We study the photoinduced ultrafast dynamics in relativistic Mott insulators, i.e., Mott insulators with strong spin-orbit coupling. For this purpose, we consider a minimal one-band Hubbard model on lattices with square and triangular symmetries, as relevant for layered transition metal compounds such as Sr$_2$IrO$_4$. Depending on the lattice and the spin-orbit coupling, the systems have canted antiferromagnetic or $120^\circ$ order. They are excited by simulating a short laser pulse, and the dynamics is solved using nonequilibrium dynamical mean-field theory. The pulse generates hot carriers, which subsequently perturb the magnetic order due to the coupling between the collective order and photocarriers. We find that this dynamics, which is known form regular antiferromagnets, depends sensitively on the spatial structure of the spin-orbit coupling. On the triangular lattice, in particular, relaxation times are influenced by the spin-orbit coupling for the chiral $120^\circ$ order, while on the square lattice with canted antiferromagnetic order the spin-orbit induced canting angle remains unchanged after the excitation. Our study opens up new possibilities of controlling magnetism and exotic spin states on the ultrafast timescales.


The problem of inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) image reconstruction of accelerated motion is considered. As a result of accelerated motion experienced by the target during the image integration period, the ISAR image is distorted and the Doppler frequency of the radar echoes produces undesired change. In traditional ISAR imaging, uniform motion is usually assumed. When accelerated motions are present, it is not possible to obtain a focused image of the target. To solve this problem, the basic idea is to exploit the characteristics of the Doppler frequency of every range cell. The radar signal is decomposed by matching pursuit with a three-parameter chirplet atom. Different point scatterers in cross direction can be separated in the parameter space. The proposed approach is applied to the point scatterer simulation and the result demonstrates that it can improve the smeary ISAR image better than what can be achieved by conventional Fourier transform methods and Winger-Ville Distribution.


We present first results from the spectral and temporal analysis of an RXTE monitoring campaign of the black hole candidate Cygnus X-1 in 1999. The timing properties of this hard state black hole show considerable variability, even though the state does not change. This has previously been noted for the power spectral density, but is probably even more pronounced for the time lags. From an analysis of four monitoring observations of Cyg X-1, separated by 2 weeks from each other, we find that a shortening of the time lags is associated with a hardening of the X-ray spectrum, as well as with a longer characteristic "shot time scale." We briefly discuss possible physical/geometrical reasons for this variability of the hard state properties.


In this paper, we consider a particular uniaxial material able to achieve the DB boundary condition. We show how, for particular transverse electromagnetic properties, this material behaves like a perfectly matched layer (PML). Moreover, we find that, with an approximation, the material becomes passive, i.e., loses the active part of the permittivity and of the permeability typical of a PML. In this case, the uniaxial medium becomes realizable as a particular absorbing metamaterial. We present simulations with both guided and free-space waves to show the absorbing behavior of the proposed material.


Abstract Poor germination and subsequent low grain yield of dry seeded upland rice in the existing anaerobic and short niche between lowland rice and dry season crops in the inland valley necessitate the screening of 19 rice varieties. The identification of vigorous growth and short duration upland rice variety in anaerobic condition would optimize this niche. The potted experiment was carried out in the screen house of the Department of Crop Science and Horticulture, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ikole campus in 2015 to screen and evaluate the performance of upland rice varieties in inundated soils with a view to selecting the suitable variety or varieties that will fit into the existing niche in the inland valley. The experiment was laid in a complete randomization design and replicated three times. The number of leaves, biomass and grain weight plant−1 of the varieties were significantly (P ≤ 0.05 %) different. The number of tillers observed in WAB 56-104, NERICA 4, NERICA 6, NERICA 3, NERICA 5, NERICA 10, NERICA 9, ARICA 4 NERICA 1, FARO 63, FARO 65 and NERICA 8 varieties were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of Igbemo varieties. The numbers of days to 50 % flowering of NERICA 1, NERICA 2, NERICA 10, NERICA 5, NERICA 9, NERICA 3, NERICA 7, NERICA 8, ARICA 4 and WAB 56-104 varieties were the lowest. Although Igbemo brown, Igbemo white varieties had the highest grain yields per plant, their maturity period exceeded the short period. Thus, NERICA 2 and NERICA 5 varieties which had lower number of days to flowering could be considered as candidate varieties that can be optimized in the niche in question.


This paper proposes an unsupervised, batch-type, class-based language model adaptation method for spontaneous speech recognition. The word classes are automatically determined by maximizing the average mutual information between the classes using a training set. A class-based language model is built based on recognition hypotheses obtained using a general word-based language model, and linearly interpolated with that general language model. All the input utterances are re-recognized using the adapted language model. It was confirmed that the proposed method is effective in improving the recognition accuracy in spontaneous presentation recognition. The proposed method was combined with acoustic model adaptation, and it was found that the effects of language model adaptation and acoustic model adaptation are additive. The optimum number of classes is 100 irrespective of whether the acoustic model adaptation is combined or not, and in this condition the language model adaptation yields approximately 2% absolute value improvement in the word accuracy.


The paper examines the evolution of ecolabelling/certification in tourism in the context of the evolution of the concepts of sustainable development and tourism, certification's definitions, motivations, international practices and challenges, and focuses on its intended function as a voluntary market mechanism. Parallels are drawn with the African experience and consideration is given to the particular problems of certification in Africa as a member of the Third World. Evidence is examined, including a local tourist survey that points to certification's ineffectiveness as a means to influence consumer choice, at least in its current form as a voluntary, selfregulatory tool. An attempt is also made to disprove its effectiveness as a source of competitive advantage for tourism companies by considering it within the framework of competitive strategy theory. It is concluded that certification is a poor market mechanism. Consequently, elements of a model for the effective use of ecolabelling as a tool in a suite of sustainability tools in tourism in Africa, are proposed.


A dielectric resonator oscillator (DRO) with excellent low single sideband (SSB) noise was developed at 16 GHz. BMT (Ba(Mg/sub 1/3/Ta/sub 2/3/)O/sub 3/) ceramic with low dielectric loss (tan delta = 3.3*10/sup -5/ at 10 GHz) was used as the dielectric resonator. A conventional GaAs MESFET was used as an active component. SSB noise at 10 kHz from the carrier of -102 dBc/Hz was obtained. This result implies that the low-loss BMT ceramic as a high-Q dielectric resonator contributes to the low-noise performance of the oscillators.<<ETX>>


Despite the rigorous review of laws in Zimbabwe and practices in individual companies, accidents are still high. The researcher, therefore, sought to assess the availability and effectiveness of Safe Systems of Work in minimizing occupational accidents. In this study the researcher's main objective was to assess the availability of SSoW and to find out how effective were the available SSoW. The effectiveness of SSoW was dependent on the blending of SSoW with job descriptions and their regular review. Companies claim to be aware of the practices that cause accidents and those hat mitigate them, but accidents are still rife. Therefore, the researcher felt that there is a link between the availability and effective use of SSoW with accident occurrence.
This study adopted a mixed research approach that focused on both qualitative and quantitative data analysis. On quantitative approach hypothesis testing was conducted through chi-square test to produce generalizable conclusions. Questionnaires, interviews with managerial employees and observation of achieved SSoW and job descriptions were used to collect data. Data was then presented in the form of graphs, pie charts and tables.
From the data gathered it was found that companies lack holistic and integral approach systems in their efforts to minimize work related accidents. Despite the fact that SSoW were provided, these lacked adequate monitoring and review and employee involvement in their development and reactive review. Jobs which are administrative in nature also seem to be given less attention when it comes to accident issues, the reason being the wrong perception that they are safe.
The hypothesis test revealed that the blending of SSoW with job descriptions coupled with their review has an effect on accident minimization as the computed p-value was found to be lower than the significance level alpha = 0.05, at 0.006. The research therefore concluded that there is lack of an integral approach to accident minimisation in manufacturing companies.
From the research findings the researcher recommended that manufacturing companies should adopt a more systematic approach in their provision and use of SSoW if the SSoW is to be effective. It is only through the proper development, provision, use, monitoring and review of SSoW that accidents can be minimised.,Lupane State University


This paper briefly reviews the history of the step-by-step dial telephone system in small communities of metropolitan areas, and notes some of the reasons for its recent, rapidly growing use in small towns and communities apart from metropolitan areas. The wider appreciation of improved service by the public in the last three years is noted, and requirements of the service now being rendered are discussed. The equipment is described, and the methods of operation and maintenance are given. The affect on outside plant, building design, and other incidentals is discussed, as are also the results obtained in the use of this telephone system.


An analysis of electron transport in graphene in the presence of various arrangements of delta-function like magnetic barriers is presented. The motion through one such barrier gives an unusual non-specular refraction leading to asymmetric transmission. The symmetry is restored by putting two such barriers in opposite directions side by side. Periodic arrangements of such barriers can be used as Bragg reflectors whose reflectivity has been calculated using a transfer matrix formalism. Such Bragg reflectors can be used to make resonant cavities. We also analyze the associated band structure for the case of infinite periodic structures.


The article presents the circumstances of a recent Salvadoran immigrant high school student who puts forth great effort to learn despite difficult circumstances caused by her immigration status, economic realities, and the educational system itself. The author issues a call to action for literacy educators to revolutionize their relationships with students, curriculum, and pedagogy. She discusses the need for teachers to give their immigrant students support through caring relationships, value of their lived experiences through relevant literature, and the agency they have lost through writing about their immigration stories.


Self-intercalation of native magnetic atoms within the van der Waals (vdW) gap of layered two-dimensional (2D) materials provides a degree of freedom to manipulate magnetism in low-dimensional systems. Among various vdW magnets, the vanadium telluride is an interesting system to explore the interlayer order-disorder transition of magnetic impurities due to its flexibility in taking nonstoichiometric compositions. In this work, we combine high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) analysis with density functional theory (DFT) calculations and magnetometry measurements, to unveil the local atomic structure and magnetic behavior of V-rich V1+xTe2 nanoplates with embedded V3Te4 nanoclusters grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The segregation of V intercalations locally stabilizes the self-intercalated V3Te4 magnetic phase, which possesses a distorted 1T'-like monoclinic structure. This phase transition is controlled by the electron doping from the intercalant V ions. The magnetic hysteresis loops show that the nanoplates exhibit superparamagnetism, while the temperature-dependent magnetization curves evidence a collective superspin-glass magnetic behavior of the nanoclusters at low temperature. Using four-dimensional (4D) STEM diffraction imaging, we reveal the formation of collective diffuse magnetic domain structures within the sample under the high magnetic fields inside the electron microscope. Our results shed light on the studies of dilute magnetism at the 2D limit and on strategies for the manipulation of magnetism for spintronic applications.


Planar near-field scattering measurements ranks among one of the promising methods for determining the radar cross section (RCS) of complex targets. It requires, however, very long scanning time, especially for electrically large scale. A novel technique, which is named self transmitting and receiving (STR) is proposed. The measuring time is reduced greatly in the light of this method. The results of a conducting plate and a conducting cylinder show the validity.


This thesis presents the investigation of the two-body scattering properties of cold atoms in
sodium and lithium-sodium mixtures and their effects on the many body dynamics. Since both
species are alkali atoms, the combined spin of both unpaired electrons can be either zero or one,
providing two different scattering channels.
The coupling of bound molecular states in these channels with the free atoms asymptote
gives rise to the rich field of Feshbach resonance physics, where the interaction between the
particles can be controlled as an easily accessible experimental parameter. We have investigated
the Feshbach spectrum in the bosonic 7LiNa mixture and could confirm predictions based on
6LiNa measurements, with a shift of the predicted spectrum by about 50 G. Also, the prospects
of interaction tuning via Feshbach resonances were examined.
The difference of the scattering lengths of the electronic potentials also causes a coupling
of atomic collisional channels, which can enable a spin exchange between the atoms. In this
thesis, spin exchange processes have been studied in coherent oscillations in a thermal gas and
a Bose-Einstein condensate of sodium, as well as the evolution of this spinor gas into its ground
state. Preliminary studies of the heteronuclear spin exchange process in both the bosonic 7LiNa
and in the fermionic-bosonic mixture 6LiNa are presented as well.


Tobacco related diseases are the most important cause of respiratory morbidity and mortality in adults. Adult tobacco related respiratory disease may begin in childhood in two ways. Firstly, long term lung damage could occur due to passive exposure from tobacco products reaching the fetus via the placental circulation in utero, and through the air in infants and children. Secondly, most adult smokers begin to smoke while they are children so that factors associated with initiation of smoking and failure of cessation during childhood are of major importance in determining long term adult morbidity from active smoking. There are several strategies to minimise smoking that have been shown to be effective and these should be adopted by educational and governmental agencies. Tobacco companies have played a major role in promoting their products to children and in lobbying politicians to limit effective preventative strategies.

### EFFECTS OF IN UTERO EXPOSURE

If the mother smokes, the level of exposure of the fetus to tobacco products from the time of conception is at the same level as active smokers. A study examining exposure by measurement of maternal urinary cotinine levels at the time of the first clinic visit to a medical practitioner reported levels that were comparable to those found in active smokers.1 Since cotinine diffuses freely through body fluids, the fetus would be exposed to similar levels and these are likely to be comparable to exposure of active smokers. Fetal exposure to tobacco products that cross the placenta has important deleterious effects to the fetus including increased miscarriage,2 3 ectopic pregnancies,4congenital malformations,5 and impaired placental function.6

### PULMONARY FUNCTION MEASUREMENTS IN NEONATES AND IN EARLY LIFE

Lung growth and function is also adversely affected by maternal smoking during pregnancy.7-12 In studies in neonates the respiratory pattern, as evaluated by the ratio of time to maximal tidal expiratory flow over total time of …


AIMS
To evaluate whether patients with HIV enrolled in Linkage to Care (hospital-based only) or Linkage to Care Plus (nurse-led hospital-to-community transitional care) programmes fare better on clinical outcomes; and to investigate how factors such as substance use, mental health or health-related social needs contribute to these outcomes.

BACKGROUND
Social determinants of health contribute to poor HIV outcomes such that only 57% of people living with HIV have achieved the goal of viral suppression nationally, and 50% are retained in clinical care. The programmes evaluated here aimed to increase HIV appointment attendance, retention in care, viral suppression and decrease acute care utilization and mitigate social needs via hospital-to-community transitional support.

DESIGN
A retrospective observational cohort study.

METHODS
We conducted a retrospective patient chart review abstracting data over three time periods between 2017 and 2020 to conduct this longitudinal programme evaluation.

RESULTS
Both programmes had meaningful effects on increasing HIV appointment attendance and viral suppression; Linkage to Care Plus experienced the largest gains. Older age was associated with viral suppression, and housing insecurity and mental health conditions were associated with increased emergency department utilization.

CONCLUSION
Hospital-only and nurse-led hospital-to-community transitional care programmes can positively influence HIV care outcomes. There is a need for enhanced attention and accountability related to health-related social needs, especially housing, and mental and behavioural health, to end the HIV epidemic.

IMPACT
Globally, we are striving to end the HIV epidemic with evidence-informed interventions. The nurse-led hospital-to-community and the hospital-only interventions evaluated here improved HIV outcomes with most gains realized by the nurse-led transitional care model. Integrating lessons from these programmes, with increased attention and accountability for addressing social needs, can improve practice and policies to achieve programmatic and national goals related to HIV and other diseases, and more critically, to meet the goals of the people we serve.

PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION
Patients, staff and leadership at the University of Maryland Institute of Human Virology JACQUES Initiative and University of Maryland Medical Center THRIVE clinic contributed to the design and implementation of the programmes and informed the programme evaluation study.


BackgroundNoninvasive imaging techniques would be highly desirable to differentiate oncotic from apoptotic cell death. Indium 111 antimyosin and technetium 99m glucaric acid were used to assess whether apoptotic and oncotic myocardial cell death can be differentiated.Methods and ResultsCultured H9C2 rat embryonic cardiocytes and CD1 rats were treated with doxorubicin to induce myocardial apoptosis. Acute myocardial oncosis was induced by heat or subcutaneous isoproterenol administration. Scanning electron microscopy, DNA laddering, TUNEL staining, In-111 antimyosin antibody, and Tc-99m glucaric acid were used to demonstrate in vitro and in vivo doxorubicin-induced apoptosis or isoproterenol-induced myocardial oncosis. Scanning electron microscopy, DNA laddering, and TUNEL staining of H9C2 cardiocytes treated with doxorubicin all showed cell death by apoptosis. Rat hearts treated with doxorubicin (10 and 20 mg/kg) were DNA ladder-positive and localized significantly greater In-111 antimyosin antibody (mean ± SD, 0.1942 ± 0.0150 percent injected dose per gram [%ID/g] and 0.1825 ± 0.0238 %ID/g, respectively) than normal hearts (0.1154 ± 0.0270 %ID/g, P < .05). No increase in myocardial Tc-99m glucaric acid activity was observed in rat hearts after 6, 12, and 24 hours of doxorubicin injection (0.0311 ± 0.0066 %ID/g, 0.0356 ± 0.007 %ID/g, and 0.0368 ± 0.0047 %ID/g, respectively; control hearts, 0.0352 ± 0.0099 %ID/g; P = not significant). Tc-99m glucaric acid uptake was significantly greater in isoproterenol-induced oncotic hearts (0.1256 ± 0.1023 %ID/g) than in controls (P < .0001).ConclusionsTc-99m glucaric acid is avid only for the oncotic myocardium. Antimyosin, on the other hand, is positive for both oncotic and apoptotic myocardium.


Vegetation in private gardens contributes significantly to plant species richness and vegetation volume across urban areas. Drivers of garden diversity and structure are complex, reflecting the diversity of social, cultural, and socioeconomic characteristics of the householders who manage their gardens, as well as their predecessors. Here we investigate the woodiness of gardens, and focus on (1) the prevalence of native versus exotic woody plants and (2) the influence of characteristics of garden owners, the gardens, and their proximity to neighborhood green spaces to identify the degree to which these factors explain patterns in native and exotic woody species communities in entire (back and front) gardens in southern temperate New Zealand. We found few consistent patterns in structure in woody species community composition. Outlying gardens were characterized by low species richness and abundance. Thirty-seven species commonly occurred across most gardens: most of these were exotic. Twelve native species were common throughout most gardens. There was significant but weak matching to social and environmental variables: vegetated area, species knowledge, and education explained pattern in native communities, whereas vegetated area, species knowledge, and householder age explained variation in exotic communities. Native trees > 5 m tall occurred in only 58% of gardens. Tall tree density was 10/ha, and 29% of gardens lacked any trees > 5 m. Tree presence was weakly (positively) associated with extent and proximity of neighborhood green space. We suggest that the legacy of previous owners' gardening practices is important to consider when identifying drivers of garden plant community structure.


Nitrogen-doped graphene (N-G) is considered as a promising catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the contributions of pyridinic N, pyrrolic N and graphitic N in N-G for the ORR catalytic activity are controversial. In this work, the contents of pyridinic N, pyrrolic N and graphitic N in N-G were transformed by annealing at different temperatures. It is found that the total N content in N-G is not the critical factor to determine the ORR activity. An increase in the annealing temperature can enhance the content of graphitic N in N-G, causing an improved catalytic ORR activity, which confirms that graphitic N is the active component. Moreover, the enriched graphitic N in the N-G-1000 catalyst shows a half-wave potential (E1/2) of 0.862 V, 29 mV higher than that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst (0.833 V), which is one of the best reported for ORR metal-free catalysts.


Abstract This study examined insect diversity in two native grassland ecosystems undergoing burning and grazing by bison and cattle, the Niobrara Valley Preserve (Nebraska) and the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve (Oklahoma). Sweep-sampling for insects was conducted during July 1994 and 1995 along transects in management units that were grazed by bison and partially burned, grazed by cattle and either burned (Tallgrass) or unburned (Niobrara), or ungrazed and unburned. At both sites, species richness (S) and diversity (log series α) were higher and similarity (Sorensen's index) lower for bison than for cattle or ungrazed management units. High bison management unit diversity was associated with significantly higher S and α in burned (Tallgrass) and unburned (Niobrara) portions of bison units compared with their respective cattle units, suggesting that habitat heterogeneity in terms of plant productivity, composition, and structure were higher in bison versus cattle and ungrazed management units. Replicated factorial experiments and sampling of additional taxa and time points are needed to verify how fire and grazing management impacts insect diversity in these grasslands.


The support for information technology (IT) artisanship is growing in Lagos and other parts of Nigeria despite evidence that the income and the achievement opportunities are very low. The objective of this study was to examine the job satisfaction among IT artisans in Lagos, Nigeria. Data were collected from 300 respondents using a researcher-administered questionnaire. Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory was deployed. However, the hierarchies were considered independent variable groups and not a linear fashion as suggested by Maslow. The respondents reported that they are not satisfied with their jobs. They, however, reported the trendiness of IT and the expectation of a breakthrough in their jobs as the basis for choosing to remain in their jobs.


E-Learning system gains a great attention in the past years; with advance of the internet and the information exchange techniques the importance to merge the traditional learning means with the internet-based learning methods became a must especially in Iraq, the Iraqi higher education is now coping with the new information and communication technologies and adopting a modern methods for upgrading their education and learning ways. There are great efforts to blend E-Learning systems with the educational process, in order to fulfill this purposes the proposed research is advancing E-Learning systems by suggesting a hybrid method that combines two Artificial Intelligence Techniques (AI) inside the design and the development of an intelligent E-Learning system for computer science department at university of technology. The utilization of Artificial Neural Networks algorithm (ANNs) especially Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) is a way of implementing deep learning technique to predict the students' final out comes in virtual class room based on their grades and their learning behaviors. RNN is optimized by utilizing ADAM optimizer to lift the accuracy of the proposed algorithm, the dataset are gathered and processed to suite the education purposes and was divided into80% for training the model and 20% for testing the model, the results of the hybrid model are compared with other machine learning methods like Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), decision tree, naïve Bayesian, and random forest using WEKA environment, the results of the proposed model showed a promising accuracy when compared with the mentioned machine learning algorithms.


Few of us enjoy performing a task if we feel that we are not very good at it. Furthermore, the simpler the task appears to be, the more embarrassed we feel about our perceived lack of ability. As a result, we tend to avoid the whole situation


Three derivatives of tris(bipyridyl)–ruthenium(II) complexes with different alkyl-chain lengths (nC18H37 (1), nC14H29 (2) and nC10H21 (3)) were synthesised. All these complexes behaved as an amphiphile and their surface properties were studied at the air–water interface by measuring surface pressure–area (Π–A) isotherms. The surface morphology of the resulting films at the air–water interface was also studied by using Brewster angle microscopy. Mean molecular areas of these complexes were measured from the Π–A isotherms, which were approximately 200 A2, thereby indicating a parallel arrangement of the Ru–bipyridyl moiety of the complexes. Mono- and multilayer Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films were formed on different solid surfaces with transfer ratios close to one. Similarities in the absorption and fluorescence spectra of these amphiphiles in solution as well as in LB films deposited on a quartz surface confirmed the successful transfer of these films onto the substrates. The latter provided information about the arrangements of metallosurfactant molecules within the LB films. The two-dimensional concentrations of these films were calculated from the Lambert–Beer law as well as from the Π–A isotherm, which confirmed regular and reproducible transfer of the complex monolayers from the air–water interface onto the quartz surface. The surface morphology of these films on various substrates was characterised by atomic force microscopy. Furthermore, by oxidising the monolayer of complex 3, a one-input sequential logic gate was constructed.


Pathogenic mycobacteria are able to survive and proliferate in phagosomes within host macrophages (Mφ). This capability has been attributed in part to their cell wall, which consists of various unique lipids. Some of these are important in the host-pathogen interaction, such as resistance against microbicidal effector mechanisms and modulation of host cell functions, and/or are presented as Ags to T cells. Here we show that two lipids are released from the mycobacterial cell wall within the phagosome of infected Mφ and transported out of this compartment into intracellular vesicles. One of these lipids was identified as lysocardiolipin. Lysocardiolipin was generated through cleavage of mycobacterial cardiolipin by a Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 present in Mφ lysosomes. This result indicates that lysosomal host cell enzymes can interact with released mycobacterial lipids to generate new products with a different intracellular distribution. This represents a novel pathway for the modification of bacterial lipid Ags.


In emission tomography, the spatial distribution of a radioactive tracer is estimated from a finite sample of externally detected photons. We present an algorithm-independent theory of statistical accuracy attainable in emission tomography that makes minimal assumptions about the underlying image. Let f denote the tracer density as a function of position (i.e., f is the image being estimated). We consider the problem of estimating the linear functional Φ(f) ≡ ∫ φ(x)f(x) dx, where φ is a smooth function, from n independent observations identically distributed according to the Radon transform of f . Assuming only that f is bounded above and below away from 0, we construct statistically efficient estimators for Φ(f). By definition, the variance of the efficient estimator is a best-possible lower bound (depending on φ and f) on the variance of unbiased estimators of Φ(f). Our results show that, in general, the efficient estimator will have a smaller variance than the standard estimator based on the filtered-backprojection reconstruction algorithm. The improvement in performance is obtained by exploiting the range properties of the Radon transform.


We are grateful to Susantu Basu, Stéphane Bonhomme, Michael Burda, Ferre De Graeve, Bronwyn Hall, Benoit Mulkay, Mark Rogers, Chad Syversson, Philip Vermeulen, and other participants at the ZEW Conference on the Economics of Innovation and Patenting (Mannheim, 2005), the International Industrial Organization Conference (Boston, MA, 2006), the NBER Productivity Seminar (Cambridge, MA, 2006), the ECB/CEPR 2006 Labour Market Workshop on Wage and Labour Cost Dynamics (Frankfurt, 2006), the ZEW Workshop on Institutions and the Labour Market (Mannheim, 2007), the Far Eastern Meeting of the Econometric Society (Taipei, 2007), the International Conference on Panel Data (Xiamen, 2007) and the European Meeting of the Econometric Society (Budapest, 2007) for helpful comments and suggestions. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.


In this paper, we present the model of threshold schemes with weights as a natural generalization of Shamir's threshold scheme and show how to apply the model to construct secret sharing schemes by two examples.


Around the mid-second millennium BC, some inhumations and disarticulated bones were buried in the area of the fortification lines at the Coppa Nevigata settlement (northern Apulia). This funerary custom appears to be anomalous in the context of Bronze Age southern Italy. On the other hand, such a burial location near to a fortification wall mirrors the funerary evidence from Bronze Age hillforts (castellieri/gradine) in Istria, a region that indeed had close relationships with northern Apulia. Evidence from other European regions is also taken into account, in order to evaluate to what extent this phenomenon was a distinctive trait pointing to interaction between the south-western and north-eastern Adriatic and what their nature was. European contexts offer only generic similarities, whereas the consistency of funerary practices at settlements in the Adriaticarea, based on a close association with defensive lines, appears to be far from random.


A simple technique is introduced for calculating the kernels in the Volterra series expansion, which represents the solution of a large class of nonlinear differential equations. The Volterra series considered in previous discussions can represent only solutions with zero initial conditions. The scope is widened in this paper to allow representation of the general solution of nonlinear differential equations. The last section of the paper presents an adaptation of a technique commonly used in the analysis and design of linear systems to a nonlinear system through the use of the Volterra series.


The Lorentz transformation (LT) of Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity (STR) leads to the prediction of time dilation and length contraction in moving rest frames. In addition, the relativistic velocity transformation (RVT) is derived from the LT by simply taking the ratios of its space and time coordinates, and this in turn guarantees satisfaction of Einstein's light-speed constancy postulate. The Global Positioning Transformation (GPS-LT) is similar to the LT but differs from it in a significant way, namely it does not lead to the space-time mixing characteristic of the LT. The way in which time dilation is derived from both transformations is compared and it is shown that only the GPS-LT is self-consistent with respect to this key prediction of relativity theory.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The standard systemic treatment for prostate cancer patients is androgen deprivation therapy. Although serum testosterone concentrations were significantly reduced after androgen deprivation therapy, levels of intraprostatic androgens are reproducibly measured at concentrations sufficient to activate androgen receptor (AR) and stimulate tumor growth, suggesting that prostate cancer cells may survive androgen deprivation therapies by increasing intracrine androgen synthesis within the prostate. However, factors that regulate de novo intracrine androgen synthesis have not been identified. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been implicated in the modulation of AR activation and growth and differentiation in prostate cancer. In this study, we investigate whether IL-6 regulates intraprostatic androgen synthesis in prostate cancer cells. METHODS: Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and western blot were performed to detect expression levels of steroidogenic enzymes. AKR1C3 promoter reporter was constructed and analyzed for IL-6-mediated AKR1C3 transcriptional activity. IL-6-mediated signaling was knocked down using siRNAs specific to IL-6R and gp130 and the effect on AKR1C3 expression was examined. To measure intraprostatic androgen levels, IL-6 overexpressing LNCaP-IL6+ cells were inoculated orthotopically into the prostate of castrated male nude mice and generated tumors. Intraprostatic androgen levels were measured by an enzyme immunoassay (Testosterone EIA kit) based on the competition between testosterone and a testosterone-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) conjugate (testosterone tracer) for a limited amount of testosterone in the sample. RESULTS: We found that IL-6 increases the expression of genes encoding many steroidogenic enzymes including HSD3B2 and AKR1C3 involved in androgen biosynthesis. Down regulation of IL-6 receptor and gp130 expression using specific siRNA abolished IL-6 mediated AKR1C3 expression, suggesting that IL-6 signaling is responsible for AKR1C3 expression. IL-6 increases AKR1C3 promoter activity, indicating that the increase in IL-6-mediated AKR1C3 expression is in part at the transcriptional level. Treatment of IL-6 increased testosterone level in LNCaP cells. The tumor testosterone levels were detected at 378 pg/g in tumors generated from IL-6 overexpressing LNCaP-IL6+ cells inoculated orthotopically into the prostates of castrated male nude mice. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that IL-6 increases levels of intracrine androgens through enhanced expression of genes mediating androgen metabolism in prostate cancer cells during androgen deprivation therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1727.


Community Based Forest Management (CBFM) is a cooperative forest management system between the State-Owned Forestry Company (Perum Perhutani) and forest village communities to bring optimal forest resource sustainability. The application of the CBFM program in Central Java is based on the Governor's Decree Number 24 of 2001 concerning Management of Forest Resources among Communities in Central Java and the Perhutani Director's Decree Number: 682 / Kpts / Dir / 2009 concerning Guidelines for Community Based Forest Management (CBFM). Sambak Village is one of the villages that implemented the CBFM program that is realized through the Wana Hijau Lestari forest village community work program. The aim of this study is to look further at the implementation of the CBFM program in Sambak Village and the factors that affects the implementation of the CBFM in Sambak Village. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive approach with observation, interviews, and documentation as the data collection techniques. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the CBFM in Sambak Village which is based on the scope of the forest area and the outer forest area, still has several problems. This study found several factors that influence the implementation of the Sambak CBFM associated with human resources such as people who are still not open and the Forest Village Community administrators who are less active, coordination between several parties in CBFM activities still leads to misscommunication, unclear source of funds for implementing CBFM activity and the community environment that are still traditional which create stigma that affects the CBFM implementation. In this study, the author's suggestion is to improve the coordination between the parties involved in CBFM to avoid misscommunication, an integrated marketing system for Wana Hijau Lestari Forest Village Community, Establishment of Village Forest Cooperative (Union), and an expansion in the tourism field.


In this paper, we propose the automatic composition system based on genetic algorithm and N-gram model. In the proposed system, the tone and the length of sounds are expressed in a form of gene, and some melodies are generated by genetic algorithm. In this system, the fitness of the gene is calculated based on (a) transition of rhythm, (b) transition of tone, (c) transition of tone and length, (d) transition of the number of sounds per bar, (e) similarity of rhythms between bars, (f) rate of unique sounds of scales and (g) difference between two sounds. We carried out a series of computer experiments and confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed system.


The audiological findings in Ménière's disease are reviewed particularly in respect of loudness recruitment and speech discrimination loss. Although recruitment is pathognomonic of all cochlear lesions, certain distinguishing features are apparent in Ménière's disease which differ from those in other non-metabolic disorders of the cochlea. With mild degrees of hearing loss, recruitment appears to aid speech discrimination supporting the suggestion that it represents the ears adjustment to failing hearing. With more profound degrees of hearing loss, there is a linear inverse relationship between maximum discrimination score and hearing level. Actual hearing aid gains preferred by patients correlate well with those predicted from a consideration of recruitment curves.


This article provides a critical analysis of the role of the "insider" researcher in qualitative fieldwork in race and ethnicity. The analysis is based on research conducted on the construction of racial and ethnic identity in the Cape Verdean American community of southeastern New England. Reflections are presented on the various ways that the researcher's status as an "insider" was evaluated and negotiated during fieldwork. It is suggested that these negotiations reveal the manner in which group members define the boundaries of the group, the attributes they associate with it, and the meaning of the group itself. This interpretation of insider status, as involving complex and ongoing definitions and negotiations of group membership, highlights the way that researchers and participants are simultaneously engaged in the construction of race and ethnicity.


This is kind of descriptive research entitled "Pembentukan Portofolio Efisien Untuk Memaksimalkan Return dan Meminimalkan Risk". It describes problems and conditions and several shares in Jakarta Stock Exchanges without any hypothesis testing. The aims of this research are to discover shares chategorized as efficient portofolio and to know about the rate of return, portofolio risk, as well as the amount of invested budget composition on each share. The analysis technique is Single Index Model (MIT) to measure the returns rate and portofolio risk. From the 45 research samples share, there are 3 shares which is chategorized as efficient portofolio, they are Dynaplast, Jaya Real Property and Summarecon Agung. The details of shares are the portofolio return of Dynaplast is 0.0268, the portofolio beta those is 0.2217 and portofolio variant 0.0025. The portofolio return rate of Jaya Real Property is 0.0418, the portofolio beta 0.2842 and the portofolio variant is 0.0015. The portofolio return rate of Summarecon Agung is 0.0364, the portofolio beta 0.2267 and the portofolio variant is 0.0012. Besides that the details of the total amount of the budget toward those bluechips are Dynaplast is 59.6% from the grand total of the budget, Jaya Real Property is 22% and Summarecon Agung is 18,4%. The conclusion of the researches writer based on the above analysis is on the markets fluctuation. It can be perceived from the amount of the systematics risk or beta of each share both individual or portofolio. Keyword : PORTOFOLIO EFISIEN Link Terkait : http://skripsi.umm.ac.id/files/disk1/29/jiptummpp-gdl-s1-2004-triesawali-1450-PENDAHUL-N.pdf


Electoral systems are set of rules and procedures which determine how voters cast their votes and how the votes are converted into representative seats. 1 Beyond this, each electoral system has its own impact on how the political system functions. From this perspective, the author has tested the discontents of the Ethiopian electoral system, the first-past-the-post (FPTP) taking the election data of 2005, 2010 and 2015. The research finding showed that the FPTP electoral system is ill devised to the Ethiopian current needs and realities. 2 In view of such discontents, there should be a genuine concern of reforming the Ethiopian electoral system. The question remains, however, which electoral system best suits the Ethiopian situation from the bulk of alternatives? In choosing the best alternative electoral system, first, a list of criteria are set which sum up what we want to achieve and what we want to avoid or in a broader sense what we want our political system to look like. The possible alternative electoral systems are evaluated against the specific criteria designed. Finally, the evaluation revealed decisively that the mixed electoral system with compensatory seats which maintains the strong attributes of FPTP and PR electoral systems while avoiding at the same time their negative sides is found to be the best to the Ethiopian multicultural federation. This system which combines FPTP and PR systems would produce proportional results, encourage inter-party conciliation, reduce the number of ignored votes, enable geographic representation, ensure fair results for all political parties and the voters behind them, and above all creates cohesive government than the PR system would do alone. Keywords: electoral system, the FPTP, the mixed electoral system, proportional electoral system, and Ethiopia


The literature on public-private partnerships (PPPs) generally concurs that its entry in the education sector is fairly recent, particularly in developing countries. Also, there is little empirical evidence to prop up the claims about its efficacy in addressing the challenges it is purported to address in the education sectorcost-reduction, efficiency, accountability, and quality. And finally, the exponents for their promotion in developing countries are largely neoliberal-oriented transnational actors. However, not much is known about how they are adopted, especially in developing countries where policy-making is often shrouded in secrecy. To add to our illumination the politics involved in the adoption of PPPs in education, this paper examines the PPP policy to be piloted in Ghana. Specifically, it explores how the policy was either internally or externally motivated, by analysing the texts of the three Education Strategic Plans (ESPs) and relevant publications related to some transnational actors. The findings indicate that the PPP policy was the outcome of the synapse of domestic incremental and systemic policy-making processes and the mechanisms of globalisation (transnational forces). However, the role of transnational actors in shaping the PPP policy appears to be greater than any rational internal processes deduced from the ESP documents and outside of them. For the sustainability of the policy, it is, therefore, important the transnational actors, who are directly involved in promoting the policy but depends on external support, work on maintaining good relationships with their network of sponsors, to ensure the continual inflows of resources to execute the policy.


Background/Aim: Microtubule-associated tumor suppressor 1 (MTUS1) is a novel tumor suppressor involved in proliferation and migration, and down-regulation of MTUS1 is associated with the poor prognosis of several cancers. We evaluated the clinicopathological significance of MTUS1 expression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Patients and Methods: We assessed MTUS1 expression by immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarrays from 249 cases of RCC. We analyzed the correlation of MTUS1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics. Additionally, we used public databases and performed bioinformatics analysis. Results: We investigated The Cancer Genome Atlas databases and identified that MTUS1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in RCC tissues than in normal tissues. Loss of MTUS1 expression was correlated with high WHO/ISUP nuclear grade, lymphovascular invasion, renal vein thrombus, and high pT stage in patients with RCC. Although there was no statistically significant correlation between MTUS1 expression and patients' prognosis in our cohort, MTUS1 overexpression was significantly correlated with a favorable prognosis in public data. Conclusion: Loss of MTUS1 expression in RCC might be a potential biomarker for predicting clinical outcome.


The extension of the Biot-Tolstoy (1957) exact time domain solution to the electromagnetic isovelocity or isorefractive wedge is described. The TM field generated by a Hertzian electric dipole can be represented by a vector potential parallel to the apex of the wedge and a scalar potential necessitated by the three dimensionality of the magnetic field. The derivation of the former is exactly that of the pressure in the corresponding acoustic situation, and a more efficient version of the lengthy details is presented herein. A Lorentz gauge determines the scalar potential from the vector potential, and the diffracted field contains impulsive and "switch-on" terms that cannot be evaluated in closed form. The ratio of arrival times, at a given point, of the geometrical optics and diffracted fields provides a convenient parameter, in addition to the usual metric-related variable, for graphically displaying this scalar potential.


The ground state and the thermodynamics of a spin-1/2 asymmetric diamond Ising–Heisenberg chain are considered. For the XY Z anisotropic Heisenberg interaction, the exact calculations of the free energy, entropy, heat capacity, magnetization, and magnetic susceptibility are performed using the method of decorationiteration transformation. In the case of antiferromagnetic interactions (Ising and XXZ anisotropic Heisenberg ones), the ground state, magnetization process, temperature dependence of the magnetization, magnetic susceptibility, and heat capacity are investigated. The influence of geometric frustration and quantum fluctuations on these characteristics is studied.


The objective of this paper is to present and discuss a research on objects as educational and cultural analysers, undertaken with a sample of 154 university students in Spain. The participants were asked both to choose five key objects representing their lives and to write short stories about the objects selected and its meaning regarding learning, identity and culture. Firstly, I will discuss the importance of objects from a social and cultural point of view. Then, I will mention the general framework of biographical work that oriented this research. I will describe the concrete activity of object selection and the different oral and written working methods related to them. To illustrate the activity, I will present some cases, including the written comments of the selected objects. Finally, I will comment on the perspectives arising from this activity with the aim of understanding the generational, social, cultural and formative contexts of young people as well as the contributions of this research to biographical work in training, formal education, adult education and cultural fields.


The secondary structures in mRNA often cause early termination during the synthesis of cDNA. In an attempt to determine the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of the gene LIP1 using the RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RLM-RACE), we found that reverse transcriptases skipped over the LIP1 RNA secondary structures and continued the DNA synthesis through RNA adapter sequences without early termination. A fragment of only three nucleotides upstream of the LIP1 translation initiation codon was obtained from the initial RACE-PCR, which was much shorter than the 57-nucleotide fragment obtained from the cDNA library screening. Analysis of the 5' end sequence indicates the presence of high G+C content and stem-loop secondary structures. Therefore, optimizations of the reaction with high temperature (70 degrees C) and a thermostable reverse transcriptase were performed to synthesize the first-strand cDNA, which was determined to have 73 nucleotides in the 5'-UTR. These results suggest that, under cDNA synthesis conditions at 42 degrees C and 60 degrees C, the reverse transcriptases skipped over the stem-loop structures of LIP1 mRNA and continued the cDNA synthesis until they reached the RNA adapter sequences. Thisfinding draws attention to adopting optimized conditions for cDNA synthesis on G+C-rich RNA templates.


Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) belongs to a family of proteins related to nerve growth factor, which are responsible for neuron proliferation, survival and differentiation. A more diverse role for BDNF as a neuronal extracellular transmitter has, nevertheless, been proposed. The dopamine D3 receptor has been implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, drug addiction, depression and Parkinson's disease. Its expression during development and in adulthood is highly dependent on dopaminergic innervation. Here we show that BDNF synthesized by dopamine neurons is responsible for the appearance of the D3 receptor during development and maintains D3 receptor expression in adults. Moreover, BDNF triggers D3 receptor overexpression and behavioral sensitization to levodopa in denervated animals. These results suggest that BDNF, by controlling the expression of specific genes such as the D3 receptor gene, may be an important factor in neurodevelopmental psychiatric diseases.


Social and Economy Impact on Market Relocation Policy (Case Study on Relocation of Dinoyo Traditional Market Kota Malang). Purpose of the relocation policy at Dinoyo Traditional Market to Merjosai Temporary Market is to revitalize Dinoyo Traditional Market to be more modern. This policy is temporary until revitalizing old market is done. On the implementation of this policy, there will be social and economic impacts occur that influence stakeholders Dinoyo Traditional Market. Research type is descriptive with qualitative approach, this research aim to describe the implementation of relocation policy Dinoyo Market to Merjosari Market before implementation on progress, during implementation progress, and after the implementation finish also describing social and economic impacts that happen in this implementation of relocation policy.


Background Leflunomide is a disease modifying drug (DMARD) used in the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Chronic uveitis is a frequent complication of JIA. Methotrexate and other DMARDS have successfully been used in the treatment of this condition. However, few data is available of the effect of leflunomide treatment on concurrent chronic uveitis in JIA. Objectives To investigate the effect of leflunomide treatment on the course of uveitis in JIA and to determine the number of flares of uveitis in patients with previous uveitis treated with leflunomide. Methods The database of the German Center for Pediatric Rheumatology was searched for all patients with diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis and chronic uveitis and treatment with leflunomide from January 2010 until October 2011. Patients older than 18 years of age or with uveitis for other causes were excluded. Patients were divided into two subgroups: (I) active uveitis and (II) inactive uveitis at start of leflunomide treatment. A retrospective chart survey was used to extract demographic data, uveitis activity using SUN working group criteria, dosage of leflunomide and length of treatment and concurrent medications, including DMARD and biologic agents. Primary endpoints for the subgroups were: (I) change in SUN criteria at start of leflunomide treatment and last follow-up, and (II) occurrence of flare during leflunomide treatment. Analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon matched pairs test. Results 16 patients were included in the study, 10 with active and 6 with inactive disease at start of leflunomide treatment. Median dose of leflunomide was 20 mg per day (range 10 – 20 mg) over a median period of 10 months (range 3 - 53 months). Preceding medications were methotrexate in 100%, azathioprine in 63%, cyclosporine in 25% and etanercept in 19% of patients. Concurrent treatment was adalimumab in 56%, etanercept and infliximab in 13% each of patients. Patients with active disease showed a median drop of uveitis activity from 1+ (range 0 – 2+) to no activity (range 0 – 2+) at last follow-up (p=0.024). Of 6 patients with inactive disease, 1 showed a flare of uveitis during treatment with leflunomide. Of note, 2 patients showed a flare of uveitis 6 and 13 months after discontinuation of leflunomide treatment, respectively. Conclusions Leflunomide may be of benefit in the treatment of refractory uveitis alone or in combination with biological agents. Further research including controlled trials is necessary to assess leflunomide efficacy in chronic uveitis associated with JIA. Disclosure of Interest None Declared


Mindfulness has been associated with the use of adult colouring books, and 'mindfulness colouring books' have become a new trend in the marketing of colouring books. While the popularity of these 'mindfulness colouring books' steadily increases, the question of whether they do increase mindfulness has not been addressed. In a randomized controlled experiment, university students (n = 88) were assigned to a mandala group, which is a colouring exercise utilising a circular shape known as a mandala (and is described as a mindfulness colouring exercise) or to a free-drawing group (i.e., drawing on a blank piece of paper without any indications that it is a mindfulness practice). Measurements of state mindfulness and state anxiety were taken before and after the experiment. Results indicated that both conditions increased mindfulness and decreased anxiety (although not significantly), but there was no significant difference between the groups in both state mindfulness and anxiety. Findings suggest that drawing itself can be mindful, but more guidance or instructions on how to draw may be required to develop a truly mindful practice with the use of colouring books. Limitations and future directions are discussed.


After range cell migration correction in the range-Doppler domain, it is found that the two-dimensional envelope of a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) moving target exhibits a skew with the slope proportional to its Doppler ambiguity integer. Therefore, a novel approach is proposed for Doppler ambiguity resolving of SAR moving targets based on linear residual migration correction. The results of both Monte-Carlo trials and real data are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Importance
National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recommend routine clinical follow-up as posttreatment surveillance for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV-associated OPSCC) is a unique subset of HNC, associated with fewer recurrences and improved survival. The utility of this guideline in this patient population is unknown.

Objective
To determine adherence to the NCCN clinical follow-up guideline, frequency of recurrence detection method, classified as symptom-directed, physician-detected, or imaging-detected, and survival benefit associated with adherence to the NCCN guideline.

Design, Setting, and Participants
Retrospective cohort study of patients with HPV-associated OPSCC diagnosed between January 1, 2011, and April 30, 2014, at a large integrated health care system. Multivariable analyses were conducted using the Cox proportional hazards regression model, with patient adherence to NCCN visit guidelines constructed as a time-dependent variable. All data analyses were complete on September 1, 2018.

Exposures
Posttreatment clinical and imaging surveillance.

Main Outcomes and Measures
Recurrence and overall survival. Secondary outcome was salvage therapy.

Results
Of the 233 study patients with HPV-associated OPSCC, the mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 60.5 (8.7) years; 201 (86.3%) were male, 189 (81.1%) were white, and 109 (46.8%) had a positive smoking history. Median follow-up time through recurrence or all-cause mortality was 4.5 years (interquartile range, 3.8-5.6). Patients demonstrated 83.0% (180 of 217) adherence to NCCN surveillance guidelines in year 1, 52.7% (106 of 201) in year 2, 73.4% (141 of 192) in year 3, 62.3% (96 of 154) in year 4, and 52.9% (45 of 85) in year 5. A total of 3358 clinical surveillance examinations were performed with 22 patients having recurrences. There were 10 symptom-directed, 1 physician-detected, and 11 imaging-detected recurrences. Of the symptom-directed recurrences, salvage therapy was attempted in 5; at the study end date, 1 was alive. Salvage neck dissection was attempted in the physician-detected recurrence; this patient subsequently died. All locoregional recurrences occurred within the first 2 years, and all salvageable recurrences within the first year. Adherence to NCCN guidelines was not protective against all-cause mortality in the multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.28-2.05).

Conclusions and Relevance
Among patients with HPV-associated OPSCC, clinical surveillance is of limited utility. Nearly all clinically detected recurrences were elicited by patient symptoms that prompted earlier presentation to the clinician. Adherence to the current schedule does not appear to confer survival advantage, and locoregional recurrences are almost never detected beyond 2 years. These findings support reduction of posttreatment clinical surveillance in this population.


Several experimental studies have suggested that the sulphydryl-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, has cardioprotective effects in the setting of acute myocardial ischaemia, ischaemia/reperfusion and infarction. We have observed that captopril can reduce the degree of dilatation and early functional myocardial infarct expansion produced by 3 h of permanent coronary artery occlusion in anaesthetized, open-chest dogs. In addition, captopril has been shown to limit experimental infarct size, reduce the incidence of reperfusion arrhythmias, and improve contractile function of stunned myocardium. When administered chronically after myocardial infarction, both experimental and clinical evidence suggests that captopril reduces left ventricular dilatation. Captopril is currently being tested in large clinical trials as adjuvant therapy to thrombolysis.


Purpose – In this study, online in-service training for people employed in the food production industry
is scrutinized. The purpose of this study is to analyse how the participants adapt to such online
environments in terms of the kind of discussions they establish. The more specific interest relates to
how the participants discuss current work experiences in relation to the contents of quality assurance
they are expected to learn.
Design/methodology/approach – The data analyzed are Web discussions in forms of chat log files
from ten courses.
Findings – The results show that, on the one hand, general principles have to be substantiated in the
form of concrete examples to actually function as principles and, on the other hand, concrete examples
are made interesting only if they have a bearing on a more general issue. Another interesting finding is
that the course participants gradually take over the vocabulary of quality assurance; they more
frequently write about their work in terms of, e.g. criteria, relevance, estimations and hazards. The
conclusion is that Web discussions as part of in-service training constitute a new arena for reflection in
and on practice.
Originality/value – This is interesting to explore, as it is designed to meet the needs of employers and
employees to learn the new set of rules and procedures, which regulate the European food industry. In
this respect, the training activities are of direct relevance to daily work practices. Simultaneously, online
environments seem to offer flexibility and thus constitute a solution for training in a dispersed industry


Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types, most often HPV16 and HPV18, causes all cervical and most anal cancers, and a subset of vulvar, vaginal, penile and oropharyngeal carcinomas. Two prophylactic virus-like particle (VLPs)-based vaccines, are available that protect against vaccine type-associated persistent infection and associated disease, yet have no therapeutic effect on existing lesions or infections. We have generated recombinant live-attenuated influenza A viruses expressing the HPV16 oncogenes E6 and E7 as experimental immunotherapeutic vaccine candidates. The influenza A virus life cycle lacks DNA intermediates as important safety feature. Different serotypes were generated to ensure efficient prime and boost immunizations. The immune response to vaccination in C57BL/6 mice was characterized by peptide ELISA and IFN-γ ELISpot, demonstrating induction of cell-mediated immunity to HPV16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins. Prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine efficacy was analyzed in the murine HPV16-positive TC-1 tumor challenge model. Subcutaneous (s.c.) prime and boost vaccinations of mice with recombinant influenza A serotypes H1N1 and H3N2, followed by challenge with TC-1 cells resulted in complete protection or significantly reduced tumor growth as compared to control animals. In a therapeutic setting, s.c. vaccination of mice with established TC-1 tumors decelerated tumor growth and significantly prolonged survival. Importantly, intralesional vaccine administration induced complete tumor regression in 25% of animals, and significantly reduced tumor growth in 50% of mice. These results suggest recombinant E6E7 influenza viruses as a promising new approach for the development of a therapeutic vaccine against HPV-induced disease.


In this paper we study the effect of the phonon scattering in Silicon nanowire transistors using a Non equillibrium Green Function Formalism. We consider a wide range of channel lengths from 6 to 40 nm in 2.2×2.2 nm2 cross section devices. We study the reduction in drain current due to scattering in these devices and extract the phonon-limited mobility. We also show the impact of the scattering in the channel and the source and drain regions and their contribution to the total current degradation, showing that for short gate length transistors most of the impact of the phonons comes from the source and drain regions.


D-enzyme (EC 188.8.131.52) is believed to be involved in starch metabolism, but the function in vivo is not known. In order to investigate the role of D-enzyme, several approaches have been under taken. Transgenic potato plants with dramatically reduced D-enzyme activity were obtained by introducing sense and antisense D-enzyme cDNA sequences with the appropriate promoter sequence. The tubers from these plants sprouted later and the growth of sprouts was slower than the wild type. However, no significant difference was found in starch produced in tubers, either in its quantity or quality. These results seems to suggest the role of D-enzyme in starch degradation rather than starch synthesis. The analysis of the action of D-enzyme on amylose and amylopectin revealed that the enzyme can catalyze the cyclization reaction and produce cycloamylose with DP larger than 17. Cycloamylose produced are highly soluble in water and can incorporate various compounds in their helical cavities, thus expected to find exploitation in food and pharmaceutical industries.


A 380 km long coast-parallel alkali basalt dyke swarm cutting the Precambrian basement in south-western Greenland has generally been regarded as one of the earliest manifestations of rifting during continental stretching prior to break-up in the Labrador Sea. Therefore, the age of this swarm has been used in models for the evolution of the Labrador Sea, although it has been uncertain due to earlier discrepant K–Ar dates. Two dykes from this swarm situated 200 km apart have now been dated by the Ar–Ar step-heating method. Separated biotites yield plateau ages of 133.3 ± 0.7 Ma and 138.6 ± 0.7 Ma, respectively. One of the dykes has excess argon. Plagioclase separates confirm the biotite ages but yield less precise results. The age 133– 138 Ma is earliest Cretaceous, Berriasian to Valanginian, and the dyke swarm is near-coeval with the oldest igneous rocks (the Alexis Formation) on the Labrador shelf. A small swarm of alkali basalt dykes in the Sukkertoppen (Maniitsoq) region of southern West Greenland was also dated. Two separated kaersutites from one sample yield an average plateau age of 55.2 ± 1.2 Ma. This is the Paleocene–Eocene boundary. The swarm represents the only known rocks of that age within several hundred kilometres and may be related to changes in the stress regime during reorganisation of plate movements at 55 Ma when break-up between Greenland and Europe took place.


Atherosclerosis is a complex multifactorial disorder. Studies show that infectious microbial agents may play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis; however, these findings are conflicting. This study investigated the presence of Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA in atherosclerotic plaques of patients suffering from coronary artery disease. In a cross-sectional study, 85 patients (43 females and 42 males with mean age of 61±9.5, range 42-82 years) referred for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and thoracic biopsy as the control groups were enrolled for this study. Standard questionnaires, including demographic and clinical evaluation were administered. Obtained specimens were processed and then nested polymerase chain reaction with primers for Pst1 fragment was carried out to detect Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS software. Of note, in 25 out of the 85 patients (29.4%), C. pneumoniae was detected within atherosclerotic plaques, whereas, 5 out of the 85 thoracic biopsy (5.9%) were positive for the presence of the mentioned bacteria in internal thoracic artery. There was a statistically significant association between atherosclerotic plaque (study group) and thoracic biopsy (control group) in terms of C. pneumoniae positivity (P=0.0001). The findings of this study support the hypothesis that C. pneumoniae is associated with atherosclerosis.


Abstract Petrochemical based polymers, paints and coatings are cornerstones of modern industry but our future sustainable society demands greener processes and renewable feedstock materials. A challenge is to access platform monomers from biomass resources while integrating the principles of green chemistry in their chemical synthesis. We present a synthesis route starting from biomass‐derived furfural towards the commonly used monomers maleic anhydride and acrylic acid, implementing environmentally benign photooxygenation, aerobic oxidation and ethenolysis reactions. Maleic anhydride and acrylic acid, transformed into sodium acrylate, were isolated in yields of 85 % (2 steps) and 81 % (4 steps), respectively. With minimal waste and high atom efficiency, this biobased route provides a viable alternative to access key monomers.


Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC

Though deletion or loss of BRCA1 function is the major cause of most familial forms of breast cancer, decreased expression of non-mutated BRCA1 alleles is often found in sporadic breast cancer, suggesting that alterations in BRCA1 transcriptional regulation may contribute to non-inherited forms of breast cancer. In this study, we show that BRCA1 expression is controlled by a tightly regulated dynamic balance between the association of transcriptional co-activators and co-repressors that regulate histone acetylation and chromatin accessibility at the BRCA1 bi-directional promoter to enforce unidirectional transcriptional activation in response to estrogen stimulation. A central regulatory step in the control of the BRCA1 promoter is the eviction of the co-repressor and metabolic sensor C-terminal-binding protein1 (CtBP1). Loss of CtBP1 from the BRCA1 promoter induced by estrogen, CtBP1 RNAi depletion or increasing NAD+/NADH ratio results in elevated histone acetylation, HDAC1 dismissal from the BRCA1 promoter and increased BRCA1 transcription. Notably this level of regulation is lost in the absence of physiological chromatin structure at the BRCA1 promoter. These findings indicate that BRCA1 expression is controlled by a metabolic switch that dynamically influences the localized deposition of epigenetic marks and chromatin structure at the BRCA1 promoter and suggests that caloric intake may influence the levels of tumor suppressor function in mammary tissues.

Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1116.


ABSTRACT: To document mechanisms contributing to upper airway collapse, we compared the electromyographic activity of the genioglossus (GG) and diaphragm (DIA) during spontaneous mixed and obstructive apnea and during induced end-expiratory airway occlusion in 11 premature infants. In addition to ventilation and esophageal pressure measurements, we obtained DIA and GG electromyograms (EMG) from subcostal and sublingual surface electrodes, respectively. Amplitude of the DIA EMG and the frequency of occurrence of the GG EMG were determined for:1) the breath preceding apnea or occlusion, 2) the initial and last obstructed inspiratory efforts, and 5) the first breath at resolution of both apnea and occlusion. During spontaneous apnea with airway obstruction amplitude of the DIA, EMG decreased on the initial obstructed inspiratory effort and did not exceed that of the breath preceding apnea until reestablishment of flow. In contrast, during end-expiratory airway occlusion, the amplitude of the DIA EMG increased both during and at release of occlusion. In 18 ± 6% of the spontaneous apneic episodes, GG EMG was present with the breath preceding apnea and this frequency did not increase significantly until resolution of the apnea. During induced airway occlusion, GG EMG was not present with the breath preceding occlusion but its frequency did increase to 58 ± 8 and 42 ± 8% with the last occluded inspiratory effort and the first breath after release of occlusion, respectively. The decreased presence of the GG EMG from the last occluded effort to the breath at release of occlusion (58 ± 8 versus 42 ± 8%, p<0.05) was probably due to the greater mechanoreceptormediated inhibition associated with reestablishment of flow. This study thus demonstrates markedly different respiratory muscle responses to spontaneously occurring obstructed inspiratory efforts during apnea as compared to experimentally induced airway occlusion in preterm infants.


A 3-year experiment designed to quantify the spatial and temporal utilization patterns of range sites by beef cattle on summer foothill range was conducted on the Wick Brothers Management Unit of the Wyoming Game and Fish Commission, 8 km w. of Arlington, Wyo. The grazing seasons, in replicate pastures, were from 15 July-9 August, 15 June-26 July, and 15 June-2 August in 1980, 1981, and 1982, respectively. Daily observations were made of radio-telemetry collared cattle (3 per pasture). Cattle dispersion was constrained by the spatial distribution of water and slope. Across 3 seasons, 77% of observed use was within 366 m of water. Approximately 65% of the land area was beyond 723 m from water and sustained only 12% of observed use. Cattle concentrated use (79%) on slopes less than 7%. Consequently 35% of the area, on or surrounded by slopes > 10%, received only 7% of observed use. Loamy, grazable woodland and wetland/subirrigated range sites were most preferred and accounted for over 65% of observed use while occupying less than 35% of the land area. Overall, coarse upland, very shallow and shallow loamy sites were not preferred; however, site preference varied as areas further from water were utilized. Observed use was significantly (P < 0.10) correlated (r 0.41 to 0.69) with standing crop and crude protein standing crop over various growth form characteristics of the forage component. Associated stepwise regression models accounted for 44 to 73% of the variation in observed use over the 1982 grazing season. As the forage complex became more similar, in terms of standing crop and crude protein content, significantly less (P < 0.05) variation in use was accounted for by the forage variables (0-37%).


To wake up every day with some kind of body pain or stiff muscles is a common occurrence as one grows older. This can be attributed to a variety of conditions; some are related to an increase in age, while others may have a more sinister cause. It is therefore always important to consult a doctor, should you be suffering from muscle, bone or joint pain, regardless of the intensity, location and duration of the episode.


The scope of end-of-life communication is not well known among nephrology advanced practice nurses (APNs). Guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior, the study aimed to examine the independent effects of knowledge, attitude, and perceived behavioral control on the engagement of APNs in end-of-life communication and the mediating and moderating effects of attitude and perceived behavioral control on the relationships between knowledge and end-of-life communication. A theoretically derived 17-item survey measuring the concepts was administered to a convenience sample of 127 APNs. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and multiple linear regression were employed. Attitudes and perceived behavioral control on end-of-life communication mediated and moderated the relationship between knowledge of end-of-life communication and engagement in end-of-life communication among nephrology APNs.


Two central problems in Stochastic Optimization are Min Sum Set Cover and Pandora's Box. In Pandora's Box, we are presented with $n$ boxes, each containing an unknown value and the goal is to open the boxes in some order to minimize the sum of the search cost and the smallest value found. Given a distribution of value vectors, we are asked to identify a near-optimal search order. Min Sum Set Cover corresponds to the case where values are either 0 or infinity. In this work, we study the case where the value vectors are not drawn from a distribution but are presented to a learner in an online fashion. We present a computationally efficient algorithm that is constant-competitive against the cost of the optimal search order. We extend our results to a bandit setting where only the values of the boxes opened are revealed to the learner after every round. We also generalize our results to other commonly studied variants of Pandora's Box and Min Sum Set Cover that involve selecting more than a single value subject to a matroid constraint.


For pt.I see ibid., vol.3, no.4, p.1670-5, 1988. The design of power system stabilizers using an optimal reduced-order model whose state variables are torque angles and speeds is examined. Two systems, a one machine-infinite bus system and a multimachine system, are considered. A controller, which is a linear feedback of these variables only and hence accounts for the realities and constraints of electrical power systems is designed based on the reduced-order model. The results obtained with the study systems demonstrate that the proposed controller is very effective. >


Abstract 512 Ribosomal protein mutations are common in patients with Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA), who have red cell aplasia and craniofacial abnormalities, and rps14 deficiency has been linked to 5q- myelodysplastic syndrome. We have characterized a zebrafish mutant in rps29, a ribosomal protein in the small subunit. Rps29 −/− embryos have hematopoietic and endothelial defects, including decreased hematopoietic stem cells, defects in hemoglobinization, and decreased staining of vessel markers. Heads of mutant embryos are also morphologically affected, with increased apoptosis. Consistent with other models of DBA, knockdown of p53 completely rescues the rps29 hematopoietic and apoptotic phenotypes. We wanted to identify chemicals that could rescue the rps29 mutant phenotype. Using 600 compounds from known bioactive libraries, we performed an in vivo chemical screen for rescue of the rps29 apoptotic and endothelial defects. Treatment with one compound, A-3, improved the morphology of the apoptotic embryo head. A-3 is an inhibitor of calmodulin, which interacts with a host of calmodulin-dependent enzymes and can bind to other proteins in the cell, including p21. W-7, another calmodulin inhibitor related to A-3, can rescue the endothelial defect in the rps29 mutant. Calmodulin inhibition in rps29 mutant embryos rescues the hemoglobin defect. Furthermore, structurally unrelated chemicals that inhibit calmodulin rescue the endothelial defect. We hypothesized that calmodulin inhibition was affecting some part of the p53 pathway. We tested whether A-3 had an effect on the phenotype in vitro in a cancer cell line where shRNA knockdown of RPS19 has been shown to stabilize p53 and induce p21. When rps19 is knocked down in A549 cells, treatment with calmodulin inhibitors resulted in a decrease of p21 protein, as measured by flow cytometry, although p53 protein levels were stable. This effect was also observed in primary human cord blood-derived CD34 + hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. In situ immunofluorescence in A549s further revealed that nuclear localization of p53 and p21 upon RPS19 knockdown was disrupted by chemical treatment. Calmodulin inhibitors also rescue ribosomal protein deficiency-mediated erythroid defects both in vitro and in vivo . When RPS19 is knocked down in CD34 + cells, there is a defect in erythroid differentiation. Treatment with calmodulin inhibitors rescued production of CD71 + cells upon differentiation. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the use of calmodulin inhibitors as a novel approach for mediating p53 activation upon ribosomal protein knockdown, thereby rescuing the erythroid defects of ribosomal deficiency. Our data suggests that small molecules that inhibit calmodulin may be effective therapies for patients with ribosomal deficiency. Disclosures: Ebert: Celgene: Consultancy; Genoptix: Consultancy. Zon: Fate Therapeutics: Founder Other.


During the menopausal transition, women experience significant increases in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) subclasses found to be related to greater carotid intima-media thickness levels and coronary artery calcification prevalence. Whether these changes could better predict future risk of hard cardiovascular disease events beyond LDL-C remains a research question to address. Abstract Objective Perimenopausal women experience a steep increase in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) that is related to a higher risk of carotid plaque later in life. Low-density lipoprotein subclasses have been linked to cardiovascular diseases beyond LDL-C, promising a better risk stratification. We aim to characterize changes in LDL subclasses and assess their associations with presence of coronary artery calcium (CAC score ≥10) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) over the menopausal transition (MT) and by menopause stage. Methods Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy LDL subclasses were measured for a maximum of five time points. Coronary artery calcification and cIMT were measured for a maximum of two time points. LOESS (locally weighted regression with scatter smoothing) plots, linear mixed-effects models, and generalized estimating equations were used for analyses. Results The study included 471 women (baseline: age, 50.2 ± 2.7 years; 79.0% premenopausal/early perimenopausal), of whom 221 had data on CAC or cIMT. Low-density lipoprotein subclasses increased over the MT, whereas intermediate density-lipoprotein particles declined. In adjusted models, higher total LDL particles (LDL-P) and apolipoprotein B were associated with greater CAC prevalence and greater cIMT. Although none of the associations were modified by menopause stage, higher LDL-C, apolipoprotein B, and total LDL-P were associated with greater cIMT during the perimenopause or postmenopause stages, whereas higher LDL-C and small LDL-P were associated with greater CAC prevalence, mainly during perimenopause. Conclusions During the MT, women experience significant increases in LDL subclasses found to be related to greater cIMT levels and CAC prevalence. Whether these changes could better predict future risk of hard cardiovascular disease events beyond LDL-C remains a research question to address.


The diagnostic index is a most valuable tool when using a hospital's records for research purposes. This paper describes an attempt to produce such an index suitable for use in a busy psychiatric hospital. It was felt that priority should be given to simplicity and ease of use, as otherwise few of those concerned would have been able to spare the time needed for its preparation. Later an attempt was made to assess its reliability in use at two hospitals.


For years, I struggled with the presentation of the category of "Middle East" to my students at Howard University, a historically black college. Like many of their professors, my students did not consider North Africa to be part of Africa. The reason was simple: the study of the continent was bifurcated between two fields, African and Middle East studies. African studies focused on sub-Saharan Africa; North Africa was the purview of Middle East studies.


Bilateral transection of the lateral fimbria, which disrupts partially the septo-hippocampal projections and results in partial hippocampal denervation, produced a significant increase in the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in the hippocampus. An increase occurred already 0.5 h after the operation and the activity remained intensified for at least 22 h after injury. The enzyme response was enhanced by a single dose of GM1 monosialoganglioside (30 mg/kg) administered directly after the operation. This enhancement, detected 2 h after the injury, persisted for at least 22 h after the operation. Lack of influence of GM1 ganglioside on ODC activity in the hippocampus of unlesioned animals allows us to ascribe the observed effect to the processes induced by the lesion. This study confirms the involvement of ODC in GM1 ganglioside neurotrophic effects produced in an injured brain.


In this theoretical review, the general characteristics and criteria for diagnosis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAT) are analyzed, in particular, the psychopathological perspective. The following is taken into account: the contributions of several research groups, the impact of their conclusions after the publication of the fourth version of DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2000), the epidemiologic data and cognitive and somatic variables associated to this disorder. Palabras clave


Current evidence favours the hypothesis that avian muscle fibre-type differentiation is intrinsically programmed during early embryogenesis and proceeds independent of neuronal influences (for review, Miller & Stockdale, 1987; Sanes, 1987). Previous interspecific (chick/quail) and intraspecific (chick/chick) chimaeric studies, involving the heterotopic transplantation of unsegmented somitic mesoderm, indicate that the ability of premyogenic cells to form specific limb muscles is determined by positional cues operative in the host embryo. To determine if similar influences are associated with embryonic fibre-type differentiation, the limb musculature of intraspecific (chick/chick) chimaeras was assessed using differential myosin-ATPase activity. The limb musculature analysed histochemically was derived from donor unsegmented thoracic somitic mesoderm transplanted to replace extirpated brachial somites of a host embryo at 48–52h in ovo. Our results demonstrated that (1) the donor tissue formed, on schedule, an appropriate brachial musculature and (2) the experimental muscles duplicated the fibre- type patterning characteristic of control muscles. Thus, our data suggest that an extramyogenic, non-neural factor(s) operative in the host limb-forming region is associated with both muscle pattern formation and muscle fibre-type pattern formation. Whether or not the same putative factor(s) influences both processes remains to be determined.


The European Far-Infrared (FIR) Space Roadmap focuses on fundamental, yet still unresolved, astrophysical questions that can only be answered through a far-infrared space mission and gives an overview of the technology required to answer them. The document discusses topics ranging from Solar System and Planet Formation, Our Galaxy and nearby Galaxies and Distant Galaxies and Galaxy Evolution. The FIR Roadmap was open to comments from the wider astronomical community following a presentation during EWASS 2016.


We conducted direct numerical simulations of turbulent flow over three-dimensional sinusoidal roughness in a channel. A passive scalar is present in the flow with Prandtl number $Pr=0.7$ , to study heat transfer by forced convection over this rough surface. The minimal-span channel is used to circumvent the high cost of simulating high-Reynolds-number flows, which enables a range of rough surfaces to be efficiently simulated. The near-wall temperature profile in the minimal-span channel agrees well with that of the conventional full-span channel, indicating that it can be readily used for heat-transfer studies at a much reduced cost compared to conventional direct numerical simulation. As the roughness Reynolds number, $k^{+}$ , is increased, the Hama roughness function, $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}U^{+}$ , increases in the transitionally rough regime before tending towards the fully rough asymptote of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}_{m}^{-1}\log (k^{+})+C$ , where $C$ is a constant that depends on the particular roughness geometry and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}_{m}\approx 0.4$ is the von Kármán constant. In this fully rough regime, the skin-friction coefficient is constant with bulk Reynolds number, $Re_{b}$ . Meanwhile, the temperature difference between smooth- and rough-wall flows, $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E9}^{+}$ , appears to tend towards a constant value, $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E9}_{FR}^{+}$ . This corresponds to the Stanton number (the temperature analogue of the skin-friction coefficient) monotonically decreasing with $Re_{b}$ in the fully rough regime. Using shifted logarithmic velocity and temperature profiles, the heat-transfer law as described by the Stanton number in the fully rough regime can be derived once both the equivalent sand-grain roughness $k_{s}/k$ and the temperature difference $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E9}_{FR}^{+}$ are known. In meteorology, this corresponds to the ratio of momentum and heat-transfer roughness lengths, $z_{0m}/z_{0h}$ , being linearly proportional to the inner-normalised momentum roughness length, $z_{0m}^{+}$ , where the constant of proportionality is related to $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E9}_{FR}^{+}$ . While Reynolds analogy, or similarity between momentum and heat transfer, breaks down for the bulk skin-friction and heat-transfer coefficients, similar distribution patterns between the heat flux and viscous component of the wall shear stress are observed. Instantaneous visualisations of the temperature field show a thin thermal diffusive sublayer following the roughness geometry in the fully rough regime, resembling the viscous sublayer of a contorted smooth wall.


The main purpose of locating schemes are to position parts. The locating scheme utilizes tooling elements, referred to as locators, to introduce geometric constraints. A rigid part is uniquely positioned when it is brought into contact with the locators. By using kinematic analysis we derive a quadratic sensitivity equation that relates position error in locators with the resulting displacement of the part held by the locating scheme. The sensitivity equation which depends on the locator positions and the workpiece geometry around the contact points can be used for locating scheme evaluation, robust fixture design, tolerancing and diagnosis. The quadratic sensitivity equation derived in this paper is novel by adequate dealing with locator contact at nonprismatic surfaces, nonsmall errors, locator error interaction effects and locator errors in arbitrary directions. Theory for comparing the relative gain in precision by using the quadratic sensitivity equation instead of the linear is developed. The practical relevance of the quadratic sensitivity equation is tested through numerical experiments.


I his "Editor's Note," Greg Ruggiero describes this book as an exciting and most timely way to reintroduce Angela Davis and Frederick Douglass together as "two of the most important abolitionist intellectuals in U. S. history." Many younger readers will be familiar with Douglass's role in the mid-nineteenth century as a leader of the movement to abolish African American chattel slavery, but some may be puzzled by the reference to Davis as a twenty-first-century "abolitionist." What, they may wonder, is she trying to abolish? Just as Douglass was dedicated to abolishing the institution that imprisoned him and his people, Davis is dedicated to abolishing the institution that imprisoned her and still imprisons millions of Americans, mostly people of color: the modern American prison system. This volume suggests how these two heroic figures embody a continuum of struggle for freedom, from the America of the slave plantation through the America of the prison-industrial complex. A mainly rural society with a political economy based on slavery, the America of the 1840s was also a hodgepodge of ex-colonies with no sense of a national literature and a kind of cultural inferiority complex in relation to England and Europe. But then came the discovery that the United States was actually contributing a new genre to world literature: the slave narrative. As the Reverend Ephraim Peabody put it in 1849: "America has the mournful honor of adding a new department to the literature of civilization—the autobiographies of escaped slaves." Preeminent among the hundreds of these works was the 1845 Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, Written by Himself. Douglass went on to become a major figure in nineteenthcentury American life and letters. But during the 1940s and 1950s, Frederick Douglass was expunged from the pages of American literary history. Even as late as the 1970s, despite his growing rediscovery in the 1960s, the multi-volume standard Bibliography of American Literature listed none of his works and his name did not even appear in the 1,555 pages of the 1974 fourth edition of the standard Literary History of the United States, which devoted three chapters to the literature produced in the South through the Civil War, all by white men. Today, however, the 1845 Narrative is available in dozens of editions and formats, not to mention SparkNotes and CliffsNotes. What brought Douglass back to us? One of the lasting achievements of the liberation movements that emerged in the 1960s was the rediscovery of their antecedents and reconnection with these historic struggles for freedom, which had been wiped from memory by Cold War culture and politics. When Angela Davis in 1969 was denounced as a communist and fired from her appointment in the philosophy department of UCLA, the responses showed how far we had marched from the swamps of the 1950s. As Ruggerio describes, Davis fought back, with vast support from UCLA colleagues and students: "In an act of resistance, she showed up for the first day of her course, 'Recurring Philosophical Themes in Black Literature.' Expecting to deliver a lecture to the 166 students who had enrolled in the class, she instead found more than 1,500 members of the UCLA student body and faculty." Her lecture that day and in the next meeting of the course were about the profound significance and contemporary relevance of Frederick Douglass's writing. In the present volume these two historic lectures by Davis form both an apt introduction to the Douglass Narrative and an electrifying connection between the struggles of two epochs.


Title of Thesis: EXPRESSION OF RECOMBINANT PROTEINS IN THE METHANE-PRODUCING ARCHAEON METHANOSARCINA ACETIVORANS Sheridan Rose MacAuley, Master of Science, 2005 Directed By: Professor Kevin R. Sowers, Marine-EstuarineEnvironmental Sciences Recombinant protein expression is a necessary tool for the investigation of proteins in the post-genomic era. While many systems exist for recombinant protein expression in organisms of the eukaryotic and eubacterial domains, few to none are available in the Archaea. A recombinant protein expression system using the methanogenic archaeon Methanosarcina acetivorans was developed which uses the highly regulated cdh promoter and allows expression of recombinant protein with optional 6xHis protein fusions to facilitate rapid purification. A protocol for high-density mass cultivation of M. acetivorans in a stainless steel bioreactor configured as a pHauxostat was developed. The cdh promoter and alternate promoters were analyzed in attempt to enhance expression of recombinant proteins. The protein expression system was tested on several proteins: the Methanocaldococcus jannaschii prolyl tRNA synthetase, the M. acetivorans prolyl tRNA synthetase, the Methanosarcina thermophila carbonic anhydrase, and the Dehalococcoides ethenogenes tricholorethylene dehalogenase.