The target of current search to know Business Think department managers, recognizing the differences in Business Think according to Gender, Academic achievement, Age, and Specialization. And Humility department managers, recognizing the differences in the Humility according to the same demographic variables. And Correlation between Business Think and Humility. To achieve research goals, we build two scales the first one is Business Think consists (28) items, and Humility consists (26) Items. Verified psychometric properties of the scales above, truly verified reliability coefficient also scales with Cronbach alpha (0.84) for managing Business Think scale, while reliability coefficient of Cronbach Alpha Humility scale (0.78). After application of a sample of measurements (338) member of department managers drawn from the research community, (222) male and (116) female  of (Ministry of Labor, and Social Affairs, Ministry of Health and the Environment, Ministry of Industry and Minerals, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, and Ministry of Culture and Tourism and Antiquities) and the current search results have been analyzed in the light of the theoretical framework adopted, contained a number of conclusions, including that section managers management Business Think and there is no interaction between demographic variables in administrative and Business Think that department managers have Humility. There is a difference in the demographic variable Sex in humility and for females and there is no interaction between demographic variables in Humility and there is a positive correlation between Business Think and modesty and management researcher emerged a set of recommendations and proposals.


Disease assessments were made in two citrus groves on Luzon and Mindinao Islands of the Philippines. Both groves were composed of Szinkom mandarin interplanted with Calamansi and occasional pummel0 trees. The Luzon grove (VP) consisted of an older, heavily diseased block of trees and three younger blocks immediately adjacent to the east and northeast. All blocks were established with nursery stock, some of which was infected with greening. The Mindinao grove (BJ), consisting of 920 trees, was established from nursery stock a portion of which was probably infected. Based on analysis of isopath maps of each block in the VP grove, aggregation of diseased trees existed in the three newer blocks but was not often associated with rows. Aggregates of diseased trees appeared to be coalescing over time and small individual clusters were generally indeterminate in shape. The oldest block of trees was > 90% diseased and no longer showed aggregation due to the nearly uniform distribution of trees with severe greening symptoms. Isopath maps of the BJ grove were inconclusive. Ordinary runs analysis confirmed the general lack of within-row aggregation in both groves. Morisita's-index-of-dispersion was interpreted to indicate that aggregates of 2 X 2, 3 X 3, 4 X 4, and 6 X 6 trees existed and that aggregates of diseased trees larger than 6 X 6 also existed during the last disease assessments. This diffuse aggregation may have been the result of the random distribution of diseased planting materials followed by subsequent confluent and nondirectional spread of greening by psyllid vectors. Indez words. Spatial patterns of disease, indices-of-dispersion, Diaphorina citri, psyllid vectors. In many places throughout Southeast Asia, citrus groves are established from plants grown in own-use nurseries or from small local nurseries. These nurseries do not produce citrus exclusively, but also provide numerous species of fruit trees for local fruit growers. Budwood registration programs are infrequent, and in most cases, budwood from indexed and registered disease-free mother trees is rare or not available (1,ll). On the local level, there is often minimal awareness or knowledge of greening and citrus virus diseases. Thus, many citrus plantings in Southeast Asia are established from nursery stock infected with greening, tristeza, and other pathogens. The extent of infection in such nursery stock is unknown, however, groves established from such stock do not appear to be uniformly infected. Thus, the introduction of disease contagions, especially that of citrus greening disease (CGD), from nurseries into groves significantly shortens the productive life of these plantings and contributes to their ultimate demise. Following random introduction, the CGD pathogen is spread by the Asian psyllid vector Diaphorina citri. Clusters of diseased plants frequently occur in the grove (2,3,4). The percentage of diseased nursery plants outplanted combined with high populations of psyllids and their patterns of migration determines the number of such clusters, their rate of coalescence, and contributes to the rate of disease progress. The effect of populations of psyllid vectors on greening has been studied previously (4,5). Aggregations of greening, as a result of natural spread of the pathogen by psyllid vectors, has also been demonstrated in China and in the Philippines (6,7,8). The purpose of this study was to: 1) determine the presence and signifiGreening, Stubborn, and Other Diseases 415 cance of aggregations of diseased trees in two groves in the Philippines established from infected nursery stock; and 2) estimate the change in the spatial size of such aggregates over time. The study is in contrast to a similar study in China in which the dynamics of aggregation in groves established from disease-free nursery materials are being investigated (8). MATERIALS AND METHODS Disease assessments were made in two groves in the Philippines. Both groves consisted of mixed plantings of Szinkom mandarin interplanted with Calamansi and occasional pummel0 trees, and both were established from contaminated nursery materials obtained locally. The Venacio Pecho grove (VP) in Tanauan, Batangas Province, Luzon, consisted of a 9to 10-yr-old heavily diseased block of trees to the west and three younger blocks of 1to 3-yr-old trees to the east and northeast. All groves were planted at a relatively high density of 2-4 m between trees (7). The Baio Joaquin grove, (EU) near Devao, Mindinao, consisted of a single irregularly elongate planting of trees with varied but greater planting distance of ca. 710 meters between trees. Control of vectors was minimal in both groves. All trees were assessed on a 0 to 40 rating scale on each assessment date as previously described (9). The VP grove was assessed four times, twice in 1988 and 1989, whereas the BJ grove was assessed only once in 1989. Data from the VP grove were divided into quadrats of 2 X 2, 3 X 3, 4 X 4, and 6 X 6 trees. Data from the BJ Fig. 1. Three-dimensional response surfaces of greening disease severity in four blocks of citrus in the Venacio Pecho citrus planting (VP) in Luzon, Philippines on four different assessment dates. Block A consists of a heavily diseased planting 9-10 yr old. Blocks B, C, and D are less diseased plantings 1-3 yr old. 416 Eleventh IOCV Conference grove were divided into quadrats of 3 X 3 and 6 X 6, only, due to the limitations of grove configuration. Larger quadrat sizes were not possible due to the limited number of trees in the plots. Individual quadrat scores were the sums of the individual scores of the trees within the quadrat. The data were examined by 1) ordinary runs analysis (10) to determine the presence or absence of directionality of aggregation, 2) isopathic contour mapping (9) and three-dimensional response-surface plots were utilized to examine the extent and position of aggregates of diseased plants (7,9), and 3) various indices of dispersion to examine the relative significance and size of aggregates (9,12,13).


This abstract presents an approach to semi-automatically detect pattern instances and their implementations in a software system. Design patterns are currently best practice in software development and provide solutions for nearly all granularity of software design and makes them suitable for representing design knowledge. The proposed approach overcomes a number of scalability problems as they exist in other approaches by using fuzzy logic, user interaction and a learning component.


We developed a new type of magnetometer to measure low-frequency magnetic fields with an operational principle based on magnetic flux transfer and modulation. This magnetometer consists of three coils: pickup, input and readout coils. The pickup and input coils were made from high-critical-temperature superconductor (HTS) tape and were connected with very low connection resistance to form a closed loop. The magnetic flux that is collected by the pickup coil can be transferred to the input coil even at low frequencies below 1 Hz. The magnetic flux at the input coil is then detected by the readout coil using a readout scheme based on modulation of the mutual inductance M between the input and readout coils. To modulate M over time, a magnetic wire was inserted into the readout coil and a time-varying current was supplied to the wire. Using this time-varying M, the magnetic flux is converted into an amplitude-modulated voltage across the readout coil for measurements. A prototype magnetometer was fabricated for demonstration. This magnetometer can operate at low frequencies down to f = 0.5 Hz without responsivity degradation. The magnetic field noise levels were 8 and 60 pT/Hz1/2 at 50 and 1 Hz, respectively.


Among the photothermal methods, full-field thermal imaging is used to characterize materials, to determine thicknesses of layers, or to find inhomogeneities such as voids or cracks. The use of classical light sources such as flash lamps (impulse heating) or halogen lamps (modulated heating) led to a variety of nondestructive testing methods, in particular, lock-in and flash-thermography. In vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), laser light is emitted perpendicularly to the surface with a symmetrical beam profile. Due to the vertical structure, they can be arranged in large arrays of many thousands of individual lasers, which allows power scaling into the kilowatt range. Recently, a high-power yet very compact version of such a VCSEL-array became available that offers both the fast timing behavior of a laser as well as the large illumination area of a lamp. Moreover, it allows a spatial and temporal control of the heating because individual parts of the array can be controlled arbitrarily in frequency, amplitude, and phase. In conjunction with a fast infrared camera, such structured heating opens up a field of novel thermal imaging and testing methods. As a first demonstration of this approach, we chose a testing problem very challenging to conventional thermal infrared testing: The detection of very thin subsurface defects perpendicularly oriented to the surface of metallic samples. First, we generate destructively interfering thermal wave fields, which are then affected by the presence of defects within their reach. It turned out that this technique allows highly sensitive detection of subsurface defects down to depths in excess of the usual thermographic rule of thumb, with no need for a reference or surface preparation.


Nowadays, the population of elderly persons who live alone is increasing in Japan. Some systems are available to monitor those persons' activities, however, they have some limitations; physical burden and need to wear sensors. In our previous work, we have proposed a fall detection method using an array antenna. Array antenna is an antenna, which detects radio wave propagation by observing the direction of arrival (DOA) of the received signal. In the conventional method, it can only detect whether the activity is fall or not, so it is impossible to recognize which kind of non-fall activity the person does. In addition, the detection accuracy of the non-fall activity is not so high, because of the difficulty to detect the difference of fall and sit. In this paper, we propose an activity recognition system by using array antenna. We detect the person's activity (fall, walk, sit, and stand still). To improve the accuracy, we set thresholds for the continuous number of each activity, and correct the result which continues less than the threshold. Also, we use the state transition of the activity, and correct the impossible activity transition.


Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) represents a biologically and clinically heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by the abnormal proliferation and accumulation of immature lymphoid cells within the bone marrow and lymphoid tissues. Following a diagnostic work-up, prognostic data are routinely achieved through physical examination, serum biochemical profiles, peripheral blood count and bone marrow morphology. Over the years, information obtained through karyotype, molecular genetics, extensive immunophenotype, multidrug resistance and, more recently, genomic profiling is progressively contributing to a better understanding of the biology of this complex disease, to the identification of subgroups of patients with a different clinical outcome, to the more precise monitoring of minimal residual disease, to the use of different therapeutic protocols based on prognostic indicators and, recently, also to the design of innovative and specific treatment strategies. In the present review, we will discuss how an integrated approach is now mandatory for the optimal management of adult ALL.


Recent progress of red cell substitutes to apply clinical use are overviewed. In response to the requisites as oxygen transporters, characteristics and present status are summarized for hemoglobin-based substitutes (polymer-conjugated Hb, polymerized Hb, crosslinked Hb). Concentrated hemoglobin covered with thin phospholipid bimolecular layer membranes (hemoglobin-vesicle) transports the sufficient amount of oxygen with excellent solution properties and safety. Furthermore, performances of two types of totally synthetic oxygen carrier are introduced such as lipid-heme embedding in the bilayer of a phospholipid vesicle and lipid-heme in the fat-microsphere composed of the emulsion for the nutrimental infusions.


The objective of this study was to investigate levels of serum creatinine, CuSOD and MnSOD protein expression in the kidney after renal ischemic reperfusion with pre-exercise using heat shock protein 70.1 in knock-out mice (KO). The C57/BL6 strain (Wild type: WT) and KO were divided into 4 groups as follows: Sham control group (Sham), pre-exercise group (Ex), pre-exercise +ischemia group (Ex+IR), and ischemia group (IR). CuSOD and MnSOD expression were significantly decreased (p<0.01, p<0.05) and blood creatinine concentration was significantly increased (p<0.01) in the IR group of KO. In contrast, CuSOD and MnSOD expression in the Ex+IR group of KO were higher than the IR group, while creatinine concentration was significantly lower. These results suggest that Hsp70 is directly correlated to renal ischemic reperfusion injury. Pre-exercise in renal ischemia might prevent or inhibit positive oxidative stress inhibitory effects by increasing anti-oxidative enzymes (CuSOD, MnSOD) within the kidney and improve to prevent renal function. Thus, pre-exercise may have a protective role against renal injury after renal ischemia.


A strained graphene monolayer is shown to operate as a highly efficient quantum heat engine delivering maximum power. The efficiency and power of the proposed device exceeds that of recent proposals. The reason for these excellent characteristics is that strain enables complete valley separation in transmittance through the device, implying that increasing strain leads to very high Seebeck coefficient as well as lower conductance. In addition, since time-reversal symmetry is unbroken in our system, the proposed strained graphene quantum heat engine can also act as a high-performance refrigerator.


Pulmonary tissue injury and repair processes involve complex and coordinated cellular events such as necrosis, inflammation, cell growth/differentiation, apoptosis, and remodeling of extracellular matrix. These processes are regulated by expression of multiple mediator genes. Commercially available microarray blots and slides allow screening of hundreds to thousands of genes in a given tissue or cell preparation. However, often these blots do not contain cDNAs of one's interest and are difficult to interpret. In order to analyze the tissue expression profile of a large number of genes involved in pulmonary injury and pathology, we developed a rat gene array filter using array technology. This array consisted of 27 genes representing inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, adhesion molecules, stress proteins, transcription factors and antioxidant enzymes; 3 negative controls, and 2 blank spots. Using rat gene-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer pairs, cDNAs for these genes were amplified and cloned into a TA vector. Plasmids with recombinant cDNA inserts were purified and blotted onto a nylon membrane. Lung total RNA was isolated at 3 or 24 h following intratracheal (IT) exposure of male Sprague Dawley rats to either saline (control), residual oil fly ash (ROFA; 3.3 mg/kg) or metals found in one instillate of ROFA: nickel (NiSO(4); 1. 3 micromol/kg) or vanadium (VSO(4); 2.2 micromol/kg). (32)P-Labeled cDNA was generated from RNA samples in a reverse transcriptase reaction and subsequently hybridized to array blots. Densitometric scans of array blots revealed a twofold induction of interleukin (IL)-6 and TIMP-1 at 24 h post ROFA or Ni exposure. The pulmonary expressions of cellular fibronectin (cFn-EIIIA), ICAM-1, IL-1beta, and iNOS genes were also increased 24 h post ROFA-, V-, or Ni-exposure. Consistent hybridization of beta-actin in all array blots and absence of hybridization signals in negative controls indicated gene specific hybridization. ROFA or metal-induced increase in the expression of IL-6 observed in array blot was validated by Northern blot hybridization. Developing a pulmonary rat gene array may provide a tool for screening the expression profile of tissue specific markers following exposure to toxic air contaminants.


Background: The life-threatening zoonotic malaria caused by Plasmodium knowlesi is on the rise in Malaysia; however, previous studies mainly focus on the transmission in Malaysian Borneo. This study aims to describe the basic epidemiological characteristics of P. knowlesi infection and identify spatial clustering of knowlesi malaria in Peninsular Malaysia.
Methods : The spatial distribution of P. knowlesi monoinfection incidence was mapped across Peninsular Malaysia using Geographic Information System (GIS) approach. Demographic characteristics of the infection was investigated. Global and Local Moran's I were used to analyze spatial autocorrelation and define clustering of knowlesi malaria incidence.
Results : Gua Musang and Lipis maintained the highest incidence rate (IR) as compared to other districts. Spatial analysis revealed that high IRs (hotspots) were clustered in the central-northern region of Peninsular Malaysia. In the demographic aspect, knowlesi malaria was more prevalent in male and age between 20 and 39.
Conclusions : This study revealed the spatial and temporal patterns of P. knowlesi in Peninsular Malaysia throughout 2011 to 2018. Knowlesi malaria control strategy should be emphasized in Malaysia malaria eradication program.


Fuzzy Decision Trees have been successfully applied to both classification and regression problems by allowing gradual transitions to exist between attribute values. Methodologies for fuzzification in fuzzy trees currently create such gradual transitions for continuous attributes. This is achieved by automatically creating fuzzy regions around tree nodes using an optimization algorithm or by using the knowledge of a human expert to create a series of fuzzy sets which are representative of the attributes domain. A problem occurs when trying to construct a fuzzy tree from real world data which comprises of only discrete or a mixture of discrete and continuous attributes. Discrete attribute values have no proximity to other values in the decision space, as there is no continuum between values. Consequently, within a fuzzy tree they are interpreted as crisp sets and contribute little towards the final outcome. This paper proposes a new approach for the fuzzification of discrete attributes in fuzzy decision trees. The approach ranks discrete values on the basis of their effect on the outcome rate and assigns a possibility of being a specific outcome. Experiments carried out on two real world financial datasets which contain a significant proportion of discrete attributes show improved classification accuracy compared with a crisp interpretation of such attributes within fuzzy trees.


ABSTRACT
Shooting gel is one of cosmetic preparations that work to overcome dry skin. High active ingredients in shooting gel are considered able to rehydrate the skin, especially dry skin. In this research will be formulated shooting gel preparation with active ingredients ofAloe vera and grapes. The famous Aloe vera helps to moisturize the skin while the grapes also contain active compounds that are efficacious as antioxidants that are good for the skin. Therefore, the combination of these two active ingredients should be developed on the shooting gel preparation. This study aims to see the spread, stickiness, pH, viscosity, irritation of shooting gel with variations of concentration of active ingredients of Aloe vera and grapes. This research was started with formulation of shooting gel preparation with combination concentration of active ingredient 80% (FI); 85% (FII); 90% (FIII). Shooting gel is evaluated physical characteristics with parameters spreadibility, adhesivity,viscosity and pH. It was also evaluated the irritation index of the skin using male rats. The data obtained were analyzed with different 95% confidence level test to know the existence of significant difference between treatment groups. The experimental results of shooting gel physical characteristics showed that the concentration variation did not affect the adhesivity (p> 0.05) but affects pH, viscosity and spreadibility (p <0.05). Shooting gel with all three concentrations did not irritate the skin of male rats.


Objectives The renin–angiotensin system may play a role in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation, and renin–angiotensin system blockers reduce the risk of atrial fibrillation. We hypothesized that polymorphisms in the angiotensinogen and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genes encoding proteins in this system predict risk of atrial fibrillation. Methods and results We genotyped 9235 individuals from the Danish general population, The Copenhagen City Heart Study, for the a-20c, g-6a, T174M, and M235T polymorphisms in the angiotensinogen gene and the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the ACE gene; rare allele frequencies were 0.16, 0.40, 0.12, 0.41, and 0.49, respectively. Participants had sinus rhythm at inclusion. During 26 years of follow-up, 968 individuals developed atrial fibrillation. Multifactorially adjusted hazard ratios for atrial fibrillation for a-20c ac and cc versus aa genotype were 1.1(95% confidence interval: 1.0–1.3; P=0.05) and 1.5(1.1–2.1; P=0.01). Compared with double noncarriers (angiotensinogen −20aa and ACE II), double heterozygotes (ac-I/D genotype), and double homozygotes (cc-DD) had hazard ratios for atrial fibrillation of 1.2(0.9–1.6; P=0.06) and 2.4(1.4–4.1; P=0.001). a-20c cc homozygotes above 70 years of age who were overweight, severely hypertensive, and had heart failure, had an absolute 10-year risk of atrial fibrillation of 61%. Conclusion Angiotensinogen a-20c genotype alone and in combination with ACE I/D genotype predicts an increased risk of atrial fibrillation. Therefore, genetic variation in the renin–angiotensin system may influence effect of renin–angiotensin system blockers on atrial fibrillation.


ABSTRACT In this study, dielectric permittivity of Opuntia were calculated and modelled in simulation program at 1.7–2.6 GHz. Waveguide measurement method was utilized to measure the scattering parameters of Opuntia in order to calculate dielectric constant in the predefined frequency range. The measurement system was set up with two waveguide adaptors WR430, an Anritsu network analyser (MS4624B), sample holder and a computer. The error coefficients were identified by Through-Reflect-Line (TRL) calibration technique and the accuracy of the system was checked. New Non-Iterative Method was used to calculate the dielectric constant from measured S parameters. Furthermore, according to the variation of humidity and frequencies, the dielectric constant and loss tangent of Opuntia was examined. Opuntia simulation model is defined in the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) program.


The success of transvaginal follicular aspiration in mares can be influenced by several factors, such as vacuum pump pressure levels. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of different negative pressures (150, 280 and 400mmHg) of the vacuum pump on the oocyte recovery in the mares. The mares (n=10) were undergoing follicular aspiration using three different negative pressures for three consecutive estrous cycles as follows: G150 = 150mmHg (n = 10); G280 = 280mmHg (n = 10); G400 = 400mmHg (n = 10). Every estrous cycle, the group that the mare would participate was drawn, and each animal participated once in each group. Only preovulatory follicle was used, about 30 to 36 hours after application of hCG. To compare the results, the chi-square test was used (5% significance) and Fisher exact test, when recommended. Thirty preovulatory follicles (diameter 36.1±1.80mm) were aspirated and ten oocytes were recovered (33.3%). There was no statistical difference between the experimental groups (p=0.59). Thus, accord to the results observed in this study, we could conclude that the negative pressure of the vacuum pump used was not efficient to increase oocyte recovery.


A B S T R A C T The paper contains some field data from the Oraons and attempts at the formalization of lineage relations. The purpose of the study simply wants to draw an abstract parallel between lineage relations and straight line geometry. There are sporadic references to Western scholars, including Harary and White's "parental graph" and W.H.R. River's "genealogical method". The study derives from "physics" and applies them to the anthropology of kinship for reasons that "Physics is the study of matter, energy and motion. For the reason in kinship by inheritance system like descent everything is transmitted. The word "Everything" means mass, matter and energy. Like culture trait, property is the examples. The present paper also exerts the concept of Straight line social anthropology.


Dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and Flash nonvolatile memory (NVM) continue lo be scaled down to sub-90nm dimensions, a trend expected to extend through the next few generations. Difficulties, however, arise in both device and process technology for sub-65nm geometries in both types of memory. This paper analyzes these challenges and presents emerging device candidates with their potentials for high volume realization and opportunities for research and development in this area.


In Italy, Patti Territoriali (Territorial Pacts) are one of the main government-sponsored programmes to foster growth in disadvantaged areas. A territorial pact is an agreement among the local authorities and representatives of civil society (mainly entrepreneurs and trade unions) of a number of neighbouring municipalities that is subsequently endorsed by the central government. It consists in a fully-fledged development plan, including a series of private and public investments for which public funding is provided. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of territorial pacts by comparing the economic performance, in terms of employment and number of plants, of participating municipalities with a sample of municipalities not involved in the policy. The results suggest that the programme has been largely ineffective in stimulating growth. JEL Classification: R0, H2.


A particular female Whooper Swan Cygnus c. cygnus, wintering at the well known swan and other waterfowls resort, lake Hyoko, was kept under observation in 1976-77 winter. Here the swans and waterfowls are well tamed by artificial feeding. This particular female arrived at Hyoko in late December with her mate and 2 cygnets. In my first observation in December, her crown seemed to be somewhat unkempt, but it was not so curious.As the time went by her crown feathers became longer. This changing process is shown by Plates 13-16.


In the current study, we were inspired by sparse analysis signal representation theory to propose a novel single-image super-resolution method termed "sparse analysis-based super resolution" (SASR). This study presents and demonstrates mapping between low and high resolution images using a coupled sparse analysis operator learning method to reconstruct high resolution (HR) images. We further show that the proposed method selects more informative high and low resolution (LR) learning patches based on image texture complexity to train high and low resolution operators more efficiently. The coupled high and low resolution operators are used for high resolution image reconstruction at a low computational complexity cost. The experimental results for quantitative criteria peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), root mean square error (RMSE), structural similarity index (SSIM) and elapsed time, human observation as a qualitative measure, and computational complexity verify the improvements offered by the proposed SASR algorithm.


The reaction of HTIMP3 (HTIMP3=tris[1-diphenylphosphino)-3-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl]methane) with AgBF4 and Mo(CO)3(NCCH3)3 leads to Ag(HTIMP3)BF4 and Mo(CO)3(HTIMP3), respectively. The metal centre is coordinated to the three phosphorus atoms of the HTIMP3 ligand, which adopts a facial coordination mode, placing a H-Csp3 hydrogen atom at the apical position close to the metal centre. The solid-state structure of Mo(CO)3(HTIMP3) has been determined by X-ray crystallography, and the data have been used as input parameters for obtaining the optimised geometry of the complex using the B3PW91 functional. The silver structure has been modelled from the X-ray parameters of the molybdenum structure. In addition, theoretical calculations on the H-Csp3 downfield shift upon metal coordination has also been performed. They reproduce the experimental H-Csp3 chemical shifts well and supports that proton deshielding is mainly due to the presence of the metal, since the hydrogen is already located in the cone created by the aromatic-phosphino arms in the free ligand.


Accurate measurements of the initial yield stress on previously latent slip systems as well as a reinterpretation of widely reported experimental observations have led to a new description of single crystal hardening within the framework of the incremental (flow) theory of plasticity. Slip interactions and the history of slips are essential in explaining well-known physical phenomena such as stage II deformation and latent hardening. Guidelines for deriving the set of instantaneous hardening moduli are given in terms of inequality restrictions. Although time-independent behaviour is assumed throughout the present study, these restrictions are expected to apply as well to time-dependent creep behaviour at low to intermediate temperatures. In Part II, a complete constitutive theory is developed with analytical forms given for the instantaneous hardening moduli.


Some applications of techniques borrowed from multiset theory to elaborate graphematical systems as 'data' structures with the operations of union, sum, difference and polycontextural dissemination of mixed data structures, like set, multiset, list, trito-, deuteroand protograms. The metaphor of 'team' observation for the study of multisets gets a polycontextural explication and application to the team observation of complexions of heterogeneous heterarchic 'data' structures. The elaborations remain on a 'descriptive' formal level. (work in progress, v.0.5) 1. Multisets and graphematic structures 1.1. Multisets 1.1.1. Summary of multiset approach Yuncheng Jiang, Description Logics over Multisets "A naive concept of multiset was formalized by Blizard. It has the following properties: (i) a multiset is a collection of elements in which certain elements may occur more than once; (ii) occurrences of a particular element in a multiset are indistinguishable; (iii) each occurrence of an element in a multiset contributes to the cardinality of the multiset; (iv) the number of occurrences of a particular element in a multiset is a (finite) positive integer; (v) the number of distinguishable (distinct) elements in a multiset need not be finite; and (vi) a multiset is completely determined if we know the elements that belong to it and the number of times each element belongs to it." "More concretely, a multiset is a collection of objects in which repetition of elements is signifcant." http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-654/paper1.pdf In a multiset, repetition is not only relevant but measured by its multiplicity. "Multisets form a generalization of sets: "identical" elements can occur a finite number of times." "A multiset X is a pair (X, ρ), where X is a set and ρ an equivalence relation on X . The set X is called the field of the multiset. Elements of X in the same equivalence class will be said to be of the same sort; elements in different equivalence classes will be said to be of different sorts." http://obelix.ee.duth.gr/~apostolo/Articles/mset.pdf Depending on the definition of the equivalence relation on X, different classes might be definied with ρ= equivalence relation with μ=multiplicity and λ=locus as: sets, set = (X, ρ=⌀, λ=1, μ=1) multisets, mset = (X, ρ, μ, λ=1) tritoset, tset = ((X, ρ, λ, μ) and deuteroand protosets and others. Epistemological remarks In the words of Wilberger: "Thus the only possible relations between two mathematical objects are 1) they are equal, or 2) they are different. "This leads to effectively three possible relations between any two physical objects; they are different, they are the same but separate, or they are coinciding and identical." This corresponds to the Geman distinctions: Selbigkeit, Gleichheit, Verschiedenheit. Or in English: equal (identical), equivalent (same), different. Morphic Multisets.nb file:///Volumes/KAEHR/HD-KAE-Texte/KAE-TEXTS/Publi... 1 of 52 24/05/2012 17:19 Hence, elements in multisets are equivalent. They occur in different multiplicity as the same at different places in a not ordered context. But they are nevertheless semiotically identical, i.e. a at palce i and a at place j, i!=j, of a space or a string, are semiotically identical albeit "same but separate". In contrast, elements in tritograms are equivalent despite their semiotical difference. 1.1.2. Recalling multisets "For each a in A the multiplicity (that is, number of occurrences) of a is the number m(a). If a universe U in which the elements of A must live is specified, the definition can be simplified to just a multiplicity function mU : U -> N from U to the set N = {0, 1, 2, 3, ...} of natural numbers, obtained by extending m to U with values 0 outside." (Multisets, WiKi) "The set of all mappings ∝: ∪ -> X is denoted by ∪ X ." The sum or (arithmetic) addition of A and B, denoted by A + B or A ∪+ B or A ∪ B, is the mset C such that mC (x) = mA (x) + mB (x), for all x. "For example, if A = [a, b] and B = [a, b] then A − B = [a, b] ⊂ B contradicting the classical laws that (A − B) ∩ B = ∅ and (A − B) ∪ B = A. Therefore, < p(Y ), ∪, ∩, −, ∅, Y > is only a lattice (Knuth) and not a boolean algebra. " (Sing) The multiplicity function mU : U -> N from U to the set N = {0, 1, 2, 3, ...} might be involved with the graphematic abstractions, defining different types of graphematic constellations (systems) in terms of multiset terminology, concepts and formalization. ∝: ∪ -> X might be parametrizised towards graphematical abstractions, hence the system of graphematical multiset shall be defined as: graphem(∪ X) = ∪ X Conflict between Calculus of Indication (CI) and Multisets If we accept that the CI belongs to the language of multisets, as it is supposed by some experts, it turns out that the equally proposed "boolean algebraic structure" of the CI that is characterizing the CI, is not holding properly. Again, it becomes obvious that the CI, even if it belongs to the graphematic scriptures that are defining the languages of multisets, is of such a minimal complexity that its coincidence with boolean structures becomes arbitrary. Sounds like: "A free Boolean algebra on no elements, namely 2." "For example, if A = [a, b] and B = [a, b] then A − B = [a, b] ⊂ B contradicting the classical laws that (A − B) ∩ B = ∅ and (A − B) ∪ B = A." For the special case of the CI with A = [a, b] and B = [a, b] then A − B ∩ B = ∅: ([a, b] [a ) ∩ [a,b] = ∅ and for (A − B) ∪ B = A: ([a, b] [a ) ∪ [a, b] = [a, b] . Properties multiset multiplicity of objects cardinality of the multiset order of objects is irrelevant Morphic Multisets.nb file:///Volumes/KAEHR/HD-KAE-Texte/KAE-TEXTS/Publi... 2 of 52 24/05/2012 17:19 1.1.3. Polycontextural modeling of multisets Multisets are mappings from U to N, resulting in tupels (U, N). It might be speculated that such a mapping could be represented by contextural mediation between the to distinguished domans U and N. Therefor, this kind of multisets would be represented in the mediated domains of U an N as (U, N). Both domains, U and N, are covered by a contexture, therefore, the mediation (U,N) is represented by a third contexture that is mediating the contextures for U and M. Following the fact that multisets are answers to two different questions, a modeling in a polycontextural framework is as natural as other modelings too. One question concerns the set of elements, the other question is concerned with the multiplicity of the elements of the set. Obviously there is a kind of an order between set-theoretic and multiplicity-theoretic topics. It could even be mentioned that the multiplicity-aspect is a reflexion onto the set-aspect of the multiset construction. On the other hand it could be argued that classical set-theoretic concepts are polycontextural too. But restricted to a mono-contextural understanding where the multiplicity of elements is always just one. This argument holds for the mono-contextural approach to sets and multiplicity too. "Remark 1. Any ordinary set A is actually a multiset A, χ A , where χ A is its characteristic function." There is also another interesting circularity to observe. In classical settings, multiplicity in set-theory, based on cardinality, is itself based on sets. Even if the paradoxes of the naive concept of sets are suspended by different axiomatizations, a new paradox emerges: Multiplicity of multisets is based on the cardinality of ordinary sets. Hence, multisets are 'actually' sets of sets. While any ordinary set is "actually a multiset". Morphic Multisets.nb file:///Volumes/KAEHR/HD-KAE-Texte/KAE-TEXTS/Publi... 3 of 52 24/05/2012 17:19 A polycontextural thematization and formalization of the topics of multisets is replacing setor category-theoretic mappings of different domains for a mediation of those domains. Mediation additionally opens up highly flexible and complex constellations that are not easily accessible with the concept and formalism of mappings. As long as both domains or contextures of a mset are just separated and are not interacting and are therefore not changing during the process of manipulation, there is no need to introduce more sophisticated concepts and methods to replace or augment the well established static correlations or mappings in the sense of multiset theory. Multiset operations, like insertion, addition, subtraction, etc. are sufficient to realize change in a static context. If it is reclaimed that msets are more directly respecting real-world and concrete life situations than their counterpart, the abstract sets of extensional set theory, the proposed claims has to be reduced to the fact of another kind of abstract notions. A separation of the two (or more) domains enables flexible concurrent interactions between otherwise stable and unified domains. "However like other multiset theories, they are both two-sorted theories where the multiplicities are a different type of objects from the multisets they support. This would require separate axioms for multiplicity arithmetic, and in the infinite case it involves piggybacking on a predefined model of cardinal arithmetic (for example [Blizard 3] uses cardinals in a model of ZF set theory)." (Dang, 2010, p. 48) A one-sorted approach for multiset theory is given in Dang's thesis "Symmetric sets and graph models of set and multiset theories". "Therefore we will now propose a one-sorted account of multisets, where multiplicities and sets come from the same universe and follow the same axioms. As a result multiplicities are no longer cardinal numbers but sets themselves, with their own internal structures. The natural ordering of multiplicities will be identified with the subset relation, i.e. intuitively we consider x to be less than y as multiplicities if is a proper subset of y." (Dang, 2010, p. 48) http://www.dpmms.cam.ac.uk/~tf/dangthesis.pdf 1.1.4. Bifunctorial approach to multisets A version of a deliberation of mappings that is not yet polycontextural might be achieved with th


Objective: The aim of the study was to identify the pattern of usage of clozapine in Christchurch, New Zealand, including daily dose, indication and use of drug concentration monitoring. Method: Patients (n=353) were identified retrospectively from the pharmacy computer system. Data gathered included patient demographics, the daily clozapine dose and the number of occasions that clozapine drug concentration monitoring occurred. In addition, each psychiatrist who had prescribed clozapine was surveyed, regarding their indications for the use of clozapine and their use of clozapine drug concentration monitoring. Results: The majority (63%) of patients on clozapine were male. The mean age of the patients was 43 years (range 15–88 years). The mean daily dose of clozapine was 325 mg (range 12.5–900 mg). Patients over the age of 65 years were on a significantly lower dose (mean=143 mg, 95% CI=103–183 mg) compared with those under 65 years of age (mean=350 mg, 95% CI=330–370 mg). The median duration of treatment on clozapine was 4 years. Fifty-one percent of patients had undergone drug concentration monitoring, the majority on multiple occasions. In females, increasing age correlated with an increase in dose-corrected plasma clozapine concentrations (r2=0.29, p<0.001). This was not demonstrated in the male population. Of the psychiatrists surveyed, 44% prescribed clozapine for unlicensed indications and 79% used clozapine drug concentration monitoring in their patients. This was most commonly performed to assess compliance or confirm toxicity. Conclusions: The mean daily dose of clozapine of 325 mg was similar to that found in other studies. An age-related decline in dose was observed, probably due to different indications, with many of the elderly patients receiving clozapine for Parkinsonian related symptoms. There was also an age-related decline apparent in clearance in females. Clozapine was often used for unlicensed indications, and a clear majority of psychiatrists use drug concentration monitoring.


AbstrAct Introduction: The decision of a surgical procedure and the surgical strategy are based on the life expectancies of the patients. The systems differ greatly in the parameters evaluated and in the result of the total score. Therefore, for the same patient, different survival periods can be calculated and contradictory treatment strategies suggested. Objective: To evaluate patients with spinal metastases who underwent surgery, evaluating survival according to the SORG (Skeletal Oncology Research Group) Nomogram. Materiales and Methods: Retrospective study, March 2017 to March 2019. 20 patients. Inclusion criteria: spinal metastases, with or without spinal compression. Evaluation parameters: the SORG Nomogram with probability of survival, at 30, 90 and 365 days, in the preoperative phase and the remote evaluation: survival to March 2020. results: 14 women and 6 men, average age: 67.9 years. Follow-up 6 to 36 months. Average final score: 222.4 points, which would be equivalent to a survival of 99% after a month, 78% after 3 months and 50% after a year. conclusion: In cancer patients with spinal metastases, the SORG nomogram would be useful to predict survival, especially at one year.


Using a carbenoid rearrangement to introduce the conjugated acetylenic framework, a series of triynols has been synthesized in five steps from 1,4-butynediol. Several of the triyne alcohols are known natural products and others are glycosylated analogues. This route avoids the use of terminal diynes as precursors, which can be unstable and/or difficult to prepare. It is therefore procedurally attractive in comparison to more traditional routes such as the Cadiot-Chodkiewicz and Sonogashira coupling reactions.


Introduction: Failure of treatment for high grade gliomas is usually due to local recurrence at the site of surgical resection indicating that a more aggressive form of local therapy, such as PDT, could be of benefit. PDT causes damage to tumor cells as well as degradation of the blood brain barrier (BBB). We have evaluated the ability of ALA mediated PDT to open the BBB in rats. This will permit access of chemotherapeutic agents to brain tumor cells remaining in the resection cavity wall, but limit their penetration into normal brain remote from the site of illumination. Materials and Methods: ALA-PDT was performed on non tumor bearing inbred Fisher rats at increasing fluence levels. T2 weighted MRI scans were used to evaluate edema formation and post-contrast T1 MRI scans were used to monitor the degree BBB disruption which could be inferred from the intensity and volume of the contrast agent visualized. Results. PDT at increasing fluence levels between 9J and 26J demonstrated an increasing contrast flow rate. No effect on the BBB was observed if 26J of light were given in the absence of ALA. A similar increased contrast volume was observed with increasing fluence rates. The BBB was found to be disrupted 2hrs. following PDT and 80-100% restored 72hrs later. Conclusion: PDT was highly effective in opening the BBB in a limited region of the brain. The degradation of the BBB was temporary in nature, opening rapidly following treatment and significantly restored during the next 72 hrs.


As all-IP based mobile communications networks become a reality, it is important to understand how characteristics of these networks such as delay jitter can affect the overall performance of the system. We find that backbone network delay jitter can significantly influence the multiple access performance of an all-IP mobile communications system. To compensate for this, we introduce an adaptive jitter compensation technique that is linked to the system slot allocation and multiple access mechanisms. By linking these mechanisms, we are able to compensate for delay jitter, whilst also introducing novel resource allocation techniques for use with multimedia traffic. We detail the various techniques introduced, and show the performance enhancements possible when using such a scheme.


Quality of life is important for the development and evaluation of interventions for autistic people. It is a multidimensional concept, anchored in a sociocultural context and based on a person's subjective assessment of their life. The aim of this study is to examine whether the determinants of perceived quality of life vary by country (or culture) by comparing two groups of French-speaking autistic adults (n = 430), one in France and the other in Québec (Canada). A cross-sectional survey was conducted to provide information on the quality of life (Autism Quality of Life Measure—ASQoL), diagnosis and health conditions, self-evaluation of autistic traits (Autism-Spectrum Quotient—AQ10), and sociodemographic characteristics of these two samples. The results of our comparison of French-speaking autistic adults in France and Québec suggest that sociocultural context has an impact on autistic people's quality of life (r2 = 0.280). The Québec group reported a superior quality of life. The social experience of autism-related stigmatization emerges as a strong predictor of lower quality of life in both groups. However, the two groups differ with other predictors. This study demonstrates the importance of considering sociocultural context in measuring quality of life in autistic adults. It emphasizes the need for awareness programs and public campaigns aimed at identifying and countering stigmatization processes. Lay abstract What is already known about the topic? Quality of life refers to how people perceive aspects of their life such as physical health, material security, and interpersonal relationships. Studies have reported lower quality of life among autistic individuals than in the general population. What does this article contribute? This article contributes to a better understanding of quality of life and its measures from the point of view of autistic adults. By comparing two groups of French-speaking autistic adults from two different places (France and Québec—Canada), this research shows that the perception of quality of life and its determining factors differ for autistic adults living in each country. The Québec group reported a superior quality of life, and some quality of life predictors were different in each group. The social experience of autism-related stigmatization, however, was a powerful predictor of quality of life for all. Implications for practice, research, and policy To promote a higher quality of life for autistic people, it is important to consider the sociocultural context and implement awareness programs and public campaigns aimed at identifying and countering stigmatization processes.


The frequencies of IFN-γ-, IL-4-, IL-17-, FoxP3- and IL-6R- expressing CD4+ T cells in blood and/or pleural effusion sample of healthy donors, subjects with latent tuberculosis infection and patients with active tuberculosis, were analyzed by flow cytometry. The frequency of Th17 cells in patients with active tuberculosis is significantly lower than those in healthy donors and individuals with latent tuberculosis infection. The reduction of Th17 response was significantly more profound in patients with severe tuberculosis disease compared to those with pulmonary tuberculosis only. The frequency of Th17 cells was significantly lower in pleural effusion samples than in cohort peripheral blood from patients with tuberculous pleurisy. Correlation analysis showed that suppressive Th17 response observed in patients with active tuberculosis was significantly correlated with the reduced expression of interleukin-6 receptor on CD4+ T cells, but not the concentration of cytokine TGF-βand IL-6. consistently, in vitro study showed that Mycobacterium tuberculosis products inhibit the expression of interleukin-6 receptor on CD4+ T cells. Our results demonstrated that decreased Th17 responses were associated with the clinical outcome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Suppression of Th17 response through down-regulation of interleukin-6 receptor expression may be an important mechanism in the development of active tuberculosis.


This article asks why the United Kingdom made a slightly below–the–EU–average offer on the free movement of persons as part of the first EU offer to the GATS 2003, but then in 2004 chose not to limit the free movement of labour from the new Member States of the EU as most other 'old' Member States did. The main argument is that the policy choices reflect the aim of the UK government to retain flexibility in and external sovereign control over labourlabour immigration policies. This allows it to maintain flexible labour markets within the UK and the extended EU Internal Market.


This study identifies the impact of Hurricane Matthew on school attendance in an agricultural community in rural Haiti. We conducted a survey of parents whose children attended a rural school prior to Hurricane Matthew to determine the mechanism by which hurricanes impact school attendance. We determined the marginal effect of family size and school enrollment using a probit model. Parents identified two primary causes for their children leaving school: a loss of income-through crop damage and livestock deaths-and requiring the children's labor on the family farm. In our sample 96 children, 46% of the children enrolled in school, stopped attending because of the hurricane. No parent reported that their child(ren) left school because of illness or injury. Families with more children in school before the storm were 5% (p < 0.001) more likely to have a child remain in school. Families with some children not attending school before the hurricane were 7.6% (p < 0.001) more likely to leave school after the storm. The survey and probit model both suggest that an income constraint caused children to leave school. There is limited empirical evidence that students leave school to provide labor on family farms, and no evidence they leave school because of illness or injury.


Today's data centres need efficient traffic management to improve resource utilisation in their networks. It helps to solve the load imbalance problem of each processor. This Letter presents a 'dynamic hierarchical load balancing' approach for higher traffic scalability. The method selects the most favourable host satisfying the multi-dimensional resource constraints in terms of computing capability and its performance. The proposed method achieves significant traffic scalability improvement upto 66% over sequential and random virtual machine placement heuristics.


Although recurrent unprovoked seizures or epilepsy has been known for more than three thousand years, and even considering pivotal contributions like that of Hypocrates (circa 400 BC) establishing epilepsy as a brain disease instead of a religious or evil phenomenon, it was not until the 20th century that the first relatively effective antiepileptic drugs were discovered. Starting from phenobarbital and phenytoin almost 100 years ago, much research has been devoted to the development of new, more active drugs to treat such a broad category of symptom complexes (Krasowski, 2010). A chronological overview of the aforementioned development would provide interesting information about trial and errors in antiepileptic therapy, but from a chemical point of view (drug discovery) a classification according to structure is by far more useful. That is the aim of this review, thus covering the most relevant literature concerning synthetic approaches to the main anticonvulsant drugs. More detailed, comprehensive reviews on some of the main antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have been reported so far (Carril et al., 2007; Kraus et al., 2010), in some cases describing also aspects like pharmacokinetics, medicinal uses, approval for commercialization, etc. The present review intends to give a concise outlook at the most significant strategies employed in the synthesis of a good number of AEDs. Currently marketed drugs and some others in development will be briefly examined. Finally, a slightly more profound coverage has been given to some sections (i.e. carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine and eslicarbazepine acetate) on the basis of the relevance, therapeutic importance or promising applications of some AEDs over other ones occasionally employed or with a narrower application spectrum.


Patients with neutropenia, especially neutropenia following aggressive myeloablative therapy, are at high risk for developing infectious complications caused by bacteria and opportunistic fungi. Infections remain one of the leading causes of treatment failure in patients with cancer. Thus, new and innovative therapeutic strategies are needed for management of neutropenic patients with infection. Because neutrophils represent the first line of host defense, granulocyte transfusion therapy should be a logical therapeutic approach. Although such therapy has been employed sporadically for several decades, clinical benefit has been compromised by technical problems and low granulocyte yields resulting from inadequate donor stimulation. The discovery of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) as a means to elevate blood neutrophil counts when administered to normal donors has rekindled interest in granulocyte transfusion therapy. Extensive experience has been gained worldwide with G-CSF in clinical practice, and adverse events have been minimal when G-CSF has been administered to patients or healthy persons in human trials. This review focuses on the use of G-CSF in granulocyte transfusion therapy, including technical considerations of granulocyte leukapheresis and storage, donor selection and stimulation, as well as treatment results and associated risks.


The Balearic Islands are one of the most widely dated regions in Europe, totaling about 800 dates. The aim of this paper is to propose an updated periodization for the prehistory of Majorca and Minorca based on the analysis of a series of absolute dates for over 100 archaeological sites and in combination with a critical assessment of the associated contextual information. Only by means of a solid chronological scheme will we then be able to approach research into the social significance of the vast archaeological record that the islands has to offer and also make reliable comparisons with developments in surrounding regions.


Farmers increasingly leave crop residues on the soil surface rather than incorporating them into the soil. This practice helps reduce soil erosion, conserve energy, increase soil moisture, and increase crop yields. However, many soilborne plant pathogens survive in the previous year's crop residue, making diseases more problematic under reduced-tillage conditions. Reduced tillage can favor pathogens by such mechanisms as protecting the pathogen's refuge in the residue from microbial degradation, lowering soil temperature, increasing soil moisture, and leaving soil undisturbed. In order for reduced tillage to become more popular, additional controls are needed for pathogens. The four major control tactics (disease-control chemicals, biological control, host resistance, and cultural controls) can be used to limit damage from diseases. It is highly recommended, however, that crop rotation be coupled with reduced tillage. This practice controls many diseases and yet allows as much of the crop residue as possible to be retained on the soil surface.


This paper provides evidence that financial reporting quality (FRQ) influences the holding costs of trading strategies. While prior research has focused on the benefits of investment strategies based on poor FRQ (i.e., larger returns due to a greater amount of private information), we examine whether poor FRQ imposes greater holding costs on certain trading strategies. We show that poor FRQ motivates sophisticated investors with short-term horizons to tilt their portfolios away from value stocks, whose returns are contingent on investors revising their beliefs about firm fundamental value, and toward past winner stocks, whose future returns are realized more quickly. Poor FRQ also increases the length of time that institutions maintain large positions in value stocks. Our results imply that mis-valuations can be persistent when arbitrageurs perceive high holding costs from poor financial quality, even when they can see through the opaque financial disclosures.


Innovatively drawing on unpublished nature records by Gilbert White (1720-93), rather than his well-known publication, The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne (1789), this article argues for the disruptive ecocritical potential of the 'nature journal' or 'nature almanac' genre. The inspiration, conceptual framework and terminology for this argument come from Henri Lefebvre's (1901-91) account of 'rhythmanalysis', which proposes close attention to both the cyclical and the linear patterns of repetition that resonate through everyday experience – 'everyday' meaning commonplace and small-scale, and 'everyday' meaning recorded with unbroken regularity – as a disruptive alternative to the rhythms and time-scales of the capitalist economy. This article thus brings together archival research with contemporary cultural theory to propose new ways of 'thinking ecologically' and to contribute to a reconceptualisation of late eigtheenth-century natural history as materially 'ecological'.


Since the mid-1970s, the number of new cases of infectious syphilis has begun to increase. Ocular manifestations of secondary and late syphilis occur. The optometric role in the management of infectious syphilis is one of detection, consultation with internists and neurologists for systemic treatment, topical treatment of anterior uveitis, and monitoring for recurrence of disease. This report describes an elderly patient presenting with recurrent, bilateral iritis and optic atrophy as initial clinical manifestations of syphilitic infection.


The genomic ribonucleic acid (RNA) of Arkansas DPI at embryonic passages 10 and 100, Australian T, and Massachusetts 41 strains of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were compared using two-dimensional, 32PpCp-labeled oligonucleotide fingerprinting. The Arkansas DPI strain embryonic passage 10 was pathogenic for chickens and had one oligonucleotide not present in the attenuated passage 100. The remaining Arkansas DPI oligonucleotides had identical electrophoretic mobility. The fingerprint patterns of the Australian T, Massachusetts 41, and Arkansas DPI IBV genomes were dissimilar, thus indicating they were genetically distinct. The distinctive fingerprint patterns of these virus strains, all identified as IBV by other criteria, indicate considerable genomic variation. Fingerprinting is reliable and sensitive, and should be used in combination with other characterization methods for identifying and differentiating IBV strains.


OBJECTIVE
Cullin 4B (CUL4B) is a component of the Cullin 4B-Ring E3 ligase complex (CRL4B) that plays a role in proteolysis and is implicated in tumorigenesis. However, little is known about CUL4B function in human brain tumors, including glioma.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Here, to investigate the involvement of CUL4B in glioma tumorigenesis, endogenous CUL4B expression was depleted in glioblastoma cell lines U87 and U251 by RNA interference (RNAi).

RESULTS
Knockdown of CUL4B via shRNA-delivering lentiviruses significantly decreased cell proliferation and colony formation, causing G1 phase cell cycle arrest in both cell lines via down-regulation of cyclin D1 and up-regulation of p16. While increasing the expression of the tumor suppressor PTEN, CUL4B knockdown alleviated in vivo tumorigenesis in glioma xenograft nude mice and impeded cell migration via suppression of MMP-9.

CONCLUSIONS
Therefore, knockdown of CUL4B is likely to provide a novel alternative for targeted therapy of glioma deserving further investigation.


It is necessary to evaluate the spectra with an up-to-date solid-state detector in a mammographic system, utilizing exotic anode/filter combinations and PMMA phantoms from different thicknesses. It has seen that today dual energy mammography and tomosynthesis applications are using tungsten anode spectra up to 49 kV with exotic filters, such as silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), molybdenum (for the W/Mo combination), and so on. Based on this, this work was made an experiment in the metrological and simulated case. It was used a spectrometer with the W/Pd and W/Mo anode/filters, in some tube voltages with PMMA slabs, to find the respective spectra. The same situations were made for the simulations in the Monte Carlo, in the simulate case. Considering the uncertainty of the measurements, the spectra obtained are in agreement with the references provided by the equipment and with internationally adopted standards. Through, results obtained both in metrological and simulated cases can be validated for future uses in mammography.


This paper presents a new continuation-based quasi-steady-state(CQSS) time-domain simulation algorithm incorporating a multiplicative aggregated load model for power systems. The authors" previous paper introduced a CQSS algorithm, which has the robust convergent characteristic near the singularity point due to the application of a continuation method. The previous CQSS algorithm implemented the load restoration in power systems using the exponent-based load recovery model that is derived from the additive dynamic load model. However, the reformulated exponent-based model causes the inappropriate variation of short-term load characteristics when switching actions occur, during time-domain simulation. This paper depicts how to incorporate a multiplicative load restoration model, which does not have the problem of deforming short-term load characteristics, into the time simulation algorithm, and shows an illustrative example with a 39-bus test system.


Sphere is the second of A. R. Ammons's long poems-following Tape for the Turn of the Year and preceding Garbage-that mark him as a master of this particular form. The sphere in question is the earth itself, and Ammons's wonderfully stocked mind roams globally, ruminating on subjects that range from galaxies to gas stations. It is a remarkable achievement, comparable in importance to Wallace Stevens's Notes Toward a Supreme Fiction.


Microsatellite markers were used to test whether groups of pre-spawning adult brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis from the same population and captured at the same location during their breeding migration comprised kin. Only weak evidence for kin associations was found at the onset of breeding: the proportion of kin captured at the same location was low and similar to the proportion found across all locations and the average relatedness of S. fontinalis captured at the same location was low. A dilution of kin associations from the feeding to breeding phase is hypothesized to stem from mainly natural mortality that reduces family size by the adult stage. The results illustrate the dynamic nature of kin associations between consecutive life stages, even within the same fish population.


We have modeled the specific heat in the superconducting state of the heavy-fermion compound URu[sub 2]Si[sub 2], considering all symmetry-allowed gap functions. The best agreement with experiment occurs for a single line of zeroes. In this case there is excellent agreement on the size of the step in specific heat at the critical temperature and good agreement on the power law of the temperature dependence below [ital T][sub [ital c]]. Although the strikingly linear dependence of [ital C] on [ital T][sup 2] that is experimentally observed is not simply reproduced in our modeling, it can be approximated by assuming a slightly larger gap amplitude than predicted by weak-coupling theory.


Herein we report a series of [LnL(H 2 O)]Cl 3 complexes, in which L is a 1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane framework (cyclen) functionalized with 2-methylpyridyl pendants on the nitrogen atoms at the 1- and 7-positions and with N-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]acetamide groups on those at the 4-and 10-positions, and Ln stands for Eu, La, and Tb. The complexes were isolated and characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and 1 H NMR spectroscopy for the La and Eu complexes. 1 H NMR spectroscopy indicates that the complexes display a major twisted square antiprismatic (TSAP) geometry in solution, which was confirmed by using DFT calculations. 1 H and 13 C variable-temperature NMR spectroscopic experiments on the La complex provided an activation free energy of ΔG ≠ = (58 ± 3) kJ mol -1 for the enantiomerization process of the TSAP isomer, which requires both the inversion of the five-membered chelate rings formed upon coordination of the cyclen moiety and the rotation of the pendant arms. The photophysical properties of the complexes were studied by means of absorption, steady-state, and time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy. Upon ligand excitation, the Eu and Tb complexes displayed the typical lanthanide-centered emission spectra with weak emission efficiencies (Φ ov = 0.11 and 0.68 %, respectively, for Eu and Tb in H 2 O). Luminescence lifetime measurements in water and heavy water allowed the determination of the hydration number of the complexes; these were (1.0 ± 0.2) for Eu and Tb. Spectrophotometric titrations of the [LnL(H 2 O)]Cl 3 complexes (Ln = Eu and Tb) with F - , Cl - , and Br - anions (in buffered water solutions, 0.01 M tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS)/HClO 4 , pH = 7.0) showed the complexes to interact selectively with fluoride anions, whereas no interactions were observed with Cl-and Br - . The interaction with F- was monitored by luminescence spectroscopy with [EuL(H 2 O)], which evidenced dramatic changes in the shape of the luminescence spectra, and an association constant of (2.86 ± 0.06) log units was determined. In the case of the Eu complex, time-resolved and high-resolution emission spectroscopy showed that the interaction resulted in the displacement of the coordinated water molecule, which led to an increase of the overall luminescence quantum yield, with almost no impact on the ligand-to-metal sensitization efficiency. Investigation of the Eu and La complexes by potentiometry (0.1 M NaCl) allowed the determination of the protonation constants of the complexes as well as the association constants with fluoride anions. DFT calculations on the fluoride adduct of the Eu complex confirmed the higher stability of the TSAP isomer and evidenced large structural changes upon F - binding, in agreement with spectrophotometric observations in solution.


In the present study vascular density was measure in histopathological slides of the simple goiter (15 cases) and of the same proliferative condition of the thyroid gland (113 cases) including adenoma (29 cases) and carcinoma (16 cases). Epithelial antibody CD31 and vWF identified vessels with the help of semiautomatic image analysis system. It has been shown that the highest values were typical for neoplastic tumors. However significant overlap has been shown. Statistically significant differences were very weakly seen between neoplasm's and thyroid hyperfunction. Also differences between carcinomas and adenomas were of low significance. Probably this is because of great heterogeneity of carcinomatosus neoplasms included in this study. Unexpectedly there were also no statistically significant differences between simple goiter, hyperplasia and thyroid hyperfunction.


Both neurologists and surgeons have given steadily increasing consideration to the pain which accompanies vascular disease. Among the varieties is atypical facial neuralgia, in which the pain is felt in the areas supplied by the external carotid artery. Section of the sensory root of the trigeminal nerve has usually failed to relieve such pain. Other attempts to relieve it have included resection of the cervicothoracic sympathetic chain at various levels and periarterial stripping of the common carotid artery near its bifurcation. It is generally believed that the autonomic nervous system is involved in the production of atypical facial neuralgia, and on this basis attempts have been made to relieve it by severing (either preganglionically or postganglionically) the motor outflow reaching the affected sites. After the operative treatment of atypical facial neuralgia, results are not predictable, and in some cases no relief at all is obtained. Furthermore, a Horner's syndrome results


According to some South African delict scholars, the South African law of defamation makes the wrong fulness of a defamatory statement turn on two conditions: first, that the statement caused reputational damage; and, secondly, that the damage caused was not outweighed by the achievement of some greater good. This article proposes an alternative view. According to it, the wrong fulness of a defamatory statement turns on two very different conditions. The first is that the statement represented the defamed person (the plaintiff) as having a worth which is less than the worth which the person ought to be estimated to have. The second is that the person making the statement (the defendant) intended this. The article starts by raising two objections to the scholars' view. One is that it cannot explain the fact that a defamatory statement can be false yet lawful. The other is that it cannot explain the fact that a defamatory statement may be found to be wrong ful even though it caused no reputational damage. After this, the article goes on to discuss and defend the alternative view's two conditions — that is, the 'representation condition' and the 'intent condition'. The latter is likely to be the more controversial, as it flies in the face of a scholarly dogma to the effect that wrong fulness does not in any way depend on fault. However, as the article demonstrates, it is impossible to make sense of the wrong fulness-negating defences of privileged occasion, fair comment, and reasonable publication, unless we accept the intent condition.


Oil palm wood (OPW) has been seen as alternative for the dwindling forest wood. Having inferior quality, OPW need to be processed and treated properly before it can be used as solid wood. The 5-step processing method was developed by Bakar et al (2004) that capable to solve all imperfections of OPW, producing high performance 'compreg' OPW. The process, however, is too long and considered as difficult by many practitioners. A new efficient and practical method with an integrated objective approach has been recently developed also by Bakar et al (2014). The 6-step process (Sawing – Compressing – Drying – Resin soaking – Heating – Hot-pressing) is much faster and easier than the 5-step method, producing comparable 'compreg' OPW in properties. The trunk is debarked with a peeler before being sawn by a modified sawing pattern (reverse cant sawing) which is no longer intended for producing square OPW but waney OPW timbers. OPW is not dried in the usual manner, but is first compressed to a certain extent so that the initial MC is forcibly reduced and creates micro-cracks. These quicken the drying by at least a factor of 10 (from 30-35 days to 3 days) without concern on excessive drying defects. The formation of micro-cracks facilitates resin introduction that can be carried out by a simple soaking instead of impregnation, and quicken the heating process by at least a factor of 3 (from 5-8 hours to 24-30 hours). Overall, this new patented method (PI 2014700947) is 8-10 times faster and simplifies the whole process.


Objective: To investigate the value of integrated pancreatic and biliary stents for prevention of post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis. Methods: The clinical data of patients whom had pancreatic stents for prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis from December 2013 to October 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical effect and complication were compared between straight pancreatic stents group and integrated pancreatic and biliary stents group. Results: A total of 214 patients had pancreatic stents for prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Among them, 139 of the patients received a straight pancreatic stents with the average operation time of 62.1±9.8 min and 75 patients received the integrated pancreatic and biliary stents with the average operation time of 67.2±12.7 min. The average operation time was statistically significantly different (P=0.001). Straight stents group was found to have higher incidence of pancreatic stents proximal migration and spontaneous abscission than integrated pancreatic and biliary stents group (8.6% vs 0, P=0.009; 12.9% vs 1.3%, P=0.004). There was no significant difference in the incidence of acute pancreatitis or hyperamylasemia between the two groups (3.6% vs 2.7%, P=1.000; 5.0% vs 4.0%, P=1.000). A total of 123 patients in the straight stents group received a second ERCP to remove the pancreatic stents in 1 to 8 weeks after ERCP, and 2 patients had acute pancreatitis and 3 patients had high amylase, while there was no complication happened after the remove of integrated pancreatic and biliary stents in one week after ERCP. Conclusion: The clinical effect of integrated pancreatic and biliary stents for the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis is better than straight pancreatic stents.


Authors experienced a case of human infection with Anisakis sp. in left tonsil. The case was 27 year Korean female who visited Department of Otolaryngology, Severance Hospital with the chief complaints of swollowing difficulty, and the sensation of a foreign body in the throat, on November 20th 1968. Physical examination of the oral cavity revealed that both palatin tonsil were chronically enlarged. A larval worm was found in crypt of the upper portion of the left palatin tonsil. Chief complaints of the patient was improved after removal of it by forceps. The greyish white living worm was fixed in lactophenol solution for morphological study. The worm measured 36 mm in length by 0.6 mm in width, 2.4 mm in esophageal length, 1.4 mm in ventricule, 0.1 mm in tail length, and 0.025 mm in caudal spine length, respectively and histological study was carried out from the serial section of the larva which was stained with hematoxylin eosin. Authors identified that the larva was Anisakis species.


A novel semi-liquid ant bait matrix containing imidacloprid between 0.001 and 0.1% destroyed all laboratory colonies of Pharaoh's ant in a dose related time span. Best performance was observed with concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.1% imidacloprid. Two concentrations (0.01 and 0.05%) were field tested in a town in Czech Republic. All flats treated with the higher concentration of 0.05% were free of ants within two weeks after treatment. The lower rate of 0.01% also eliminated all ant infestations but needed a prolonged period of time of 3 month and some re-treatment bait application. A further trial treating 147 apartments with a 0.03% imidacloprid bait resulted in complete eradication of ant infestations. In this trial, bait was applied by bait gun in distinct bait droplets at a rate of 80 and 250 mg of bait per m 2 treated area. At the first monitoring time point 21 days after application; all treated flats were free of ants. A small number of ants were again seen 40 days after treatment but consequently disappeared again without the need of re-treatment.


The purpose of study was to analyze how the visual information affects balance control of individuals during single leg stance. A total of 27 young normal people (20 males and 7 females, age: , height: cm, weight: kg) was voluntarily involved in the experiment. The subjects were requested to maintain balance for 20 seconds with eyes both open and closed on a force plate and then foot ground reaction data were collected for that duration. Results showed that mean velocity of COP in closed eyes condition was larger 1.84 times than that of the open-eyes condition and range of vertical angle was increased approximately one degree in the closed eyes condition. To accomplish a balance, the frequency power in mediolateral and anteroposterior components of the foot-ground reaction force was increased by 1.3~1.4 times. Consequently, visual absence during single leg stance can result in critical loss of balance and lead to instability of body control.


AIMS
To compare the performance of 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) and invasive coronary angiography (ICA) in the detection and classification (according to the Medina system) of bifurcation lesions (BLs).

METHODS AND RESULTS
We studied 323 consecutive patients undergoing 64-slice CTCA prior to ICA. All coronary segments >or=2 mm in diameter were evaluated for the presence of a significant (>or=50% diameter reduction on quantitative coronary angiography) BL. Evaluation of BL by CTCA included the assessment of significant lumen obstruction in both main and side branch vessels. Forty-one out of 43 patients (46/48 lesions) with significant BL were identified by CTCA. Excluding coronary segments with non-diagnostic image quality (5%), the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of CTCA for detecting significant BL were 96, 99, and 85 and 99%, respectively. In 39 of these 41 patients, CTCA assessment was concordant with the Medina lesion classification on ICA.

CONCLUSION
Sixty-four-slice CTCA allows accurate assessment of complex BL.


Although the interventional radiology, a rapidly expanding medical specialty, has already been widely popularized and generally accepted for many years, it is still facing lots of challenges and turf wars, such as the brain drain, understaffed and the gap between the old and the young. This article attempts to analyze the reasons through investigating the current teaching situation of interventional radiology in medical colleges and finding out the undergraduates' attitude to interventional radiology, in order to explore possible paths for solving the imbalance between supply and demand of qualified personnel.


Malaria remains a global health threat with 91 countries still endemic for the disease. Despite a recent substantial decline in morbidity and mortality, the magnitude of disease burden is still enormous as indicated by the World Health Organisation (WHO) report of an estimated 212 million new cases and approximately 429 000 deaths in 2015. Sub-Saharan Africa bears the brunt of the disease with 92% of all deaths. Plasmodium falciparum is the most lethal of the 5 parasite species that infect humans, and causes 99% of all deaths. In patients infected with P. falciparum , parasitemia can dramatically escalate every 48 hours or less and can be rapidly fatal if left untreated. Accurate, timely diagnosis is thus a critical first step in the management of malaria and the WHO recommends that all suspected cases must have diagnostic confirmation either by microscopy or rapid diagnostic testing (RDT), prior to initiation of artemisinin combination therapy. Microscopic assessment of peripheral blood is the current gold standard but is subjective and requires a high level of skill, whereas RDTs indirectly detect parasite antigen and can potentially give false positive/negative results. Other methods include PCR and the detection of monocytes with ingested hemozoin, which is a surrogate marker for malaria parasites. This study describes novel technology in the form of an automated Sysmex XN-30 analyzer, which utilizes a blue laser and flow cytometry to detect and count malaria-infected red blood cells. To evaluate the performance of the XN-30, 189 residual EDTA blood samples from suspected malaria cases referred for routine diagnosis by microscopy and RDT, were analyzed within 24 hours of collection. A total of 127 P. falciparum positive samples and 62 negative samples were processed over a 6-month period. Discrepancies between the analyzer and microscopy/RDT were resolved by PCR using dried blood spots prepared at the time of sample reception. The analyzer showed excellent specificity (98.5%) and sensitivity (98.4%). Measurements were reproducible with a precision of 1.24% and showed no carryover between samples. The percentage parasitemia that was accurately detected ranged from 0.003 to 27%. Positive samples were stored at room temperature and 4°C up to 7 days and daily measurements indicated that the parasite count was stable. To exclude interference by non-malaria factors, separate malaria negative samples (20 per index) with low hemoglobin, high reticulocyte count, thrombocytopenia and hemoglobinopathies (thalassemia, sickle cell anemia) were analyzed, but these had no effect on the malaria gates. Other Plasmodium species were also detected, including P. vivax, P. ovale and P. malariae. The direct detection and quantitation of Plasmodium parasites with the XN-30 holds great promise and has many advantages over microscopy/RDT/PCR. It is automated, easy to use and provides rapid, robust and objective diagnosis of malaria, which will ensure prompt treatment and thus undoubtedly improve the quality of healthcare and alleviate the disease burden in endemic countries. Since the XN-30 provides a CBC with each analysis, it may also serve as a valuable diagnostic aid in detecting unsuspected cases with fever of unknown origin. This scenario is becoming more common as international travel to endemic countries increases and tourists often present with symptoms when returning to their home country, where clinicians may not have a high index of suspicion for malaria, but would request a CBC as part of a diagnostic workup. The decline in parasitemia can be monitored by the XN-30 and if the clinical response to therapy is delayed, this may serve as an early warning sign of drug resistance. This will yield valuable data on the spread of artemisinin resistance, which is alarmingly prevalent in the Greater Mekong sub-region. The analyzer can differentiate gametocytes making it useful for detection of asymptomatic carriers who can be treated to prevent the transmission of parasites to the mosquito vector and thus protect communities. This is a vital step in disrupting the lifecycle of the parasite and is in line with global initiatives to eliminate malaria. It can also process finger prick samples making it suitable for infants and population studies, as well as monitoring efficacy of vaccines or new drugs in clinical trials. The XN-30 is currently for research use only but further development and clinical studies are in progress. Disclosures Pillay: Sysmex Corporation: Research Funding. Coetzer: Sysmex Corporation: Research Funding.


The oil content and fatty acid composition of berries from two subspecies of sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) were investigated. The berries of subsp. rhamnoides contained a higher proportion of oil in seeds (11.3% vs 7.3%, p < 0.01), berries (3.5% vs 2.1%, p < 0.001), and seedless parts (2.8% vs 1.7%, p < 0.01) than the berries of subsp. sinensis. Linoleic (18:2n-6) and alpha-linolenic acids (18:3n-3) comprised about 70% of seed oil fatty acids. Palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7), practically absent in the seed oil, comprised 12.1--39.0% of oil in pulp/peel and 8.9--31.0% of that in the whole berries. More linoleic acid (40.9% vs 39.1%) and less alpha-linolenic acid (26.6% vs 30.6%) was found in the seed oil of subsp. sinensis than in the seed oil of subsp. rhamnoides (p < 0.05). The proportion of palmitoleic acid was higher in the oil of berries of subsp. rhamnoides than the berries of subsp. sinensis (26.0% vs 21.5%, 0.05 < p < 0.1), but was vice versa with alpha-linolenic acid (8.8% vs 11.2%, 0.05 < p < 0.1). The proportions of alpha-linolenic acid correlated inversely with oleic and linoleic acids in the seed oil. In the oil of whole berries, the proportion of palmitoleic acid correlated negatively with the proportions of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids.


A chiral quark-model approach is extended to the study of the N scattering at low energies. The process of K−p → Σ0π0 at PK 800 MeV/c (i.e. the center mass energy W 1.7 GeV) is investigated. The Λ(1405) S01 dominates the reactions over the energy region considered here. Around PK 400 MeV/c, the Λ(1520)D03 is responsible for a strong resonant peak in the cross section. Our analysis suggests that there exist configuration mixings within the Λ(1405) S01 and Λ(1670) S01 as admixtures of the [70,2 1, 1/2] and [70,2 8, 1/2] configurations. The Λ(1405) S01 is dominated by [70,2 1, 1/2], and Λ(1670) S01 by [70,2 8, 1/2]. The non-resonant background contributions, i.e. u-channel and t-channel, also play important roles in the explanation of the angular distributions due to amplitude interferences.


Purpose To report a rare case of corneal honeybee sting. Methods The corneal honeybee stinger was removed under slit-lamp guidance using a 27-gauge needle. Results Corneal edema resolved by 90% the next day after removal of the honeybee stinger without using topical steroids. Conclusion The patient's condition improved significantly after removal of the corneal honeybee stinger, and corneal edema disappeared. The patient was evaluated in 1 week and then 3 months with permanent mild central corneal opacity.


Vehicle acoustic signals have long been considered as significant source in sensor networks for classification. In this research acoustic signals generated by each vehicle will be used to detect its presence and classify the type. Vehicle acoustic signal segmentation is important for continuous signal recognition because it reduces the search space effectively in vehicle's signal recognition. However, for Vehicle classification, it is difficult to segment the signal input reliably into useful sub-units because i) vehicle sound units can often be located roughly via intensity changes ii) energy changes in signal spectrum or amplitude help to estimate unit boundaries, but these cues are often unreliable. In this paper the series of steps proposed are signal segmentation is presented. includes decomposition of signals into successive frames of 50 ms without overlap. The computations of the spectrum representation (FFT) of the frames are carried out. The similarity matrix that shows the similarity between the spectrums of different frames is computed. Estimation of the novelty score related to the similarity matrix is done. The detection of the peaks in the novelty score is made and finally segmenting the vehicle acoustic signals using the peaks as position is done. These segmented signals are further used for feature extraction and classification.


Tuberculosis (TB) is a traditional disease caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it is a serious public health issue due to its risk of person-to-person transmission, and high level of morbidity and humanity. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates 11.4 million people worldwide are infected with both Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and HIV. Currently, there are approximately 8 million new infections and 3 million deaths attributed to M. tuberculosis annually. One of the major problems associated in comprehensive control of TB is that the restart of the disease in patients who carry a latent syndrome, in which the bacteria is in slow budding or non growing state and is refractory to treat with predictable anti-TB drugs. Directly observed treatment (DOT) is presently practicing for standard TB chemotherapy. It is well known that the resistance levels are poor in the areas with a strongly performing DOTS programmes. However, various drugs available in the market cannot be used for prolonged times due to diverse side effects. Therefore, the development of new and safe anti-TB drugs is in high demand. The major investigation on sEH inhibitors focused on urea, amide, amino- heterocycles and carbamate derivatives, but research on new compound structures is limited. Benzoxazolones are widely distributed in plants and are of increasing interest for a variety of pharmacological properties, such as detoxification, antibacterial, anti- HIV, anti-inflammatory, and transequilizers. Since benzoxazolones are active and inexpensive, many structural modification and preliminary bioactivity evaluation studies have been performed based on benzoxazol-ones. In this paper, 3-isopropyl benzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one amides and urea analogues were synthesized and evaluated as sEH inhibitors in vitro, and their anti-tuberculosis activities were determined in vivo. The 3-isopropylbenzo[d]oxazol- 2(3H)-one heterocycles has received considerable attention from the medicinal chemists owing to their capacity to mimic a benzamides or a phenyl urea moiety in a metabolically stable template. This class of compounds has led to the discovery of a number of derivatives endowed with antibacterial-antifungal, analgesic-antiinflammatory, anticonvulsant, dopaminergic, HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity, and normolipenic agents. Usually functionalization of the nitrogen atom is of interest, since the electronic characteristic of this atom can be decisive for the biological activity. Nevertheless, most efforts have focused on N-, 5-, or 6-substituted benzoxazol-ones. Presently, 5-substituted benzoxazolone derivatives have been scarcely prepared, and few reports have described the sEH inhibitory activities or anti-tuberculosis activities. The pronounced biological activity of benzoxazolone derivatives and the lack of structure-bioactivity relationships prompted our investigation on 5-substituted-3- isopropylbenzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one.


Abstract In this study, a mixed-type turbine was designed and tested with the double or single stage to improve the specific torque when it operates at a low partial admission rate. The turbine consists of double stages and the outer diameter of its rotor is 108 mm. The turbine rotor blades were designed as an axial-type blade along the mixed flow direction because the partial admission rate was 1.7–2.0% depending on the flow direction. Performance characteristics were measured at the double and single stage rotors to investigate the effect of the second stage on the low partial admission. In addition, when the flow direction was radially inward or outward at the nozzle, turbine performances were studied. In this experiment, the specific power, torque, and total-to-static efficiency were measured at various rotational speeds to compare with the turbine performance according to different operating condition. The tested results showed that the second stage should be adopted to increase the operating torque when the operating rotational speed was less than the critical rotational speed. The specific torque was improved by 7.8% using the second stage at a radially inward flow direction turbine


Abstract The February 2015 issue of ckj started a new era with renewed efforts to be useful to the training and practicing nephrologists and a new focus on Clinical and Translational Nephrology. Four years later, it has become a truly global journal with contributors and readers from all over the world. The increase in quality of the published material has resulted in a nearly exponential growth of citations. Since 2016, ckj is listed in the new Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) database from Clarivate Analytics and from January 2019 it will be listed in the full Science Citation Index. ckj will therefore receive its first official impact factor based upon 2018 citation to 2016 and 2017 articles. While no official impact factor was awarded for 2017, the estimated impact factors calculated from data available in Clarivate's Web of Science database rose to 2.987 in 2017, which would correspond to an estimated journal impact factor percentile of 72.4% in the Urology and Nephrology field.


In this paper, we follow the pore-level flow simulation approach to investigate fluid flow over an open-porous interface using the lattice Boltzmann method. As this approach does not require any specific treatment for the interface, its results can be used to evaluate the current macroscopic boundary conditions for the interface. The Beavers & Joseph boundary condition is evaluated and the value of slip coefficient is presented as a function of porosity of the porous region. Analytical solution of the velocity profile in the close vicinity of the interface is used to predict the penetration depth. The predicted numerical results for porous penetration depth are in excellent agreement with those predicted from the analytical solution.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


Problem solving lies at the heart of mathematics. A need to solve a problem can motivate students to acquire new ways of thinking and come to terms with concepts and processes. Students who can analyse problem meanings, explore means to a solution and carry out a plan to solve mathematical problems have acquired deeper and more useful knowledge than simply being able to complete calculations, name shapes, use formulas to make measurements or determine measures of chance and data. It is critical that mathematics teaching focus on enabling all students to become both able and willing to engage with and solve mathematical problems.


Jebel Irhoud 1 represents an almost complete cranium from the North African late Middle Pleistocene. Despite the good preservation of most of its anatomical regions, its phylogenetic position is still uncertain, particularly its relationship to the emergence of the modern human lineage. The present paper supplies a basic morphometric description and comparison of the endocast of Jebel Irhoud 1. The endocast's maximum width is large when compared with the hemispheric length, with values similar to those of Neandertals. Conversely, the frontal width is less pronounced, showing proportions compatible with modern and non-modern human taxa. The vertical proportions are similar to those displayed by Homo erectus , while the lateral proportions are comparable to Neandertals. Fur-thermore, the upper parietal areas show a certain parasagittal lateral bulging, as in European Neandertals. It remains to be established if this trait evolved independently in both the Neandertal and modern human lineages, or if it was already present in a common ancestor of these two groups. Given that Jebel Irhoud 1 in North Africa and Herto in East Africa have similar geological age, similar facial morphology, but different vault proportions, it seems likely that the origin of the modern human lineage may have predated the origin of many aspects of the modern human brain.