dynamics of Hamiltonian systems that are invariant under a Lie group of transformations. This means that a group of symmetries is known to act on the system respecting its dynamics and, as a consequence, Noether's Theorem, conserved quantities are observed. We propose to simulate and learn the mappings of interest through the construction of $G$-invariant Lagrangian submanifolds, which are pivotal objects in symplectic geometry. A notable property of our constructions is that the simulated/learned dynamics also preserves the same conserved quantities as the original system, resulting in a more faithful surrogate of the original dynamics than non-symmetry aware methods, and in a more accurate predictor of non-observed trajectories. Furthermore, our setting is able to simulate/learn not only Hamiltonian flows, but any Lie group-equivariant symplectic transformation. Our designs leverage pivotal techniques and concepts in symplectic geometry and geometric mechanics: reduction theory, Noether's Theorem, Lagrangian submanifolds, momentum mappings, and coisotropic reduction among others. We also present methods to learn Poisson transformations while preserving the underlying geometry and how to endow non-geometric integrators with geometric properties. Thus, this work presents a novel attempt to harness the power of symplectic and Poisson geometry towards simulating and learning problems.


Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare metabolic disease caused by variations in a human gene, PAH, encoding phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), and the enzyme converting the essential amino acid phenylalanine into tyrosine. Many PKU-causing variations compromise the conformational stability of the encoded enzyme, decreasing or abolishing its catalytic activity, and leading to an elevated concentration of phenylalanine in the blood, which is neurotoxic. Several therapeutic approaches have been developed to treat the more severe manifestations of the disorder, but they are either not entirely effective or difficult to adhere to throughout life. In a search for novel pharmacological chaperones to treat PKU, a lead compound was discovered (compound IV) that exhibited promising in vitro and in vivo chaperoning activity on PAH. The structure of the PAH-IV complex has been reported. Here, using alchemical free energy calculations (AFEC) on the structure of the PAH-IV complex, we design a new generation of compound IV-analogues with a higher affinity for the enzyme. Seventeen novel analogues were synthesized, and thermal shift and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) assays were performed to experimentally evaluate their stabilizing effect and their affinity for the enzyme. Most of the new derivatives bind to PAH tighter than lead compound IV and induce a greater thermostabilization of the enzyme upon binding. Importantly, the correspondence between the calculated alchemical binding free energies and the experimentally determined ΔΔGb values is excellent, which supports the use of AFEC to design pharmacological chaperones to treat PKU using the X-ray structure of their complexes with the target PAH enzyme.


During the last three decades, a considerable amount of software has been developed based on obsolete technologies (such as using procedural languages). This type of systems has undergone severe code revisions during a long time period. As a consequence, the high level of entropy combined with imprecise documentation about the design and architecture make the maintenance more difficult, time consuming, and costly. On the other hand, these systems have important economical value; many of them are crucial to their owners (Bennett, 1995). For the high cost of lost former investment and business knowledge that embedded in those systems, in many cases, simply abandon legacy systems and re-develop new systems based on new technology is not the choice. Migrating legacy system toward new emerging technology is an appropriate solution. However, migrating legacy system towards new technology is a complex system engineering work. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to reduce the migration complexity. We apply dynamic program analysis, software visualization, knowledge recovery, and divide-and-conquer techniques to cope with the complexity issue in legacy software migration project.


The rise in health care costs, caused by older and more complex patient populations, requires Population Health Management approaches including risk stratification. With risk stratification, patients are assigned individual risk scores based on medical records. These patient stratifications focus on future high costs and expensive care utilization such as hospitalization, for which different models exist. With this study, the research team validated the accuracy of risk prediction scores for future hospitalization and high health care costs, calculated by the Adjusted Clinical Group (ACG)'s risk stratification models, using Dutch primary health care data registries. In addition, they aimed to adjust the US-based predictive models for Dutch primary care. The statistical validity of the existing models was assessed. In addition, the underlying prediction models were trained on 95,262 patients' data from de Zoetermeer region and externally validated on data of 48,780 patients from Zeist, Nijkerk, and Urk. Information on age, sex, number of general practitioner visits, International Classification of Primary Care coded information on the diagnosis and Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification coded information on the prescribed medications, were incorporated in the model. C-statistics were used to validate the discriminatory ability of the models. Calibrating ability was assessed by visual inspection of calibration plots. Adjustment of the hospitalization model based on Dutch data improved C-statistics from 0.69 to 0.75, whereas adjustment of the high-cost model improved C-statistics from 0.78 to 0.85, indicating good discrimination of the models. The models also showed good calibration. In conclusion, the local adjustments of the ACG prediction models show great potential for use in Dutch primary care.


This article analyzes the impact of value estimation errors on portfolios' growth rates and relative growth rates for several portfolio weighting methods. In contrast to previous articles, this one addresses the effect of estimation errors on portfolio growth rates due to increased return volatility. The portfolio weighting methods examined include capitalization weights, estimation error independent weights, Fundamental weights, and Diversity weights. The article provides theoretical support, in the context of estimation error, for the empirical findings that many non-capitalization weighted portfolios' returns beat the market's capitalization-weighted portfolio return over time. It also provides a theory for the size effect.


Abstract The aim of this study was to obtain evidence on the validity of the Emotional Quotient Inventory Youth Version-Short Form (EQ-i:YV-S) with a sample of Mexican adolescent participants. The sample comprised 375 adolescents, 183 males (48.8%), from years seven to 12 (Mage = 14.80, SD = 1.72). Different tests were carried out to provide evidence of the questionnaire's validity: (1) reliability and internal consistency analyses; (2) exploratory and confirmatory analyses; and (3) correlational and predictive validity analyses through structural equation modelling. The four EQ-i:YV-S subscales (interpersonal, intrapersonal, stress management and adaptability) provided acceptable indexes of reliability. Exploratory factor analysis supported the multidimensionality of the questionnaire. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the hierarchical model that hypothesized four first-order factors and one second-order factor (social-emotional intelligence) had the best fit for the data. Finally, the positive correlations found between the four specific EQ-i:YV-S subscales, general self-concept and satisfaction with life, supported the convergent validity of the questionnaire; in addition, the questionnaire's capacity to predict satisfaction with life corroborated its predictive validity. It can therefore be affirmed that the EQ-i:YV-S is a brief questionnaire that is suitable for measuring the emotional intelligence of Mexican adolescents.


This study examined coverage of protests in five major newspapers in the United States between 1967 and 2007, and found that during that time period, protests were depicted as a nuisance. Such depictions are attributed to the rise of a "public nuisance" paradigm in coverage of protests, theorized to be linked to an increased conservatism in America, and driven by the notion that protests are a bothersome interruption of everyday activities, as well as ineffective and unpatriotic. Discussion of protests as nuisances increased substantially across time, and ideologically liberal protests were treated as nuisances more often than were conservative ones.


Mice so x-rayed as greatly to reduce the lymphoid tissue are rendered highly susceptible to tuberculous infection. On the other hand) when a marked lymphocytosis is induced by first immunizing mice against, and then inoculating them with cancer, the resistance to tuberculous infection is greatly enhanced. This heightened resistance may be set aside and even changed to a state of increased susceptibility to the infection by again depleting the lymphocytes by means of the x-ray.


This work analyses the accuracy of the estimated mechanical speed and electromagnetic torque in a Direct Torque Controlled (DTC) induction motor drive with no speed measurement. A literature study has been performed in order to reveal new areas where the DTC technology can expand to, and this knowledge was compared with the accuracy data to determine the most feasible areas of expansion. The most promising new technique is to combine the DTC technique, with its estimation of speed, torque and power, with a model based method of estimating load state variables. If the load is observable using the DTC estimates, and the estimates are considered accurate enough for control purposes, this could potentially replace load process measurements such as mass flow or process pressure. A model based method could also increase the knowledge available about the load, leading to more efficient control methods and reduced energy consumption. A MATLAB Simulink model of the DTC drive was implemented using a DTC drive block from the SimPowerSystems library as basis. The original block speed controller relied on a speed measurement feedback, but a new speed, torque and flux estimator using only current and voltage measurements was implemented, and the speed measurement feedback replaced with a speed estimate feedback. Lab measurements from a preliminary project were analyzed and compared to the simulation setup results. A simplified transfer function from measured speed to DTC estimated speed is suggested. It is equal to the speed estimate low pass filter transfer function. Several analyses show this to be a good approximation. The unfiltered speed estimation is shown to have a very high accuracy of better than 0.3% error for applied load torque frequencies of up to 10Hz, when the estimated data is used as input to frequency analyses. But the unfiltered speed signal also has a very high ripple, explaining the need for the low pass speed filter. The filtered speed estimate has some measurement errors, due to the damping in the speed filter. The estimated electromagnetic torque is very accurate, which is one of the strengths of DTC. The different parameters in the DTC setup, and their impact on the speed and torque estimates, were analyzed. The speed filter setting and the DTC speed sampling time was found to be the most important settings considering the accuracy of the speed estimation. Some improvements in the speed estimate calculation in the simulation model are suggested to improve the speed estimate. Improvements are also suggested for the ACS800 DTC drive in the lab setup. Where increasing the memory available for sampling would significantly improve the frequency analyses.


Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood and adolescence. Despite intergroup clinical trials conducted in Europe and North America, outcomes for high risk patients with this disease have not significantly improved in the last several decades, and survival of metastatic or relapsed disease remains extremely poor. Accrual into new clinical trials is slow and difficult, so in vitro cell-line research and in vivo xenograft models present an attractive alternative for preclinical research for this cancer type. Currently, 30 commonly used human RMS cell lines exist, with differing origins, karyotypes, histologies, and methods of validation. Selecting an appropriate cell line for RMS research has important implications for outcomes. There are also potential pitfalls in using certain cell lines including contamination with murine stromal cells, cross-contamination between cell lines, discordance between the cell line and its associated original tumor, imposter cell lines, and nomenclature errors that result in the circulation of two or more presumed unique cell lines that are actually from the same origin. These pitfalls can be avoided by testing for species-specific isoenzymes, microarray analysis, assays for subtype-specific fusion products, and short tandem repeat analysis.


In late stage Parkinson's disease (PD), medical treatment may not control the symptoms adequately, and the patient may become eligible for bilateral high frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN). The effect of STN DBS on gait and postural instability is not always as predictable as the effect on clinical symptoms tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia. This may relate to the type of gait disorder or the stimulating electrode localization in the STN. We sought to evaluate the effect of STN DBS on gait performance during overground walking and gait initiation--assessed with 3D optokinetic movement analyses--and to compare the DBS effect with stimulation site localized on peri-operative MRI. The stimulation sites were grouped according to STN borders visualised on pre-operative MRI, and the active stimulation site was compared with clinical improvement and gait parameters. STN DBS is associated with improved movement amplitude while movement duration may be unaffected by both disease and stimulation. This may imply an improvement primarily on hypokinesia including gait hypokinesia.


Death and disability as a result of cerebrovascular disease are a significant and growing problem in our ageing society. Surgery for significant carotid artery stenosis (>50%) in the form of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) reduces the subsequent risk of ipsilateral stroke. This benefit is particularly evident in recently symptomatic patients with minor stroke or transient ischaemic attack.1 2 Asymptomatic subjects with significant carotid artery stenosis (>70%) also benefit from surgery (stroke risk at 10 years 10.8% vs 16.9% with medical treatment (gain of 6.1%, 95% CI 2.7% to 9.4%)).3

Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is a less invasive alternative to CEA avoiding the morbidity associated with a surgical incision. However, CAS is a technically demanding procedure and some early results were poor, with an unacceptably high peri-procedural stroke risk with CAS compared with CEA. Pooled outcome data for 3433 symptomatic patients randomised in EVA-3S, SPACE and ICSS trials demonstrated that risk of stroke and death in the first 120 days were significantly higher after CAS (8.9%) than after CEA (5.8%, RR=1.53, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.95; p=0.0006). Patients over 70 years of age were identified as a group in whom CAS has particularly poor results with double the risk of adverse outcome in CAS compared with CEA. In patients younger than 70 years there was no significant difference in risk estimate of stroke or death at 30 days.4 In the recent CREST study, there was no significant difference between stenting and surgery for the composite end point of any stroke, myocardial infarction or death within the perioperative period. Ipsilateral stroke risk at 4-years' follow-up was similar (2.0% and 2.4%, respectively; …


Grid computing offers many scientific and commercial benefits, notwithstanding many technical and organizational constraints. In such a scenario, satisfactory service can be provided to end users through software agents. These software agents are recognized as a powerful high level abstraction for developing a complex software system. ABRMAS system has been proposed to enhance the existing agent based hierarchical system by introducing the concept of alternate solution for efficient resource discovery. It increases the success rate of the agent by providing alternate solution. The scope for devising means of cutting delays arising out of prolonged wait for instantly unavailable resources is also examined in this paper. Agents are designed so as to provide an alternate solution even in case of discovery fails for time bound and cost bound task. The collaboration of agents in such a situation helps to solve the resource discovery problem in an efficient manner with other agents.


Emphasis on English language proficiency and digital literacy among Malaysian students in schools have been given utmost priority in the Malaysian Education Transformation (2013 – 2025). With the introduction of Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR), (Council of Europe, 2001) the emphasize for low proficient students to acquire vocabulary knowledge is crucial for them to move progressively into the next band as stated in the CEFR global scales. Yet, concerns arises as how the implementation of (CEFR) will impact the low proficient students with almost none to limited vocabulary acquisition. This poses an extremely high risk of these students being left far behind as English is a second language to most students. Thus, the aim of this study is to use blended learning to expand the vocabulary acquisition among low proficient students and enable them to move progressively in the CEFR band. The mixed method study employed questionnaires, face to face interviews, pre and post test and observations to collect data from 20 low proficient students aged 14 from a semi urban secondary school. Data collected were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The study found that using blended learning not only enhances low proficient students vocabulary count in CEFR English but it also promotes autonomous learning and understanding of sentence structures. Hence, the use of blended learning proves to be a crucial alternative for low proficient students to enhance their vocabulary knowledge and understanding of sentence structures through digital literacy that is capable of motivating and challenging them to achieve their highest potential.


Initially Pre-experimental trials were conducted to decide the levels of addition of Moringa pod powder in the whey beverage. On the basis of results of preliminary trials the most acceptable three levels of Moringa pod powder were chosen for experimental trials. The experimental treatments prepared without drumstick pod powder as control (T0), incorporation of 0.5 per cent drumstick pod powder (T1), 1 per cent drumstick pod powder (T2) and 1.5 per cent drumstick pod powder in the whey beverage (T3), and 8 per cent sugar was kept constant for all treatments. The mean fat, protein, total sugar, reducing sugar, total solids, total fibre, ash, titratable acidity (% lactic acid) and pH, values ranged from 0.54 to 0.82 per cent, 0.73 to 1.01 per cent 12.42 to 13.49 per cent, 4.39 to 4.40 per cent, 14.28 to 16.15 per cent, 0.00 to 0.15 per cent, 0.59 to 0.83 per cent, 0.29 to 0.32% LA and 5.25 to 5.16, respectively.


Compared with the large literature on subordinate employees, there are few studies of emotional exhaustion and turnover intention for organizational leaders. There is little research that has extended the job demands-resources (JD-R) model of emotional exhaustion to leaders. In this study, the authors adapted the JD-R framework to analyze data collected from a sample of 410 leaders of addiction treatment organizations. The authors considered whether two job demands (performance demands and centralization) and two job resources (innovation in decision making and long-range strategic planning) were associated with emotional exhaustion and turnover intention. The authors also examined whether emotional exhaustion fully or partially mediated the associations between the job-related measures and turnover intention. The results supported the partially mediated model. Both job demands were positively associated with emotional exhaustion, and the association for long-range strategic planning was negative. Emotional exhaustion was positively associated with turnover intention. Centralization and innovation in decision making were also directly associated with turnover intention. Future research should continue to examine this theoretical framework among leaders of other types of organizations using more refined measures of demands and resources.


Fast and reliable communication between human worker(s) and robotic assistants is essential for successful collaboration between the agents. This is especially true for typically noisy manufacturing environments that render verbal communication less effective. In this work, we investigate the efficacy of nonverbal communication capabilities of robotic manipulators that have poseable, three-fingered end-effectors (hands). We explore the extent to which different poses of a typical robotic gripper can effectively communicate instructional messages during human–robot collaboration. Within the context of a collaborative car door assembly task, we conducted a series of three studies. We first observed the type of hand configurations that humans use to nonverbally instruct another person (Study 1, N = 17); based on the observation, we examined how well human gestures with frequently used hand configurations are understood by recipients of the message (Study 2, N = 140). Finally, we implemented the most human-recognized human hand configurations on a seven-degree-of-freedom robotic manipulator to investigate the efficacy of having human-inspired hand poses on a robotic hand compared to an unposed hand (Study 3, N = 100). Contributions of this work include presentation of a set of hand configurations humans commonly use to instruct another person in a collaborative assembly scenario, as well as recognition rate and recognition confidence measures for the gestures that humans and robots express using different hand configurations. Results indicate that most gestures are better recognized with a higher level of confidence when displayed with a posed robot hand.


Introduction Faecal calprotectin (FCP) assay has an important role in identifying potential cases of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, a significant proportion of patients presenting with diarrhoea and raised FCP do not prove to have IBD following investigation of whom a proportion have an acute self-limiting gut infection. Enteric pathogens are alternative causes of a raised FCP. Alleviating the need for endoscopy in the patients will save money and reduce patient anxiety. However, conventional laboratory methodologies are time consuming and insensitive in detecting gut infection. Commercial nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) technology now makes it possible to test stool for a panel of gut pathogens quickly and relatively cheaply. In this pilot study, we evaluated this technology in detecting gut infection amongst patients with a diarrhoeal illness and raised FCP, presenting in the community. Methods Ninety patients with diarrhoea had stool samples submitted from the community to the laboratory for FCP measurement. Samples were anonymised before testing with NAAT (BD MAX™ Enteric Bacterial Panel). The targets of this assay are Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp. Shigella (Shigella spp. and enteroinvasive E. coli) and verotoxigenic E coli. Samples were stratified by FCP level into sub-groups (n = 30): <50, 50–150, >150 µg/g stool and analysed for the presence and type of gut infection found. All samples were also cultured using standard media. Results 2/30 samples tested (7%, 95% CI 8–23%) with FCP > 150 µg/g tested positive by NAAT for Campylobacter. No patients with FCP below 150 µg/g had a detectable pathogen. No samples were positive by conventional culture methods. Conclusion This pilot study supports a role for the use of multiplex NAAT in detecting enteric pathogens amongst patients with diarrhoea and raised FCP. Prospective studies are required to evaluate this approach further which offers the potential to refine the IBD referral pathways from primary care and reduce the need for endoscopic and radiological tests. Disclosure of Interest None Declared


The beginning of 1970s has witnessed the country's political and economic predicament. To address these, the 1989 government has succumbed with the IMF program. For a better understanding of the immediate short-run impact of the adjustment programs, this article tests simple models that show the supply-side effects of IMF policies, the results of which indicate that the primary determinant of output and domestic price level is the lending rate. Hence, the task of 1990s is to arrive with policies that focus on the stagflationary effect of contractionary policies, the role of real exchange rate on output and prices and the importance of investment and capital stock.


This chapter explores issues in jury trials involving persons accused of committing acts of international terrorism or financially or otherwise supporting those who do or may commit such acts. The jury is a unique institution that draws upon laypersons to decide whether a person charged with a crime is guilty or innocent. Although the jury is instructed and guided by a trial judge and procedural rules shape what the jury is allowed to hear, ultimately the laypersons deliberate alone and render their verdict. A basic principle of the jury system is that at the start of trial the jurors should have open minds and regard the accused innocent until proven guilty. The chapter raises issues about jurors' assumptions of innocence in the aftermath of terrorist bombings in the United States, England, Bali, Spain and elsewhere when persons are persons accused of committing acts of terrorism or indirectly supporting terrorists through financing organizations associated with terrorism. A study of a United States trial involving charges of supporting terrorism is used to illustrate the problem, but the thesis of this chapter is that the basic issues apply to trials that might be held in England, Australia, Canada or other countries with jury systems.


Little is known about how team sport athletes individually and collectively experience sources of stress during competitive sport encounters. This study aimed to examine the nature of the stressors team sport athletes appraised during games at individual and team levels, as well as their degree of synchronization during an unfolding game. Through individual self‐confrontation interviews, the activities of nine basketball players of the same team were examined in detail. The results revealed that 12 categories of stressors were reported, and categorized into two larger units reflecting stressors perceived as affecting (a) "the team functioning as a whole" and (b) "a player's own functioning". Thus, the nature and degree of similarity of the game‐specific stressors experienced by basketball players within a single team were identified during a game. In addition, the findings showed six different patterns of synchronizations of team members' stressors, as well as their changes over the course of the game. They provided support for the synchronized appraisal and experience of stressors within a team during a game. By adopting an interpersonal perspective and examining the temporal interplay in team members' activities, this study shed light on stress within teams.


Industry 4.0 and the ongoing digital transformation along with a large number interconnected machines anddevices increase the role of cybersecurity, cyber incident handling and incident response in the factories of the future (FoF). Cyber incident information sharing plays a major role when we need to formulate situational pictures about FoF operations and environment, and respond to cybersecurity threats related to e.g. the implementation of novel technologies. Sharing of incident information has a major drawback since it may reveal too much about the attack target, e.g. in the case of legacy systems and therefore restrictions may apply. We have developed a proof-of-concept service that combines access control and encryption of data at high granularity and a mechanism for requesting access to restricted cyber incident information. Theobjective was to demonstrate how access to restricted incident data fields could be managed in a fine-grained manner to enhance information sharing.