The aimof the research is to verify the effectiveness of the dual education in modern educational institutions. The research involved the following methods: testing method (Self-Attitude Test) and methods of studying self-assessment through the ranking procedure; the peer-review method; Human Volitional Qualities Questionnaire; Student's t-test and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; Spearman's Rank correlation coefficient; Survey Response Rate calculation. Students expressed the greatest satisfaction with such aspects as the relationship with the tutor (0.84), tutor's objectivity in work evaluation (0.91), safe working environment (0.92), individual workplace (0.89). There were 58% of respondents who favoured dual education compared to traditional education. A group of experts who studied academic performance noted the advantage of the flipped classroom-based model. The level of special competencies in the control group was 4.5 units, while it was 4.9 units in the experimental group. The results of the study showed the high efficiency of dual education based on the flipped classroom model. The research identified a more effective implementation model. This model shows significant positive results, both in the context of higher education and vocational education. Future research should be aimed at finding an effective model for implementing the dual system in vocational education. Also, it is necessary to study the effectiveness of such innovations in modern realities.


Objective To investigate the prevalence of arrhythmia in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (CSHF) in Hubei province and analyse the correlation between atrial fibrillation (AF), premature ventricular contracts (PVCs), ventricular tachycardia (VT) and age, NYHA heart function classification, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), aetiology, respectively. Methods Data of in-hospital patients with CSHF were investigated between 2000 and 2010 from 12 hospitals in Hubei Province. Univariate and multivariate logistic proportional hazard analysis were performed to determinate the relationships between AF, PVCs, VT and age, NYHA heart function classification, LVEF, aetiology, respectively. Results (1) PVCs, AF, atrial tachycardia and VT are the common arrhythmia in patients with CSHF which account 68.30%, 40.81%, 21.16% and 14.50%, respectively. (2) The HRs (95% CI) of AF for patients in 40–50, 50–60, 60–70, 70–80 and ≥80 age were 1.670 (1.237 to 2.253, p<0.01), 2.315 (1.759 to 3.047, p<0.01), 3.103 (2.368 to 4.067, p<0.01), 3.805 (2.911 to 4.972, p<0.01) and 5.018 (3.771 to 6.676, p<0.01), respectively, compared with patients in <40 years group. While there were no significant difference among different age groups in HR of PVCs and VT in multivariate logistic analysis. (3) The HRs (95% CI) of AF or VT for patients in LVEF 31–40%, 21–30% and ≤20% group were 1.565 (1.446 to 1.717, p<0.01), 1.640 (1.225 to 1.923, p<0.01) and 2.104 (1.925 to 2.223, p<0.01), respectively; 1.760 (95% CI 1.218 to 2.345, p<0.01), 2.396 (95% CI 2.019 to 2.783, p<0.01) and 4.209 (95% CI 3.554 to 4.862, p<0.01), respectively, compared with patients in LVEF 41–50% group. However, there is no significant difference among different LVEF groups in HR of PVCs in multivariate logistic analysis. (4) The HRs (95% CI) of AF, PVCs and VT for patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertension heart disease or valvular heart disease were 1.876 (1.608 to 2.188, p<0.01), 1.297 (1.132 to 1.486, p<0.01) and 12.111 (9.820 to 14.937, p<0.01), respectively; 1.143 (1.082 to 1.224, p<0.01), 0.559 (0.322 to 0.743, p<0.01) and 0.896 (0.775 to 1.211, p=0.358), respectively; 1.189 (95% CI 1.096 to 1.284, p<0.01), 0.430 (95% CI 0.381 to 0.497, p<0.01) and 0.530 (95% CI 0.421 to 0.652, p<0.01), respectively, compared with patients in coronary heart disease group. Conclusions PVCs, AF, atrial tachycardia and VT are the common arrhythmia in patients with CSHF. The risk of AF morbidity increases as age increases or LVEF decreases and varies in patients with different aetiology. The risk of PVCs morbidity varies in patients with different aetiology while was not affected by age, NYHA or LVEF. The risk of VT morbidity increases as LVEF decreases and is different in patients with different aetiology.


Chinese chives is a popular herb vegetable and medicine in Asian countries. Southwest China is one of the centers of origin, and the mountainous areas in this region are rich in wild germplasm. In this study, we collected four samples of germplasm from different altitudes: a land race of cultivated Chinese chives (Allium tuberosum), wide-leaf chives and extra-wide-leaf chives (Allium hookeri), and ovoid-leaf chives (Allium funckiaefolium). Leaf metabolites were detected and compared between A. tuberosum and A. hookeri. A total of 158 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAM) were identified by Gas Chromatography—Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Liquid Chromatography—Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), among which there was a wide range of garlic odor compounds, free amino acids, and sugars. A. hookeri contains a higher content of fructose, garlic odor compounds, and amino acids than A. tuberosum, which is supported by the higher expression level of biosynthetic genes revealed by transcriptome analysis. A. hookeri accumulates the same garlic odor compound precursors that A. tuberosum does (mainly methiin and alliin). We isolated full-length gene sequences of phytochelatin synthase (PCS), γ-glutamyltranspeptidases (GGT), flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO), and alliinase (ALN). These sequences showed closer relations in phylogenetic analysis between A. hookeri and A. tuberosum (with sequence identities ranging from 86% to 90%) than with Allium cepa or Allium sativum (which had a lower sequence identity ranging from 76% to 88%). Among these assayed genes, ALN, the critical gene controlling the conversion of odorless precursors into odor compounds, was undetected in leaves, bulbs, and roots of A. tuberosum, which could account for its weaker garlic smell. Moreover, we identified a distinct FMO1 gene in extra-wide-leaf A. hookeri that is due to a CDS-deletion and frameshift mutation. These results above reveal the molecular and metabolomic basis of impressive strong odor in wild Chinese chives.


We examined the life history of Blackbanded Darters (Percina nigrofasciata) from two streams in the Choctawhatchee River drainage, Florida, over a three-year study period. Blackbanded Darters from Turkey Creek were longer than fish from Ten Mile Creek; however, size-adjusted clutch and egg sizes were similar between populations. Larger females produced larger clutches, whereas egg size did not vary with female body size. Seasonally, clutch sizes were greater in May than in August. When contrasted with previous studies of Blackbanded Darters in Alabama and Louisiana, the reproductive season of Blackbanded Darters in Florida was unusually long, ceasing for only a few months in late fall. The reproductive season was longer in Turkey Creek than in Ten Mile Creek. Differences in thermal regime among streams may explain differences in life history traits among local and distant populations of Blackbanded Darters. This research, alone and in combination with previous studies of this species, emphasizes two main points. First, it reaffirms that life history studies based on a single locality or conducted at a single point in time may fail to capture the full range of variation in life history traits. Second, it highlights the extensive phenotypic variation found in species with broad geographic ranges. Such species lend themselves to comparative and experimental research on patterns and causes of life history variation.


The article is a part of a larger project on Cognitive Urbanism - a new discipline in the loine of young cognitive sciences. Architectural interpretation of pedestrian space would impose requirements both for zoning and landscape architecture, and on the configuration and the physical parameters of the surrounding buildings. Socio-spatial "morphotypes", micro-, meso- and macro-levels (set out in the book "Living Quarters") have proven to be useful tools for the analysis and design of pedestrian spaces. Variations of shapes and configurations "morphotypes" reflects the traditions of public life. Spatial aspect of social activity can be described by scenarios (scripting) associated with "morphotypes" according to customs, traditions and norms of behavior. The typology of "morphotypes" can provide the basis for the "scenario" design method, which ensures optimum use of urban spaces.


The conception rate and calving percentage of Nili-Ravi milk buffaloes were investigated over an one year period in the Punjab region of Pakistan. The results show prominent fluctuations over the year with absolute minima in March (calving-percentage 1.6%) and May (conception-rate 1.8%) and maxima in September (calving-percentage 15.7%) and in November (conception-rate 15.2%). These low and high points correspond with unfavourable respective favourable climatic conditions, also the common feeding situation (Nothelle, 1992) is better in autumn than in spring. Thibault and Levasseur (1974) believe that there is an inborn seasonal nature of sexual activity for nearly all mammals. This principle surely also applies to the milk buffalloes although it is confirmed in this study that the buffalo cow is a poly-oestrous animal with a regular sexual cycle all the year round. Through control led breeding, nutrition and good management it is possible to compensate for the fluctuations of conception rate and calving percentage over the entire year.


Carbon taxes create global benefits unless offset by increased emissions elsewhere. An additional carbon tax in one country may cause leakage through imports and will also increase costs by creating a wedge between economic marginal costs in different markets, causing an offsetting deadweight loss. We estimate the global benefit, carbon leakage and deadweight cost of the British Carbon Price Support (CPS) on GB's cross-border electricity trade with France and The Netherlands. Over 2015-2020 the unilateral CPS created €72±20 m/yr deadweight loss, about 31% of the initial economic value created by the interconnector, or 2.5% of the global emissions benefit of the CPS at €2.9±0.1 bn/yr. About 16.3±3.5% of the CO2 emissions reduction is undone by France and The Netherlands, the monetary loss of which is about €584±127 m/yr.


In spite of its tempestuous history, Europe managed to preserve and save the crucial elements of the urban structure of most cities which determine their urbanity. The uncontrolled growth of polycentric metropolitan areas and some attempts to demarcate new sub-centres based upon economic, demographic and transport premises only passing over the principles of urban composition characteristic of European cities, jeopardize this state of affairs. This article includes theoretical ruminations on the role of the elements of urban composition in the construction of the image of a city centre and, consequently, a sub-centre. Cracow, treated as a case study, exemplifies the historical development of a polycentric European metropolis. The final conclusions are based on these ruminations supported with the chosen example. They indicate selected elements of urban composition which developed in the European culture over a span of millenniums they are still necessary for the creation of the well-functioning centre and a sub-centre of a contemporary, polycentric European metropolis.


Electron transfer in K(np)-C(2)Cl(4) collisions, which leads to formation of both Cl(-) and C(2)Cl(4)(-) anions, is investigated as a function of target temperature over the range of 300-650 K. Measurements at high n (n approximately 30) show that the likelihood of Cl(-) production increases rapidly with temperature indicating the presence of a dissociation barrier. The data yield an activation energy of approximately 0.1 eV. A broad distribution of product C(2)Cl(4)(-) lifetimes is observed that extends from microseconds to milliseconds, this distribution moving toward shorter lifetimes as the target temperature is increased. The measured lifetimes are consistent with the predictions of quasiequilibrium theory. Studies at low n (n approximately 14) show a substantial fraction of the product K(+)-Cl(-) and K(+)-C(2)Cl(4)(-) ion pairs is electrostatically bound leading to creation of heavy-Rydberg ion-pair states. Variations in target temperature lead to changes in kinetic energy of relative motion of the reactants that can result in marked changes in the fraction of ion pairs that is bound, especially at low Rydberg atom velocities. In the case of bound K(+)-C(2)Cl(4)(-) ion pairs a few percent subsequently dissociate by the conversion of internal energy in the anion into translational energy of the ion pair. Analysis of the data points to a mean energy conversion of approximately 60-90 meV, much less than the available excess energy of reaction, approximately 0.7 eV.


The project was funded by Arts Council England and Warwick District Council.It consisted of a collaborative performance with the dancer Junior Cunningham of the Motionhouse Dance theatre. The performance was part of Medicate, the Medical Science and Art Programme, a joint venture between the Museum and Warwick University. The piece was inspired by frightening childhood memories of crossing a bridge made from ropes and wooden planks in my home country of Guyana in South America. The installation piece exaggerated the emotions one might experience on different points of a journey. The mysterious depths of the sea were evoked through sound, the movement of fabric and Junior Cunningham's physical relationship with his environment. The gallery installation, which included four garments worn by the dancer, mimicked the bottom of the sea and was created through the use of translucent satin fabrics, coloured lights and sound. Inspiration for the project was drawn from artist Caroline Broadhead, whose work addresses the body through a varies of formats including, dance installation, garments and objects. The project was promoted through a series of banners sponsored by the Arts Council to advocate projects that they have supported. The project was evaluated internally by the Arts Council peer review scheme and was witnessed by a member of their funding body. Selection for the project was through an extensive application process supported by two partners, Motionhouse Dance Company and the Royal Pumproom Art Gallery and Museum. After the performance a question and answer sessions was held for members of the general public, and a specialist dance workshop was delivered.


contingently true." But should he not regard 'gr' and 'ext' as the only variable symbols and ' C as a constant? The certainty of (3) and of (4) rest on the meaning of ' C just as the certainty of 'pv ~ p ' rests on the meaning of V and ' ~ ' in this combination. If there is a significant difference, it appears to rest on the fact that the properties of V and ' ~ ' can be expressed in truth tables but those of ' C cannot. CHARLES A. BAYLIS


Originally introduced as a neural network for ensemble learning, mixture of experts (MoE) has recently become a fundamental building block of highly successful modern deep neural networks for heterogeneous data analysis in several applications, including those in machine learning, statistics, bioinformatics, economics, and medicine. Despite its popularity in practice, a satisfactory level of understanding of the convergence behavior of Gaussian-gated MoE parameter estimation is far from complete. The underlying reason for this challenge is the inclusion of covariates in the Gaussian gating and expert networks, which leads to their intrinsically complex interactions via partial differential equations with respect to their parameters. We address these issues by designing novel Voronoi loss functions to accurately capture heterogeneity in the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) for resolving parameter estimation in these models. Our results reveal distinct behaviors of the MLE under two settings: the first setting is when all the location parameters in the Gaussian gating are non-zeros while the second setting is when there exists at least one zero-valued location parameter. Notably, these behaviors can be characterized by the solvability of two different systems of polynomial equations. Finally, we conduct a simulation study to verify our theoretical results.


as forecasting a final 'solution of the labor problem.' &dquo; &dquo;Because of the desire of many employers for exact information on the workings of these plans, and public interest in the claims made for profit sharing as a general remedy for labor difficulties, The Welfare Department of the National Civic Federation has made an extensive investigation and analysis of more than 200 plans in the United States, embodying the idea in one form or another of extra payments to labor.&dquo;


Experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) will require bright, short duration, near-monochromatic x-ray backlighters for radiographic diagnosis of many high-energy density systems. This paper details a vanadium pinhole backlighter producing (1.8±0.5)×10(15) x-ray photons into 4π sr near the vanadium He-like characteristic x-ray energy of 5.18 keV. The x-ray yield was quantified from a set of Ross filters imaged to a calibrated image plate, with the Dante diagnostic used to confirm the quasimonochromatic nature of the spectrum produced. Additionally, an x-ray film image shows a source-limited image resolution of 26 μm from a 20 μm diameter pinhole.


The absorption spectra of mols. in the mid-IR (mid-IR) region are used for mol. anal., and the 5-15m wavelength range is sometimes called the fingerprint region, as it enables specific identification of mols. Mol. anal. using a mid-IR light source is typically performed using a Fourier-Transform IR Spectroscopy (FTIR) system. The delicate and complex optical alignment of such instruments limits the miniaturization of mid-IR spectrometers and increases the cost and size of the spectrometer. To solve this problem, we have developed a more robust spectrometer that combines a thermal imaging camera with a hyperspectral filter. This Fabry-Perot filter consists of two high-reflectivity Si/air mirrors that are assembled with a slight angle, so that the gradual change in the cavity gap between the two mirrors changes the resonant frequency of the filter. The variable filter disperses the broadband mid-IR light source to different frequencies, each assigned to a different pixel in the microbolometer array. The high refractive index contrast between silicon and air provides a large free spectral range, wide enough to cover a detection range of from 7 mm to 14 mm. By using a com.
thermal imaging camera as detector and a Diesel engine glow plug as a source, we have demonstrated an inexpensive and robust spectrometer with no moving parts and rapid spectral acquisition. We present absorption spectra of various types of polymers, biomols. and drugs in the mid-IR region, obtained within 1 s, and compare these to spectra acquired with a conventional FTIR system.


Concerns about livestock animal welfare are well documented worldwide. Public attitudes are often studied as indicators of risk for the livestock industries, but are less often studied in relation to behaviours that may affect the livestock industries. The present paper examines the relationships between public attitudes, opinion leadership and self-reported pork consumption and community behaviours that may have a negative impact on livestock industries by promulgating views that farming engages in unacceptable practices. To the extent that these attitudes and behaviours are based on a lack of knowledge or a lack of understanding about the actual relationship between current practices and animal welfare and farm productivity, care needs to be exercised to determine what industry practice change should occur or what should be done to inform the public. The results showed that in regard to consumption, being male and holding positive attitudes towards eating meat and livestock welfare explained 11% of the variance in pork consumption. Notably, however, information seeking and trust in information, attitudes related to animal welfare and the livestock industries, and membership to an animal-welfare group, accounted for 44% of the variance in community behaviours that express dissatisfaction with the livestock industries. Opinion leaders, that is, people in the community who indicate that they are used by others as a source of information about livestock animal welfare, tended to eat less pork and engaged in many more community behaviours, such as calling talkback radio or writing to politicians. Together, these results suggest that more needs to be done to identify the population segment of opinion leaders and to engage them in dialogue about pork production.


The objective of the current project was to validate expression of known chromatin modification genes and assess downstream targets in d45 swine placenta derived from seasonal semen collections and breedings and semen storage. Six treatment groups were developed based upon: season of semen collection (cool or warm), storage of semen (cooled-extended or cryopreserved), and season of breeding (summer or winter) with 8 litters per group as follows: 1) cool/cooled-extended/winter, 2) cool/cryopreserved/winter, 3) warm/cryopreserved/winter, 4) warm/cooled-extended/summer, 5) warm/cooled-extended/summer, and 6) cool/cryopreserved/summer. RNA was extracted from the placenta of a small, medium, and large fetus from each litter, pooled by litter, reverse transcribed, and used for qPCR. Three genes; ATF2, ASH2L, and SMYD3, were validated. Downstream gene targets, ILIB and NANOG, were also tested. Interactions and main effects were tested using the mixed procedure of SAS with boar as a random effect. Placental ASH2L had a tendency for increased expression from summer breedings (P >0.05), similar to previous findings using a different expression platform. Placental expression of ATF2 was greatest (P< 0.05) from placenta derived by summer breedings. A downstream target of ATF2, ILIB, had greater (P< 0.05) placental expression from summer breedings and semen that was cooled-extended as compared to cryopreserved (P< 0.05). Validation of placental expression of SMYD3 was greater from cooled-extended semen in contrast to cryopreserved semen (P< 0.05). These data were unexpected, as previously we determined a difference by breeding season only. However, NANOG, downstream of SMYD3, had greater placental expression from summer breedings (P< 0.05). The current study validated previous results indicating chromatin modification genes were primarily influenced predominantly by breeding season and to a lesser extent, semen storage techniques. Downstream targets were also influenced by breeding season likely influencing prenatal development. These data support that epigenetic modifications persist, even though modern swine systems regulate and control temperature and lighting.


Considering the enormous demand for meat in people's daily lives, the development of efficient meat freshness assays is of great significance for safeguarding food safety. Here, a novel bimetallic nanozyme Fe@CeO2 with high peroxidase-like activity was first synthesized by embedding ferrocenecarboxylic acid (Fc) into hollow CeO2 nanospheres, which combined with xanthine oxidase (XOD) to develop a self-supplying H2O2-facilitated enzymatic cascade catalytic system of XOD + Fe@CeO2, yielding a meat freshness indicator hypoxanthine (Hx)-responsive colorimetric and photothermal dual-mode analytical platform for judging meat freshness upon the assistance of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). Owing to the catalytic activity of XOD to convert Hx into H2O2, Fe@CeO2 rapidly dissociated it into •OH via a peroxidase activity-triggered Fenton-like reaction, emerging a typical enzymatic cascade catalytic reaction. As a result, the colorless TMB was oxidized to be the product of dark-blue oxTMB by •OH, with a chromogenic reaction-driven absorption enhancement at 652 nm, which endowed it with a significant photothermal effect under 660 nm laser irradiation. On this basis, an Hx concentration-dependent colorimetric and photothermal dual-mode signal cascade catalytic enhancement sensing platform was proposed by integrating with a Color Picker App-installed smartphone and a 660 nm laser-equipped handheld thermal imager, achieving the onsite quantitative, reliable, and visual detection of Hx in real meat samples for judging meat freshness with acceptable results. Notably, the colorimetric and photothermal dual-mode signal cascade catalytic enhancement improved not only the reliability but also the sensitivity of the assay, which provided new insights for efficient onsite visual monitoring of meat freshness to safeguard food safety.


Three experiments examined bidirectional instrumental conditioning by training hungry rats to push a pole in one direction for food pellets and in the other for either a sugar or a starch solution. In the first study we examined whether the animals learned about the action reinforcer relations using a specific satiety procedure. Prefeeding one type of reinforcer before an extinction test selectively depressed the performance of the action that had been paired with this reinforcer during training. The second experiment investigated the sensitivity of the bidirectional actions to variations in the action-reinforcer contingencies. When the instrumental contingency was degraded by presenting unpaired reinforcers, the animals pushed less in the direction that was paired with the reinforcer type that was the same as the non-contiguous one. A third study revealed that increasing the rate of reinforcement for one action enhanced its rate of performance without significantly affecting the performance of the other action. We conclude that the effects of reinforcer devaluation, the action-outcome contingency, and the rate of reinforcement are not mediated by Pavlovian associations between the manipulandum and the reinforcer.


Since the first German edition of this book appeared in 1949 this textbook has become a standard work in the field of phoniatrics and logopedics. A second revised edition followed in 1959, and in 1965 an English edition was published under the title "Voice-SpeechLanguage" ( Wadsworth Publishing CO., Belmont, Cal. ) . Now the two authors have gone through the enormous task of bringing the text up to present-day knowledge in a third cornpletely revised German edition. The constant widening scope of laboratory research and of clinical experience in this field has made it necessary to divide the book into two volumes. Dr. R. Luchsinger, Professor at the University of Zurich, covers voice and its disorders, while speech and language are treated in the second volume by Dr. G. E. Arnold of the University of Mississippi.


An aggregate signature scheme is a digital signature scheme where anyone given n signatures on n messages from n users can aggregate all these signatures into a single short signature. Unfortunately, no "fully non-interactive" aggregate signature schemes are known outside of the random oracle heuristic; that is, signers must pass messages between themselves, sequentially or otherwise, to generate the signature. Interaction is too costly for some interesting applications.
 In this work, we consider the task of realizing aggregate signatures in the model of Gentry and Ramzan (PKC 2006) when all signers share a synchronized clock, but do not need to be aware of or interactive with one another. Each signer may issue at most one signature per time period and signatures aggregate only if they were created during the same time period. We call this synchronized aggregation.
 We present a surprisingly efficient synchronized aggregate signature scheme secure under the Computational Diffie-Hellman assumption in the standard model. Our construction is based on the stateful signatures of Hohenberger and Waters (Eurocrypt 2009). Those signatures do not aggregate since each signature includes unique randomness for a chameleon hash and those random values do not compress. To overcome this challenge, we remove the chameleon hash from their scheme and find an alternative method for moving from weak to full security that enables aggregation. We conclude by discussing applications of this construction to sensor networks and software authentication.


Polynoidae contains ~900 species within 18 subfamilies, some of them restricted to the deep sea. Macellicephalinae is the most diverse among these deep-sea subfamilies. In the abyssal Equatorial Pacific Ocean, the biodiversity of benthic communities is at stake in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCFZ) owing to increased industrial interest in polymetallic nodules. The records of polychaetes in this region are scarce. Data gathered during the JPI Oceans cruise SO239 made a significant contribution to fill this gap, with five different localities sampled between 4000 and 5000 m depth. Benthic samples collected using an epibenthic sledge or a remotely operated vehicle resulted in a large collection of polynoids. The aims of this study are as follows: (1) to describe new species of deep-sea polynoids using morphology and molecular data (COI, 16S and 18S); and (2) to evaluate the monophyly of Macellicephalinae. Based on molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses, ten subfamilies are synonymized with Macellicephalinae in order to create a homogeneous clade determined by the absence of lateral antennae. Within this clade, the Anantennata clade was well supported, being determined by the absence of a median antenna. Furthermore, 17 new species and four new genera are described, highlighting the high diversity hidden in the deep. A taxonomic key for the 37 valid genera of the subfamily Macellicephalinae is provided.


Considering the occupancy of future generation and the vulnerability of their lives in school time, it is considered being a timely requirement to assess the performance levels of school buildings for different return period earthquakes which happens without any advance notification. For this purpose, Fragility curves are developed using nonlinear finite element model of three storey type plan building developed in 'OPENSEES' computer program. The damage indices based on the inter-storey drift are evaluated for immediate occupancy and collapse prevention performance levels. Corresponding inter-storey drift ratios were obtained using static pushover analysis. Since the pushover analysis is a static analysis, it cannot take into account the effects of energy content, duration and frequency content of an accelerograme while development of fragility curves a dynamic analysis of structure under input accelerograme and then the effect of those parameters to the ultimate drift can be estimated. The corresponding drift ratios for immediate occupancy and collapse prevention performance levels are developed for past 30 earthquake records with different scale increments for each earthquake using the drift ratios obtained by resultant Pushover curves. The damage index which is close to the collapse prevention performance level is observed in the school building for an earthquake with the peak ground acceleration of 0.6g and immediate occupancy performance level for an earthquake with peak ground acceleration of 0.25g highlighting the importance of designing school buildings to resist the lateral load induced by earthquakes. According to the pushover curves, this building is weaker in longitudinal direction. By introducing a section with higher moment capacity for longitudinal beams but less than the moment capacity of the column in longitudinal direction in order to increase lateral storey stiffness, the failure of the structure can be delayed and the structure will be able to withstand higher magnitudes of earthquakes.


We elaborate the recently introduced theory of flow stress, including yield strength, in polycrystalline materials under quasi-static plastic deformations, thereby extending the case of single-mode aggregates to multimodal ones in the framework of a two-phase model which is characterized by the presence of crystalline and grain-boundary phases. Both analytic and graphic forms of the generalized Hall-Petch relations are obtained for multimodal samples with BCC ($\alpha$-phase Fe), FCC (Cu, Al, Ni) and HCP (Cu, Al, Ni) and HCP ($\alpha$-Ti, Zr) crystalline lattices at $T=300K$ with different values of the grain-boundary (second) phase. The case of dispersion hardening due to a natural incorporation into the model of a third phase including additional particles of doping materials is considered. The maximum of yield strength and the respective extremal grain size of samples are shifted by changing both the input from different grain modes and the values at the second and third phases. We study the influence of multimodality and dispersion hardening on the temperature-dimensional effect for yield strength within the range of $150-350K$.


Objectives To develop an evidence-based paediatric early warning system (PEWS) for use in a specialist children's hospital. Methods The five stages of the change management research framework were utilised: Local: ward charts were collected for content analysis. Focus groups explored routine observation and monitoring practices. Grounded theory and triangulation were used for qualitative analysis of the focus group discussions. National: structured telephonic survey to identify existing practices that could be adapted or learned from. International: literature review to identify standards and rationale behind routine physiological observations. A multiprofessional working party correlated the data into an observation and monitoring policy and contributed to the standardised observation chart design. Results Identified unsubstantiated practices with multiple charts being used, which were synthesised into three standardised charts. Two observation and monitoring policies were identified, which were not able to be adapted. Literature review—four publications identified including National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence guidance. Iterative process through the working party achieved 90–100% consensus on standards and guidance. The PEWS consists of: an observation and monitoring policy; the first validated PEWS score embedded into standardised observation and fluid balance charts; response algorithm; audit, evaluation and an education programme for bedside carers. Conclusions Standardising the way bedside carers observe, monitor and document important clinical parameters requires a fundamental cultural change. This service development project utilised a multimodal approach to the development, pilot and refinement of a PEWS that engaged clinical staff at all levels to improve the quality and safety of hospitalised children at Birmingham Children's Hospital.


Security and stability of educational administration system in university is an important guarantee for information construction and orderly operation of teaching. Based on the analysis of university academic management system and characteristics of information security, this paper firstly analyses the current mainstream of information security model, and the college educational administration online timetable system, query results system, test management system and teaching system, then this paper establishes a whole work model on the basis of intrusion detection techniques and proposes to establish a data warehouse of intrusion detection. Furthermore, it collects agreement packet with sniffed tool and inputs the data packet into data warehouse, so it can deal with data by data mining techniques and founding the invasion actions of the innovational administrative system. Ultimately, we can establish an efficient and stable system to protect educational administration, and provide useful suggestions for universities' educational administration information security.


Common target setting for thin layer flow problem is considered in the article. Due to pressure from thin layer to contact area is defined per simple integration main task of that problem is cinematic definition of current line and area boundary. Flow equation is researched in automodel solution class. That is meant such solution of nonlinear partial derivative equation whose type is determined per integration of some ordinary differential equations.


The Cedar Hills, an area of about 320 square miles in central Utah between the northern end of the Wasatch Plateau and the southern end of the Wasatch Mountains, form the boundary zone between the Colorado plateaus and the Great Basin. The oldest exposed rocks are Carboniferous, but most of the area is underlain by Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary continental sediments many thousands of feet thick. The Indianola group, about 15,000 feet thick, consists principally of coarse conglomerates and sandstones indicative of near-by orogeny and contains a tongue of fossiliferous marine sandstones showing that it is of Colorado age. This group is overlain unconformably by thick fluviatile and lacustrine deposits ranging from Montana to Eocene in age (Price River, North Horn, Flagstaff, Colton, and Green River formations), which in turn are overlain unconformably by probably late Tertiary pyroclastics. The area was subjected to come pressive orogenic disturbances in middle Cretaceous, upper Cretaceous (Montana), and probably middle Tertiary time, and to the normal faulting of the Basin-Range disturbance in late Tertiary time.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the phylogenetics and prevalence of bloodstream infections with Escherichia coli ST131, the antimicrobial resistance profiles of the pathogens, and the clinical features.

METHODS
Non-duplicate Escherichia coli isolates were collected from 144 patients with bloodstream infections in our hospital between January and December, 2016.The phylogenetic groups of the isolates were analyzed using multiplex PCR, and O serotyping of ST131 strains was performed by allele-specific PCR.The clinical characteristics of the 144 patients were analyzed to define the differences in the clinical features between patients with ST131 infection and those with non-ST131 infection.Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined using the Vitek 2 compact system.

RESULTS
The phylogenetic group analysis showed a domination by group B2 (41.0%[59/144]), followed by group F, group B1 and group E, which accounted for 16.7%(24/144), 13.9%(20/144), and 13.2% (19/144), respectively.Nine strains (6.3%) of Escherichia coli were identified to be ST131 strains, among which 8 were O25b-B2-ST131 strains and 1 was O16-B2-ST131 strain.Of the 9 cases of ST131 infection, 7(77.8%) were found to occur in a nosocomial setting.The demographic characteristics and clinical features of the ST131-infected patients were similar to those of non-ST131-infected patients.ST131 strains were sensitive to piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, ertapenem, and amikacin, but showed high resistance rates to cefazolin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gentamicin, and trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole (all over 50%).The positivity rate of ESBLs in the ST131 strains was 77.8%, and the multidrug resistance rate reached 88.9%, which was higher than that of non-ST131 isolates, but the difference was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS
The most common phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli isolates from patients with bloodstream infections are group B2 and F, and the positivity rate of ST131 is low.We for the first time detected O16-ST131 in patients with blood-borne infections in China.The clinical features of ST131-infected patients are similar to those of non-ST131-infected patients.The positivity rate of ESBLs and the multidrug resistance rate are high in ST131 strains, which may raise concerns in the future.


In this paper, the design of a triode-type magnetically tunable magnetron injection gun (MT-MIG) is presented for 1-MW 110-, 120-, and 127.5-GHz-frequency gyrotrons with the various operating modes. Some basic equations relevant to the problem available in the literature have been used to obtain the preliminary design. Computer simulation has been performed by using the commercially available code EGUN. The triode-type MT-MIG with the accelerating voltage of 80 kV, the beam current of 40 A, the average transverse-to-axial velocity ratio of the electron beam of 1.26-1.35, and the maximum transverse velocity spread of less than 5% has been designed. Tuning of the MT-MIG is performed by varying the magnetic field.


Distributed video coding (DVC) is a coding paradigm that gives the decoder the task to exploit the source statistics to achieve efficient compression. Many approaches to the DVC problem have recently appeared in the literature, including the PRISM codec. Instead of encoding the deterministic quantized prediction error residual, PRISM partitions the quantization lattice into cosets and sends the index of the coset each quantized coefficient belongs to. Estimating the number of cosets is of crucial importance to achieve good coding efficiency. In PRISM, this is determined during an offline training phase. The present work aims at being a starting point for the suppression of the training stage of PRISM at the cost of sending the number of cosets for each DCT coefficient. The statistics of the number of cosets are analyzed to figure out the maximum compression efficiency achievable by entropy coding. Furthermore the paper discusses some techniques that might be used to lower the amount of transmitted bits. Based on these results, directions for future works are proposed


Cloud Computing is widely accepted as a provider of virtual resources over the Internet, it is due to its economical and technical benefits, such as on-demand self-service, resource pooling and rapid elasticity capabilities. To exploit these properties reliably, it is needed to automate their internal processes for application provisioning, configuration and management. One of the standards that has been developed in the last years with this aim is the Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications (TOSCA) by OASIS. TOSCA is a standard which enables application developers to describe applications and their management as models that incorporate components and their relations among each other. Due to the emerging of new fields such as the Internet of Things, Industry 4.0 and the upcoming Fog Computing paradigm, which depend more and more on dynamically changing situations and therefore reconfiguration of applications in such a scenario, a systematic modelling approach which handles situational dependencies directly in the models of these applications is needed. The goal of the thesis is to identify suitable modeling concepts from the field of contextaware systems and apply one of these on the TOSCA language to incorporate the inherent nature of change of future applications in the field of Cloud/Fog Computing, Internet of Things and Industry 4.0.


Sepsis, an overwhelming inflammatory response syndrome secondary to infection, is one of the costliest and deadliest medical conditions worldwide. Neutrophils are classically considered to be essential players in the host defense against invading pathogens. However, several investigations have shown that impairment of neutrophil migration to the site of infection, also referred to as neutrophil paralysis, occurs during severe sepsis, resulting in an inability of the host to contain and eliminate the infection. On the other hand, the neutrophil antibacterial arsenal contributes to tissue damage and the development of organ dysfunction during sepsis. In this review, we provide an overview of the main events in which neutrophils play a beneficial or deleterious role in the outcome of sepsis.


Background and Purpose: Iran as a vast country has different people and customs containing valuable trove of traditional medicine preserved over the generations and achieving them could be possible only through questionnaires and their using method should be asked from different Ethnic groups. Ethnobotanical study is a new valuable guide to identify medicinal plants and herbal medicines. The aim of this study is to identify and evaluate ethnobotany of some of the Birjand city medicinal plants widely used by local people in the treatment and prevention of diseases. Methods and Materials: The research method is based on field surveys, beliefs and local people traditions and documentary studies. Introduced species from different areas, according to local people. Species were collected from different parts of Birjand city, detected using reliable resources and then dried as herbarium specimens. For each species, the scientific name, local name, current treatment of plant and used parts was designed. Results: The results of this study were 36 species of medicinal plants in 22 families. The highest number of species were identified in Family Asteraceae and Lamiaceae, each of them including 5species. The Most used part of the plants in this study was leaf. and the appliance of the used herbs was in gastrointestinal and urinary disorders. The majority of identified medicinal plants, were rangeland species. Conclusion: Given the diversity of medicinal plants in the region and the importance of medicinal plants used in the pharmaceutical industry in the country, it is better to protect these valuable resources therefore proper operations should be done to prevent their loss and extinction.


This study was to investigate the housewives` purchase behaviors on the environment-friendly agricultural products (EFAP) by survey in Daejeon area housewives. 390 questionnaires were used and analysed. Most of the subjects were female (92.6%) distributed evenly in their 40`s (55.4%), and graduated from high school (43.6%) or college (36.4%). Subjects` occupation was most housewives (64.1%) and 77.4% of the subjects had monthly family income of 2 million won or more. 76.9% of the subjects had purchased EFAP already. The reason of purchasing EFAP was mainly "good for health" (80.3%), and reason for non-purchasing was "high prices" (28%) or "not so trustworthy" (25.6%). The most purchasing frequency was "once a week" (29%). 46.7% of the subjects spent 20% of their agricultural product cost for EFAP and 38.7% of them spent less than 30,000 won per month for EFAP. On checking of EFAP labeling, the housewives scored 3.59 for the validate date, 3.25 for the place of origin, 2.8 for the quality certification mark by 4-point Likert scale. 65.1% of the subject had intention to increase purchasing of EFAP in future. To promote the consumption of EFAP, the improvement factors were price-cutting (47.9%), trust on producers (18.2%) and quality betterment (17.7%). Accordingly, the consumers prefer EFAP for wellbeing health of families; however, they hesitate to buy due to their high price and the low reliability on producers of EFAP. Thus the producers and the related organization of EFAP should contrive proper countermeasures to increase consumer`s satisfaction level on their credibility and price of EFAP. (Korean J Community Nutr 16(3) : 386~397, 2011)


This paper presents an optimization framework for a load aggregator with electric energy storage (EES) to determine its net imported power in electricity markets. The EES is operated by the load aggregator. The imported power from both day-ahead and real-time markets is a combination of the load and the EES power charging and discharging. The load aggregator's objective is to minimize its energy cost by scheduling the imported power in the day-ahead market and determining the imported power during operation in the real-time balancing market. The flexible operation of the EES is the tool for achieving this goal. Forecasted price and load are used to determine the optimal scheduling and operation to minimize the energy cost. In the day-ahead market, a load aggregator uses the proposed method to determine the schedule of the imported power in each period with the day-ahead forecasted price and load. During real-time operation, the discrepancies caused by the forecast errors are settled in the real-time balancing market. Model Predictive Control (MPC)-based algorithm is used to determine its imported power in balancing market by using the most updated price and load forecast over a receding horizon. Results from two case studies with stationary EES and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV)' batteries respectively using the proposed method are presented to demonstrate the energy cost savings.


THE SMALL intestine has a remarkable ability to withstand interruption of its blood supply. The distribution and anastomoses of its vessels appear to be responsible for its great revascularizing potential, and it has been generally assumed that the peculiar arcuate system of the intestinal tract is the chief factor in overcoming vascular deprivations. Considerable experimental effort has been devoted to determining the degree of vascular interruption which is compatible with life, yet the exact mode by which compensation takes place has not been clearly established. The literature pertinent to these studies may be discussed under two categories—(1) anatomic studies and (2) experimental mesenteric vascular interruption and revascularization of the intestine. ANATOMIC STUDIES Morphologic reports on the larger vessels of the small intestine are in accord, but many discrepancies appear in descriptions of the vasa recta and the vessels within the intestinal wall. Much of the confusion doubtless arises from the


The remaining essays range over a wide field. Professor Kurt Bittel writes on the Alamannia relief at Nicaea (Bithynia) and illustrates it by 24 photographs. Dr. Eva-Maria Bossert considers the dating of Cycladic graves at Arkesine on Amorgos, originally published by F. Dtimmler in 1886, one of which yielded a bronze halberd blade; Dr. Bossett assigns the graves to the Middle Cycladic I period and then enters on a detailed discussion of early trade connexions between the East and West Mediterranean. Lastly, the Editor contributes a substantial paper on the Urnfield Culture in South-West Europe, running to 58 pages, 16 text-figures, and two plates, followed by an appendix on the distribution and chronology of certain Celtic place-names, written by Helmut Rix and illustrated by three instructive distribution maps. J. G. D. CLARK


Background: Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) is the most frequent nutritional deficiency in the world and it is most prevalent in African countries including Nigeria. In pregnant women, IDA is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Aim: This study was to determine the prevalence and some associated risk factors for IDA in the third trimester. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study involving 88 women in the third trimester of pregnancy attending Antenatal Clinic (ANC) of Federal Medical Centre in Nguru, Yobe State, North-East, Nigeria. Complete Blood Count (CBC) and serum ferritin were analysed and relation of serum ferritin with some variables were determined. Results: The mean age, parity, last child birth, haematocrit and ferritin of the study participants were 26.72±6.12years, 3.58±3.43, 1.89`±1.85 years, 32.51±7.41% and 68.87±151.88ng/ml respectively. Overall prevalence of anaemia was 22/88(25%) with the prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) being 53/88(60.2%); 10/88(11.4%) had IDA while ID without anaemia was present in 43/88(48.9%). There were no statistically significant correlations between maternal ferritin levels and age, surprisingly to note that ferritin levels were not significantly associated with parity, LCB and GA. Conclusion: We concluded that there was a high burden of third trimester ID among the study population. Maternal age and other assessed risk factors do not have any relationships with third trimester ferritin levels.


Introduction For advanced ovarian cancer, the prognosis remains poor in spite of real advances in treatment. Reported 5-year survival rates range between 15 and 20% (1). Analysis of ovarian cancer mortality rates over the past 10 years reveal an increase from approximately 16/100,000 in 1981 to at present a rate of 22/ 100,000 cases (2). Ovarian cancer is a tumor that has demonstrated chemosensitivity, with overall response rates of 60-80% reported, but in spite of this encouraging response rate, treatment is complicated by frequent relapses from therapy. The cellular mechanisms by which ovarian and other cancers escape eradication by chemotherapy are collectively termed drug resistance. One can consider drug resistance as being expressed in two principal forms: absolute or irreversible resistance, or relative resistance. While absolute resistance cannot be overcome by any dose level of drug, relative resistance refers to resistance which may be overcome by manipulations of dose or schedule of drug administration. Manipulations of dose and, to some extent schedule, have long been demonstrated to be of value in the treatment of hematological cancers. Recently, the value of induction and late intensification have been demonstrated in the treatment of some forms of acute leukemia (3). In advanced ovarian cancer, efforts to overcome this emerging drug resistance have largely focused on dose escalation. A seminal article by Levin and Hryniuk (74) analyzed retrospectively the role of dose intensity in the treatment of this disease. They defined dose intensity as the amount of drug delivered divided by the time of administration. A total of 33 trials of combination chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer were analyzed, both cisplatin and non-cis-platinum based. Based on drug doses received, relative dose intensity achieved, they were able to demonstrate a statistically significantly conelation between increasing dose intensity of cisplatin and both response rate and overall survival. Analysis of the dose intensity of other drugs such as cyclophosphamide and Adriamycin failed to reveal a significant correlation between increasing dose intensity and overall response. The majority of patients in this analysis were suboptimally debulked stage III and IV patients,


This paper describes the realization of 13,56MHz spiral antenna for RFID applications on A4 format substrate by an inline inkjet printing process. The first step consists on the printing of five loops of 20% nano-silver ink in a standard class 1 size. An intermediate inline drying step using variable frequency microwave allows the stacking of several silver layers. Else; an interconnecting bridge between the two sides of the spiral antenna is printed on the top of an insulating layer, also fabricated inline using a second printing head. After pasting an adequate chip, the RFID tag is read at a distance of 70mm and has a tuning frequency of 16.2MHz. The magnetic activation field of the tag is measured at 390mA/m by a standard test method and is similar to the performance achieved by commercial RFID tags fabricated by traditional technics.


Contents Introduction 2 1. Homology theory, cycle map, and Kato complex 6 2. Vanishing theorem 10 3. Bertini theorem over a discrete valuation ring 14 4. Surjectivity of cycle map 17 5. Blowup formula and moving lemma 19 6. Proof of main theorem 21 7. Applications of main theorem 23 References 25 1 2 SHUJI SAITO AND KANETOMO SATO


To the Editor:

Etanercept is a recombinant tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) receptor immunoglobulin fusion protein. Its anti-TNF properties have gained approval for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile RA, psoriatic arthritis (PsA), Crohn's disease, and ankylosing spondylitis1. Etanercept binds specifically to TNF and blocks its interaction with surface TNF receptors. It inhibits binding of both TNF-α and TNF-β to cell-surface TNF receptors, making TNF biologically inactive. Etanercept also modulates biological responses that are induced or regulated by TNF, including expression of adhesion molecules responsible for leukocyte migration, serum levels of cytokines, and serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-3.

Data demonstrate a…


Study Design Prospective in vivo toxicity study. Purpose To evaluate the conducted acute toxicity study of Escherichia coli (E. coli)-derived recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) with 6-weeks old Sprague-Dawley rats. Overview of Literature rhBMP-2 has well-known osteoinductivity and it is used as a bone graft substitute. E. coli-derived rhBMP-2 can be mass-produced with relatively low costs. E. coli-derived rhBMP-2 facilitates osteoblastic differentiation and bone formation in vitro and in vivo. However, studies regarding side effects or toxicity of E. coli-derived rhBMP-2 have not been published. Thus, we conducted the acute toxicity study of E. coli-derived rhBMP-2 on 6-weeks old Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods One mg of BMP-2 was diluted in 0.285 mL of glycine buffer to prepare high BMP-2 concentrations (3.5 mg/mL). Intermediate (0.9 mg/mL) or low (0.35 mg/mL) concentrations of BMP-2 solution was prepared by serial dilutions. The compound was administrated at a dose of 0, 0.7, 1.8, 7 mg/kg by single intravenous injection to five of male and female rats. After the injection, the gross general observations including changes of body weight and histopathological analysis was performed for 14 days. Results No animal was found dead during the experiment and the body weight changes were both statistically insignificant in the control and experimental groups. No abnormal sign was shown in general observations and autopsy examinations. Conclusions Thus, the lethal dose of E. coli-derived rhBMP-2 should be higher than 7 mg/kg with a single intravenous injection.


The temperature induced response of long-span cable-stayed bridge in cantilever state is significant, which is of great interest to study the temperature characteristics during construction period. A method of analyzing the eigenvalue and its extremum of daily temperature based on cubic spline function (CSF) is proposed. By setting the fixed time interval reasonably, introducing variable time interval and extracting nodes at the MinMax of daily temperature, the obtained CSF can approach the measured temperature curve with high accuracy. Based on CSF, the temperature characteristics at three levels of measuring point, section and component are analyzed in turn. The temperature monitoring data of a cable-stayed bridge with main span of 938 m and side span of steel-concrete composited box girder (CBG) during construction are analyzed. The results show that the temperature variation of steel box girder is remarkable; the steel beam of CBG is similar to steel box girder before composited, and it turns stable after composited; the influence of PE color on cable temperature is notable than that of the cable specification; as blue PE cable, the temperature difference of cable vs pylon and cable vs CBG exceed 17°C and 13°C.


A methodology for calculating strains that accompany mining is used to estimate the post-mining modification of the hydraulic conductivity field and the change in the regional and local subsurface water system. The techniques yield reasonable agreement with recorded changes in water levels for reasonable and defensible choices of material parameters in validation exercises at an instrumented longwall site. Water level changes recorded above the twin panel longwall configuration are complex and varied. However, they may be explained through consideration of the mining-modified conductivity field alone. Changes in hydraulic conductivity are independently corroborated from the results of in situ permeability tests, conducted before and after mining, that confirm the overall influence of mining-induced strains. These resulting patterns of hydraulic conductivity enhancement enable direct explanation of observed water level changes.


In the present work, pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique was applied to a pellet of Chromium Oxide (99.999% pure) with 2.5 cm diameter and 3 mm thickness at a pressure of 5 Tons using a Hydraulic piston. The films were deposited using Nd: YAG laser λ= (4664) nm at 600 mJ and 400 number of shot on a glass substrate, The thickness of the film was (107 nm). Structural and morphological analysis showed that the films started to crystallize at annealing temperature greater than 400 oC. Absorbance and transmittance spectra were recorded in the wavelength range (300-4400) nm before and after annealing. The effects of annealing temperature on absorption coefficient, refractive index, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant were also study. It was found that all these parameters decrease as the annealing temperature increased to 500 °C, while the energy gap after annealing increase from 3.4 eV to 3.85 eV.


This paper outlines the findings of the research where the central idea is to define the term knowledge society (KS) in Malaysian context. The research focuses on three important dimensions, namely knowledge, ICT and human capital. This study adopts a modified Delphi technique to seek the important dimensions that can contribute to the development of Malaysian's KS. The Delphi technique involved ten experts in a five-round iterative and controlled feedback procedure to obtain consensus on the important dimensions and to verify the proposed definition of KS. The finding shows that all three dimensions proposed initially scored high and moderate consensus. Round one (R1) proposed an initial definition of KS and required comments and inputs from the panel. These inputs were then used to develop items for an R2 questionnaire. In R2, 56 out of 73 items scored high consensus, and in R3, 63 out of 90 items scored high. R4 was conducted to re-rate the new items, in which eight out of 17 items scored high. Other items scored moderate consensus and no item scored low or no consensus in all rounds. The final round (R5) was employed to verify the final definition of KS. The findings and discovery of this study are significant to the definition of KS and the development of a framework in the Malaysian context.


Objective: The aim of this study is to give ergonomists the brief summary of the recently published ISO standards on human-system interaction and tips for application of the standards. Background: Standard developers did hard work on developing a standard in a concise manner. But most of standards are often bulky in volume. Readers of the standards are difficult to catch key points from the voluminous contents of standards and intermingle among them. Method: Focused on newly developed display/control technology, this study reviewed the 4 ISO standards on human-system interaction published during 2008-2013 and summarized key points from them. Results: Schematic diagrams and tables concisely illustrated the processes, procedures, dimensions, or best practices recommended by the standards concerning conception, design, and usability testing for consumer products. Conclusion: The standards provided the minimum level of requirements on design and evaluation on the physical input devices, electronic displays, and control interfaces based on the current state of technology. But the minimum requirements specified in the standards nowadays become mandatory ergonomic requirements in global trade world. Application: Ergonomists can take a quick and broad view on international standardization activities on newly developed display/control technology from this summary study.


The spectrum of energy levels in 70Ga was investigated by Morozow and Yampolskij [1] and, more systematically, by Rester, Durham and Class [2] who employed the 70Zn[p,n]70Ga reaction and deduced 4 excited levels in 70Ga from the study of conversion electrons and gamma-rays. The present contribution contains the experimental information on the locations of levels in 70Ga which was obtained mainly in a 69Ga[d,p]70Ga reaction investigation at Ed = 7.1 MeV in which the proton groups were observed with a moderate energy resolution. In addition information about levels in 72Ga is given in the appendix. A study on the deexcitation of levels reached by the 70Zn[p,nγ]70Ga process is also presented. Here the gamma-rays were observed with Ge-Li detectors.


The first reported case of epidermoid cyst of the spleen appeared in 1929. 19 This represents only one variety of Fowler's classification of 265 recorded cases (to May, 1952) of splenic cysts. 6 Fowler's pathogenic classification of nonparasitic benign cysts follows: I. Primary with cellular lining; component endothelium 1. Congenital 2. Traumatic 3. Inflammatory ( a ) Infoliation cysts ( b ) Dilatation cysts: lymphangiectatic, polycystic disease 4. Neoplastic cysts (also congenital) ( a ) Epidermoid ( b ) Dermoid } noncomponent, epithelium ( c ) Lymphangioma ( d ) Benign, cavernous, and capillary hemangioma II. Secondary; no cellular lining 1. Traumatic (blood and serous types) 2. Degenerative (liquefaction) 3. Inflammatory (necrosis, tuberculosis) Report of Case A woman aged 33, secundipara, secundigravida, first became aware of soreness in her left rib cage on washing windows, in February, 1950. She was examined at that time, and it was thought that an enlarged spleen was palpable. A K. U. B. film was obtained, which demonstrated


Endodontic Pain if occurs after few hours or days after the treatment indicates a poor pathosis and a bad prognosis in long term, due to this a newer generation of instruments for canal treatment has been introduced from Ni-Ti alloy which has even better ability to shape narrow and curved root canals, without causing aberration. To compare the mean postoperative pain score after manual SS (stainless steel) K-files and mechanical Ni-Ti rotary path files in patients with irreversible pulpitis. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Department of Operative Dentistry, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi. Period: 6 months from 01-10-2017 to 30-03-2018. Materials and Methods: Total 60 patients of irreversible pulpitis with moderate pain score ≥5 were included and divided equally in manual stainless-steel k-files and mechanical Ni-Ti rotary path files groups. Treatment was started with local anesthesia. Patients were recalled after 24 hours and the level of postoperative pain was examined. T-test was applied to compare the outcome in both groups. Stratification was done using t-test and P value ≤0.05 was significantly considered. Results: The mean pre-treatment VAS in group-A and group-B was 7.16±1.44 and 7.86±1.38 respectively. Mean post-treatment VAS in group-A and group-B was 2.33±1.02 and 1.10±0.66 respectively. A significant difference between the pre and post op pain was noted between the two groups, when compared after 24hours by using VAS. Conclusion: Mean post-operative pain score was significantly less with NiTi rotary path files as compare to manual stainless steel K-files.


The subject of continental ledges has recently been brought into prominence in Europe and America by Prof. Hull, Prof. J.W. Spencer, and others; it is one in which attention to details has revealed many surprising results, which have modified our conception of the relation of land to sea, with the host of cognate problems. I offer the present contribution on the same subject, with the object of further emphasizing the importance of such investigations; for in South Africa we have the same set of phenomena, although we are able to study the movement in quite a different phase from that in which we find it in Europe and along the eastern coast of North America. The writings of the above-mentioned authors, together with those of Prof. J. Geikie, Prof. A. Issel, and Prof. W. C. Brögger, have made the subject so familiar of recent years, that I need not enter into a discussion of the general principles involved. Suffice it to say that, as the land rises, there are set-backs which allow the wash of the breakers to cut level plateaux of marine denudation ; when a maximum elevation is reached, the land sinks and these ledges or fringing plateaux can be traced in the soundings set down on charts of the coast.In Europe, the first to draw attention to the subject were Godwin-Austen and De la Beche; and since then, the surveys for the submarine cables have furnished the information for a very complete statement of the occurrence in


SUMMARY

The traveltimes of underside shear wave reflections (i.e. SS precursors) are widely used data for mapping the topography of mantle discontinuities in the upper mantle. Here, we examine the accuracy of ray theory in estimating the contribution of shear velocity heterogeneity in the mantle to SS–S400S, SS–S670S and S400S–S670S traveltimes. We analyse stacks of spectral-element method waveforms computed for 34 shallow earthquakes and 16 020 globally distributed virtual seismometers. The waveforms are computed for three versions of shear velocity model S20RTS with variable strengths of the volumetric shear velocity perturbations within the layered structure of the Preliminary Reference Earth Model. We find that ray-theoretical corrections account for only 50 per cent of the traveltime variation due to large-scale velocity heterogeneity. For current tomographic models, as represented by S20RTS, this translates into unpredictable long- and short-wavelength errors in maps of mantle discontinuity depths of about 5 km. This amounts to roughly 10 per cent of published variations in mantle discontinuity depths. However, relative errors will be significantly larger if ray-theoretical traveltime corrections are based on (forthcoming) models of shear velocity with much stronger heterogeneity at the smallest scales.


Despite their high accuracy, deep neural networks' main disadvantage is their lack of transparency, interpretability and explainability. This has prevented them from being widely used in safety and security critical systems, for example, healthcare. There have been many attempts to interpret neural networks via rule extraction. However, the existing algorithms either do not take into account the entire structure of the network, are not applicable on deep neural networks, or are very time and memory expensive. This thesis introduces a scalable, decompositional rule extraction algorithm, which can extract simple, easy to understand IF-THEN rules from deep neural networks and can deal with the multi-class classification problems. The extracted rules approximate the network's behaviour and explain its output layer in terms of the input features. The algorithm was applied in the healthcare domain, where explainability is crucial. It was tested on a data set of breast cancer patients (METABRIC), and evaluated on two tasks of binary and multi-class classification problems. The algorithm's performance was compared to two baselines: pedagogical C5.0 and the decompositional algorithm DeepRED. As expected, the pedagogical baseline outperformed both decompositional algorithms in time and memory complexity, number of extracted rules and their average length. However, our algorithm provided more accurate rules with a higher level of fidelity than the pedagogical baseline. Our algorithm also outperformed the decompositional baseline DeepRED in all perspectives. Math. Subj. Class. (2010): 68T99


Interactive learning environments such as videogames may facilitate learning through engagement. However, not all kinds of engagement are relevant to learning in formal education; much depends on the use of pedagogical approaches and videogames in the classroom. This study investigates a curricular unit in an upper secondary class using the commercial videogame The Walking Dead to teach ethical theories in a citizenship course. We focus on how the teacher's design of the lesson facilitated students' disciplinary engagement and find that productive disciplinary engagement (PDE) principles, together with dialogic interactions, extended students' engagement beyond gameplay and helped them understand the meaning of the theoretical content. Based on our findings, we propose a set of recommendations concerning educational design for teaching and learning with commercial videogames.


The aim of this work is to develop a green route for platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) biosynthesized using Cordyceps flower extract and to evaluate their antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity. Different characterization techniques were utilized to characterize the biosynthetic PtNPs. The results showed that PtNPs were spherical particles covered with Cordyceps flower extract. The average particle size of PtNPs in Dynamic Light Scattering was 84.67 ± 5.28 nm, while that of PtNPs in Transmission Electron Microscope was 13.34 ± 4.06 nm. Antioxidant activity of PtNPs was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging ability test. The results showed that the antioxidant activity was positively correlated with the concentration of PtNPs, the DPPH scavenging efficiency of PtNPs (0.50–125.00 μg/mL) was 27.77–44.00%. In addition, the morphological changes of four kinds of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) exposed to PtNPs were observed by scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of PtNPs against Gram-negative bacteria was stronger than that of Gram-positive bacteria.


Intracranial hemorrhage associated with brain tumors is rate, but when present, it is often seen in malignant tumors such as glioblastoma and metastasis, and in meningiomas. Hemangioblastomas, benign vascular tumors, rarely develop fatal intracerebral hemorrhage. We thus documented an uncommon case of cerebellar hemangioblastoma associated with massive hemorrhage, the cause of which was thoroughly examined during autopsy. A 69-year-old man was transferred to our Service because of swallowing disturbance and dysarthria. The patient was known to have a cerebellar hemangioblastoma and hydrocephalus, for which VP shunt had been placed. Two weeks after admission he suddenly became comatose and eventually died of progressive herniation. At autopsy it was shown that the brain was edematous and covered with subarachnoid blood clots. The tumor was found involving the cerebellar vermis and the right hemisphere, protruding upward from the superior surface of the cerebellum. Horizontal sections through the cerebellum disclosed a well circumscribed tumor with adjacent hematomas involving the vermis and brain stem. The pathological diagnosis was hemangioblastoma and varix-like abnormal vessels were observed within the tumor. The sites of hematoma and tumor adjacent to the tentorial incisura and the history of VP shunting may suggest that upward herniation played a significant role in rupture of the abnormal vessels, which then led to the devastating hemorrhage in this particular case.


In this study, the effect of obestatin (23 amino acid peptide) on testosterone secretion in vitro, in the rat testis was observed. For this purpose, two different doses of obestatin (10 -9 M and 10 -8 M) were used alone and in combination with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in fasting and fed conditions in two age groups. Fasting induced a significant reduction in body weight (p < 0.05) and plasma testosterone concentrations (0.001). hCG stimulated testosterone secretions were significantly (p < 0.05) high as compared to the basal control testosterone concentrations after 90 min in some groups and 180 min of incubation in all groups. Obestatin at the dose of 10 -9 M alone and in combination with hCG failed to change testosterone concentrations in all groups; however, 10 -8 M obestatin significantly (p < 0.05) induced hCG stimulated testosterone concentrations in both normally fed pre-pubertal and adult rats. No significant difference was noticed in 48 h fasted groups. This data suggests that, obestatin is a positive modulator of testosterone secretion and its effect depends upon the nutritional status of the body. Key words : Obestatin, testosterone, rats, in vitro.


The "capacitive mixing" (CAPMIX) technique is aimed at the extraction of energy from the salinity difference between the sea and rivers. It is based on the voltage rise that takes place at the electrodes when changing the salt concentration of the solution in which the two electrodes are dipped. In this paper, we focus on activated carbon electrodes, produced with various methods and treatments, and we measure their behaviour in CAPMIX experiments. We find that they behave as polarizable electrodes only on time scales of the order of minutes, while on longer time scales they tend to move to a specific "spontaneous" potential, likely due to chemical redox reactions. This analysis sheds light on the charge leakage, i.e. the loss of the stored charge due to undesired chemical reactions, which is one of the main hurdles of the CAPMIX technique when performed with activated carbon electrodes. We show that the leakage finds its origin in the tendency of the electrode to move to its spontaneous potential. Our investigation allows us to completely get rid of the leakage and demonstrates the striking result that CAPMIX cycles can be performed without an external power supply.


Recombinant rhamnogalacturonase A from Aspergillus aculeatus has been crystallized and X-ray diffraction data has been collected. Crystals were grown by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion technique, under the conditions 10% PEG 8000, 0.05 M KH(2)PO(4) and 0.1 M sodium acetate buffered at pH 3.5. The crystals diffract beyond 2.0 A resolution and belong to one of the orthorhombic space groups I2(1)2(1)2(1) or I222, with the unit-cell parameters a = 62.9, b = 125.4 and c = 137.0 A. There is one molecule in the asymmetric unit and a solvent content of approximately 54%. The enzyme is highly glycosylated corresponding to 5.9 kDa.


Recently there has been a lot of discussion about the role that the immune system plays in infertility. The immune system generally works to protect the body from foreign cells and bacteria. Sometimes though problems within the immune system prevent it from working. Many couples facing infertility issues may actually have immune system dysfunction which is preventing them from conceiving .luckily new. tests are now available to pinpoint these immune factors in infertility properly. prospective study was carried out in the infertility clinic of Azadi teaching hospital in Kirkuk city from January 2007 to January 2009.The study included 155 male with primary or secondary infertility with abnormal seminal fluid analysis specifically decreased motility of the sperms (asthenospermia), their ages ranged from(18-55)years. The entire patients included in the study have been proved to be infertile as they fail to conceive after a year of regular intercourse without contraception. All patients were subjected to a special questionnaire used for analytical purposes; both blood and the seminal fluid samples of all were examined for presence of antisperm antibodies. the study showed that 75 patients (48.4%) out of 155 patients showed a positive antisperm antibody (ASA ) which is statistically significance (P value 0.04), 55 patients (73.3% ) from those with positive results showed ASA in their serum, while 20 patients (26.6%) of them showed ASA in their seminal fluids which showed is also statistically significance (P value 0.03) in conclusion the study shows that an antisperm antibody has an impact on asthenospermia and infertility.


In previous studies we observed gamma (30-150 Hz) and beta-1 (10-20 Hz) oscillations in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) using subdural electrodes. The beta-1 was present during wake and REM sleep while gamma was present in all states. Recently we studied a patient (35 years M) with electrodes attached to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). This structure showed regular theta (5-6 Hz) oscillations. In the first recording, electrodes were attached to the MTL, that demonstrated the beta-1 and gamma oscillations. Two months later, electrodes were placed on orbitofrontal and ACC and an all night sleep recording was carried out. The ACC exhibited a highly regular and continuous theta oscillation during wakefulness and REM sleep, but not during NREM sleep. Since this same subject showed beta-1 oscillations in the MTL, it is probable that the theta in the ACC is independent of beta-1 in the MTL. This single case suggests the existence of two different frequency oscillators in the human limbic system. Elucidating their functional roles will be an interesting challenge for future studies.


o manage the progressive complexities of our health care system, our health care community needs to ensure a constant pipeline of strong leaders. After all, a key trait of successful organisa-tions is their ability to embrace change and deal with complexities. 3 After studying 160 companies from 40 varied industries, Joyce et al . observed that businesses with performance- oriented cultures and fast, fl exible structures outperformed competi-tors over a 10- year period. 1 Consequently, a potential way forward for health care is to focus on designing fl exible systems. For fl exible systems to function, leadership must exist at all levels of the system. It is an equal and shared responsibility of every health care worker, regardless of duty, rank or seniority. Morison and McMullan put forward the idea that leadership development is essentially an educational matter; thus, having educational programmes on leadership is imperative for grooming effective future leaders.


Limited literature assessed the relation between family engagement in education and young children's socioemotional and behavioral functioning. This study investigated these associations longitudinally among urban and low-income, predominantly Latinx preschoolers (n = 69) and their mothers. Initial home-school conferencing predicted lower levels of child socioemotional and behavioral difficulties about 8 months later (β = −.20, p < .05). Additionally, initial child socioemotional and behavioral difficulties predicted higher levels of later home-based involvement (β = .23, p < .05). Results highlighted bidirectional associations between these constructs and suggested potential avenues to enhance family engagement in education and reduce child socioemotional and behavioral problems.


In recent years, IP telephone service has spread rapidly. However, an unavoidable problem of IP telephone service is deterioration of speech due to packet loss, which often occurs on wireless net-works. To overcome this problem, we propose a novel lost speech reconstruction method using speech recognition based on Missing Feature Theory and HMM-based speech synthesis. The proposed method uses linguistic information and can deal with the lack of syllable units which conventional methods are unable to handle. We conducted subjective and objective evaluation experiments under speaker independent conditions. These results showed the ef-fectiveness of the proposed method. Although there is a processing delay in the proposed method, we believe that this method will open up new applications for speech recognition and speech synthesis technology.


The purpose of this study is to identify the location of the orbital part of the lacrimal gland using external landmarks to facilitate effective botulinum toxin A (BTX‐A) injections for epiphora treatment. Dissections were performed on 45 hemifaces from 27 cadavers. The length, anterior protrusion, and thickness of the orbital part of the lacrimal gland were measured directly. The midpoint of the line running horizontal through the medial and lateral canthus was used as the horizontal reference point. Vertical lines perpendicular to the midpoint of the horizontal reference line were the vertical reference lines. The angles from the horizontal reference line to the lacrimal gland center and to the frontal tubercle were also measured. The length and thickness of the lacrimal gland were 12.8 and 2.4 mm, respectively. The lacrimal gland had an anterior protrusion of 4.1 mm from the superolateral orbital margin. The superior and inferior margins of the lacrimal gland were located 35.7° and 15.8° from the two reference lines, respectively. The angle from the horizontal reference line to the lacrimal gland center was 35.1°, which was similar to that to the frontal tubercle (34.4°). The orbital part of the lacrimal gland was more inferior in elderly subjects and the angle between the horizontal reference line and its center was 35.1°, which was similar to the location of the frontal tubercle. The location of this tubercle can help clinicians to perform BTX‐A injections into the lacrimal gland, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of epiphora treatment.


Breast glands and salivary glands are tubulo-acinar exocrine glands that can manifest as tumours with similar morphological features, but that differ in incidence and clinical behaviour depending on whether they are primary in breast or salivary glands. Salivary gland-like tumours of the breast are of two types: tumours with myoepithelial differentiation and those devoid of myoepithelial differentiation. The first and more numerous group comprises a spectrum of lesions ranging from "bona fide" benign (such as benign myoepithelioma and pleomorphic adenoma), to low grade malignant (such as adenoid cystic carcinoma, low grade adenosquamous carcinoma, and adenomyoepithelioma), to high grade malignant lesions (malignant myoepithelioma). The second group comprises lesions that have only recently been recognised, such as acinic cell carcinoma, oncocytic carcinoma of the breast, and the rare mucoepidermoid carcinoma.


ABSTRACT Purpose: The pathogenesis of dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) in thyroid eye disease (TED) is thought to be compression of the apical optic nerve by hypertrophied extraocular muscles. We correlated worsening DON to the area occupied by extraocular muscles. Methods: Records of adults with TED DON evaluated from 1/1/2013 to 1/1/2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Each patient's visual field with the worst mean deviation (MD) was selected. Orbit CT scans were reviewed. Reformatted oblique coronal images were created perpendicular to the optic nerve. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the orbit and each muscle group was measured and expressed as ratios of the CSA of the orbital apex. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed for predictors of HVF MD. Results: 34 orbits with TED DON were analyzed. On orbital CT, the superior muscle complex occupied 15% of the apex (range 6–26%), inferior 18% (range 6–33%), lateral 10% (range 4–18%), medial 17% (range 8–27%), and all combined 61% (range 28–80%). Increasing total muscle area and superior complex area correlated with worsening MD. In multivariate linear regression, the superior muscle complex remained a significant predictor of MD (p = 0.01) over total muscle area (p = 0.25). Conclusions: Enlargement of extraocular muscles is common in TED, but DON occurs in only 6%. Our findings demonstrate that as DON worsens, as quantified by visual field MD, the superior muscle complex crowds the apex. This is consistent with the typical inferior visual field findings seen in TED DON. Hypertrophy of the superior rectus and levator palpabrae superioris complex may be predictive of worsening DON.


Background: The marrow microenvironment is composed of a complex network of cells and extra cellular matrix that cooperate to regulate normal hematopoiesis. There is growing evidence that microenvironmental defects can contribute to the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies. Objective/methods: We review the role of the microenvironment in inducing and sustaining hematological malignancies. Results/conclusions: Two basic mechanisms could explain the role of microenvironmental defects in the evolution of hematopoietic neoplasms. There is significant data to support the first mechanism, in which the malignant hematopoietic clone induces reversible functional changes in the microenvironment that result in improved growth conditions for the malignant cells. More recent studies from mouse models have indicated that a second mechanism involving primary microenvironmental defects can also result in malignancy.


Background. An immune correlate of protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection is urgently needed. Methods. We used an ongoing household cohort with an embedded transmission study that closely monitors participants regardless of symptom status. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to measure infections and seropositivity. Sequencing was performed to determine circulating strains of SARS-CoV-2. We investigated the protection associated with seropositivity resulting from prior infection, the anti-spike antibody titers needed for protection, and we compared the severity of first and second infections. Results. In March 2021, 62.3% of the cohort was seropositive. After March 2021, gamma and delta variants predominated. Seropositivity was associated with 69.2% protection from any infection (95% CI: 60.7%-75.9%), with higher protection against moderate or severe infection (79.4%, 95% CI: 64.9%-87.9%). Anti-spike titers of 327 and 2,551 were associated with 50% and 80% protection from any infection; titers of 284 and 656 were sufficient for protection against moderate or severe disease. Second infections were less severe than first infections (Relative Risk (RR) of moderated or severe disease: 0.6, 95% CI: 0.38-0.98; RR of subclinical disease:1.9, 95% CI: 1.33-2.73). Conclusions. Prior infection-induced immunity is protective against infection when predominantly gamma and delta SARS-CoV-2 circulated. The protective antibody titers presented may be useful for vaccine policy and control measures. While second infections were somewhat less severe, they were not as mild as ideal. A strategy involving vaccination will be needed to ease the burden of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.


In this article, we report the findings of a small study comparing the histological, ultrastructural, and biochemical features of fibrous capsules formed around tissue-expanding devices (dynamic implants) and simple prostheses (static implants) in the human. Histologically and biochemically, the dynamic fibrous capsule appears to represent an early phase of scar tissue formation around an expanding foreign body, the dominant feature being increased cellularity caused by myofibroblasts. In view of the marked presence of these contractile elements, it is paradoxical that a lower capsular contracture rate should be reported to occur in breast reconstruction using a temporary expander. This lower rate presumably is because these myofibroblasts undergo modulation once the expansion process has ceased and the final prosthesis is in place. One may also assume that the fibrous capsule would retain features of early scar tissue if the expansion process is maintained indefinitely. This hypothesis can be evaluated by a long-term study in the animal.


Anomalous retinal correspondence (ARC) is the mechanism that functionally links noncorresponding retinal elements in the visual cortex to allow single binocular vision in the strabismic patient. Surgical correction of the strabismus in patients with ARC may lead to temporary paradoxical diplopia. ARC may be diagnosed prior to surgery by revealing a faulty spatial orientation of the fovea of the deviating eye through a fovea-to-fovea test, or by detecting the presence of a pseudo-fovea via a fovea-to-periphery test of retinal correspondence. This retrospective study was designed to determine which type of test, fovea-to-fovea or fovea-to-periphery, is most effective at predicting postoperative diplopia in adult patients with long-standing strabismus and ARC. Of the thirteen patients enrolled in the study, 62% had temporary postoperative diplopia. One hundred percent of the diplopic patients demonstrated ARC on fovea-to-fovea tests preoperatively. Patients with ARC on fovea-to-periphery tests were just as likely to be diplopic as not after surgery. Performance on any one sensory test did not correlate well with results on any other test. Fovea-to-fovea tests are more effective than fovea-to-periphery tests at detecting ARC and predicting the likelihood of postoperative diplopia in an adult patient.


Migration and mobility have featured as key elements in the recent
 political and economic history of our world. Trauma appears in many dimensions of life
 during migration (national, physical, organic, political, social, financial), and it can
 be transformed through generations. The main focus of this paper is to present the
 multiple faces of the migration trauma in refugees and discuss neurobiological aspects
 of the pathogenesis and expression of the psychological migration trauma. From the
 beginning of our life, a very complex biochemical dialogue is established with our
 current and past life, through the maternal experiences and its relations with the
 Social Unconscious. Trauma provokes gaps and wounds of time, space, of boundaries and
 nations that can be carried trans-generationally as a genetic, ethical or national
 heritage. Cultural Epidemiology focuses among several parameters in migration on the
 need of a container in the new way of living of the new country. The psychological
 migration trauma asks for evolutionary refugee - focused therapies, to help victims to
 face not only one traumatic event, the searing isolation of social distancing and the
 loss of human dignity but also multiple traumas and losses, including rape, war and
 torture. Cellular biology, neurobiology, epigenetics, and psychology underscore the
 importance of exploring at least three generations of family history in order to
 understand the mechanism behind patterns of migration's trauma and suffering. Keywords:
 Migration, Traumatized Refugees, Trauma, Group-Psychotherapy, Brain Plasticity.


In this article I outline different elements of action research in an attempt to describe and define participatory action research (PAR). There is a lot more material available to readers these days, some of which I will refer you to in this article. I see my role here is to summarise enough of this material to help support your reading of the other articles that appear in this issue of Kairaranga. This material (I have tried to use work from Aotearoa New Zealand in the first instance) refers to the ethical, political and context characteristics of PAR, as well as the design and format for conducting such research.


Digital Library (DL) are the main conduits for accessing our cultural heritage and they have to address the requirements and needs of very diverse memory institutions, namely Libraries, Archives and Museums (LAM). Therefore, the interoperability among the Digital Library System (DLS) which manage the digital resources of these institutions is a key concern in the field. DLS are rooted in two foundational models of what a digital library is and how it should work, namely the DELOS Reference Model and the Streams, Structures, Spaces, Scenarios, Societies (5S) model. Unfortunately these two models are not exploited enough to improve interoperability among systems. To this end, we express these foundational models by means of ontologies which exploit the methods and technologies of Semantic Web and Linked Data. Moreover, we link the proposed ontologies for the foundational models to those currently used for publishing cultural heritage data in order to maximize interoperability. We design an ontology which allows us to model and map the high level concepts of both the 5S model and the DELOS Reference Model. We provide detailed ontologies for all the domains of such models, namely the user, content, functionality, quality, policy and architectural component domains in order to make available a working tool for making DLS interoperate together at a high level of abstraction. Finally, we provide a concrete use case about digital annotation of illuminated manuscripts to show how to apply the proposed ontologies and illustrate the achieved interoperability between the 5S and DELOS Reference models.


Spontaneous cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes directed against chicken red blood cells has been studied in 12 healthy adults by photometric measurement of the hemoglobin released from the targets. Lymphocytes forming rosettes with chicken red blood cells (ChRBC-rosette positive lymphocytes) were separated from ChRBC-rosette negative cells by Ficoll gradient centrifugation. Isolated ChRBC-rosette positive cells were characterized as small lymphocytes with a dot like (focal) cytoplasmic acid hydrolase enzyme reaction and expression of CD 4 (helper-T-cell), CD 11b (monocyte) and CD 16 (natural killer cell) immunophenotype. In the second part of our work the spontaneous cytotoxic activity against ChRBCs of adherent cells, sheep red blood cell (SRBC) rosette negative and positive cells. IgG-Fc-receptor negative and positive lymphocyte subsets was studied simultaneously using monoclonal antibody markers and detecting immunoglobulin production and IgG-Fc-receptor positive cells ("suppressor-T-lymphocytes") had the highest ChRBC-cytotoxic-activity in parallel with their Leu 11b (CD 16) NK-cell marker positivity. The "suppressor-T-lymphocytes" and also the isolated ChRBC-rosette positive cells showed a suppressor effect on immunoglobulin production in co-cultures. ChRBC-rosette positive cells expressed significant natural killer activity against K-562 targets, but not a killer activity in ADCC assay. It needs further examinations to determine the functional role and the origin of ChRBC-cytotoxic cells with these unique immunophenotype and functional characteristics.


Dark matter annihilation in Galactic substructure produces diffuse gamma-ray emission of remarkably constant intensity across the sky, and in general this signal dominates over the smooth halo signal at angles greater than a few tens of degrees from the Galactic Center. The large-scale isotropy of the emission from substructure suggests that it may be difficult to extract this Galactic dark matter signal from the extragalactic gamma-ray background. I show that dark matter substructure induces characteristic small-scale anisotropies in the diffuse emission which may provide a robust means of distinguishing this component. I discuss predictions for the angular power spectrum of the diffuse emission from various extragalactic source classes as well as from Galactic dark matter, and show that the energy dependence of the angular power spectrum of the total measured emission could be used to confidently identify a gamma-ray signal from Galactic dark matter.