s will be considered anonymously, that is without knowledge of the name(s) of the author(s) or the institution of origin. Members wishing to present original communications to the Society are therefore asked to prepare abstracts which provide sufficient information for assessing the paper on merit-an assessment which amounts to competitive selection between the various abstracts submitted. In the preparation and submission of abstracts, the following points should be observed: (1) Abstracts should not exceed 300 words. Each must be headed by a title, authors' names, institution and address. (2) An actual summary of the communication is required. This will usually involve: (i) A brief introduction to the work. (ii) An outline of the methods used. (iii) A summary of the results. (iv) A statement of the main conclusions. (3) Simple tables may be included. This is an excellent method of summarizing data. (4) Accepted abstracts may be published as such with the proceedings of the Society in the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. So, unless they are received in a form suitable for publication, they will be returned to the author(s) for re-writing. In particular, statements such as 'The data will be discussed' are entirely unacceptable. (5) Abstracts should be sent to the Senior Honorary Secretary, The Heberden Society, c/o Arthritis and Rheumatism Council, Faraday House, 8-10 Charing Cross Road, London, WC2H OHN. Abstracts received at least two weeks before each Executive Meeting (normally held on the same day as scientific meetings of the Society) will be assessed at that meeting. (6) When submitting abstracts, authors must state whether the communication has been or is about to be read at another meeting; or has been or is about to be published. (7) Authors will be notified (i) when an abstract is received, (ii) when it is either accepted or rejected, (iii) when it is placed on a programme for a particular meeting. Heberden Round This was conducted by Dr. J. T. Scott at the Mathilda and Terence Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology on March 19, 1971. Dr. Scott took as his theme the problem of 'Uric Acid Ups and Downs', and showed a number of patients with various types of gout and disorders of purine metabolism. Clinical Meeting At a meeting held at the Kennedy Institute on March 19, 1971, the following papers were given: Prognosis in Systemic Sclerosis. By R. BENNETr, R. BLUESTONE, P. J. L. HOLT, and E. G. L. BYWATERS (Department ofMedicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London) This paper and the discussion thereon will be published in full in the Annals in November, 1971, under the title 'Survival in Scleroderma'. Destructive Lesions of Vertebral Bodies in Ankylosing Spondylitis. By M. I. D. CAWLEY, T. M. CHALMERS, and J. BALL (Rheumatism Research Centre, University of Manchester) There are a number of reports in the literature of destructive lesions of the lower thoracic or lumbar vertebral bodies in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. The precise nature of these lesions is uncertain, in particular their relation to spondylitic inflammation and to non-specific factors such as trauma. In an attempt to clarify this issue, we have studied twelve patients in whom such lesions have been detected clinically and radiologically. Follow-up has varied from 0 to 16 years. In most cases the patient described the recent onset of a pain, aggravated by exercise and relieved by rest, felt in an area consistent with the site of the lesion. Physical examination revealed local tenderness in all, with pain on jarring or forced extension of the affected area, and in some a gibbus was visible on inspection. The radiological changes varied from a localized collapse and sclerosis of the anterior part of a vertebral plate to gross destruction with collapse of two or more adjacent vertebral bodies and fracture extending to involve the neural arch. The histological changes in cases with gross destruction are not qualitatively different from those seen in an un-united fracture. A comparison with the appearance in non-specific pseudoarthroses suggests that the inflammatory element in these spondylitic lesions may be secondary to trauma. Treatment by immobilization of the affected area in a brace, or by surgical fixation, resulted in rapid symptomatic relief. On clincial, radiological, and pathological grounds, it is considered that trauma is the dominant or possibly the sole aetiological factor in the production of these lesions. We emphasize that the early diagnosis ofthis complication depends on recognition of a qualitative and quantitative change in symptoms, and that successful management differs fundamentally from that of uncomplicated spondylitis.


[1] We examine the vertical structure of the tidally driven bottom boundary layer during nearly homogeneous (N 2 < 10 -5 s -2 ) and strongly stratified (N 2 ∼ 10 -4 s -2 ) conditions in a shallow coastal region dominated by semidiurnal tides. From moored array and shipboard measurements taken at a 76-m-deep study site on the southern flank of Georges Bank, we infer tidal velocity profiles, bottom stress estimates, Richardson numbers, and turbulent dissipation rates. On the basis of our measurements, we discuss changes in tidal boundary-layer dynamics in the presence of weak and strong stratification. We compare observations to results from two different one-dimensional numerical circulation models: a two-layer eddy viscosity model with linear eddy viscosity distribution in the lower layer and constant eddy viscosity in the upper layer (2LK), and a continuously varying eddy viscosity model (both in time and in the vertical) with Mellor-Yamada level 2.5 closure (MY2.5). Both models compare favorably with observations during nearly homogeneous conditions, but show disagreement with data when the water column is strongly stratified. In the case of 2LK, the model overestimates the bottom stress and does not reproduce the observed velocity maximum at mid-depth. This behavior is clearly related to the absence of buoyancy effects in the simplistic turbulence closure scheme. The advanced MY2.5 scheme, on the other hand, reproduces the observed velocity distribution and bottom stress well. However, the model also predicts an abrupt adjustment from the turbulent bottom boundary layer to a nearly nonturbulent region above which is not supported by our Richardson number estimates and observed turbulent dissipation rates. Potential reasons explaining the discrepancies between observations and MY2.5 include high-frequency internal-wave mixing and underestimation of the critical Richardson number used by the model to describe the transition from active to decaying turbulence.


Editor's note: The aim of the Geology and Mining series is to introduce early-career professionals and students to various aspects of mineral exploration, development, and mining in order to share the experiences and insight of each author on the myriad of topics involved with the mineral industry and the ways in which geoscientists contribute to each.

 Artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning (ML) have emerged in the last few years from relative obscurity in the mineral exploration sector and they now attract significant attention from people in both industry and academia. However, due to the novelty of AI and ML applications, their practical use and potential remain enigmatic to many beyond a relatively few expert practitioners. We introduce this subject for the nonexpert and review some of the current applications and evolving uses. For the most traditionally minded geologist, we argue that ML can be an invaluable new tool, contributing to topics that range from exploratory data analysis to automated core logging and mineral prospectivity mapping, such that it will have a substantial impact on how exploration is conducted in the future. However, ML algorithms perform best with a large amount of homogeneously distributed clean data for a well-constrained objective. For this reason, the application to exploration strategy, especially for optimizing target selection, will be a challenge where data are heterogeneous, multiscale, amorphous, and discontinuous. For the more tech-savvy geologist and data scientist, we provide notes of caution regarding the limitations of ML applied to geoscience data, and reasons to temper expectations. Nonetheless, we project that such technologies, if used in an appropriate manner, will eventually be part of the full range of exploration tasks, allowing explorers to do more with their data in less time. However, whether this will tip the scales in favor of higher discovery rates remains to be demonstrated.


OBJECTIVE
Prospectively identifying individuals at heightened risk for depression can alleviate the disease burden of distal physical and mental health consequences after cancer onset. Our objective was to identify heterogeneous trajectories of adjustment in cancer patients, using treatment-type as a predictor.

METHODS
Participants were followed for 6 years within the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a prospective population-based cohort study. The sample consisted of 1,294 middle-aged participants who were assessed once before and 3 time points after their report of an initial cancer diagnosis. In addition to self-reported depressive symptoms, subjects indicated receipt of surgical, radiological, or chemical interventions as part of their usual oncological care.

RESULTS
Four symptom trajectories were identified with Latent Growth Mixture Modeling: an increasing depression (10.5%), chronic depression (8.0%), depressed-improved (7.8%), and stable-low depression (73.7%). A conditional model using participants with available predictor data (n = 545) showed individuals in the emerging depression class were significantly more likely to have received chemo/medication therapy when compared with the remitting depression, stable-low, and chronic depression classes. Participants in the chronic and depressed-improved classes generally had worse baseline health, and the depressed-improved were also younger in age.

CONCLUSION
Patients who exhibited increasing depressive symptoms had a greater probability of receiving chemo/medication therapy than any other adjustment trajectory group, although the majority of chemotherapy patients did not exhibit depressive symptom changes. These data underscore the diversity of ways that patients adjust to cancer, and suggest cancer treatment, baseline health, and age may influence long-term patterns of psychological adjustment.


Abstract SantaBarbara, NJ, Whitworth, JW, and Ciccolo, JT. A systematic review of the effects of resistance training on body image. J Strength Cond Res 31(10): 2880–2888, 2017—The purpose of this systematic review was to identify and appraise the literature that has specifically tested the independent effects of resistance training (i.e., weightlifting) on body image in adults. A comprehensive search of electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, PsycNET, and Web of Science for relevant studies published in peer-reviewed journals through December 2016 was conducted, and PRISMA guidelines were followed. Inclusion criteria were that a study had to be (a) written in English, (b) published in a peer-reviewed journal, (c) conducted an assessment of body image using a validated scale before and after a stand-alone resistance training intervention (i.e., not coupled with another mode of treatment), and (d) excluded participants younger than 18 years. Methodological quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. A total of 7,324 studies were identified, and 11 were included in this review. The majority (8 of 11) of studies concluded that resistance training can significantly improve multiple dimensions of body image, including body satisfaction, appearance evaluation, and social physique anxiety; however, only 3 studies were considered high quality based on their PEDro score, and several methodological limitations exist. Overall, resistance training seems to have the potential to improve body image in adults, but future high-quality studies with more rigorous testing methods and study designs are needed.


Introduction: Vaccines require continuous monitoring to increase their compliance, quality, and safety. We conducted this study to fulfill the research gap for the adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) after COVISHIED (ChAdOx1nCoV-19) vaccination among Nepali of eastern Nepal.
Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 25 Jan 2021 to Jul 2021 at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital of Morang, Nepal.  The data on COVISHIELD vaccine recipients at this center were analyzed for AEFI. Ethical clearance was obtained.
Result: Out of 167 vaccine recipients, the mean age was 28.08±7.35 y. The AEFI occurred in 122(73.1%) and 89(72.9%) who developed symptoms on the same day of vaccination. The AEFI symptoms were less common in males (OR 0.43; CI (0.19-0.96; P 0.03). In both sexes, the AEFI symptoms were reported on the same day of vaccination than the next day but it had no significant association.
Conclusion: The AEFI following COVISHIED vaccination was reported by 2/3rd recipients mostly on the same day of the vaccine and less common in males.


Oral proteolytic enzymes like serratiopeptidase are very commonly used by clinicians either alone or in combination with non-steroidal antiin lammatory drugs for analgesia and anti-in lammatory purpose. As the activity of these drugs is not proved in trials, and they are not listed in any country's of icial pharmacopoeia, it was planned to study their effect in osteoarthritis patients. Two groups (n= 30 each) of diagnosed knee osteoarthritis patients, were treated with diclofenac 50 mg twice a day (BID) and serratiopeptidase 10mg three times a day (TID) + Diclofenac 50 mg BID for two weeks. The pain and dif iculty in daily activities were assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and Mc Masters Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC OA) index scale before and after the treatment. Highly signi icant improvement in both scales was seen in both groups. There was no statistically signi icant difference in the improvements found in both groups. Addition of serratiopeptidase has not potentiated analgesic and antiin lammatory effects of diclofenac. Thus, the analgesic and anti-in lammatory ef icacy of serratiopeptidase are not proved.


When whole marrow is introduced into porous calcium phosphate ceramic, bone forms on the walls of the pores. As an extension of earlier studies, bone marrow cells derived from the femora of inbred rats were introduced into tissue culture, and the adherent cells were cultivated, mitotically expanded, subcultured, harvested, placed in small cubes of porous calcium phosphate ceramic, and grafted into subcutaneous sites of syngeneic rats. Primary marrow-derived, cultured mesenchymal cells introduced into ceramic showed strong osteogenic potential, with bone forming in the pore regions of ceramic as early as two weeks after in vivo implantation; cartilage was observed infrequently in pores that appeared to be avascular. Osteogenesis could be observed after the 18th subculture (over 36 population doublings) when the cells were tested in ceramic at subcutaneous sites, whereas chondrogenesis was observed with only the first and second subcultured cells in the ceramic delivery vehicle. With increasing numbers of subcultures, the initiation of osteogenesis and the apparent rate of bone formation declined, and the course of osteogenesis was delayed. Cultured, marrow-derived mesenchymal cells, even after the 21st subculture (over 40 population doublings), exhibited a positive histochemical reaction for alkaline phosphatase. However, the in vivo osteogenic potential of these cells was not correlated with their alkaline phosphatase activity. The implantation of cell pellets or the injection of cell suspensions of fresh or cultured, adherent marrow cells never produced bone or cartilage in heterotopic sites. These data indicate that porous ceramic provides an excellent delivery vehicle for cells that are capable of osteogenic expression and suggest that the composite graft of marrow-derived mesenchymal cells and porous ceramic may be useful for repair of massive bone defects. It may be possible to culture marrow mesenchymal cells as a source for reparative cells for implantation back into autogeneic sites.


3A, the processor in the vertical direction, a subtracter 14A, 15A and 16A calculates the difference between the image data of four vertically adjacent pixels, the absolute value and sign of the difference thus calculated, the difference of these changes value. The use of such changed difference, generating image data of four pixels. Further, in the horizontal direction processor 3B, the subtractor 14B, 15B and 16B calculates the difference between four horizontally adjacent pixels of the image data, the absolute value and sign of the difference thus calculated, the difference of these changes value. The use of such changed difference, generating image data of four pixels.


The linear proportional solenoid (LPS) is an actuator for a proportional control valve used in hydraulic pressure-control devices. The LPS must have a constant thrust over a designated displacement range, and the thrust must also increase in proportion to the exciting current. This paper deals with the effect of using dither to remove hysteresis phenomena, and describes numerical solutions for the thrust F and displacement x, which are characteristics of the LPS. Dither is a useful small-amplitude oscillation which is introduced to overcome the effect of hysteresis. When dither is applied, the maximum hysteresis of the thrust is decreased from 6% to 3%. The LPS consists of four different magnetic materials, and its F-x characteristic was calculated by the finite element method (FEM). The calculated F-x characteristics approximated the measured results to within an error of 2%. A newly proposed LPS, which maintains constant thrust over a broader range, is also described.


With the exception of major surgical procedures, all investigative and therapeutic regimes regarding infertility can be instituted and carried to completion via the ambulatory office and hospital route if a foundation for understanding and cooperation between the physician and the couple is established during the initial stages.


textabstractLymphatic filariasis (LF) is a mosquito-borne, tropical disease caused by filarial worms. Infection can lead to disabling chronic disease, characterized by swelling of extremities or external genitalia (lymphoedema, elephantiasis and hydrocele). Mass treatment with antifilarial drugs is used to reduce the parasite load in the population, in order to reduce transmission and prevent disease. This is so effective that elimination of LF seems possible.
Using a mathematical for lymphatic filariasis transmission in Pondicherry, India, we predicted how long yearly mass treatment would have to be continued to achieve elimination. Six annual treatments with the recommended combination of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and albendazole would be sufficient if population coverage is 65% per round. Only four rounds would do if coverage is 80%. The required duration of mass treatment increases with endemicity level.
In a comparison of transmission efficiency for different mosquito species, we found that the relationship between infection intensity in humans and the number of infective larvae developing in mosquitoes differed markedly. Mosquito characteristics may largely influence elimination prospects and predictions for Pondicherry cannot be generalized.
A further study concentrated on the role of acquired immunity. We found that existing models for such immunity, which predict a decline in infection intensity in older humans, are not valid for lymphatic filariasis. We also quantified the effects of drugs treatment on different parasite stages: DEC and ivermectin were found to affect a very large proportion of microfilariae and adult worms; these drugs were even more effective when given in combination with albendazole.
In conclusion, prospects for LF elimination by mass treatment are good if population coverage is sufficiently high, but the required duration depends on local transmission dynamics, endemicity level, and the efficacy of employed treatment regimens.


In this paper, we propose a link-directionality-based dual channel MAC protocol in an attempt to double the capacities of networks using the single-channel IEEE 802.11 protocol. When an IEEE 802.11 ad-hoc network achieves capacity C by using a single channel, the targeted capacity by using two channels should be 2 - C. However, most of the multichannel 802.11 protocols proposed in the literature only appear to be able to achieve less than 60% of the 2 ldr C targeted capacity. Simulations show that our proposed scheme can achieve more than 106% of our targeted capacities, 1.06*2 ldr C = 2.12 ldr C. We believe this is a first paper in the literature to propose a MAC protocol to transmit RTS/DATA and CTS/ACK of a link on different channels, a key step that yields significant potential for multiplying the network capacities of ad-hoc networks.


Actinobacillus suis has been isolated from the lungs of 9-month-old cat. The bacterium was characterized biochemically as well as genetically, and its sensitivity profile to different antimicrobial agents was established. The role of this isolate in the cat's condition is discussed.


The emergence of districts in nanotechnology represents a new pattern of scientific development. The factors affecting their growth are analysed to understand the drivers of economic development. By analyzing the top 200 nano-districts, Nanotrendchart sheds light on the clusterization process: academic production is seen to be highly concentrated, with fifteen districts representing over half of published articles; Asian districts are clearly growing significantly faster than those elsewhere; and district growth in the domain of engineering and physics is more rapid than in other disciplines. Scientific diversity, actors diversity as well as the degree of openness of the cluster influence their evolution. Highly specialised clusters witness lower growth rates


MPs have called on the government to reveal how much the failure of the first private company to run an NHS hospital will cost the taxpayer.

The parliamentary Public Accounts Committee published a report on 18 March1 as an update on the situation at Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust in Cambridge.

In February 2012 a private health company, Circle, took operational control of the trust, becoming the first such company to run an NHS hospital, but in January of this year it announced that it intended to withdraw from the contract,2 just three years into the 10 year franchise. It expects to hand back responsibility for running the trust to the NHS by the end of this month.

The Hinchingbrooke trust is a small district general hospital with nearly 1500 staff and in 2013-14 had an annual income of …


Introduction The teaching in Heat and Power Technology world-wide (and in most other technical fields) is usually performed in a classical way in which students listen to some lectures and then solve some textbook problems. Some students also select a project of more applied nature, but these are usually fairly small and do not illustrate the complete course work during a full academic year. Mostly the students do not see the relevance of their studies to real engineering problems until after the end of the studies. The Division of Heat and Power Technology (HPT) at KTH approach the problem of teaching the last-year undergraduate students the basic knowledge in Heat and Power Technology in a different way. The students and teachers are involved in a "role play" project during one academic year. A company has been founded which intends to construct a power plant for a specific purpose, and delegates the buyer's role to a consultant who in turn intends to have the students at HPT design the complete power plant during one academic year. This project will be integrated inside the Computerised Educational Program currently developed at the Division (Fig. 1). This project started in 1996 and aims at developing an interactive platform for the teaching of Heat and Power Technology. A CD-ROM is available which offers a number of interactive simulations and multimedia presentations dealing with several fields related to Heat and Power. Inside this CD, the students will find the various reports and presentations made by the students who took the course the previous years (Fig. 2). Fig. 1: main interface of the Computerised Educational Program developed at the Chair of Heat and Power Technology, KTH. http://www.egi.kth.se/compedu/ Fig. 2: Presentation of the Project of Year 1999/2000 inside the Computerised Educational Program. http://www.egi.kth.se/compedu/ Educational Objective The objective is that the students in an independent and engineering way shall apply the acquired knowledge in the heat and power curriculum (and earlier courses) towards solving a real engineering problem of doing the basic design of a power plant, while working in a project-team. The students should learn how to, in an independent way as well as part of a team, find important and necessary information in textbooks, and other material outside of the known textbooks. Course Organisation The students are the persons performing the project. They select themselves the task-leaders for the various tasks that have to be performed. The task leaders are responsible for delivering certain results at specific dead lines, where a Design Review Team (=DRT) will evaluate the results and inform the project participants, with the expertise the DRT members have, about which direction seems to be the most appropriate. A co-ordinator will be appointed who is a link between the students, the teachers, the Design Review Team and the Company. The co-ordinator will have to handle different kinds of problems that will occur during the Project. The technical knowledge the project team will have to acquire in order to solve the various sub-tasks in the project will be presented as lectures at the appropriate time during the whole year. The students will also be able to use the CD-ROM developed at the Chair, which teaches Heat and Power Technology thanks to interactive simulations and multimedia theoretical parts. An extremely good communication link between the students, teachers and the DRT members should be established. This must be computerised in order to save time and so that all participants will have immediate access to all the necessary information. With this aim in view, an on-line discussion group will be set up and all the reports from the previous projects will be available on the CD-ROM developed at the Chair. This is not just another calculation from a textbook. It is a real power plant, which the students have to study. As such there is of course not only one possible solution to the project. The students will thus during the year have to take a lot of 'engineering' decisions which certainly will influence the design of the whole plant. For these, the students will have to come with clear suggestions/recommendations before the Design Review Meetings, so that a detailed discussion can take place and a decision can be taken. The final presentation of the whole project will take place towards the end of the academic year. The project team will afterwards go to the foreseen location and meet a larger group of engineers. During this study trip several other power plants/components manufacturers will be visited.


In this article, three researchers from a large cross-disciplinary team reflect on their individual experiences of a pilot study in the field of eye tracking and the moving image. The study - now concluded - employed a montage sequence from the Pixar film Up (2009) to determine the impact of narrative cues on gaze behaviour. In the study, the researchers' interest in narrative was underpinned by a broader concern with the interaction of top-down (cognitive) and bottom-up (salient) factors in directing viewers' eye movements. This article provides three distinct but interconnected reflections on what the aims, process and results of the pilot study demonstrate about how eye tracking the moving image can expand methods and knowledge across the three disciplines of screenwriting, screen theory and eye tracking. It is in this way both an article about eye tracking, animation and narrative, and also a broader consideration of cross-disciplinary research methodologies.


Oral melatonin is a potential alternative treatment for hypertension and nocturnal hypertension. However, high‐quality and relevant meta‐analyses are lacking. This meta‐analysis aimed to investigate whether oral melatonin supplementation reduces daytime/asleep blood pressure and cardiovascular risk, improves sleep quality, and is well‐tolerated compared with placebo. Relevant articles were searched in multiple databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL Complete, and the Cochrane Library, from their inception to June 2021. The included studies were randomized controlled trials recruiting patients with hypertension, using oral melatonin as the sole intervention, and investigating its effect on blood pressure. The mean out‐of‐office (including 24‐h, daytime, and asleep) systolic and diastolic blood pressures, sleep quality, and side effects were compared between the melatonin and placebo arms using pairwise random‐effect meta‐analyses. A risk of bias assessment was performed using the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool. Four studies were included in the analysis and only one study was considered to have a low risk of bias. No study reported on cardiovascular risk or outcomes. Only controlled‐release melatonin (not an immediate‐release preparation) reduced asleep systolic blood pressure by 3.57 mm Hg (95% confidence interval: –7.88 to .73; I2 = 0%). It also reduced asleep and awake diastolic blood pressure, but these differences were not statistically significant. Melatonin improves sleep efficacy and total sleep time and is safe and well‐tolerated. Due to the limited number of high‐quality trials, the quality of evidence was low to very low. Therefore, adequately powered randomized controlled trials on melatonin are warranted.


The natural biocidal activity of lemon juice was studied in order to explore its possible use as a disinfectant and inhibitor of Vibrio cholerae in drinking water for areas lacking water treatment plants. From January through July 1993, water samples of varying alkalinity and hardness were prepared artificially, and underground and surface water samples were obtained from a number of different rural and urban areas in Argentina's Buenos Aires Province. After measuring the latter samples' hardness and alkalinity, a range of concentrations of lemon juice and other acidifiers were added to each sample, and the resulting pH as well as the samples' ability to destroy V. cholerae were determined. The results show that lemon juice can actively prevent survival of V. cholerae but that such activity is reduced in markedly alkaline water. For example, treatment of underground drinking water, which is characterized as having the greatest degree of alkalinity in our area, will typically destroy V. cholerae if the alkalinity of the water is the equivalent of that produced by 200 mg CaCO3 per liter, if enough lemon juice is added to bring the lemon juice concentration to 2%, and if the lemon juice is allowed to act for 30 minutes. All this points up the need to determine the alkalinity of water from any local source to be treated in the process of assessing the minimum concentration of lemon juice required.


We propose a simple method of explicit description of families of closed geodesics on a triaxial ellipsoid Q that are cut out by algebraic surfaces in R. Such geodesics are either connected components of spatial elliptic curves or rational curves. Our approach is based on elements of the Weierstrass–Poncaré reduction theory for hyperelliptic tangential covers of elliptic curves and the addition law for elliptic functions. For the case of 3-fold and 4-fold coverings, explicit formulas for the cutting algebraic surfaces are provided and some properties of the corresponding geodesics are discussed.


Vascular headaches may occur in up to 20% of the population aged 17-40. One subgroup, exertional headaches, has many specific and nonspecific clinical presentations. Knowing the background events preceding the headache and the exact circumstances of the headache can help make a specific diagnosis. Three cases are presented to illustrate the diversity of triggers and their effect on aeromedical decision-making. The headaches are presented within the recently revised nomenclature for head and facial pain by the Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society.


Whereas most research on substance (ab)use by adolescents studies only the effects of personal networks of adolescents, we propose a theoretical approach that allows for predictions on the effects of the macro-level social network structure on usage rates. We model alcohol use as risk-dominant but inefficient behaviour in a coordination problem, given that adolescents face incentives to align their behaviour with their friends. We propose a game-theoretical model in which actors choose behaviour in a repeated coordination game in an endogenous network. Predictions on levels of alcohol use depending on initial network structure are based on computer simulations of this model. We test the predictions using longitudinal data on alcohol use and friendship choices in school classes in Dutch high schools. We replicate the predicted 'catalysing' effect of initial network density on the development of alcohol use but the predicted opposing effect of centralization could not be confirmed.


The kinetics of cell proliferation were studied in a patient with lymphosarcoma in a leukemic phase both before treatment when the disease was very advanced and again at the earliest sign of bone marrow relapse following a drug‐induced remission. During advanced disease, the pulse 3H‐TdR labeling index (LI) was 11%, the mitotic index (MI) was 0.4%, the growth fraction (GF) was 0.6, and the generation time (TG), as measured by the median grain count halving time, was estimated to be 160 hours. The patient went into remission for 25 days after a short course of therapy with prednisolone and arabinosylcytosine (Ara‐C). During early relapsing disease, the LI was 17%; MI, 1.1%; GF, 1.0; and TG, 85 hours. The results of this study suggest that the rate of cell proliferation slows in leukemia as the tumor mass increases in volume, and that the slower growth is due to an increase in cell generation time, a decrease in the growth fraction, and an increased rate of spontaneous cell loss.


The extent of biliary excretion of paracetamol and its principal metabolites was studied in 10 healthy adults. Duodenal intubation was performed approximately 12 h after an oral dose of 1 g paracetamol. Duodenal fluid was aspirated following intravenous cholecystokinin, and urine was collected for 12 h after dosing. The mean concentration of the cysteine and glucuronide conjugates in the bile was 253.7 +/- 39.0 micrograms ml-1 (s.e. mean) and 69.3 +/- 15.3 micrograms ml-1, respectively. The mean recoveries of the cysteine and glucuronide conjugates in the bile were 6.0 +/- 1.5 mg and 1.2 +/- 0.41 mg, respectively. The bile is an important route of elimination for the cysteine conjugate and accounts for 19.4 +/- 4.4% of the total excretion of the metabolite. The fate of the biliary excreted conjugates is not known, and needs further investigation.


Moving during childhood is an important life event that is often stressful and potentially disruptive. With the majority of existing studies on childhood internal mobility using a one-dimensional measure of mobility and focusing on the total population, there is still limited knowledge on differential childhood mobility patterns for children of different migrant origins. In this study, we acknowledge the multidimensional nature of mobility by covering frequency, timing, distance, and change in place type to understand internal mobility patterns for children aged 0 – 16 without and with different second-generation migrant backgrounds. Internal mobility is analysed for children born in the Netherlands between 1995 and 2003 using longitudinal full population register data. K-means cluster analysis reveals five types of mobility: nearby preschool-aged, nearby school-aged, long-distance to more densely populated areas, long-distance to less densely populated areas, and frequent movers. Results of multi-nomial logistic regressions show that having a second-generation migrant background increases the likelihood of being in any of the mobility clusters and reveals variation in types of mobility patterns for different migrant origin groups. We conclude that childhood mobility patterns are diverse and overall more often experienced by children of second-generation migrant origin potentially adding to a more vulnerable situation and inequality over the life course.


Background: healthcare volunteers act as the link between the society and the healthcare system and are a symbol of people's participation in the health maintenance and promotion. Despite the important role of health volunteers in the health system, it seems they experience several problems. The aim of this study was empowering health volunteers by determining and relining their problems through a participatory approach.Methods: This study a participatory action research was done through two continuous cycles of reflection and acting for change over 20 months, in A comprehensive health center in Southern of Fars province in Iran.25 health volunteers, two instructors, and academic researcher as facilitator participate in this study. In the first cycle, the participants discovered the challenges of health volunteers prioritized them and an action plan was designed. Immersion and implementation of the plans were done. At the end of this cycle evaluation was done with the participants' cooperation. The second cycle began with reflecting on the results of the first cycle and final evaluation was done. Results: Qualitative content analysis in the first phase led to the emergence of four major categories, including inefficiency of volunteers training, inefficiency of attraction and maintenance of volunteers, and being unknown to people and the major theme was named "unfertilized capacity". After the implementation of the operational plan, the participants learned through reflection and immersing in action. Finally, quantitative content and data analysis showed improvement of knowledge and performance, satisfaction, effectiveness of programs and improvement in volunteer's competence.Conclusions: Clarification of volunteers' roles, supporting volunteers to improve their knowledge and skills with coherent planning based on their educational needs, are appropriate management plans to attract and retain volunteers. By presenting their services to the society, they will be empowered and motivated to continue.


ii I certify that I have read this thesis and that in my opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. I certify that I have read this thesis and that in my opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. I certify that I have read this thesis and that in my opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. In this study, we use the concepts of the cover coefficient-based clustering methodology (C 3 M) for on-line new event detection and event clustering. The main idea of the study is to use the seed selection process of the C 3 M algorithm for the purpose of detecting new events. Since C 3 M works in a retrospective manner, we modify the algorithm to work in an on-line environment. Furthermore, in order to prevent producing oversized event clusters, and to give equal chance to all documents to be the seed of a new event, we employ the window size concept. Since we desire to control the number of seed documents, we introduce a threshold concept to the event clustering algorithm. We also use the threshold concept, with a little modification, in the on-line event detection. In the experiments we use TDT1 corpus, which is also used in the original topic detection and tracking study. In event clustering and event detection, we use both binary and weighted versions of TDT1 corpus. With the binary implementation, we obtain better results. When we compare our on-line event detection results to the results of UMASS approach, we obtain better performance in terms of false alarm rates. I would like to thank all my colleagues and dear friends for their help and support. vi Anneme ve Ablalarıma.


In order to achieve a high level of innovativeness, cities are in collaboration with public and private organisations that allow city halls to tap into networks of companies and clusters as well as execute projects. This article focuses on this kind of public or private firm, public open innovation (POI) intermediaries, which operate in the public sector. An exploratory multi-case study was conducted with the participation of POI intermediaries and local governments in Finland, Germany, the Netherlands and Spain. The eight cases reveal that certain public or private companies act as a bridge – POI intermediary – across the large cognitive distances between city halls and a network of organisations, while orchestrating the collaboration of actors and executing innovation projects. These findings motivate policy makers to enhance the innovativeness and competitiveness of cities, and they offer useful guidelines for city halls to improve their innovation process and remove possible obstacles.


Customer loyalty is the most valuable asset for the firm. Several researchs find that customer loyalty is positively related with profitability. The purpose of this research is to investigate the power of involvement and trust in a brand (as cognitive and conative antecedent of loyalty) to predict loyalty categories. Dick and Basu (1994) conceptualization of loyaly is used as the main reference in this research. The object of this research is facial whitening product, and the subjects are women. Data is collected in two central locations in Yogyakarta. The finding of this research indicates that involvement and trust in a brand has a contribution to predict loyalty categories, such as loyal, latent loyalty, spurious loyal, and no loyalty. The results also support that trust in a brand has more important contribution to predict loyalty categories.


Abstract Previously, we developed and applied a glasshouse screen for potato tuber yield under heat stress and identified a candidate gene (HSc70) for heat tolerance by genetic analysis of a diploid potato population. Specific allelic variants were expressed at high levels on exposure to moderately elevated temperature due to variations in gene promoter sequence. In this study, we aimed to confirm the results from the glasshouse screen in field trials conducted over several seasons and locations including those in Kenya, Malawi and the UK. We extend our understanding of the HSc70 gene and demonstrate that expression level of HSc70 correlates with tolerance to heat stress in a wide range of wild potato relatives. The physiological basis of the protective effect of HSc70 was explored and we show that genotypes carrying the highly expressed HSc70 A2 allele are protected against photooxidative damage to PSII induced by abiotic stresses. Overall, we show the potential of HSc70 alleles for breeding resilient potato genotypes for multiple environments.


Long-term space missions are requiring more and more autonomy from Unmanned Space Vehicles (USVs). USV control architectures are required to support effective adaptation to unpredictable internal and external changes. Thus, continuous assurance of efficient management of resources is essential to realize such requirements. Inspiration on the self-regulation provided by the physiology of living systems is an attractive solution to achieve continuous adaptation to the environment by changing internal conditions. Physiological functions provided by nervous system reflexes at a very low control level are the foundations for self-regulatory mechanisms such as homeostasis. USVs can get highly-viable and ultra-stable by building artificial self-regulation in order to support very long missions. This paper presents aspects on how to endow USVs with Artificial Nervous Reflexes (ANRs) to the USV control architecture by means of applying physiological principles of self-regulation for operational resilience and persistence. The above homeostatic concept is applied to a composite orbiter (i.e. a USV) for the BepiColombo mission to Mercury. The ANRs studied are required to guarantee self-regulation of response time (latency), operation temperature (thermoregulation), and power consumption (energy balance). Results from experiments carried out based on the realization (software generation) of the above physiological paradigm from software specification are also presented.


In spatial econometrics, it is customary to specify a weighting matrix, the so-called W matrix. The decision is important because the choice of W matrix determines the rest of the analysis. However, the procedure is not well defined and, usually, reflects the priors of the user. In the paper, we revise the literature looking for criteria to help with this problem. Also, a new nonparametric procedure is introduced. Our proposal is based on a measure of the information, conditional entropy, that uses information present in the data. We compare these alternatives by means of a Monte Carlo experiment.


We present the case of a 54-year-old man with a cystic formation measuring 0.6 cm in the head of the epididymis. Histologically, the lesion showed intense granular eosinophilic transformation of the cytoplasm. The finding was assessed as eosinophilic metaplasia (EM) and showed association with and deposition of lipofuscin pigment. The EM in the epididymis presents a sign of intracytoplasmic lysosomal accumulation, which serves as a microscopic indicator of ductal obstruction. The presented unique finding was compared with the data reported in the literature. In this case report, we describe an extremely rare metaplastic lesion in the epididymis.


Over the past 20 years, endoscopic ultrasound–guided radiofrequency ablation (EUS-RFA) has generated interest as a novel minimally invasive tool in the multimodal treatment of pancreatic malignant and premalignant lesions. However, although optimization of probes and settings has made EUS-RFA relatively safe, questions on the ideal positioning of this treatment in a multimodal strategy remain unanswered. This review will summarize the technical aspects of EUS-RFA and available clinical experiences for each pancreatic indication (pancreatic cancer, neuroendocrine neoplasms, cystic lesions, and celiac ganglia neurolysis). Established indications will be discussed along those requiring additional clinical data or even proof-of-concept studies. A dedicated session will further discuss evidence expected to emerge from ongoing registered trials, together with issues that must be addressed in future research, including the possible combination with immunotherapy, and the personalization of this treatment on the basis of genetic profiling. Despite the great clinical enthusiasm and scientific fervor, while evidence-based answers are produced, EUS-RFA must be centralized in high-volume centers of recognized expertise, where multidisciplinary discussions of indications and actively recruiting research protocols are available.


The article substantiates the role of the digital transformation of higher education in Ukraine in the era of the fourth industrial revolution. There was proven the need to develop the strategy of the university education digital transformation, as well as the formation of new information and communication competencies. According to the authors, the strategy of digital transformation of the university education system has to include the modernization of corporate IT architecture management, which should be implemented as a cloud-based platform. The authors analysed the main possible directions of the educational services transformation and the accompanying business processes. The use of blockchain technology for the educational content management module construction is proposed. The integration of the educational content management modules of different Ukrainian universities should become the basis for creating a global cloud-based platform for higher education.


We propose an efficient communication protocol for multimedia data delivery in high-speed multichannel networks. Multimedia traffic is generally categorized into two types: real-time traffic and delayable traffic. High-speed multichannel networks refer to the third-generation computer networks, e.g., WDMA networks, with high-speed parallel multichannels to be able to support multiaccess communications. A scheduling algorithm is also proposed to maximize the slot utilization. We compare the blocking performance of real-time traffic as well as the delay-throughput performance of delayable traffic for different traffic conditions. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol has the following advantages: small and bounded packet delay for real-time data delivery; and the slot utilization for delayable traffic is maximized without violating real-time data delivery, and therefore the mean packet delay for delayable packets is minimized for uniform traffic.<<ETX>>


We consider the non-stationary incompressible Euler equations in a 2D porous medium. We suppose a periodic porous medium, with the period proportional to the characteristic pore size e and with connected fluid part. The flow is subject to an external force, corresponding to an inflow. We start from an initial irrotational velocity and prove that the effective filtration velocity satisfies a transient filtration law. It has similarities with Darcy's law, but it now connects the time derivative of the filtration velocity with the pressure gradient. The viscosity does not appear in the filtration law any more and the permeability tensor is determined through auxiliary problems of decomposition type. Using the limit problem, we construct the correction for the fluid velocity and prove that C1([0, T ]; L2(Ω)2)-norm of the error is of order e. Similarly, we estimate the difference between the fluid pressure and its correction in C([0, T ]; L1(Ω)) as Ce.


The influence of electromagnetic waves of metrical and centimetrical range on the transaminoferases activity was studied in the liver and small intestine of 69 rats. The experiment shows that the activity of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases is dependent on the power and duration of the action. It is established that the action of both the short-wave 160 mA diathermy and 30 MW/cm2 microwaves for 20 min is accompanied by inhibition of the liver and small intestine aminotransferases activity. The 20 min action of 12 MW/cm2 microwaves induces an increase in the aminotransferases activity of the liver, small intestine and serum.


This symposium highlighted ways CALL might serve a critical role in fostering diversity and inclusion across languages and cultures, with papers focusing on four different but interrelated themes. The first paper considers how factors such as financial status, employment, family responsibilities and nationality can prevent language educators from attending conferences, and outlines ways CALL can enable wider participation. The second shows how digital literacies, including intercultural, ethical and critical literacy, can help language teachers and learners to build bridges between cultures. The third argues that rather than connecting people, the Internet and social media seem to be isolating them in bubbles with like-minded others, proposing virtual exchange (telecollaboration) as a way educators can use the Internet to help students connect with, learn from and collaborate with peers with very different life experiences. The fourth advocates systematic teacher and student preparation for technology-enabled, people-to-people education programs in language studies and across the curriculum maintaining that such programs provide an ideal context for promoting a critical and sustainable approach to developing digital literacies and citizenship. Between them, the four papers raise many key questions about CALL, diversity and inclusion, and begin to sketch out some preliminary answers.


The question when the use of force in self-defence against a non-state actor within the territory of another state is lawful, can be separated in two parts, namely the application of the self-defence framework against the non-state actor, which allows the defending state to assess whether force can be used against the non-state actor as an entity, and the 'second layer' of the principles of necessity and proportionality, which allows the defending state to assess whether force can be used within the territory of another state. The case-study of Al-Qaeda shows that the requirements of Article 51 can be applied to non-state actors, and in the case of Al-Qaeda the use of force in self-defence could be seen as lawful because the events of 9/11 qualified as an armed attack, the US reported the use of force to the Security Council, and the measures the Security Council had undertaken against international terrorism did not curtail the right to self-defence. This paper examines the cases of Afghanistan and Pakistan in order to extrapolate guidelines concerning the 'second layer' of the principles of necessity and proportionality, in particular the 'unable or unwilling' principle. It follows that this principle can be applied through a 5-step test, which include an assessment of the territorial state's obligations under international law, the duty to request the territorial state to take measures to prevent the terrorist activities in its territory, to give the territorial state time to comply with these demands, and if the territorial state continues to fail, the defending state should assess the territorial state's control and capacity in the region from which the threat is emanating as well as the relations between (elements of) the territorial state's government and/or military and the non-state actor.


The reliability-based design method was recently introduced to the technical standard for port and harbor facilities. The standard method is partial factors method, however, other methods that evaluate the reliability index directly can also be applied. Taking the design of pile supported wharves as an example, performance function is implicit and the application of the methods that evaluate the reliability index directly is difficult to the practical design. This study aims at clarifying the applicability of response surface method for pile supported wharves. As the performance function can be evaluated explicitly by the method, the calculation of reliability indices is comparatively easy. The applicability of first-order second-moment method is also discussed.


The teaching and learning process in the classroom has not been able to arouse students 'learning motivation so that the learning motivation of students is not maximal, students' learning motivation is not maximized, seen from the learning process there are still students who have not been able to focus their attention and concentration on learning, so that only a few participants students who are active in learning. In addition, there are still many students who are not confident, do not dare to ask questions and when doing group presentations not all students dare to speak, only rely on other friends. The research approach used is quantitative with the type of quasi-experimental research, the research design used is Pretest-Posttest Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. The study population was all students of class 10th Senior High School 1 Peusangan and Senior High School 2 Peusangan, amounting to 252 people. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, the sample in this study consisted of 140 students. Instruments to measure motivation using a questionnaire in the form of pretest and posttest questions. Data analysis consisted of normality test, homogeneity test, N-gain test, paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test, at a significant level of 0.05. The results showed that there were differences in the learning motivation of students in the experimental class and the control class on environmental pollution material in class 10th Negeri Bireuen district.


To the renmain-ing emulsion in the wide-mouth tube 5 c.en. of the patient's blood is added and incubated immediately. On the following day subcultures are made uponl blo3d agar plates,and the further incubation and examinaltion of the resulting cultures, if any, are carried out. There appear s to us to he little doubt that suLeli technique as referred to above is preferable to that laid down by Ramsay and Pearce, since it not infrequenitly happens that by the " pathogen-selective method " the growth of a presuimiably pathogenic organism is enhanced, or appears when it is not obtained by the ordinary control method of culture. Again, employmet of the direct method of cultivation giv-es a fair idea of the number of olrganisms inoculated with the whole blood, and is therefore an ind-ex of overplanting-or not, which may quite easily be done. Furthermore, the simple method of tonsil cr'ypt culture, as described above, has, in a grouip of 100 rheumatic cases examined by us recently, shown very similar findings to those of Ramsay and Pearce, in that 20 per cent. were negative pathogen-selective cultures, and 80 per cent. positive by the same met1iod. Tlhis, therefore, suggests that there is no evidence of better cultural results obtained fiom the tonsil puncture nmethod, interesting though it is, than from those obtained by using the simple crypt culture technique. We have little doubt that this pathogen-selective nmethod, originated by Solis-Cohein, is a definite advance in an attempt to obtain the p)athogenic organism or organiisms from suspectecd foci. Theoretically, the method " holds water,!" and maniy points could be put forward as to its feasibility, but the time is inopportune. The application of such a method, althouglh enicouraging, needs a great deal more study before final conclusions are stated, and since many hundrleds of cases falling into definite clinical groups hav-e been examined by such anmnethod by us, *We welcome this publication. Let us not, lhowev-er, againi fall into disrepute oni the value of tonsil cuiltures, as we did over the wholesale extraction of teetlh, butt ratlher view the tonsil as one potential area for organisms or their toxins to be absorbed, and at the same tinme test oult ftully by similar nmethods all other potential foci of iinfection. We fully agree that the pathogeni-selective metlhod is of great importance to our colleaguies, for it frequenitly shows wherie the focus of inifectioni lies, anid therefore calls for conservative or radical treatment. There is little douibt that the time Iias colmie for a closer co-operation between the clinical pathologist anid his colleaguies; anid so longa as we remember there is truth ill botlh methods of attack, then marked curative therapeutic advance will be made. We hope that many more pathologists will be stimuiiilated to apply this fascinating method of pathogen-selectioni, buLt a furtlher warning note slhouldl be observed-namely, do not stray too far fromii the originial application of the method -for wlhat appears at the presentt time to be a valuable and simple technique may, ais the result of modifications, become v-alueless.-We are, etc., E. CRONIN LOwE.


One of the main features of a Two-Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM) is the presence of two additional neutral Higgs states, besides the one mimicking the $\sim125$\,GeV state observed at the LHC. The three Higgs bosons of a 2HDM can be produced at the LHC either singly via
 gluon fusion or in pairs with each other. When analyzing their pair production, the emphasis is laid on gluon-initiated processes, and the electroweak (EW) production is generally not treated on the same footing, assuming its contribution to be highly subleading. We show here that when the sum of the masses of the lightest scalar and pseudoscalar Higgs bosons in the Type-I 2HDM is smaller than the $Z$-boson mass, their EW pair production can dominate over QCD pair production by orders of magnitude.


A neural network strategy for the detection of high-impedance faults on electric power distribution feeders is described. This approach consists of collecting samples of substation current during normal and abnormal feeder operation and using these samples to teach a neural network the rules for fault detection. The learning capability utilized in a neural network approach makes it possible to adapt partially trained fault detectors to individual feeders. The data preprocessing required to set up the training cases and the implementation of the neural network itself are described in detail. the potential of the neural network approach is demonstrated by applying the detection scheme to high-impedance faults simulated on a model distribution system. >


ABSTRACT Introduction/Purpose: Osteoporosis is a bone disease that a combination of exercise, hormone replacement therapy (HT), and calcium intake may help prevent by preserving or increasing bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. The Bone, Estrogen, Strength Training (BEST) Study clinical trial was designed to determine the effects of exercise training on BMD in postmenopausal women either with or without HT. Methods: The BEST Study was unique because it included progressive resistance and weight-bearing exercises, addressed HT use, supplemented and documented calcium intake, provided robust intervention support, and extended the intervention protocol for multiple years. Results: The study findings demonstrated that postmenopausal women who had adequate calcium intake and followed the BEST exercise program maintained or increased their BMD. This article describes key lessons learned from the longitudinal BEST Study for translating the findings to the research community to improve future intervention research studies and to health professionals to inform osteoporosis prevention and bone health education. The BEST Study produced five lessons that can inform and improve osteoporosis prevention research and educational practice: 1) long-term bone health effects are important to study and require proactive strategies to obtain longitudinal funding support, 2) long-term retention of participants and compliance with study protocols require a participant focused study design and protocols, 3) extensive documentation of intervention protocols and sophisticated analytical strategies are essential to determine study intervention effects, 4) heterogeneity in responses to research study interventions should be expected and explored, and 5) osteoporosis prevention can be facilitated by translating the positive results from the BEST Study into practical educational tools. Conclusion: The BEST Study results can be translated into effective exercise and dietary practices to help prevent osteoporosis. Future research studies that use participant motivation and support protocols and meticulous documentation will further advance research in the prevention of osteoporosis.


Vertical federated learning (VFL) is a promising category of federated learning for the scenario where data is vertically partitioned and distributed among parties. VFL enriches the description of samples using features from different parties to improve model capacity. Compared with horizontal federated learning, in most cases, VFL is applied in the commercial cooperation scenario of companies. Therefore, VFL contains tremendous business values. In the past few years, VFL has attracted more and more attention in both academia and industry. In this paper, we systematically investigate the current work of VFL from a layered perspective. From the hardware layer to the vertical federated system layer, researchers contribute to various aspects of VFL. Moreover, the application of VFL has covered a wide range of areas, e.g., finance, healthcare, etc. At each layer, we categorize the existing work and explore the challenges for the convenience of further research and development of VFL. Especially, we design a novel MOSP tree taxonomy to analyze the core component of VFL, i.e., secure vertical federated machine learning algorithm. Our taxonomy considers four dimensions, i.e., machine learning model (M), protection object (O), security model (S), and privacy-preserving protocol (P), and provides a comprehensive investigation.


In Turkey, family and society are subjected to the process of social transformation in every area in which they are constructed. When the family structure in Turkey is examined, the traditional large families, nuclear families, small and single-parent families can be observed. When the family structure changes to the nuclear family, responsibilities in the family have started to change as well. In particular, as the role of and the need toward mothers increased in working life, although they used to be the only one interested in the child in the past, now fathers have begun to concern themselves with their children and education better. Therefore, this study analyzed the father-child relationship in the daily life narratives of working women academicians. In this regard, 15 women, who were working in Yozgat, were interviewed indepth. The sociological perspective evaluates father/fatherhood in related with masculinity rather than being biologically male. The fatherhood is influenced by the social structure and forms the structure of the society with the meanings attributed to fatherhood. In this sense, this study examined the paternity perception of the spouses of the interviewed women from the perspective of women within the context of "involved fatherhood" literature. In this sense, the study showed that the perception of the father-child relationship by women academicians is structured within the framework of traditional gender roles attributed to men and women in Turkish society. It was seen in the narratives of women with higher education, such as academic education, had very limited effects on their husbands' perception of fatherhood in their family lives and that fathers were affected by both the conservative structure of their own families and the perception of masculinity in the society.


Oxaliplatin is a common chemotherapy drug, used mainly for colon and gastric cancer. Most common side effects are peripheral sensory neuropathy, hematological toxicity, and allergic reactions. A less common side effect is pulmonary toxicity, characterized mainly by interstitial pneumonitis. The incidence of this side effect is unknown, but the toxicity can be fatal. Twenty-six cases of pulmonary toxicity have been described in the literature, seven in the setting of adjuvant treatment. We describe two fatal cases of pulmonary injury related to oxaliplatin and a review of the literature.


The European Long-Life Pavement Group (ELLPAG) was formed in 2000 as a working group by the Forum of European National Highway Research Laboratories (FEHRL) members, under the auspices of the Conference of European Directors, to report the current state of knowledge on long-life pavements in Europe, in particular on the practical issues of how to design, build and maintain pavements to give long structural lives.This paper highlights the important findings of the third phase of the project which reviews the current state-of-the-art of long-life rigid pavements. The review includes designs and construction practices of jointed and continuously reinforced concrete pavements, techniques for assessment and upgrading, maintenance and rehabilitation, and economic assessment. Whole life cost analysis of long-life pavements has been shown by ELLPAG to be a useful tool for evaluating their applications. The paper discusses why such analysis tool has not been fully developed for rigid pavements. (Author)


to differentiate between historic and current applications as well as the use of statistical tools to determine variation within datasets. This book brings together issues on pesticides and biopesticides use with the related subjects of pesticides management and sustainable development. It contains 24 chapters organized in three sections. The first book section supplies an overview on the current use of pesticides, on the regulatory status, on the levels of contamination, on the pesticides management options, and on some techniques of pesticides application, reporting data collected from all over the world. Second section is devoted to the advances in the evolving field of biopesticides, providing actual information on the regulation of the plant protection products from natural origin in the European Union. It reports data associated with the application of neem pesticides, wood pyrolysis liquids and bacillus-based products. The third book section covers various aspects of pesticides management practices in concert with pesticides degradation and contaminated sites remediation technologies, supporting the environmental sustainability.


Simple, rapid and economical Spectrophotometric methods, requiring no prior separation, have been developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of amoxycillin and probenecid. These methods utilize spectrum mode of analysis of the recording spectrophotometer (Shimadzu 160 A). Absorption maxima of probenecid was found at 244 nm and that of amoxycillin at 247 nm. Both drugs show linearity in absorbance in the range of 0-50 I¼g/ml. Using derivative spectroscopy, estimation of probenecid was carried out in first order with N=6 at 272.2 nm and amoxycillin in third order with N=8 at 282 nm. For two wavelength method, absorbance difference was employed at 252.8 nm and 240.6 nm for probenecid and at 250.2 nm and 237.8 nm for amoxycillin. For both the methods the standard deviation values obtained on repeated analysis were below 1.2 and recovery of added standard drug was between 97-100.5%.


Sustainable development throughout the world depends on several factors such as the economy, quality education, agriculture, industry, among others, but the environment is one of the most important. Industrialization and new land use plans have caused the proliferation of pollutants in water resources, which poses a serious public challenge. As outlined in the sustainable development goals (SDGs), innovative water quality monitoring methods are needed to ensure access to water, sustainable management and sanitation. In this sense, technologies are sought that contribute to the development and implementation of groundwater and surface water quality monitoring systems in real time, so that their parameters can be evaluated through descriptive analysis, in rural populations and areas of difficult access. Nowadays, the internet of things (IoT) and the development of modern sensors are more used, so this research reviews the latest technologies to monitor and evaluate water quality using the potential and possibilities of the IoT. The main contribution of this article is to present an overview of the state of the art of IoT applications and instrumentation for water quality monitoring, focusing on the latest innovations, in order to identify interesting and challenging areas that can be explored in future research.


Career decisions are complex ones. Whether clients plan their career in a systematic way, carefully considering their options and making an informed choice or build their careers their own way – seizing opportunities, taking chances and profiting from 'chance' and serendipity, career guidance professionals need a least a cursory knowledge of career development theory to adequately understand these decisions. As practitioners, we do not work with homogenised groups, we work with individuals – with varying levels of internal and external constraints on career choice. Career decisions are not always made in a considered and informed way. Evidence from Brimrose (2006) suggest that only 25% of the population use a strategic or rational approach to career decision making. In fact, Gladwell (2005) suggests intuitive decision making may be more effective. As Mitchell (2003) attests 'careers are seldom planned but are often developed by being aware of and acting on the landmarks that appear on the way' (Mitchell, 2003, p.4). This dichotomy has led to certain amount of ambivalence to career theory from practitioners. Kidd, et al, (1994) found that practitioners were "virtually unanimous in their dismissal of the value of theories of guidance...it was frequently described as 'airy-fairy' or 'wooly'..." (Kidd, et al, 1994, p.391). Closs (2001) argues that practitioners should focus on meeting the needs of clients and not concern themselves with theory. While development theory can attempt to explain the past experiences, quantifying chance and clients ability to profit from it, is more difficult. However, an understanding of career development theory can help us adapt our professional practice to individual need.


Objectives: The aims of this study are to assess in a sample of older adults consulting in primary care practices the determinants and quality of life associated with post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSS). Method: Data used came from a large sample of 1765 community-dwelling older adults who were waiting to receive health services in primary care clinics in the province of Quebec. PTSS was measured with the PTSS scale. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were used as potential determinants of PTSS. Quality of life was measured with the EuroQol-5D-3L (EQ-5D-3L) EQ-Visual Analog Scale and the Satisfaction With Your Life Scale. Multivariate logistic and linear regression models were used to study the presence of PTSS and different measures of health-related quality of life and quality of life as a function of study variables. Results: The six-month prevalence of PTSS was 11.0%. PTSS was associated with age, marital status, number of chronic disorders and the presence of an anxiety disorder. PTSS was also associated with the EQ-5D-3L and the Satisfaction with Your Life Scale. Conclusion: PTSS is prevalent in patients consulting in primary care practices. Primary care physicians should be aware that PTSS is also associated with a decrease in quality of life, which can further negatively impact health status.


T his research aimed to know the impulsive buying tendency of early adult in Yogyakarta. Impulsive buying was a buying activity without cosideration, and accompanied by strong emotional response. High impulsive buying tendency occured between age 18 to 39 years old. This research was a quantitative descriptive research with 395 subjects. Generally, the impulsive buying tendency in this research was low. Based on comparation between man and woman, it was found that woman was more impulsive than man. The result also showed that married person was more impulsive than unmarried person. Based on the types of job, there was several different among those types. But there was no different of impulsive buying tendency based on the education background level. Keywords: impulsive buying, early adult


Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a technique for breathing support that significantly improves gas exchange and vital signs, reducing intubation and mortality rates. Helmets, unlike facemasks, allow for longer-term treatment and better ventilation, also being more cost-effective. As of today, we have found no reviews addressing this topic. This review aims to identify, map, and describe the characteristics of the use of noninvasive ventilation through helmet interface in critically ill COVID-19 adult patients hospitalized in acute care settings throughout the multiple moments that defined the COVID-19 pandemic. This scoping review will follow the methodology for scoping reviews proposed by JBI. A set of relevant electronic databases will be searched using terms such as COVID-19, helmet, and noninvasive ventilation. Two reviewers will independently perform the study selection regarding their eligibility. Data extraction will be accomplished using a researcher's developed tool considering the review questions. Findings will be presented in tables and a narrative description that aligns with the review's objective. This scoping review will consider any quantitative, qualitative, mixed-methods studies and systematic review designs for inclusion, focusing on the use of helmet on critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in acute care settings.


In this contribution, different varieties of German (Swiss German dialects, Standard High German) are compared with regard to their conceptual and syntactic elaboration of spatial descriptions. The case study examines a particular scene from the informant's picture-book based narratives, a scene wich refers to a dog climbing onto a window sill and then falling out of the window. The analysis shows considerable variability with respect to the linguistic means used to describe the scene, and the author argues that there are corresponding differences in the cognitive construal of the spatial event. The data show consistently that the Swiss German dialects tend to be more detailed in their elaboration of the path of the moving figure (e.g., the dog can be construed as falling "into" the window "out"), whereas speakers of Standard High German tend to use a generic, semantically and syntactically simpler construction. The analysis of this particular scene is demonstrated to coincide with a generally observable tendency of Swiss German dialects: Within motion verb predicates, the constituents encoding spatial arguments tend to be both syntactically and semantically enriched.


This article discusses the growing body of evidence on the importance of health for looked after children and young people and evaluates a project, Hearty Lives (Liverpool), designed to produce positive results. Unhealthy weight and lifestyles are significant issues for young people in care, whether living at home with parents under the supervision of social services, with foster carers or in residential homes, as there is a close relationship between food, nutrition and family connectedness. Following the principles of Appreciative Inquiry, the evaluation uses a case study approach to explore the learning and experiences of those involved in the intervention. The learning gained provides useful insights for practitioners and organisations who are interested in developing similar projects elsewhere.


Immunotherapy revolutionized cancer treatment in the past decade, with a significant increased survival in patients with solid tumors. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been associated with a growing number of neurotoxicities, some of which can be fatal if not recognized and treated promptly. Some of these neurotoxicities include very uncommon syndromes like Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy (AMAN). Herein we present four oncological cases of patients who underwent immunotherapy and developed AMAN.

 Four patients were diagnosed with immune-related AMAN between 2017 and 2000 at H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center. Patients were treated with standard of care.

 We describe four oncological patients who developed a motor axonal neuropathy (i.e., AMAN) confirmed on nerve conduction studies following 2 cycles of immunotherapy, including a 28 year old woman with melanoma brain metastasis and a 50 year old woman with renal cell carcinoma both treated with ipilimumab and nivolumab, a 32 year old man with Hodgkin lymphoma who was treated with nivolumab and brentuximab, and a 77 year old woman with renal urothelial cancer who was treated with pembrolizumab and cabozantinib. All four patients were promptly recognized as having immune-related neurotoxicity (irNs), were promptly treated (i.e., high dose steroids +/- IVIG +/- other immunomodulators), and significantly improved and have remained stable.

 This is the first case series of patients with AMAN following two cycles of immunotherapy, who were successfully treated. It is crucial to develop a better understanding of irNs, including those rare conditions that are difficult to diagnose and treat, as the utilization of these immunomodulating therapies continues to expand to include other solid malignancies. Neurologists should be involved early on in any case of suspected irN to assist in the management of these complicated patients and a swift work up should be initiated for timely diagnosis and treatment.


The human growth hormone (hGH) cluster contains five genes. The hGH-N gene is predominantly expressed in pituitary somatotropes, whereas the remaining four genes, the chorionic somatomammotropin genes (hCS-L, hCS-A, and hCS-B) and hGH-V, are expressed selectively in the placenta. In contrast, the mouse genome contains a single pituitary-specific GH gene and lacks any GH-related CS genes. Activation of the hGH transgene in the mouse is dependent on its linkage to a previously described locus control region (LCR) located −15 to −32 kilobases upstream of the hGH cluster. The sporadic, nonreproducible expression of hCS transgenes lacking the LCR suggests that they may be dependent on hGH LCR activity as well. To determine whether the hCS genes could be expressed with appropriate placental specificity, a series of five transgenic mouse lines carrying an 87-kilobase human genomic insert encompassing the majority of the hGH gene cluster and the entire contiguous LCR was established. All of the hGH cluster genes were appropriately expressed in each of these lines. High level expression of hGH was restricted to the pituitary and hCS to the labyrinthine layer of the placenta. The expression of the GH cluster genes in their respective tissues paralleled transgene copy numbers irrespective of the transgene insertion site in the host mouse genome. These studies have extended the utility of the transgenic mouse model for the analysis of the full spectrum of hGH gene cluster activation. Further, they support a role for the hGH LCR in placental hCS, as well as pituitary hGH gene activation, and expression.


The two main mechanisms of this new method — polymerisation in non-crystalline, amorphous zones and topochemical polymerisation — are closely connected with the morphology of the products. Especially detailed attention is paid to examples of topochemical polymerisation, by means of which it is possible in several cases to obtain single crystals of polymers. A list of 94 references is included.


(3200) Phaethon is a compelling object as it has an asteroidal appearance and spectrum, produces a weak dust tail during perihelion at just 0.14 au, and is the parent body of the Geminid Meteor Shower. A better understanding of the physical properties of Phaethon is needed to understand the nature of its current and previous activity, relationship to potential source populations, and to plan for the upcoming flyby of the DESTINY+ spacecraft of Phaethon in the 2020s. We performed rotationally resolved spectroscopy of Phaethon at visible and near-infrared wavelengths (0.4–2.5 μm) in 2007 and 2017, respectively, to better understand its surface properties. The visible and near-infrared observations both spanned nearly a full rotation or more and were under similar observing geometries, covering the entire surface with the exception of the north pole. The visible wavelengths show blue slopes with only minor slope variations and no absorption features. The NIR data is minimally varying and concave upwards, from very blue to blue-neutral with increasing wavelength. We fit the short-wavelength tail of Phaethon's thermal emission and retrieve an average visible albedo of pv = 0.08 ± 0.01, which is lower than previous measurements but plausible in light of the recent larger radar-measured diameter of Phaethon. We retrieve an average infrared beaming parameter of Phaethon of η = 1.70 ± 0.05, which is similar to previous results. We discuss the implications of Phaethon's visible and near-infrared spectrum as well as the lower albedo on its origin, source population, and evolutionary history.


Abstract The Brandt Line is a way of visualising the world that highlights the disparities and inequalities between the wealthy North and the poorer Global South. Forty years after its popularisation as part of a call for global reform, is the Brandt Line now a misleading way of representing world politics? This article assesses whether the Global South has lost its distinctiveness and coherence relative to the North since 1980. Existing assessments of global inequality do not settle the question of whether the North–South divide remains relevant for international relations because they overlook the most politically significant measures of inequality. Drawing on power transition theory, this article provides a systematic assessment of the North–South divide in terms of levels of economic development, relative inequality, economic power, and political satisfaction. The evidence suggests that the Brandt Line is largely intact. Although the economic diversity of the South has increased and its collective economic power has risen, relative income rankings remain unaltered and the states of the Global South are as dissatisfied as they were four decades ago. Differential growth rates are reshaping world politics without eroding the North–South divide traced by the Brandt Line.


Electronic surveillance for foreign intelligence purposes was largely unregulated prior to 1978. The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (hereinafter "FISA") was enacted to implement a judicial authorization process for foreign intelligence electronic surveillance that would effectively balance competing needs for national security and civil liberty under the Fourth Amendment. This study examines the evolution of FISA and its effectiveness under the Fourth Amendment, as assessed by federal reviewing courts and scholars since the statute's enactment. The study concludes that the FISA electronic surveillance authorization process has been effective in providing a constitutional mechanism to obtain foreign intelligence information.


This scientific research through the accumulation of facts, historical resources and their interpretation aims to give a full panorama of the whole contribution of the Italian arberesh to the Albanian case at the end of the XIX-th century until the first decade of the XX-th century. Exactly by beginning at the end of the 19th century in the south of Italy it will begin to loom an Albanian literature with an authentic national content. The well known representatives of such a literature would be important figures in the rows of the Arberesh Italian – Albanian community who had achieved to conserve a clear Albanian language and traditions. Also the Italian-Albanian periodic press like "Fiamuri Eve", "The Albanian Nation" that were created during this period would become the forums for the disclosure of their political thoughts and ideas about the fate and the future of the Albanians that lived under the rule of the Otoman Empire at the end of the 19th century. Among the initiators of such a movement at this period would be Jeronin De Rada, Dhimiter Kamarda, Zef Skiroi etc. Their activity would be displayed through their wide multi-aspect creativity which is evidenced in the literature, scientific, cultural, publicist political and patriotic aspect. Of a particular importance would be considered their ideas and projects in the funtion of creating an autonomous Albanian Vilayet. All their activities will serve a single purpose and will developed in order to support the solution of the Albanian nation political case and will find the full support not only of the Italian-Albanian society but also of the other well known figures and personalities of the Italian politics. The Italian Arberesh used all their possibilities to give an international dimension to the Albanian case as a factor of stability in the Balkan region and beyond. In order to express the obove problematic we have exploited a rich archival literature represented by the dense correspondence of De Rada with other known personalities of that time such as the Romanian princess with Albanian origin Dora D'istria (Elena Gjika), we have used the political Testament of De Rada, by viewing it in a comparative context with the studies of other Albanians and foreign authors. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n19p651


This paper reviews the U.S.-Canada softwood lumber dispute over the past two decades by outlining the key developments and critically appraising the arguments put forward by both countries. It also presents a welfare analysis of lumber trade distortions. Given the importance of lumber trade between Canada and the United States, an expeditious resolution of this long-running trade dispute would be beneficial for both countries.


The digital roots S* (x), of a n positive integer is the digit 0 ≤ b ≤ 9 obtained through an iterative digit sum process, where each iteration is obtained from the previous result so that only the b digit remains. For example, the iterated sum of 999999 is 9 because 9 + 9 + 9 + 9 + 9 + 9 = 54 and 5 + 4 = 9. The sum of the digits of a positive integer, and even the digital roots, is a recurring subject in mathematical competitions and has been addressed in several papers, for example in Ghannam (2012), Ismirli (2014) or Lin (2016). Here we extend the application Sast to a positive rational number x with finite decimal representation. We highlight the following result: given a rational number x, with finite decimal representation, and the sum of its digits is 9, so when divided x by powers of 2, the number resulting also has the sum of its digits 9. Fact that also occurs when the x number is divided by powers of 5. Similar results were found when the x digit sum is 3 or 6.


Menstruation among women is an integral part and a natural process that starts with menarche and stops at menopause. Women use sanitary pad, clothes and other methods to prevent blood stains from becoming evident. This paper examines the prevalence and discrepancies in the use of hygienic method during menstruation among unmarried women in India using nationally representative District Level Household and Facility Survey data (2007-08). The findings suggest that only one-third of the studied population used hygienic method during menstruation. Rural-urban and poor-non poor disparity persists across all background characteristics in use of hygienic method. Women with high school and above education (OR=8.8, p<0.001), from richest wealth quintile (OR=5.2, p<0.001) and women following Christian religion (OR=3.6, p<0.001) are more likely to use hygienic method as compared with women with no education, poor household and Hindu women respectively. Locally prepared low cost sanitary pads can be promoted across the country for easy accessibility and affordability. Effort should be made to produce them in bulk and supply them through female health workers such as ANM and Anganwadi worker across the country.


Maximal stress thallium scans may prove to be 'normal' in some patients with triple-vessel disease due to global reduction in flow resulting in no focal perfusion defect. The aim of this study was to attempt to identify patients with global reduction in flow by estimating total thallium delivery to the left ventricle. Myocardial thallium uptake was calculated as a percentage of injected dose as a mean of three projections in 90 patients undergoing diagnostic arteriography and in 10 normal volunteers. These volunteers and nine patients who proved to have normal coronary arteries established a normal range. Values for myocardial thallium uptake were: 1.166 +/- 0.352% in normals (n = 19); 0.671 +/- 0.184% in patients with single- or double-vessel disease (n = 26); 0.708 +/- 0.245% in patients with triple-vessel disease (n = 55). Thallium scans were normal in 11 of 55 patients with triple-vessel disease and eight of 26 with single- or double-vessel disease. However, eight of these 11 and 5 of the eight proved to have abnormal myocardial thallium uptake. Thus combining the tests improved sensitivity from 76.5% for the scan alone to 94.5% for the scan and myocardial thallium uptake, with no reduction in specificity. Measurement of myocardial thallium uptake is a readily and reliably quantified parameter from a thallium scan which leads to enhanced detection of coronary artery disease.


Assembly101 is a new procedural activity dataset fea-turing 4321 videos of people assembling and disassembling 101 "take-apart" toy vehicles. Participants work without fixed instructions, and the sequences feature rich and natu-ral variations in action ordering, mistakes, and corrections. Assembly101 is the first multi-view action dataset, with si-multaneous static (8) and egocentric (4) recordings. Se-quences are annotated with more than 100K coarse and 1M fine-grained action segments, and I8M 3D hand poses. We benchmark on three action understanding tasks: recognition, anticipation and temporal segmentation. Ad-ditionally, we propose a novel task of detecting mistakes. The unique recording format and rich set of annotations al-low us to investigate generalization to new toys, cross-view transfer, long-tailed distributions, and pose vs. appearance. We envision that Assemblyl0l will serve as a new challenge to investigate various activity understanding problems.


We extend the result in (13) to those for the quantization of generalized Kac-Moody algebras introduced in (10). The existence of the universal Λ-matrix is proved, and a structure theorem for the center is given.


Recently, with the increasing number of large-scale remote sensing images, the demand for large-scale remote sensing image object classification is growing and attracting the interest of many researchers. Hashing, because of its low memory requirements and high time efficiency, has widely solve the problem of large-scale remote sensing image. Supervised hashing methods mainly leverage the label information of remote sensing image to learn hash function, however, the similarity of the original feature space cannot be well preserved, which can not meet the accurate requirements for object classification of remote sensing image. To solve the mentioned problem, we propose a novel method named Optimized Projection Supervised Discrete Hashing(OPSDH), which jointly learns a discrete binary codes generation and optimized projection constraint model. It uses an effective optimized projection method to further constraint the supervised hash learning and generated hash codes preserve the similarity based on the data label while retaining the similarity of the original feature space. The experimental results show that OPSDH reaches improved performance compared with the existing hash learning methods and demonstrate that the proposed method is more efficient for operational applications.


Radiotherapy is commonly used in the treatment of brain tumors but can cause significant damage to surrounding normal brain. The radioprotective effects of valproic acid (VPA) on normal tissue in the rat brain were evaluated following irradiation. Male Wistar rats were used in the present study and 48 rats were randomly divided into four groups consisting of 12 rats each. The whole-brain irradiation (WBI) was delivered by X-ray and the rats received the following treatment once a day for 5 days. The control group (sham-exposed group) received sham irradiation plus physiological saline. The VPA group received sham irradiation plus 150 mg VPA/kg. The X-ray group received WBI plus physiological saline. The combined group received WBI plus 150 mg/kg intraperitoneally VPA. A total of 6 months post-irradiation, the rats were sacrificed and the brains were harvested. Cell apoptosis in the cortex was determined by immunohistochemistry 24 h post-irradiation using an antibody for protein caspase-3. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analyses were used to assess the effects of VPA on the radioprotection of rat normal brain cells 6 months post-irradiation. The weights of the animals in the TEM group measured over the two weeks after the first injection of VPA were also observed. Histological findings demonstrated that apoptosis occurred on the cortex 1 day after treatment, peaking in the X-ray group. The cells of the combined group showed a moderate caspase-3 staining compared to the X-ray group. There was a trend towards a lower body weight of the X-ray group following irradiation compared to either no-irradiation or rats of the combined group, although there was no significant difference in the average weight between the combined group and irradiated rats. Mild swelling of the capillary endothelial cells in the irregular lumen was observed in the combined group, whereas the X-ray group showed a severe structural disorder. In conclusion, VPA supplementation during radiotherapy may be beneficial for radioprotection following WBI by reducing normal brain cell injury.


It is widely anticipated that the use of health-related big data will enable further understanding and improvements in human health and wellbeing. Our current project, funded through the Dutch National Research Agenda, aims to explore the relationship between the development of diabetes and socio-economic factors such as lifestyle and health care utilization. The analysis involves combining data from the Maastricht Study (DMS), a prospective clinical study, and data collected by Statistics Netherlands (CBS) as part of its routine operations. However, a wide array of social, legal, technical, and scientific issues hinder the analysis. In this paper, we describe these challenges and our progress towards addressing them.