Current study was conducted at The University of Haripur, to evaluate the effects of salinity on four brinjal cultivars Shamli, Black Nagina, Adventa 306 and Twinkle star. Experiment was laid out in CRD with two factors i.e. brinjal cultivars and salinity levels. Okra cultivars were subjected to four different levels of NaCl salinity i.e. control, 100mMol, 200mMol and 300mMol. Results revealed that brinjal cultivar Twinkle star exhibits maximum values of Fresh weight (59g) and Dry weight (8.79g), Plant height (50.66cm), Chlorophyll content (0.032mg/g), Proline content (165.08μg/g), and K ion concentration (54.8mg/g), under low to moderate salinity. Hence from this experiment it can be recommended that Twinkle star should be used under saline soil conditions in order to reduce toxic effects of salinity on growth of Brinjal plants.


The present study is a literature review of 37 empirical studies from Greece and internationally of the last decade and aims at investigating the contribution of learner self-assessment to: a. enhancement of learning motivation, b. improvement of academic performance/learning, c. development of self-regulating learning and d. raise of self-esteem. According to the findings, enhancement of learning motivation as an outcome of learner self-assessment process has been identified in Greek Higher education, in Secondary education in Physics and in Primary education in English, whereas internationally has been identified in Secondary education in English and Physical education. In Greece, improvement of academic performance/learning as an outcome of learner self-assessment has been found in Higher education, in Secondary education in Physics and in Primary education in English, whereas internationally at all levels of education, in almost all subjects of Secondary education and in Primary education in Language Arts, English and Mathematics. Development of self-regulating learning has been identified in Higher education in Greece and internationally, whereas in Secondary education in Geography and Geometry only internationally. Furthermore, raise of student's self-esteem as an outcome of self-assessment has been found internationally, in Secondary education in Religious education and in Greek Primary education in English language learning. Moreover, self-assessment process has also been examined internationally in non-formal education where English is taught as a second language with positive outcomes in performance/learning. Finally, self-assessment is implemented through various practices and tools such as rubrics, checklist, scripts, think boards, reflective journals, mind maps and in combination with learning or teaching models.


Block copolymers remain one of the most extensively studied and utilized classes of macromolecules due to their extraordinary abilities to (i) self-assemble spontaneously into a wide variety of soft nanostructures and (ii) reduce the interfacial tension between, and thus compatibilize, immiscible polymer pairs. In bilayered thin-film laminates of immiscible homopolymers, block copolymers are similarly envisaged to stabilize such laminates. Contrary to intuition, we demonstrate that highly asymmetric block copolymers can conversely destabilize a laminate, as discerned from macroscopic dewetting behavior, due to dynamic competition between copolymer self-organization away from and enrichment at the bilayer interface. The mechanism of this counterintuitive destabilization is interrogated through complementary analysis of laminates containing mixtures of stabilizing/destabilizing diblock copolymers and time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau computer simulations. This combination of experiments and simulations reveals a systematic progression of supramolecular-level events that establish the relative importance of molecular aggregation and lateral interfacial structuring in a highly nonequilibrium environment.


Today the operative treatment of the carcinoma of the stomach is methodically mature. The prognosis is determined from the moment of the extension of the tumour. The establishment of the operability and of the tactical operative approach presumes an exact preoperative determination of the stage of the tumour using all possible diagnostic methods. While X-ray examination of the stomach and gastroscopy seize only the extension of the area of the tumour, the laparoscopy gives the possibility of an evidence of the deep growth of the tumour and metastasizing of the tumour and saves a test laparotomy for inoperable patients. A continuous interdisciplinary cooperation renders possible an immediate admission of the patient to a surgical clinic.


In recent decades, for the pressure of the environmental legislations, the economical interesting and the conscious of environment, many producers have to take their products back after used. The product tack back (PTB) program would bring economic burden to the producers, while many of the returned products have economic value and could be remanufactured to satisfy the market demand. Inventory management is an essential area in the remanufacturing process. In this paper, we extend the traditional EOQ model to a stochastic EOQ inventory model for product remanufacture. We assume that the return is an independent Poisson process and derive the exact expression of expected average total cost under this strategy. By means of numerical simulation, we find the optimal control parameter under different situation and investigate the effects of different cost parameters on costs.


Propanil (3,4-DCPA)-induced alterations of macrophage function Irina V. Ustyugova The pesticide 3,4-dichloropropionanilide (propanil or alternatively, DCPA) is a postemergent herbicide predominantly used for the control of weeds on commercial rice crops worldwide. The US Environmental Protection Agency report on "Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage in 2001" ranked propanil as the 17 most used herbicide in the US. It is applied on the fields via groundboom sprayers or aerial equipment suppressing photosynthesis and carbon fixation of a growing plant. The primary target of herbicide exposure is personnel working in the manufacturing and application who are required to wear personal protective equipment to minimize the exposure. The common routes of this exposure are inhalational and dermal, and to a lesser extent, oral. A number of toxic side effects are induced by propanil include hemolytic anemia, methemoglobinemia, and myelotoxicity. The majority of current knowledge about propanil's toxic effects comes from animal studies. Liver and spleen were found to be the primary target organs, with many cell populations of the immune system affected, including T and B lymphocytes, NK cells and macrophages. Macrophages play essential roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses. They recognize and destroy pathogens through phagocytosis and generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). Macrophages can also function as antigen presenting cells in the initiation of an adaptive immune response and secrete a number of cytokines and inflammatory mediators thereby modulating the immune reaction at the inflamed site. Previous studies have demonstrated that propanil was able to suppress interleukin (IL)1β, IL-6 and TNF-α cytokine production by LPS-activated murine macrophages. The analysis of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), responsible for TNF-α production, detected a decreased nuclear localization of NF-κB accompanied by a reduced, but not entirely abrogated binding to DNA activity. The first study of this dissertation demonstrated the ability of propanil to inhibit TNF-α production by LPS-stimulated human monocytic cells line and suppress phagocytosis of fluorescent beads and Listeria monocytogenes. The ability to directly kill this bacterium and produce ROS and RNS was also assessed. The results demonstrate that DCPA has profound effects on macrophage function, and provide insight into the potential mechanisms of immunosuppression by DCPA. The second study focused on the mechanism of dramatic suppression of an inflammatory mediator secreted by activated macrophages, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Enzymatic activity and expression level of the proteins involved in PGE2 production were studied. However, the exact mechanism of propanil's action is still unknown. The third study describes a novel behavior on NF-κB, called oscillations, in continuously LPS-stimulated macrophages. Binding activity of NF-κB was studied by two independent methods, and a mathematical model describing the oscillatory behavior was created based on experimental data. It demonstrated that propanil exposure potentiated the NF-κB activation process changing the oscillation behavior which could influence the transcription activity of the NF-κB-inducible genes. Taken together our findings indicate that propanil exposure affects a number of important macrophage functions, such as phagocytosis, ROS and RNS production and inflammatory mediator's secretion. Our studies also demonstrated a potential mechanism for the inhibition of


Electrochemical oxidation of α- and β-diastereomers of a range of steroid hormone receptor marker chromium tricarbonyl complexes, (steroid)Cr(CO)3, have been examined at platinum electrodes in dichloromethane. Data confirm the general nature of previously published conclusions on the oxidation of (arene)Cr(CO)3 complexes (arene = benzene or steroid). That is, with 0.1 M Bu4NPF6 as the electrolyte, and in the absence of nucleophiles, a reversible oneelectron process, (steroid)Cr(CO)3 ⇌ [(steroid)Cr(CO)3]+ + e−, is observed, followed by an irreversible one-electron process at considerably more positive potentials. The reversible half-wave potentials (approximately E°-values) calculated for the [(steroid)Cr(CO)3]+/(steroid)Cr(CO)3 redox couple are shown to be dependent on whether the α- or β-diastereomer is oxidized. Similarly the rate of nucleophilic attack on the 17-electron cation [(steroid)Cr(CO)3]+ by nucleophiles such as ClO, PPh3 and bis(diphenylphosphine)methane confirms a previous observation that the stereochemistry of this class of compound is important with respect to redox, kinetic and hormone receptor properties. The nature of the electrochemical data obtained on the (arene)Cr(CO)3 complexes in the presence of nucleophiles suggests that reactions associated with the nucleophilic attack on the 17-electron cations are complex and that a range of reaction pathways occur simultaneously. Electrochemical studies on the oxidation of (benzene)Cr(CO)2PPh3 and (oestradiol)Cr(CO)2PPh3 confirm some aspects of the proposed mechanisms, although it is clear that a great deal still has to be learned concerning mechanistic aspects of nucleophilic attack on these 17-electron complexes.


Abstract. Surface soil moisture content is highly variable in both space and time. Remote sensing can provide an effective methodology for mapping surface moisture content over large areas but ground based measurements are required to test its reliability and to calibrate retrieval algorithms. Recently, we had the opportunity to design and perform an experiment aimed at jointly acquiring measurements of surface soil water content at various locations and remotely sensed hyperspectral data. The area selected for the experiment is located in central Umbria and it extends for 90km2. For the area, detailed lithological and multi-temporal landslide inventory maps were available. We identified eight plots where measurements of soil water content were made using a Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR). The plots range in size from 100m2 to 600m2, and cover a variety of topographic and morphological settings. The TDR measurements were conducted during four days, on 5 April, 15 April, 2 May and 3 May 2004. On 3 May the NERC airborne CASI 2 acquired the hyperspectral data. Preliminary analysis concerning the matching between the landslides and the soil moisture were reported. Statistical and geostatistical analysis investigating the spatial-temporal soil moisture distribution were performed. These results will be compared with the data of surface temperature obtained from the remotely sensed hyperspectral sensor.


Background: The restoration of non-carious cervical lesions in geriatric patients is a demanding process. Glass ionomer cements can be promising materials for the management of these lesions in older adults. The aim of this literature review is to present the benefits of glass ionomers and how they can be used for the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions of older adults depending on the geriatric patient's profile. Data sources: All available in vitro and in vivo studies from Google Scholar, PubMed and Scopus search engines corresponding to glass ionomer cements, geriatric dentistry, elderly patients, and non-carious lesions as key words were reviewed. Data synthesis: The advantages of glass ionomer cements, such as good retention and fluoride release, make them suitable for the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions. However, several factors related to the geriatric patient's profile determine the most suitable material type. Conclusion: In general, the resin modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs) appear to be preferred, but under certain circumstances the use of the conventional product is more appropriate, despite its poorer mechanical features. Further studies are required for more reliable data analysis and clinical interpretation of the relevant results.


This is the first book to analyse urban social relations in the eastern Roman Empire through the perspective of one elite family. From the late first to the mid-third century CE, the Vedii and their descendants were magistrates, priests and priestesses of local and imperial cults, and presided over Ephesos' many religious festivals. They were also public benefactors, paying for the construction of public buildings for the pleasure of fellow citizens. This study examines the material evidence of their activities - the buildings with their epigraphic and decorative programs – to show how members of the family created monuments to enhance their own and their family's prestige. It also discusses the inscriptions of the honorific statue monuments raised by the city and its sub-groups for the family in return for their benefactions, arguing that these reflect the community's values and interests as much as they commemorate the benefactors and their families.


This paper deals with a new approach based on Q-learning for solving the problem of mobile robot path planning in complex unknown static environments. As a computational approach to learning through interaction with the environment, reinforcement learning algorithms have been widely used for intelligent robot control, especially in the field of autonomous mobile robots. However, the learning process is slow and cumbersome. For practical applications, rapid rates of convergence are required. Aiming at the problem of slow convergence and long learning time for Q-learning based mobile robot path planning, a state-chain sequential feedback Q-learning algorithm is proposed for quickly searching for the optimal path of mobile robots in complex unknown static environments. The state chain is built during the searching process. After one action is chosen and the reward is received, the Q-values of the state-action pairs on the previously built state chain are sequentially updated with one-step Q-learning. With the increasing number of Q-values updated after one action, the number of actual steps for convergence decreases and thus, the learning time decreases, where a step is a state transition. Extensive simulations validate the efficiency of the newly proposed approach for mobile robot path planning in complex environments. The results show that the new approach has a high convergence speed and that the robot can find the collision-free optimal path in complex unknown static environments with much shorter time, compared with the one-step Q-learning algorithm and the Q(λ)-learning algorithm.


The purpose of this research is to knowing the role of asset management in an attempt to managing financial independence and optimizing economic activities in Masjid Al-Akbar Surabaya. This research uses qualitative method with descriptive case study, while collecting the data uses purposive technique to specify the informan. The data used in this research is obtained by semi-structured interview, observation, and documentation. This research also uses triangulation techinique in checking the data validation. Triangulation is an examination technique which enables to use one or two another sources for validation or verification. The result of this research showing that asset management of Masjid Al-Akbar has been operated in accordance with asset management's functions which is including planning, organizing, implementing, and controling which then result in financial indepedence of Masjid Al-Akbar Surabaya.


Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (LADH) from Trypanosoma cruzi was inactivated by treatment with myeloperoxidase (MPO)-dependent systems. With MPO/H2O2/NaCl, LADH lipoamide reductase and diaphorase activities significantly decreased as a function of incubation time. Iodide, bromide, thiocyanide and chloride effectively supplemented the MPO/H2O2 system, KI and NaCl being the most and the least effective supplements, respectively. LADH inactivation by MPO/H2O2/NaCl and by NaOCl was similarly prevented by thiol compounds such as GSH, L-cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, penicillamine and N-(2-mercaptopropionyl-glycine) in agreement with the role of HOCl in LADH inactivation by MPO/H2O2/NaCl. LADH was also inactivated by MPO/NADH/halide, MPO/H2O2/NaNO2 and MPO/NADH/NaNO2 systems. Catalase prevented the action of the NADH-dependent systems, thus supporting H2O2 production by NADH-supplemented LADH. MPO inhibitors (4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide, and isoniazid), GSH, L-cysteine, L-methionine and L-tryptophan prevented LADH inactivation by MPO/H2O2/NaNO2. Other MPO systems inactivating LADH were (a) MPO/H2O2/chlorpromazine; (b) MPO/H2O2/monophenolic systems, including L-tyrosine, serotonin and acetaminophen and (c) MPO/H2O2/di- and polyphenolic systems, including norepinephrine, catechol, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin and catechin. Comparison of the above effects and those previously reported with pig myocardial LADH indicates that both enzymes were similarly affected by the MPO-dependent systems, allowance being made for T. cruzi LADH diaphorase inactivation and the greater sensitivity of its LADH lipoamide reductase activity towards the MPO/H2O2/NaCl system and NaOCl.


We have used polymerase chain reaction (PCR), an amplification procedure, and oligonucleotide hybridization to detect ras gene point mutations in DNA from melanoma tumor samples. Genomic DNA was examined from 40 specimens of melanotic lesions, including benign nevi, primary melanomas, lymph node metastases, and systemic metastases. Adjacent normal skin or peripheral blood was analyzed as control material in 28 cases. ras mutations were detected overall in 25% of malignant tumors. In addition, mutations of all three ras genes were detected. We observed ras mutations in 2 of 4 benign atypical nevi (2 X K12), 4 of 22 primary melanomas (3 X K12, 1 X H12, 1 X N61), and 4 of 14 secondary (5 X K12, 1 X N61) tumors. One with a primary melanoma had concurrent K12 and H12, and two patients with secondary tumors had concurrent K12/N61 and K12 Asp/K12 Val mutations, respectively, making a total of 10 of 40 (25%) patients with ras mutations. This is the first demonstration of K-ras mutations in human melanoma. The presence of K-ras mutations in nevi, putative melanoma precursors, suggests that ras activation may be an early event in melanoma development. No correlation between tumor thickness and the presence of a ras mutation was observed.


Tensions between the EU's legal order and the international investment law regime are not exclusive to the Brexit era, but they certainly gained momentum in the aftermath of this referendum. By incautiously declaring that the UK will remain a party to the Unified Patent System regardless of Brexit, the British government arguably shaped (il)legitimate expectations on the part of investors who aimed at exploiting their intellectual property rights in the UK while benefitting from the judicial protection of the forthcoming Unified Patent Court as much as of the European institutions (and market) as a whole. Indeed, not only the System itself will undergo a process of major rebalancing after London's departure from the EU, but more importantly, the UK will most probably be unable to retain its membership in the System after the actual delivery of Brexit. These complications trigger a wide spectrum of fundamental dilemmas investing the definition and scope of concepts such as unilateral declaration, indirect expropriation, reasonable expectation, estoppel, and public policy exception, under both EU law and international investment law. It is therefore essential to explore these intersections as to anticipate possible scenarios in the event of both domestic court and international arbitral claims lodged by patent investors pre- and post-Brexit, having due regard for competition concerns on the side of the EU, yet referring to recent Canadian case law which opened the gate to investor-State claims in the field of intellectual property.


The objective of this study is to analyse how certain factors may influence satisfaction derived from the positive effects of implementing the EN 9100 Standard in the Spanish aerospace industry. A multiple linear regression model has been created, which includes data gathered from 115 valid questionnaires received from companies in this industry. The results of this model show that the length of time since first adhering to the EN 9100 Standard, the predominant motivation (internal or external) driving the implementation of the standard and the level of satisfaction with the prior implementation of ISO 9001 are significant variables that affect the level of satisfaction with EN 9100; whereas the size of the company is not a significant factor.


Discrete choice models normally represent the utility values of a finite set of mutually exclusive and exhaustive choice alternatives in terms of an expected value and an error. Strong assumptions are introduced on the error term. A different approach is sketched here. We assume that each member of a population of decision makers has a utility function, and that these functions can be scaled to have the same 0 and 1 values. Starting with a uniform distribution over the set of such utility functions, we apply probabilistic inversion techniques to acquire a distribution over the set of utility functions which optimally complies with discrete choice data. More generally, we may have some model explaining the discrete choice, where the parameters of the model are distributed over the population of actors. Probabilistic inversion finds an optimal distribution over the model parameters, given a starting distribution.


This study identified regions of the Brazilian coast that present more adequate temperature conditions for the cage culture of cobia ( Rachycentron canadum ). A survey of sea surface temperatures (SST) along the coast (up to the 200 m isobath) used data from the Aqua/NASA satellite. Water temperature classes that affect the development of cobia and may lead to changes in physiological activities, especially related to feed intake, growth, and mortality, were established, according to the literature. Cobia is able to grow at temperatures between 19 and 32 oC, but the range considered optimum for growth was 27–29 oC. The coastal area stretching from eastern Para to the north of Bahia was considered to have the most suitable temperature conditions for commercial aquaculture of cobia. The coastline encompassing the state of Amapa to the west of Para, and the whole coast of the southeast region presented SSTs above or below the range considered optimum for the growth of cobia, respectively. In the southern coast of Brazil, the commercial farming of cobia may not be feasible due to the low SST during most of the year.


Peciña and Berridge (2005; J Neurosci 25:11777–11786) observed that an injection of the μ‐opioid receptor agonist DAMGO (D‐ala2‐N‐Me‐Phe4‐Glycol5‐enkephalin) into the rostrodorsal part of the accumbens shell (rdAcbSh) enhances expression of hedonic "liking" responses to the taste of an appetitive sucrose solution. Insofar as the connections of this hedonic "hotspot" were not singled out for special attention in the earlier neuroanatomical literature, we undertook to examine them. We observed that the patterns of inputs and outputs of the rdAcbSh are not qualitatively different from those of the rest of the Acb, except that outputs from the rdAcbSh to the lateral preoptic area and anterior and lateral hypothalamic areas are anomalously robust and overlap extensively with those of the lateral septum. We also detected reciprocal interconnections between the rdAcbSh and lateral septum. Whether and how these connections subserve hedonic impact remains to be learned, but these observations lead us to hypothesize that the rdAcbSh represents a basal forebrain transition area, in the sense that it is invaded by neurons of the lateral septum, or possibly transitional neuronal forms sharing properties of both structures. We note that the proposed transition zone between lateral septum and rdAcbSh would be but one of many in the basal forebrain and conclude by reiterating the longstanding argument that the transitional nature of such boundary areas has functional importance, of which the precise nature will remain elusive until the neurophysiological and neuropharmacological implications of such zones of transition are more generally acknowledged and better addressed. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:50–68, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Fluctuations of the economic activity in transport result from the operation of many factors of a demand and supply nature in all sectors of the economy. These factors determine both the common and specific characteristics of such fluctuations. The aim of this paper is not only to examine the morphological features of cyclical fluctuations on the transport market in Poland and selected countries of the European Union, but also the degree of their synchronization. The latter can be understood in the external context (between fluctuations in the transport production of various countries), but also in the internal one, where the subject of comparisons are fluctuations in transport and basic macroeconomic variables. The properties of business fluctuations will be examined by classical procedures for the separation of cyclical components and the detection of their turning points.


INTRODUCTION
Adipose derived Stem Cells (ASCs) have been proven to play a key role in tissue regeneration. However, exposure to large amounts of cigarette smoke can drastically diminish their function. Erythropoetin (EPO), can modulate cellular response to injury. Therefore, we investigated the ability of EPO to restore the regenerative function and differentiation capacity of ASCs.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Human ASCs were isolated from abdominoplasty samples using standard isolation procedures. Cell identity was established by means of Fluorescence Activated Cell Scanning. Subsequently, isolated ASCs were cultivated with cigarette smoke extract both with and without EPO. Parameters investigated included - cellular metabolic activity, adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation capacity, and in vitro wound closure capacity. For further enhancing wound closure, EPO was combined with Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) or Stromal Derived Factor-1 alpha (SDF-1 a).

RESULTS
Cigarette smoke reduces adipogenic differentiation, the osteogenic differentiation capacity as well as the in vitro wound healing ability of human derived ASCs. EPO did not change metabolic activity of ASCs significantly. The addition of EPO could partially restore their function. The combination of EPO with GM-CSF or SDF-1did not result in a synergistic effect regarding wound healing ability.

CONCLUSION
Exposure to cigarette smoke significantly reduced the regenerative potential of ASCs. Treatment of ASCs exposed to cigarette smoke with EPO has the potential to partially restore their function.


Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is the largest application software that increasingly being adopted by Higher Learning Institutions (HLI) both private and public institutions in developing countries. However, there is high rate of failures of ERP system implementation in higher learning institutions specifically in the strategies of integration with other information systems like Student Management System (SMS), human resource management and Accounting information systems for the purpose of enhancing financial management. Thus, this study aimed at enhancing the ERP system adoption in higher learning institutions with a special attention to government training institutions in Tanzania. Initially information was collected through literature review; primary data was gathered through structured questionnaires received from a total of 40 respondents working with Tanzania Institute of Accountancy (TIA) which implement ERP system (Epicor). The study revealed several factors that slow the process of implementing ERP system at HLIs. These factors are; lack of technical awareness about the system, user of the system are not involved in the system requirements, top management support, ERP system implementations strategies, IT-infrastructure and experience in IT adoption process. Furthermore, it is found that phased adoption strategy is more suitable approach for adopting new ERP system in the government training institutions environment. Similarly the study revealed that ERP system plays important role in enhancing financial management in HLIs. Conclusively, the study proposed the integrated ERP system implementation framework using phased approach to suite the government higher training institutions environment. Keywords: ERP system, Government training institutions, adoption strategy


Cyclo-Gly-Pro (CGP) attenuates nociception, however its effects on salivary glands remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the acute effects of CGP on salivary flow and composition, and on the submandibular gland composition, compared with morphine. Besides, we characterized the effects of naloxone (a non-selective opioid receptor antagonist) on CGP- and morphine-induced salivary and glandular alterations in mice. After that, in silico analyses were performed to predict the interaction between CGP and opioid receptors. Morphine and CGP significantly reduced salivary flow and total protein concentration of saliva and naloxone restored them to the physiological levels. Morphine and CGP also reduced several infrared vibrational modes (Amide I, 1687-1594cm-1; Amide II, 1594-1494cm-1; CH2/CH3, 1488-1433cm-1; C = O, 1432-1365cm-1; PO2 asymmetric, 1290-1185cm-1; PO2 symmetric, 1135-999cm-1) and naloxone reverted these alterations. The in silico docking analysis demonstrated the interaction of polar contacts between the CGP and opioid receptor Cys219 residue. Altogether, we showed that salivary hypofunction and glandular changes elicited by CGP may occur through opioid receptor suggesting that the blockage of opioid receptors in superior cervical and submandibular ganglions may be a possible strategy to restore salivary secretion while maintaining antinociceptive action due its effects on the central nervous system.


As companies attempt to cope with an economic downturn and the United States fights a war on terrorism, many wonder whether the long-term health of the US economy will be undermined. The answer depends on what happens to the productivity growth rate--the main determinant of how fast the economy can grow. At issue is whether the near doubling of US productivity growth rates during the late 1990s, from 1.4 percent (1972-95) to 2.5 percent (1995-2000), can continue. Our yearlong research (1) indicates that many of the product, service, and process innovations underlying the productivity acceleration of the late 1990s will continue to generate productivity growth rates above the 1972-95 trend for the next several years, although probably not as high as those of 1995 to 1999. Higher productivity, in turn, will boost economic growth. Surprisingly, the primary source of the productivity gains of 1995 to 1999 was not increased demand resulting from the stock market bubble, as some economists have claimed. Nor was information technology the source, though companies accelerated the pace of their IT investments during those years. (2) Rather, managerial and technological innovations in only six highly competitive industries-wholesale trade, retail trade, securities, semiconductors, computer manufacturing, and telecommunications-were the most important causes (Exhibit 1). (3) The other 70 percent of the economy contributed a mix of small productivity gains and losses that offset each other. In addition, cyclical demand factors were important in some parts of the economy. It is not unusual, we found, for only a small number of sectors to experience a productivity jump during any four-year period. But in the late 1990s, these six sectors, departing from the norm, either enjoyed extremely large leaps in productivity (for instance, semiconductors and computer manufacturing) or accounted for a large share of employment (retail and wholesale). At the national level, the relationship between IT spending and productivity is unclear. Many sectors other than the six jumping ones increased their pace of IT investment but experienced stagnant or even slower productivity growth (Exhibit 2). We found an inconclusive correlation between the acceleration of IT investments and changes in productivity growth. In fact, taken as a group, the other 53 economic sectors had almost no productivity growth. The challenge, then, was to understand what caused the productivity acceleration in the six key sectors. We did a detailed study of these sectors, as well as three others that invested heavily in IT but failed to boost productivity--hotels, long-distance data telephony, and retail banking. Explaining the 1995 productivity acceleration Within the six jumping sectors, the most important cause of the productivity acceleration after 1995 was fundamental changes in the way companies deliver products and services. Sometimes these innovations were aided by technology (whether new or old), sometimes not. In all six sectors, high or increasing competitive intensity was essential to the spread of innovation, and in two sectors, regulatory changes played an important role in raising that intensity. Cyclical demand factors and a shift in consumer purchasing patterns toward higher-value goods were important in explaining the acceleration of productivity in retail, wholesale, and securities. Structural factors: Competition and innovation The bulk of the acceleration in productivity after 1995 can be traced to managerial and technological innovations that improved the basic operations of companies. These innovations were structural and are likely to persist. Sometimes, the catalyst was a dominant player with a superior business model; other times, it was managers using new technology to redesign core operations. In general-merchandise retailing, productivity growth more than tripled after 1995 because competitors started more rapidly adopting Wal-Mart's innovations--including the large-scale ("big-box") format, "everyday low prices," economies of scale in warehouse logistics and purchasing, and electronic data interchange (EDI) with suppliers (see "Retail: The Wal-Mart effect," on page 40). …


The design of algorithms that can run unchanged yet efficiently on a variety of machines characterized by different degrees of parallelism and communication capabilities is a highly desirable goal. We propose a framework for network-obliviousness based on a model of computation where the only parameter is the problem's input size. Algorithms are then evaluated on a model with two parameters, capturing parallelism and granularity of communication. We show that, for a wide class of network-oblivious algorithms, optimality in the latter model implies optimality in a block-variant of the decomposable BSP model, which effectively describes a wide and significant class of parallel platforms. We illustrate our framework by providing optimal network-oblivious algorithms for a few key problems, and also establish some negative results.


The analysis takes a closer look at the options available to include non-economic issues in the provisions of something like an emerging eu model bit. The first part addresses some underlying reasons for the more recently visible policy shift in international investment law. The subsequent parts are devoted to a discussion of three different categories of regulatory means aimed at incorporating broader public interest concerns into the normative framework of investment agreements. In this connection, the second part provides some thoughts on respective indirect (interpretative) approaches. Subsequently, an assessment will be given of various regulatory options available to explicitly secure an appropriate policy space for host states based on so far rather uncommon stipulations in investment agreements. The fourth section discusses the competence of the treaty parties to exercise interpretative authority over their bits and the potential importance of this approach in the present context.


The events of recent past, especially the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks of the united states' Trade centre in New York and the pentagon Washington and the bomb blast of the Ikeja Military cantonment on Sunday January 27, 2002 where about a thousand people lost their lives as a result of panic is a sure reminder that panic behavior is still with us. panic is a type of collective behaviour which is the spontaneous, unstructured, transitory behaviour of a group of people reacting to a specific event. that is, a panic occurs when people react in fear an try to escape from a situation perceived as threatening. recently, a panic and mass hysteria occurred when the accident took place at the Ikeja Military Cantonments in Lagos. About a thousand people lost their lives and property worth millions of naira were damaged. This paper argues that the problem of panic behaviour has long been of practical and theoretical significance. It distinguished between panic in unorganized group and panic in organized groups. The paper recommends that the federal, state, and local governments in Nigeria should set up more efficient panic – oriented agencies. The agencies like the National Emergency Relief Agency and the Nigerian Red Cross are already there. It is recommended that the Federal government should adequately fund them to make them more efficient and efficacious.
(Global Journal of Social Sciences: 2003 2 (1): 15-20)


This study is concerned with the following characteristics of the vaccines: 1.) protecting power, 2.) rabies antigens and 3.) major polypeptide components. This study was performed on supernatants of tissue cultures and on concentrated and purified vaccines. Moreover, some cellular and serum contaminants, especially the proteins produced by BHK cells, as well as minor rabies proteins, were analysed in the viral solutions. Thus, it appears that all three types of vaccines have a similar protecting power (Number of 50% protective doses/micrograms viral protein).


Within the neighbourhood of the Sun, a number of highly evolved stars are carbonrich in the sense that they have more carbon than oxygen so their outer atmospheres contain molecules such as CN, CH and C2H2. These stars are cool with atmospheric temperatures near 3000 K and they are also luminous, typically 104 times more powerful than the Sun. The outer envelopes of these stars are tenuously bound, and they all are losing mass at a very high rate, in some cases more than 10-5 M@ a-1 (where M@ denotes the mass of the Sun). These high luminosity carbon stars remain in this phase for a time, very approximately, near 105 years. They exhibit a large amount of carbon in their atmospheres because the products of the nuclear burning that occurs in the very centre of the star, including the synthesis of carbon, appear on the surface. In the extended envelopes around these stars, there is a very active chemistry, and the gas is sufficiently cool that nucleation of solid dust grains occurs. These solid particles may grow to sizes as large as 1 pm although a more typical size is near 0.05 pm. We therefore can identify both relatively small carbon-bearing molecules (for example HC7N) and much larger carbon-containing dust grains in the outflows. The amount of intermediate size particles or molecules, such as C60, and their possible role in the circumstellar chemistry is not yet well understood. At least in the envelope of the well studied carbon star IRC +10216, there appears to be more carbon in CO and solid grains than in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.


Traditional knowledge is common and important among the tribal people but much of the information is empirical at best lacking logical validation. A number of ethnic communities residing in the study area are partially or fully dependent on the forest resources to meet their requirements. Plants have traditionally been used as a source of medicine in Cameroon since early times for the control of various ailments afflicting humans and their domestic animals. However, little work has been made in the past to properly document and promote that knowledge. Today medicinal plants and the associated knowledge in the country are threatened due to deforestation, environmental degradation and acculturation. The present study analyses traditional knowledge and utilization of 94 species belonging to 84 genera under 46 families in day-to-day life of ethnic communities in Douala region, Cameroon. The diverse ethnic communities such as Bamileke, Bassa, Beti, Haoussa, Douala, Bakoko, Bassolo, Ngumba, Dibom, Baya and Banen have a good association with plants and their potential role they use for different purposes and treatment of various ailments. The traditional knowledge on the utilization of these plants is widely accepted by the ethnic communities.


Background:
 Over 17.2% of the U.S. population primarily speaks a language other than English at home. Limited-English proficiency (LEP) may negatively impact patients, yet its influence on stroke patients' receipt of thrombolysis remains unknown.

 Objectives:
 To evaluate the influence of LEP on acute ischemic stroke patients' receipt of thrombolysis.

 Methods:
 We analyzed data from 3,894 acute ischemic stroke patients who participated in "Get With The Guidelines - Stroke" at Massachusetts General Hospital 1/1/2003-4/30/2014. Information included patients' language in which they preferred to receive medical care; those who identified a language other than English were considered to have LEP. We performed descriptive statistics and stepwise logistic regression models to examine associations between patients' LEP status and the use of IV tPA, adjusting for relevant covariates.

 Results:
 A total of 307/3894 (9.3%) acute ischemic stroke patients met LEP criteria, representing 25 different languages [Table 1]. Multivariable analyses showed that patients with LEP were more likely than English-speaking patients to receive IV tPA when adjusting for socioeconomic factors (OR=1.64, CI=1.09-2.48, p=0.02). Models that also incorporated patients' age, sex, and initial NIHSS did not find a statistically-significant effect for LEP on patients' receipt of IV tPA but highlighted that patients' NIHSS seemed to be the driving force of IV tPA receipt (OR=1.15; CI=1.13-1.16; p<0.001) [Table 2].

 Conclusion:
 Contrary to our hypothesis, acute ischemic stroke patients with LEP were more likely to receive IV tPA than English-speaking patients; this seemed to be driven by their worse stroke severity.


Six months old brown hare was presented at the Surgery Clinic for evaluation of a right forelimb third grade lameness. Full physical examination, blood samples for complete blood count, and serum biochemistry were performed. Radiographic examination from anteroposterior and lateral views confirmed a old, closed, complete, non-comminuted, transverse fracture in the middle part of right radius and ulna. Fracture repair in the brown hare is a similar to those in cats and dogs. Stabilization of fractures with bone plates and screws are the most popular methods of fracture fixation. Osteosynthesis was performed by 2.0, 8-hole stainless steel Synthes dynamic compression plate, DCP (Synthes Holding AG, 4500 Solothurn, Switzerland) placed on radius in neutral position to achieve anatomical repositioning of fragments and to restore normal biological function of the limb. Surgical procedure was performed within 45 minutes in order to reduce residence in a hospital environment, which hares generally find stressful. The fracture was assessed as clinically stable in the 5th day postoperatively and the animal was weightbearing on it's forelimb. Osteosynthesis of hare radius using DCP plate 2.0 is a good method of fixation and healing fractures. After performing full clinical examination and bloodwork, controled and modulated anaesthesia and analgesia, it is possible to perform osteosynthesis with excellent outcome and also a good way to preserve fragile wildlife.


Stem borer (Chilo partellus Swinhoe) is the most important pest of sorghum. Progress has been made in developing borer-resistant breeding lines with moderate yield and acceptable grain quality. Sorghum variety, ICSV 700, has high levels of stem borer resistance across several seasons and locations. Borer resistance is a quantitatively inherited trait governed by additive and nonadditive genes. Epistatic gene effects are more pronounced under artificial borer infestation. Cytoplasmic effects appear to be present.


Domain generalization (DG) seeks to learn robust models that generalize well under unknown distribution shifts. As a critical aspect of DG, optimizer selection has not been explored in depth. Currently, most DG methods follow the widely used benchmark, DomainBed, and utilize Adam as the default optimizer for all datasets. However, we reveal that Adam is not necessarily the optimal choice for the majority of current DG methods and datasets. Based on the perspective of loss landscape flatness, we propose a novel approach, Flatness-Aware Minimization for Domain Generalization (FAD), which can efficiently optimize both zeroth-order and first-order flatness simultaneously for DG. We provide theoretical analyses of the FAD's out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization error and convergence. Our experimental results demonstrate the superiority of FAD on various DG datasets. Additionally, we confirm that FAD is capable of discovering flatter optima in comparison to other zeroth-order and first-order flatness-aware optimization methods.


Hazard or Harmless Fun? Injuries Caused by Fireworks -Study at the University Emergency Department (2013-2019) Abstract. Fireworks are often used to celebrate national, cultural or religious events. Despite strict regulations, fireworks are repeatedly causing accidents. The risk for injuries increases with the incautious use of pyrotechnic articles. This study analyzed injuries caused by fireworks with admittance to the Emergency Department of the University Hospital in Bern between 2013 and 2019. The results were compared with existing literature.

METHOD
We conducted a retrospective study based on data from the Emergency Department of the University Hospital in Bern between January 1st 2013 and December 31st 2019. Among others, the following parameters were analyzed: gender, age, type of injury and therapy.

RESULTS
We were able to include 59 patients in our study. 81.4 % were men, the mean age was 31 years (range 16-73; SD = 11.3). In a majority of all cases (83.6 %) the ears, eyes and face were affected. Most injuries were monotraumatic, only 6.8 % of all patients suffered from injuries on multiple body regions. A total of nine patients had to be hospitalised due to serious injuries. Of these, one injury concerned the eyes, the remaining eight injuries concerned the hands. Only these eight patients required surgical treatment of their injuries.

CONCLUSION
Fireworks are associated with a substantial risk for injuries, especially when used uncautiously. Our study showed that serious injuries mainly affect the hands. To prevent such injuries, systematic data collection on injuries caused by fireworks would be necessary, as many injured patients are hospitalised in smaller, peripheral hospitals or not at all. These data would allow for the development of more comprehensive and detailed prevention strategies that could prevent fireworks injuries.


The book introduces the TypeScript language and its features to anyone looking to develop rich web applications. Whether you are new to web development or are an experienced engineer with strong JavaScript skills, this book will get you writing code quickly. A basic understanding of JavaScript and its language features are necessary for this book.


Augmented Reality is a technology that allows overlaid digital content into our view of the real world through the camera of a Smartphone or a tablet. Video, audio, 2D and 3D images, web and text are just some examples of the type of content that can be overlaid on our perception of the real world. This content can be associated with real world elements by means of geolocation or image recognition. Such technology has great engagement potential and is used in many fields to augment the users' perception of the world. Cultural heritage is one of the fields that could benefit more from this technology. This paper describes how augmented reality has been used in an educational context in order to support learning for cultural heritage students. The students taking part in this experience built landscape units in several locations in Catalonia and augmented them with digital information, creating digital Points of Interest distributed throughout Catalonia and Spain. These Points of Interest, which constitute a mix of digital and real world information, were then published through an augmented reality browser, making them freely available to the public. Today there are more than 5,000 freely available Points of Interest that have been created by the students. The results of the experiment show that students appreciate the use of augmented reality in this particular context and find it useful both from a pedagogical and a technological point of view.


Component-based software development (CBD) is a methodology that has been embraced by the software industry to accelerate development, save costs and timelines, minimize testing requirements, and boost quality and output. Compared to the conventional software development approach, this led to the system's development being completed more quickly. By choosing components, identifying systems, and evaluating those systems, CBSE contributes significantly to the software development process. The objective of CBSE is to codify and standardize all disciplines that support CBD-related operations. Analysis of the comparison between component-based and scripting technologies reveals that, in terms of qualitative performance, component-based technologies scale more effectively. Further study and application of CBSE are directly related to the CBD approach's success. This paper explores the introductory concepts and comparative analysis related to component-based software engineering which have been around for a while, but proper adaption of CBSE are still lacking issues are also focused.


This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in the government tertiary care hospital in Male', Maldives. The main objective of this study was to ascertain the relationship between independent variables and nursing performance and to identify the factors which may predict nursing performance. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaire and total of 238 registered nurses participated in this study. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression were used for data analysis. The results show that overall task performance as perceived by nurses were at higher level and overall contextual performance were at moderate level. There were correlations between nursing performance and self-efficacy (p<.01), collective efficacy (p<.01). The optimism and competency significantly predicted nurse job performance (p<.01), as did commitment (p<.05), Social support (p<.01) and job autonomy and decision making (p<.05). It is recommended that hospital administration and nursing administration to formulate interventions to improve nurses' optimism and competency, commitment, social support, job autonomy and decision making.


Equines are providing traction power and transport services, like pulling cart, packing and riding, at low cost in both rural and urban areas of Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Gondar city from November 2014 to April 2015 to assess major health problems and to investigate the economic contribution of cart horses to livelihood of the community. Cart horses were randomly selected from the study area. Observational study was also conducted and semi-structured questionnaire survey was administered to all cart horse owners. The study revealed that behavioral responses, skin coat and dental conditions were significantly associated with body condition and age of cart horses (p<0.05). Wound and musculoskeletal problem had no significant association with body condition and age of working horses. Young horses with good body conditions were more prone to wounds (75%) than the older horses with poor body conditions. The majority of the carthorse owners used their horses for transportation for long hours (> 8 hours) per a day, 5-6 days per week and loaded them 500-700 kg. The income in cash for the cart horse owners was recorded as 80-100 ETB per day. The current study indicated that the cart horse contribution to livelihood of communities is considerable. The working animals deserve better husbandry and veterinary care to sustain their contribution. We suggest a more detailed and systematic study be conducted in the study area to influence policy makers towards better regulation in animal welfare.
Keywords: Cart horses, Economic contribution, Gondar, Ethiopia.


Abstract The reactivity, oxygen fugacity, volatility, and wetting properties of tin complicate experimental work in tin-bearing systems. Open-graphite and vitreous-carbon crucibles may be used for preparing tin-rich glass starting materials. Such glasses are prepared by fusing mixtures of stannous oxalate with oxides, crushed rocks, or silicate gels. Decomposition of SnC2O4 into CO+CO2 and SnO provides a reducing atmosphere for the incorporation of Sn+2 into the silicate melt, while Sn+2 provides an effective flux. Such melts can incorporate Sn far in excess of any reasonable abundance of this element in natural silicate magmas. Experiments where constant bulk composition is required are best conducted in sealed crucibles because SnO is lost as gas. Evacuated silica tubes may be used for such purposes if saturation in SiO2 is desired; however, oxygen fugacity cannot be independently controlled. Rhenium metal is a useful crucible material for relatively reduced Sn-bearing experiments (below oxidation to ReO2), and the coexistence of metallic Sn and stannic oxide controls oxygen fugacity. Adverse mechanical properties inherent to Re, such as work-hardening and embrittlement, are addressed by the use of thick-walled capsules in the piston-cylinder apparatus. Such capsules behave elastically at temperatures of geological interest (~1100 °C), producing higher sample pressures than those provided by the surrounding solid media. These high sample pressures are found to partially relax in week-long experiments. Sealed graphite, sintered SnO2, and Re-foil capsules are plausible crucible materials for Sn-bearing experiments, but may only be used if their porosity and brittleness can be moderated


Abstract In spite of various cytogenetic works on suborder Heteroptera, the chromosome organization, function and its evolution in this group is far from being fully understood. Cytologically, the family Rhyparochromidae constitutes a heterogeneous group differing in chromosome numbers. This family possesses XY sex mechanism in the majority of the species with few exceptions. In the present work, multiple banding techniques viz., C-banding, base-specific fluorochromes (DAPI/CMA3) and silver nitrate staining have been used to cytologically characterize the chromosomes of the seed plant pest Elasmolomus (Aphanus) sordidus Fabricius, 1787 having 2n=12=8A+2m+XY. One pair of the autosomes was large while three others were of almost equal size. At diplotene, C-banding technique revealed, that three autosomal bivalents show terminal constitutive heterochromatic bands while one medium sized bivalent was euchromatic. Microchromosomes (m-chromosomes) were positively heteropycnotic. After DAPI and CMA3 staining, all the autosomal bivalents showed equal fluorescence, except CMA3 positive signals, observed at both telomeric heterochromatic regions of one medium sized autosomal bivalent. Silver nitrate staining further revealed that this chromosome pair carries Nucleolar Organizer Regions (NORs) at the location of CMA3 positive signals. The X chromosome showed a thick C-band, positive to both DAPI /CMA3 while Y, otherwise C-negative, was weakly positive to DAPI and negative to CMA3, m-chromosomes were DAPI bright and CMA3 dull.


In a double-blind study under strict, standardized hospital conditions, the antihypertensive effect of etozolin was evalulated in 100 patients with hypertension. 50 patients received the drug, 50 placebo. The study was carried out over 22 days (5 days without medication, 12 days therapy, 5 days follow-up). A significantly better reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the supine and upright positions was observed with etozolin as compared to the pre-period and the placebo group. There were only minor side-effects; in 4 patients, therapy had to be interrupted because of orthostatic complaints.


Background: Acquired brain injury (ABI) refers to any type of brain damage after birth.  ABI from either traumatic or non-traumatic origin is a leading cause of death and long-term disability globally.  The impact of an ABI can be cognitive and/ or physical, greatly affecting their ability to function independently.  With a lack of specialist inpatient rehabilitation facilities and services many of these survivors reside within the community either alone, with family or in residential facilities.  Up-to-date evidence is required to indicate which forms of community rehabilitation are most effective in improving cognitive and physical outcomes for survivors. This systematic review aims to explore the clinical effectiveness of community neuro-rehabilitation services for persons living with an ABI. Methods: A systematic review of relevant electronic databases will be undertaken to identify eligible published randomised controlled trials.  The PRISMA statement will be used to guide the systematic review.  From running the initial search, we aim to submit the paper for publishing within 6 months.  This process will be completed using Covidence software.  Two reviewers will independently screen the search results and select studies using pre-defined selection criteria, extract data from and assess risk of bias for selected studies.     Discussion: This systematic review will aim to explore the clinical effectiveness of community neuro-rehabilitation services for persons with an ABI.  It plans to review and synthesize the current best available evidence base. A goal of this study is to positively inform ongoing service development within a quality framework. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020148604 (26/02/2020)


Using microscopic particle image velocimetry, we examine the flow field around an oil droplet as it is formed by hydrodynamic focusing in an aqueous solution using a pressure-driven cross-channel microfluidic device. By detecting the temporal dependence of the instantaneous flow fields of the continuous phase in the dripping regime, we show that shear is not the primary mechanism that initiates droplet formation in our low flow rate and moderate capillary number experimental conditions. Instead, the advancing finger of oil partially and temporarily plugs the outlet channel, creating a pressure difference that builds up and is released when water from the side channels pushes the tip of the finger into the outlet channel, thereby facilitating the birth of the droplet by interfacial pinch-off that is primarily initiated by an extensional flow.


Abstract The Indonesian government provides an incentive to develop entrepreneurship to boost economic growth and to prepare for the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) by increasing the entrepreneurial intentions of the Indonesian people. One way to develop entrepreneurial intentions is to apply entrepreneurship education early on. The Singapore National Academy (SNA) is an international school that offers the Business subject from grades 9 12. SNA also offers another form of entrepreneurship education, which is the Enterprising co-curricular activity (CCA) that is more focused on projectbased learning. This study was conducted in SNA, which has students of various ethnic groups who mostly have parents with an entrepreneurial background. The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether personal attitude (PA), subjective norm (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC) affect the intention of entrepreneurship of students who are joining CCA Enterprising and students who are not joining CCA Enterprising in SNA. The sample consisted of 60 respondents, including 30 students of CCA Enterprising and 30 students who were not in CCA Enterprising, who were recruited using a saturated sampling technique. Based on the results of the discriminant analysis with the stepwise method, all variables (subjective norm, personal attitude and perceived behavioral control) affected the entrepreneurial intention of students who were joining CCA Enterprising compared with students who were not joining CCA Enterprising. There was a significant difference between the entrepreneurship intentions of those in CCA Enterprising compared with those who were not.


The ultrastructure of specialized sternal gland hairs from the brown antechinus Antechinus stuartii was studied using a scanning electron microscope. The centre of the sternal gland of male A. stuartii possesses short and stiff hairs that are capable of holding a large mass of lipids. The morphology of these hairs differs from those of the dorsal region of the same individual and sexual dimorphism is observed. The osmetrichia of the sternal gland region of male A. stuartii have flared and thickly packed cuticular scales. These scales differ morphologically from the large flattened conical scales of hair from the female sternal region and male dorsum. The surface of the osmetrichia is soaked with the red, oily secretion of the sternal gland, and the angled scales of the cortex have been modified into special ridged chambers which store the glandular secretions. We suggest that in A. stuartii the unique cuticular structural modifications may serve in the retention and delayed oxidation of olfactory cues at the time of breeding.


The authors previously proposed the sampled pattern matching (SPM) method to analyze inverse problems in magnetostatic fields. Because of current dipole angle subdivisions, the SPM method essentially requires considerable CPU time. In order to remove the current dipole angle subdivisions, the authors propose a formulation of the SPM method using cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems. Applications of this faster SPM method to the magnetocardiogram (MCG) and magnetoencephalogram (MEG) identify the heart defect and activated brain parts, respectively. >


We study energy detection based spectrum sensing of SU (Secondary User) in cognitive radios. Due to the time varying nature of wireless channels and PU (Primary User) activities, the SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio) at the SU receiver changes from slot to slot in a time-slotted system. Unlike the conventional energy detector which uses a fixed energy threshold for spectrum sensing, we dynamically adjust the energy threshold according to the SINR. By limiting the average interference to the PU within a target level, the objective is to maximize the SU's average rate using an optimized policy function, which formulates the threshold as a linear increasing function of the SINR. Simulation results show that the SU's average rate can be significantly improved using the optimized function for dynamic threshold control.


This paper aims to contribute to the literature on knowledge construction and knowledge sharing within the field of organizational communication. The research underlines the importance of exploring human learning contextually, descriptively, interpretively, and inductively. Through a participant‑observer methodological approach, the study contributes to the literature by introducing detrivialization as a strategy to explore 'participants' rhetoric related to their organizational procedures. The paper describes a case study that took place for 18 months in a cancer research lab in Belgium, where employees seemed unable to question several taken‑for‑granted practices. The present research primarily reveals the consequences of trivialization, when the rationale of essential organizational practices go unnoticed until observer‑participant challenges the status quo. Also, the study highlights the outcomes of the detrivialization approach, which triggers unprecedented knowledge. Finally, the paper introduces the (de)trivialization dynamic model, which can depict the consequences of opening black‑boxes in organizational contexts. This research is a new approach in organizational ethnomethodology, revisiting 'Garfinkel's (1967) breaching experiment to describe science in action. The suggested model offers a methodological approach for exploring trivialized organizational dynamics and challenging groupthink. Detrivialization is an opposite approach to trivialization, to offer a new debate topic to scholars aiming to conduct ethnographic research and discourse analysis in organizational communication.


Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are reported to increase plasma glucose levels in mice at specific doses. The production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is potentially the most important factor underlying the biological toxicity of TiO2 NPs but the underlying mechanisms are unclear at present. Data from genome‐wide analyses showed that TiO2 NPs induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ROS generation, leading to the inference that TiO2 NP‐induced ER stress contributes to enhancement of ROS in mice. Resveratrol (Res) effectively relieved TiO2 NP‐induced ER stress and ROS generation by ameliorating expression of a common set of activated genes for both processes, signifying that ER stress and ROS are closely related. TiO2 NP‐induced ER stress occurred earlier than ROS generation. Upon treatment with 4‐phenylbutyric acid to relieve ER stress, plasma glucose levels tended toward normal and TiO2 NP increased ROS production was inhibited. These results suggest that TiO2 NP‐induced ER stress promotes the generation of ROS, in turn, triggering increased plasma glucose levels in mice. In addition, Res that displays the ability to reduce ER stress presents a dietary polyphenol antioxidant that can effectively prevent the toxicological effects of TiO2 NPs on plasma glucose metabolism.


Micropolarization was already proved an effective method for restoring impaired brain functions and improving intracerebral processes in the absence of impairments. Combining stimulation methods is a promising approach: a combination of electrode positioning methods can increase the efficacy of the procedures and find application in various fields, from sports through machinery operation to support of operatives of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, etc. This study aimed to assess the effect of a single combined micropolarization procedure on the functional state of the autonomic nervous system and sensorimotor reactions of conventionally healthy individuals. It involved 31 people and relied on the methods enabling evaluation of sensorimotor reactions, cardiorhythmography with spectral analysis of heart rate variability and pupillary reflexes assessment. Volunteers underwent the combined micropolarization procedure once, the duration of the procedure was 40 minutes. The most effective combinations were transspinal plus transcranial micropolarization with positioning in the region of premotor cortex (short-term shift of the autonomic balance towards parasympathetic influence by 48.7%; optimization of the pupil recovery function by 26.4%; increase in interference immunity by 32.2%) and "solar" plus transcranial micropolarization in the area of the temporal zone of cerebral cortex (15.8% increase of the orthostatic test transition period ratio; 6.2% deceleration of the visual-motor reaction).


This paper proposes that utopian/dystopian writing should be understood as contributions to an ongoing discourse of the socially conceivable. After determining the utopian genre historically and establishing the relevance of Foucauldian discourse to the study of utopian/dystopian literature, the paper provides a discursive reading of Thomas More's Utopia, George Orwell's 1984, and Aldous Huxley's Brave New World. These readings explore both the discursive functions of each text, as well as the functions of discourse within each different social order portrayed; focusing attention to discourses of social roles, education, and history. In conclusion, the paper treats the three texts not as separate contributions to a genre, but as elements of a continuous discourse. Although unbalanced and evolving, the discourse serves to map the boundaries of the social imagination – the socially perfected conditions, or dystopic inversions, that can or 'should' be imagined; hope for restitution and possibility for societies gone horribly wrong; and the inevitable forces involved in encouraging progress or hindering it. Considered in this manner, three observations emerge. The discourse of utopia/dystopia place gender and sexuality as principal forces of social stability and suggests that their manipulation is essential to maintaining alternate social orders. By contrast, the role of race in social context can neither be completely acknowledged nor challenged within the classic, Eurocentric utopian/dystopian writings. Thus, race is reduced to the margins, establishing it as a 'normal,' almost trivial category. Finally, while the discourse proposes systemic understandings and critiques of alternative social orders, it offers only transient, individualistic accounts of resistance or social change. In this sense, while utopic/dystopic texts are often viewed as socially and politically engaging tracts, ultimately, the discourse serves to endorse the social and political status quo.


Carbon (C) fibers with electron emission enhancing cesium iodide (CsI) surface coatings are utilized as field emission cathodes and have been investigated as promising electron sources. Possible applications include not only High Power Microwave (HPM) devices, but also conventional microwave devices, x-ray tubes, and field emission displays [1]. Upon appropriate conditioning of the cathode to remove adsorbed water vapor, stable operation for more than one million pulses, little or no plasma formation, and low turn on E-fields, compared to un-coated C fibers, have been observed.


Gathering of novel information from the WWW constitutes a real challenge for artificial intelligence (AI) methods. Large search engines do not offer a satisfactory solution, their indexing cycle is long and they may offer a huge amount of documents. An AI-based link-highlighting procedure designed to assist surfing is studied here. It makes use of (i) 'experts', i.e. pretrained classifiers, forming the long-term memory of the system, (ii) relative values of experts and value estimation of documents based on recent choices of the users. Value estimation adapts fast and forms the short-term memory of the system. All experiments show that surfing based filtering can efficiently highlight 10-20% of the documents in about 5 steps, or less.


Introduction: Potato virus x (PVX) is one of the most devastating viruses in the fields of tobacco and no effective method to control the virus has been provided yet. Magnetism is known as one of the environmental stresses that can directly or indirectly affect the plants, especially plants under stress. The magnetic fields can have beneficial affects plants.
Materials and Methods: In the present study to investigate the effects of electromagnetic fields on PVX control, an experiment based on completely randomized design with eleven treatments (10, 50 and 90 mT in a period of 60, 90 and 120 minutes on tobacco seedlings infected with the virus and two control, and the other one is free from analog infected with the virus) in tobacco seedlings carried on six repeats.. After inoculation at the four-leaf stage and after 14 days, the amount of turbidity virus infection rate is calculated and then ensure equality of tobacco seedlings, where the electromagnetic device. 30 days after applying an electromagnetic field analysis of the results of ELISA test two samples were tested with antisera Chndhmsanh of PVX. The amount of salicylic acid and the enzyme phenylalanine ammonia in systemic acquired resistance and plant defense mechanisms are involved, the treatments were measured, for evaluation of HPLC as salicylic acid and phenylalanine ammonia-based assessment of trans-cinnamic acid was used.
Results and Discussion: Statistical analysis ELISA test results revealed that there is a significant difference between treatments 0/05. So that the treatment was a no pollution treatment and 11 who were infected but had not been exposed to the electromagnetic field had a significant difference compared to other treatments, among the treatments that were exposed to the electromagnetic field treatment 8 (100 mT, 120 minutes) showed the lowest OD in ELISA and later treatment 7 (50 mT and 60 minutes) was the lowest OD, the two treatments were observed in less than two OD. If the treatment number 11, OD (2/85) and in pollution-free treatment that was an OD (0/35) was observed. The OD also in other treatments were not exposed between 2.00 to 2.46 were visible. The results showed that the treatment 11 (infected control) actually infected treatment that has not been exposed, and treatment 8 is the most desirable treatment for a reduction in the OD, the difference in the OD are available 0/98. The results suggest that the electromagnetic field decreases the amount of OD in tobacco seedlings are infected with PVX. Researchers said electromagnetic field growth rate and the number of spores grown in three species are affected. In another study, it was found that the impact on dry and wet mycorrhiza. The electromagnetic field decreases witches' broom disease infected lemon trees that were probably due to the decline phytoplasmas in plant tissues. Another study on the antibacterial effects of electromagnetic fields on Serratia marcescens was conducted, which resulted in the inhibition of bacterial growth. The results of salicylic acid and PAL determine the tobacco crop treatments, there are significant differences in the level of 0/05. So that treatment (7) (50 mT, 60 min) the highest salicylic acid and treatment 1 (control non-infected) showed the lowest rates. Also, reviews PAL treatment and treatment (7) most (1) (see non-polluting) had the lowest. In fact, with the arrival of the pathogen to the host salicylic acid and phenylalanine ammonia will increase. But the electromagnetic stress in some treatments of both traits, from infected plants, should take over. However, some treatments less than 11 treatments (infection control) is (but treatment Salicylic acid (4) was less than healthy plant). Interestingly, in both treatments was the highest for both traits in treatments of 7, 6 and 5, respectively. Pre-plant treatments with salicylic acid caused a significant increase in the PAL activity, which indicates the role of these enzymes in plant defense mechanism, the researchers concluded that electromagnetic frequency is very low, possibly because of the resistance of tobacco to TMV and increased Ca2+ signaling pathway involving PAL and ODC hormones in plants.
Conclusions: Comparing results of ELISA plants that had been under different electromagnetic fields the survey showed that 11 infected untreated control treatment without exposure possession was the highest infection. While treatment 8 (100 mT and 120 minutes) and 7 (50 mT for 60 minutes) showed the least amount of turbidity virus. Also in measuring hormone salicylic acid and PAL significant difference between treatments in both studies showed that treatment trait No. 7 in both traits were seen as the highest value. These results suggest a positive effect in reducing turbidity electromagnetic virus, an increase of salicylic acid and phenylalanine ammonia enzymes, hormones and enzymes that are involved in plant defense mechanisms as well.


We propose GoldFinger, a new compact and fast-to-compute binary representation of datasets to approximate Jaccard's index. We illustrate the effectiveness of GoldFinger on the emblematic big data problem of K-Nearest-Neighbor (KNN) graph construction and show that GoldFinger can drastically accelerate a large range of existing KNN algorithms with little to no overhead. As a side effect, we also show that the compact representation of the data protects users' privacy for free by providing k-anonymity and l-diversity. Our extensive evaluation of the resulting approach on several realistic datasets shows that our approach delivers speedups of up to 78.9% compared to the use of raw data while only incurring a negligible to moderate loss in terms of KNN quality. To convey the practical value of such a scheme, we apply it to item recommendation and show that the loss in recommendation quality is negligible.


The increased frequency and severe consequences of risks in the cruise industry have attracted increasing attention from both academics and practitioners, especially after the 2012 'Costa Concordia' disaster and the 2020 coronavirus outbreak on the 'Diamond Princess'. Although the literature on risk studies associated with the cruise industry and supply-chain risk management is growing, the extant literature lacks a study to view risks in the cruise industry associated with the supply chain. This paper addresses this gap by reviewing the literature on risks related to the cruise industry and general supply-chain risks to create a framework of cruise supply-chain risks. Then, semi-structured interviews were conducted to validate the identified risks and explore potential undiscovered risks. A novel risk typology of the cruise supply chain was then built based on the literature review and the empirical study. This includes macro risks, safety, security, and health risks, information risks, and supply risks. This framework can be applied for the purpose of systematically identifying the risks and their impacts on the cruise supply chain. This paper contributes to the development of a comprehensive cruise supply-chain risk classification with a detailed explanation of each risk in the cruise supply chain, which can be used by stakeholders in the cruise industry to identify and measure the impact of each risk. Additionally, this paper provides avenues for future research by scholars interested in assessing and managing cruise supply-chain risks.


Measurements have been made of the energy balance of high-pressure sodium arcs in sapphire arc tubes under conditions of: (a) varying power from 200 to 600 W at a constant amalgam temperature of 700 degrees C; (b) varying amalgam temperature from 700 to 800 degrees C at a constant power of 400 W; and (c) varying mercury pressure from 0 to 1050 Torr at a constant power of 400 W and a sodium pressure of 65 Torr. Together with measurements of axis and wall temperatures, these results provide an excellent test of theoretical models. High radiation efficiency is favoured by high input power and mercury rich amalgam. The amalgam temperature hardly affects the radiation efficiency, despite a large change in arc temperature. A number of radiation processes which are individually insignificant contribute approximately=25% of the radiation and need to be included in model calculations. The infrared discharge continuum amounts to only 3-5% of the input power, but its origin remains a mystery.


In 1995 Penna introduced a simple model of biological aging. A modified Penna model has been demonstrated to exhibit behavior of real-life systems including catastrophic senescence in salmon and a mortality plateau at advanced ages. We present a general steady-state, analytic solution to the Penna model which is able to deal with arbitrary birth and survivability functions. This solution is employed to solve standard variant Penna models studied by simulation. Different Verhulst factors regulating both the birth rate and external death rate are considered.


Background The WHO protocol for the management of shock in children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is not supported by physiological evidence. In this study, we aimed to assess the effectiveness of the WHO treatment protocol in the management of shock in children with SAM. Methodology This cohort study included children aged 2-60 months with WHO-defined SAM and fulfilling the WHO criteria for identification of shock. The exclusion criteria included severe anemia (hemoglobin <4 g/dL), congenital anomalies, congenital heart defects, and chronic diseases. The WHO treatment protocol for the management of shock was used, and features of resolution of shock were assessed at eight and 24 hours. Oliguria was recorded at eight and 24 hours along with in-hospital mortality. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine predictors of mortality. Results Of 53 children, 40 (75.4%) were discharged and 13 (24.5%) expired. We observed significant resolution of features of shock at 24 hours compared to eight hours (35 (71.4%) vs. 10 (18.8%), p < 0.0001). Further analysis revealed a significant resolution of features of shock (p = 0.03) at 24 hours in both fluid-responsive (24 vs. 10) and fluid-refractory children (11 vs. 27) compared to eight hours. Multivariate analysis revealed that mechanical ventilation was positively related to death (odds ratio (OR) = 85, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 8.49, 860, p < 0.0001), and inotrope scores <20 (OR = 0.053, 95% CI = 0.004, 0.64, p = 0.021) and blood transfusion (OR = 0.025, 95% CI = 0.001, 0.61, p = 0.024) had favorable outcomes. Conclusions The WHO protocol for the management of shock in children with SAM is effective in fluid-responsive shock whereas evidence was inconclusive in fluid-refractory shock.


The Clergy of the Church of England Database, a project funded by the AHRB, began work in 1999 with the aim of constructing a relational database covering all clerical careers in the Church of England between 1540 and 1835. This article outlines the methodology and scope of the project before discussing some of the intellectual problems posed by the task of constructing a database that reflects the complexities of an irrational, pre-bureaucratic organisation. It also offers an insight into the potential of the completed database as a tool for investigating the largest profession of the early modern period.


The ritual of Anniwiyani drew the attention of scholars for more than eighty years, since its earliest publications. As its aim is not self-evident, various speculations and attempts were made during the years in order to try and comprehend it. The conventional explanations focused on the masculine-feminine dichotomy characterizing the ritual, as the background for its performance. The current paper sets forth a new interpretation, according to which the ritual actually aimed at treating a passive homosexual, in order to turn him into the active party in sexual relations.In light of this new perspective, the paper also seeks to assess the broader question of homosexuality in Hittite thought, as evident from several other textual sources.


During the Sediment Acoustics Experiment in 1999 (SAX99), the in Situ Sediment geoAcoustic Measurement System (ISSAMS), transmitting tone bursts containing an integer number of cycles, was used to measure the speed and attenuation of compressional waves in a weakly dispersive, medium-sand sediment in the Gulf of Mexico. ISSAMS was deployed at seven stations and operated mostly at a frequency of 38 kHz, but at two of the sites, a succession of pulses was transmitted with frequencies extending from 25 to 100 kHz, in 5-kHz increments, yielding the phase speed, the group speed and the attenuation as a function of frequency. An analysis of a tone-burst transmission in a dispersive medium illustrates that several subtle factors, including the narrow bandwidth of the source, along with dispersion and attenuation in the medium, have the potential for introducing significant errors into travel-time measurements. It is concluded that, in general, the timing is best performed between two receivers rather than between the source and a receiver, the difficulty in the latter case being that the output from a narrow-band source is not a replica of the input. A correlation applied to the arrivals at the two receivers yields the travel time, from which a good approximation to the group speed is immediately available. Alternatively, a Fourier decomposition yields the phase speed as a function of frequency, which would be an advantage in a highly dispersive medium. The two techniques return almost identical wave speeds when applied to the ISSAMS tone-burst data from the weakly dispersive SAX99 sediments: at 38 kHz, the mean wave speed from the six primary stations is 1778 m/s. Attenuation was also estimated from receiver-to-receiver travel paths, using three different techniques: the ratio of the mean-square values of the arrivals, the ratio of the Fourier magnitudes of the arrivals and transposition. All three methods yield similar results when applied to the SAX99 data, returning a mean attenuation from the six stations of 12 dB/m at 38 kHz, which is comparable with previously reported measurements of attenuation in marine sands. From the broadband measurements, between 25 and 100 kHz, the dispersion is found to be weak but detectable and the attenuation scales almost linearly with frequency, which corresponds to a nearly constant Q.


This study investigated whole‐brain dynamic lag pattern variations between neurotypical (NT) individuals and individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by applying a novel technique called dynamic lag analysis (DLA). The use of 3D magnetic resonance encephalography data with repetition time = 100 msec enables highly accurate analysis of the spread of activity between brain networks. Sixteen resting‐state networks (RSNs) with the highest spatial correlation between NT individuals (n = 20) and individuals with ASD (n = 20) were analyzed. The dynamic lag pattern variation between each RSN pair was investigated using DLA, which measures time lag variation between each RSN pair combination and statistically defines how these lag patterns are altered between ASD and NT groups. DLA analyses indicated that 10.8% of the 120 RSN pairs had statistically significant (P‐value <0.003) dynamic lag pattern differences that survived correction with surrogate data thresholding. Alterations in lag patterns were concentrated in salience, executive, visual, and default‐mode networks, supporting earlier findings of impaired brain connectivity in these regions in ASD. 92.3% and 84.6% of the significant RSN pairs revealed shorter mean and median temporal lags in ASD versus NT, respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that altered lag patterns indicating atypical spread of activity between large‐scale functional brain networks may contribute to the ASD phenotype. Autism Res 2020, 13: 244–258. © 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The Wishart Formation of the Labrador trough (early Proterozoic) End_Page 992------------------------------ is a high-energy, terrigenous shelf deposit. Chert is a minor but widespread component of the Wishart and occurs in three main forms: (1) interstitial cements consisting of a mosaic of fine quartz crystals; (2) thin layers and lenses of very fine-grained chert lutite with finely disseminated impurities; and (3) peloids to flat pebbles of fine-grained chert lutite. The clasts of chert lutite are clearly intraformational; they are closely associated with and texturally identical to the in-situ chert layers. Chert cements are also found in intraclasts. All of the chert types are restricted to a few thin intervals which form good marker beds, and none show any signs of replacement. These observations indicate the cherts are primary siliceous deposits. Based on their textures and the sedim ntary structures in which they are found, the cements must have formed as rigid precipitates; the lutites as mud-like, slack-water accumulations; and the peloids to pebbles as rip-up clasts. The silica was probably hydrothermal in origin because the stratigraphic distribution of the chert is independent of facies and there is no evidence of basin restriction or evaporative conditions. The Fleming Formation, which lies directly beneath the Wishart, may have been the source of the postulated silica-rich hydrothermal waters. The Fleming consists mostly of brecciated and silicified rocks and an abundance of crystalline, void-filling quartz. The Wishart cherts offer proof that siliceous sediments and cements can accumulate rapidly in terrigenous marine environments. They provide an example of one mechanism for making the similar chert peloids which are abundant in early Proterozoic iron-formations. End_of_Article - Last_Page 993------------


Delinquent branches and loads remain key performance limiters in some applications. One approach to mitigate them is pre-execution. Broadly, there are two classes of pre-execution: one class repeatedly forks small helper threads, each targeting an individual dynamic instance of a delinquent branch or load; the other class begins with two redundant threads in a leader-follower arrangement, and speculatively reduces the leading thread. The objective of this paper is to design a new pre-execution microarchitecture that meets four criteria: (i) retains the simpler coordination of a leader-follower microarchitecture, (ii) is fully automated with just hardware, (iii) targets both branches and loads, (iv) and is effective. We review prior preexecution proposals and show that none of them meet all four criteria. We develop Slipstream 2.0 to meet all four criteria. The key innovation in the space of leader-follower architectures is to remove the forward control-flow slices of delinquent branches and loads, from the leading thread. This innovation overcomes key limitations in the only other hardware-only leader-follower prior works: Slipstream and Dual Core Execution (DCE). Slipstream removes backward slices of confident branches to pre-execute unconfident branches, which is ineffective in phases dominated by unconfident branches when branch pre-execution is most needed. DCE is very effective at tolerating cache-missed loads, unless their dependent branches are mispredicted. Removing forward control-flow slices of delinquent branches and delinquent loads enables two firsts, respectively: (1) leader-follower-style branch pre-execution without relying on confident instruction removal, and (2) tolerance of cache-missed loads that feed mispredicted branches. For SPEC 2006/2017 SimPoints wherein Slipstream 2.0 is auto-enabled, it achieves geomean speedups of 67%, 60%, and 12%, over baseline (one core), Slipstream, and DCE.


Atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation is facilitated by anatomical visualization of the left atrium (LA) and the pulmonary veins (PVs). Rotational angiography is a novel method for three-dimensional reconstruction of the LA and PVs during catheter ablation of AF. Pre-procedural CT/MRI images provide visualization of those structures and facilitate the integration with the electroanatomic mapping systems. However, there is a time lag to the actual procedure. Temporal change of the size and anatomical structure of the heart chamber might happen between the time periods of CT/MRI scanning and ablation. Rotational angiography provides the most real-time image for ablation procedure. The principal advantages of the rotational angiography are the accuracy of the left atrial anatomy because it is obtained immediately prior to the procedure and does not affect by the volume status of the patients. In addition, the radiation exposure of the rotational angiography is less than that of the conventional CT scanning. The drawback of the rotational angiography is the additional bolus of contrast agent, which may not be indicated in the patients with renal dysfunction or heart failure. In addition, adjustment of the image is required if there is patient movement. Despite those limitations, this three-dimensional real-time image is still a promising new method with comparable quality to a CT scan and can aid the AF ablation procedure.


The remodeling of cardiac tissues has been implicated in the development of congestive heart failure. Therefore, the current emphasis in cardiovascular research is geared toward understanding the underlying processes in order to facilitate the development of better prevention and treatment regimens by improving the early detection and diagnosis of this disease. This paper focuses on the application of polarized light to address a major drawback of cardiovascular biomechanics research, which is the utilization of toxic chemicals to prepare samples for histological examination. To accomplish this without the use of toxic chemicals, a polarization microscopy imaging technique was developed and applied to a non-stained rat septum sample. This imaging technique provided sufficient enhancement of collagenous structures to determine the myo-lamina sheet angle, β, without the need for caustic staining.


Host-compiled software simulation has become a popular method to accelerate iterative system-level design space explorations of multiprocessor systems-on-chip (MPSoCs) by abstracting the internal microarchitecture of cores. However, current approaches do not consider out-of-order processor architectures, which are emerging in the embedded system domain. Out-of-order processors exhibit complex timing behavior which is difficult to model at a high level of abstraction. In this paper, we improve the accuracy of compiled simulations for out-of-order processors. Our method is applied to binary-level compiled simulation of the target code. We discuss how to annotate timing in the target code and consider out-of-order effects at run-time of the compiled simulation. The proposed approach allows for reproducing the system-level timing behavior of an out-of-order processor observed in a cycle-accurate simulator on average 25× faster at an average error of 3%.


This paper uses a theory-based measure of productivity-based comparative advantage to examine the trade performance of developing Asian economies in manufacturing and services over the 1995–2011 period. We find that the growth in service exports was nearly as rapid as that in manufacturing over this period—a little-appreciated fact. Services are therefore an integral part of "Factory Asia.†Moreover, the results from a quantitative model of trade show that revealed productivity measures are often comparable between manufacturing and services at a disaggregated level, although the results differ markedly across sectors and economies. It also finds evidence of rapid growth in revealed productivity in some service subsectors, comparable to that in manufacturing. Our findings suggest that oversimplifying the relationship between patterns of specialization and subsequent economic transformation and growth patterns misses important elements of reality.


BACKGROUND
Teamwork and communication, characteristics learned through playing college sports, can precipitate a sense of wonder in the lived experiences of nursing students who played a college sport.

METHOD
A phenomenological study was conducted to understand the meaning of the collegiate roles of the nursing student and the student athlete. These roles carry different sets of responsibilities, social contacts, and physical and emotional demands. Thirteen practicing nurses who played a college sport during their nursing program were interviewed.

RESULTS
Data analysis revealed four essential themes that described the meaning of their experience: athletic identity, perseverance, advocates and adversaries, and belongingness. Results suggest participation in college sports creates a sense of belonging that assists in the transition into college.

CONCLUSION
Although nursing students may be deterred from coordinating academics and athletics, this study indicates it is possible and may even have benefits, both academically and during students' transition into practice. [J Nurs Educ. 2022;61(3):117-122.].