The LHCb High Level Trigger (HLT) is split in two stages. HLT1 is synchronous with collisions delivered by the LHC and writes its output to a local disk buffer, which is asynchronously processed by HLT2. Efficient monitoring of the data being processed by the application is crucial to promptly diagnose detector or software problems. HLT2 consists of approximately 50000 processes and 4000 histograms are produced by each process. This results in 200 million histograms that need to be aggregated for each of up to a hundred data taking intervals that are being processed simultaneously. This paper presents the multi-level hierarchical architecture of the monitoring infrastructure put in place to achieve this. Network bandwidth is minimised by sending histogram increments and only exchanging metadata when necessary, using a custom lightweight protocol based on boost::serialize. The transport layer is implemented with ZeroMQ, which supports IPC and TCP communication, queue handling, asynchronous request/response and multipart messages. The persistent storage to ROOT is parallelized in order to cope with data arriving from a hundred of data taking intervals being processed simultaneously by HLT2. The performance and the scalability of the current system are presented. We demonstrate the feasibility of such an approach for the HLT1 use case, where real-time feedback and reliability of the infrastructure are crucial. In addition, a prototype of a high-level transport layer based on the stream-processing platform Apache Kafka is shown, which has several advantages over the lower-level ZeroMQ solution.


This essay examines the role of the national in shaping the geo-political divides and connections of the South Asian diaspora in Toronto. South Asian diaspora identities are explored through two contrasting political projects that reveal the ambivalent role of the nation in producing diasporic subjectivities and their shifting borders. First, by discussing the perceptions of South Asians in Toronto, it is contended that national and religious divides are reproduced in the diaspora as a means of national belonging to the society of settlement. Diasporic geo-political divides are not merely transposed from societies of origin to settlement, but rather lie at the intersection of transnational and multicultural politics that encompass societies of origin and settlement. The reproduction of national divides in the South Asian diaspora is situated in the neighbourhoods of immigrant settlement that are positioned as the objects of multicultural efficacy. The second political project reconstitutes the national through cross-national solidarities.  Through a discussion of South Asian organizations and political initiatives in Toronto and other cities in North America, this section illuminates diasporic politics predicated on new understandings of history and connection that rejuvenate and politicize multicultural politics. The argument presented finds that national boundaries are re-inscribed in the diaspora at the intersection of the multiple claims of membership. Simultaneously, experiences and interactions in the diaspora provide the grounds for transforming and questioning the limits of national belonging.


During a measurement with a MMB Bo 105 in Braunschweig, the rotor blade tip vortex position was investigated by means of stereoscopic BOS


Introduction: Mild or moderate-intensity injury will respond with a brief inflammatory response followed by reactionary dentinogenesis. Calcium hydroxide has been considered the gold standard for pulp capping materials for decades to stimulate the formation of tertiary dentin. Blood clamshells (Anadara granosa) contained a high content of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the blood clamshells. It is a source of calcium and it has good biocompatibility to be used as a bone repair material. This study is aimed to reveal the expression VEGF-A in odontoblast pulp cells on days 1, 3, and 7 after administration of blood clam shells derived calcium carbonate in dentin pulp complex. Methods: Thirty Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into 6 groups consist of 5 random samples each. The experimental group's cavity was prepared on the occlusal side of the right upper molar, and they were treated with blood clamshell calcium carbonate suspension and sealed with RMGIC. For decalcification, the solution was replaced with ethylene-diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) after 24 hours and was refreshed every day. Anti-VEGF-A monoclonal antibodies were used for HE and immunohistochemical staining. Result: In this study, the results were obtained consecutively on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th day with p> 0.05 for VEGF-A in all groups. Conclusion: The application of calcium carbonate is expected to be an innovative treatment in opening up new pathways for the regenerative dentin process through upregulation of VEGF-A


In Ireland, the research-teaching nexus debate led to the establishment of the National Academy for the Integration of Research, Teaching and Learning in 2007. This is an inter-institutional collaboration, led by University College Cork, that serves all higher education institutions. Initially, the language of the integration of research, teaching and learning (IRTL) was not highly developed. Five years on, and very much influenced by Boyer's (1990) definitions of scholarship, and the work of Healey and Jenkins (2005), Brew (2006) and others, the multiple strands of IRTL have been teased out, expanded and clearly articulated. Analysis of the language used in grant applications, and award nominations over the five year period has been carried out, to detect any changes that have occurred. This paper will present the results of this analysis. Implications for future national and international collaborations will be discussed.


The plaque assay is the traditional method for the quantification of bacteriophage, particularly for lambda cloning vectors. Unfortunately, this technique is fraught with procedural difficulties, and the quality of the data obtained from this "gold standard" assay may be inaccurate due to the subjective interpretation of the results. The application of quantitative real-time PCR (QPCR) technology can address these issues and be a more accurate platform to evaluate phage growth conditions and quantify viral titers in phage preparations. QPCR, with an improved primer set specific for lambda phage and coupled with fluorescent dye detection of PCR products, was used to detect and quantify phages in lysates with no prior DNA purification. Phages were detected below one plaque-forming unit, and at least 89 viral copies were detected from a purified DNA sample. When unknown concentrations of various phage preparations were assessed using QPCR, they were attained more efficiently, with greater sensitivity and precision, and the method produced more accurate quantitative data spanning a wider linear range than those obtained by the plaque assay (six logs vs. one log, respectively). Finally, QPCR for the detection of phage has multiple applications, including conventional cloning and in alternative fields of study such as environmental sciences.


Considering the utmost importance that sensory stimuli have on a child's development, this volume is the result of careful analysis of numerous studies carried out to determine the effects of our built surroundings on the behaviour of young children. "Preschools and Kindergarten" is a selection of 26 preschools from around the world, each a successful rendering of the qualities that make for ideal spots for children, combined with innovative architectural practices. For example, the spaces must be safe, with no toxic substances or accessible electrical installations. They must be calming while at the same time capable of stimulating a child's interest, with materials that pad noise, as well as absorb the inevitable fall! Finally, all technical and ecological installations, such as solar panels, tanks for rainwater collection and recycling facilities, are fully analysed and explained.


Allusions to Cicero in the late-medieval tractatus nauticus. The Middle Ages is presented as far removed from the development of the sciences, focusing instead on religious aspects. One of the disciplines that had been turning into a science through the Classical World and the Middle Ages was navigation. Numerous tractatus
nautici, written towards the end of the Middle Ages, have survived. These attempt to describe systems and navigational techniques based not only on mathematics and astronomy, but also on philosophy. The philosophy of Cicero's is a recurrent question in these works.


An automated flow-injection analytical system, equipped with an immobilized L-lysine-a-oxidase reactor (stable for over 6 months) and having a hydrogen peroxide electrode in the manifold, was developed for biosensing L-lysine. A substantial improvement in the selectivity for lysine was achieved by lowering the system temperature to 10°C; the sensor response was linearly dependent on the L-lysine concentration (from tens of μM to mM order). The analytical results were verified by HPLC using protein hydrolyzates as test solutions comprising various interfering amino acids. By the aid of an in-line filter, the leaching of lysine from L-lysine-enriched fish feed into an aqueous buffer was automatically monitored.


This thesis consists of three separate papers. The first paper, "International Diversification and the Forward Premium" reproduces the slope of the uncovered interest rate parity (UIP) regression for ten country pairs within one standard deviation under rational expectations. We propose an infinite horizon dy- namic stochastic general equilibrium model with incomplete markets. The underlying mechanism of the model relies on varying international diversification in the investors' portfolio choice decision. This leads to adjustments in interest rates, which are negatively correlated with movements in the exchange rate, as implied by a negative UIP slope. The second paper, "Asset Pricing with Idiosyncratic Risk: The Impact of Job Loss" studies the impact of unemployment risk on risk premia in an incomplete markets economy with many infinitely-lived heterogeneous agents. Job loss is modeled as large, but rare, persistent idiosyncratic shocks with heteroskedastic countercyclical volatility. Within an otherwise standard model and despite conservative assumptions on preferences, we simul- taneously generate a sizeable equity premium and a low risk-free rate. The third paper, "Multivariate Markov Chain Approximations" discusses the problem of discretizing vector autoregressive processes (VAR) into a finite number of states which is a necessary step to solve equilibrium models numerically. Univariate Markov chain approx- imations are well studied, however, few papers address the multivariate case. This paper presents and compares three approaches to the problem: quadrature, moment matching and bin estimation


Background: Analgesics such as Ibuprofen and Paracetamol, which are clinically used for the treatment of fever and/or pain, are among the most frequently used pediatric medicines. However, the properties of these preparations determine their cariogenic and erosive potential. Aims: The main objective of this study was to analyze the pH, viscosity and total sugar content in a variety of Syrian pediatric liquid analgesics (PLA). Setting and Design: A total of 16 available liquid analgesics that belong to the Paracetamol and Ibuprofen group were analysed. Materials and Methods: The endogenous pH was measured using a digital pH meter, the viscosity was measured using a digital rotational viscometer and the total sugar content was performed according to Fehling method. Statistical Analysis: Data were presented by means of descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values). Results: The mean endogenous pH of PLA was 4.63 ± 0.57 ranging between 3.93 and 5.68, and almost all of analgesics (93.8%) had pH values ≤5.5. The mean viscosity of PLA was 243.56 ± 186.6 cP and varied between 20.5 cP and 640.5 cP. Sugars were detected in 11 (68.75%) analgesics, and varied considerably among sugar-containing analgesics from 5.38 to 69.4 (g/100 mL) with a mean concentration of 24.97 ± 23.24 g/100 mL. Conclusion: PLA are potentially cariogenic and erosive because of low pH, high viscosity and high total sugar content. This may increase our concerns about the dental health of children who take liquid analgesics frequently or when long-term treatment is indicated.


Emotions elicited from interacting with technologies are fundamental components of user experience (UX). Two general approaches to measuring people's emotional experiences exist: memory-based and moment-based. Whereas memory-based approaches are susceptible to the peak-end effect, moment-based approaches appear to better reflect the actual experiences of emotions. In this thesis, it is proposed that assessment of emotions of think aloud verbalisations is a moment-based approach for measuring emotional experiences. To evaluate the effectiveness of this approach, two independent user studies were conducted, respectively with 46 and 35 participants, in the domain of online shopping. In both studies, three assessment methods were applied for measuring emotional experiences: Self-reports, Vocal expressions (manual analysis), and Vocal Expressions (automatic analysis). Study 1 adopted machine learning (ML) approaches to analyse participants' vocal expressions elicited during thinking aloud based on the discrete and dimensional models of emotions. While vocal analysis of verbal data was used as the momentbased approach, self-report questionnaires served as a means for the memory-based assessment. Results suggested that retrospective evaluations of emotions were significantly correlated with the most frequently elicited emotion (modal emotion) during the interaction. Study 2 expanded the extent of analysis of vocal expressions by taking a different set of ML techniques. Emotions were modelled by dimensional descriptors through binary pleasure (negative/positive), binary arousal (low/high) and ternary dominance (low/neutral/high). Results showed 66%, 70%, 41% recognition accuracy for Pleasure, Arousal and Dominance dimensions respectively. Moreover, elicited facial expressions were analysed to derive classification models to predict subjective self-reports. The main contribution of this thesis is the proposition and validation of an approach for automatic assessment of emotional experiences evoked during the think aloud protocol. Future work will investigate methods for improving the accuracy of automatic analysis, integration of multiple modalities (verbal and nonverbal) and different ML techniques in an actual automatic assessment tool.


In three mixed samples (mosses and leaf litter) collected in Zambia (southern Africa), forty-three specimens and six eggs of eutardigrades were found. Among them, 29 specimens belonged to a new species of the family Isohypsibiidae, Doryphoribius niedbalai n.sp. The new species belongs to the Doryphoribius evelinae group and it differs from other members of the group mainly by a different number and configuration of dorsal gibbosities, as well as by some morphometric characters. Apart from the new species, the examined material contained also two rare African eutardigrades: Milnesium tetralamellatum and Calcarobiotus (Calcarobiotus) parvicalcar. These species are recorded for the first time outside their type localities. Additionally, Paramacrobiotus vanescens is recorded for the fourth time from Africa. In this paper, together with the description of the new species, first ever photomicrographs of Milnesium tetralamellatum and Paramacrobiotus vanescens are also provided. This is the first account of the phylum Tardigrada from Zambia.


Achilles tendinitis can result, through inflammatory procedures, to tendon degeneration with microtears and nodules. Current conservative or surgical treatment of this lesion proved to be not effective enough. The reason for this is the absence of sufficient oxygenation in the area. In this study we report the results of a novel technique which tries to improve local vascularity. We operated on 15 mature rabbits after they were anasthetized. Soleus fibers were trasplanted in the right achilles tendon. A lesion, 10mm long and 2mm wide was created in the inner band of the tendon simulating tendinitis. In the left achilles tendon the same procedure was done without transplantation. The rabbits were divided in three equal groups and were sacrificed in the first week, the 2nd and 3rd month after the operation. Histopathologic examination was done in both achilles tendons. The following parameters were assessed: transplanted muscle viability, inflammation and neoangiogenesis. We also evaluated the contact between muscle and tendon and the quality of tissue that was formed in the tendinitis simulating area. Inflammatory process was noticed only in the 1st week after surgery. In the other groups viable muscle fibers and tendon tissue was observed. Muscle fibers were in contact with the tendon. The quality of tissue in the tendinitis simulating area was of better quality than in the control group. We conclude that soleus transplanted muscle fibers in the rabbits achilles tendon seem to be oxygen carriers and improve the healing potential of the area. This fact results in tendon reinforcement.


INTRODUCTION
Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) patients maintained with hemodialysis have more severe anemia than patients with other kidney diseases.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to compare the improvement of anemia in BEN patients and those with other kidney diseases during treatment with human recombinant erythropoietin (rHuEpo).

METHODS
The study involved 240 patients on regular hemodialysis for more than one year. Out of them 146 had BEN and 94 other kidney diseases (21 glomerulonephritis, 20 hypertension, 18 diabetes, 10 policystic kidney disease, 5 obstructive nephropathy, 18 other diseases). Treatment with rHuEpo was carried out according to European guidelines for the management of anemia.

RESULTS
Patients with BEN were older and were less frequently treated with ACEi than patients with other kidney diseases. At the onset of the study mean hemoglobin level (109.6 +/- 22.3 vs. 112.7 +/- 11.3 g/l) was significantly lower, but serum ferritin level and rHuEpo dose (65.4 +/- 22.3 vs. 57.5 +/- 22.5 U/kg/week) were significantly higher in BEN patients than in others. In prospective four months study these differences in hemoglobin levels and rHuEpo doses maintained.The rate of anemia improvement was examined in 15 BEN patients and 10 patients with other kidney diseases at the beginning of rHuEpo treatment. No difference in the rate of anemia improvement was found between the two groups but higher rHuEpo doses were used in BEN patients.

CONCLUSION
Patients with BEN on regular hemodialysis had more severe anemia and required higher rHuEpo doses for maintaining target hemoglobin level.


We investigated the growth of the two phase-separating materials diindenoperylene (DIP) and buckminsterfullerene C60 with different mixing ratio in real-time and in situ by X-ray scattering experiments. We found that at room temperature, mixtures with an excess of DIP show a growth mode which is very close to the perfect layer-by-layer limit with DIP crystallites forming over the entire film thickness. An unexpected increase in the island size is observed for these mixtures as a function of film thickness. On the other hand, equimolar and C60 dominated mixtures grow with poor crystallinity but form very smooth films. Additionally, it is observed that higher substrate temperatures lead to an increase in the length scale of phase separation with film thickness.


To address the shortcomings in many traditional spectral feature extraction algorithms in practical application of low modeling accuracy and poor stability, this paper introduces the "Boruta algorithm-based local optimization process" based on the traditional simulated annealing algorithm and proposes the "two-step simulated annealing algorithm (TSSA)". This algorithm combines global optimization and local optimization. The Boruta algorithm ensures that the feature extraction results are all strongly correlated with the dependent variable, reducing data redundancy. The accuracy and stability of the algorithm model are significantly improved. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional feature extraction method, the accuracy indexes of the inversion model established by using the TSSA algorithm for feature extraction were significantly improved, with the determination coefficient R2 of 0.9654, the root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.6723 μg/L, and the mean absolute error (MAE) of 3.1461 μg/L.


The modulation bandwidth has been identified as a specific limitation of quantum-dot or quantum-dash (QDash) lasers for direct modulation application. Solutions using tunnel injection and p-doping have already been demonstrated to increase the modulation bandwidth above 10 GHz, but with complex tunnel injection design and p-doping induced high internal losses. We show in this letter that the use of optimized QDashes and waveguide structure is sufficient to reach such high bandwidth at 1.55 mum. The device is validated by a large signal modulation demonstration at 10 Gb/s.


Pancreatic inflammation comprises a variety of pathological forms, each of which has received extensive clinical and experimental study. One of the principal problems, still unsolved, involves the mechanism responsible for the initiation of pancreatic necrosis. Necrotizing pancreatitis usually begins with clinical findings similar to those encountered in less serious types of pancreatic inflammatory disease. Acute abdominal pain often follows excessive consumption of food or drink, and the correct diagnosis may be confused with other acute abdominal situations, such as cholecystitis or ruptured viscus. The condition of the patient deteriorates rapidly to a stage of shock, overwhelming toxicity, and, frequently, death, despite aggressive treatment. Pathological findings in acute pancreatic necrosis are most impressive. The abdomen and retroperitoneal tissues are filled with serosanguinous fluid, and foci of fat necrosis are usually distributed diffusely. The pancreas is swollen, boggy, necrotic, and distended with bloody fluid. Microscopic changes include severe edema, leukocytic infiltration, patchy


This paper studies the energy efficiency of twelve Pure and Slotted Aloha tag reading protocol variants via simulation. We compare their energy consumption in three collision resolution phases: 1) success, 2) collision, and 3) idle. Our extensive simulation results show that Pure Aloha with fast mode and muting has the lowest energy consumption, and hence is most suited for deployment in energy-constrained environments.


Because of the demand for better performance in optical systems, there is a continuing effort to find more efficient ways of producing optics. Perkin-Elmer's involvement in developing new techniques for the fabrication of aspheric and flat surfaces has resulted in the generation of three machining methods: (1) computer-controlled polishing of aspheric surfaces, (2) continuous polishing of flat surfaces, and (3) single-point diamond tool machining of spheres and flats by means of the Precision Surface Generator. Optical flats larger than 20 inches in diameter have been produced that are flat to better than A /8 peak to valley. The Precision Surface Generator has successfully produced metal mirrors of aluminum, copper, and brass.


BACKGROUND
Hospital Onset Clostridioides difficile infection (HO-CDI) is a costly problem leading to readmissions, morbidity and mortality. We evaluated the effect of a single probiotic strain, Saccharomyces boulardii, at a standardized dose on the risk of HO-CDI within hospitalized patients administered antibiotics frequently associated with HO-CDI.

METHODS
This retrospective cohort study merged hospital prescribing data with HO-CDI case data. The study assessed patients hospitalized from January 2016 through March 2017 that were administered at least one dose of an antibiotic frequently associated with HO-CDI during hospitalization. Associations between S. boulardii administration, including timing, and HO-CDI incidence were evaluated by multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS
The study included 8,763 patients. HO-CDI incidence was 0.66% in the overall cohort. HO-CDI incidence was 0.56% and 0.82% among patients co-administered S. boulardii with antibiotics and not co-administered S. boulardii, respectively. In adjusted analysis, patients co-administered S. boulardii had a reduced risk of HO-CDI (OR=0.57, 95% CI 0.33-0.96, p=0.04) compared to patients not co-administered S. boulardii. Patients co-administered S. boulardii within 24-hours of antibiotic start demonstrated a reduced risk of HO-CDI (OR=0.47, 95% CI 0.23-0.97, p=0.04) compared to those co-administered S. boulardii after 24-hours of antibiotic start.

CONCLUSIONS
S. boulardii administered to hospitalized patients prescribed antibiotics frequently linked with HO-CDI was associated with a reduced risk of HO-CDI.


OBJECTIVE
This study examined ways that young adults with mental illnesses (1) currently use social networking; and (2) how they would like to use a social networking site tailored for them. The authors examined differences between those with mental health conditions and those without.

METHODS
An online survey was administered by the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) to 274 participants; of those, 207 reported being between 18 and 24 years old. The survey included questions about current social networking use, the key resources respondents believed young adults living with mental illness need, and the essential components that should be included in a social networking site specifically tailored to young adults living with mental illness. Pearson Chi-square analyses examined the differences between those who reported having a mental illness and those who did not.

RESULTS
Results indicate that almost all (94%) participants with mental illnesses currently use social networking sites. Individuals living with a mental illness are more likely than those not living with a mental illness to report engaging in various social networking activities that promote connectivity and making online friends. Individuals living with mental illnesses are also more likely to report wanting resources on independent living skills and overcoming social isolation available on a social networking site.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
Young adults living with mental illnesses are currently using social networking sites and express high interest in a social networking site specifically tailored to their population with specific tools designed to decrease social isolation and help them live more independently. These results indicate that practitioners should themselves be aware of the different social networking sites frequented by their young adult clients, ask clients about their use of social networking, and encourage safe and responsible online behaviors.


A new cathodic material for electro-Fenton (EF) process was prepared based on a macroscopic fiber (CNTF) made of mm long carbon nanotubes directly spun from the gas phase by floating catalyst CVD, on a carbon fiber (CF) substrate. CNTF@CF electrode is a highly graphitic material combining a high surface area (~ 260 m2/g) with high electrical conductivity and electrochemical stability . One kind of azo dye, acid orange 7 (AO7), was used as model bio-refractory pollutant to be treated at CNTF@CF cathode in acidic aqueous medium (pH 3.0). The experimental results pointed out that AO7 and its organic intermediate compounds were totally mineralized by hydroxyl radical generated from Fenton reaction. In fact, 96.7 % of the initial TOC was eliminated in 8h of electrolysis by applying a current of -25 mA and ferrous ions as catalyst at concentration of 0.2 mM. At the same electrolysis time, only 23.7 % of TOC removal found on CF support which proved the high mineralization efficiency of new material thanks to CNTs deposition. The CNTF@CF cathode maintained stable its activity during five experimental cycles of EF set-up. The results indicated that CNTF@CF material could be a potential choice for wastewater treatment containing bio-refractory by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs).


The use of renewable energy for providing electricity is growing rapidly. Among others, wind power is one of the most appealing energy sources. The wind speed has direct impact on the generated wind power and this causes the necessity of wind speed forecasting. For better power system planning and operation, we need to forecast the available wind power. Wind power is volatile and intermittent over the year. For getting better insight and a tractable optimization problem for different decision making problems in presence of wind power generation, it is required to cluster the possible wind power generation scenarios. This article presents probabilistic wind speed clustering prototype for wind speed data of Khaaf, Iran. This region is known as one of the high potential wind sites in Iran and several wind farm projects is planned in this area. The average speed of wind for a ten-minute period measured at height of 40m over a year (2008) is used for clustering. From the result of this research, the most appropriate probabilistic model for the wind speed can be obtained.


I/O power represents a sizeable portion of the overall power budget on a low power mobile platform. Significant fraction of that I/O power is used to ensure signal integrity on the high speed buses. While there is flexibility to trade off I/O power consumption against signal quality on Intel's current mobile and sub-note platforms, inefficiency still exists on wide I/O buses such as FSB and DDR2. In this paper, we will outline two novel bus termination schemes that can significantly reduce FSB and DDR2 I/O power consumption by further trading off signal quality on the new Low Power IA (LPIA) Ultra Small PC (UMPC) platforms.


There is increasing emphasis on the use of systems biology approaches to define radiation-induced responses in cells and tissues. Such approaches frequently rely on global screening using various high throughput 'omics' platforms. Although these methods are ideal for obtaining an unbiased overview of cellular responses, they often cannot reflect the inherent heterogeneity of the system or provide detailed spatial information. Additionally, performing such studies with multiple sampling time points can be prohibitively expensive. Imaging provides a complementary method with high spatial and temporal resolution capable of following the dynamics of signaling processes. In this review, we utilize specific examples to illustrate how imaging approaches have furthered our understanding of radiation-induced cellular signaling. Particular emphasis is placed on protein colocalization, and oscillatory and transient signaling dynamics.


[reaction: see text] Several lactones were examined to test the reactivity of carbon-centered radicals toward oxygen. Notably, the radical derived from 2-coumaranone (4) is unreactive toward oxygen, while 2-cuomaranone itself shows enhanced reactivity toward hydrogen abstraction by alkoxyl radicals. We propose that five parameters influence diminished reactivity toward oxygen, i.e., (a) benzylic resonance stabilization, (b) unpaired spin delocalization on oxygen, (c) favorable stereoelectronic effects, (d) electron-withdrawing effects, and (e) steric effects.


This infant, born after a normal pregnancy by cesarean section, appeared entirely normal for the first 44 hours of life, at which time she was found to have become completely apneic, suddenly and without known cause. The infant was resuscitated, placed in a respirator, treated energetically but with limited response, and expired 15 days later. At autopsy, bilaterally symmetric lesions were found in the walls of the third ventricle, the periaqueductal gray matter and the floor of the fourth ventricle, characterized by marked destruction of most neural elements, but with a selective preservation of neurons and their processes. The process is interpreted as that of subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy. Many of the preserved neurons had reacted by a multiplication of nuclei, as many as 11 being present in a single cell. Binucleated macrophages were also present; There were hypoxic changes as well, with a loss of neurons in the hippocampal gyrus, and with basophilic PAS positive granules in the cytoplasm of many neurons, some containing iron. If resuscitation had failed this would have been considered a "crib death". The possibility exists that some other cases of crib death may be of this nature.


This research was focused on developing strategies for enhancing the roles of English newspapers. The researcher determined the roles of English newspapers from documentary research, questionnaire and focus groups. The results were synthesized to develop strategies for enhancing the roles of English newspapers in sharing educational leadership knowledge. The expected roles of newspapers were categorized into ten groups. The results were ranked as following: 1. to inform people about political, economic and social conditions, 2. to provide useful and helpful information for people's everyday lives, 3. to provide people with information on the ultimate meaning and significance of events, 4. to transmit values and social norms to the public, 5. to create awareness and educate people about various aspects of both material and social innovation, 6. to create awareness among people about the significance of ongoing and lifelong learning, 7. to crate linkage in joining different elements of society, 8. to motivate and inspire people on favorable aspects, 9. to entertain audiences with entertainment news and stories, 10. to communicate and influence people to accept or adopt certain messages or ideas. From the analysis of English newspapers' content, it was found that most of the content concerned fostering the learning and teaching followed by the content promoting the knowledge in community, providing knowledge on performance improvement for working people, instilling moral & value and presenting research findings and theories, respectively. The opinions of newspaper readers towards the current content of English newspapers showed that they were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied. The three areas of content considered knowledgeable were on effective methods and strategies in terms of problem solving, ethical and critical reasoning for performance improvement, providing knowledge of successful management and career accomplishments, and providing guidance, success criteria and effective strategies for personal development and self-enrichment. Another three interesting areas were the features on how to learn and share knowledge among people in a society, sharing knowledge and methods to improve teaching and learning and supporting and encouraging the concepts of building up a learning society. The proposed strategies for newspapers to improve their content in order to achieve the roles of educational leaders were as follows: 1. newspapers should develop themselves from within by strengthening their strong positioning and get their editorial and sales & marketing teams must work closer and share ideas openly among themselves; 2. adding a new section for providing content based on knowledge base in educational leadership was believed to be a crucial value added for the newspapers. Yet the style of presenting the knowledge content must be practical and creative in order to draw attention from a new group of younger readers; 3. Inviting readers to engage in developing and sharing content. Engaging audience could be both on-line and print media in order to facilitate readers to participate easily and freely; 4. Collaboration among all possible parties involved: media firms, educational institutions, private sectors, government, and the community, should be developed so as to be an active part in building up learning and knowledge sharing community.


Purpose Previously, mutations in the voltage-gated calcium channel subunit alpha1 A (CACNA1A) gene have been reported to be associated with paroxysmal disorders, typically as episodic ataxia type 2. To determine the relationship between CACNA1A and epilepsies and the role of molecular sub-regional on the phenotypic heterogeneity. Methods Trio-based whole-exome sequencing was performed in 318 cases with partial epilepsy and 150 cases with generalized epilepsy. We then reviewed all previously reported CACNA1A mutations and analyzed the genotype-phenotype correlations with molecular sub-regional implications. Results We identified 12 CACNA1A mutations in ten unrelated cases of epilepsy, including four de novo null mutations (c.2963_2964insG/p.Gly989Argfs*78, c.3089 + 1G > A, c.4755 + 1G > T, and c.6340-1G > A), four de novo missense mutations (c.203G > T/p.Arg68Leu, c.3965G > A/p.Gly1322Glu, c.5032C > T/p.Arg1678Cys, and c.5393C > T/p.Ser1798Leu), and two pairs of compound heterozygous missense mutations (c.4891A > G/p.Ile1631Val& c.5978C > T/p.Pro1993Leu and c.3233C > T/p.Ser1078Leu&c.6061G > A/p.Glu2021Lys). The eight de novo mutations were evaluated as pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations according to the criteria of American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). The frequencies of the compound heterozygous CACNA1A mutations identified in this cohort were significantly higher than that in the controls of East Asian and all populations (P = 7.30 × 10–4, P = 2.53 × 10–4). All of the ten cases were ultimately seizure-free after antiepileptic treatment, although frequent epileptic seizures were observed in four cases. Further analysis revealed that episodic ataxia type 2 (EA2) had a tendency of higher frequency of null mutations than epilepsies. The missense mutations in severe epileptic phenotypes were more frequently located in the pore region than those in milder epileptic phenotypes (P = 1.67 × 10–4); de novo mutations in the epilepsy with intellectual disability (ID) had a higher percentage than those in the epilepsy without ID (P = 1.92 × 10–3). Conclusion This study suggested that CACNA1A mutations were potentially associated with pure epilepsy and the spectrum of epileptic phenotypes potentially ranged from the mild form of epilepsies such as absence epilepsy or partial epilepsy, to the severe form of developmental epileptic encephalopathy. The clinical phenotypes variability is potentially associated with the molecular sub-regional of the mutations.


Summary

The effective utilisation of Moringa oleiferia mature leaves (MOL) extract as an antioxidant in cooked goat meat patties during refrigerated storage was investigated, and its efficiency was evaluated against butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The extract exhibited high phenolic content (48.36 mg of gallic acid equivalent per g), flavonoid (31.42 mg g−1 of sample) being the major component. Moringa oleiferia mature leaves extract showed excellent antioxidant activity as determined by radical-scavenging activity of 1, 1-diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The IC50 value of MOL extract for 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging was 18.54 μg mL−1. Total phenolic content (as gallic acid equivalent) significantly (P < 0.05) increased from 285.56 in control to 379.45 in patties with MOL extract. MOL extract (0.1%) when added to meat was found to retard lipid peroxidation of cooked goat meat patties as measured by TBARS number during refrigerated storage. The increase in TBARS number in MOL extract–treated samples was very slow and remained lowest (0.53 mg malonaldehyde per kg sample) up to 15 days. The antioxidant activity of MOL extract was found to be comparable to BHT. Addition of MOL extract did not affect any of the sensory attributes of patties. The MOL extract at a level of 100 mg/100 g meat was sufficient to protect goat meat patties against oxidative rancidity for periods longer than the most commonly used synthetic antioxidant like BHT.


The authors of the paper set the goal of examining the theoretical aspects of migration and showing the relationship between the influence of this social phenomenon on the political processes of the state and state policy in general. The authors highlight the main interdisciplinary approaches to the definition of the term "migration" with the aim of concretizing it in political science within the framework of the study. The study also answers the question of the relationship between "policy" and "politics" within a migration policy by comparing "state migration policy" and "migration policy", concerning which there is a different interpretation. The object of research is migration. The subject is migration policy and state migration policy. The topic is relevant because in the early 2000s migration acquired a new global scale under the influence of many heterogeneous factors often caused by adverse economic, social and socio-psychological conditions, as well as military conflicts of an interreligious and ethnopolitical nature. The research uses systemic, comparative, institutional, and ethnopolitical approaches. The systematization of approaches presents the scientific novelty to the definition of migration, as well as by the mutual influence of migration processes and political and administrative decisions.


This study investigates differences between global and Indian brand power in the Indian market. Brand power towards Indian and global apparel brand in the Indian market are examined. It is postulated that global and local brand power influence brand preference , which is composed of brand name, color, value, quality, loyalty, and purchase intention. Descriptive research design is followed in this research. Under nonprobability sampling technique, convenience sampling method was used to select the respondent from population. The data were collected through primary sources. Primary source the data were collected using a questionnaire method. Sums of 530 Respondents met at the time of purchase in specified mall (Forum Vijaya mall and Express avenue), in Chennai City during their leisure time, with a request to fill in the questionnaire. Using repeated measures MANOVA and Descriptive, this study finds that Indian consumers perceive Indian and global brand power differently based on Brand awareness. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 29-09-2017 Date of acceptance: 14-10-2017 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[6] ABSTRACT An analytical method is proposed to find structural shape and initial stress of tension structures. Nodal coordinates and cable tensions are sequentially modified from the initial ones by operation of constraint conditions with respect to stress so that the tensions in the whole structure can remain within the specified range. In order to examine validity of the solution and difficulty of construction, a structural model obtained from the present method was actually built and loading test was carried out.


Background and objective Porcine anaesthesia remains a great problem for cardiac surgery research and especially with cardiopulmonary bypass procedures. This study was designed to develop a suitable anaesthesia model in which miniature pigs could be induced smoothly and be maintained stably during and after a cardiopulmonary bypass procedure. Methods Thirty-one miniature pigs were randomly divided into two groups and induced using ketamine and pentobarbital (K-P group, n = 15) or pentobarbital (P group, n = 16) alone, respectively. Animals in group K-P were induced with intramuscular injections of ketamine 5 mg kg−1 and pentobarbital 20 mg kg−1 body weight, and those in group P were induced with pentobarbital 30 mg kg−1 alone. After intubation and intravenous catheterization, group K-P was maintained by continuous infusion of ketamine and pentobarbital, and pentobarbital was withdrawn after cardiopulmonary bypass started. Group P received a continuous infusion of pentobarbital throughout the operation. In addition, both groups were injected hourly with midazolam and pipecuronium bolus to achieve optimal surgical conditions. Results All of the group K-P animals survived for 24 h postoperatively. Five of the group P animals died from anaesthesia-related respiratory and cardiac arrest: three after induction and two after extubation. The animals in group K-P had more stable haemodynamics and arterial blood gas indices than animals in group P. Furthermore, the percentage of animals achieving satisfactory anaesthetic effects was significantly higher in group K-P than in group P. Conclusion Combination anaesthesia with low-dose ketamine and pentobarbital demonstrated superior haemodynamic and respiratory indices in comparison with pentobarbital. The combination regimen can achieve both hypnosis and analgesia effects with stable circulatory parameters.


Paleochronic reversion is confirmed in Psophocarpus as a basic floral ground state. That state can expand to include dynamics (T(g,…,h)) of axial expansion (AE) as a permutation (Tx) phase beginning as phyllotactic floral phylloid (Tphyld) and/or axial decompression (TAxl) manifest as linear elongation (TLong) and/or rotation (TRtn) and/or latitudinal (TLat) expansion. Organ regions present a continuum as a vector space of floral axial transformation. A generative phase of meristem activity (T(Rz, Sam, Infl)) can follow. Experiments with 49 phylloid and/or phyllome paleochronically reverted flowers presented varying degrees of phyllotactic permutation involving development of a pericladial stalk (PCL) and/or inter-bracts stem (IBS) and/or activated pedicel (PdcL) and/or gynophore (Gnf), Cupule-like (Gnf)/Cupl-Lk) elongation. A meristem generative function included rhizogeny as root site generation (RSG) at the calyx (Cl), PCL, bracts (Bt), IBS, PdcL and/or Gnf/Cupl-Lk regions manifest as eigenvector functions as RSG whose density of generation was associated with permutation of the ground state. A continuum of pedicel to calyx regions constitutes a subset of a linear vector space whose extension is defined within the space: . The vector space transforms to a master vector field of generated Euclidian eigenvectors so that: Highlights Paleochronic reversion in plants presents paleo-botanic floral characteristics at a morphologic ground state. A permutative dynamic can ensue changing floral architecture. That dynamic can then transform to meristem generation presenting rhizogenous eigenvectors.


Immunodetection of total antigens of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites transferred to nitrocellulose paper was realized with IgA antibodies present in colostra and sera samples of 28 puerperal women and in 24 sera samples of patients with a diagnosis of amebic hepatic abscess. The most frequently recognized antigens by colostra antibodies were those which correspond to 1290, 82.79, 52.14, 40.91, 37.75, 35.08, 33.52, 28.53, 27.53 and 25.32 KDa of molecular weight, in the case of puerperal sera those of 82.79, 52.14, 40.91, 37.75, 35.08, 33.52, 28.53, 27.53, and 25.32 KDa, whereas the sera of patients with amebic hepatic abscess those of molecular weight of 719, 118.45, 88.45, 69.45, 55.26, 52.14, 49.38, 42.72, 36.81, 35.08, 33.52, 25.32, 23.82, 23.47, 20.52 and 20.03 KDa. The putative adhesins were recognized infrequently by Iga of puerperal colostra and sera while the IgA of sera of patients with amebic hepatic abscess recognized those of 118.45 KDa (112 KDa in other studies) in 83.33% of the cases.


The population of Monrovia is increasing accompanied by rapid urbanization. Due to rapid urbanization, economic development, higher living standards and changes in consumption patterns and lifestyle, the generation rate of waste has increased. Mismanagement of solid waste tends to hinder any progress towards environmental sustainability. This study endeavored to determine the adequacy of waste management services in the city, explore the linkage between population and development and the increase in the generation of wastes. The study assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively behavioral factors including knowledge, attitude and practices of solid waste management, collaboration among stakeholders, and challenges related to sustainable waste management in Monrovia. Households were selected randomly (simple and stratified) to show the socio-economic groups in the city. Purposive sampling was used to identify key informants or personnel in charge of waste management and the use of questionnaires captured vital information on waste management in the city. The major findings showed the main proportion of waste generated in Monrovia was organic refuse (40.2%) followed by plastic (14.2%). Waste generated are inadequately disposed of due to the inadequate collection system, as large fragment of waste remain uncollected resulting in open dumping and burning of wastes. These waste management challenges have become heightened as a result of insufficient technology to ensure proper management, low budgetary allocations for effective waste management, lack of skilled professionals, poor implementation of regulations to ensure adequate management, and poor public awareness.


A unique drone-based system for underwater mapping (bathymetry) was developed at the University of Florida. The system, called the "Bathy-drone", comprises a drone that drags, via a tether, a small vessel on the water surface in a raster pattern. The vessel is equipped with a recreational commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) sonar unit that has down-scan, side-scan, and chirp capabilities and logs GPS-referenced sonar data onboard or transmitted in real time with a telemetry link. Data can then be retrieved post mission and plotted in various ways. The system provides both isobaths and contours of bottom hardness. Extensive testing of the system was conducted on a 5 acre pond located at the University of Florida Plant Science and Education Unit in Citra, FL. Prior to performing scans of the pond, ground-truth data were acquired with an RTK GNSS unit on a pole to precisely measure the location of the bottom at over 300 locations. An assessment of the accuracy and resolution of the system was performed by comparison to the ground-truth data. The pond ground truth had an average depth of 2.30 m while the Bathy-drone measured an average 21.6 cm deeper than the ground truth, repeatable to within 2.6 cm. The results justify integration of RTK and IMU corrections. During testing, it was found that there are numerous advantages of the Bathy-drone system compared to conventional methods including ease of implementation and the ability to initiate surveys from the land by flying the system to the water or placing the platform in the water. The system is also inexpensive, lightweight, and low-volume, thus making transport convenient. The Bathy-drone can collect data at speeds of 0–24 km/h (0–15 mph) and, thus, can be used in waters with swift currents. Additionally, there are no propellers or control surfaces underwater; hence, the vessel does not tend to snag on floating vegetation and can be dragged over sandbars. An area of more than 10 acres was surveyed using the Bathy-drone in one battery charge and in less than 25 min.


Blood-foreign material interaction in the pump oxygenator was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy in 3 patients undergoing heart valve replacement (HVR) and 3 patients undergoing coronary bypass operation (CBO). While polyvinyl tubes show an average deposit of 60 thrombi/mm2 with 20--40 microns in size in CBO, bloodgas interface during HVR causes increasing thrombotic deposits (375 Mcthr/nm2, 25--50 microns in size). Distal to the pump the volume of particles may rise up 250 micrometer in HVR and up to 80 micrometer in CBO. In a 35 micrometer pore arterial-line-filter (Pall-Corporation) platelet clumps up to 1 mm in size are removed from circulating blood in HVR, and up to 300 micrometer thrombi in CBO. According to different platelet deposit proximal to the filter, more and larger thrombi can pass through the filter in HVR. Distal to the pump thromboemboli of 30--60 (maximum 90) micrometer in size can be observed in HVR. Particles of 20--35 (maximum 60) micrometer in size may pass through the filter and enter into the patient's circulation in CBO. As the results suggest, extracorporal circulation is more harmful for patients undergoing HVR than for those undergoing CBO.


words as hunger, poverty, and oppression. The demand that the church should: 'keep out of politics' has almost invariably meant 'left-wing politics', ignoring the fact that to remain silent or neutral in a context of blatant injustice or oppression is itself a political decision. Unexpected News. Reading the Bible with Third World Eyes by Robert McAfee Brown (Westminster Press (1984), $7.95, pp. 166, ISBN 0-664-245528) will be for many of its readers an uncomfortable book and a threatening book. It calls not only for pious words but for costly deeds. In incisive style Professor Brown re-examines the traditional exegesis of several biblical passages the Exodus, Nathan and David, the Magnificat, the Good Samaritan, the Emmaus Road among others endeavouring to see them 'through Third World eyes'. In doing so he also offers plenty of stimulating material for preachers. Perhaps the author's own introductory comment best speaks for itself: 'I now see connections I never saw before between the God of the Bible and the good news of &dquo;liberation for the oppressed&dquo;. To the degree that I stand in the way of that liberation I must be challenged by the oppressed and by God. But to the degree that I can begin, in however timid ways, to be used by God in a liberating process initially so threatening to folks like me, I too am liberated.'


This paper presents competitive algorithms for a novel class of online optimization problems with memory. We consider a setting where the learner seeks to minimize the sum of a hitting cost and a switching cost that depends on the previous $p$ decisions. This setting generalizes Smoothed Online Convex Optimization. The proposed approach, Optimistic Regularized Online Balanced Descent, achieves a constant, dimension-free competitive ratio. Further, we show a connection between online optimization with memory and online control with adversarial disturbances. This connection, in turn, leads to a new constant-competitive policy for a rich class of online control problems.


Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of time of dietary calcium intake on eggshell quality in broiler breeder hens. In Experiment 1, 60 hens were randomly divided among three treatment groups. The control group received 155 g feed (3.1% calcium) per day at 0800 hr whereas the morning- (a.m.) and evening-fed (p.m.) treatments received a .42% calcium diet (155 g/bird) and were intubated with 4.2 g calcium at 0800 or 1600 hr, respectively. Egg weight, shell weight, and specific gravity were determined at 3-day intervals for 15 days. In Experiment 2, 150 breeder hens were randomly divided among two treatment groups. They were fed 122 g per hen during a 2.5-hr feeding time at 0700 to 0930 or 1530 to 1800 hr. Eggs were collected for egg weight, shell weight, and specific gravity determinations. At the end of the 5th week, 10 hens from each treatment group were sacrificed at various times throughout a 24-hr period and the contents of each segment of the GI tract and feces were analyzed for moisture, dry matter, and calcium. In Experiment 3, two commercial broiler-breeder houses with 5,000 hens each were used. They were fed 132 g/hen per day at 0530 hr daily with water provided ad lib. The feeding time of one house was moved forward by 2 or 2.5 hr per day until the feeding time was 1600 hr. Eggs were collected for 2 weeks following pretreatment data and values determined for specific gravity. Eggs were also candled at 7 days incubation to determine embryonic mortality and fertility. Hens intubated at 0800 hr with their daily supply of calcium did not maintain shell quality equivalent to controls (Experiment 1). However, hens intubated at 1600 hr had no difficulty maintaining shell quality. Hens fed at 1530 hr had significantly better shell quality during all weeks tested compared to hens fed at 0700 hr (Experiment 2). The p.m.-fed hens had 66.9% more calcium available at 1800 hr (2.07 vs. 1.24 g) compared to a.m.-fed hens. Hens fed at 1600 hr in the commercial houses (Experiment 3) had significantly better eggshell quality (specific gravity) than hens fed at 0530 hr. There was no significant difference in percent embryonic mortality or percent fertility when eggs were candled after 7 days of incubation. It was concluded that p.m.-fed hens had significantly more calcium available during the stages of eggshell calcification. The result was significantly better eggshell quality.


BACKGROUND
Most studies which evaluate antibody detection assays are conducted on blood donors specimens, i.e healthy individuals. Sera collected in patients, vs healthy individuals, can make serological tests difficult because of possible non specific reactions interfering with serological tests. The aim of this work was to compare the specificity and the sensitivity of two commercial automated assays for the detection of hepatitis C virus antibody, Monolisa anti-HCV Plus on the Evolis automate (Biorad) and Axsym anti-HCV 3.0 (Abbott).

PATIENTS AND METHOD
The prospective study of specificity included 2020 routine serum samples sent to our virology laboratory. The sensitivity was established with eight commercially available HCV seroconversion panels.

RESULTS
The Monolisa and the Axsym assays showed a specificity of 99.64 and 99.12%, respectively. Of 49 specimens from eight commercially available HCV seroconversion panels, the number of positive results was 21 and 24 for the two tests, respectively.

CONCLUSION
A statistical analysis of specificity and sensitivity results proved no significant difference between the two tests. Nevertheless, the Monolisa kits could be preferred for its more homogeneous sensitivity than the Axsym test and for its apparent better specificity. The final choice of a kit should also take into account the easiness to perform and an optimal integration in the usual practice of the concerned laboratory.


In the rat, a large number of in vitro studies on intestinal fatty acid uptake have been carried out. However, the results obtained under different experimental conditions are often contradictory. The present work is a critical approach to the experimental aspects which may modify in vitro intestinal uptake of fatty acids. Different kinds of intestinal tissue samples (intact, everted or opened rings) were used. The histological changes and the uptake of palmitic acid were measured for each type of sample under different stirring rates, at different incubation times and with micellar solutions of varying composition. It is concluded that 1) opened rings have the highest absorptive capacity with the lowest dispersion; 2) incubation periods longer than 30 minutes do not result in additional palmitic acid uptake and may lead to severe tissue hypoxia as indicated by extensive vacuolization; 3) stirring rates over 1 cycle/sec do not result in increased PA uptake and cause extensive mucosal disruption, particularly in jejunal samples.


Recent examples have shown that fluid injection during hydraulic fracturing can result in felt, or even damaging, seismic activity. In the vicinity of the Preston New Road site (Lancashire, UK), almost 200 earthquakes of ML -0.8 to 2.9 have been recorded by the British Geological Survey (BGS) over the period from October 15th 2018 to September 2019. This corresponds to the period during which hydraulic fracturing (fracking) was carried out by the operator, Cuadrilla Resources. Throughout the operation, fracking had to be suspended temporarily five times as the ML 0.5 'red light' of the UK regulatory Traffic Light System (TLS) was exceeded. Since 2017, the University of Liverpool has operated a seismic monitoring network comprising nine broadband Nanometrics Trillium 120 across the Blackpool-Preston region in order to determine the baseline seismicity and monitor induced events associated with the fracking operations atthe site. In addition to this network, both Cuadrilla and the BGS deployedseismometers-including borehole geophone stringsover the region making it oneof the best places in Europe for monitoring induced seismicity. The superficial geology of the region is dominated by thick sand, till and clay deposits, poten-tially leading to significant amplification of seismic waves. This amplification may lead to overestimation of earthquake magnitude, and therefore increased likelihood of triggering mitigation measures associated with the TLS. In order to understand amplification effects near the PNR site, surface-wave measurements (both MASW and seismic Ambient Vibration Arrays, AVAs) have been used to derive dispersion curves and obtain VS profiles through an inversion process for stationsite characterization. By using small local arrays (hundreds of meters wide) to regional arrays (tens of km wide), we reconstruct a velocity model down to the bedrock depth. This velocity model can then be used to compute a parshly non-ergodic ground motion and subsequently seismic hazard assessment. This approach allow us to account for site to site variability and result in reduced uncertainty in the hazard assessment. We find Vs30 in the range 200 – 300 m/s at the sites investigated, leading to significant amplification effects that may bias event magnitudes determined on a surface array.


cultural formation and practice. In contrast to much recent scholarship on African culture in the Diaspora, Brown is not primarily interested in the search for the African roots of Jamaican slave culture. ''Rather than ask of a cultural practice or idea, 'How African is it?' '' Brown argues, it might be more fruitful to ask '' 'What was it used for? What were its consequences?' '' (8). As he acknowledges in the introduction, this book is influenced by the model of creolization developed by Sidney W. Mintz and Richard Price, which problematized the quest for Africanisms and emphasized ''the cultural creativity of the enslaved'' (7).1 This approach allows Brown to better envision and explain ''how in specific contexts particular cultural configurations shaped political experience and action'' (8). By grounding his analysis of belief systems in cultural practices and social functions, Brown is able to paint an extraordinarily rich picture of Jamaican slave society. At the same time, Brown reminds us that slave culture was in no way deficient simply because it was not purely African. The culture of enslaved Jamaicans, Brown reveals, was as much a product of creativity, invention, and hard-fought negotiations as it was of loss and rupture.


Pseudoangiosarcomatous squamous cell carcinoma is an unusual but aggressive variant of acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva that mimics angiosarcoma on histology. We present a case of a 57-year-old woman with bilateral inguinal metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis, who died 4 months later because of distant metastatic disease to the lungs. Molecular analysis did not reveal any human papillomavirus infection. Because of the positive p53 immunostaining and the association to lichen sclerosus and simple type of high-grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, alteration of p53 tumor suppressor gene might be involved in the pathogenesis of vulvar pseudoangiosarcomatous squamous cell carcinoma. However, further molecular studies are required.


The light (or optical) microscope is the icon of science. The aphorism "seeing is believing" is often quoted in scientific papers involving microscopy. Unlike many scientific instruments, the light microscope will deliver an image however badly it is set up. Fluorescence microscopy is a widely used research tool across all disciplines of biological and biomedical science. Most universities and research institutions have microscopes, including confocal microscopes. This introductory paper in a series detailing advanced light microscopy techniques explains the foundations of both electron and light microscopy for biologists and life scientists working with the mouse. An explanation is given of how an image is formed. A description is given of how to set up a light microscope, whether it be a brightfield light microscope on the laboratory bench, a widefield fluorescence microscope, or a confocal microscope. These explanations are accompanied by operational protocols. A full explanation on how to set up and adjust a microscope according to the principles of Köhler illumination is given. The importance of Nyquist sampling is discussed. Guidelines are given on how to choose the best microscope to image the particular sample or slide preparation that you are working with. These are the basic principles of microscopy that a researcher must have an understanding of when operating core bioimaging facility instruments, in order to collect high‐quality images. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.


OBJECTIVE
To examine the effect of particulate matter (PM) less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) and ozone (O3) on daily mortality in Shanghai, China.

METHODS
A generalized additive model with penalized spline function was used to observe the acute effect of PM10 and O3 on daily mortality.

RESULTS
Higher PM10 significantly increased the effect of O3 on total mortality, and O3 also increased the effect of PM10 although the estimated increment was statistically insignificant.

CONCLUSION
Our findings provide further evidence for the effect of PM10 and O3 on daily mortality.


One of the critical issues in spintronics‐based technologies is to increase the data storage density. Current strategy is based on shrinking the devices size down to tens of nanometers, or several nanometers, which is reaching its limit. A new proposal is to use multi‐level cells (MLCs) to store more than two bits in each cell. In this work, the multi‐level switching is realized in CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB based nano‐scale single perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (p‐MTJs) with three or four stable resistance states. A large range of writing currents for each state is obtained, accompanying with a good repeatability of set‐reset operations between different states. The developed multi‐domain model perfectly matches the experimental results, reflecting the magnetic behaviors during multi‐level switching. Furthermore, current‐driven domain wall (DW) motion is revealed in the circular p‐MTJs, where the DW position can be reversibly manipulated by applied current. To design high‐performance multi‐level p‐MTJs, the parameter diagrams are calculated, suggesting various feasible strategies to improve the multi‐level switching through materials optimization and devices geometry. In summary, the demonstration of multi‐level switching in single p‐MTJ shows the high potential of realizing the new generation of p‐MTJ‐based multi‐level spintronic devices, such as multi‐level memories and spin‐neuron devices.


Superconducting wires (SWs) were previously prepared in our group by heat treatment of bismuth-based superconductor coatings on a metal core. This paper presents an analysis of the corrosion process by some atmospheric agents on the SWs. SWs with different concentrations of a (Bi, Pb)-2223 phase have been exposed to water vapour saturated air, to pure water vapour or to dry carbon dioxide. Each of these atmospheric agents was found to act differently on the SWs. However, all the studied corrosion processes present a high sensitivity to the concentration of the (Bi, Pb)-2223 phase. For a higher concentration of this phase, the SWs are less sensitive to atmospheric agents.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on picture naming in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD).

DESIGN
Experimental study. Patients with AD underwent rTMS in real and control conditions during picture-naming tasks.

SETTING
San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli Scientific Institute in Brescia, Italy. Patients Fifteen patients with probable AD. Intervention High-frequency rTMS was applied to the left and right DLPFC during object and action naming.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Language ability was assessed by accuracy of verbal response during online rTMS.

RESULTS
Stimulation to the left and right DLPFC improved accuracy in action naming.

CONCLUSIONS
These findings indicate that rTMS to the DLPFC, which speeds up action naming in normal controls, improves performance in patients with AD. While the mechanisms of rTMS-induced naming facilitation in these patients are unknown, the procedure may be worth testing as a novel approach to the treatment of language dysfunction.


Introduction Cerebral stroke is the interruption of blood flow to the brain and can be classified into hemorrhagic and ischemic. It may result in serious body balance and cognition complications. Kinesiotherapy is a privileged means of rehabilitation.Objective Verify the effects of Square Stepping Exercise (SSE) on cognitive functions, depressive symptoms and the body balance of cerebral stroke sequel patients.Methods Thirteen brain stroke sequel patients were divided into two groups: SSE (SSEG n = 8) and conventional physiotherapy group (PG, n = 5). The SSEG participated only of the SSE training protocol, while the PG participated of its physical therapy routine group, both for 4 months. They were evaluated using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BBRC), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS),Berg Balance Scale(BBS) and Timed Up and Go(TUG).Results The U Mann Whitney test showed no significant differences between groups. In intragroup analysis, the Wilcoxon test showed significant improvement in global cognitive status for PG (p < 0.042), and for SSEG there were positive results for verbal fluency (p < 0.04) and in TUG for number of steps (p < 0.04) and the time (p < 0.02).Conclusion The SSE seems to benefit dynamic balance, influencing gait agility, cognition related to verbal fluency and may have contributed to maintain other cognitive functions.


Objective To obtain reference values of aortic valve area (AVA) in a large population and to infer the risk of overestimating aortic stenosis (AS) when focusing on flow-corrected indices of severity. Methods We prospectively measured indices of AS in all consecutive echocardiograms performed in a large referral cardiac imaging laboratory for 1 year. We specifically analysed the distribution of AVA, indexed AVA and velocity ratio (Vratio) in patients with and without AS, the latter defined as the coexistence of valvular outflow obstruction (Vmax ≥2.5 m/s) and morphological findings of valve degeneration. Results 16 156 echocardiograms were analysed, 14 669 of which did not show valvular obstruction (peak jet velocity <2.5 m/s). In the latter group, AVA was 2.6±0.7 cm2 in 8190 studies with normal valves and 2.3±0.7 cm2 in 6479 studies with aortic sclerosis (AScl). There was a relatively wide overlap between values of AVA, indexed AVA and velocity ratio between studies of patients with AScl and AS. Values of AVA ≤1.0 cm2 were found in 0.5% of studies with normal valves and 1.8% of studies with AScl. These proportions were 3.1% and 9.3% for AVA ≤1.5 cm2, respectively. Vratio ≤0.25 were found in 0.1% of patients without obstruction. Risk factors for a small AVA in patients without obstruction were AScl, female sex, small body surface area, low ejection fraction and mitral regurgitation. Conclusions Normal values of continuity-equation derived AVA are smaller than previously considered. AVA values below cutoffs of moderate or severe AS can be found in patients without the disease. Flow-corrected indices may overestimate AS in patients with low gradients, particularly in the presence of well-identified risk factors.


Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated associations between delusions in psychotic disorders and abnormalities of brain areas involved in social cognition, including medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), posterior cingulate cortex, and lateral temporal cortex (LTC). General population studies have linked subclinical delusional thinking to impaired social cognition, raising the question of whether a specific pattern of brain activity during social perception is associated with delusional beliefs. Here, we tested the hypothesis that subclinical delusional thinking is associated with changes in neural function, while subjects made judgments about themselves or others ['social reflection' (SR)]. Neural responses during SR and non-social tasks, as well as resting-state activity, were measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging in 22 healthy subjects. Delusional thinking was measured using the Peters et al. Delusions Inventory. Delusional thinking was negatively correlated with responses of the left LTC during SR (r = -0.61, P = 0.02, Bonferroni corrected), and connectivity between the left LTC and left ventral MPFC, and was positively correlated with connectivity between the left LTC and the right middle frontal and inferior temporal cortices. Thus, delusional thinking in the general population may be associated with reduced activity and aberrant functional connectivity of cortical areas involved in SR.


Task-adaptive pre-training (TAPT) and Self-training (ST) have emerged as the major semi-supervised approaches to improve natural language understanding (NLU) tasks with massive amount of unlabeled data. However, it's unclear whether they learn similar representations or they can be effectively combined. In this paper, we show that TAPT and ST can be complementary with simple TFS protocol by following TAPT ->Finetuning ->Self-training (TFS) process. Experimental results show that TFS protocol can effectively utilize unlabeled data to achieve strong combined gains consistently across six datasets covering sentiment classification, paraphrase identification, natural language inference, named entity recognition and dialogue slot classification. We investigate various semi-supervised settings and consistently show that gains from TAPT and ST can be strongly additive by following TFS procedure. We hope that TFS could serve as an important semi-supervised baseline for future NLP studies.


Background: Pharmacy practice research is one avenue through which new pharmacy services can be integrated into daily pharmacy practice. However, pharmacists' participation in this research has not been well characterized. Drawing from the literature on work performance and personality traits, 4 hypotheses were developed to gain insight into pharmacists' performance in a pharmacy practice research trial. Methods: This study was an observational, cross-sectional survey of pharmacists participating in a research trial. All pharmacists were asked to complete the Big Five Inventory (BFI), a validated, reliable instrument of personality traits. These results were then compared with measures of pharmacists' performance in the trial. Results: Thirty pharmacists expressed interest in participating in the trial; 23 completed the BFI and 14 actively participated in the pharmacy practice research trial. No statistically significant differences were identified in the examination of the predetermined hypotheses. Exploratory analyses revealed significant relationships between the BFI trait of extroversion and pharmacists' participation in the study, obtaining prescribing authority for the study and the number of patients lost to follow-up. Discussion: In addition to identifying a number of personality traits that have been shared by other samples of pharmacists, this work suggests the possibility of an interaction between pharmacists' personality traits and their performance in a pharmacy practice research trial. Conclusion: Future research should better characterize the relationship between pharmacists' personality traits and participation in pharmacy practice research trials to gain insight into the context of pharmacy practice and how pharmacists are integrating this research into their practices.


Due to their exceptional properties, graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) nanofillers are emerging as potential candidates for reinforcing the polymer‐based nanocomposites. Graphene and h‐BN have comparable mechanical and thermal properties, whereas due to high band gap in h‐BN (~5 eV), have contrasting electrical conductivities. Atomistic modeling techniques are viable alternatives to the costly and time‐consuming experimental techniques, and are accurate enough to predict the mechanical properties, fracture toughness, and thermal conductivities of graphene and h‐BN‐based nanocomposites. Success of any atomistic model entirely depends on the type of interatomic potential used in simulations. This review article encompasses different types of interatomic potentials that can be used for the modeling of graphene, h‐BN, and corresponding nanocomposites, and further elaborates on developments and challenges associated with the classical mechanics‐based approach along with synergic effects of these nano reinforcements on host polymer matrix.


Background: The objective was to evaluate the morphology of enamel and dentin irradiated with Er:YAG (2.94 μm) and CO2 (9.6 μm) lasers. Methods: Six groups were evaluated: G1 – CO2 irradiated enamel (3 W); G2 – CO2 irradiated dentin (3 W); G3 – CO2 irradiated enamel (7 W); G4 – CO2 irradiated dentin (7 W); G5 – Er:YAG irradiated enamel (0.16 W); G6 – Er:YAG irradiated dentin (0.16 W). Results: The morphological pattern of Er:YAG laser irradiated enamel and dentin has a rough aspect with a clear exposition of the prisms and dentinal tubules. The melted surfaces covering the CO2 laser irradiated enamel and dentin, occlude the dentinal tubules and the enamel prisms. Conclusion: The rough pattern after Er:YAG laser irradiation, which originates from the micro-explosion of water, does not occlude the dentinal tubules, whereas the surface morphology after CO2 laser irradiation, which originated from the temperature rise above hydroxyapatite melting point, shows dentinal tubules occlusion and tissue melting. Clinical implications: These changes influence the tissue properties such as increase of the enamel acid resistance or decrease the bond strength between the tissue and composite resin.


The theoretical possibilities and the practical limitations of the Xenon-133 (133Xe) method for the study of regional myocardial perfusion in man are discussed. The techniques for data acqusition and processing developed over the past 5 years are described in detail. Illustrative examples of experimental findings are reported. The practical interpretation of the data, at the light of the influence of injection site, initial tracer distribution, constancy of counting geometry, spatial resolution, and Xenon retention in fat, is presented.


Abstract Sexual minority women (SMW; e.g., lesbian, bisexual) experience depression and alcohol use disorder at approximately twice the rates of heterosexual women. Though discrimination is a common explanation for these disparities, little is known about the mechanisms through which discrimination contributes to these disparities. Past research has found that the strategies that individuals use to regulate their emotions in response to discrimination may influence their depression symptoms and alcohol use symptoms. The current study proposes and validates a model to test whether alcohol use, suppression of emotion expression, and social support explain the relationships between discrimination and depression/alcohol use symptoms of cisgender SMW. A national sample of 1,782 cisgender SMW completed an online survey in 2017 through The PRIDE Study. Structural equation modeling was used to test model hypotheses. Discrimination was associated with lower levels of social support, but discrimination was not associated with higher levels of alcohol use or suppression. Social support, alcohol use, suppression, and discrimination were all significantly associated with depression symptoms. This study makes an important contribution to the literature by evaluating mechanisms that may potentially drive depression and alcohol use symptoms among cisgender SMW, focusing on mechanisms that can be intervened upon using existing evidence-based practices.


The aim of the present work is to evaluate the effect of a teacher training program implemented by the Peruvian Ministry of Education called "Acompanamiento Pedagogico" (Pedagogical Accompaniment) on students performance. Using non-experimental impact evaluation techniques, measurements are made exploiting the test results of the Census of Student Assessment of 2013. The results provide evidence of positive and statistically significant impacts. However, the size of these impacts is relatively moderate. Several hypotheses could explain the effect size. These are discussed at the end of the document..


The patient, a 26-year old woman diagnosed with HLA-B27-associated ankylosing spondylitis (AS) currently not on therapy complained of new-onset mid-back pain. The pain was particularly noticeable during inspiration and yawning. Point tenderness at two costo-vertebral joints (CVJ) on both sides of the spine was noted. Electrocardiogram and chest X-ray were unremarkable. Laboratory studies showed elevated inflammatory markers. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the spine and sacroiliac joints (SIJ) revealed left-sided sacroiliitis.


In this paper, we provide insight into the PBL project called PoLiMINT (Problem-oriented Learning in MINT). The project is located at the Bremen University of Applied Sciences and aims to introduce and foster PBL in the introductory phase of a physics study program. Concerning our general conditions, we will present our incremental implementation strategy and address the first elementary steps. In order to demonstrate our Scholarship of Teaching and Learning mode of reflecting the implementation process, we examine selected instructional and pedagogical difficulties and our problem-solving more closely.


TCP suffers from low performance over asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks. This is mainly because during phases of congestion, ATM drops cells without taking into account the effect this has on the upper layer protocols. Two main algorithms, called PPD and EPD, were proposed in the past for improving TCP performance. However they address one aspect of the problem, that has only small effect on the final performance. In this paper we propose an enhanced method for packet discard, called balanced packet discard (BPD), that improves TCP performance dramatically on congested networks and guarantees fairness among multiple connections. We show that BPD increases TCP throughput by more than 25% compared to EPD/PPD.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of sodium bicarbonated Ringer's solution (BRS) on lactate metabolism, acid-base balance, and clinical outcomes in elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery.

METHODS
A total of 60 elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery were enrolled in this prospective, randomized controlled study. The participants were randomly assigned to the BRS group (n = 30) or sodium lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) group (n = 30) where they received goal-directed fluid therapy with BRS or LRS, respectively. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative hyperlactatemia, whereas the secondary outcomes included pH, bicarbonate, base excess (BE), liver function, and postoperative complications within 30 days. Linear regression was conducted to screen the factors affecting lactate concentration.

RESULTS
After fluid therapy, the probability of hyperlactatemia was lower in the BRS group than in the LRS group (3.3% vs. 40.0%, P < 0.001). No significant difference in bicarbonate, pH, and BE was observed between the groups (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the incidence of major complications and the length of hospital stay were not significantly different (P > 0.05). However, the BRS group had a lower risk of minor complications than the LRS group (50.0% vs. 76.7%, P = 0.032), particularly in terms of impaired liver function (16.7% vs. 43.3%, P = 0.024). Diabetes, hypotension, and volume of LRS infused were highly correlated with lactate concentration.

CONCLUSION
BRS is more beneficial to the reduction of the incidence of postoperative hyperlactatemia and the risk of minor postoperative complications in elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. Therefore, BRS may be a better option for perioperative fluid therapy in elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery.


Development projects in the oil industry often have cost overruns. Through analysis of data from Norwegian development projects in the petroleum industry, this paper investigates the common effect of business cycle developments on cost overruns. Lack of capacity and expertise in a tight supplier market yield cost inflation and difficulties in managing projects. Unlike previous analyses of cost overruns, we analyse projects over a long time period to capture the cyclical effects. We document a statistically significant positive relationship between oil price developments and cost overruns, with shocks or surprises to the oil price during the project implementation having a larger impact on cost overruns than the oil price level itself. Cost overrun ultimately leads to reduced competitiveness for the industry, and we discuss consequences and policy implications for business and society of these cost overruns.


The highest part of the Antarctic Plateau (Dome A) holds the promise of providing a superlative site for near-infrared (IR) astronomy and, in particular, for observations in the 2.27 - 2.45 ∝m waveband. This is a result of the intense cold, which reduces the thermal background by 6 magnitudes compared to a mid-latitude site, the absence of OH airglow emission between these wavelengths and the minimum in the zodiacal emission which occurs in the near-IR. The prospects exist for the darkest site for astronomy at any wavelength, anywhere in the inner solar system. Some possible scientific projects to exploit this potential, particularly deep cosmological surveys, are outlined.


Functional MRI (fMRI) studies have shown increased activation of ipsilateral motor areas during hand movement in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). We hypothesized that these changes could be due to disruption of transcallosal inhibitory pathways. We studied 18 patients with relapsing‐remitting MS. Conventional T1‐ and T2‐weighted images were acquired and lesion load (LL) measured. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed to estimate fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in the body of the corpus callosum (CC). fMRI was obtained during a right‐hand motor task. Patients were studied to evaluate transcallosal inhibition (TCI, latency and duration) and central conduction time (CCT). Eighteen normal subjects were studied with the same techniques. Patients showed increased MD (P < 0.0005) and reduced FA (P < 0.0005) in the body of the CC. Mean latency and duration of TCI were altered in 12 patients and absent in the others. Between‐group analysis showed greater activation in patients in bilateral premotor, primary motor (M1), and middle cingulate cortices and in the ipsilateral supplementary motor area, insula, and thalamus. A multivariate analysis between activation patterns, structural MRI, and neurophysiological findings demonstrated positive correlations between T1‐LL, MD in the body of CC, and activation of the ipsilateral motor cortex (iM1) in patients. Duration of TCI was negatively correlated with activation in the iM1. Our data suggest that functional changes in iM1 in patients with MS during a motor task partially represents a consequence of loss of transcallosal inhibitory fibers. Hum Brain Mapp, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) has been shown to produce reproductive effects in man and animals. The risks associated with hexachlorobenzene exposure have been determined for a litter using data from a feeding study by Kitchin et al. (1982). The total amount and the concentration of HCB in the litter has been estimated from a pharmacokinetic model. This estimate is consistent with the works of Kitchin et al. (1982), Courtney and Andrews (1985), and others which demonstrate that a large amount of HCB is transferred to the litter, and this quantity increases as a function of the number of lactating days. The transfer of large quantities of HCB caused a significant increase in the number of litters with greater than or equal to 10% mortality when total HCB in the litter was 29-57 mg, equivalent to a concentration of 220-310 micrograms/g. The pharmacokinetic model proved useful in estimating the total effective dose and concentration of HCB in the litter via the dam's experimental dose. The model was also able to calculate the equivalent human exposure, in order to compare it with actual HCB levels from human monitoring data.


Background Bile esculin azide with vancomycin (BEAV) medium is a sensitive, but slightly less specific method for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) screening. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a rapid method for identification of clinical pathogens. This study aimed to assess the performance of a novel combination screening test for VRE, using BEAV broth combined with MALDI-TOF MS. Materials and methods Clinical specimens were collected from patients at risk of VRE carriage, and tested by the novel combination method, using selective BEAV broth culture method followed by MALDI-TOF MS identification (SBEAVM). The reference method used for comparison was the ChromID VRE agar method. Results A total of 135 specimens were collected from 78 patients, and 63 specimens tested positive for VRE positive using the ChromID VRE method (positive rate 46.7%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of SBEAVM method after an incubation period of 28 hours were 93.7%, 90.3%, 89.4%, and 94.2%, respectively. The SBEAVM method when compared to the ChromID VRE method had a shorter turnaround time (29 vs. 48–72 hours) and lower laboratory cost ($2.11 vs. $3.23 per test). Conclusions This study demonstrates that SBEAVM is a rapid, inexpensive, and accurate method for use in VRE screening.


INTRODUCTION
Implementing patient education (PE) in a defined geographic area, based on a population-based approach, implies using community resources according to a logic of complementarity, in order to mitigate the risk of rupture in patient care.

METHODS
The PE Resource Centre for the Ile-de-France Region convened a multidisciplinary and multi-setting meeting attended by 45 participants in order to define the ways to improve the complementarity of all available PE resources, while taking into account the diversity of patients' needs. Three working groups successively explored three dimensions: structure, processes and outcomes, in order to assess this complementarity.

RESULTS
Each group worked on three aspects: PE resources; patient's health trajectory in a defined geographic area, and a multidisciplinary team approach.Participants identified various deficits: clustering and lack of visibility for PE resources, programme framing constraints and difficulties of access for patients. Nevertheless, they highlighted several positive elements emerging from their shared experience. They recommend: 1) sharing of the available resources by developing communication and multidisciplinary training and more flexible programme formats; 2) building links between stakeholders, by promoting local PE programmes, and by encouraging coordination and practice analysis; 3) using and articulating a diversity of evaluation approaches, while reinforcing the multidimensional nature of PE contributions, not only for patients but also for professionals and the healthcare system.

DISCUSSION
PE Resource Centres may facilitate implementation of these recommendations by supporting a collective and dynamic approach, contributing to a reduction of social inequalities in PE access.


Håleniusite-(Ce) (IMA2021-042), CeOF, is a new mineral discovered in ejectum from the Água de Pau volcano, Sãn Miguel Island, Azores District, Portugal. It occurs as opaque, cream-colored, fine-grained pseudomorphic replacements of hexagonal tablets of bastnäsite-(Ce). It is associated with astrophyllite and fluornatropyrochlore in a matrix composed mainly of albite, quartz, and aegirine. The mineral has a white streak and a calculated density of 5.890 g/cm3 for the empirical formula. The strongest powder diffraction lines are [dobsÅ(Iobs)(hkl)]: 3.247(100)(111), 2.840(31)(200), 2.004(46)(220), and 1.705(42)(311). Electron probe microanalysis provided the empirical formula (Ce0.41La0.21Sm0.15Nd0.04Eu0.03Ca0.02Y0.02Dy0.02Gd0.01)Σ0.91(O0.70F0.30)F1.00. Håleniusite-(Ce) has a fluorite-type structure, space group Fmm, with a = 5.6597(10) Å and V = 181.29(10) Å3 (Z = 4).


Volume 35, Number 2, 2000 Contents: L.H.Anderman, E.M. Anderman, Considering Contexts in Educational Psychology: Introduction to the Special Issue. J.C.Turner, D.K. Meyer, Studying and Understanding the Instructional Contexts of Classrooms: Using Our Past to Forget our Future. J.W. Stigler, R. Gallimore, J. Hiebert, Using Video Surveys to Compare Classrooms and Teaching Across Cultures: Examples and Lessons from the TIMSS Video Studies. A.M. Ryan, Peer Groups as a Context for the Socialization of Adolescents' Motivation, Engagement and Achievement in School. T.B. Murdock, Incorporating Economic Context into Educational Psychology: Methodological and Conceptual Challenges. V.E. Lee, Using Hierarchical Linear Modeling to Study Social Contexts: The Case of School Effects.


Entrepreneurs play a central role in generating and adopting both technological and non‐technological innovations. However, existing research provides little guidance on how entrepreneurs interpret their endeavours to generate and implement different types of innovation. This paper addresses this void by bringing metaphor analysis into the field of innovation. We argue that the role of figurative language is important in describing the complexity that characterizes the innovation process. Examining qualitative data from episodes of innovation narrated by a sample of Italian entrepreneurs, this paper provides insights into how each type of innovation (product, marketing, process, organizational and strategic) is described differently, through the use of metaphorical language. This research advances the literature by providing a conceptualization of the different metaphor themes entrepreneurs ascribe to each type of innovation, and discusses practical implications for how the metaphorical language can be analysed and interpreted so that the innovation process can be improved.


The Stackelberg prediction game (SPG) is popular in characterizing strategic interactions between a learner and an attacker. As an important special case, the SPG with least squares loss (SPG-LS) has recently received much research attention. Although initially formulated as a difficult bi-level optimization problem, SPG-LS admits tractable reformulations which can be polynomially globally solved by semidefinite programming or second order cone programming. However, all the available approaches are not well-suited for handling large-scale datasets, especially those with huge numbers of features. In this paper, we explore an alternative reformulation of the SPG-LS. By a novel nonlinear change of variables, we rewrite the SPG-LS as a spherically constrained least squares (SCLS) problem. Theoretically, we show that an $\epsilon$ optimal solution to the SCLS (and the SPG-LS) can be achieved in $\tilde{O}(N/\sqrt{\epsilon})$ floating-point operations, where $N$ is the number of nonzero entries in the data matrix. Practically, we apply two well-known methods for solving this new reformulation, i.e., the Krylov subspace method and the Riemannian trust region method. Both algorithms are factorization free so that they are suitable for solving large scale problems. Numerical results on both synthetic and real-world datasets indicate that the SPG-LS, equipped with the SCLS reformulation, can be solved orders of magnitude faster than the state of the art.


Analysis of remission induction rates for 1,768 children (1.5 to 11 years) and 425 adolescents (greater than or equal to 11 years) with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), and of event-free survival times for 570 children and 147 adolescents, disclosed that adolescents fared significantly worse by both measures of treatment outcome (P = .0001). Adolescents with either T cell or non-T cell ALL entered remission significantly less often than did children (P = less than .02 and P = less than .001, respectively). Within each of the major immunophenotypes of ALL, adolescents had shorter duration of continuous complete remission: early pre-B (non-B, non pre-B, non-T) (P = .001), pre-B (P = .05), and T (P = .027). We compared the clinical characteristics of adolescents and children, and lymphoblast characteristics present at diagnosis to account for the inferior prognosis of adolescent patients. Adolescents had a higher incidence of T cell ALL (P = .0001) and thus a higher incidence of all T cell-associated characteristics. Adolescents with non-T, non-B ALL were more likely to be male (P = .044), and to have higher leukocyte counts (P = .002) and lower levels of IgG (P = .0003), IgA (P = .0001), and IgM (P = .002). Their leukemic cells had lower PAS scores (P = .0001), a higher incidence rate of L2 morphology by French-American-British (FAB) criteria (P = .001), common ALL antigen negativity (P = .0001), and hypodiploid or pseudodiploid karyotypes (P = .004). These findings clearly indicate an increased incidence of prognostically unfavorable clinical and biologic features in adolescents with ALL, providing a biologic explanation for their poor prognosis.