An interesting problem in the field of quantum error correction involves finding a physical system that hosts a ``passively protected quantum memory,'' defined as an encoded qubit coupled to an environment that naturally wants to correct errors. To date, a quantum memory stable against finite-temperature effects is only known in four spatial dimensions or higher. Here, we take a different approach to realize a stable quantum memory by relying on a driven-dissipative environment. We propose a new model, the photonic-Ising model, which appears to passively correct against both bit-flip and phase-flip errors in two dimensions: A square lattice composed of photonic ``cat qubits'' coupled via dissipative terms which tend to fix errors locally. Inspired by the presence of two distinct $\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetry-broken phases, our scheme relies on Ising-like dissipators to protect against bit flips and on a driven-dissipative photonic environment to protect against phase flips. We also discuss possible ways to realize the photonic-Ising model.


Based on PISA survey in 2012, Indonesia was only placed on 64 out of 65 participating countries. The survey suggest that the students' ability of reasoning, spatial orientation, and problem solving are lower compare with other participants countries, especially in Shouth East Asia. Nevertheless, the result of PISA does not elicit clearly on the students' inability in solving PISA problem such as the location and the types of student's errors. Therefore, analyzing students' error in solving PISA problem would be essential countermeasure to help the students in solving mathematics problems and to develop scaffolding. Based on the data analysis, it is found that there are 5 types of error which is made by the subject. They consist of reading error, comprehension error, transformation error, process skill error, and encoding error. The most common mistake that subject do is encoding error with a percentage of 26%. While reading is the fewest errors made by the subjects that is only 12%. The types of given scaffolding was explaining the problem carefully and making a summary of new words and find the meaning of them, restructuring problem-solving strategies and reviewing the results of the completion of the problem.


To examine whether overnight suppression of free fatty acid levels reduces hepatic glucose production, 20 NIDDM patients were given a slow-release formulation of the antilipolytic agent acipimox, in a double-blind crossover manner at bedtime for 4 wk. During acipimox treatment, serum free fatty acid concentrations were suppressed between 2400 and 0600 by 64% (P < 0.001), but no reduction in hepatic glucose production was observed (2.16 ± 0.16 vs. 2.23 ± 0.16 mg · kg−1 · min−1, acipimox vs. placebo). In contrast, from 0800 to 2000 a sustained 50% rise occurred in serum free fatty acids (P < 0.001). As a consequence, the 24-h area under the free fatty acid curve was similar during both treatment periods. In the morning, the rise in free fatty acid concentration occurred despite identical serum acipimox concentrations as those measured at midnight, when free fatty acid levels were suppressed. Although energy expenditure was higher (P < 0.05) during periods of elevated free fatty acid levels, the sums of energy expenditure measured in the morning and in the evening were similar during the acipimox and placebo periods. To exclude that the free fatty acid rise was caused by administration of acipimox only once at bedtime, additional experiments were performed administering acipimox every 2 h for 4 days. Despite similar acipimox concentration on day 1 and day 4 of this frequent dosing regimen, the free fatty acid concentrations were significantly higher on day 4 compared with day 1 (P < 0.01). In conclusion, under these circumstances overnight lowering of serum free fatty acid by antilipolytic treatment does not reduce hepatic glucose production in patients with NIDDM. Instead, it results in a sustained daytime rise in free fatty acid, leading to unchanged 24-h free fatty acid levels. This compensatory free fatty acid rise may be necessary to maintain energy production unchanged. Long-term studies are required to answer the question whether it is possible to inhibit the appearance of a major energy substrate as free fatty acid during chronic therapy in patients with NIDDM.


The main goal of this work is to develop a fully automatic face recognition algorithm. Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) has sparingly been used in face recognition. In this paper, a Modified SIFT (MSIFT) approach has been proposed to enhance the recognition performance of SIFT. In this paper, the work is done in three steps. First, the smoothing of the image has been done using DWT. Second, the computational complexity of SIFT in descriptor calculation is reduced by subtracting average from each descriptor instead of normalization. Third, the algorithm is made automatic by using Coefficient of Correlation (CoC) instead of using the distance ratio (which requires user interaction). The main achievement of this method is reduced database size, as it requires only neutral images to store instead of all the expressions of the same face image. The experiments are performed on the Japanese Female Facial Expression (JAFFE) database, which indicates that the proposed approach achieves better performance than SIFT based methods. In addition, it shows robustness against various facial expressions.


We consider models which are classically used in the simulation of airflows and blood flows andinvestigate the numerical stability of some discretization strategies. The geometrical complexity of the networksin which air/blood flows leads to a classical decomposition of two areas: a truncated 3D geometry correspondingto the largest contribution of the domain and a 0D part connected to the 3D part, modelling air/blood flowsin smaller airways/vessels. The resulting Navier-Stokes system in the 3D truncated part may involve non-local boundary conditions, deriving from a mechanical model. For various 3D/0D coupled models, differentdiscretization processes are presented and analyzed in terms of numerical stability, highlighting strong differencesaccording to the regimes that are considered. In particular, two main stability issues are investigated: first thecoupling between the 3D and the 0D part for which implicit or explicit strategies are studied and, second, thequestion of estimating the amount of kinetic energy entering the 3D domain because of the artificial boundaries.In particular, we prove new estimates in appropriate norms for the discretized-in-time Navier-Stokes system.These estimates are derived under conditions on the smallness of the data, enlighting the intrinsic difficultyencountered with such systems to perform realistic simulations. We illustrate some of the theoretical resultswith numerical simulations, firstly in a single tube, then in a bifurcation geometry and finally in real geometries.Finally, we discuss the difference between airflows and blood flows in terms of numerical stability related tothe magnitude of the physiological and physical parameters. Stokes and Navier-Stokes equations; coupling ofmodels; numerical stability; numerical computations; finite element method


To enhance the quality and near real time production of K-based planetary magnetic activity indices, such as am, and longitude-sector indices, aλ, there is a requirement for local three-hourly K index values from the South Atlantic observatory at Port Stanley. We describe the computer algorithm used to estimate the solar regular variation, SR, and techniques used to establish the parameters required to derive the K indices. We analyse the results by comparing the distributions of K values with observatories at similar geomagnetic latitude and thus with likely similar levels of geomagnetic activity. We also look for biases by comparing the indices directly to those from nearby observatories. Both sets of results show a good overall agreement. However adjustment of input parameters will be necessary if improved agreement with the indices from the other observatories is required.


Working curves for the cyclic voltammetric behavior of semiconductor electrodes have been generated by consideration of a model electrode circuit. The circuit consists of an ideal photodiode in series with a metal electrode. The electroactive material is considered to be an ideally behaving, surface-attached redox couple. The solution for the diode/electrode current-voltage characteristic has been solved numerically. Simulations have been performed under varying levels of illumination and for different values of the diode barrier height, the voltage scan rate, and the amount of electroactive material. Chopped scans have also been simulated, where the forward scan is in the light and the reverse scan is in the dark. Emphasis has been placed on modeling cyclic voltammetric data under common experimental conditions, in order to provide a basis for comparison with experiments in the literature.


1. Corallium rubrum is a precious circum-Mediterranean octocoral, which occurs on rocky reefs between 10 and over 250 m in depth.

2. This species has been harvested for a long time and most commercial populations have been over-exploited. The Mediterranean overall yield was reduced by 66% over the last 15 years.

3. Two type populations may be identified: (a) dense shallow-water populations consisting of small, slow-growing, short-lived colonies and (b) deep-dwelling populations, composed of large, sparse, long-lived colonies. The former populations have little economic value, but should ensure a reproductive stock for the species.

4. While the structure and demography of shallow-water populations have been studied, the demographic parameters of deep-dwelling populations are largely unknown.

5. Recent genetic studies quantified levels of genetic divergence among coastal populations. Estimated numbers of migrants among populations suggested that the planulae of C. rubrum have short-range dispersal. Geographic distances greater than 100 km can be considered as the threshold for genetic divergence between populations.

6. Development of a regime for the sustainable exploitation of this species requires a better knowledge of population dynamics, life-history traits and quantitative genetics, especially concerning commercial populations. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Loading classical data into quantum registers is one of the most important primitives of quantum computing. While the complexity of preparing a generic quantum state is exponential in the number of qubits, in many practical tasks the state to prepare has a certain structure that allows for faster preparation. In this paper, we consider quantum states that can be efficiently represented by (reduced) decision diagrams, a versatile data structure for the representation and analysis of Boolean functions. We design an algorithm that utilises the structure of decision diagrams to prepare their associated quantum states. Our algorithm has a circuit complexity that is linear in the number of paths in the decision diagram. Numerical experiments show that our algorithm reduces the circuit complexity by up to 31.85% compared to the state-of-the-art algorithm, when preparing generic $n$-qubit states with different degrees of non-zero amplitudes. Additionally, for states with sparse decision diagrams, including the initial state of the quantum Byzantine agreement protocol, our algorithm reduces the number of CNOTs by 86.61% $\sim$ 99.9%.


We report the results obtained from an experimentation in open field to control both corky rot and some viruses of tomato by use of different mulching films. Experiments were carried out in agricultural areas of Cerignola (FG) using seven plastic films for mulching soil of 'Talent' tomato plants. The plastic films compared were the following: black film, black biodegradable film, silver film, fume film, green FSL film, green translucent film and reflecting with black layer film. During the vegetative cycle, the tomato plants received the ordinary agricultural cure. Visual surveys were carried out weekly in order to evidence plant tissues alterations. Foliar samples from each treatment were taken and subjected to analyses to ascertain viruses presence (CMV, TSWV, PZSV, EMDV and TYLCV). At the end of the agricultural cycle, all plants were pulled out, and in laboratory their roots subjected to visual and mycological analyses. Yield of tomato plants differently mulched was considered such as quality indicator. Results obtained from molecular analyses showed occurring TSWV and CMV infections on 30% plants mulched with green translucent film. While, TSWV infections were observed with percentages of plants from 20 to 15% from parcels mulched with white biodegradable film, Fume film, green FSL film, black biodegradable film and black film. Rare plants (lower 1%) infected by PZSW or EMDV were observed. Pyrenochaeta lycopersici was the fungal species more frequently isolated from roots showing necrotic symptoms and corky rot. Statistical analyses allowed to evidence significantly that silver and reflecting with black layer films are more efficacious than other mulching films used to control corky rot while, black, black biodegradable, fume, green FSL and green translucent films resulted more efficacious to repel vector of TSWV and CMV.


Voices from Weimar is the slightly misleading subtitle that Austin Harrington gives to his German Cosmopolitan Social Thought and the Idea of the West. While Harrington uses the voices of various people to speak about what was happening in Weimar, he tends to use them as if they were referring to a pleasant dream about it and not to the nightmare that Weimar mostly was. This is not to say that Harrington is wrong—many of the thinkers he discusses did try to make Germany more liberal and democratic during those years of the Weimar crises, but ultimately they failed. Harrington's intention to provide an ideal alternative was also bound to fail—because that often happens when dreams are confronted by reality. However, Harrington should be applauded for mounting a vigorous defense on behalf of the Weimar intellectuals and he should be praised for telling a complex and critical story.


Objective To verify the safety and effectiveness of manual therapy intervention using fascial therapy in adult patients with haemophilic elbow arthropathy. Methods Prospective cohort study. A total of 28 patients with haemophilic elbow arthropathy was recruited in 3 cities in Spain. Patients received one-fascial therapy session per week for 3 weeks. The dependent variables were: frequency of joint bleeding, joint pain (visual analogue score) and joint status (Hemophilia Joint Health Score). Outcomes were measured at baseline (T0), post-treatment (T1) and after 3 months' follow-up (T2). Using Student's t-test, the means obtained in the evaluations were compared. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) test of repeated measures provided the intra-subject effect. The chosen level of significance was p < 0.05. Results A total of 28 patients were recruited according to the selection criteria. No joint bleeding occurred during or after the intervention. The primary outcome, frequency of bleeding, improved after intervention (p <0.001). The secondary variables joint status and joint pain improved after the experimental period (p <0.001). There were significant changes in the repeated measures factor in the frequency of haemarthrosis (F = 20.61; p = 0.00), joint status (F = 64.11; p = 0.00) and perceived pain (F = 33.15; p = 0.00). Conclusion Manual therapy using fascial therapy did not produce haemarthrosis in patients with haemophilic elbow arthropathy. Fascial therapy can improve the perception of pain and joint state,maintaining this improvement after a follow-up period of 3 months. LAY ABSTRACT Haemophilia is a rare disease in which there is a deficiency in some of the blood proteins, which makes it difficult for blood to clot. Patients with haemophilia can present degenerative lesions in joints such as the knee, ankle or elbow, due to joint bleeding, which appears spontaneously with minimal trauma. From an early age, these patients may develop mobility limitations, bleeding, and chronic pain, leading to degenerative damage, known as haemophilic arthropathy. This study examined the safety and efficacy of manual therapy in 28 patients with haemophilia and elbow arthropathy after 3 weeks of treatment. Manual therapy was shown to reduce joint bleeding, improving pain and joint status of the elbow in patients with elbow haemophilic arthropathy.


Background Changes in innate and adaptive immunity occurring in/around pancreatic islets had been observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of Caucasian T1D patients by some, but not all researchers. The aim of our study was to investigate whether gene expression patterns of PBMC of the highly admixed Brazilian population could add knowledge about T1D pathogenic mechanisms. Methods We assessed global gene expression in PBMC from two groups matched for age, sex and BMI: 20 patients with recent-onset T1D (≤ 6 months from diagnosis, in a time when the autoimmune process is still highly active), testing positive for one or more islet autoantibodies and 20 islet autoantibody-negative healthy controls. Results We identified 474 differentially expressed genes between groups. The most expressed genes in T1D group favored host defense, inflammatory and anti-bacterial/antiviral effects (LFT, DEFA4, DEFA1, CTSG, KCNMA1) and cell cycle progression. Several of the downregulated genes in T1D target cellular repair, control of inflammation and immune tolerance. They were related to T helper 2 pathway, induction of FOXP3 expression (AREG) and immune tolerance (SMAD6). SMAD6 expression correlated negatively with islet ZnT8 antibody. The expression of PDE12, that offers resistance to viral pathogens was decreased and negatively related to ZnT8A and GADA levels. The increased expression of long non coding RNAs MALAT1 and NEAT1, related to inflammatory mediators, autoimmune diseases and innate immune response against viral infections reinforced these data Conclusions Our analysis suggested the activation of cell development, anti-infectious and inflammatory pathways, indicating immune activation, whereas immune-regulatory pathways were downregulated in PBMC from recent-onset T1D patients with a differential genetic profile.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the risk factors and short-term outcome until 3 years of age for subsequent wheezing in children with early childhood bronchiolitis or pneumonia.

DESIGN
Prospective follow-up of a patient group.

SETTING
University hospital providing primary care for all pediatric patients of a defined area.

PATIENTS
One hundred twenty-seven children under 2 years of age hospitalized owing to wheezing (n = 83) or pneumonia (n = 44) during 12 months in 1981 to 1982. One hundred eight children completed the prospective follow-up until 3 years of age.

INTERVENTIONS
None.

MAIN RESULTS
The wheezing and pneumonia groups had equal viral and bacterial etiologic findings. History of wheezing, atopic eczema, and elevated serum IgE levels were more common in patients with wheezing than with pneumonia. Subsequent wheezing was seen after bronchiolitis in 76% (61 of 80) of the children at 1 to 2 years of age and in 58% (44 of 76) at 2 to 3 years of age. The respective figures were significantly lower, 9% (three of 33) and 16% (five of 32), in patients with pneumonia. An analysis of risk factors did not reveal any with a significant effect on subsequent wheezing.

CONCLUSIONS
Subsequent wheezing is common after bronchiolitis, but rare after early childhood pneumonia, although caused by the same viruses or bacteria. Atopic diathesis is the host factor associated with initial wheezing. No genetic or environmental risk factor had significant association with later wheezing.


Two-dimensional measurements were performed of the relation between the charge transported and number of photons emitted, accompanying discharges in air at the surface of a dielectric. The creep discharges were analysed for opaque dielectrics placed in an AC field of v=50 Hz and intensity of 103 V mm-1. A linear relation was found to exist between the number of photons and the charge, Nph= kappa Q, the coefficient kappa varying with the polarity of the electrode at which the discharges occurred, kappa +/ kappa -=0.5-0.8. It is postulated that the difference in kappa + and kappa - is due to the different average energy of electrons giving the discharge channel.


This article deals with distribution strategies in the car industry. As markets mature and competition gets tougher, numerous industries have become subject to substantial overcapacity and a simultaneous pressure to keep costs low while at the same time emphasizing immaterial values. Thus, manufacturers, middlemen and retailers have to work with cost-efficiency in both manufacturing and distribution at the same time as tough competition forces actors to strengthen the brand. This study on distribution strategies is based on extensive case studies of car distribution chains in Sweden, the UK, Germany, Spain and Australia. Slightly more than 100 interviews were carried out with manufacturers, importers, dealers and industry experts. The interviews were semi-structured in order to give room for interviewees- thoughts and unreservedness, thus reflecting an exploratory approach. The theoretical assumptions of the study embrace business strategy, corporate identity, brand management, distribution theory, and channel ownership, i.e. direct vs. indirect channels. In the empirical material, a clear pattern emerges: volume and premium brands are found to be guided by fundamentally different mechanisms. While distribution activities may be shared amongst channel members in a channel selling volume brands, there is a high need for coordination in channels selling premium brands to secure premium values that reflect the brand-s raison d-etre and justify its price premium. On the other hand, premium brands evince a number of important characteristics that reflect high brand attractiveness. Substantial differences between volume and premium brands were found as regards cost vs. brand focus, channel control, channel coordination, customer behaviour and the potential of indirect sales channels.


In this paper, a coordinate rotation digital computer (CORDIC)-based array architecture is presented for computing the multidimensional (M-D) discrete Hartley transform (DHT). Since the kernel of the M-D DHT is inseparable, the M-D DHT problems cannot be computed through the 1-D DHT's directly. Bracewell et al. have presented an algorithm for the M-D DHT through the 1-D DHT's. The existing hardware architectures have been designed using this algorithm. However, the postprocessing required in the algorithm leads to high hardware overhead. This paper presents a new algorithm to compute M-D DHT through a special 1-D transform which is derived through considering both the separable computation and the efficient implementation with CORDIC architectures. This algorithm provides a direct way to compute the M-D DHT separably through 1-D transforms with simpler postprocessing than that in Bracewell's approach. Also, the algorithm exploits the symmetry of the triangular functions to reduce the computational complexity. Using this algorithm, we design an array architecture for the M-D DHT. This architecture features a systolic computing style, PE's with a CORDIC structure, low I/O cost, and the encapsulated new M-D DHT algorithm. >


comprehensive morphometric study of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue depots in mice, hamsters and rats. Int. J. Morphol., 40(5) :1219-1227, 2022. SUMMARY: Adipose tissue morphology of different fat tissue depots can be described using the number of adipocytes and cell surface of adipocytes. This study deals with characteristics and morphometric analysis of white and brown adipose tissue depots in healthy adult laboratory mice, hamsters and rats of both sexes. The number of unilocular adipocytes in white adipose tissue differs from one adipose tissue depot to another, with the largest number of adipocytes in mice and a similar number in hamsters and rats. The smallest surface area and the largest percentage of small unilocular adipocytes were found in mice. White adipose tissue in hamsters and rats was predominantly made out of a larger percentage of medium-sized adipocytes and a smaller percentage of small and medium-sized adipocytes. Uncoupling protein 1 positive multilocular adipocytes were found in classic brown adipose tissue depots with larger percentages in mice (93.20 %) and hamsters (91.30 %), while rats had a smaller percentage (78.10 %). In white and brown adipose tissue, significant differences between species and both sexes within the same species were found, indicating the influence of sexual dimorphism. The presented morphometric results could serve as a basis for further studies concerning experimental animal models of metabolic disorders and obesity.


Some of the isotopic constraints on the development of continental crust from about 3.8 Ga ago are reviewed. Particularly it is noted that Archaean granitic (sensu lato) rocks have initial 143Nd /144Nd ratios close to predicted values for the bulk Earth at the time before emplacement, whereas those Phanerozoic granites investigated so far diverge considerably from the bulk Earth and betray the existence of later continental crust in their provenance. Geochemical evidence for recycling of some continent-derived elements into the mantle is examined and the important distinction between selected element recycling and bulk return of continental material is emphasized. Various transport models that have been proposed to model the development of continental crust are examined and some of their differences and similarities, particularly with respect to implications for continental recycling, are highlighted.


This paper studies the problem of adaptive fuzzy asymptotic tracking control for multiple input multiple output nonlinear systems in nonstrict‐feedback form. Full state constraints, input quantization, and unknown control direction are simultaneously considered in the systems. By using the fuzzy logic systems, the unknown nonlinear functions are identified. A modified partition of variables is introduced to handle the difficulty caused by nonstrict‐feedback structure. In each step of the backstepping design, the symmetric barrier Lyapunov functions are designed to avoid the breach of the state constraints, and the issues of overparametrization and unknown control direction are settled via introducing two compensation functions and the property of Nussbaum function, respectively. Furthermore, an adaptive fuzzy asymptotic tracking control strategy is raised. Based on Lyapunov stability analysis, the developed control strategy can effectually ensure that all the system variables are bounded, and the tracking errors asymptotically converge to zero. Eventually, simulation results are supplied to verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme.


Skyline query is useful in many multi-criteria decision making applications. However, skyline queries on large data sets usually produce too many results to offer interesting insights. In this paper, we propose a new query called referential skyline, which refines the skyline according to a few reference points provided by the user. Given a reference, a referential skyline (RS) query retrieves the skyline points which dominate it. When given multiple references, the skyline points are ranked by the number of references that each one dominates. We present an R-tree based scheme to process the referential skyline query. We also propose the problem to retrieve the Τορ-δ Referential Skyline (TRS) under multiple references. Our comprehensive experiments indicate the effectiveness and efficiency of our scheme when processing referential skyline and top-δ referential skyline queries.


Pervasive and ad hoc computing applications are frequently deployed in dynamic networks. Due to mobility of the computing nodes, their unreliability, or a limited communication range, at any time a node may enter or leave an interaction between a group of application components. Middleware approaches have been proposed to deal with these dynamics, by supporting the dissemination (or gathering) of information in dynamic networks. In our experience however, applications frequently need to execute a complete protocol to coordinate. Existing middleware can then be used as a discovery mechanism, but offers no support for handling the protocol itself. This paper presents a middleware model that enables an easier implementation of distributed protocols that need to take into account the continuously changing context in the dynamic network. It uses roles as a first order abstraction, handles the distributed instantiation of roles in an interaction session, and maintains the session as nodes in the mobile network move. We describe our experience with applying the middleware in a case study on a system of automatic guided vehicles.


Aim: To identify and rank the predictors of athletic performance for female judo athletes observed in three weight groups. Methods: In this study we interviewed 27 top-level European judo coaches, and asked them to rank the importance of different general physical fitness and specific strength variables in the success of female judo athletes. Coaches judged the importance of each factor separately for three weight groups: lightweight ( 63 kg) athletes. Additionally, we established coefficients of concordance to assess agreement among respondents (judo coaches) about judo achievement predictors. Results: The Kendall Tau coefficient showed high agreement among respondents (0.56). Among the general factors, coaches ranked physical fitness as the most important, followed by technical and tactical knowledge, psychic profile, sport-specific intelligence, and body constitution, with no differences in the hierarchical structures among weight categories. Middleweight and heavyweight athletes benefit most from maximal strength, while motor-skill speed and muscular endurance were judged as the most important factors in lightweighters. Conclusion: It can be concluded that motor-skill speed and muscular endurance are significant predictors of sport success in lightweight judoists, while maximal strength is more closely related to performance in middleweight and heavyweight female judo athletes. It is interesting to note that experts share the opinion that endurance is one of the most important physical fitness factors regardless of weight category.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The disability paradox postulates that some individuals with severe functional limitations demonstrate psychological resilience, that is, good mental health and quality of life. Resilience to disabilities has been linked to psychological (e.g., mastery) and social factors (e.g., social provisions). It is, however, less clear whether cultural factors can provide additional resources for resilience building in older immigrants. We investigated the extent to which sociodemographic, psychosocial, and cultural factors contributed to psychological resilience to disabilities among immigrants of Turkish and Moroccan descent in the Netherlands.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHOD
The sample included 478 older immigrants aged 55-65 years. Data were analyzed using latent profile analysis and multinomial logistic regressions.

RESULTS
Five categories were identified: (a) High physical and emotional functioning; (b) High physical but poor emotional functioning; (c) Low physical but high emotional functioning (resilient); (d) Low physical and emotional functioning; and (e) Low physical and very low emotional functioning. Resilient functioning (reference category) was associated with poorer Dutch language proficiency, lower levels of loneliness, greater mastery, and more religious coping.

DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS
Findings provide support for the disability paradox and highlight social provisions, mastery, and religiosity/spirituality as important resources for psychological resilience in older labor migrants. Poor Dutch language proficiency is discussed as a potential factor contributing to severe functional limitations in the resilient category.


- Performance of a company is typically considered and concerned in the present. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship model among the constructs, namely dynamic capability, corporate image, innovativeness and corporate performance. The mail questionnaires were distributed, and 112 companies were returned for a total response rate of 32%. The method of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyze the data. It found that dynamic capability affected directly the effects of innovativeness, and indirectly the effects of corporate image. Moreover, innovativeness and corporate image affected corporate performance.


In this study, European Union's general migration policy is studied. Also, immigrants in European Union and their problem are mentioned. This study is studied by explanatory approach and literature review method. The problem during the research is that there is not much source about problems of immigrants in European Union. European Union's policy on immigrants in European Union is based on controlling and integration. Controlling is possible via legal migration. Integration is possible via fill the gaps between cultures. As a brief, common problems of immigrants (asylum seeker, refugee, kids of refugees) in European Union are these: problems because illegal entrance, problem of reaching to education, reaching to health service problem and assimilation problem.


In recent years there has been a remarkable proliferation of literature – critical and exhortatory – about the Responsibility to Protect (R2P). While this has included many derivative contributions, Anne Orford's International Authority and the Responsibility to Protect constitutes a compelling and original critique which transcends the often circular – and largely unhelpful – academic debates to date. Orford argues that R2P is the latest manifestation of a world view that can be traced to Dag Hammarskjold's tenure as UN Secretary General. Hammarskjold's understanding of authority as protection, she argues, echoes the works of Hobbes and Schmitt and sacrifices constitutional accountability and popular sovereignty for the greater good of protection (p. 170). An agenda that links 'authority, responsibility and protection', she argues, 'is at once revolutionary and authoritarian' (p. 109).The conflation leads, via the centralisation of power for the benefit of the many, to the denial of individual agency and, in the Schmittian conception, to the point where 'the freedom of the individual was incorporated above the material interests or needs of any given individual or group' (p. 111). R2P's conception of authority as the capacity to protect 'tends to privilege certain kinds of institutions and certain forms of action over others ... the turn to protection functions to privilege de facto over de jure authority, or fact over right' (p. 133).While R2P recognises both the state's and the 'international community's' jurisdiction and responsibility, it crucially fails to outline how authority transfers from the former to the latter. Orford suggests these are more than obscure theoretical or legal concerns as the policies 'implemented through the responsibility to protect concept have limited the capacity of decolonised states to realise self-determination, to redistribute property, to restructure authority and to exercise power over life and death' (p. 208). There is arguably an inflation of the deleterious impact of R2P; there is too little analysis of the way 'humanitarian interventions' were authorised in the post-Cold War era prior to 2005 when there was arguably even less regulation. Orford does an excellent job of uncovering concealed normative agendas, but are these agendas inherently nefarious or just naïve (p. 209)? Her claim that 'only the "international community" ... may legitimately stage a revolution in the decolonised world' is questionable in the light of the events in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya which occurred soon after this book was published (p. 209). Nonetheless, this is a book of immense importance and one that serious scholars interested in R2P – whatever their preexisting views – should read.


1. Seventy 1-d-old broiler chicks were experimentally inoculated orally with Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0:3 (1.4 x 10(11) cells/chick), 0:8 (1.6 x 10(11) cells) and 0:9 (8.0 x 10(10) cells) with or without sodium bicarbonate solution (10 g/l). 2. None of the chicks showed any overt clinical signs or pathological lesions although the organism was demonstrated in the ileum and shedding was observed up to 13 d after exposure. 3. The serotype, dose of Y. enterocolitica and administration of NaHCO3 solution had no significant effect on the weight gain of exposed broiler chicks. 4. Y. enterocolitica was isolated from the liver, spleen, heart and gall bladder of infected chicks 70 d after exposure. 5. Although broiler chicks appear resistant to high doses of Y. enterocolitica by the oral route, detection of the organism in the organs of infected chickens is of public health significance.


The goal of measurements of the resisting force generated by a molecular bond as it is being forcibly separated under controlled conditions is to determine functional characteristics of the bond. Here, we establish the dependence of force history during unbinding on both those parameters chosen to characterize the bond itself and the controllable loading parameters. This is pursued for the practical range of behavior in which unbinding occurs diffusively rather than ballistically, building on the classic work of Kramers. For a bond represented by a one-dimensional energy landscape, modified by a second time-dependent energy profile representing applied loading, we present a mathematical analysis showing the dependence of the resistance of the bond-on-bond well shape, general time dependence of the imposed loading, and stiffness of the loading apparatus. The quality of the result is established through comparison with full numerical solutions of the underlying Smoluchowski equation.


Tetanus, an almost forgotten but serious disease Tetanus is the systemic consequence of a local infection with Clostridium tetani, that produces toxin which spreads in the systemic circulation. In developed countries, it is extremely rare. Women born before 1950 are a group at risk due to lower prevalence of immunisation. This report describes a case of tetanus. The patient is a previously healthy 82-year-old woman. She presented to primary care with a complaint of stiffness in the neck and jaw. A physical exam and basic laboratory tests were normal apart from a slightly increased blood pressure. Later the same day she was admitted to the intensive care unit for suspected tetanus. During the night she deteriorated with marked stiffness in her thorax and, as a result of this, severe respiratory distress. After induction of anesthesia she was ventilated and intubated without problem. The treatment for tetanus, an antibody, was given 5 hours later after urgent delivery from the national supply. The patient was successfully weaned from the ventilator after 37 days. During intensive care she had fluctuating stiffness and autonomic instability, both commonly described in patients with tetanus.


Survival models — particularly those able to account for patient comorbidities via competing risks analysis — offer valuable prognostic information to clinicians making critical decisions and represent a growing area of application for machine learning approaches. However, current methods typically involve restrictive parameterisations, discretisation of time or the modelling of only one event cause. In this paper, we highlight how general cumulative distribution functions can be naturally expressed via neural network-based ordinary differential equations and how this observation can be utilised in survival analysis. In particular, we present DeSurv, a neural derivative-based approach capable of avoid-ing the aforementioned restrictions and flexibly modelling competing-risk survival data in continuous time. We apply DeSurv to both single-risk and competing-risk synthetic and real-world datasets and obtain results which compare favourably with current state-of-the-art models.


Introduction: Prehospital thrombolysis has been shown to improve patient outcomes in clinical trials and this has been confirmed in the ongoing large national myocardial infarction registry (Myocardial Infarction National Audit Project; MINAP) reports. This paper describes a system to improve the delivery of prehospital thrombolysis and the associated governance requirements to gain maximum patient benefit. Methods: Demographic data were prospectively collected on all patients treated by the East Anglian Ambulance Trust with bolus thrombolytics for a presumed diagnosis of ST elevation myocardial infarction between November 2003 and February 2007. Survival status was determined from the NHS strategic tracing service. Results: 1062 patients (mean age 64.0 years (SD 10.6), 795 men) were treated in this time period. There were 71 deaths in this group, with actuarial survival of 93.9% (SE 0.9%) at 30 days, 91.7% (SE 1.0%) at 6 months and 90.8% (SE 1.1%) at 12 months after treatment. Age and cardiac arrest were most strongly associated with mortality (both p<0.001). Twelve (1.2%) patients received thrombolysis that on review was considered inappropriate. There were no deaths in this subgroup. Conclusions: Prehospital thrombolysis can be administered safely by ambulance staff supported by a Trust clinical support system with excellent clinical outcomes.


In order to solve the complicated problems faced by the spread of diversified information devices and changes in the user environment in recent years, the importance of training creative talent as well as the need for interdisciplinary convergent approach have emerged. As a future technology development project, convergence education with the design sector for training creative talent in the IT field is also urgent. In this study, we recognized the importance and problems of the convergent approach between IT and design sector by examining the convergence theory and cases with a focus on effective creativity development and sought a new direction for convergence education in the future by investigating the awareness on the convergent approach of college students and analyzing the results. This will be able to have significance as a basic study for discovering creative and innovative convergent talent in the IT and design sector in the future and strengthening basic competence.


Pragmatics studies how context can contribute to language meanings [1]. In human communication, language is never interpreted out of context, and sentences can usually convey more information than their literal meanings [2]. However, this mechanism is missing in most multi-agent systems [3, 4, 5, 6], restricting the communication efficiency and the capability of human-agent interaction. In this paper, we propose an algorithm, using which agents can spontaneously learn the ability to "read between lines" without any explicit hand-designed rules. We integrate the theory of mind (ToM) [7, 8] in a cooperative multi-agent pedagogical situation and propose an adaptive reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm to develop a communication protocol. ToM is a profound cognitive science concept, claiming that people regularly reason about other's mental states, including beliefs, goals, and intentions, to obtain performance advantage in competition, cooperation or coalition. With this ability, agents consider language as not only messages but also rational acts reflecting others' hidden states. Our experiments demonstrate the advantage of pragmatic protocols over non-pragmatic protocols. We also show the teaching complexity following the pragmatic protocol empirically approximates to recursive teaching dimension (RTD).


The liverwort family Frullaniaceae is circumscribed to include the single genus, Frullania , and has a complex and confusing taxonomical history. An overview is provided for the infrageneric classification adopted for the forthcoming worldwide checklist based on recent morphological and molecular studies. The genus is preliminarily subdivided into eleven subgenera, F . subg. Chonanthelia , F . subg. Diastaloba , F . subg. Diversitextae , F . subg. Frullania , F . subg. Homotropantha , F . subg. Mammillosae , F . subg. Meteoriopsis , F . subg. Microfrullania , F . subg. Saccophora , F . subg. Steerea , and F . subg. Thyopsiella , as well as several sections. However, some of the subgeneric divisions are only doubtfully recognized because there is still insufficient knowledge to arrive at a decision regarding their systematic status and placement. The taxa may be either originally not well described, not restudied recently or molecular analyses point to a more complex internal structure of the respective group. Fourteen new synonyms, eight new combinations, five new names, eight lectotypifications, and one new variety are provided.


Exhibition design as preferential research framework in redefining interior spaces value-ratio in contemporary architecture debate: the merging end integration approach introduced by communication and performative exhibition practices is redesigning culturally and physically the pre-existing spaces.
Exhibition design research innovative carrying out planning approach for changing strategies simultaneity knowledge spreading.
In this way it became the most interesting and topical interior design project act, able to translate performing spaces into crossing experience built also with meanings dissemination and "surfing" knowledge method.
The exhibition design direction is a different tool to control and develop multimodal approach to interior territories whose outcome fit to new social landscapes
The Installation of an exhibition space meaning is now coming into sight as work-in-progress multi-disciplinary range, increasingly complex. The experiential element (whom exponential use of digital solution is just an exterior consequence) will increasing more and more and will bring to ostensive solutions development looking to new classifying parameters capable in enclosing several simultaneous organizing relationships. These parameters represents many super-structural rationalization process aptitudes that draw close true courses and imaginary tours, into complex changeable landscapes where raise to the surface place, objects and viewers sense and myths, made by production act, supervising to thoughts and actions as independent and symbiotic designer and visitor condition.


ABSTRACT This article traces the development and crystallization of urban-planning-and-renewal outlooks in Israel in view of the tension between physical renewal and social rehabilitation. The focus on the coalescence of early Israeli policy (1960-1975) reveals a gradual and protracted process in which the concept of social renewal trickled into the agenda of policymakers and experts. We argue that in the Israeli case, the belated arrival of the 'bulldozer approach', and the consolidation of the local urban-renewal approach at a time when policymakers and planners in Europe and North America were shifting away from slum demolition, combined with local social circumstances and changes in social policy, ultimately prompted Israeli policymakers to focus on preserving existing communities and favouring residents' co-optation into the process. This analysis of the encounter between Western perceptions of the city, and the consolidating urbanity of 'new' states that attained sovereignty after World War II, yields an additional point of view on processes that characterized urban renewal in the second half of the twentieth century. This analysis elucidates the international nature of urban renewal and the reciprocal relations between ideas and knowledge that took shape in the Anglo-American world and those of local legislators and experts elsewhere.


INTRODUCTION
Endothelium-derived relaxing factors such as nitric oxide (NO), prostanoids, and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) are thought to play an important role in vasodilation of penile arteries.

AIM
The present study investigated the mechanisms involved in flow- and acetylcholine-induced vasodilation in penile arteries, and whether acetylcholine- and flow-mediated vasodilation is altered in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, a model of type 2 diabetes. Moreover, it was addressed whether enhanced myogenic tone may explain impaired flow-evoked vasodilation in arteries from ZDF rats.

METHODS
Penile dorsal arteries obtained from lean control and ZDF rats were suspended in a pressure myograph, and flow- and acetylcholine-evoked vasodilation was measured as changes in arterial diameter.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Changes in penile arterial diameter.

RESULTS
Incubation with an inhibitor of NO synthase, asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine (ADMA), and of cyclooxygenase, indomethacin, reduced acetylcholine but not flow-evoked vasodilation in penile arteries, while both responses were abolished by endothelial cell removal. Iberiotoxin, a blocker of large-conductance calcium-activated K+ (BK(Ca) ) channels, inhibited flow-evoked vasodilation. Flow-evoked vasodilation was reduced in arteries from ZDF rats in the absence, but not in the presence, of indomethacin plus ADMA. Elevation of intraluminal pressure increased myogenic tone, which was reduced in arteries from ZDF rats.

CONCLUSION
The present findings show that flow evokes endothelium-dependent EDHF-type vasodilation involving BK(Ca) channels in penile arteries. Flow-evoked vasodilation is reduced and only of EDHF-type in penile arteries from type 2 diabetic rats suggesting modulation of this pathway may restore endothelial function and preserve erection in diabetes.


The phenomenon of earthquake-induced soil liquefaction has been a major issue among geotechnical engineers mainly due to the dramatic consequences this could have on civil structures. Basically, earthquakes propagate shear waves generating excess pore pressures and thus weakening the effective shear resistance of granular soils to their minimum until they liquefy behaving like a viscous fluid. This occurs because the soil experiences undrained behaviour against these rapid cyclic loads. In practice, the cyclic shear resistance of the soil against earthquakes is assessed by means of empirical correlations from in-situ penetration tests and cyclic laboratory tests. However, the liquefaction phenomena analysis is still a topic under research in which soil constitutive models play an important role. The PM4Sand is an advanced soil constitutive model that has been developed to simulate soil liquefaction behaviour of granular soils by defining mainly three model parameters being an easy calibration model and therefore very attractive for the industry. The current project aims, firstly, to verify the PM4Sand model response at soil element level and secondly, to validate its use for quay wall structures design using the finite element methods software, PLAXIS 2D. During the first phase of the project, a comparison between the PM4Sand model response and documented cyclic DSS tests documented by Sriskandakumar (2004) is performed. In this, a parametric assessment identifies the influence of the model parameters on the model response, allowing also to evaluate the original calibration methodology proposed by Boulanger and Ziotopoulou (2017). Consequently, initial state conditions are evaluated. It was observed that a proper calibration of the PM4Sand model provides satisfactory response both in terms of stress paths and generation of excess pore pressure, even though the model tends to overestimate the cyclic resistance of the soil at higher cyclic stress levels and to underestimate this at lower levels with respect to a target 'CRR vs Nc' relation. Moreover, static shear stress effect is not well captured by the model but this is still under discussion as this effect is not fully understood yet. In the next phase, modelling of the case study is developed based on research carried out by Iai and Kameoka (1993). The PM4Sand model is calibrated based on the representative SPT tests at the site to then be implemented on the upper liquefiable soil layers. The dynamic analysis of the collapsed quay wall was applied using different approaches: dynamic analysis with and with consolidation effect, and using free-field and tied-degree of freedom lateral boundaries. The results showed that the PM4Sand model is able to properly simulate the onset of liquefaction even though the displacements obtained were much lower than those documented. Finally, an initial evaluation of the post liquefaction effect of the model was performed that could be considered as a starting point for future research.


Osteoarthritis is one of the most common diseases seen in clinical practice. Cartilage survives in the hypoxic microenvironment. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a key nuclear transcription factor which mediates the hypoxic response of cells. HIF-1α gene is an important regulator for the adaptation of articular cartilage to the hypoxic environment. It is important for formation of articular cartilage, energy metabolism and matrix synthesis. If the HIF-1α gene is knocked out, the cartilage can not maintain their normal morphology and function, which may lead to cartilage degeneration, and result in diseases such as osteoarthritis. Chinese herbal medicines can regulate the expression of HIF-1α gene and supply a therapy method for osteoarthritis. In this paper, the authors review the situation of the correlation between HIF-1α and osteoarthritis cartilage degeneration examined in recent years.


This article focuses on the study of the terms "collecting" or "collection"— particularly of the Asian type—in Chile, through the lens of the following working thesis: the term "collecting", which involves both an acquisition practice and a particular relationship with its elements, has been fundamentally studied as an extension of, or in dependence to, the domain of the museum. This cardinal tenet involves, on the one hand, the decidability adopted by the phenomenon of collecting that is determined by its power to be registered or interpreted based on the enunciative dynamics of the museum field; on the other hand, I shall argue that this stems from its failure to constitute itself as an object which can exist outside the museum's jurisdiction. Regarding this dependence or analogy of Asian Collecting on the area of influence of the museum, this investigation will describe the rules of formation which inform said dependence. By rules of formation, I shall refer to the possibility of a "language", or special enunciation, dominion of the Museum over its objects, articulations, and its reproducible and verifiable scope areas. Specifically, two laws of museality will be developed in the present article, the museum's heterotopia and the taxonomy of what is real. The Museum's domain shall constitute, or rather, express, the positivity which is englobed in the concept of museality in reference to Michel Foucault's definition. As such, this article focuses on the description of norms and rules which make up museality, and the manner in which Asian Collecting is subsumed to and made visible by the concept. For this article, catalogues of Asian collections—once belonging to private Chilean collectors—available in Chile will be used.


Objective: To evaluate and audit the outcomes of Gynaecological Day care Laparoscopic Surgery inNairobi,Kenya Design: Retrospective case analysis Setting: The International Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, Nairobi Subjects: one thousand three hundred and seventy nine patients undergoing Laparoscopic Surgery Results: Between January 2011 to December 2015 a total of 1,379 Laparoscopic procedures were undertaken during the reporting period of which 1,121 ( 88.5 % ) were done as day procedures. In total 137 patients ( 9.9 % ) spent one night at ICMAS, 21 ( 1.5 % ) were transferred to a Major Hospital and 41 patients (2.9 %) underwent conversion to Laparotomy. There were two Hospital re-admissions (0.14 % ) and one complication ( 0.07% ), a bladder injury was encountered. Conclusions: Daycare surgery is a continually evolving speciality being competently performed by several units by various disciplines world over , including Kenya. In recent years the complexity of the procedures has increased with a wider range of patients being considered for challenging surgeries including those presenting with acute conditions. Our experiences have been favourable.


Photorefractive planar waveguides in LiNbO, are fabricated by a combined proton and copper exchange. The dependence of refractive index profiles, optical absorption, and electrooptic coefficients on different fabrication steps is investigated. With holographic methods dark and photoconductivity, holographic sensitivity, and light-induced refractive index change in the waveguides are measured. By the additional copper exchange the steady state diffraction efficiency of holographic gratings in our proton-exchanged waveguides is increased from 0.01 to 65%.


Background: Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCLR) has afforded baseball players with excellent results; however, previous studies have described only short-term outcomes. Purpose: To evaluate long-term outcomes after UCLR in baseball players. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: All UCLRs performed on competitive baseball players with a minimum 10-year follow-up were identified. Surgical data were collected prospectively and patients were surveyed by telephone follow-up, during which scoring systems were used to assess baseball career and post–baseball career outcomes. Results: Of 313 patients, 256 (82%) were contacted at an average of 12.6 years; 83% of these baseball players (90% pitchers) were able to return to the same or higher level of competition in less than 1 year, but results varied according to preoperative level of play. Baseball career longevity was 3.6 years in general and 2.9 years at the same or higher level of play, but major and minor league players returned for longer than did collegiate and high school players after surgery (P < .001). Baseball retirement typically occurred for reasons other than elbow problems (86%). Many players had shoulder problems (34%) or surgery (25%) during their baseball career, and these occurrences most often resulted in retirement attributable to shoulder problems (P < .001). For post–baseball career outcomes, 92% of patients were able to throw without pain, and 98% were still able to participate in throwing at least on a recreational level. The 10-year minimum follow-up scores (mean ± standard deviation) for the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), DASH work module, and DASH sports module were 0.80 ± 4.43, 1.10 ± 6.90, and 2.88 ± 11.91, respectively. Overall, 93% of patients were satisfied, with few reports of persistent elbow pain (3%) or limitation of function (5%). Conclusion: Long-term follow-up of UCLRs in baseball players indicates that most patients were satisfied, with few reports of persistent elbow pain or limitation of function. During their baseball career, most of these athletes were able to return to the same or higher level of competition in less than 1 year, with acceptable career longevity and retirement typically for reasons other than the elbow. According to a standardized disability and outcome scale, patients also had excellent results after UCLR during daily, work, and sporting activities.


The Hemiptera Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) species is one of the main tomato pest in Martinique, due to its role in the transmission of a variety of plant viruses (Urbino et al., 2003). One of the most effective ways to regulate its infestation in agroecology is to keep grassed inter-rows in tomato crops (Bezerra et al., 2004). This practice may have benefits for soil health such as promotion of biological activity. However, it may in some case reduce yields due to resource competition with the main crop (Singh et al., 2015). Our objective was thus to determine whether having grassed inter-rows would improve soil biological fertility in tomato crop. To do so, we monitored the biological activity in bare and grassed tomato inter-rows (spontaneous vegetation, dominated by graminoids) between plantation and flowering stage (March to May 2017) in an experimental site in Le Lamentin (Martinique, France). We used two indicators of biological fertility: lamina-bait decomposition of a labile (bean) and recalcitrant (acacia) substrate to assess soil biological activity, and bioassay to assess nutrient cycling. In line with our expectations, our results evidenced lower Bemisia tabaci densities in tomato crops with grassed than bare inter-rows (P-value = 0.04). In addition, soil biological activity was higher in grassed than bare inter-rows, with a mean increase of 23 and 68% for bean and acacia lamina-baits decomposition, respectively, for all sampling dates. Nonetheless, the biomass produced in bioassay was 31% inferior in soil from grassed than bare inter-rows, which was well reflected by crop yield differences between the two intercropping modalities. These results suggest that while grassed inter-rows may improve soil biological activity and reduce Bemisia tabaci spreading in tomato crop, the resulting soil community may have higher nutritional needs that probably led to competition with tomato growth. We conclude that good biological activity and pest control do not necessarily translate in increased yield in high inputs systems as tomato crops, at least on the short-term.


Recently cognitive radio has been proposed to solve the problem of spectrum scarcity with the help of an opportunistic utilisation of unused spaces in the spectrum. The implementation of cognitive radio for real-time application faces with the challenge of real-time media access control (MAC) design. To this end the authors propose an energy efficient cognitive radio MAC protocol with two level of quality of service (QoS) support: two level quality of service provisioning in cognitive radio (TQCR)-MAC. The data traffic in the cognitive radio network is classified as real-time traffic and non-real-time traffic, with former having higher priority over latter. The proposed protocol utilises variable interframe spaces for implementing different priorities to data and also exploits the combination of multiple channels and time division multiple access (TDMA) scheme to further improve the QoS provisioning. The TDMA slots in different channels are used as the data carrier segment, in which a real-time data can take over the time slots reserved by non-real-time data. Thus, non-real traffic may suffer from starvation, and hence a guarantee on the non-real-time data is provided with the help of a starvation prevention algorithm. The performance analysis of the proposed MAC protocol is done against two similar MAC protocols, which shows that the performance is improved significantly, especially when the network is either biased towards real-time or non-real-time data traffic.


ABSTRACT The multiple crises that the EU has faced over the last decade have provided fertile ground for the emergence of new political movements, often labelled as 'anti-system', 'populist' and 'Eurosceptics'. One defining characteristic of these parties is their claim to represent 'the people' and their reliance on the idea of sovereignty. This article aims at examining how these populist parties have framed sovereignty in relation to the economic and migration crises. It argues that the binary opposition between EU integration and national sovereignty does not tell the whole story, and that the populist upsurge reflects instead competing versions of sovereignty at the national level. To test this hypothesis, we conduct a corpus-based analysis of the discourse of four leading populist parties between 2012 and 2017: the Front National, the UK Independence Party, the Movimento cinque Stelle and Podemos.


Based on nearfield sound pressure sensing to pick up error information, an approach for constructing active acoustic structure to effectively reduce radiated sound power at low frequency is proposed. The idea is that a nearfield pressure after active control is used as error signals and transformed into an objective function in adaptive active control process.Firstly sound power expression using near-field pressure radiated from a flexible structure is derived, and then three kind of nearfield pressure based active control strategies,i.e.minimization of radiated sound power, minimization of sound power for dominant radiation modes and minimization of sound power for modified dominant radiation modes are respectively presented and applied to active control of radiated single and broadband noise. Finally computer simulations on sound power reduction under three strategies are conducted and it is shown that the proposed active control strategies are invalid and considerable reduction in radiated sound power can be achieved.


Squid jigging experiments were carried out to determine whether differences occurred between different colors and lunar brightness in Middle Eastern coast of Aegean Sea. Five different colors of jigs (red, blue, green, orange and white) were used together in same angle. According to one-way analysis of variance results, red jigs were found to be the most efficient in squid  capturing (p < 0.01). General linear model results proved that lunar  brightness of full moon phase showed positive effects to squid catching (p < 0.01). The differences between jigs were statistically significant except  between blue and green. In addition, the relationship between dorsal mantle length of captured specimens and color of jigs were not significant. Key words : Loligo vulgaris, Aegean sea, squid, jigging, colors, lunar phase.


Sudden hearing loss is a very rare complication of interferon–alpha treatment. At this time, hearing loss in patients treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin has only been described in two reports. We present a case of a 27-year-old patient who was diagnosed with Turner syndrome, treated for hepatitis C with pegylated interferon and ribavirin, and suffered from hearing loss during the 10th week of treatment. Audiometric examination revealed a bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Auditory brainstem response (ABR) measures confirmed the diagnosis. We decided to comply with the patient's request to continue therapy, which only led to slight further deterioration of the patient's hearing ability. However, 18 months after the end of therapy a follow-up audiometric examination disclosed a bilateral SNHL.


BACKGROUND
The glycaemic index (GI) is a physiological measure of the ability of a carbohydrate to affect blood glucose. Interest is growing in the low GI carbohydrate concept for the clinical management of people at risk of, or with established coronary heart disease. There is a need to review the current evidence from controlled trials in this area.

OBJECTIVES
The primary objective is to review the current evidence from RCTs that assess the relationship between the consumption of low glycaemic index diets and the effects on coronary heart disease and on risk factors for coronary heart disease.

SEARCH STRATEGY
We searched CENTRAL (Issue 4, 2003), MEDLINE (1966 to 2003), EMBASE (1980 to 2003) and CINAHL (1982 to 2003). We also contacted experts in the field.

SELECTION CRITERIA
We selected randomised controlled trials that assessed the effects of low glycaemic index diets, over a minimum of 4 weeks, on coronary heart disease (CHD) and risk factors. Participants included were adults who carry at least one major risk factor for coronary heart disease such as abnormal lipids, diabetes or being overweight.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two of our research team independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Authors of the included studies were contacted for additional information when this was appropriate.

MAIN RESULTS
Fifteen randomised controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. No studies found reported the effect of low glycaemic index diets on CHD mortality or CHD events and morbidity. All fifteen included studies report the effect of low glycaemic index diets on major risk factors for CHD. Meta-analysis detected limited and weak evidence of a relationship between low glycaemic index diets and slightly lower total cholesterol, compared with higher glycaemic index diets. There is also limited and weak evidence of a small reduction in HbA1c after 12 weeks on low glycaemic index diets but not at 4 to 5 weeks. There is no evidence that low glycaemic index diets have an effect on LDL cholesterol or HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose or fasting insulin levels.

REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS
The evidence from randomised controlled trials showing that low glycaemic index diets reduces coronary heart disease and CHD risk factors is weak. Many of the trials identified were short-term, of poor quality and conducted on small sample sizes. There is a need for well designed, adequately powered, randomised controlled studies, of greater than 12 weeks duration to assess the effects of low glycaemic index diets for CHD.


The major underlying factors that shaped the computer industry as it emerged, beginning in the mid-1940s, are the focus of this paper. Unlike many accounts that primarily discuss technological developments, this paper examines the interaction of three equally important elements: technology, customers and suppliers. The evolution of the computer industry is shown to have been driven initially by national-security customers, and later by cost-sensitive commercial customers. Technological advances made in response to these two customer types are identified, and the successes and failures of suppliers are analyzed in terms of changing customer requirements.


Akaganéite (beta-FeOOH) is a major iron oxyhydroxide component in some soils, marine concretions, and acid mine drainage environments. Recently, synthetic beta-FeOOH has been found to be a promising absorbent in the treatment of metal-contaminated water. It has been recognized in previous study that akaganéite could be formed via FeCl2 chemical oxidation under specific conditions. Here we report a novel and simple method for akaganéite bioformation from FeCl2 solution oxidized by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans LX5 cells at 28 degrees C. After acclimation in modified 9K medium containing 0.2 M chloride, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans cells had great potential for oxidization of Fe2+ as FeCl2 solution, and then resulted in the formation of precipitates. The resulting precipitates were identified by powder X-ray diffraction and transmission FT-IR analyses to be akaganéite. Scanning electron microscopy images showed the akaganéite was spindle-shaped, approximately 200 nm long with an axial ratio of about 5, and the spindles had a rough surface. X-ray energy-dispersive spectral analyses indicated the chemical formula of the crystalloid akaganéite could be expressed as Fe8O8(OH)7.1(Cl)0.9 with Fe/Cl molar ratio of 8.93. The biogenetic akaganéite had a specific surface area of about 100 m2 g(-1) determined by BET method.


Automatic lemmatization is a core application for many language processing tasks. In inflectionally rich languages, such as Slovene, assigning the correct lemma (base form) to each word in a running text is not trivial, since for instance, nouns inflect for number and case, with a complex configuration of endings and stem modifications. The problem is especially difficult for unknown words, since word-forms cannot be matched against a morphological lexicon. This paper discusses a machine learning approach to the automatic lemmatization of unknown words in Slovene texts. We decompose the problem of learning to perform lemmatization into two subproblems: learning to perform morphosyntactic tagging of words in a text, and learning to perform morphological analysis, which produces the lemma from the word-form given the correct morphosyntactic tag. A statistics-based trigram tagger is used to learn morphosyntactic tagging and a first-order decision list learning system is used to learn rules for morphological analysis. We train the tagger on a manually annotated corpus consisting of 100,000 running words. We train the analyzer on open-class inflecting Slovene words, namely nouns, adjectives, and main verbs, together being characterized by more than 400 different morphosyntactic tags. The training set for the analyzer consists of a morphological lexicon containing 15,000 lemmas. We evaluate the learned model on word lists extracted from a corpus of Slovene texts containing 500,000 words, and show that our morphological analysis module achieves 98.6% accuracy, while the combination of the tagger and analyzer is 92.0% accurate on unknown inflecting Slovene words.


Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a cytotoxin produced by less than 5% of Staphylococcus aureus strains, which act only on human and rabbit polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and monocytes but not on erythrocytes. 1,2 Injections of purified PVL into rabbit skin were shown to induce karyorrhexis of PMNs and vascular necrosis, which led to a large ulceration. 3 To more clearly assess the relationships between PVL production and human pathology, we report a prospective epidemiologic study of 302 S aureus strains obtained from patients at the Strasbourg (France) University Hospital and tested for PVL production by an agarose double immunodiffusion method. The S aureus culture conditions and the production of polyclonal PVL antibodies were previously described. 2 Materials and Methods. Among these 302 S aureus strains , 87 were isolated from blood cultures, 184 from cutaneous samples, and 31 from the anterior nares of asymptomatic carriers. The cutaneous samples were taken from 108


Mr. Chughtai here describes a set of four octagonal tiles fitting into a cruciform centre piece. They belong to the Ashmolean Museum. He was the first to notice that they bear not only a series of Arabic texts, but also a date (the month Muharram, A.H. 661) and, what is much more important, the name of the place Surra man ra or Samarra. Students of Islamic pottery had assumed that the manufacture at Samarra had ceased long before the date of these tiles, which were believed to have been made at Varamln. Mr. Chughtai's discovery is thus of considerable value.


This article describes technology for diagnosis SoC HDLmodels, based on transaction graph. Diagnosis method is focused to decrease the time of fault detection and memory for storage of diagnosis matrix by means of forming ternary relations between test, monitor, and functional component. The following problems are solved: creation of digital system model in the form of transaction graph and multi-tree of fault detection tables, as well as ternary matrices for activating functional components of the selected set of monitors by using test patterns. Development of a method for analysis the activation matrix to detect the faulty blocks with given depth and synthesis logic functions for subsequent embedded hardware fault diagnosis.


Background: Animal studies on the effects of vitamin E on bone health have yielded conflicting and inconclusive results, and to our knowledge, no studies have addressed the effect of vitamin E on bone in animals consuming a high-fat diet (HFD).Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of excessive vitamin E on bone metabolism in normal male mice and ovariectomized female mice fed a normal diet (ND) or HFD.Methods: In the first 2 experiments, 7-wk-old male mice were fed an ND (16% energy from fat) containing 75 (control), 0 (vitamin E-free), or 1000 (high vitamin E) mg vitamin E/kg (experiment 1) or an HFD (46% energy from fat) containing 0, 200, 500, or 1000 mg vitamin E/kg (experiment 2) for 18 wk. In the third experiment, 7-wk-old sham-operated or ovariectomized female mice were fed the ND (75 mg vitamin E/kg) or HFD containing 0 or 1000 mg vitamin E/kg for 8 wk. At the end of the feeding period, blood and femurs were collected to measure bone turnover markers and analyze histology and microcomputed tomography.Results: In experiments 1 and 2, vitamin E intake had no effect on plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, or bone formation, resorption, or volume in femurs in mice fed the ND or HFDs. In experiment 3, bone volume was significantly reduced (85%) in ovariectomized mice compared with that in sham-operated mice (P < 0.05), but it did not differ among mice fed the 3 diets. Plasma ALP and TRAP activities and bone formation and resorption in femur were similar among ovariectomized mice fed the HFD containing 0 or 1000 mg vitamin E/kg.Conclusions: The results suggest that excess vitamin E intake does not cause bone loss in normal male mice or in ovariectomized or sham-operated female mice, regardless of dietary fat content.


The relationship between prospective teachers' preferred strategies for coping with stress and their perceptions of student control were examined by use of a relational survey model to determine the relations between these concepts. The study group consisted of 267 prospective teachers at the Faculty of Education in Kirsehir, Turkey. Data were collected from senior class faculty students using 2 scales: The Ways of Coping Scale (WCS) originally developed by Lazarus and Folkman (1984) and adapted into Turkish by Şahin and Durak (1994) and the Scale of Locus of Student Control developed by Miller et al. (1988) and adapted into Turkish by Abaci (1996). Pearson moment correlation was used to analyze the data. Findings showed that there was a noticeable meaningful statistical relation between variables. Findings are discussed based on the literature.


Acute exercise has been shown to improve memory in humans. Potential mechanisms include increased Bdnf expression, noradrenergic activity and modification of glutamate receptors. Because mice are commonly used to study exercise and brain plasticity, it is important to explore how acute exercise impacts behavior in this model. C57BL/6J mice were assigned to three groups: control, moderate‐intensity running, and high‐intensity running. Control mice were placed on a stationary treadmill for 30 minutes and moderate‐ and high‐intensity mice ran for 30 minutes at 12 and 15‐17 m/min, respectively. Mice were sacrificed immediately after running and the hippocampus removed. Total Bdnf, Bdnf exon IV, and glutamate receptor subunits were quantified with quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Total and phosphorylated GluR1 (Ser845 and Ser831) protein was quantified following immunoblotting. Utilizing the same protocol for control and high‐intensity running, object location memory was examined in a separate cohort of mice. Anxiety‐like behavior was assessed in the open field task (OFT) in a third cohort of mice that were separated into four groups: control‐saline, control‐DSP‐4, acute exercise‐saline, and acute exercise‐DSP‐4. DSP‐4 was used to lesion the central noradrenergic system. We observed higher Bdnf IV mRNA in high‐intensity runners compared to controls, but no effects of acute exercise on memory. In the OFT, runners traveled less distance and spent more time grooming than controls. DSP‐4 did not attenuate the effects of exercise. A single bout of exercise increases Bdnf IV mRNA in an intensity‐dependent manner; however, high‐intensity running reduces exploratory behavior in C57BL/6J mice.


The study investigated some effects of a training procedure on production of original responses and the relationship of such behavior to personality and ability measures. The results indicate that (1) the training procedure increased the quantity but not the quality of the ideas produced; (2) this increase did not transfer to a similar task involving divergent production; (3) test anxiety had consistent curvilinear relationships with performance, poor performance being associated with an intermediate level of test anxiety; and (4) there was a significant interaction of anxiety and verbal ability. Some implications of these results for testing, teaching, and prediction are discussed.


Automated negotiation draws upon research from a number of different computing disciplines, predominantly those of game theory, AI, requirement specification & authorisation research. Automated negotiation allows clients/services to come to agreements regarding service utilisation. A number of problems exist within the area, primarily those of requirement elicitation and trust. These problems can be minimised through standardisation and careful design; however, human participation in the process cannot be completely removed. This paper examines a possible format, architecture and implementation (TRANSACT) to aid in the automated negotiation of service contracts based on exogenously stated requirements/capabilities. In doing so it explores the issues and areas in which further developments are required to support future service developments


Microalbuminuria has been reported to be a precursor of HIV related renal disease, which if detected early and coupled with appropriate intervention may slow or retard the progress of the disease. One hundred and seventy-eight HIV infected children aged 15 years and below were recruited from the Paediatric Infectious Disease Clinic of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano, to determine the prevalence of persistent microalbuminuria using the albumin creatinine ratio (ACR). Early morning urine samples and spot urine samples were analyzed using a dipstick specific for microalbumin. Those who tested positive had their samples reanalyzed in the laboratory using immunometric assay and Jaffe reaction method for albumin and creatinine, respectively. Patients that had ACR of 30–300 mg/g were said to have microalbuminuria and had their urine samples retested after 6 to 8 weeks. Twelve children (6.7%) had persistent microalbuminuria and had a mean age of 7.5 ± 3.3 years, with a male to female ratio of 1 : 1. There was no significant relationship between the finding of microalbuminuria and age, sex, duration of infection, and the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Periodic screening for microalbuminuria using albumin specific dipstick should be considered for children with HIV infection.


While building knowledge-based society and economy, particular importance in human resources management falls on the value of human resources and management expertise. The article analyses the features of human resources management competences in terms of completing human resources management functions in practice with a view to advantages of human resources management approaches compared with traditional approaches to human resources management. Upon research on personnel management functions and competencies associated with the study of theoretical and empirical research, the article analyzes the human resources management activities, and the distribution of functions between management, as well as and the designated human resources (personnel) managers and directors. Approaches to human resources management competencies are given, the human resources (personnel) management competence structure, personnel managers profiles, along with roles and functions in practice are described. Based on the empirical results of the Lithuanian organizations, leaders' competences are evaluated, including their impact on employees and organizations to succeed. The value of human resources management features, and human resources management factors determining the level of development are identified.


565 Objectives: This study is to investigate the correlation between IVIM parameters and 18F-FDG PET metrics of liver cancers. IVIM-DWI data and 18F-FDG intake information were acquired simultaneously via an integrated PET/MRI. A cohort of 38 subjects in total was enrolled in this study, eleven out of which were diagnosed with primary hepatic tumors; nine with hepatic metastases. The metastases tumors appear to have more significant correlations than the primary based on our findings.
 Introduction: Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) technique was proved to be capable of estimating tissue diffusivity and micro-capillary perfusion in a quantitative way. For oncology application, IVIM might have diagnostic potential for bone metastasis(Hectors, et al. 2018); although no universal correlations between SUV and IVIM parameters were found in cervical cancer research(Du.S et.al, 2019); Correlation analysis of FDG PET and IVIM histogram parameters on liver tumors has a potential assistant utility of tumor detection and assessment.
 Methods: The local ethics committee has approved this study. From December 2017 to August 2019, 38 patients with liver cancer who underwent both IVIM measurement and PET/MR scan in our center were retrospectively collected. Written, informed consent was obtained from all subjects. Six were excluded for being little FDG intake shown. Twelve of the rest subjects with little metabolic tumor volume (MTV) (<10 cm3) or total lesion glycolysis (TLG) (<10) were excluded since the LBM normalized SUV (SUL S) is then possibly immeasurable. Twenty patients (nine Male and eleven Female, ages range from 45 to 72) were included for correlation analysis, among which eleven with primary liver tumors and nine with liver metastases. The FDG uptake information was measured with a whole-body PET/MRI scan protocol, both PET and IVIM measurements were carried out simultaneously on a whole-body PET/MRI scanner (Biograph mMR, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) with five-bed positions. PET data acquisition started 60 min after the injection of 18F-FDG (3.7 MBq/Kg). IVIM data acquisition was simultaneous on during PET measurement with a group of 10 b values ranges from 0 to 1500 (0,50,100,150,200,300,500,800,1200,1500).Delineation of ROIs was manually done along the edge of the lesions slice by slice on DWI map by two experienced radiologists separately with FireVoxel (New York University, New York, NY) to generate a volume for calculation, referencing T2 and PET images. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) (version 20; SPSS, Chicago, IL) and Matlab 2014b (MathWorks, Natick, MA) was used for statistical calculations. To avoid the impact of fat since it has little glucose metabolism, lean body mass was taken into consideration when calculation standardized uptake value. Nine histogram parameters of IVIM were produced, they were: fMax, fMean, fMed, fSD, fSkewness, fKurtosis, fEntropy, Dpmean, Dtskewness. And four PET parameters were measured on Syngo Via platform (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) manually by three experienced radiologists.
 Results: Spearman9s rank correlation coefficient between PET parameters and IVIM parameters were calculated. Correlations between PET parameters and the measured IVIM histogram parameters were different between prime tumors and metastases tumor. For prime tumors, SULmax with fmean, TLG with fSkewness, and MTV with fSkewness showed weak correlations (p-value is 0.11,0.11 and 0.083 respectively). For metastases tumors, SULmax and SULmean with DtSkewness showed a significant negative correlation (R=-0.8, p=0.01, and R=-0.733, p=0.025).
 Conclusions: Based on the findings in this study, taking IVIM measurement for the liver scan is advantageous to assistant the detection of liver metastases.
Table 1. Spearman's correlation between IVIM and PET parameters for primary liver tumor
Table 2. Spearman's correlation between IVIM and PET parameters for metastases liver tumor


The recent increase in the use of digital self-tracking devices has given rise to a range of relations to the self often discussed as quantified self (QS). In popular and academic discourse, this development has been discussed variously as a form of narcissistic self-involvement, an advanced expression of panoptical self-surveillance and a potential new dawn for e-health. This article proposes a previously un-theorised consequence of this large-scale observation and analysis of human behaviour; that exercise activity is in the process of being reconfigured as labour. QS will be briefly introduced, and reflected on, subsequently considering some of its key aspects in relation to how these have so far been interpreted and analysed in academic literature. Secondly, the analysis of scholars of "digital labour" and "immaterial labour" will be considered, which will be discussed in relation to what its analysis of the transformations of work in contemporary advanced capitalism can offer to an interpretation of the promotion and management of the self-tracking of exercise activities. Building on this analysis, it will be proposed that a thermodynamic model of the exploitation of potential energy underlies the interest that corporations have shown in self-tracking and that "gamification" and the promotion of an entrepreneurial selfhood is the ideological frame that informs the strategy through which labour value is extracted without payment. Finally, the potential theoretical and political consequences of these insights will be considered.


We studied incubation and feeding rates in two of five broods in two oven nests of Furnarius figulus at Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas. During incubation, the number of visits and time spent in the nest did not differ between the adults. The number of feeding visits was significantly different between members of the breeding pair of the first but not of the second nest. Nestlings received arthropods, fishes, and larvae in the first nest and, in the second, arthropods, larvae, and fruits. The nestlings stayed about 23 days in the nests.


Background Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is one of the most important complications of angiography in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or diabetes mellitus. The prevention of CIN can decrease therapeutic costs and hospital stays. There is controversy in the literature over the preventive effect of statins on CIN. Objectives This study was designed to evaluate the preventive effect of atorvastatin on CIN after angiography in CKD and diabetic patients. Patients and Methods In this placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial, patients with diabetes mellitus or CKD (15 < GFR < 60 mL/min, Cr > 1.5 mg/dL) and an age range of 55 - 75 years candidated for angiography were included. The patients were randomized to 2 groups: one group receiving atorvastatin (80 mg/d from 48 h before angiography) and the other one receiving a placebo. All the patients received intravenous isotonic saline and N-acetylcysteine. CIN was defined as an increase in serum creatinine more than 0.5 mg/dL or more than 25% from the baseline values. Results Totally, 220 patients at a mean age of 63.85 ± 8.89 years and a mean body mass index of 31.41 ± 5.99 kg/m2 were evaluated. In comparison of before-after values, there was a significant increase in serum creatinine in the placebo group (P = 0.000). The incidence of CIN was significantly higher in the control group 24 hours after angiography (P = 0.010); however, at a 48-hour interval, there was no significant difference in CIN between the 2 groups. Conclusions Standard hydration and N-acetylcysteine and atorvastatin (80 mg) reduced the incidence of CIN, and this regimen was more effective than was the regimen of hydration and N-acetylcysteine (without atorvastatin) in decreasing CIN. Accordingly, it is reasonable to prescribe atorvastatin before angiography in high-risk patients.


Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) is the highest amount of oxygen used by the body during intense exercise. In this study, new non-exercise models have been developed by using different machine learning methods for predicting the VO2max values of healthy individuals aged between 18 and 65 years. The models include the non-exercise physiological variables (gender, age, weight and height) and questionnaire data. Cascade Correlation Network (CCN), Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH), Decision Tree Forest (DTF) and Single Decision Tree (SDT) methods have been used for developing the prediction models. The performance of the prediction models has been evaluated by calculating their multiple correlation coefficient (R) and standard error of estimate (SEE). The results show that CCN-based prediction models yield 24.54% on the average lower SEE's than the ones obtained by other methods.


In the UK students have traditionally moved away from home to study in higher education, but this is changing as a consequence of greater participation, and the shift in responsibility for financing study from the State to individual students and their families. This research under took 60 qualitative interviews with students of all ages who defined themselves as 'commuters', who continue to live at home whilst studying. The study found that while the students largely viewed themselves as 'good students' aiming to engage fully in their academic studies, the stresses and strains – and cost and time – involved in travelling - resulted in students evaluating the utility of a trip to campus, considering whether their resources would be better spent studying at home. In addition, these students tended to be less engaged in 'enhancement' activities, and had very little social engagement with HE peers. Commuter students achieve less good outcomes: they are more likely to withdraw early, achieve lower attainment and are less likely to secure graduate employment on completion. This paper considers the implications for student engagement and teaching and learning in higher education of a larger commuter student population, in an effort to achieve greater equity in student outcomes.


ABSTRACTThe development of dipole shear-wave imaging technology requires understanding of the effects of radiation, reflection, and reception of elastic waves from a borehole dipole source, for which we provide a comprehensive analysis. We first show that the radiation of the dipole source can be accurately computed using its far-field asymptotic solution when the radiation distance is greater than wavelength. We then demonstrate the reciprocity relationship between shear-wave radiation and reception of the dipole source. Consequently, the borehole radiation pattern can be used to compute the borehole reception directivity. The use of the reciprocity relationship and the asymptotic solution greatly facilitates the modeling of the wavefield for the borehole shear-wave reflection survey. The modeling results agree well with those from a 3D finite-difference elastic wave simulation. The modeling of SH- and SV-wave radiation/reception of the dipole source also demonstrates that the SH-wave component is far gr...


Gomphoside, a 5 alpha-H cardiac glycoside isolated from Asclepias fructicosa, has an unique double glycosidic linkage to the aglycon through oxygen atoms at 2 alpha and 3 beta of the steroid. The 3'-axial hydroxyl of its conformationally rigid sugar residue appears to be the functional group responsible for its potent inotropic activity. With use of gomphoside as the model compound, the conformation of the flexible glycosidic linkage of the 5 beta-H cardenolides, digitoxigenin alpha-L-rhamnoside and digitoxigenin beta-D-digitoxoside, and the 5 alpha-H cardenolides, uzarigenin alpha-L-rhamnoside and uzarigenin beta-D-6-deoxyalloside, were investigated with the aid of computer graphics and conformational potential energy calculations. The relative inotropic potencies of these cardenolides can be accounted for by considering their active binding conformations with their potential energy distributions. The conformational distribution of the glycosidic moiety was postulated to be the major determinant of the biological activity of these cardenolides.


Automobile insurance claims were examined to determine the rates of neck injuries in rear-end crashes for vehicles with and without redesigned head restraints, redesigned seats, or both. Results indicate that the improved geometric fit of head restraints observed in many newer vehicle models are reducing the risk of whiplash injury substantially among female drivers (about 37% in the Ford Taurus and Mercury Sable), but have very little effect among male drivers. New seat designs, such as active head restraints that move upward and closer to drivers' heads during a rear impact, give added benefit, producing about a 43% reduction in whiplash injury claims (55% reduction among female drivers). Estimated effects of Volvo's Whiplash Injury Prevention System and Toyota's Whiplash Injury Lessening design were based on smaller samples and were not statistically significant.


Pancreatic and salivary amylase cDNA probes have been used to search for new DNA fragment length variation among a total of 43 inbred mouse strains. Fragment length differences found with three restriction endonucleases grouped the strains into two major classes. The segregation of these variant fragments has been analyzed among several sets of recombinant inbred strains and is presented here. Previously reported differences for strains YBR and CE have been confirmed. New segregation data for carbonic anhydrase, a locus near the proximal end of mouse chromosome 3, are presented.


A new near-infrared and lysosome-targetable fluorescent probe based on phenoxazinium was designed and prepared for hydrogen peroxide detection. This probe used phenoxazinium as the fluorophore acceptor and a methyl(phenyl)sulfane unit as the recognition group through a photoinduced electron transfer mechanism. With the addition of H2O2, the methyl(phenyl)sulfane unit of the probe was oxidized to a sulfoxide unit, causing enhanced fluorescence intensity at 676 nm due to the inhibition of photoinduced electron transfer. This probe not only showed competitive sensitivity, good selectivity, and a relatively fast response time, but also selectively targeted lysosomes of HeLa cells, indicating that it could be applied to detecting and visualizing H2O2 in HeLa cell lysosomes.