This study assessed the impact of Agricultural Services and Training Centre (ASTC) on tomato farmers' livelihood in Plateau State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used for this study. Firstly, a purposive sampling was used to select three Local Government Areas (LGA) out of each three senatorial zones and three villages from each LGAs while random and purposive sampling were used to select 206 participants in ASTC project and 206 non- participants, making a total sample size of 412 farmers in Plateau State. Questionnaire and interview schedule were used for data collection and analyzed with descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as chow test model. The result revealed 90% and 77% males of the participants and the non-participants respectively while the females were 10% and 23% participants and the non- participants respectively. Chow test model analysis indicated a positive mean on output F= 149.87), income, (F= 3.95) and level of living (F= 24.24) of the participants' farmers in ASTC project than the non-participant farmers in the project. The output, income and level of living difference were significant at 5% level of probability which means a significant difference in output, income and level of living of farmers participating in ASTC tomato production. It was concluded that ASTC project intervention had positive impact on tomato production and livelihood of participant farmers in the study area. The study therefore recommends that the existing cooperative society included in the ASTC project be sustained in order to consolidate the achievement of the participating farmers in the scheme. Keywords: Participation, Intervention, Livelihoods


The introduction of the euro was intended to integrate markets within Europe further, after the implementation of the 1992 Single Market Project. We examine the extent to which this objective has been achieved, by examining the degree of price dispersion between countries in the eurozone, compared to a control group of EU countries outside the eurozone. We also establish the role of exchange rate risk in hampering arbitrage by estimating the euro-effect for sub-groups within eurozone, utilising differences among EU countries in participating in the Exchange Rate Mechanism. Our results, in contrast with previous empirical research, suggest robustly that the euro has had a significant integrating effect.


The volume and proportion of overpressurized-low resistivity shale units in the middle and upper Cenozoic marine sediments of southern and offshore Louisiana increases basinward with increasing depositional water depths. Middle and outer neritic low resistivity shales form the bulk of the studied high pressure shales. A decrease in the "low": "normal" resistivity shale ratios in Pliocene and Pleistocene sections is probably due to extreme undercompaction, resulting from the lack of cohesion between shale particles.


Steve Riordan shares a few key takeaways from the event, and ideas for how we – both women and men – can continue to focus on advancing women in the retail industry.


A semiclassical approximation for an evolving density operator, driven by a "closed" hamiltonian operator and "open" markovian Lindblad operators, is obtained. The theory is based on the chord function, i.e. the Fourier transform of the Wigner function. It reduces to an exact solution of the Lindblad master equation in the case where the hamiltonian operator is a quadratic function and the Lindblad operators are linear functions of positions momenta. Initially, the semiclassical formulae for the case of hermitian Lindblad operators are reinterpreted in terms of a (real) double phase space, generated by an appropriate classical double Hamiltonian. Then, the general case of dissipative markovian evolution, that results from non-hermitian Lindblad operators, is incorporated semiclassically through an extra "open" term that is added to the double Hamiltonian. The particular case of generic hamiltonian operators, but linear dissipative Lindblad operators, is studied in more detail. A Liouville-type equivariance still holds for the corresponding classical evolution in double phase, but the centre subspace, which supports the Wigner function, is compressed, along with expansion of its conjugate subspace, which supports the chord function. Decoherence narrows the relevant region of double phase space to the neighborhood of a caustic for both the Wigner function and the chord function. This difficulty is avoided by a propagator in a mixed representation, so that a further "small-chord" approximation leads to a simple generalization of the quadratic theory for evolving Wigner functions. ‡ Corresponding author Semiclassical Evolution of Dissipative Markovian Systems 2


Prolongation of the duration of heart preservation in vitro is very important in clinical heart transplantation. Previous studies have shown that mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoK(ATP)) plays an important role in cardioprotective effect. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the mitoK(ATP) opener diazoxide as an additive to cardioplegia solution could enhance myocardial protection during long-term hypothermic preservation of the rat heart. Langendorff model of isolated rat heart was used. After 30 min stabilization of perfusion, the hearts were stored in Celsior cardioplegia solution at 4 degrees C with (15, 30 and 45 micromol/L) or without diazoxide, a mitoK(ATP) channel opener, for 10 h followed by 60 min reperfusion. The recovery of cardiac contractile function, myocardial enzyme leakage in the coronary effluent, and myocardial water content were determined. The myocardial ultrastructure was also observed. We found that: (1) Diazoxide treatment improved the recovery of left ventricular developed pressure and +/-dp/dt(max) dose-dependently. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was significantly lower in diazoxide-treated hearts than that of hearts in Celsior solution after hypothermic preservation for 10 h. (2) Diazoxide at 30 and 45 micromol/L significantly decreased the water content of myocardium and increased coronary flow of the hearts compared to those in control. (3) The leakage of myocardial enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase) in the coronary effluent was significantly reduced in diazoxide-treated hearts. (4) Impairment of myocardial ultrastructure after 10 h hypothermic preservation was alleviated in hearts treated with 30 micromol/L diazoxide. (5) The cardiac effects of 30 micromol/L diazoxide were attenuated by a mitoK(ATP) blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD, 100 micromol/L). These results indicate that diazoxide as a supplementation in cardioplegia solution could enhance myocardial protection during long-term hypothermic heart preservation via opening of mitochondrial K(ATP) channel.


The connection of microfluidic devices to the outer world by tubes and wires is an underestimated issue. We present methods based on 3D printing to realize microfluidic chip holders with reliable fluidic and electric connections. The chip holders are constructed by microstereolithography, an additive manufacturing technique with sub-millimeter resolution. The fluidic sealing between the chip and holder is achieved by placing O-rings, partly integrated into the 3D-printed structure. The electric connection of bonding pads located on microfluidic chips is realized by spring-probes fitted within the printed holder. Because there is no gluing or wire bonding necessary, it is easy to change the chip in the measurement setup. The spring probes and O-rings are aligned automatically because of their fixed position within the holder. In the case of bioanalysis applications such as cells, a limitation of 3D-printed objects is the leakage of cytotoxic residues from the printing material, cured resin. This was solved by coating the 3D-printed structures with parylene-C. The combination of silicon/glass microfluidic chips fabricated with highly-reliable clean-room technology and 3D-printed chip holders for the chip-to-world connection is a promising solution for applications where biocompatibility, optical transparency and accurate sample handling must be assured. 3D printing technology for such applications will eventually arise, enabling the fabrication of complete microfluidic devices.


Rhodamine B is a textile dye compounds containing chlorine (Cl-), alkylating (CH3-CH3), Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) which activate the enzyme cytochrome P-450 as well as the structure of quinone which is very redox that leads to the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). ROS increases induce apoptosis of the intrinsic pathway. The imbalance ratio between BAX and BCL-2 stimulates apoptosis in Hippocampus tissue. "The selected design was "the post test only control group" using twenty-eight Wistar female Rattus norvegicus mouse age of 10-12 weeks. There was a significant difference (p-value <0.05) of total BCL-2 expression between the control group to the treatment group. Correlation coefficient of 0.945 indicates that the level of the relationship/ correlation is very strong category. Increasing doses of Rhodamine B was given, accompanied by the decrease in the expression of BCL-2. Correlation coefficient of -0.731 indicates that the level of the relationship/ correlation belongs strong category. It is concluded that Rhodamin B has been verified as capable to increase the expression of BAX and to reduce the expression of BCL-2 in hippocampus tissue on Rattus norvegicus.


Antennas with multifunctional capabilities integrated into a single device that demonstrates a high performance are in demand, and microstrip antennas with quadband coverage are very useful for a wide range of mm-wave applications. Antennas and propagation at mm-wave frequencies, on the other hand, poses several challenges which can be overcome by applying performance enhancement techniques to meet design objectives. This article presents the use of a binary-coded genetic algorithm for developing an improved quadband mm-wave microstrip patch antenna. The patch shape was optimized by dividing a conducting surface into 6 × 6 tiny rectangular blocks. The algorithm generated the solution space by introducing conducting and nonconducting features for each radiating cell on the patch surface and then greedily searched for the best-fitted individual based on the cost function. With the combination of High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) and MATLAB, candidate antennas were iteratively modeled by applying the suggested algorithm. The optimized antenna resonated at four frequencies centered at 28.3 GHz, 38.1 GHz, 46.6 GHz, and 60.0 GHz. The antenna realized a peak broadside directivity of 7.8 dB, 8.8 dB, 7.3 dB, and 7.1 dB, respectively, with a total operating bandwidth of 11.5 GHz. The research findings were compared with related works presented in the literature and found that the optimized antenna outperformed them in terms of bandwidth, directivity, and efficiency.


We show that, because of the inevitable twist and lattice mismatch in heterobilayers of transition metal dichalcogenides, interlayer excitons have sixfold degenerate light cones anomalously located at finite velocities on the parabolic energy dispersion. The photon emissions at each light cone are elliptically polarized, with the major axis locked to the direction of exciton velocity, and helicity specified by the valley indices of the electron and the hole. These finite-velocity light cones allow unprecedented possibilities for optically injecting valley polarization and valley current, and the observation of both direct and inverse valley Hall effects, by exciting interlayer excitons. Our findings suggest potential excitonic circuits with valley functionalities, and unique opportunities to study exciton dynamics and condensation phenomena in semiconducting 2D heterostructures.


The objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of industrialization, technology and labor efficiency on electricity consumption in East African Region especially in Rwanda, Kenya and Tanzania over the period from 1990 to 2019. This study adopts a three-stage approach, we used four different panel unit root tests including Levin, Lin and Chu (LLC); Im, Pesaran, and Shin (IPS); ADF - Fisher Chi-square and PP - Fisher Chi-square. The results reveal that all variables are stationary and integrated with order one. Pedroni's cointegration tests reveals that the variables are not cointegrated while Johansen Fisher and error correction-based panel cointegration tests reveal that all variables are cointegrated with at most one cointegrating equation. The study uses Full Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) to estimate the long run relationship among the variables. We find that the increase in industrialization increases electricity consumption whiles increase in technology and enhanced labor efficiency decreases electricity consumption.  The study recommends that countries need to consider the current level and the future GCF in planning of electricity supply and production to meet demand, promote efficient use of innovative technology and improve labor efficiency in the industrial sector.


Land, the foundation of agriculture and farmers, is the most basic capital goods of agricultural production. Confirmation of land right in rural areas not only effectively protects the land contract management right of peasants and helps to realize the informatization management of land contract, but also lays a foundation for land circulation and scale management. In addition, it also promotes the realization of agricultural modernization. This paper analyzes the problems in the confirmation of land right and sets forth recommendations under the premise of realizing the importance of confirmation of land right.


Video-based multiple target tracking (MTT) is a challenging task when similar targets are present in close vicinity. Because their visual observations are mixed and difficult to segment, their motions have to be estimated jointly. Most existing approaches perform this joint motion estimation in a centralized fashion and involve searching a rather high dimensional space, and thus leading to quite complicated joint trackers. This paper brings a new view to MTT from a game-theoretic perspective, bridging the joint motion estimation and the Nash equilibrium of a game. Instead of designing a centralized tracker, MTT is decentralized and a set of individual trackers is used, each of which tries to maximize its visual evidence for explaining its motion as well as generates interferences to others. Modelling this competition behavior, a special game is designed so that the difficult joint motion estimation is achieved at the Nash Equilibrium of this game where no individual tracker has incentives to change its motion estimate. This paper substantializes this novel idea in a solid case study where individual trackers are kernel-based trackers. An efficient best response updating procedure is designed to find the Nash equilibrium. The powerfulness of this game-theoretic MTT is shown by promising results on difficult real videos.


Today satellite system provides a main instrument supplying regular data on land inventory and monitoring of land use/land cover changes, in a timely manner. These data are keys to many applications in different sectors: environment, forestry, hydrology, irrigation, agriculture, geology, resource management and planning. Using Landsat image and change detection, this paper presents a method to extract changes of agricultural land, as the basis for the assessment and development of irrigation systems, which enhance production and protect land resources. During the period 1996-2014, the agricultural land in Binh Thuan decreased from 43.5% (in 1996) to 40.1% (February, 2014) of the total land surface in the province. However, the land area under cultivation tends to decrease rapidly, from 25.7% in 1996 to 14.0% in 2014. Combining the results of land use change and assessing the capacity of the irrigation systems show which areas are frequently irrigated versus those are not. This allows proposing irrigation development needs contributing to more production while protecting land resources.


During the earliest phase of architectural design process, practitioners after analyzing the client's design program, legal requirements, topographic constraints, and preferences synthesize these requirements into architectural floor plan drawings. Design decisions taken in this phase may significantly contribute to the building performance. On account of this reason, it is important to estimate and compare alternative solutions, when it is still manageable to change the building design.
The authors have been developing a prototype tool to assist architects during this initial design phase. It is made up of two algorithms. The first algorithm generates alternative floor plans according to the architect's preferences and requirements, and the client's design program. It consists in one evolutionary strategy approach enhanced with local search technique to allocate rooms on several levels in the two-dimensional space. The second algorithm evaluates, ranks, and optimizes those floor plans according to thermal performance criteria. The prototype tool is coupled with dynamic simulation program, which estimates the thermal behavior of each solution. A sequential variable optimization is used to change several geometric values of different architectural elements in the floor plans to explore the improvement potential.
In the present communication, the two algorithms are used in an iterative process to generate and optimize the thermal performance of alternative floor plans. In the building simulation specifications of EnergyPlus program, the airflow network model has been used in order to adequately model the air infiltration and the airflows through indoor spaces. A case study of a single-family house with three rooms in a single level is presented.


The purpose of this research was to investigate and explain how the grammatical structure of Afan Oromo reveals social gender bias ideology. Based on quantitative and qualitative data collected from primary and secondary sources of the Macha dialect, the grammatical structure of Afan Oromo was analyzed in the light of the socio-cultural lives of the language community. The theoretical base of this study was the dominance theory. As this study reveals the grammar of Afan Oromo distinguishes masculine and feminine gender systems. Nouns are assigned to one of the two genders based on semantic attributes and pragmatic knowledge. This linguistic principle is metaphorical conceptualization emanating from the social gender bias ideology of the society. In addition, the morphological, the syntactic, and the semantic structures of the language also reflect the social gender bias practices. In general, the grammatical conventions of Afan Oromo mirror the socio-cultural practices of the society: males and females are placed on superior and subordinate positions respectively.

 Key words: Afan Oromo, grammatical gender, language conventions, gender bias, male dominance, socio-cultural practices.


PURPOSE
To assess the safety and effectiveness of transurethral vapor resection of prostate (TUVRP) for the management of prostate glands with a volume of >100 g.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Thirty-nine patients who were found to have benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate volume of >100 g, as determined by abdominal ultrasonography, were offered TUVRP between July 2002 and August 2008. International prostate symptom score (IPSS), prostate volume, postvoid residue (PVR), and maximum flow rate (Qmax) formed part of preoperative evaluation. We also assessed intraoperative and postoperative parameters, including operative time, irrigant fluid requirement, blood loss, duration of postoperative catheterization, hospital stay, and postoperative complications.

RESULTS
The mean prostate volume was 121.39 g (range 101-232 g). The mean age was 65.70 years (range 54-94 years). About 12 patients had a catheter preoperatively. Mean IPSS was 24.87 (21-28). Mean Qmax and PVR were 7 mL/seconds (4-12) and 133 mL (77-160), respectively. Mean operative time was 77 minutes (50-115), and mean irrigant fluid used was 26.48 L (18-36). Mean resected weight of prostate was 49.4 g (43-54). Average postoperative catheter duration was 2.38 days (2-2.5) with average postoperative hospital stay being 3.75 days (2-5). Effectiveness assessed at 6 months was IPSS 5.7, Qmax 20.5 mL/seconds, and insignificant PVR.

CONCLUSIONS
TUVRP is an alternative treatment modality for prostates >100 g owing to its excellent intraoperative vision, shorter operative time, and reduced hospital stay.


This thesis sets out to examine Matthew Parker's diocesan, rather than
archiepiscopal, policies and practices.
The principal features of Parker's life are outlined, the size, etc., of the
diocese is described and estimates of population are included. In describing some
of the features of Parker's 'orderly' policy (and the desire for order was his
main motivation), impropriations, maintenance of parish church fabric, supplying
of books to parish churches, providing for schools and licensing teachers, and
supervision of the cathedral are touched upon. The administrative structure of
the diocese is outlined, and biographical material on the commissaries general, the
archdeacons and their officials, the bishop suffragan, the high commissioners and
the diocesan visitors is given. One chapter describes what happened to the Marian
ecclesiastics in the Elizabethan diocese of Canterbury, and another is concerned
with the new clergy, the lay readers and the damage done by non-residence. Parker's
first problem was to find clergy of any kind; it was only later he was able to be
more particular about their qualifications. Parker's attitude to puritanism and
his policies towards diocesan non-conformity is analyzed. The administration of
lands and properties is described and the criticism levelled against Parker for
behaving like a great lord rather than a curate of souls is noted. Chapter IX ,
describes the royal taxation of the diocese---a total of over £12,000 for the
period of Parker's administration---and discusses first fruits, tenths, clerical
subsidies, supplies of armour, and special levies. The importance of statute law and the re-invigoration of the ecclesiastical courts is noted. Included are maps
and appended biographies of 51 cathedral prebendaries and preachers.
MSS. collections in Canterbury cathedral, the Kent County Archives Office,
Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, Library, Lambeth Palace, Somerset House, the
Public Record Office and the Bodleian Library were used.


Worldwide, colorectal cancer is the third most common malignant neoplasm. Automated classification of cytological images of colon tissue samples has been investigated, but diagnosis in all cases still requires human judgement. With the large numbers of cases of colon cancer each year, the workload placed on pathologists is immense. Texture is a powerful discriminating metric and the use of grey-level texture for classification of colon images has been extensively researched. One common technique is the extraction of texture metrics from grey-level co-occurrence matrices. However, using grey-scale images discards information contained in the differences of hue and saturation that may provide further classification information. We present the findings of an investigation of the discriminating ability of colour texture using co-occurrence matrices. Comparisons are made between grey-scale and colour texture analysis. Using statistical analysis, we show that classification using colour texture offers an improvement over classification based solely on grey-level texture.


HPV infection is a well-established cause of both benign and malign diseases. The HPV 16 and 18 genotypes are most commonly associated with cervical cancer whereas the HPV 6 and 11 genotypes are most commonly associated with anogenital warts. In Italy are currently approved two types of vaccine: Gardasil ® is a tetravalent HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 vaccine that prevents cervix cancer and genital warts, Cervarix ® is a bivalent HPV 16 and 18 genotype vaccine that protects against cervical cancer and pre cancer forms. Aim of present study was to collect the available epidemiological data and the impact on the Italian National Health Service (NHS) budget of genital warts pathology. In Italy 40,000 genital warts cases per year could be estimated in the female population. The management cost in charge of Italian NHS for the female pathology is evaluated around 7 millions €. Comparing the available evidence NHS costs for genital wart pathology represent 3-4% of the total amount for prevention and treatment of cervix cancer.


"The role that bathing plays within a culture," Siegfried Gideon writes, "reveals the culture's attitude coward human relaxation. Ir is a measure of how far individual well-being is regarded as an indispensable part of community life."' ln many parts of the world today, and for many centuries, baths that rely on mineral springs, geysers, heated water, steam or dry hear were designed for the regeneration of local populations without a nod coward utopian dreams, or the exclusivity of private spas. Unlike the contemporary US, public thermal baths in Germany are central ro the economy of"curing towns" and paid for by the national health insurance. Across Central and Eastern Europe, the Middle and Far East, women and men continue ro rake the waters in ancient hammams, furos, saunas, and other communal environments that offer at least in part-the architectural landscape for the contemporary health culture we are seeking in the US.


Background: Anticancer agent-incorporating polymeric micelles, categorized as passive targeting agents, are expected to accumulate in tumors based on the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Recently, we made epirubicin-incorporating micelles containing acid-sensitive bonds (NC-6300), and reported the enhanced antitumor activity and reduced cardiotoxicity in preclinical studies; a Phase I study of NC-6300 is also under way in Japan. In order to further enhance the accumulation of NC-6300 in tumors using the active targeting strategy, we tried to attach a tumor-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) to the terminal of polyethylene glycol comprising NC-6300. As the targeting molecule, we selected transmembrane receptor tissue factor (TF), namely, the primary initiator of coagulation. TF, which is known to play an important role in not only blood coagulation, but also in tumor growth and metastasis, is frequently overexpressed in various types of tumor. We have established a mAb against human TF, and succeeded in developing anti TF mAb-conjugated NC-6300 (anti TF-NC-6300). Here, we report the results of in vitro and in vivo studies of this immunoconjugate. Methods: Anti TF-NC-6300 was prepared based on our Antibody/Drug-Conjugated Micelle (ADCM) technology (Japan Patent No.4538666) with slight modification. In the in vitro assay, real-time cell analysis was performed using the xCELLigence system to determine the effects of anti TF-NC-6300 and NC-6300 on pancreatic tumor cell proliferation. Next, image analysis and quantification of the intracellular epirubicin concentration were performed using Array Scan VTI. For evaluating the in vivo antitumor effects, anti TF-NC-6300 (10 mg/kg), NC-6300 (10 mg/kg) and epirubicin (10 mg/kg) were administered intravenously once a week for 3 weeks to mice bearing human pancreatic cancer xenografts or human gastric cancer xenografts with high TF expression (BxPC3 or 44As3). Results: In the real-time cell proliferation assay, anti TF-NC-6300 exerted a greater degree of inhibition of cell growth than NC-6300 in BxPC3. On the other hand, there was no difference in effect between these two drugs in SUIT2, a human pancreatic cancer with low TF expression. In the imaging cytometric analysis, anti TF-NC-6300 was internalized sooner than NC-6300, resulting in higher accumulation of epirubicin in the cytoplasm and nuclei of the BxPC3 cells. On the other hand, no such difference was observed in the case of SUIT2. In the in vivo antitumor assay, as compared to both epirubicin and NC-6300, anti TF-NC-6300 showed significant antitumor activity in xenograft models of BxPC3 and 44As3. Conclusion: These data warrant a clinical evaluation of anti TF mAb-conjugated epirubicin-incorporating polymeric micelles in patients with TF-positive cancer subtypes. Citation Format: Yoshiyuki Yamamoto, Ichinosuke Hyodo, Yoshikatsu Koga, Ryo Tsumura, Ryuta Sato, Toshihumi Obonai, Hirobumi Fuchigami, Masahisa Kudo, Masahiro Yasunaga, Mitsunori Harada, Tatsuyuki Hayashi, Yasuki Kato, Yasuhiro Matsumura. Enhanced antitumor effect of anti tissue factor (TF) antibody-conjugated epirubicin-incorporating polymeric micelles in human cancer xenografts with high TF expression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2648. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2648


Due to their flexibility in coverage and resolution, networked robotic cameras become more and more popular in applications such as natural observation, security surveillance, and distance learning. Equipped with a high optical zoom lens, a networked robotic camera can generate a giga-pixel-level panorama to cover its viewable region. As new live frames enter the system, this panorama can be updated as a panorama video. User requests are usually not limited to the current camera frame. A user may request a specific region associated with a specific time window. To satisfy different spatiotemporal requests for multiple concurrent users, we present systems and algorithms to allow the on-demand sharing of the high-resolution panorama video. The high-resolution panorama video is encoded into a patch-based representation to allow efficient storage and on-demand content delivery. We present system architecture, user interface, data representation, and encoding/decoding algorithms. In the experiment, we have implemented the system using the MPEG-2 codec. Experimental results show that our system can not only satisfy different spatiotemporal queries but also significantly reduce computation time and communication bandwidth requirement.


This paper argues that the "scale effects" prediction of many recent R & D-based models of growth is inconsistent with the time-series evidence from industrialized economies. A modified version of the Romer model that is consistent with this evidence is proposed, but the extended model alters a key implication usually found in endogenous growth theory. Although growth in the extended model is generated endogenously through R & D, the long-run growth rate depends only on parameters that are usually taken to be exogenous, including the rate of population growth.


Deleted Twitter and Facebook from all my mobile devices and it feels so good! I just don't need the drama.


We report on mode selection and tuning properties of vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VECSELs) containing coupled semiconductor and external cavities of total length less than 1 mm. Our goal is to create narrowlinewidth (<1MHz) single-frequency VECSELs that operate near 850 nm on a single longitudinal cavity resonance and tune versus temperature without mode hops. We have designed, fabricated, and measured VECSELs with external-cavity lengths ranging from 25 to 800 μm. We compare simulated and measured coupled-cavity mode frequencies and discuss criteria for single mode selection.


[eng] Our aim in this article is to put into practice, in the field of social sciences, the principles that Husserl displayed in his book from 1936, 'The crisis of European sciences and transcendental phenomenology". In that seminal work, Husserl reflected on the mathematization of nature and produced an historical meditation on the essence of geometry. Here we will try to extend the reach of Husserlian postulates in order to deal with economics and, more specifically, with the theory of money. We think that, in certain social sciences, and in particular in those with a clear mathematical penchant like economics, the use of formalization often helps to cover an uncritical use of phenomenologically ungrounded idealizations. This fact ultimately results in a massive concealment of the true sense of some of its principal phenomena -namely, money. It is worth mentioning that this concern does not have its roots only in phenomenology, for even academic monetary theory openly acknowledges that we lack an understanding of the meaning of money which could help us clarify and prevent financial crisis and economic collapses. Crisis, in short, are not the result of a deep understanding of the concept of money; on the contrary, they highlight the fact that we don't really know what money is. Thus, our goal here is to illustrate the possibilities offered by the phenomenological method in its application to the question of money. It is in this sense that the research taking place here can be understood as a "phenomenological critique of monetary theory".


Abstract: A fire-mediated recruitment bottleneck provides a possible explanation for the coexistence of trees and grasses in mesic savannas. The key element of this hypothesis is that saplings are particularly vulnerable to fire because they are small enough to be top-killed by grass fires, but unlike juveniles, they take several years to recover their original size. This limits the number of recruits into the adult size classes. Thus savanna vegetation may be maintained by a feedback whereby fire restricts the density of adult trees and allows a grass layer to develop, which provides fuel for subsequent fires. Here, we use results from a landscape-scale fire experiment in tropical Australia, to explore the possible existence of a recruitment bottleneck. This experiment compared tree recruitment and survival over 4 y under regimes of no fire, annual early and annual late dry-season fire. Stem mortality decreased with increasing stem height in the fire treatments but not in the unburnt treatment. Tree recruitment was 76–84% lower in the fire treatments than the unburnt treatment. Such fire-induced stem loss of saplings and reduced recruitment to the canopy layer in this eucalypt savanna are consistent with the predictions of the fire-mediated recruitment bottleneck hypothesis.


Argonne National Laboratory West (ANL-W) is verifying the characterization and repackaging of contact-handled transuranic (CH-TRU) mixed waste in support of the Waste Isolation Pilot Program (WIPP) project located in Carlsbad, New Mexico. The WIPP Waste Characterization Chamber (WCC) was designed to allow opening of transuranic waste drums for this process. The WCC became operational in March of 1994 and has characterized approximately 240 drums of transuranic waste. The waste drums are internally contaminated with high levels of transuranic radionuclides. Attaching and detaching drums to the glove box posed serious contamination control problems. Prior to characterizing waste, several drum attachment techniques and materials were evaluated. An inexpensive HEPA filter molded into the bagging material helps with venting during detachment. The current techniques and procedures used to attach and detach transuranic waste drums to the WCC are described.


The respondent was flagged down by a police officer. He declined to stop. The police gave chase and managed to stop and arrest him. At the police station where he was detained he was given a form "SAPD 14A" with the heading "Notice of rights in terms of the Constitution". In terms of the form he was being detained for failing to comply with the instruction of a "traffic officer", "crimen injuria" and driving an "unlicensed and unregistered motor". The respondent's wife approached the High Court to try and secure the release of the respondent. In a supporting affidavit, she asserted that if the court decided to grant bail, she could afford R500.00 as to bail. Counsel for the respondent indicated that what was before court was not a bail application but a request for the court to consider an interdictum de homine libero exhibendo. The attorney testified that his client was arrested for "negligent and reckless driving" and that the normal procedure was that "one gets a fine of R500 or R1000". The court ordered the immediate release of the respondent and ordered the applicants to inter alia provide written reasons as to why the respondent was not given bail, or an opportunity to apply for bail, and why he was not given an opportunity to pay a fine.


Malate is the first stable product after CO2 is fixed in NADP-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME) type of C4 plants, which transfers CO2 and the reducing equivalent from mesophyll cell (MC) to vascular bundle sheath cell (BSC) chloroplasts and affects the redox state of BSC. The aim of this experiment is to investigate the effect of exogenous malate on the activity of photosystem II (PS II) in C4 and C3 plants. The leaf discs from the 5th fully expanded leaves of maize (NADP-ME type C4 plants) and the 10th fully expanded leaves of tobacco (C3 plants) were treated with malate of 50, 100 μM and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured. Malate treatments decreased the photochemical reaction efficiency (FV/FM) in maize leaves, as a result of rising in initial fluorescence (FO) and decreasing in maximal fluorescence (FM). The number of active PS II reaction center (RC) per excited cross section (RC/CS) declined in malate-treated maize, suggesting that malate inactivated PS II RC. Malate treatments also increased Wk, representing the severity of oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) damage, and decreased the rate of photosynthetic oxygen evolution. We conclude that exogenous malate regulates the activity and structure of PS II in C4 plant maize. No significant changes in the activity of PS II were observed in malate-treated C3 plant tobacco. It is suggested that the short term malate treatment will inhibit PS II of leaves which have C4 anatomy and C4 enzymes.


Integral part of modern day electric vehicle is power electronic circuits comprising of AC-DC converters and DC-DC converters. This project presents a charging circuit for batteries used in electric vehicle. The portion of DC-DC converters mainly handle the purpose of battery charging. The DC-DC converters include both isolated and non isolated ones. This project proposes isolated DC-DC converter for battery charging application with the concept of constant current charging. Here the current control strategy is mainly used for regulated current supply. In this paper a proto type of battery charger with half bridge converter is simulated in using matlab software and also the closed loop hardware implementation of proto type is


The purpose of Hegmon's Sharing model is to develop an understanding of the effect sharing strategies have on household survival. The model was developed with western Pueblo agriculturalists, specifically the Hopi, in mind. Households are modeled as sharing no resources, pooling all of their resources into specified groups, or practicing restricted sharing.


An image forming device includes: a transfer roller; two registration rollers feeding a recording medium to a transfer nip where the transfer roller is in contact with an image bearing member; a transfer conveying-path through which the recording medium is fed from a registration nip formed by the registration rollers to the transfer nip; a lower guide defining a lower side of the transfer conveying-path and having an uppermost portion protruding upwardly at a position upstream of the transfer nip; and a biasing member provided at an upper side of the transfer conveying-path and between the uppermost portion and the registration rollers, and biasing the recording medium downwardly when it is fed through the registration rollers. The biasing member is movable upwardly relative to a pressing force of the recording medium that is fed through the transfer conveying-path. Therefore the invention can minimize the occurrence of transfer deviation and image shrinkage.


Summary - A root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne fallax n. sp., is described and illusuated from tomato (Lycopersicon esculeruum Mill.) from The Netherlands; this new species is characterized by : female stylet dorsaily curved, 14.5 I-lm long, with rounded to uansversely ovoid knobs, slightly sloping posteriorly; perineal panern with a moderately high dorsal arch with coarse suiae, indistinct 1atera1lines and venual region oval to angular; male stylet 19.6 I-lm long, with large rounded knobs, set off from the shaft; male head region slightly set off, round raised labial disc and distinct lateral lips present; second-stage juvenile 403 I-lm long, tail 49.3 I-lm long tapering graduaily until distinct hyaline tail terminus 13.5 I-lm long with broadly rounded tip. So far, the known distribution in Europe is resuicted to a smail number of locations in the south-eastern part of The Netherlands.


To investigate the pathophysiology of syringomyelia, we developed a system to simultaneously record arterial, central venous, airway, cervical subarachnoid and intrathecal pressures. In addition, our system records electrocardiograms (ECGs) and provides us with the means to analyze all pressures during individual and averaged cardiac cycles. During the described study, flow magnetic resonance imaging and cardiac-gated ultrasound images were also used. To compare our pressure readings with these images, we needed to account for the low-frequency changes in the recorded pressures resulting from normal respiration. We therefore wrote a program to derive mean pressure waves during the cardiac cycle that averaged out the pressure effects of the respiratory cycle. Simultaneous cerebrospinal pressure, hemodynamic pressure and ECG were plotted. This allowed us to establish the simultaneous relationship between pressures, syrinx size and cerebellar tonsil pulsation during the cardiac cycle. This system may prove valuable to other researchers investigating the interactions between multiple physiological parameters during the cardiac cycle.


In this paper, we have studied the properties of eigenfunctions in a three-level Lipkin model whose classical counterpart can exhibit classical chaos. In the regime of classical chaotic motions, sensitivity of eigenfunctions to parameter perturbation is exposed, which may be taken as a quantum signature of classical chaos.


The end point of clinical research is often considered to be the publication of peer reviewed data and results. Although an effective method for communication with a technical audience, publications can often appear impenetrable for non-technical audiences and are typically unable to deliver a clear method for implementation of the research output. Web applications provide a potential solution for data-driven research and are able to deliver accessible, interactive interfaces for wide audiences. When considering the wealth of data collected in clinical systems such as Epic, the potential for delivering web-based hospital tools derived from GOSH research output is substantial. EPR data were sourced from legacy hospital systems and integrated with patient-level outcome data, including risk of death, and renal failure outcome measurements in the GOSH Digital Research Environment (DRE). These data were then modelled using logistic regression models written in the open source Bayesian modelling platform, Stan, to predict patient outcome. Finally, the project's analysis workflow, written in the R language, was ported to a dashboard-style R Shiny web app using the Shiny Dashboard package. The resulting modular web app was capable of delivering each element of the project in an accessible manner, without sacrificing the detail or transparency required for clinical research. Each tab of the web app represented a separate step, presenting a high-level project overview, interactive data visualisations, modelling teaching tools, an interactive, dynamic, and interpretable model estimation module, a patient outcome prediction module, customization options, and a tab that renders the app's source code, encouraging reproducibility. The app was written to be fully compatible with research data provisioned through the DRE and modular enough to be ported to prospective research projects. This work demonstrates a proof-of-concept open source Shiny web app framework for delivering interactive and predictive analytics from clinical research projects.


Traumatic recurrent auricular hematoma can be a challenging medical problem, with complications resulting in cauliflower ear. Proper management often depends on an understanding of the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of fibroneocartilage--an abnormal fibrous cartilage formation in response to injury. Traditional treatment by incision and drainage, and compression dressing technique may be inadequate in the setting of recurrent or chronic hematoma. Instead, excision of the fibroneocartilage is essential in promoting hematoma resolution and wound healing. Appropriate treatment of auricular hematoma can reduce needless cosmetic deformity and can avoid difficult secondary reconstruction. The authors present a case of recurrent auricular hematoma and review its pathophysiology and current therapy.


Abstract In this study gas atomisation and spray deposition of a series of AlFeVSi alloys were carried out. Traces of transient liquid were observed as lamellar structure in the middle of the specimen. The heat transfer conditions of this structure were modelled by finite difference calculation. Metallographic specimens for optical microscopy were prepared from the preforms formed in these processes. Optical microscopy showed the presence of dispersoids in the specimens. The dispersoids were characterised as AlFeVSi cubic phase by X-ray diffraction analysis. SEM was used to examine the morphology of phases and quantitative element analysis to reveal the chemical composition of the dispersoids present. The one-dimensional mathematical model, which describes the heat diffusion during spray deposition, was solved using the finite difference method.


Of all the complications of artificial pneumothorax therapy, air embolism is the most alarming and most dangerous. Its occurrence is sudden and without preceding signs or symptoms, as it is in reality an accident. Its results either are instantaneous or appear in a short time. Rogers, while irrigating the empyema cavity of a small girl in 1864, observed an attack characterized by pallor, unconsciousness and clonic convulsions with recovery after twenty-four hours. While diagnosed as pleural eclampsia it may be logically assumed from the description of the attack that this was a case of cerebral air embolism. Brandes 1 in 1912, while attempting to outline an empyema cavity with bismuth paste, accidentally demonstrated the mechanism of air embolism. On injection of the paste, the patient became unconscious and was suddenly seized with fatal convulsions. On postmortem examination bismuth was found in the vessels of the cerebral cortex and brain stem.


OBJECTIVE
This study examines whether exposure to community violence is indirectly related to academic performance through anxious/depressed symptoms and delinquent behaviors.

METHODS
Three hundred eighteen mothers and adolescents who participated in a longitudinal investigation were interviewed when adolescents were age 10, 14, and 16.

RESULTS
Community violence exposure at age 14 was significantly related to anxious/depressed symptoms and delinquent behaviors. Delinquent behaviors (but not anxious/depressed symptoms) were significantly associated with academic performance at age 16. Exposure to community violence was indirectly related to academic performance through delinquent behaviors. There was no significant indirect effect of exposure to community violence on academic performance through anxious/depressed symptoms. Covariates included sociodemographics and exposure to child abuse. Age 10 anxious/depressed symptoms, age 10 delinquent behaviors, and age 14 academic performance were also included in the model to control for preexisting differences in socioemotional adjustment and academic performance.

CONCLUSIONS
Results suggest that exposure to community violence may initiate a cascade of problems that spread from behavior problems to declines in academic performance. Our results highlight the need for schools to consider exposure to community violence as one form of trauma and to transform in ways that make them more trauma-sensitive. The use of trauma-sensitive practices that address the effects of violence exposure on youth may help limit the progression of adverse effects from delinquent behavior to other domains of functioning.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
To characterize the clinical features, prognosis and clinical predictors of headache in cardioembolic stroke (CS).

PATIENTS AND METHOD
Descriptive study of 480 patients with CS included in the Sagrat Cor Hospital of Barcelona Stroke Registry over a 17 year period. The vascular risk factors, clinical profiles and topographic data in CS with and without headache were compared. The independent predictive value of each variable on the development of headache in CS was assessed with a logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS
Headache was diagnosed in 38 of 480 patients (7.9%) with CS Early neurologic deterioration was present in 40 patients (8.3%), and was significantly more frequent in patients with than without headache (17.5% vs 7%; p < 0.03). The presence of early neurologic deterioration was a significant predictive variable associated with headache in CS in the 2 logistic regression models (odds ratio [OR] = 3.34, and OR = 3.36). Other clinical variables were: cranial nerve palsy (OR = 7.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.98-28.70), ataxia (OR = 4.88; 95% CI, 1.65-14.50), ischemic heart disease (OR = 3.02; 95% CI, 1.41-6.45), hyperlipidemia (OR = 2.61; 95% CI, 1.08-6.28), age (OR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.99), and sudden onset (OR = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.91). Topographic profile were: posteroinferocerebellar artery involvement (OR = 21.41; 95% CI, 3.10-148.04), basilar artery involvement (OR = 9.04; 95% CI, 1.87-43.66) and cerebral posterior involvement (OR = 6.12; 95% CI, 2.30-16.29).

CONCLUSIONS
Headache in CS is more frequent in vertebrobasilar involvement. Headache is related with early neurological deterioration and associated with increased morbidity and mortality.


To evaluate the prevalence of carotid lesions and silent coronary artery disease in asymptomatic patients, we studied 31 subjects with one or more risk factors for atherosclerosis. All patients have been studied by means of non invasive cardiologic evaluations and carotid echo color Doppler. The prevalence of carotid and or coronary artery disease was 80%. The prevalence of silent coronary artery disease was 19% and carotid artery disease 61%. Patients with more than one risk factor showed a higher prevalence of carotid lesions (84%) than those with only one risk factor (16%). In conclusion, the prevalence of carotid disease in asymptomatic patients, at risk for atherosclerosis, is high. The echo color Doppler system represents the best approach to study carotid atherosclerosis in vivo. When carotid lesions are present, a non invasive cardiological evaluation may be useful to reveal a silent coronary artery disease.


This paper proposes the design of a low-cost DSP-based powerline modem for domotic control that adjusts to the European regulation CENELEC EN50065. This modem fills the void between current very low bit rate chipsets with FSK modulation, and future PLC (powerline communications) broadband developments, oriented towards Internet access and based on ETSI TS 101 867. The prototype runs a PHY powerline layer with a half duplex /spl pi//4-DQPSK modulation. It also takes advantage of the remaining DSP capacity by implementing a UDP/IP stack and SNMP protocol, therefore offering a new perspective for the use of this protocol in domotic home networking.


Dysregulated inflammation in adipose tissue, marked by increased proinflammatory T-cell accumulation and reduced regulatory T cells (Tregs), contributes to obesity-associated insulin resistance. The molecular mechanisms underlying T-cell-mediated inflammation in adipose tissue remain largely unknown, however. Here we show a crucial role for signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) in T cells in skewing adaptive immunity in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), thereby contributing to diet-induced obesity (DIO) and insulin resistance. Stat3 activity is elevated in obese VAT and in VAT-resident T cells. Functional ablation of Stat3 in T cells reduces DIO, improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, and suppresses VAT inflammation. Importantly, Stat3 ablation reverses the high Th1/Treg ratio in VAT of DIO mice that is likely secondary to elevated IL-6 production, leading in turn to suppression of Tregs. In addition, Stat3 in T cells in DIO mice affects adipose tissue macrophage accumulation and M2 phenotype. Our study identifies Stat3 in VAT-resident T cells as an important mediator and direct target for regulating adipose tissue inflammation, DIO, and its associated metabolic dysfunctions.


We consider the problem of testing the equality of intermediate characteristic roots in two populations. The permutation test is investigated for testing the hypothesis. The exact distribution of the ratio of the largest characteristic roots across populations is derived under the assumption of multivariate normality. A Monte Carlo experiment is conducted to examine the performance of the permutation test under the assumptions that two population distributions are characterized by multivariate normal and contaminated multivariate normal distributions.


An efficient and facile, solvent-free peptide synthesis assisted by microwave irradiation, using DIC/HONB as the coupling reagent combination is reported. Key features of this original protocol are solvent-free synthesis, very short reaction time and scalability without affecting yield and purity. The versatility of the method was successfully demonstrated by synthesizing several biologically active peptides in high purity, yield and without racemization.


In this contribution we study azimuthal angle decorrelation in inclusive dijet cross sections taking into account the next-to-leading (NLO) corrections to the BFKL kernel while keeping the jet vertices at leading order. We show how the angular decorrelation for jets with a wide relative separation in rapidity largely decreases when the NLO corrections are included.


Summary The effects of trandolapril, a converting enzyme inhibitor (CEI), on left ventricular (LV) diastolic stiffness and coronary vascular resistance (CVR), were studied with an isolated heart preparation in 15-month-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The hypertensive animals were treated for 3 months with trandolapril (0.3 mg/kg/day) (SHRT), and compared with untreated age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and SHR. Trandolapril treatment resulted in 15% diminution in blood pressure (BP). In contrast, it completely normalized left ventricular (LV) weight. Untreated SHR, as compared with WKY, had a dilated LV and increased diastolic tissue stiffness. Trandolapril had no effect on either chamber or tissue stiffness. Five-minute anoxia resulted in the same dramatic increase in chamber stiffness in every experimental group. During anoxia, as during normoxia, tissue stiffness was still greater in SHR than in WKY. A major effect of CEI was to normalize the tissue stiffness of SHR under anoxia. Coronary vascular resistance (CVR) was increased in SHR as compared with WKY. Trandolapril improves CVR and significantly shifts the coronary pressure flow curve to the dilatory side. Both collagen concentration (∼2 mg/g) and the content in slow V3 myosin isoform, used as biologic markers of cardiac senescence, were the same in the three experimental groups, but higher than in young hearts. Trandolapril had no effect on these parameters. In semisenescent SHR, despite having rather slight effect on arterial pressure, trandolapril completely normalized LV weight. In addition, collagen content and its physiologic counterpart, tissue stiffness, were unaffected by 3-month treatment with trandolapril. Nevertheless, the anoxia-induced increase in LV tissue stiffness was improved by trandolapril in parallel with reduction in LV hypertrophy (LVH).


Seismic signals can be classified as natural or manmade by matching signature of similar events that have occurred in the past. Waveform matching techniques can be effectively used for discrimination since the events with similar location and focal mechanism have similar waveform irrespective of magnitude. The seismic signals are inherently non-stationary in nature. The analysis of such signals can be best achieved in multiresolution framework by resolving the signal using continuous wavelet transform (CWT) in time-frequency plane. In this paper similarity testing and classification of nuclear explosion and earthquake are exploited with correlation, continuous wavelet transform, cross-wavelet transform and wavelet coherence (WC) of P phase of seismogram. Clustering of seismic signals continuous wavelet spectra is performed using maximum covariance analysis. The proposed classifier has an average classification accuracy of 94%.


Abstract The moral foreign language effect (MFLE) describes how people's decisions may change when a moral dilemma is presented in either their native (NL) or foreign language (FL). Growing attention is being directed to unpacking what aspects of bilingualism may influence the MFLE, though with mixed or inconclusive results. The current study aims to bridge this gap by adopting a conceptualization of bilingualism that frames this construct as a composite and continuous measure. In a between-group analysis, we asked 196 Italian–English bilinguals to perform a moral dilemmas task in either their NL (i.e., Italian) or FL (i.e., English). In a within-group analysis, we evaluated the effects of FL age of acquisition, FL proficiency, and language dominance – all measured as continuous variables – on moral decision-making. Overall, findings indicate that differences within bilinguals' language experience impact moral decisions in an FL. However, the effect of the linguistic factors considered was not ubiquitous across dilemmas, and not always emerged into a MFLE. In light of these results, our study addresses the importance of treating bilingualism as multidimensional, rather than a unitary variable. It also discusses the need to reconceptualize the FLE and its implications on moral decision-making.


Age-related dysfunction of frontal systems can result in deficits in planning, organization, self-control, and awareness of problems, which are likely to affect the ability to care for one's self. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between age-related frontal/executive deficits and impairment in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) in elderly individuals. Twenty-seven community-dwelling individuals were administered a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests and a performance-based evaluation of IADLs. Multiple regression analyses indicated that executive function and depression severity accounted for a significant proportion of variance in IADLs, with executive function making the greatest contribution. Tests measuring other cognitive functions, such as memory, language, and spatial skills, did not contribute significantly to the prediction of functional status. Furthermore, executive measures accounted for more variance than other demographic characteristics such as general health status, age, and educational level. The results of this study indicate that executive dysfunction in normal aging may be the best predictor of functional decline. A better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie IADL skills will ultimately aid in the development of compensatory and intervention strategies designed to delay the onset of assisted living and nursing home placement.


Living third- and fourth-stage larvae (L3 and L4) of Acanthocheilonema viteae were recovered quantitatively from adult Meriones unguiculatus within the first 10 days after subcutaneous inoculation of 60 arthropod-derived larvae (mL3). The average recovery of the inoculated larvae was about one third (28.5%), and the majority (87.7%) were found in muscular tissues. Seventy-two hours after inoculation, larvae could be isolated from all body locations, although the majority still was found near the site of inoculation. Morphological and biometrical data indicated that, at least until molting, the development of the larval population was not synchronous, with molting occurring over a period of 48 hr on days 7 and 8 postinoculation. The stomatal rings of postinvasive L3's and L4's were distinguishable structurally and could be used as stage-specific determinants. Immediately after infection, L3's showed a linear growth in diameter; rapid longitudinal growth started after the molt, leading to a doubling in the length of L4's within 4 days. The time course of shedding was reconstructed in detail using isolated L3/L4 intermediates.


Since Karl Marx, studies of ideology have tended to treat religion as negatively ideological, as social cement hiding real conflicts. But throughout history religion has also been used as a resource for criticizing ideology. This paper investigates the latter function, combining a historical study of one religiously framed critique with a discussion of religion as ideology and critique. The focus is on the work of early Swedish communist Per Gotrek, who was active during the mid-nineteenth century. I analyze four of his texts and summarize his Christian critique of society, going on to suggest that in a sociological definition of ideology, religion can function both critically as well as ideologically.


Double-integral Fourier analysis is utilized in this paper to study steady-state and dynamic characteristics of interleaved buck converters. The method presented is general and does not assume commensurability of the perturbation and the switching frequency. The resulting PWM model captures the complete spectrum of the PWM output and predicts the time-varying effect at all frequencies where it may occur. The PWM model is further used to explain the effect of interleaving on harmonic cancellation in steady-state operation, and to prove that there is an optimum interleaving angle that results in minimum residual harmonics. Cancellation of sideband components among interleaved converters under dynamic conditions, and the possibility to extend control bandwidth beyond the conventional limit of half the switching frequency are also discussed


Two different methods of study have been employed in the analysis of the hormonal regulation of rat uterine collagenases. The first is concerned with the enzyme activity and the second, its synthesis. The data presented in this report reveal that the rat uterine collagenase is under the regulatory influence of both estradiol and progesterone. This fact is first exemplified by the observation that on Day 2 post-ovriectomy, a wave of collagenase synthesis takes place which influences the enzyme activity in the uterus during the next 3-4 days. This peak in collagenase synthesis disappeared in the uteri of rats subjected to ovariectomy and adrenalectomy simultaneously. It indicated that a hormone of adrenal origin was responsible for the enhanced synthesis and activity of collagenase in the uteri of ovariectomized rats. That the hormone involved was progesterone was shown by the subsequent experimental data. The estradiol-mediated enhancement in rat uterine collagenase activity has been shown to be inhibited by intraluminal exposure of the uteri to actinomycin D/cyclohexinmide, indicating the apparent influence of the hormone at the level of the collagenase gene.


: Trimming and polishing dental prostheses is a regular procedure conducted in dental laboratory. The dust that produced during trimming process has high hazard risk especially when it is exposed to dental technician in a long duration. X-Dent Box is invented as a protective equipment to reduce indoor air pollution by collecting the dust from exposing in dental laboratory thus protecting them. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of the X- Dent Box in collecting dust from different type of dental prostheses materials during trimming process. Trimming procedure was performed for 4 minutes on five different types of common dental prostheses materials used in dental laboratory which are Plaster of Paris (PoP), dental stone (DS), resin special tray (RST), cold cure acrylic (ACC) and heat cure arcylic (HCA). The procedure is repeated 3 times for each sample using X-Dent Box and without X-Dent Box being attached to the vacuum. The collected dust in the vacuum bag and X-Dent Box was measured by weight. Data was then analysed. All types of dental prosthesis materials showed more than 60% (n:5) of dust been collected using X-Dent Box. The percentage of dust collected using X-Dent Box is between 65-90% as compared to without the box which only 20%-50%. The dust material that is most effective to the least effective collected by X-Dent box is PoP=CCA (90%) > HCA (85%) > DS (73%) > TRS (65%). There is no significant difference of dust collected with X-Dent Box (p= 0.056) compared to without the usage of X-Dent Box and on the effectiveness of X-Dent Box usage in comparing between different type of materials (p=0.406).


Objectives Cancer would appear to be the paradigmatic example of an acute or chronic illness that can precipitate posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Few studies, however, have examined the applicability of PTSD criteria to patients with cancer. We examined the relationships between the experience of trauma, psychological distress, and PTSD among a waiting room sample of patients with breast cancer. Methods We assessed 115 consecutive patients with breast cancer in the waiting room of a large comprehensive cancer center using measures of general distress, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and a semistructured diagnostic interview. Results A substantial minority (41%) reported responding to cancer with intense fear, helplessness, or horror (DSM-IV A2 criterion). However, cancer-related PTSD was uncommon (4%), and meeting the A2 criterion was a poor indicator of PTSD. Psychological distress was common (38%) and was strongly associated with A2, but was a poor predictor of PSTD. Conclusions Although an intense negative emotional reaction to breast cancer was common, PTSD had low prevalence. Results suggest that using a trauma framework to understand the experience of most patients with cancer may be inaccurate.


The human visual system is sensitive to both first-order variations in luminance and second-order variations in local contrast and texture. Although there is some debate about the nature of second-order vision and its relationship to first-order processing, there is now a body of results showing that they are processed separately. However, the amount, and nature, of second-order structure present in the natural environment is unclear. This is an important question because, if natural scenes contain little second-order structure in addition to first-order signals, the notion of a separate second-order system would lack ecological validity. Two models of second-order vision were applied to a number of well-calibrated natural images. Both models consisted of a first stage of oriented spatial filters followed by a rectifying nonlinearity and then a second set of filters. The models differed in terms of the connectivity between first-stage and second-stage filters. Output images taken from the models indicate that natural images do contain useful second-order structure. Specifically, the models reveal variations in texture and features defined by such variations. Areas of high contrast (but not necessarily high luminance) are also highlighted by the models. Second-order structure—as revealed by the models—did not correlate with the first-order profile of the images, suggesting that the two types of image 'content' may be statistically independent.


Abstract This paper explores forced viewing of "pop-up ads" on the Internet to understand better how viewers come to define ads as irritating and decide to avoid them. Perceived intrusiveness was suggested as the underlying mechanism by which the process occurs. Antecedents of intrusiveness were identified that affect perceptions of ads as interruptions, including congruence of the advertisement content with the current task and intensity of cognition at the moment the ad pops up. The consequences of intrusiveness were shown to be caused by feelings of irritation and ad avoidance. The results provide an understanding of how consumers experience forced exposure situations in interactive environments and highlight implications for advertisers seeking to increase the effectiveness of on-line advertising.


Aim: To know the prevalence of gram positive isolates and their virulence genes obtained from respiratory tract of apparently healthy as well as sick goats. Material and Methods: Nasal swabs and tissue samples were screened for the presence of microbial pathogens by cultural isolation, biochemical confirmation. Further, these isolates were subjected to the virulence gene detection by PCR. Results: Out of 144 isolates, 57 isolates of gram positive pathogens were obtained and confirmed as Staphylococcus spp. (43 isolates) and Streptococcus spp. (14 isolates) on the basis of Gram staining, morphology, cultural identification and biochemical characters. Five isolates (11.6%) were found to be positive for Coagulase gene; 11 isolates (25.6%) were found to be positive for clfA gene; and 14 isolates (32.6%) were found to be positive for Spa gene. Conclusion: The presence of these genes confirmed the pathogenic potential of gram positive pathogens and their association with clinical manifestations in respiratory tract infections of goats.


DNA methylation is altered by environmental factors. We hypothesized that DNA methylation is altered in skeletal muscle in response to either insulin or glucose exposure. We performed a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in muscle from healthy men before and after insulin exposure. DNA methylation of selected genes was determined in muscle from healthy men and men with type 2 diabetes before and after a glucose tolerance test. Insulin altered DNA methylation in the 3′ untranslated region of the calcium pump ATP2A3 gene. Insulin increased DNA methylation in the gene body of DAPK3, a gene involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy. DAPK3 methylation was reduced in patients with type 2 diabetes. Carbohydrate ingestion reduced DAPK3 DNA methylation in healthy men and men with type 2 diabetes, suggesting glucose may play a role. Supporting this, DAPK3 DNA methylation was inversely correlated with the 2-h glucose concentration. Whereas glucose incorporation to glycogen was unaltered by small interfering RNA against DAPK3, palmitate oxidation was increased. In conclusion, insulin and glucose exposure acutely alter the DNA methylation profile of skeletal muscle, indicating that DNA methylation constitutes a rapidly adaptive epigenetic mark. Furthermore, insulin and glucose modulate DAPK3 DNA methylation in a reciprocal manner, suggesting a feedback loop in the control of the epigenome.


We consider the disturbance attenuation problem for a class of continuous piecewise affine systems. Hereto, observer-based output-feedback controllers are proposed that render the closed-loop system uniformly convergent. The convergence property ensures, first, stability and, second, the existence of a unique, bounded, globally asymptotically stable steady-state solution for each bounded disturbance. The latter property is key in uniquely specifying closed-loop performance in terms of disturbance attenuation. Because of its importance in engineering practice, the class of harmonic disturbances is studied in particular and performance measures for this class of disturbances are proposed based on so-called generalized frequency response functions for convergent systems. Additionally, the derived control strategy is extended by including conditions that guarantee the satisfaction of a bound on the control input. The effectiveness of the proposed control design strategy is illustrated by the application of the results to an experimental benchmark system being a piecewise affine beam system.


The most important function of language is a means of communication. As a means communication in daily
life, there are two models of communication, intralingual
and interlingual communication. In intralingual
communication, there is only one language involved so
that the speaker and the hearer understand the message.
In this communication, a translator is not needed. On the
other hand, in interlingual communication more than one
languages are involved. Problems may arise since the
hearer may not understand the language which is used by
the speaker. So, a translator is needed to be the
"bridge" between the speaker and the hearer.
As a developing country, Indonesia needs a lot of
knowledge and information. But many sources of knowledge
and information, such as: books, magazines, journals,
etc, are written in foreign language. It means
interlingual communication happens so translation as well
as good translator are needed.
Translation has two roles: as a way of teaching and
learning a foreign language and as a skill. In Widya
Mandala Catholic University Surabaya, translation is
taught as a skill. Students are expected to be able to
translate well after learning translation for two
semesters. It means there is a chance for students to be
good translators in the future so that they can
contribute their knowledge to the development of the
country.
There are two tendencies in translating: formal
correspondence - emphasizing the form of the source text
and meaning priority - emphasizing the message of the
source text. As far as the writer concerns, many
translation works emphasize the form of the source text
rather than the message. As a result, the sentences of
the translation works sound awkward. Sometimes the
message is not conveyed correctly. The writer also assume
that students pay more attention to the form of the
source text rather than the message. To prove this, the
writer conducts this study.
This study is qualitative study that describes the
Students' tendency in translating English text into
Indonesian. The subjects of the study are the fourth semester
students of Widya Mandala Catholic University,
Surabaya. The instrument used in collecting the data is
the translation II final exam which was held on July 15,
1996. The texts that are translated into Indonesian are
the English texts that have referential and poetic function
Among 120 students, the writer tokes randomly
30 students' work to be analyzed.
The writer identifies the Indonesian stretches that
are intended to be the equivalents of the underlined
English stretches and listed them. Then, the writer
qualifies the list of the Indonesian stretches into two
categories, namely: acceptable and non-acceptable
translation categories. The acceptable category is
qualified into two categories, namely: meaning priority
and formal correspondence.
Based on the analyses, the writer finds out. that
the students are not able to reproduce the original
message into receptor language. A great. number of their
translations are unacceptable. This proved by the data of
table 4.1. which shows that non-acceptable translation
are greater in number than the acceptable ones. The
writer interprets that the students did not master the
translation theory well so they find difficulty to
analyze transfer and reproduce the original message
into a receptor language. Sometimes they choose the words
directly from the dictionary without considering the context. Sometimes they can not determine the relationships among words and the functions of words. The small number of the students' acceptable translation are analyzed in terms of tendency. The writer finds out that the tendency is meaning priority.
The writer would like to suggest the students to learn translation theory better. Pay more attention the first step of translation, analysis. Keep in mind that meaning is the first priority.


This study aimed at exploring the differences in professional/career orientation and awareness while considering a number of variables including locus of control, academic specialization and school backwardness. Several measures were used to achieve the study's goals. The first two, a professional/career orientation measure and a professional/career awareness measure, were designed by the researcher, whereas the third measure was Rotter's locus of control scale. Prior to the study, the stability and validity of these tools were verified on 166 female student participants chosen from Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU). The results indicated the presence of differences with respect to the electronic orientation of female students according to Rotter's external locus of control measure. The study also confirmed that there were differences in the professional awareness variable in favor of female students who exhibited an external locus of control, whereas no differences were noted in the professional awareness of female students with different professional orientations. The findings also showed differences in scientific and electronic orientations among students with different specializations, in favor of the female students enrolled in the Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, whereas no differences were noted in professional/career awareness for the academic specialization variable. No differences were noted in the professional orientations and awareness among female students who demonstrated school backwardness and those who did not. The results were interpreted in light of the theoretical frameworks and cultural contexts of the sample. The results of the study were also linked to previous results.


Carbon emissions are receiving increased attention and scrutiny in all walks of life and the ICT sector is no exception. With the increase in on-demand applications and services together with on-demand compute/storage facilities in server farms or data centres there are self-evident increases in the power requirements to maintain such systems. Proponents of the impact of increased carbon emissions when powering electrical systems in general however, regularly impress negative side-effects such as influence on climate change. Action is subsequently being encouraged to halt further environmental damage. The problem is explored in this paper from the point of view of carbon emissions from data centre operations and the development of energy-aware management and energy-efficient networking solutions. Data centre energy consumption costs drive the evaluation process within a Data Centre Energy-Efficient Context-Aware Broker (DCe-CAB) algorithm designed as an original solution to this significant carbon-contributing network scenario. In this paper, performance requirements and objectives of the DCe-CAB are defined, along with case study demonstration of the way in which it optimises selection and operation of data centres using context-awareness.


An aim of organic farming is to reduce negative impacts of agricultural management practices on physical, chemical, and biological soil properties. A growing number of organic farmers is trying out methods of reduced tillage to save costs, protect humus and to foster natural processes in the soil. Furthermore, techniques like increasing crop rotation diversity and reduced tillage are discussed under the topics of agroecology or ecological intensification also for implementation in nonorganic farming systems.The question arises as to whether these practices are positively impacting on soil ecosystems and whichindicators can be used to describe these impacts. Collembolans are a widely distributed group of the soil mesofauna. They are mainly characterised as secondary decomposers feeding on fungi and other microorganisms. We investigated the influence of different longterm organic crop rotations (mixed farming with animal husbandry versus stockless arable) and the short term effects of two years of different tillage systems (conventional tillage versus reduced tillage) on the abundance, species richness, species composition, and selected species traits (life forms) of collembolan communities. Although not significant, some trends are evident. Species composition of collembolan communities responded to expected alterations in soil moisture mediated by different crop sequences and interannual effects rather thanto different management practices. The proportion of euedaphic collembolan individuals tended to increase in soil environments that offered more stable habitat conditions from increased availability of organic matter.


C3 glomerulopathy is a disease including both dense deposit disease and C3 glomerulonephritis has an estimated prevalence of 2 to 3 per million. Originally, these pathologies were defined as glomerular pathology characterized by accumulation of C3 with absent or scanty immunoglobulin deposition. The keystone defect in both of these pathologies is the unregulated hyperactivity of alternative complement pathway. Specifically, in C3 glomerulopathy patients, there exists a prolongation of C3 cleavage which causes the uncontrolled alternative pathway activation. Many treatments have been investigated for treating C3 glomerulopathy to little or no avail, including calcineurin inhibitors, plasmapharesis, and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. The next logical step is exploring the efficacy of anti-C5 monoclonal antibody therapy in C3 glomerulopathies to target the specific pathophysiology of this particular disease. Eculizumab is an anti-C5 monoclonal antibody that blocks the terminal step of complement activation. This drug has proven to be an effective treatment in other nephrologic pathologies that are caused by complement dysregulation. Here in this paper we discuss and present various case studies and clinical trials available that experiment with Eculizumab in patients with either dense deposit disease or C3 glomerulonephritis. In most of these patients, treatment with Eculizumab has demonstrated clinical and biochemical improvements in kidney function. These results provide encouraging evidence that suggest Eculizumab as a promising therapy for patients with C3 glomerulopathy and warrant that more extensive clinical trials can be designed as a next step.


We review the literature about reaching agreement in quantum networks, also called quantum consensus. After a brief introduction to the key feature of quantum computing, allowing the reader with no quantum theory background to have minimal tools to understand, we report a formal definition of quantum consensus and the protocols proposed. Proposals are classified according to the quantum feature used to achieve agreement.


The capability of manufacturing long superconducting MgB2 wires with already remarkable critical currents makes this material a very promising candidate for future applications. Tapes are prepared by the powder-in-tube technique. After the cold working procedure typically carried out by wire drawing and cold rolling, it has been found that a final sintering step carried out in argon atmosphere is a key process for further improving the superconducting properties of the conductors. To study the effect of the deformation and heat treatment processes, we performed neutron scattering experiment. Due to the high penetration depth of neutron inside matter, it was possible to analyse the MgB2 phase still wrapped in the Ni sheath. Our studies were carried out by a full spectra refinement by the Rietveld method. In the starting superconducting powder a large Mg deficiency was observed. In the tapes we found that the large forces applied during the cold working induced a large MgB2 lattice deformation, and that it is partly relaxed during the final sintering process. An important correlation of the residual stress with the critical temperature and the pinning properties was pointed out. We also observed the appearance of detrimental secondary phases during the sintering process. In particular, the MgB2 phase reacted with the nickel sheath and MgB2Ni2.5 was formed at temperatures higher than 850 °C. These results are of basic importance for a further optimization of the transport properties at moderate fields where applications of MgB2 tapes are already envisageable.


Background The aimof this studyis to determine the effect of speed-strength training on memory in schoolchildren aged 13-14 years, taking into account the strength of their nervous system. Materials and Methods This case control study was conducted in a secondary school in the city of Kirov in Russia for a period of 3 months (January 12 to March 20, 2020). 40 boys and girls were engaged in physical education 2 times a week for 40 minutes. 20 schoolchildren from the control group were engaged in physical education according to the usual program. 20 schoolchildren from the experimental group additionally performed exercises for the development of speed and strength abilities. The strength of the nervous system was determined using a tapping test. Memory indicators in children were measured using the «Method of Jacobs» test. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.0. Results 40 children participant in this study. After the pedagogical experiment, the indicators in all subgroups changed. In the control group, memory indicators in children with a strong nervous system improved only by 5% (p>0,05), and in children with a weak nervous system from 5.5±0.5 to 5.7±0.5, this is only 4% (p>0.05). At the same time, in the experimental group of children with a strong nervous system, memory indicators improved by 21% (p <0.05), and in children with a weak nervous system from 5.1±0.7 to 6.0±0.9, this is 18% (p <0.05). Conclusion Memory performance in children aged 13-14 years will improve if we perform speed-strength exercises at each lesson in physical culture. The load for children with a strong and weak nervous system should be differentiated.


There is interest in society in general and in the agricultural and forestry sectors concerning a land-based role in greenhouse gas mitigation reduction. Numerous studies have estimated the potential supply schedules at which agriculture and forestry could produce greenhouse gas offsets. However, such studies vary widely in critical assumptions regarding economic market adjustments, allowed scope of mitigation alternatives, and region of focus. Here, we examine the effects of using different assumptions on the total emission mitigation supply curve from agriculture and forestry in the United States. To do this we employ the U.S.-based Agricultural Sector and Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Model and find that variations in such factors can have profound effects on the results. Differences between commonly employed methods shift economic mitigation potentials from -55 to p 85%. The bias is stronger at higher carbon prices due to afforestation and energy crop plantations that reduce supply of traditional commodities. Lower carbon prices promote management changes with smaller impacts on commodity supply. Copyright 2006 International Association of Agricultural Economists.


Poor concentration is a relatively common childhood problem. The current North American psychiatric diagnostic classification system (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition; DSM-IV), American Psychological Association, 1994) differentiates children whose problems are distinguished primarily by symptoms of inattention (ADHD-I) from those whose difficulties are characterized by overactive, impulsive behavior by providing various subtypes within a broad diagnostic category. Yet, comparatively little is known about children who exhibit purely inattentive behavior. This study aims to redress this issue by using a large, community-based, epidemiological sample of 7-year-old children to compare the developmental functioning, social, and environmental backgrounds of children with pure inattentive behavior to that of children with pure overactive behavior and combined problems of inattentive and overactive behavior. Five hypotheses, centered on the validity of distinguishing inattentive behavior from overactivity, are tested. Children with pure inattentive behavior were more likely to have general cognitive delays, particularly in the area of language development, and were more likely to come from a family in which the father was of low occupational status. The results are discussed in relation to the implications for research and the identification of needs and intervention with children who exhibit pure inattentive behavior.


We report preliminary measurements of the magnetic noise from a series of thin YBCO films close to the superconducting transition. This is part of a more extended study of the relationship of flux noise to film thickness and morphology. We find that there are two contributions to the noise, one which is dominant at and above the noise peak and is a function of the temperature dependent resistivity of the film and another which contributes the conventional 1/f noise and is dominant at lower temperatures. The relative contributions are affected by both magnetic field and film morphology.


Air temperatures at 8, 30 and 52 m above ground and v ertical fluxes of latent heat and sensible heat at 54 m height, were measured during one month of the dry season (August, 2005) and another month (April, 2005) of the rainy season at Caxiuana's forest micrometeorological tower. The average temperature profiles for daylight and night periods, as well as, the sensible and latent heat fluxes estimated and measured, showed significantly different and frequently opposite behavior of these quantities, within two layers defined between 8 and 30 m, below the forest canopy, and 30 to 52 m, above the canopy. The canopy seems to act as a heat source during the daylight hours and a sink of heat at night. Overall, the sum of the sensible and latent heat fluxes may reach 90% of the short wave net radiation, over this site. The results suggest that more attention should be given to the air layer below the canopy, if one seeks to understand the heat and water vapor exchanges between the soils surface and the atmosphere, above the canopy of such type of forest.


Subscriptions Direct all orders to Duke University Press, Journals Customer Relations, 905 W. Main St., Suite 18B, Durham, NC 27701. Annual subscription rates: print-plus-electronic institutions, $136; print-only institutions, $126; e-only institutions, $104; individuals, $40; students, $24. For information on subscriptions to the e-Duke Journals Scholarly Collections, contact firstname.lastname@example.com. Print subscriptions: add $8 postage and applicable HST (including 5% GST) for Canada; add $10 postage outside the US and Canada. Back volumes (institutions): $126. Single issues: institutions, $63; individuals, $18. For more information, contact Duke University Press Journals at 888-651-0122 (toll-free in the US and Canada) or 919-688-5134; firstname.lastname@example.com.


Groupon is a deal-based website that offers discounted gift certificates which can be used at local or national companies. The deals offered cover a wide range of products and services from leisure, entertainment, food and beverages, health, beauty, travel to education. This is a genre analysis study of online food and restaurant advertisements which appear on the Groupon website. This study attempts to investigate how information is structured on the Groupon in terms of its rhetorical structure and linguistic features to attract potential customers to purchase the deal. The study also investigates the most common linguistic features found in the online food and restaurant advertisements in order to serve the informative and persuasive communicative purposes. The nine-move structure for advertisements introduced by Kathpalia (1992) and Bhatia (2004) is adopted as a framework for analysing the data in this study. Twenty Groupon deals of food and restaurant are collected. The moves found in each Groupon deal are identified and the frequency of occurrence of each move is recorded. Adapting Kathpalia's (1992) and Bhatia's (2004) framework, seven moves were identified as most obligatory from the data collected which are Headlines, Targeting the Market, Detailing the Product, Establishing Credentials, Offering Incentives, Using Pressure Tactics and Soliciting Response. All of these moves appear 100% for their frequency counts in the analysis of the data. In addition, two new moves are also established to be the most obligatory moves in this study; Locating the Product or Service Provider and Providing Related Information via Links whereas the Celebrity or Typical User Endorsement is the least. It is noted that the visuals also play a significant role in realising the moves specifically to help readers visualise what is being offered in the online food and restaurant advertisements in the most attractive manner. The most common linguistic features are identified in the samples in realising the moves in the online advertisements. They are the second person interpersonal pronoun 'you' and possessive adjective 'your', adjectives, binomial or multinomial expressions, repetitions, ellipsis and imperatives. It is hoped that this study would provide insights into the way the advertisers utilise their knowledge to accomplish their advertisements as well as to reach their intended audience, and to recommend a structure that may effectively attract potential consumers, which can also provide pedagogical implications for teachers of English Specific Purposes in a practical ESP class. The results of this study may facilitate the advertisers to produce a more effective online advertising. Thus, this would help the advertisers and the writers to decide what information should be used in publishing the successful online advertisements and creating an effective Groupon website.


Introduction In an earlier investigation (Ettlinger and Wegener,31958) three monkeys underwent bilateral ablation of the posterior parietal region, and they were subsequently found to show a defect of reaching which might be interpreted as a degree of "disorientation." At the same time their abilities were unimpaired in tests of tactile discrimination of shape and length. Holmes7(1918) observed a disorder of reaching in patients with bilateral parietal lesions caused by gunshot wounds, and he called attention to the fact that Ferrier had described what appeared to be a similar defect following parietal lesions in the monkey. The present work was designed to examine the defect in reaching following bilateral posterior parietal ablations in the monkey in more detail, to investigate further the possible factors appearing to cause "disorientation," and to examine the animals neurologically and also with a more extensive range of quantitative tests. In the previous


The article describes the different ways of organizing innovation clusters and innovation at the regional level. This article also considers various strategies of innovation management, described the types of innovative clusters. It also describes the international experience of development of innovative clusters.


Loss of one copy of chromosome 22 is the most prevalent chromosomal change in meningioma, indicative of a tumor suppressor on chromosome 22. Meningioma retaining both copies of chromosome 22 could be possibly be explained by isodisomy for a meningioma suppressor gene. To investigate whether the chromosomal situation in meningioma is consistent with this hypothesis, we studied 53 cases, using polymorphic probes localized on chromosome 22. loss of one copy of chromosome 22 was found in 14 cases when polymorphic DNA markers were used. Thirty-nine meningiomas studied by karyotyping and molecular probes retained both copies of chromosome 22. The majority of cases (30/39, or 77%) displayed heterozygous banding patterns, indicating the presence of heterologous copies of chromosome 22. Hence, our data provide no evidence for duplication of one parental homolog as a general mechanism in diploid meningioma.


In Britain today, as well as in all the developed Western countries, more than ever immigration discourse occupies priority space in society, politics, and media. The concern with immigration, the Diaspora of the Other, has reached such a point of shrill and racist political discourse, the public political fora have managed to gain substantial support for this cause from their voting citizens.

In this game of socio-political power the entire discourse is mainly focused around economic migrants. All migrants, here, are lumped under the exclusionary and racist discourse ignoring completely the myriad complexities of migrants' background, the structural reasons for their migration, and the substantial economic contribution they make to the countries where they settle down. Lacking political and media power to counter or influence these hostile discourses, immigrants, as minorities, are victims of racist, xenophobic, and exclusionary political practices and, in their own turn, have desperate recourse to their past in order to construct a global minority identity.

Against such a discursive background, my research among the South Asian immigrants in South Wales in UK has provided an alternative and delicately nuanced way of understanding migration in general and migration to UK in particular. The narratives based on the individual and collective memories of British India Partition in 1947 and its aftermath, the many routes which their migration took, and the experiences of their settling down in South Wales offer a very unique glimpse into their migratory experience and eventual identity evolution.

Given the historical role Great Britain as the colonial power played in their migration I argue that Britain owes its immigrant citizens the respect they deserve, value their forebears' contribution in its colonial and global wars and post-war economic rebuilding, and their continued, creative contribution to British economy, society, culture and its own multicultural identity.