OBJECTIVE
To assess camouflage effects by concealment of postorthodontic white-spot lesions (WSLs) to sound adjacent enamel (SAE) achieved over 12 months with resin infiltration (Icon, DMG, Hamburg, Germany).

METHODS
Twenty subjects (trial teeth nteeth = 111) who had received resin infiltration treatment of noncavitated postorthodontic WSLs were contacted for a 1-year follow-up assessment of CIE-L*a*b* colors (T12). Color and lightness (CIE-L*a*b*) data for WSLs and SAE were compared to baseline data assessed before infiltration (T0) and those assessed after 6 months (T6), using a spectrophotometer. The target parameter was the difference between the summarized color and lightness values (ΔEWSL/SAE). Intergroup (WSL, SAE) and intertime comparisons (T0 vs T6, T12) were performed using paired t-tests at a significance level of α = 5%.

RESULTS
Nine subjects (trial teeth nteeth = 49; male/female ratio 5/4; age range 13-19 years) were available at T12. After the highly significant reduction of ΔEWSL/SAE discrepancies between T0 and T6, analysis of 12-month records revealed color and lightness discrepancy of WSL vs SAE that was significantly decreased compared with baseline, indicating an assimilation of WSL color to SAE appearance after infiltration, while an additional reduction of discrepancies between T6 and T12 was not significant.

CONCLUSION
As color and lightness characteristics of the Icon infiltrant as well as the esthetic camouflage effects achieved by WSL infiltration were not altered significantly or clinically relevant after 12 months, the method of resin infiltration can be recommended for an enduring esthetic improvement of postorthodontic WSL.


South Africa continues to face unacceptably high rates of rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD), despite readily available and inexpensive preventive measures. However, in the past several years, key players in South Africa's healthcare and political realms in addition to key players from many African nations have come together to acknowledge the persistent health burden attributable to RF/RHD and have agreed to a pledge of action to reduce it. The plan of action is a comprehensive RF/RHD prevention and treatment programme known as ASAP. The ASAP programme targets efforts to raise Awareness, establish Surveillance systems, Advocate for increased resources for treatment, and to promote Prevention strategies. South Africa currently has a demonstration site where activities in all of these key areas are currently underway. Efforts in the area of surveillance include a RHD prevalence study that aims to screen 4 000 school-aged children through the use of a mobile echo-surveillance unit. In addition to local efforts, South Africa will join an international initiative to create a global RHD registry that will aid in all aspects of prevention and treatment to further reduce the burden of disease attributable to RF/RHD.


The scope of this volume is captured in the title, we have aimed to present a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in structural interpretation, validation and modelling techniques. The role and importance of structural geology in exploration and production of hydrocarbons is increasing with the tendency towards the development of smaller, more complex structural prospects and satellite fields. Despite advances in seismic acquisition and processing which facilitate the visualization of sub-surface structural form, there is still a need to understand often complex kinematics and to refine trap definition. In the last few years, the availability of high powered computer hardware and sophisticated software has facilitated a quantum leap in the accessibility of structural restoration, modelling and visualisation techniques and made the rapid and accurate manipulation of large data sets possible. Many papers in this volume fully reflect use of this latest technology and demonstrate a broad range of capabilities. In areas where seismic is unobtainable, structural imaging is one of the few remaining tools available to the earth scientist. Companies operating in such areas are reliant on the development of techniques in making accurate predictions about the sub-surface. The intention of this book is to provide anyone wishing to undertake structural interpretation in complex areas with a comprehensive review of the latest techniques available. Each of the techniques has limitations and makes assumptions, which should always be considered and accounted for. It should also be stated, that the advent of new models and technology to manipulate them, is not to be considered


Anti-corruption claims have been at the core of many mass mobilizations worldwide. However, the nexus between corruption and collective action is often overlooked. Bridging social movement and corruption studies, this article contends that believing in extensive corruption has a positive impact on non-electoral forms of participation. But this effect is uneven across the population and contingent upon the individual's political interest and education. Using survey data from 34 countries, the analysis confirms that people prefer non-electoral mobilization when institutions are seemingly captured by vested interests. Moreover, perceiving endemic corruption is likely to breed indignation among lesser-educated and less politically interested citizens, who are keener to embrace anti-elitist arguments and ultimately engage in extra-institutional behaviour. These findings help refine theories of societal accountability, which generally assume that politically sophisticated citizens are the driving force in the fight against corruption.


We present recent measurements by the CDF and D{O} Collaborations at the Tevatron Collider on the masses and lifetimes of B hadrons. The results are compared to predictions based on Heavy Quark Effective Theory, lattice gauge theory, and quark models.


We describe the University of Sheffield Conifer Model (USCM), a process‐based approach for simulating conifer forest carbon, nitrogen, and water fluxes by up‐scaling widely applicable relationships between leaf lifespan and function. The USCM is designed to predict and analyze the biogeochemistry and biophysics of conifer forests that dominated the ice‐free high‐latitude regions under the high pCO2 "greenhouse" world 290–50 Myr ago. It will be of use in future research investigating controls on the contrasting distribution of ancient evergreen and deciduous forests between hemispheres, and their differential feedbacks on polar climate through the exchange of energy and materials with the atmosphere. Emphasis is placed on leaf lifespan because this trait can be determined from the anatomical characteristics of fossil conifer woods and influences a range of ecosystem processes. Extensive testing of simulated net primary production and partitioning, leaf area index, evapotranspiration, nitrogen uptake, and land surface energy partitioning showed close agreement with observations from sites across a wide climatic gradient. This indicates the generic utility of our model, and adequate representation of the key processes involved in forest function using only information on leaf lifespan, climate, and soils.


Abstract. Recently the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) has obtained images, which cover landing sites from previous missions to the Moon in unprecedented high resolution (up to 0.3 m/pixel). These new data allow us to carry out a precision mapping of the Lunokhod landing sites, combining orbital high resolution images with surface panoramas taken by the rovers during their missions. Unfortunately, a lot of supplementary information about the missions, the rovers and their instrumentation is lost, which includes timing information and exterior orientation parameters. So, we have developed new methods and techniques of Lunokhod panorama processing by means of modern photogrammetric software supported by LRO data


Background: Stress is a prevalent health problem in modern society. If experienced for long periods of time it can lead to immune dysfunctions. Thus, public health management practices must include the assessment of stress. In health management settings, electrocardiography (ECG) is routinely used to assess cardiovascular health and make inferences about stress using information from heart rate variability (HRV). However, it is unclear whether stress assessment based on HRV can also be used to index immune function. Objectives: To compare stress that was determined by a measure of HRV (pNN50) from ECG with immune function indices (neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte percentages) obtained from blood samples. Methods: A total of 184 healthy adults participated in the study, which took place in an examination room at the Health Management Center of The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, China. Participants viewed a relaxing video while having a 2-min ECG recorded. They were then taken to have their blood drawn as part of their physical examination. Measures of stress (pNN50) were extracted from ECG, while measures of immune function (percentages of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes) were extracted from blood samples. Results: Stress correlated positively with neutrophil percentages (r = 0.21) and negatively with monocyte (r = –0.16) and lymphocyte percentages (r = –0.18). Conclusions: These findings show HRV analysis to be a potentially viable noninvasive and inexpensive method not only for indexing stress, but also predicting immune function, thus managing the health risks associated with stress.


Polypropylene/exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets composites reinforced with a low concentration of nano-magnesia have been successfully fabricated, using injection molding machine. The mechanical properties and microstructure of the composites were investigated, in the present study. The XRD patterns of the composites showed the peaks of xGnP and n-MgO, where the intensity of the xGnP peaks became stronger with increasing the concentration of xGnP added into polypropylene matrix. In addition, the SEM micrographs revealed a good dispersion of fillers within the matrix. The results showed that increasing the amount of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets up to 10 wt. % resulted in increasing the composite flexural strength, flexural modulus, and hardness up to 35% and 91%, 6.7%, respectively, compared to the monolithic polypropylene.


e present revisional work is based on very large collections made by the rst and second authors during the course of studies. Most specimens of sarcophagid esh ies were made by the authors during the eld surveys programmed by the Sarawak Museum Department, Kuching, Malaysia from 2005 to 2019. A total of 24 genera and 59 species is recorded. Two new genera, Omarisca gen. nov. and Zulisca gen. nov. are established for two peculiar species found in mangroves. Also eight new species are described: Myorhina miyagii sp. nov., M. tomae sp. nov., Burmanomyia barioensis sp. nov., B. pseudoborneensis sp. nov., Sarcorohdendor a kerohi sp. nov., S. okazawai sp. nov., Hosarcophaga palustris sp. nov., and H. puteri sp. nov. e following seven species are newly recorded from Malaysia: Senotainia albifrons (Rondani, 1859), Burmanomyia aureomarginata (Shinonaga & Tumrasvin, 1979), Hosarcophaga auricauda (Ho, 1938), H. serrata (Ho, 1938), Parasarcophaga idmais (Séguy, 1934), P. montiblensis (Sugiyama, 1990) and P. walshi (Ho, 1938), Revised identi cation keys to the Malaysian species are provided.


The investigation (see parts I to III) of the spontaneous ignition of gaseous diethyl peroxide as a thermal explosion is concluded by a series of experiments mainly in a cylindrical vessel, and including diluted mixtures. A very fine thermocouple (25 µm diameter) has been used to probe the temperature distributions between the axis and the wall both in systems reacting subcritically and in systems on the verge of ignition. A multijunction thermocouple has also been employed to obtain instantaneous readings of distributed temperature in a spherical vessel. It is found that self heating is always present. In accordance with a conductive theory of heat losses, temperatures are not uniform throughout the reactant, but depend on the fractional distance (z = r/r0) from the vessel axis, being greatest at the axis and least at the walls. For the cylinder, the form of the profiles expected in a stationary state is (T - Ta)/(RTa2/E) = 2 ln (1 + G)/(1 + Gz2) and good agreement is found between theory and experiment. (The significance of G is discussed in the text.) This agreement, the symmetry of the profiles, and the absence of any temperature step at the walls confirm the absence of convection at the pressures concerned. A critical centre temperature rise exists above which ignition is inevitable. The greatest value of this increment is 23.3 K ; for simple theory, the predicted value is 19 K (1.39RTa2/E). Any temperature dependence of this critical increment lies beyond the discrimination of the present apparatus. Similar agreement is found between 'measured' and theoretically expected values for Frank-Kamenetskii's δ. At criticality, the measured values average 2.25 against a theoretical value (uncorrected for finite vessel size or finite reaction rate) of 2 exactly. 'Measured' values for δ in subcritical systems are also in satisfactory accord with expectation. Other 'indirect' tests of thermal theory are also satisfied. Thus the curvature of the critical pressure limit (boundary on the p — T diagram between explosive and slow reaction) exactly corresponds to the activation energy measured in isothermal decomposition. Similar temperature-position profiles are found in diluted mixtures below criticality, and although critical explosion pressures depend on the degree of dilution, the critical temperature rise for ignition does not. The average value found is 19.0 K. Nor does the critical temperature gradient at the vessel boundary vary from the value ( — 2 exactly) predicted for any dilution of vessel geometry. There are the same influences on criticality as in the spherical vessel: in accord with stationary state conductive theory, thermal conductivity is the principal factor but its influence is distorted to varying degrees, first by the occurrence of dynamic heating accompanying gas entry, secondly by the rate of dissipation of this heating, which is governed by the thermal diffusivity, and thirdly by the departures from stationary state behaviour largely governed by the specific heat of the diluent. These influences explain an otherwise erratic dependence of critical ignition pressures on thermal conductivity.


The present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiarrheal and analgesic activities of methanol extract of Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel buds growing in Bangladesh. The total phenolic content of methanol extract of D. malabarica and its Kupchan fractions was determined and expressed in gallic acid equivalent (GAE). In the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, the aqueous soluble fraction of the methanol extract of D. malabarica revealed maximum free radical scavenging activity having IC50 value of 6.17 μg/ml. In antimicrobial assay, all the test samples displayed prominent antimicrobial activity against the test organisms under in vitro conditions. Among these, the carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction was found to exhibit the highest activity against Bacillus cereus, Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Paratyphi, and Candida albicans with the zone of inhibition as 32, 30, 28 and 30 mm, respectively. In evaluation of antidiarrheal activity, the D. malabarica extracts showed significant anti-diarrheal potential in a dose dependent manner. During the evaluation of analgesic activity by radiant heat tail-flick method, the plant extract at 400 mg/kg b.w. exhibited highest elongation (373.04%) as compared to morphine (472.48%). On the other hand, in acetic acid-induced writhing test, the extract at 200- and 400-mg/kg b.w. showed 61.11 and 66.67% inhibition of writhing in mice model, respectively as compared to 68.06% inhibition produced by the standard diclofenac-Na. The findings of this study justify some of the traditional uses of D. malabarica and reveal the bioactivity of the plants. Further studies are required to isolate and identify the bioactive compounds.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 22(1): 27-33, 2019


Design thinking features in post-modern educational literature (Doll 1979, 1986, 1993; Kress 1996; Cope, & Kalantzis 2003) as a construct that purportedly enables educators to prepare students to deal with complexity and "super-complexity" (Barnett 1996; 2000; 2003; 2006) when they enter their professions. Although not explicitly stated, post-modern educational literature tends to stress the importance of systems thinking, critical problem solving, cognitive flexibility, abductive and connective reasoning as competences that prepare professionals to also perform optimally within a post-modern cultural situation and in age of information and super-complexity. In 2010 the University of Johannesburg embarked on the implementation of what it terms its "Learning to Be Philosophy" (Gravett, Amory & van der Westhuizen 2008) and institution-wide initiative that attempts to position the University strategically within the higher education landscape of South Africa. I contend that it is a philosophy that stresses "operational performativity" (Barnett 2000:40) in producing a new kind of graduate; one that has the capacity to engage professionally with a world of supercomplexity through "being". This institutional philosophy, a blend of constructivist and phenomenological theory, argues that learning is authentic or deep when a student embodies knowledge by producing it in complex learning situations. Learning is understood, within the philosophy, beyond the scope of the transmission, consumption, processing of information but in terms of the application of conventional professional wisdom. It suggests that graduates, as professionals, need to be able to be durably adaptable and value learning as a lifelong enterprise (Barnett 2006: 59). My paper critiques the Learning To Be Philosophy in terms of Barnett"s (2000: 127 -139) notions of the new university in the age of uncertainty. Drawing on the work of Donald Schon (1990), I argue first, that designerly thinking (Nigel Cross 2008, 2011) is a form of artistry that should play a crucial role in not simply preparing students to perform supercomplexity in their professions but to develop their capacity to show insight into apprehending and producing supercomplexity. I argue that despite the importance of artistry to higher education, it cannot be taught because it is not strictly speaking a "competence" but a set of dispositions. My central hypothesis is that design thinking and artistry can, however, be learnt, as an interrelated set of appreciative dispositions that show understanding into the condition of supercomplexity. I argue implicitly that a situational, transformative, durational and dialogical pedagogy is required in order to realise artistry as a graduate attribute. A pedagogy of this kind would demand a radical revision of the traditional functions of the university educator.


Eight stratigraphic sections of Permian and Triassic rocks have been studied over a 30 km by 150 km area in the Endicott and Philip Smith Mountains of the central Brooks Range. Six of the sections are located on the Endicott Mountains allochthon, and the remaining two are parautochthonous columns in the Mount Doonerak area. The sections record a facies transition between the autochthonous Sadlerochit Group and Shublik Formation of the northeastern Brooks Range and the characteristically siliceous rocks of the allochthonous Siksikpuk and Otuk formations of the western Brooks Range. Laterally continuous and bioturbated beds of fine-grained sandstone, siltstone, and shale dominantly compose the Permian sequence, whereas the Triassic rocks consist of black shales, thin rhythmically bedded siliceous mudstones, and fossiliferous limestones. When the allochthonous sections are restored to a position south of the Mount Doonerak area, a general shallowing trend from southwest to northeast becomes evident within the reconstructed marine basin. To the south and west, the Permian sediments show a marked increase in silica content, with the occurrence of barite and a corresponding decrease in the thickness of the basal, coarser grained clastics. The Triassic formations also document an increase in silica and the presence of barite to the south and west, while becoming signi icantly sooty and phosphatic to the north and east. Ongoing petrographic and micropaleontologic studies of the field data will clarify these general paleogeographic relationships. End_of_Article - Last_Page 655------------


Background: BYL719 selectively inhibits the α-isoform of Class I PI3K. PI3Kα is encoded by PIK3CA, a frequently altered gene in human cancers. Preclinical data indicate BYL719 may be more effective in patients (pts) with PIK3CA-altered tumors; however there are data to suggest that PIK3CA-wild-type (wt) tumors may also be sensitive to BYL719. Here, we present updated data from the Phase I study of BYL719 + fulvestrant in pts with PIK3CA-altered or -wt ER+/HER2– locally advanced/metastatic breast cancer (BC) (NCT01219699). Methods: Adult women with PIK3CA-altered (mutation or amplification) ER+/HER2– BC received continuous oral BYL719 (300–400 mg/day; 28-day cycles) + fixed-dose fulvestrant (500 mg every 4 weeks, plus an additional dose 2 weeks after first dose) during dose escalation and expansion. Pts with PIK3CA-wt ER+/HER2– BC were enrolled into the dose expansion to receive BYL719 400 mg/day + fulvestrant. A Bayesian logistic regression model with overdose control guided dose escalation. Primary objective: to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and/or recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of BYL719 in combination with fulvestrant, which was declared previously as 400 mg/day. An expansion cohort at the MTD assessed safety (CTCAE v4.0), tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and preliminary efficacy (RECIST v1.0). Results: As of May 2, 2014, 64 pts (PIK3CA-altered n=41; PIK3CA-wt n=16; PIK3CA status unknown/pending n=7) received BYL719 300–400 mg/day + fulvestrant. Median number of prior antineoplastic therapies: 5 (range: 1–12) for pts with PIK3CA-altered tumors and 5 (range: 4–16) for pts with PIK3CA-wt tumors. Prior fulvestrant treatment: 19 (46%) and 7 (44%) pts with PIK3CA-altered and -wt tumors, respectively. Overall, the most common (≥25%) adverse events (AEs; all grades/all doses) suspected to be study drug-related were hyperglycemia (41%), diarrhea (34%), nausea (30%), and vomiting (25%). The most common (>10%) study drug-related Grade 3/4 AEs (all doses) were maculopapular rash (14%) and hyperglycemia (13%). Preliminary antitumor activity was observed in this trial. At data cut-off, partial responses (PRs) were observed in 2 patients with PIK3CA-altered tumors evaluable for response (2/33, 6%), but no PRs were observed in the 15 evaluable patients with PIK3CA-wt tumors. Duration of exposure was >16 weeks in 24 (59%) patients with PIK3CA-altered tumors and in 5 (31%) patients with PIK3CA-wt tumors. PK and exposure of BYL719 + fulvestrant was similar to that observed with single-agent BYL719 at the same dose levels. At data cut-off, treatment was ongoing in 20 (49%) and 2 (13%) pts with PIK3CA-altered and -wt tumors, respectively. Conclusions: BYL719 + fulvestrant demonstrated a favorable safety profile in pts with PIK3CA-altered and -wt ER+/HER2– BC, with mostly on-target effects (i.e. hyperglycemia, rash). Preliminary clinical activity was seen in pts with PIK3CA-altered and -wt tumors, but confirmed PRs were only observed in pts with PIK3CA-altered tumors. The low number of pts with PIK3CA-wt tumors limits further conclusion. Citation Format: Filip Janku, Dejan Juric, Javier Cortes, Hope Rugo, Howard A Burris, Martin Schuler, Barbara Deschler-Baier, Mark R Middleton, Marta Gil-Martin, Jordan Berlin, Eric Winer, Douglas Bootle, Lars Blumenstein, David Demanse, Christina Coughlin, Cornelia Quadt, Jose Baselga. Phase I study of the PI3Kα inhibitor BYL719 plus fulvestrant in patients with PIK3CA-altered and wild type ER+/HER2- locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PD5-5.


Wireless body area network (WBAN) is a breakthrough technology in healthcare areas such as hospital and telemedicine. The human body has a complex mixture of different tissues. It is expected that the nature of propagation of electromagnetic signals is distinct in each of these tissues. This forms the base for the WBAN, which is different from other environments. In this paper, the knowledge of Ultra Wide Band (UWB) channel is explored in the WBAN (IEEE 802.15.6) system. The measurements of parameters in frequency range from 3.1-10.6 GHz are taken. The proposed system, transmits data up to 480 Mbps by using LDPC coded APSK Modulated Differential Space-Time-Frequency Coded MB-OFDM to increase the throughput and power efficiency.


T he personality of Ares is of less value for the social and religious history of Greece than that of any of the divinities hitherto considered. It is probable indeed that he received worship or at least recognition from most of the states, but no part of the higher civilization was connected with his legend and cult. And it is only a few records concerning these that arouse interest, an interest that is mainly anthropological or ethnographic. Two leading questions arise in this study. Was Ares a genuine Hellenic divinity? And was he in origin as well as in the later stages of his career a war-god and nothing more? It is easier to deal with the evidence for the latter problem first. The earliest epic poetry of Greece, both the Homeric and Hesiodic, present him solely as the war-god, and convey no hint of a wider function or a more complex character. The short 'Homeric' Hymn, in which he is invoked as a great cosmic and planetary power of righteousness and a spiritual prayer is proffered to him for moral strength and peace, stands alone in Greek literature, and has been regarded as an Orphic figment. And Greek ritual, where it is expressive of divine character at all, agrees nowhere with this, but rather with the most narrow conception of him, which only broadens slightly in the later literature and on the most natural lines.


Predicting the composition and dynamics of communities is a challenging but useful task to efficiently support ecosystem management. Community ecology has developed a number of promising theories, including food webs, metabolic theory, ecological stoichiometry, and environmental filtering. Their joint implementation in a mechanistic modeling framework should help us to bring community ecology to a new level by improving its predictive abilities. One of the challenges lies in the proper consideration of model uncertainty. In this paper, we contribute to this challenging task by modeling the temporal dynamics of macroinvertebrate communities in a stream subjected to hydropeaking in Switzerland. To this end, we extended the mechanistic model Streambugs regarding flood-induced drift processes and the use of trait information to define performance filters. Model predictions without any calibration were in the right order of magnitude but did not reflect the dynamics of most of the invertebrate taxa well. Bayesian inference drastically improved the model fit. It revealed that a large share of total model output uncertainty can be attributed to observation errors, which exceeded model parameter uncertainty. Observed and simulated community-aggregated traits helped to identify and understand model deficits. The combination of different ecological theories and trait information in a single mechanistic modeling framework combined with Bayesian inference can thus help to predict responses of communities to environmental changes, which can support ecosystem management.


Swedish teacher education was reformed at a national level in 2001. This thesis takes as its point of departure one of the many sites where new teachers are educated in Sweden, the Teacher Training Programme at Goteborg University. The purpose of the thesis is to analyse how norms for new teachers are sustained within teacher training, and what teacher subjectivities emerge from them. The main theoretical influences are poststructuralist discourse theory and postcolonialism. Important concepts used in the thesis are power, normalisation, and decentered subjects. A discourse analytical approach is used to analyse the ethnographic material, interviews, policy and regulation documents, and media material forming the empirical base of the study. Field work was conducted for three semesters in the Teacher Training Programme between the years 2002-2005. The courses attended were all part of the common field of education (AUO), a novelty of the reformed education where student teachers aiming for different age groups, take courses together. Individual and group interviews were made with eleven student teachers. Some shorter interviews with teacher educators and organisers of courses were also conducted. Four different regulating norms about new teachers are interrogated in the thesis. These are norms about: the personal teacher, the flexible and independent teacher, the teacher as an individual, and finally the norm about the diverse teacher. The interrogation of these norms show that there exists a constant power struggle within the Teacher Training Programme. The norms are not hegemonic, but they nevertheless set a standard through which teacher subjectivities emerge. The main argument in the thesis is that the norms are formulated through a discourse of use-value, which demands of new teachers that they are personal, flexible, independent and diverse in a manner that coincides with the logic of use-value. As a consequence, important questions of power were rarely addressed, remaining norms of swedishness, heterosexuality, and middle-class values unchallenged. This meant that a privileged subject position was construed, suited for those new teachers who pass as Swedish, heterosexual and middle-class.


The targeted delivery of theranostic agents to the cancer cells is one of the major challenges and an active field of research in the development of cancer chemotherapeutic approaches. Theranostic metallic nanoparticles (TMNPs) have garnered increasing attention in recent years as a novel tool for theranostic application such as imaging, diagnosis, and therapeutic delivery of active agents to tumour specific cells. This paper attempts to unveil the multidimensional theranostic aspects of multifunctional metallic nanoparticles (MNPs)including passive and active targeting (HER2, Folate, Angiogenesis etc.) as well as the RES escaping approach. Special attention is given to the theranostic application of MNPs in oncology. Patents issued by the US office in this nanotechnological arena are also included emphasising the importance of MNPs in current cancer treatment/imaging research scenario. Keeping in mind the blooming research in clinical application directed nanotechnology; toxicity concerns related with MNPs are. also discussed, in element.


This research aims to examine and analyze the influence of organizational commitment, competence and governance to employee performance and quality asset management at the regional Work Units (SKPD) of The Makassar city government. This research is an explanatory research,  by observing cross-section a on the 203 civil servants who work in the 64 Regional Work Units (SKPD SKPD) Government of Makassar, using total sampling as sampling technique. Analysis of Structural Equation Model (SEM) through Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) Ver. 18 is used as a data analysis tool.   Hypothesis testing results provide evidence that organizational commitment, competence and good governance has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Organizational commitments have a negative and significant effect on the quality of asset management. The different results shown on the competence, good governance and employee performance are positive and significant effect on the Quality asset management for local Governments. Organizational commitment and competence indirectly significant effect on the quality asset management for local Governments: The mediating role of employee performance. On the other mediator variable testing, good governance indirectly has a significant effect on the quality of asset management: The mediating role of employee performance.


Through its extensive use of primary source materials and invaluable contextual notes, this book offers a documented history of one of the most famous adventures in early American history: the Lewis and Clark expedition.
 This book is the first to situate the Lewis and Clark expedition within the political and scientific ambitions of Thomas Jefferson. It spans a forty-year period in American history, from 1783–1832, covering Jefferson's early interest in trying to organize an expedition to explore the American West through the difficult negotiations of the Louisiana Purchase, the formation of the "Corps of Discovery," the expedition's incredible journey into the unknown, and its aftermath.
 The story of the expedition is told not just through the journals and letters of Lewis and Clark, but also through the firsthand accounts of the expedition's other members, which included Sacagawea, a Native American woman, and York, an African American slave. The book features more than 100 primary source documents, including letters to and from Jefferson, Benjamin Rush, and others as the expedition was being organized; diary excerpts during the expedition; and, uniquely, letters documenting the lives of Lewis, Clark, Sacagawea, and York after the expedition.


The federal Constitution creates very significant individual rights, but is conspicuously quite silent on the question of specific remedies to enforce those rights. And yet, individual constitutional rights work like any other rights; these rights are not meaningful unless they have enforcement mechanisms. Congress understood this early on. Back in 1871, just three years after the adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment, Congress enacted what is now 42 U.S.C. Section 1983. Section 1983 is the vehicle that authorizes individuals to assert their constitutional rights claims against state and local governments.In modern day, we see a very wide range of constitutional claims asserted under Section 1983. Just about any possible constitutional claim may be the subject of a Section 1983 action. The author discusses the United States Supreme Court opinions involving Section 1983 that were rendered during the October 2001 Term, which involved the following: Takings Clause cases; judicial access matters; the exhaustion requirement of the Prisoner Litigation Reform Act; qualified immunity issues; enforcement of federal statutes under Section 1983; and Bivens claims against federal officials. The author also analyzes the cases in the context of their broader place in constitutional law doctrine.


This study demonstrates the relations of the position of education in the correlation between religiosity, and socioeconomic variables by using national-level, and large survey data. We used data from the international survey of 68 countries, and used statistical methods to create the composite scores of every variable. Next, we used Pearson and partial correlations to determine the significance of the relations between the three variables and path analysis to investigate the directions. The correlation coefficient between academic and religiosity variables was a significant and negatively high correlation; furthermore, the partial correlation was strong and significant when the socioeconomic variable was controlled. The correlation between religiosity and socioeconomic variables was a significant and negatively high correlation, and the partial correlation was not significant when the academic variable was controlled for. The correlation between academic and socioeconomic variables was a significant and positively high correlation, and the partial correlation was significant when the religious variable was controlled for. The path analysis reveals that the direction is as follows: socioeconomic, education, and finally, religiosity. Based on our results and the reviewed literature, this paper discusses how these results contribute to the secularization theory and how education mediates religiosity and socioeconomic variable. Keywords: education; international study; religiosity; socioeconomic


Abstract  LetV be a system of weights on a completely regular Hausdorff spaceX and letB(E) be the topological vector space of all continuous linear operators on a general topological vector spaceE. LetCV 0(X, E) andCV b (X, E) be the weighted spaces of vector-valued continuous functions (vanishing at infinity or bounded, respectively) which are not necessarily locally convex. In the present paper, we characterize in this general setting the weighted composition operatorsW π,ϕ onCV 0(X, E) (orCV b (X, E)) induced by the operator-valued mappings π:X→B(E) (or the vector-valued mappings π:X→E, whereE is a topological algebra) and the self-map ϕ ofX. Also, we characterize the mappings π:X→B(E) (or π:x→E) and ϕ:X→X which induce the compact weighted composition operators on these weighted spaces of continuous functions.


aminopyridine molecularly imprinted polymer based monolithic capillary column was prepared by a in situ polymerization process in fused silica capillary column. Based on the comparison of the influence of acetonitrile content on the migration behavior of 4 aminopyridine and 2 aminopyridine on non imprinted polymer based column and silanized open tubular column, the mechanism of the separation on the 4 aminopyridine molecularly imprinted polymer based column by capillary electrochromatography was discussed. The recognition ability of the 4 aminopyridine molecular imprinted polymer was affected by the acetonitrile content so strongly that the elution order of the solutes might be reversed. When the acetonitrile content was high, the chromatographic retention played a main role in the migration process; when the concentration of acetonitrile was low, electrophoretic migration played a main role.


Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL

Introduction: We have previously shown that oral administration of alkalinizing pH buffers (e.g. sodium bicarbonate) significantly reduces the development of spontaneous and experimental metastases in animal models. These observations have led to clinical trials in patients. We reasoned that the alkalinizing effect of these buffers could be exacerbated or inhibited by diet. Notably and surprisingly, data on pH buffering of foodstuffs was heretofore unavailable. Thus, we have evaluated the pH and buffering capacity of different food types in an effort to guide prospective trials and to retrospectively evaluate the effect of dietary pH buffers on cancer progression.

Methods: To determine the pH buffering capacity of each food type, we have evaluated a comprehensive list of foodstuffs based on the distribution of self-reported intakes on the Harvard Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQS, https://regepi.bwh.harvard.edu/health/nutrition.html). For each of these food types, we measured pH titrations from the initial pH values until pH < 4.0. From these, we have assigned a "base excess" score, which is the number of excess H+ consumed per 100g dry weight to lower the pH to 4.0, which is the postprandial pH of the distal duodenum. The final "alkalinizing score" normalizes the base excess to FFQS and USDA serving sizes. The alkalinizing score is higher in foods that generate a net absorption of H+. The final contribution to buffering can be measured as a combination of the alkalinizing score and the frequency of these foods in diet.

Conclusions: Data on 21 food types to date indicate a wide variety in basal pH and buffering capacity (initial pH between 3.75 and 6.97, and buffering capacity between -2.48 and 18.92 mmoles H+ per serving size). Of all food, dairy products have the highest contribution to alkaline buffering.

Skim milk has the highest pH buffering capacity (79.37 mmoles H+/100g dry weight), followed by Swiss cheese (59.12 mmoles H+/100g dry weight) and whole milk (44.68 mmoles H+/100g dry weight). Among vegetables, red leaf lettuce had the highest pH buffering score, followed by asparagus and broccoli (91.74, 59 and 56.07 mmoles H+/100g dry weight respectively). Among fruits, watermelon, cantaloupe and banana (35.09, 30.46 and 13.27 mmoles H+/100g dry weight respectively) had the highest scores. Factoring in the contribution of diet to systemic buffering capacity can potentially reduce the need of oral administration of pH buffers in clinical trials. In the current study, a wide range of basal pH and buffering powers of foods were measured. This may lead to development of dietary components as an adjuvant to buffer therapy. The association of diet and cancer risk has been the subject of extensive research. Additionally, on its own, pH buffering capacity may have potential importance for etiologic research, primary prevention and therapeutic clinical trials.

Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1909. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1909


Development of switching power supplies for the telecom industry has been constantly moving towards higher efficiency and more compact units, with watts per cubic inch as a key design parameter. In recent years, there has also been a growing demand for a wide input voltage range-the rectifier should be designed to operate at input voltages ranging from 90 V to 280 V while maintaining a high efficiency. A typical single-phase rectifier is composed of a power factor correction (PFC) stage and an isolated DC/DC stage. The PFC stage usually contains a full wave rectifier followed by a boost type DC/DC converter. This configuration of the PFC stage has several advantages including continuous input current and the ease of implementing power factor correction. The boost topology also yields excellent efficiency over a limited input range, but has difficulties in maintaining high efficiency at the lower end of a wide input range. The problem is of course well known and a number of papers have been published suggesting a variety of techniques to deal with it. The purpose of this paper is to present a survey covering some of the most interesting approaches the authors have come across.


Although wild turkey conservation efforts largely are in a post-restoration phase, there is still much to be learned and shared, both among turkey biologists and researchers and with the greater wildlife conservation community. Beginning in 1959, wild turkey researchers and managers have come together every few years from across the United States to share their experiences, present monitoring data and research results, and address novel or timely turkey conservation issues. The other invited paper summarized the potential effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on turkey hunting during spring 2020;the authors surveyed the primary wildlife biologist tasked with wild turkey management for each state to document wild turkey hunter and hunting dynamics before and during the spring 2020 turkey season. [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Wildlife Society Bulletin is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)


Abstract Borane-amine complexes provide an unusually fast and selective reduction of a deoxynucleoside N-acyl group to a corresponding N-alkyl group. Three different nucleosides (dG, dA, and dC) each having one of three N-protecting groups (benzoyl, isobutyryl, or acetyl) were used to prepare N-alkylated nucleosides in good yields under mild conditions. Deoxyribose O-acyl protecting groups remain intact at the conditions of N-acyl group reduction.


A thermodynamic analysis of the Fe-Zr-B ternary system has been carried out using the CALPHAD method. Among the three binary systems present in the ternary phase diagram, the thermodynamic descriptions of the Fe-Zr and Fe-B binary systems were taken from reported results and from our previous study, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters of the Zr-B binary system were evaluated using the thermochemical properties from our first-principles calculations, as well as available experimental data. In this modelling, the Gibbs energy of ZrB2 with an AlB2-type structure was represented using the two-sublattice model, in which vacancies were introduced into both the Zr and the B sublattices, following the recent data obtained from neutron diffraction experiments on NbB2 with the same structure as that of ZrB2. The optimized thermodynamic parameters of the Zr-B system enabled us to obtain reproducible calculations of the experimental data on phase boundaries and formation enthalpies obtained from first-principles calculations. The ternary parameters were determined using the experimental data on phase boundaries. The calculated results have nicely reproduced the experimental Fe-Zr-B ternary phase diagrams. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.MB200809]


This vignette deals with the position of international intergovernmental organisations as non-state actors. In the case law of the ICJ the independent identity of international organisations is addressed in the formal terms of international legal personality. Such personality is undisputed in international practice: for example, international organisations not only have the capacity to conclude treaties but also, although the legal framework is not entirely settled yet, to bear international responsibility for violations of international law. The ICJ arguably has had a central role in the conceptualisation of organisations as independent actors in international law: with the 1949 Reparation Opinion intergovernmental organisations essentially received at one stroke the paraphernalia required by an international legal actor. The framework proposed by the Court was widely adopted to match developing practice and, although organisations figure in the majority of cases subsequently brought before the ICJ, it was considered and to some extent refined only in the 1996 Legality of the Use by a State of Nuclear Weapons in Armed Conflict Opinion.


NOAA, through the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) program, in partnership with the National Aeronautical and Space Administration, launched the Suomi National Polar‐orbiting Partnership (S‐NPP) satellite, a risk reduction and data continuity mission, on 28 October 2011. The JPSS program is executing the S‐NPP Calibration and Validation program to ensure that the data products comply with the requirements of the sponsoring agencies. The Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) consists of two telescopes feeding three detectors measuring solar radiance scattered by the Earth's atmosphere directly and solar irradiance by using diffusers. The measurements are used to generate estimates of total column ozone and vertical ozone profiles for use in near‐real‐time applications and extension of ozone climate data records. The calibration and validation efforts are progressing well, and both Level 1 (Sensor Data Records) and Level 2 (Ozone Environmental Data Records) have advanced to release at Provisional Maturity. This paper provides information on the product performance over the first 22 months of the mission. The products are evaluated through the use of internal consistency analysis techniques and comparisons to other satellite instrument and ground‐based products. The initial performance finds total ozone showing negative bias of 2 to 4% with respect to correlative products and ozone profiles often within ±5% in the middle and upper stratosphere of current operational products. Potential improvements in the measurements and algorithms are identified. These will be implemented in coming months to reduce the differences further.


Background It is difficult to distinguish atypical cancerous nodule from cirrhosis nodule. Purpose To investigate the value of spectral computed tomography (CT) imaging parameters in differentiating hepatic cancerous nodules from cirrhosis nodules. Material and Methods Forty-six patients with hepatic nodules underwent contrast-enhanced CT scans in spectral mode. Monochromatic CT images and iodine/water-based material-decomposition images were synthesized. CT values were measured at 70 keV monochromatic images and the difference of CT value in the arterial phase (AP) and delayed phase (DP) (△CT1); AP and portal venous phase (PP) (△CT2) were calculated. Normalized to the iodine concentration in the aorta (NIC), lesion to normal liver parenchyma iodine concentration ratio (LNR) was calculated. Slope of the spectral HU curve (λHU) was obtained. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used for consistency test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were also generated. Results There were 23 hepatic cancerous nodules and 23 cirrhosis nodules. All gemstone spectral imaging (GSI) parameters had significantly larger value in cancerous nodules than in cirrhosis nodules, except NIC in DP. The LNR in AP had the largest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.96, indicating its highest ability to differentiate hepatic cancerous nodules from cirrhosis nodules. Using 1.99 as a threshold value for LNR in AP we could obtain sensitivity of 95.65% and specificity of 91.30%. Conclusion We have demonstrated in this feasibility study that spectral CT imaging provides multiple quantitative parameters which may be used to help differentiating hepatic cancerous nodules from cirrhosis nodules.


Feces deposited in transport cages by a Campylobacter-positive flock can cause the spread of Campylobacter to subsequent flocks placed in the same cages. This experiment was designed to determine the effect of extended cage storage on the viability of Campylobacter in feces deposited on the cage floor during commercial transport and holding. After 4 h of feed (but not water) withdrawal, Campylobacter-positive broilers were caught by commercial catching crews, placed into 3 new commercial cages and transported with the rest of the flock to the holding area at a commercial processing facility. Broilers were allowed to remain in the cages for 8 h before being unloaded by facility personnel. After removal of the broilers, empty cages were held under a shed and sampled at 7 intervals for the presence of viable Campylobacter. Cages were sampled by removing all the feces out of a different randomly assigned compartment in each cage at 0.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, and 48 h after unloading. No decrease in Campylobacter numbers was noted through 8 h of storage. After 24 h in both replications, Campylobacter was detected in 2 of 3 compartments by direct plating and detected in the third by enrichment only. After 48 h, Campylobacter was detected in one replication by enrichment only, and was not detected in the second replication at all. Storing soiled transport cages for 48 h between uses results in lower numbers of Campylobacter in feces, but may not eliminate Campylobacter entirely. Due to cage cost and space requirements, routine cage storage between uses would not be practical.


The mechanisms of one- and two-electron oxidation of organometallic compounds by transition metal salts are considered. It is shown that organometallic compounds can be oxidised as a result of dielectric electron transfer but usually unstable transition metal compounds are formed as intermediates in the reactions. The mechanisms of the thermal and catalytic decomposition of certain types of organometallic compounds are discussed in this connection. The bibliography includes 244 references.


Background: Infectious disease is the foremost reason of illness and death in developing countries, especially in children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). Protein energy malnutrition is the basic reason for the heightened vulnerability to infections that can lead to a vicious cycle.

Objective: To study the association of SAM with infection, cause of delay in admission, and action taken by health worker in under-five children admitted to Nutritional Rehabilitation Center (NRC).

Materials and Methods: This was a case–control study design conducted at Nutritional Rehabilitation Center of NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India, and neighbourhood control subjects were selected from affected community. The X2-test, Student's t-test, and qualitative analysis were done for data analysis using SPSS software, version 17.

Result: A total of 700 subjects were taken for the study, of which 350 were severely malnourished children and 350 well-nourished control subjects. Severe malnourished children on an average present most commonly with fever (2.8 episodes, 11 days in last 3 months), followed by diarrhea (2.7 episodes, 10 days illness in last 3 months) and acute respiratory infection (ARI) (1.6 episodes, 7 days illness in last 3 months). There is a significant difference in illness owing to fever, diarrhea, and ARI between the severe malnourished children and normal nourished children. The average time between identification of child as severe malnourished and their admission was 4.38 months. The most important cause of delay in admission to NRC was because no information regarding NRC was given by health worker in early stage of disease, care of other sibling, and work at home in severe malnourished children.

Conclusion: There is strong association of SAM and infections. SAM and infections should be treated urgently to decrease morbidity and mortality.


In Nigeria, the past decades have witnessed a transition from manufacturing to service based economics. The fundamental difference between the two sectors lies in the very nature of their assets. The former sectors are driven by physical asset like plant, and machinery while the later sector is driven by knowledge, skill and attitude of the employee. This had lead to a paradigm shift in expenditure on those assets and interest. As expenditure on human resource increases also lead to the demand for its inclusion in financial report. Expenditure on human resource has two components, the expense and the investment. Conventional accounting treat both as revenue expenditure, this aggregated approach has a negative effect on the profitability. This study examined the relationship between (1) The aggregated cost of human resource and organizational profitability. (2) The effect of the disaggregated cost of human resources on organization profitability. Data was extracted from internal source using a structured information card and annual financial report. Regression analysis was used. The findings show that there is a positive relationship between profitability and human resource cost. It also shows that changes in profitability can be explained when the expenditure on human resource are segregated into revenue expenditure and capital expenditure. The study recommends amongst other, that BETA NIG PLC should imbibe the culture of capitalizing and reporting all investment on human resource that improve the quality and productivity.


This paper measured the influence and induction coefficients of the main industrial sectors of China in 1987, 1992, 1997 and 2002, based on the input-output tables of the four years, using the input-output methods, and discovered those sectors that have the strongest pulling or supporting effects in favor of national economic growth. The GM (1, 1) model with the seventh weakness operator was then applied to analyze the trends and characteristics in those sectors that predictably have the strongest pulling or supporting effects for economic growth in 2007, 2012, 2017 and 2022. In particular, the current study shows that, as those sectors of the strongest supporting effects are typically the greatest waste producers and environmental threats, China must establish the industrial chains with such sectors, which may serve as an avenue to circular economy. Key words: Influence coefficient; Induction coefficient; Pulling effect; Supporting effect; GM (1, 1) model


1. The relative palatabilities of the seedlings and adults of a range of British herbaceous plant species (14 annuals and 15 perennials) were compared using a generalist native herbivore (the slug Deroceras reticulatum) in a food-choice experiment. A palatability index (0 to 1) was devised.

2. A general linear model analysis showed that, overall, there was a highly significant difference between seedling and adult palatability.

3. In the majority of cases, seedlings were more palatable than adults. However, in species with highly palatable adults the opposite tended to be the case.

4. No consistent difference between annual and perennial species was seen with respect to the relative palatabilies of adults vs seedlings.

5. No evidence of a trade-off between seedling palatability and relative growth rate was found.

6. In view of the role that selective seedling predation may play in determining species composition in the field, the results of this experiment indicate the need for caution in making ecological inferences from the exclusive use of adult material in palatability tests.


Manganese oxides have a strong sorption capacity for cationic species in the depositional fluid. This sorption capacity is reflected in the chemistry of the oxides, which is different from that for the oxides precipitated from fresh water, seawater, and hydrothermal fluids. Characteristic mineralogical-geochemical enrichment and geochemical association (defined statistically) signatures, in conjunction with several diagnostic plots, can be employed to distinguish between the following different genetic types of manganese deposits: supergene hydrothermal; supergene marine terrestrial; supergene dubhite; and supergene marine hydrothermal sedimentary exhalative (sedex). "Dubhites" are manganese oxides derived from the weathering of a mineralized sequence (i.e., base and precious ore minerals and gangue). Hydrothermal deposits characteristically show geochemical enrichments in the assemblage As-Ba-Cu-Li-Mo-Pb-Sb-Sr-V-Zn and an Mn-As geochemical association. Supergene marine deposits show Na-K-Ca-Mg-Sr and Co-Cu-Ni geochemical enrichments, whereas supergene terrestrial deposits tend to have very high Ba contents and an Mn-Ba association. Dubhites contain high levels of Pb and Zn, show an Mn-Pb-base metal association, and are composed of significant quantities of base metal-bearing manganese oxides. Bixbyite, braunite, hausmannite, huebnerite, jacobsite, and pyrochroite occur predominantly only in hydrothermal deposits, whereas chalcophanite, coronadite, crednerite, delta -MnO 2 , groutite, hollandite, lithiophorite, manganite, nsutite, quenselite, ramsdellite, romanechite, todorokite, and woodruffite are generally of supergene origin. In addition to established plots presently used to identify marine sedimentary exhalative deposits, the following diagnostic graphs were devised: Na vs. Mg distinguishes deposits of marine and fresh water origin, Co + Ni vs. As + Cu + Mo + Pb + V + Zn discriminates between hydrothermal and supergene oxides, and Pb vs. Zn can be used to recognize dubhites and therefore prospective sequences.


A chiral cobalt-catalyzed enantioselective aerobic oxidative kinetic resolution of (±)-α-hydroxy esters, using molecular oxygen as a sole oxidant, is reported and a maximum of selectivity factor (s) 31.9 was achieved with >99% enantiomeric excess for unreacted α-hydroxy esters.


A survey of HIV positive mothers in Botswana, Africa, all enrolled in a PMTCT programme, was conducted. A total of 305 mothers from randomly selected sites volunteered and completed the survey related to infant feeding, disclosure of HIV status, infant testing, and support from family and clinic services. The majority of mothers used formula feeding (64%) with their infants and almost half of the mothers indicated that they believed breastfeeding to be unsafe. The majority of mothers reported having disclosed their HIV status to partners and family and felt they had benefited from having done so. Social stigma did not appear to be a significant concern for the mothers in this study. Overall, mothers were very positive concerning the support they received from partners, family, and medical/clinic services. HIV testing was reported for 178 babies with 5 (3%) found to be positive for HIV. A discussion of the findings, along with recommendations for areas needing further study and attention, is provided.


Traffic prediction is an important and yet highly challenging problem due to the complexity and constantly changing nature of traffic systems. To address the challenges, we propose a graph and attentive multi-path convolutional network (GAMCN) model to predict traffic conditions such as traffic speed across a given road network into the future. Our model focuses on the spatial and temporal factors that impact traffic conditions. To model the spatial factors, we propose a variant of the graph convolutional network (GCN) named LPGCN to embed road network graph vertices into a latent space, where vertices with correlated traffic conditions are close to each other. To model the temporal factors, we use a multi-path convolutional neural network (CNN) to learn the joint impact of different combinations of past traffic conditions on the future traffic conditions. Such a joint impact is further modulated by an attention generated from an embedding of the prediction time, which encodes the periodic patterns of traffic conditions. We evaluate our model on real-world road networks and traffic data. The experimental results show that our model outperforms state-of-art traffic prediction models by up to 18.9% in terms of prediction errors and 23.4% in terms of prediction efficiency.


The focus of High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) microwave circuit development has now shifted to improving the high power handling capability. This paper reviews our latest results in this area including: HTS material improvement; new concepts and rules for HTS high power circuit design; and the latest high power filter test results. For HTS materials, the surface resistance versus rf magnetic field test results and the third harmonic test results for both YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ and Tl/sub 2/Ba/sub 2/CaCu/sub 2/O/sub 8/ thin films are presented. For HTS microwave circuits, novel design concepts and rules for high power HTS filters are discussed. Several compact planar HTS filters were designed, fabricated, packaged and tested. The performance of a 3-pole, 1.3% equal-ripple bandwidth planar HTS filter showed no measurable degradation for transmitted power levels up to 74 watts at 77 K. The performance of a 2-pole, 1% equal-ripple bandwidth planar HTS filter showed no measurable degradation for transmitted power levels up to 115 watts at 77 K. To our knowledge, these test results represent the highest power handling of compact planar HTS filters operating at 77 K, sufficient for use in telecommunication transmitters.


This paper examines the modeling accuracy of finite element interpolation, kriging, and polynomial regression used in conjunction with the Progressive Lattice Sampling (PLS) incremental design-of-experiments approach. PLS is a paradigm for sampling a deterministic hypercubic parameter space by placing and incrementally adding samples in a manner intended to maximally reduce lack of knowledge in the parameter space. When combined with suitable interpolation methods, PLS is a formulation for progressive construction of response surface approximations (RSA) in which the RSA are efficiently upgradable, and upon upgrading, offer convergence information essential in estimating error introduced by the use of RSA in the problem. The three interpolation methods tried here are examined for performance in replicating an analytic test function as measured by several different indicators. The process described here provides a framework for future studies using other interpolation schemes, test functions, and measures of approximation quality.


The Zr-2.5Nb pressure tubes of CANDU reactors are susceptible to a crack initiation and growth mechanism known as Delayed Hydride Cracking (DHC), which is a repetitive process that involves hydrogen diffusion, hydride precipitation, hydrided region formation and fracture at a flaw or crack tip. The threshold stress intensity for DHC initiation from a crack, KIH , is an important material parameter for assessing DHC initiation from flaws in pressure tubes. KIH is used to determine whether DHC initiation may occur from flaws which are postulated as crack-like. It is also an input parameter in the engineering process-zone methodology to assess DHC initiation from blunt flaws. Tests were performed to determine the effect of hydrogen concentration in solution on KIH in unirradiated Zr-2.5 Nb material, subjected to different thermo-mechanical treatments to obtain different yield strength or hardness. Hydrogen concentration in solution represents the diffusible hydrogen available for the DHC process, and is different than the total hydrogen concentration which includes the immobile hydrogen in the zirconium hydride phase. For all material conditions, the KIH values at 250°C are significantly higher when the hydrogen concentration in solution is low. Post test metallographic examination indicates that the crack-tip hydride is large and has a taper shape when the hydrogen concentration in solution is high. This suggests that KIH is reached due to insufficient stress to crack the hydrides. When the hydrogen concentration in solution is low, the crack-tip hydride is small and KIH is reached due to limited hydride growth. Finite element diffusion analysis was performed to determine the crack tip hydride accumulation as a function of KI and hydrogen in solution. For high hydrogen concentration in solution, the model predicts a taper hydride shape and hydride lengths which are consistent with the trend observed in the experiments. Another set of KIH tests was performed at 200°C on unirradiated pressure tube material hydrided to 60 and 100 ppm hydrogen. The test results indicated that KIH is controlled by the hydrogen in solution and is not affected by the amount of hydrogen in bulk hydrides.Copyright © 2011 by ASME and Her Majesty The Queen in Right of Canada


The communication revolution has made texts and languages available to people who, it is here suggested, might not have the cultural components needed to use them in the same way as native speakers. Introduced languages have in much of Africa eclipsed indigenous knowledge from opportunity for home grown development. Africans flocking to Western languages supported by numerous Western subsidies, leaves African ways of life concealed from the West. Western languages can be used to undermine the West. The inadequacy of English in Africa is illustrated by the contrast between the holistic and dualistic worldviews; English being dualistic is a poor means for expressing African holism. This makes the use of English in and for Africa inherently confusing. It is proposed that indigenous development be encouraged through challenging and encouraging African theology on its own terms, by encouraging some Western missionaries to use African languages and resources in their task.


A LCD glass plate is supported by multi-pins and golf-tee type support. In the FEM analysis, the support condition is treated as a simply supported boundary condition. In this study, the optimization on the location of multi-simply support is conducted. The size optimization method of ANSYS 8.0 is used as the optimization tool to search for the optimal support location of LCD glass plate. In the manufacturing process, the support condition is a fatal factor of quality control of LCD production. From the results of optimization, deflection decreases 51% compared with the original model.


ABSTRACT The preparation of a comprehensive textbook of almost 1,100 large, double-column pages by a sole author (with the exception of two short chapters dealing with chromosomes by Clavero-Nunez) is a stupendous and ambitious task, especially if the work is carefully done, well coded, and excellently written. In this day, books of such magnitude appear only as the cumulative effort of a dozen or more contributors. Professor Botella-Llusia, a most prodigious and sagacious man, has given us an encyclopedic account of present-day knowledge of the endocrinology of women. It is a classic, and not since Osler's Principles of Medicine has so all-encompassing a book appeared on the medical scene. The historical references are well chosen, his philosophic approaches brighten its pages, the inclusion of the most recent advances in the field and selection of references—all make for an excellent book that should find a niche in the library of the practicing


In order to understand the effect of electrostatic energy on phase transition from monolayer to multilayer, isobaric relaxation process of Langmuir monolayers composed of stearic acid or ferroelectric polyvinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene copolymer with various vinylidene fluoride (VDF) ratios is investigated in terms of thermodynamic and kinetic analysis. A monotonous decreasing tendency of material loss with respect to temperature is observed for stearic acid monolayer, which is due to thermal activation effect on phase transition from monolayer to multilayer. In contrast, for the ferroelectric monolayer it presents a nonmonotonous behavior of losing materials with a peak position near the Curie temperature, which is not only owing to thermal activation but also dipole moment change. This observation is confirmed for the copolymer monolayers with other VDF content ratios. Amazingly, for the ferroelectric monolayers a good correspondence is found for critical temperatures evaluated from several independent methods including the analysis on slow collapse. This finding again tells the fact that the relaxation process, namely phase transition from monolayer to multilayer, is greatly influenced by dipolar electrostatic energy. Moreover, the study of time dependent relaxation process reveals a diffusionlike behavior of multilayer structure formation, which cannot be interpreted by classical models. Hence a new model based on diffusion-driven material transfer is proposed and diffusivity of the copolymer molecules is estimated with a value of 0.4x10(-5) cm(2)/s. As a whole, this research reflects the importance of dipolar electrostatic energy for phase transition of monolayers at air-water interface.


The gram-negative bacterium, Xanthomonas maltophilia, has low- and high-affinity luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin (LH/CG)-binding sites, similar to the LH/CG receptor found in mammals. Although the low-affinity site binds both LH and human CG (hCG), the high-affinity site is specific for hCG. In the current investigation, these two binding sites were independently isolated from X. maltophilia for further characterization. To Isolate functional binding sites, we developed a solubilization method using the detergent zwittergent 3,14 and high glycerol concentrations that allowed for the maintenance of ligand-binding integrity. Gel filtration experiments established molecular weights of 170 and 11.5 kDa for the two binding sites, which were supported by data from photoaffinity labeling and ultracentrifugation experiments. Gel filtration data also suggested the presence of a third binding site of 5.4 kDa. The 170-kDa site had a binding affinity of Kd = 12 × 10−6 and bound both LH and hCG. The small molecular weight site had an affinity of Kd = 9.4 × 10−8 and was CG specific. Collectively, these data demonstrate the presence of multiple hormone binding sites in X. maltophilia that differ in molecular size, binding affinity, and ligand specificity.


Congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries (CCTGA) is a very rare heart defect in which the heart's lower half is reversed. It is also called L-TGA. About 0.5%–1% of all babies born with heart defects have CCTGA. Here we present a case of a 65 year old male with CCTGA with chronic cough and breathlessness as the only symptoms. Echocardiography confirmed the diagnosis with intact inter ventricular septum, dilated right ventricle (systemic), mild tricuspid regurgitation, mild right ventricle dysfunction, good left ventricle contractility, trivial aortic regurgitation.


DT-MRI (diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging) tractography is a method to determine the architecture of axonal fibers in the central nervous system by computing the direction of the principal eigenvectors obtained from tensor matrix, which is different from the conventional isotropic MRI. Tractography based on DT-MRI is known to need many computations and is highly sensitive to noise. Hence, adequate regularization methods, such as image processing techniques, are in demand. Among many regularization methods we are interested in the median filtering method. In this paper, we extended two-dimensional median filters already developed to three-dimensional median filters. We compared four median filtering methods which are two-dimensional simple median method (SM2D), two-dimensional successive Fermat method (SF2D), three-dimensional simple median method (SM3D), and three-dimensional successive Fermat method (SF3D). Three kinds of synthetic data with different altitude angles from axial slices and one kind of human data from MR scanner are considered for numerical implementation by the four filtering methods.


The aim of this study was to examine sprint, repeated sprint and jumping parameters of handball players at different levels. Methods. The study included 16 male senior handball players aged 22.6±3.8 and 13 male junior handball players aged 16.1±0.8. Age, height, body weight, 20m sprint test, repeated sprint test and counter movement jump (CMJ) test data were obtained. Sigma Plot 12.0 (Systat Software Inc.) software was used for data analysis. Results. One-Way Anova Repeated Measures of Variance and non-parametric Holm Sidak test were used for intragroup comparison of senior and junior male handball players. Mann Whitney U test was used for intergroup comparisons. Jumping parameters of senior athletes were evaluated. CMJ after repeated sprint (43.0±4.8 cm), and 20 m sprint test (46.9±4.2 cm) of senior athletes were found to be significantly lower than CMJ values after warm up (45.8±6.0 cm) (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between CMJ of junior handball players after 20 m sprint (49.5±3.9 cm) and repeated sprint test (46.2±3.8 cm). Comparison of jumping heights of the subjects between the groups showed no statistically significant difference. It was found that the last two performances of both groups (Senior: 5.41±0.25, 5.42±0.24 sec and junior; 5.43±0.17, 5.56±0.20 sec), were significantly higher than their first sprint performances (Senior: 5.63±0.16, 5.60±0.20 sec and junior; 5.66±0.29, 5.65±0.29 sec) after repeated sprint. Conclusion. Sprint and jumping are known to be important for handball game. However, experience and game tactics should support combination of these important abilities with repeated sprint and jumping performance during the game.


The methodology named LIFE (Linear-in-Flux-Expressions) was developed with the purpose of simulating and analyzing large metabolic systems. With LIFE, the number of model parameters is reduced by accounting for correlations among the parameters of the system. Perturbation analysis on LIFE systems results in less overall variability of the system, leading to results that more closely resemble empirical data. These systems can be associated to graphs, and characteristics of the graph give insight into the dynamics of the system. This work addresses two main problems: 1. for fixed metabolite levels, find all fluxes for which the metabolite levels are an equilibrium, and 2. for fixed fluxes, find all metabolite levels which are equilibria for the system. We characterize the set of solutions for both problems, and show general results relating stability of systems to the structure of the associated graph. We show that there is a structure of the graph necessary for stable dynamics. Along with these general results, we show how stability analysis from the fields of network flows, compartmental systems, control theory and Markov chains apply to LIFE systems.


Among the major developments in materials in recent year are composite materials, as they offer several outstanding properties as compared to several conventional materials. Composite materials have found increasingly wide applications in aircraft, space vehicles, offshore structures, electronics, automobiles, boats, and sporting goods. Today composite materials have changed all the material engineering. The evolution of composite materials has given an opportunity to various designers to use new and better materials resulting in cost reduction, increase in efficiency and better utilization of available resources. Research and development activities in this area are concerned with improving strength, toughness, stiffness, resistance to high temperature and reliability in service. Many composites materials are composed of just two phases; matrix and dispersed phase.


For individuals with Down syndrome (DS), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a complex disorder with significant clinical consequences. OSA is seen frequently in DS, and when present, it tends to be more severe. This increased prevalence is likely related to common anatomic abnormalities and a greater risk of additional comorbidities such as hypotonia and obesity. Because signs and symptoms do not often correlate with disease, all children and adults with DS should receive routine screening for OSA. Similar to the general population, polysomnography remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Because individuals with DS may be more susceptible to cardiovascular and neurocognitive sequelae, early diagnosis and treatment of OSA is becoming increasingly important. Treatment options generally involve upper airway surgery (primarily adenotonsillectomy) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP); however, various adjunctive therapies including intranasal steroids, palatal expansion, and oropharyngeal exercises are also available. Residual disease status post adenotonsillectomy is common, and further evaluation (eg, drug-induced sleep endoscopy [DISE]) is often needed. More advanced and directed airway surgery can be performed if additional sites of obstruction are observed. Novel therapies including hypoglossal nerve stimulation are emerging as effective treatments for refractory OSA. Due to the diversity among individuals with DS, personalized treatment plans should be developed. Within this arena, opportunities for research remain abundant and should include areas involving patient risk factors, alternative diagnostic methods, and outcome analysis.


Game theory is the mathematical tool to study cooperation and competition. Since the beginnings of operations research and game theory both fields have been closely related. This thesis further investigates this relationship. Costs or rewards sharing problems arising from scheduling problems, traveling salesman problems and project management are investigated within the framework of game theory. Refinements of the set of optimal solutions of linear programming problems are studied by making use of the relationship betweenof linear programming problems, linear complementarity problems, and matrix games. Finally, competitive environments, i.e. bimatrix games for which some appealing properties of matrix games are kept, are analyzed.


Wild emmer, the direct progenitor of modern durum and bread wheat, has mostly been studied for grain quality, biotic, and abiotic stress-related traits. Accordingly, it should also have a certain amount of diversity for morphological and agronomic traits. Despite having a high chance of huge diversity, it has not been deeply explored. In the current study, 263 wild emmer accessions collected from different regions of Israel, Turkey, Lebanon, and Syria were characterized for a total of 19 agronomic and shoot morphological traits. Three trials were carried out in Western Australia, which demonstrated a large variation in these traits. The average phenotypic diversity (H') was 0.91 as quantified by Shannon's diversity index. A high heritability was recorded for most of the traits, where biomass/plant and yield/plant were identified as the most potential traits. Correlation analysis revealed several significant associations between traits, including significant positive correlation between yield and tiller number, first leaf area, spike length, and biomass/plant. The principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that most of the traits contributed to the overall observed variability. The cluster analysis categorized 263 accessions into five clusters on average. On the other hand, accessions were categorized into eight populations based on the collection region and a comparative analysis demonstrated considerable variations between populations for plant height, spike length, and flag leaf area. Despite the low yield, several wild emmer accessions demonstrated superior performance compared to modern bread wheat cultivars, when selection was based on combining yield with multiple traits. These observations indicate that wild emmer contains a broad gene pool for several agronomic and shoot morphological traits, which can be utilized for bread and durum wheat improvement.


This Comment evaluates the economic effects of the patent misuse doctrine. The patent misuse doctrine is an equitable remedy analogous to the "unclean hands" doctrine in tort law. It bars infringement suits by patentees who have "misused" their patent grant, either by using the patent to violate the antitrust laws or by extending their patent monopoly in some other way. The author first describes the nature and scope of antitrust protection in the patent area, and contrasts the antitrust laws with the patent misuse doctrine. Next, the author argues that the patent misuse doctrine is irrational from an economic standpoint for three reasons: the level of sanction is unrelated to the injury caused; the sanction duplicates antitrust remedies, leading to excessive recoveries; and the sanction is awarded as a windfall to the patent infringer even if that party was not injured by the misuse. These effects combine to make the patent misuse doctrine indefensible from the standpoint either of proportionality or of deterrence. Finally, the author reviews recent legislative efforts to reform the patent misuse doctrine and argues that they are misguided because they fail to deal with the fundamental problems described herein. The author concludes that the patent misuse doctrine ought to be abolished, and that the antitrust laws can serve the same purposes that the patent misuse doctrine was designed to serve.


In this work we show how to build a home-made thermal system, and how we can use it in order to reinforce some basic concepts in control systems. Some of the concepts explored using the system are: identification based on step and frequency responses, the effect of basic control actions and the design, and implementation of analog controllers using operational amplifiers. In addition, we expose a set of advantages and disadvantages related with the laboratory experience documented here.


Mixed Media and Print-Installation. If I Had a Hammer represents Canadian society's progress in social justice. This public narrative, as depicted in the larger installation, relies on the simple motifs of a wooden file cabinet and the dynamic motion of a horse striving forwards. The work focuses on four pivotal years, which have shaped Canadian society, namely: 1854; 1947; 1960 and 2016. These years with their associated narratives/stories correspond, respectively, with the following: the abolition of the feudal system in Canada; the abolition of the Chinese head tax; the establishment of the Canadian Bill of Rights, and the beginning of the reconciliation process with Canada's indigenous communities.


Single crystals of Bi2212 and Bi(Pb)2212 having various cation compositions were grown by the floating zone method and evaluated their Jc characteristics after control of oxygen content by post-annealing. Jc characteristics of Bi2212 and Bi(Pb)2212 were found to be improved by control of cation compositions towards stoichiometric, Bi:Sr:Ca:Cu = 2:2:1:2. This means that nonstoichiometric cation composition in these systems suppresses inherent superconductivity possibly due to considerably disordered crystal lattice, resulting in poor Jc characteristics. Dramatically enhanced Jc were achieved for cation stoichiometric and small amount of Y or Lu-doped Bi(Pb)2212 single crystals. The highest Jc at 20 K observed were ∼0.85 MAcm−2 in self-field and ∼0.1 MAcm−2 under 5 T with H // c. The dilute Y and Ludoping is considered to introduce locally lattice-distorted regions acting as effective pinning sites up to high fields.


Introduction: Approximately 50% of high grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOC) have defects in genes involved in homologous recombination repair (HR). BRCA1/2 mutant HGSOCs have a deficiency in the repair of double strand DNA breaks by HR. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) block the repair of single-stranded breaks leading to double strand DNA breaks which cannot be repaired efficiently in BRCA-deficient cancers capitalizing on synthetic lethality. PARPi have a modest clinical response of only ∼40% in recurrent BRCA mutant HGSOCs. We hypothesize that PARPi alone increases reliance on other DNA repair pathways such as ATR/CHK1 in HR deficient cells, and by targeting ATR/CHK1 in combination with PARPi would be more effective in eradicating tumor growth. Experimental Procedures: Effects of PARP inhibitor (PARPi, Olaparib), CHK1 inhibitor (CHK1i, MK8776), and ATR inhibitor (ATRi, AZD6738) on cell cycle, survival, colony formation, genome stability were evaluated in PEO1 (BRCA2 mutant), PEO4 (BRCA wild-type), JHOS4 (BRCA1 mutant), and WO-24 (BRCA wild-type) ovarian cancer cells. A BRCA2 mutant (8945delAA) orthotopic PDX model was used to evaluate PARPi alone or in combination with CHK1/ATRi. Targeted capture massively parallel sequencing, Reverse-Phase Protein Array Analysis (RPPA) and IHC were performed on cells and xenografts to evaluate for biomarkers of response. Results: Monotherapy with PARPi, CHK1i, and ATRi in vitro demonstrated selectivity in mediating cell death and DNA damage in BRCA1/2 mutant cell lines (PEO1, JHOS4) compared to BRCA1/2 wild-type, platinum resistant cell lines (PEO4, WO-24). However, monotherapy only results in ∼40-50% cell death in BRCA1/2 mutant cell lines. PARPi alone resulted in tumor suppression but not tumor eradication in a BRCA2 mutant PDX model. PARPi treatment resulted in an increase in ATR/CHK1 signaling in BRCA1/2 mutant cells. Treatment with ATR/CHK1i in combination with PARPi is synergistic in reducing survival of BRCA1/2 cells. Combination treatment was more effective in targeting cell cycle mediators, and promoting apoptosis. Treatment with either PARPi+ATRi or PARPi+CHK1i combinations was synergistic in causing tumor suppression but PARPi/ATRi combination caused tumor regression in a BRCA2 mutant PDX model. Conclusions: Strategies to optimize approaches capitalizing on synthetic lethality are needed for HR deficient HGSOC. PARPi is effective in BRCA deficient cancers but can potentially be more effective when combined with ATR/CHK1i. Citation Format: Erin George, Hyoung Kim, Janos Tanyi, Ryan Ragland, Rugang Zhang, Patricia Bradford, Clemens Krepler, Katherine Nathanson, Brandon Wenz, Yiling Lu, Gordon Mills, Mark Morgan, Fiona Simpkins. Targeting the ATR/CHK1 axis in combination with PARP inhibition is more effective than PARP inhibition alone in BRCA mutant models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4835.


In this paper, we propose low complexity algorithms based on Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique for signal detection and channel estimation on the uplink in large scale multiuser multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems with tens to hundreds of antennas at the base station (BS) and similar number of uplink users. A BS receiver that employs a randomized sampling method (which makes a probabilistic choice between Gibbs sampling and random sampling in each iteration) for detection and a Gibbs sampling based method for channel estimation is proposed. The algorithm proposed for detection alleviates the stalling problem encountered at high SNRs in conventional MCMC algorithm and achieves near-optimal performance in large systems. A novel ingredient in the detection algorithm that is responsible for achieving near-optimal performance at low complexities is the joint use of a {\it randomized MCMC (R-MCMC) strategy} coupled with a {\it multiple restart strategy} with an efficient restart criterion. Near-optimal detection performance is demonstrated for large number of BS antennas and users (e.g., 64, 128, 256 BS antennas/users). The proposed MCMC based channel estimation algorithm refines an initial estimate of the channel obtained during pilot phase through iterations with R-MCMC detection during data phase. In time division duplex (TDD) systems where channel reciprocity holds, these channel estimates can be used for multiuser MIMO precoding on the downlink. Further, we employ this receiver architecture in the frequency domain for receiving cyclic prefixed single carrier (CPSC) signals on frequency selective fading between users and the BS. The proposed receiver achieves performance that is near optimal and close to that achieved with perfect channel knowledge.


Applications of the Monte Carlo method in lattice gauge theories, including applications in quantum chromodynamics, are reviewed. The lattice formulation of gauge theories, the corresponding concepts, and the corresponding methods are introduced. The Monte Carlo method as it is applied to lattice gauge theories is described. Some specific calculations by the Monte Carlo method and their results are examined. The phase structure of lattice gauge theories with Abelian groups ZN and U(1) (a lattice formulation of a compact electrodynamics) is discussed. The non-Abelian groups SU(2), SU(3) (a lattice formulation of quantum chromodynamics), and others are also discussed. The procedure for calculating quantities referring to the continuum limit by the Monte Carlo method is discussed for quantum chromodynamics. A detailed analysis is made of results calculated for the continuum theory: string tensions and interaction potentials, which show that quarks are confined; glueball mass spectra; and the temperature of the transition from the phase of hadronic matter to the phase of a quark-gluon plasma. Masses calculated for hadrons consisting of quarks are briefly discussed.


Wireless LANs have experienced great success in the past five years. This technology has been quickly adopted in private and public areas to provide convenient network access. The fast pace of development has often induced an uncoordinated deployment strategy where WLAN planning tools have barely been used. This article highlights the difficulty of planning such wireless networks in indoor environments. The first issue that must be faced in WLAN planning is accurate description of the quality of a network based on realistic propagation predictions. The second issue is to implement a search strategy that provides several alternative solutions. Thus, the radio engineer can choose the most promising one among them based on his/her experience and maybe some additional constraints. A description of already proposed planning strategies is given and opens out onto a new multiobjective planning formulation. This formulation evaluates coverage, interference level, and quality of service (in terms of data throughput per user) to measure the quality of a planning solution. A Tabu multiobjective algorithm is then implemented to search for the optimal set of non-dominated planning solutions, and a final selection process extracts the most significant solutions for the end user. This multiobjective QoS-oriented method is illustrated with a practical example that shows the performance of looking for several solutions, each expressing different trade-offs between the planning objectives


Although preferences for redistribution have been widely studied in the economic literature, their relationship with risk preferences has received only marginal attention so far. The aim of this work is to provide evidence on this topic using a between-subject laboratory experiment and a fine grid to measure individual risk attitudes. Our findings suggest that the more the people are risk averse, the more they are in favor of redistribution across members of a society that allows upward social mobility, but it is also characterized by uncertainty about the final position in the income ladder. Our interpretation is that individuals exploit redistributive taxation as a form of insurance against uncertainty in the outcome of their effort.


A primary abdominal pregnancy was discovered in a 23-year-old woman who had used a Copper-T IUD for 2 years. After complaining about pelvic pain and bleeding disorders X-rays were taken and the IUD was located in the pelvis minor. After acute pain and bleeding symptoms a laparotomy was performed and a 3-1/2 month pregnancy with the placenta attached to the peritoneus parietale was discovered and removed without complication. The possible relationship to the IUD perforation is discussed. (Summary in ENG)


Purpose of review This review evaluates the past year's literature on the provision of pediatric procedural sedation outside of the operating room, especially as performed by non-anesthesiologist healthcare providers. Recent findings Research on pediatric procedural sedation practice continues to be limited by small case series and single institution study design. However, some exciting developments have occurred. Recent guideline revisions and safety initiatives are reported that impact positively on practice. Efforts to analyze the elements of sedation systems that result in greater safety, efficiency, and patient satisfaction are increasing, including evaluations of tiered systems utilizing the skills of various healthcare providers. Dexmedetomidine and etomidate are the subjects of investigation on their utility for procedural sedation. A multicentered study, adequately powered to provide meaningful evaluation of adverse events, has been completed and provides valuable insight on pediatric procedural sedation as practiced by a variety of healthcare providers. Summary Pediatric procedural sedation practice as performed by non-anesthesiologists continues to grow. Ongoing efforts to understand the elements of sedation systems that lead to best practice, with the subsequent development of uniform practice approaches, are essential. A collaborative relationship between anesthesiologists and non-anesthesiologist providers of procedural sedation is essential for meeting common goals.


. The article considers theoretical aspects of values and value orientations. The paper gives results of their empirical research among 1st–3rd year students learning pedagogy. The authors discuss various approaches to the understanding of values and value orientations, their classification in domestic and foreign psychology, the place of values in the structure of the individual, as well as the significance of values in the structure of the individual and the need to allocate a separate group of priority values – universal values. The study presents the results of an empirical study of terminal and instrumental values (the M. Rokich method in the modification of D. Leont'ev). The paper highlights groups of students depend-ing on value orientations, analyses similarities and differences in most important and less de-sirable terminal and instrumental values, which different groups have.


Spin angular momentum of photons and the associated polarization of light has been known for many years. However, it is only over the last decade or so that physically realizable laboratory light beams have been used to study the orbital angular momentum of light. In many respects, orbital and spin angular momentum behave in a similar manner, but they differ significantly in others. In particular, orbital angular momentum offers exciting new possibilities with respect to the optical manipulation of matter and to the study of the entanglement of photons.Bringing together 44 landmark papers, "Optical Angular Momentum" offers the first comprehensive overview of the subject as it has developed. It chronicles the first decade of this important subject and gives a definitive statement of the current status of all aspects of optical angular momentum. In each chapter, the editors include a concise introduction, putting the selected papers into context and outlining the key articles a