Introduction: Despite modern chemo-immunotherapy regimens, the outcomes for patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse-large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) or follicular lymphoma (FL) remain poor, and more effective therapies are sorely needed. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PDL1 or anti-PD-1) represent a novel class of therapeutics with great promise. Atezolizumab (MPDL3280A) is a fully humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that blocks the interaction between PD-L1 and its receptors PD-1 and B7.1, thereby preventing inhibition of T-cell activity. Clinical activity of atezolizumab has been seen in multiple tumor types, including NHL as monotherapy. Increased PD-L1 expression has been reported in DLBCL and FL on tumor cells, stromal cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cellsand may represent a mechanism of tumor escape from immune surveillance. Obinutuzumab is a next generation anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody with enhanced ADCC activity. The combination of atezolizumab and obinutuzumab has the potential to activate both innate and adaptive immunity to enhance anti-tumor responses in lymphoma. Methods: This multi-center, open-label, Phase Ib (NCT02220842) study is evaluating atezolizumab in combination with obinutuzumab in patients with relapsed or refractory DLBCL or FL. Primary endpoints were safety and tolerability, with secondary endpoints of PK and clinical activity. Key eligibility criteria included measurable disease and treatment with ≥ 1 prior chemo-immunotherapy regimen. Previous autologous stem cell transplant was allowed, but not allogeneic stem cell transplant. During cycle 1, patients received obinutuzumab alone on days 1 (100 mg), 2 (900 mg), 8 and 15 (1000 mg). From cycles 2-8, atezolizumab (1200 mg) and obinutuzumab (1000 mg) were administered on day 1 every 3 weeks. This was followed by atezolizumab consolidation (1200 mg q3 weeks) for an additional 6 months. ORR was assessed by IWG NHL criteria (Cheson et al, J Clin Oncol 2007). Pre-treatment biopsies and on-treatment samples are being collected to determine PD-L1 expression and other biomarkers of response and resistance. Results: As of July 28, 2015, all 6 patients (2 male, 4 female) evaluable for safety have completed at least 4 cycles of therapy. Median age was 68.5 years (range, 58-81 years). Three patients had FL, and 3 patients had DLBCL. The median number of prior therapies was 4 (range, 2-6). All patients have received at least one prior rituximab-containing chemo-immunotherapy regimen. One patient with DLBCL had received a prior autologous stem cell transplant, as well as CD19 CAR T-cell therapy. The median disease burden at baseline was 2717.4 mm2 (range, 990-7247 mm2). The median duration of therapy was 118 days (range, 64-212 days). One dose-limiting toxicity (Grade 3 thrombocytopenia) was observed. Three patients experienced 1 treatment-emergent Grade 3 AE each (thrombocytopenia, ileus, intestinal obstruction). No Grade ≥ 3 infusion-related reactions, Grade 4 or 5 AEs, treatment related deaths or discontinuations due to study treatment have been seen. Responses for 5 patients who have completed the first disease assessment time point are available. Preliminary efficacy evaluation (CT scan) after 4 cycles (3 months) of therapy are as follows: 2 PRs (up to 68.6% reduction; 1 pt with DLBCL and 1 pt with FL), 2 SDs and 1 PD. Three of 4 patients, experiencing SD or better have ongoing clinical benefit. Expansion cohorts in FL and DLBCL are currently enrolling, and updated safety and efficacy data will be presented. Biomarker data will also be discussed. Conclusions: Preliminary results indicate that the combination of atezolizumab and obinutuzumab appears well tolerated with early evidence of activity in patients with heavily pretreated relapsed or refractory DLBCL and FL. Disclosures Till:Roche-Genentech: Research Funding. Park:TEVA: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Jannsenn: Other: Travel. Goy:Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pharmacyclics/JNJ: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Acerta: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Penuel:Genentech, Inc.: Employment. Venstrom:Genentech: Employment. Liu:Genentech: Employment. Fingerle-Rowson:F.Hoffmann-LaRoche: Employment. Byon:Genentech: Employment. Woodard:Genentech: Employment.


Recent Russian reports have described the use of balloon occlusion in both the diagnosis and treatment of various pathological processes affecting intracranial vessels. This intraluminal approach has demonstrated successful results in vascular problems such as carotid-cavernous fistulae, arteriovenous malformations, and large inoperable aneurysms. Despite widespread interest in the neurosurgical community, the application of a similar technique in the Western hemisphere has been hindered by lack of an adequate, functional, inflatable apparatus. The authors describe their experience with the prototype of a safe, reliable, detachable balloon. Because of a unique development, the apparatus may be filled with liquid and detached from its parent catheter without subsequent leakage. In order to satisfy variable requirements, balloons are available in several sizes ranging from 0.5 to 4.0 mm in diameter. When fully inflated these devices will hold from 1 to 3 cc of fluid. The authors' study involved 18 dogs with artificially created carotid-jugular fistulae that were visualized by angiography. Under fluoroscopic control, detachment of inflated balloons on the venous side of the defect not only successfully occluded the fistulae but also preserved the arterial vasculature. X-ray films taken several weeks later failed to show any change either in size or position of the inflated devices.


What I am going to say will probably appear to be a confused talk about a very complex, and even chaotic, subject. I have had a short but intensive experience of the International Federation for Documentation (F.I.D.) and I can see many people in this room whose knowledge of that body goes back many years longer than mine. I am going to try, nevertheless, to look at this subject of international documentation against the general perspective of the working of international organizations because I am convinced that many of the difficulties, disappointments, frustrations and successes of bodies like the International Federation for Documentation and the International Federation of Library Associations (I.F.L.A.) have their parallel in some of the bigger international bodies.


To suppress the low frequency vibration of Large Space Structures, the possibility of using a proof-mass based actuator is discussed. In order to avoid instabilities caused by the effect of the actuator's own natural frequency on the low frequency components of the structural vibration, it is proposed that the only control force be the electromagnetic force generated by the actuator and that there be no mechanical spring between the moving and the fixed parts of the actuator. In this configuration, it is easy for the moving mass of the actuator to exceed the stroke limit, so the actuator must be controlled to avoid these limits. Using the proposed actuator, three kinds of intelligent control methods are considered in order to achieve reliable control of the low frequency vibrations: fuzzy control, dithered fuzzy control, and rule based crisp control. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithms.


CONTEXT
There are few published examples of pathology instruction during the clinical years of medical student training. This lack of exposure to pathology may lead to poor understanding of laboratory testing and the role of pathologists in patient care.

OBJECTIVE
To design, implement, and evaluate a pathology curriculum integrated into a longitudinal clerkship for third-year medical students.

DESIGN
The curriculum includes an introductory session during the transition week course, pathologist participation in longitudinal student case conferences, and a pathology elective. The curriculum was evaluated by using surveys consisting of both multiple choice and written responses.

RESULTS
A total of 55 students participated in the longitudinal curriculum during the 2009-2010 academic year and 8 students, only one of whom stated a career interest in pathology, participated in the elective. More than 80 pathology topics were discussed and, for the first time, pathologists received teaching awards from the third-year students. All elective students would recommend the elective to colleagues; feedback also suggested an improved understanding of pathology as a profession. At the end of the year, 31% of all students, compared to only 19% in the initial survey, knew that most of an anatomic pathologist's caseload consists of specimens from living patients (P  =  .13). In addition, elective student interaction with a pathology faculty member directly led to an improvement in test reporting.

CONCLUSIONS
A novel longitudinal curriculum allowed for the creative integration of pathology into third-year students' clinical training and led to better student understanding of the role of pathologists in patient care.


This study presents the design and simulation of a fuzzy control algorithm for managing the traffic of two or more elevators in high-rise buildings. The fuzzy elevator group control system (FEGCS) introduced herein is designed to respond to a new hall call by determining the most suitable car based on an evaluation function computed for each car. The car with the lowest value of evaluation function is selected to serve the hall call. The evaluation function is computed by summation of two terms. The first term is the estimated arrival time to the floor where the hall call occurs. The second term consists of the floor priority coefficient multiplied by a fuzzy control variable resulted from Mamdani type fuzzy inference, controlling the effectiveness of floor priority. To increase the performance of the elevator group three major linguistic variables are introduced within a set of fuzzy rules. These include the average waiting time (AWT), power consumption (PC), and floor traffic (FT). During the hours of low passenger traffic, high fuzzy control values resulted in the cars to be positioned at the afloors to which high priority values are assigned. When the passenger traffic is high, the low fuzzy control values reduce the importance of priority of floors, rather the estimated arrival time is to be minimized.


The time variability of prompt emission in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is expected to originate from the temporal behavior of the central engine activity and the jet propagation in the massive stellar envelope. Using a pulse search algorithm for bright GRBs, we investigate the time variability of gamma-ray light curves to search a signature of the interaction between the jet and the inner structure of the progenitor. Since this signature might appear in the earlier phase of prompt emission, we divide the light curves into the initial phase and the late phase by referring to the trigger time and the burst duration of each GRB. We also adopt this algorithm for GRBs associated with supernovae/hypernovae that certainly are accompanied by massive stars. However, there is no difference between each pulse interval distribution described by a lognorma distribution in the two phases. We confirm that this result can be explained by the photospheric emission model if the energy injection of the central engine is not steady or completely periodic but episodic and described by the lognormal distribution with a mean of ∼1 s.


terpret. In the majority of the patients, it is virtually impossible to disentangle hyponatremia from eclampsia or prolonged cardiac resuscitation, both situations that can produce brain edema in itself. We fully agree the surest way to determine the true prevalence is that neurologists, nephrologists, and surgeons evaluate these young healthy females in a prospective manner in a defined population with the usual epidemiologic methodology to detect bias; but, fortunately, the cases may be hard to find.


The "Abstract Communication Model for Distributed Systems" outlines a general method for describing executable specifications for all message-based distributed communication systems. This model is based on the ASM (Abstract State Machine) paradigm. The model is highly non-deterministic and is intended to be so in order to preserve the generality of its applicability. The ACM effectively separates the communication logic from the application logic during high-level modeling and simulation of distributed systems. This model could be specialized and used for modeling and simulation during very early stages of system analysis and design. Unlike other network simulators such as ns-2, ACM is a light-weight plug-in; high-level model for the communication component in a distributed application. ACM enables analysis at a semantic level, which is desirable during early stages of system design and analysis. Heavy-weight network simulators are unsuitable for such purposes; they could be used in later stages for accurate and elaborate simulations of the system implemented. Hence, the two approaches target complementary aspects of computer network modeling. The model as such is not implementable. In this project, we propose a natural extension of the ASM paradigm, which involves probability. We specialize the ACM partially by introducing probabilistic transitions where possible. Consequently, the model becomes amenable to statistical analysis, simulation and reasoning.


Tuberculosis is one of the leading infections after renal transplant, particularly in developing countries where the incidence and prevalence in the general population are high. Diagnosis requires bacteriologic and histologic confirmation. Interactions among the antitubercular drugs and the immunosuppressive agents have to be considered while prescribing, and surveillance for adverse effects is required. Although rare, case reports are available on extrapulmonary tuberculosis in allograft recipients. Here, we present a 25-year-old kidney transplant recipient who was diagnosed with lymph node tuberculosis under uncommon circumstances but who had a good outcome. This case report illustrates the difficulties in diagnosis of tuberculosis, changes in therapeutic protocols, and prognostic factors and highlights the effects of infectious complications with immunosuppressive therapy in this particular patient population.


The problem and recent progress of radioimmunoassay for various kinds of synthetic steroid hormones are reviewed. The specificity and sensitivity depend mostly on the position of synthetic antigen (hemisuccinate or oxime). Using good antibodies, a direct radioimmunoassay without extraction procedures of samples is available. A simplified method is required for the monitoring of synthetic steroids to know the effects and side effects.


Sno-Your recent leading article (1 July, p. 4) entitled " Investigating Hypertension" appears to give a somewhat incomplete and Bmseading impression of the current position in this field. Indeed, it is a little difficult to see what point your writer is trying to make. When is investigation of hypertension "fruitless " ? Apparently when continued after " the small number of potentially curable patients " have been detected-the others are to be spared. You go on to suggest that the I.V.P., " supplemented by radiographs taken during the first five minutes of the examination " (surely standard practice for years ?), together with a radioisotope renogram, may be the best way of selecting those who may benefit from further inpatient investigation. If such a practice were to be universally adopted there would be little progress in the field of hypertension. You make no reference to the complex biochemical problems which offer a considerable challenge to physicians currently engaged in this work: into the problems of recognizing aldosteronism in its various forms; or in detecting pressorsecreting tumours of the adrenals or kidneys -conditions which could not possibly be identified using the screening procedures you suggest. Nor do your comments contain more than scant reference to the merits of aortography, though you quote the series described by Chamberlain and Gleeson.' Those authors chose the rather curious parameter of surgical benefit ultimately acquired by the hypertensive patients they investigated with which to judge the value of aortography in hypertension. Quite apart from the smallness of their series and its highly selected nature, it was surely a novel approach for the radiologist to demur on the grounds of doubtful ultimate surgical benefit. There are analogies in other fields where surgical benefit may ultimately be small, such as gastric carcinoma or bronchial carcinoma, but few would suggest that full assessment was unjustified. In any event, medical benefit, in the form of accurate diagnosis and consequent more definitive medical management, might result. Surely we must get our priorities right. In good clinical practice accurate diagnosis must come before treatment whenever possible, and we should avoid the temptation to attempt to short-cut what is usually a rather painstaking and detailed inquiry. Thus without angiography it may be impossible to idenify such conditions as fibromuscular dysplasia, renal-artery aneurysm, thrombosis or embolism in a branch of the renal artery, or renal-artery anomalies. These latter are exceedingly common, and, we believe, important. We have published two papers in which these aspects have been discussed, though you refer to neither.'' It is agreed that many difficulties surround the practical aspects of investigating hypertenson, but surely the decision is still a clinical one. If the patient has hypertension sufficiently significant in the physician's judgement to warrant treatment then investigation should usually be undertaken first. If this is to be done at all then it should be complete, and requires full biochemical and radiological assessment in most instances. We are not impressed by the arguments that this is impracticable, for it is not too difficult to organize facilities to this end, and the procedure need be done only once in the lifetime of most of the patients. About 1,000 patients have been assessed in some detail (including the procedure of aortography) in recent years as part of the general medical work at this hospital.-I am, etc., PHILIP W. ROBERTSON. Royal Air Force Hospital, Wolverhampton, Staffordshire.


In response to the scientific evidence documenting both profound developmental changes in sleep and circadian biology during adolescence and the myriad of negative health, performance, and safety outcomes risks associated with chronic sleep loss, at least 70 public school districts in the United States, representing approximately 1,000 schools, have successfully implemented a delay in high school start times. However, despite the compelling evidence supporting school start time change as a key strategy in addressing the epidemic of adolescent sleep loss, many school districts across the country with early high school start times have not considered the option to implement later bell schedules for adolescents. Moreover, while the current scientific literature has clearly documented the positive outcomes associated with delayed high school start times, these studies contain limited information regarding the process by which school districts consider, approve and implement bell schedule changes. Thus, this in-depth examination of those school districts that have been successful in changing their bell schedules is intended to support the efforts of other districts in various stages of contemplating this measure. We utilized a multi-pronged approach (literature review, case studies, telephone interviews, online survey) to summarize the experiences of school districts across the United States in regard to challenges faced, strategies employed, and lessons learned in the hope that this information will be a useful tool for other school districts looking to chart a course forward to promote the health, safety, and academic opportunities of their students.


One of the major potential advantages of supercritical carbon dioxide polymer processing, is the production of fine polymer materials without the use of organic solvents. It has been shown in the literature, that many possible shapes can be produced using a variety of methods. These include the production of elastomers, powder coatings, toners, foams and fibres. Additionally, when the polymerisation is also performed in supercritical carbon dioxide, it is possible to combine reaction and shaping in one single piece of equipment. A polymer solved or swollen in supercritical carbon dioxide can be shaped by forcing the polymer/CO2 mixture through a nozzle, while expanding to sub-critical conditions. Important process parameters thereby are pre- and post nozzle temperature and pressure, supercritical solution composition and nozzle dimensions. By controlling these parameters, virtually all types of morphologies can be obtained. However, no general concept exists linking these parameters, the dynamic phase transitions and the final morphology in a generalised manner. This project aims at understanding the effect of the various process parameters on the morphology of the final product. The key to successful application of this shaping technique lies in understanding the relation between the precipitation behaviour of polymers and the physical properties of the supercritical solvent. To establish a relation between physical properties of the solvent and nozzle geometry, the flow behaviour of the supercritical polymer solution before and after the nozzle is calculated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The resulting expansion profiles are verified by flow profile measurements, using laser techniques. When the expansion profiles are related with the phase diagrams a model can be formed, predicting the product quality and morphology.


This work studies the coordination of the action of GTPase-activating protein (GAP) and guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) on activated human c-Ha-Ras p21. Purified human p120-GAP was obtained with a new efficient procedure. To distinguish the GTPase-activating effect of p120-GAP from other effects dependent on the interaction with activated Ha-Ras, the nonhydrolyzable GTP analogue guanosine 5′-O-(thiotriphosphate) (GTPγS) was used. The results showed that the GTPγS/GTPγS exchange enhanced by the C-terminal catalytic domain of the yeast GEF Sdc25p (C-Sdc25p) is prevented by p120-GAP. This effect is strictly specific for the activated form of Ha-Ras, the target of GAP; no effect on Ha-Ras·GDP was detectable. The GAP catalytic domain also inhibited C-Sdc25p but to a lower extent. The interfering effect by p120-GAP was also evident in a homologous mammalian system, using full-length mouse RasGEF, its C-terminal half-molecule, or C-terminal catalytic domain. As a consequence of this inhibition, presence of p120-GAP enhanced the regeneration of Ha-Ras·GTPγS by GEF at a GDP:GTPγS ratio mimicking the in vivo GDP:GTP ratio. Our work describes a novel function of p120-GAP and suggests a mechanism by which GAP protects Ha-Ras·GTP in vivo against unproductive exchanges. This constrain is likely involved in the regulation of the physiological GDP/GTP cycle of Ras and in the action of p120-GAP as downstream effector of Ras. Helix α3 is proposed as a Ras element playing a key-role in the interference between GAP and GEF on Ras.


Background Although the biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) are the most effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the costs are much higher than those of conventional synthetic DMARDs. A number of studies on discontinuation, dose reduction and/or spacing of bDMARDs have been performed, but there have been few reports on increased spacing time between tocilizumab (TCZ) administrations so far. Objectives To analyze the efficacy of spacing of the intravenous (IV) administration of TCZ in patients with RA. Methods 63 patients (11 M, 52 F) who were administered IV TCZ for more than 1 year were enrolled. Eleven patients had shifted to subcutaneous injection and the data at the last IV infusion were analyzed. Results Mean age was 57.4 years old (30–78), mean body weight was 55.5kg (37–85.5), mean duration of illness was 10.7yrs (0–32), The number of the bDMARDs previously administered were 0.9 (0–3), and duration of TCZ treatment was 46.9 months (13–83). The intervals between administrations were 4 weeks: 28.6%, 5 weeks: 38.1%, 6 weeks: 17.5%, 7 weeks: 6.0%, 8 weeks: 7.9%, and 10 weeks: 1.6%. Tender joint count, swollen joint count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein, matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), patient's visual analogue scale (VAS), doctor's VAS, disease activity score (DAS) 28-ESR, simplified disease activity index (SDAI), clinical DAI (CDAI) were significantly improved. All of patients remission rates were 90.5% for DAS28-ESR, 44.4% for CDAI, and 42.9% for SDAI. Patients with prednisolone (PSL) decreased from 50 to 38 (p=0.031), at doses of 5.3 (2–10) to 2.7 (0.5–5) mg/day (p<0.0001). Patients with methotrexate (MTX) decreased from 46 to 32 patients (p=0.017), at doses of 8.1 (2–18) to 6.6 (2–14) mg/weeks (p<0.0001). There were no changes in the usage of other csDMARDs. The remission rates of the patients with increased spacing (n=45) were 75.6% for DAS28-ESR, 28.9% for CDAI, and 35.6% for SDAI. In 45 patients with increased spacing, both PSL and MTX were significantly reduced even after spacing (2.9: 0.5–5.5 to 2.6: 1–7.0) mg/day, and (6.45: 2–10 to 5.2: 2 -12) mg/ weeks, respectively (p=0.0013, p=0.0085). At the introduction of TCZ, there was no difference in the serum levels of MMP-3 in patients with increased spacing and without spacing 274.8 (24–1310) ng/ml vs 283.3 (32–626) ng/ml p=0.692). Serum revels of MMP-3 at the first time of increased spacing were significantly lower in the patients with increased spacing than those at the final point of patients without spacing 72.0 (22.2–236.0) ng/ml vs 165.8 (35.8 -619.0) ng/ml, p=0.000752. The number of patients with normal levels of MMP-3 among the patients with increased spacing were 25/45 (55.6%) with significantly higher levels for those patients who had no spacing 3 /18 (16.7%, p=0.00567). Conclusions TCZ treatment was associated with significantly reduced disease activity and reduced use of PSL and MTX. Increased spacing between administrations was used in 71.4% of the patients. TCZ was able to reduce PSL and MTX even after spacing. MMP-3 might be a useful marker to decide the spacing period. TCZ is the most inexpensive bDMARD in Japan, but with increased spacing, it is possible to reduce the cost even further with acceptable control of RA symptoms. Disclosure of Interest None declared


Tracking simulation was performed on the ions trapped in linear and nonlinear fields of an electron beam in storage rings. The stability of the ions was investigated with regard to the homogeneous partial-fill mode and the equidistant-bunch and -burst modes of the electron beam. It was found that the oscillation amplitude of the ions trapped in the beam grows very rapidly to 100–1000 times larger than the electron beam size, even in the nonlinear field, under some ion-beam conditions. The results are expressed as a stability diagram of the ions, and the diagrams for the linear and nonlinear fields are basically similar to each other, both representing a periodic structure of the parametric resonance. The critical mass in the equidistant bunched beam is the same for the linear and nonlinear fields. The present results are consistent with the experimental results in the storage rings of European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) and Photon Factory of National Laboratory for High Energy Physics (KEK-PF).


Genomic instability is a hallmark of breast and other solid cancers. Presumably caused by critical telomere reduction, GI is responsible for providing the genetic diversity required in the multistep progression of the disease. We have used multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization and 3D image analysis to quantify genomic instability cell-by-cell in thick, intact tissue sections of normal breast epithelium, preneoplastic lesions (usual ductal hyperplasia), ductal carcinona in situ or invasive carcinoma of the breast. Our in situ-cell by cell-analysis of genomic instability shows an important increase of genomic instability in the transition from hyperplasia to in situ carcinoma, followed by a reduction of instability in invasive carcinoma. This pattern suggests that the transition from hyperplasia to in situ carcinoma corresponds to telomere crisis and invasive carcinoma is a consequence of telomerase reactivation after telomere crisis.


Differential power processing (DPP) architectures employ distributed, low power processing, submodule-integrated converters to mitigate mismatches in photovoltaic (PV) power systems, while introducing no insertion losses. This paper evaluates the effects of the simple voltage-balancing DPP control approach on the submodule-level maximum power point (MPP) efficiency. It is shown that the submodule MPP efficiency of voltage-balancing DPP converters exceeds 98% in the presence of worst-case MPP voltage variations due to irradiance or temperature mismatches. Furthermore, the effects of reduced converter power rating in the isolated-port DPP architecture are investigated by long-term, high-granularity simulations of five representative PV system scenarios. For partially shaded systems, it is shown that the isolated-port DPP architecture offers about two times larger energy yield improvements compared to full power processing (FPP) module-level converters, and that it outperforms module-level FPP approaches even when the power rating of DPP converters is only 20-30% of the PV system peak power. In the cases of aging-related mismatches, more than 90% of the energy yield improvements are obtained with DPP converters rated at only 10% of the PV peak power.


The Global Health Care Revolution of the Century, which began officially at Alma Ata in 1978, will help to achieve the Health for All goal by the year 2000. What will the next century usher in? Some of our achievements to date are highlighted, and lessons learned and yet to be learned are emphasized. Reorientation in the world's thinking to achieve health beyond the year 2000 is examined.


This paper will focus on the role of lawyers in the Principles of Transnational Civil Procedure that have been published by UNIDROIT/ALI. These principles are meant to be a stimulus for harmonisation and improvement of civil procedure. Litigation however is not only, perhaps not even primarily about rules. It is also about practice. Therefore, whoever wants to improve a system of procedural rules, or aims at designing principles that can set an example for reforms in civil litigation, should keep in mind the practitioners: the lawyers and the judges.Several problems are not resolved in the Principles, and possibly can't be resolved within principles of this kind. The problem I will address here is not an exclusive problem of the Principles. It is common to most modern systems of civil procedure, which prescribe judicial case management, because these systems also oblige the parties to cooperate in order to reach the desired efficiency in litigating. This inevitably raises the question: how does one persuade parties and their lawyers to cooperate in civil litigation?This question I will address in the second and main part of this paper. However, the paper opens with an introduction to those Principles that are relevant for the role of the lawyers in civil procedure, by means of a comparison of these principles with Dutch rules and norms.


This paper describes the orthodontic treatment of 2 cases that were presented by the winner of the William Houston Medal of the MOrth of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh at the June 2003 diet of the examination. The cases were also successful presented for the British Orthodontic Society MOrth Cases Prize 2003.


A sensitive and specific gas chromatographic technique for estimating concentrations of the anesthetic adjuvants, γ-butyrolactone and γ-hydroxybutyrate, in tissues has been developed. These substances do not appear to occur endogenously in either the blood or the brain of common laboratory animals. The onset and duration of anesthesia caused by the administration of either compound is correlated with the concentration of γ-hydroxybutyrate in the brain, rather than with that of the corresponding lactone.


One of the methods employed in teaching a foreign language is the grammar translation method (Chang, 2011). In teaching Kiswahili to foreigners, teachers use translations from Kiswahili into English and vice versa. However, the common trend in the application of this approach is that teachers usually translate vocabulary and phrases from Kiswahili into English. Since Kiswahili and English vary grammatically, culturally and in terms of terminological developments (Malangwa, 2010), translating Kiswahili cultural expressions into English reveals a serious challenge. There is always a problem of obtaining equivalents for the cultural expressions in the target language. To make the learning process successful, teachers employ descriptive, literal and communicative techniques to translate certain expressions in their Kiswahili classes and in the teaching materials. However, certain concepts are hardly captured in these translations and, consequently, they have multiple or varied equivalents. This article attempts to discuss the challenges of translating Kiswahili cultural expressions in the Kiswahili classrooms and textbooks as well as other materials available for learning. The aim here is to expose the cultural variations between the two languages and the techniques used to handle such challenges. The data for this article has been collected through interviews and documentary reviews and is analyzed using a comparative technique whereas Kiswahili cultural expressions are presented parallel with their proposed English equivalents. The cultural expressions observed are presented under the following sub-headings: a) greetings expressions, b) food and drinks terms, c) kinship terms, d) expressions related to social practice and e) political expressions. It has been concluded through this study that these are the common categories of cultural expressions observed in teaching Kiswahili to foreigners. As a common practice, teachers, while teaching and in the training manuals, apply descriptive and literal translation techniques to handle none equivalent cultural expressions. Despite the application of these techniques, there are problems observed in the translations offered.


This paper originated as a lecture to students pursuing the Erasmus Mundus Master of Laws in Transnational Trade and Finance Law at the Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, Spain. Although generally relevant for researchers in a variety of contexts up to and including writing book monographs, it is primarily aimed at graduate students doing major papers, theses or dissertations and undergraduate (including first-degree law) students doing research essays in upper-year seminars. The pointers found in the paper must accordingly be modified, mutatis mutandi, according to the nature of the research project, including the time available in which to complete it. The paper is divided into four sections: "Principles" (Section I); "The notion of 'insight'" (Section II); "Presumptive research steps" (Section III); "Tips" (Section IV); and "Conclusion" (Section V).


UNLABELLED
BACKGROUND AND STUDY, AIMS: Percutaneous access to the biliary tract is an important diagnostic and therapeutic tool in the management of biliary diseases. It is usually chosen when the endoscopic approach via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) fails, or is not possible. Once established, the percutaneous tract is then used for the treatment of biliary stones and strictures. To establish a percutaneous tract with a caliber large enough for cholangioscopy to be performed, or for a large-bore permanent drainage tube to be inserted, stepwise dilation up to 14 Fr or 16 Fr is usually required. We present here a new method of rapid dilation using specially designed materials, including a stiffenable guide wire and specially adapted bougies.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Consecutive patients undergoing percutaneous drainage for biliary diseases were included in this prospective study, over a 19-month period. After establishment of a 10-Fr transpapillary drain, the patients were randomly assigned to either conventional percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) or stepwise dilation using the new method, aiming at a need for only one further session, using a specially designed stiffenable metal guide wire of 6.6 Fr and plastic bougies. The details of the procedure (duration, materials used, technical ease), initial and later complications, assessment by the patients, and procedural costs were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS
Of the 60 patients included, 29 were randomly assigned to group I (the new method) and 31 to group II (the conventional approach); there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of clinical data or biliary pathology. The clinical efficacy of PTBD was similar in the two groups, although three patients in group II were switched to the new procedure because of failure of dilation using the conventional approach. The rates of major complications (four of 29 in group I, five of 31 in group II) and patient tolerance were also similar. However, the new procedure led to a significant reduction in the cumulative procedure duration (20.1 minutes vs 30.1 minutes), mean number of sessions (1.1 vs. 1.7), and mean number of hospital days (2.0 vs 5.5), and was therefore also cost-effective, reducing costs from a mean of 5813 to 2581 German marks (DM) per patient.

CONCLUSIONS
The new system for rapid establishment of large-caliber PTBD offers significant advantages in terms of saving hospital resources while maintaining clinical efficacy.


The earliest high-Tc oxide superconductors were generally studied in the form of porous polycrystalline pellets. As material preparation technology improved, resulting in samples with orientational order and a smaller concentration of impurity phases, the effects of granular behaviour did not disappear. In both the cases of disordered and partially-ordered structures, an important question arises as to how to interpret measured low-field resistivities in terms of the underlying anisotropic single-crystal values. This paper provides the answer to this question within the context of an effective-medium theory. The authors version of the effective-medium approximation attempts to describe the electrical properties of an inhomogeneous medium, consisting of a mixture of several types of anisotropic polycrystals with different degrees of orientational order.


Cloud storage (CS) is gaining much popularity nowadays because it offers low-cost and convenient network storage services. In this big data era, the explosive growth in digital data moves the users towards CS to store their massive data. This explosive growth of data causes a lot of storage pressure on CS systems because a large volume of this data is redundant. Data deduplication is a most-effective data reduction technique that identifies and eliminates the redundant data. Dynamic nature of data makes security and ownership of data as a very important issue. Proof-of-ownership schemes are a robust way to check the ownership claimed by any owner. However to protect the privacy of data, many users encrypt it before storing in CS. This method affects the deduplication process because encryption methods have varying characteristics. Convergent encryption (CE) scheme is widely used for secure data deduplication, but it destroys the message equality. Although, DupLESS provides strong privacy by enhancing CE, but it is also found insufficient. The problem with the CE-based scheme is that the user can decrypt the cloud data while he has lost his ownership. This paper addresses the problem of ownership revocation by proposing a secure deduplication scheme for encrypted data. The proposed scheme enhances the security against unauthorized encryption and poison attack on the predicted set of data.


The magnetic pore fabrics method is a useful technique to investigate the pore fabric of rocks. The method is based on impregnating porous samples with ferrofluid, a colloidal suspension of magnetic nanoparticles (particle size of 10 nm) in water or oil carrier fluid, and measuring the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility. It succesfully provides the average pore shape and orientation. This information is important to determine the preferred direction of fluid flow. A crucial step in magnetic pore fabric studies is ferrofluid impregnation; several studies pointed out the importance of forced impregnation methods to enhance impregnation efficiency. This study compares directional impregnation techniques (applying external forces along the ferrofluid flow along the axis of the core sample) with standard vacuum- and immersion-based methods. The newly developed or adapted techniques include: (1) pressure experiment: a cylindrical sample is placed in a metal tube under confining pressure of 12 bar, and an external pump-syringe system injects ferrofluid at a constant rate of 100 ml/min that generates a differential pressure of 5 bar; (2) resin flowthrough: vacuum is applied at the bottom of the sample and a mixture of resin and oil-based ferrofluid supplied at the top, so that the resin drags the fluid into the pores, where it hardens; (3) magnetically assisted flowthrough: fluid flow is enforced by the combined action of a hydraulic pressure gradient in the ferrofluid reservoir (~10 kPa) and the magnetic force exerted by the field gradient of about 2 A/m2 in the vicinity of an electric coil. These impregnation methods were tested on natural and synthetic samples, for which previous experiments employing standard impregnation methods exist. The natural samples include calcarenite from Apulia, Italy (50% porosity) and sandstone from Schupfheim, Swiss molasse (20% porosity). Synthetic samples consist of calcite and quartz sand in different proportions, consolidated with liquid glass (sodium silicate) in a cubic consolidation cell (specifically designed for the experiment), applying uniaxial pressure along the z axis, to create uniaxial anisotropy. The cube was dried in the oven for three days and three cylindrical cores were drilled along the x, y and z axes. For each impregnation method, the magnetic anisotropy of the samples was measured before and after impregnation. Impregnation efficiency was tested  using bulk susceptibility measurements, visual microscopic investigations and susceptibility profiles along the flow direction. Initial results show that (1) directional forced impregnation is more efficient than traditional methods in impregnating smaller pores,  avoids particle aggregation, and allows viscous fluid such as resin to acess the sample’s pores; (2) directional impregnation methods require less  fluid;  (3) the distribution of the ferrofluid after impregnation is more uniform, overcoming the difficulty of impregnating the  centre of the sample;  and (4) the fluid flow rate must be faster than the particle aggregation rate. For future studies, directional forced impregnation systems are recommended over standard vacuum- and immersion-based impregnation methods.


The sediments of the eastern Mediterranean Sea contain Corg-rich layers, termed sapropels, interbedded with Corg-poor sediments which form by far the greater part of the sedimentary record. This research presents a high-resolution geochemical investigation on slowly- and rapidly-accumulated SI units.Mn, Fe, I and Se profiles in slowly-accumulated SI units (5-10 cm/kyr) have shown that these sapropels are affected by post-depositional oxidation following their formation which produces a much thinner sapropel than was originally deposited. In the slowly-accumulated examples investigated, up to 11.5cm of the original sapropel has been lost through oxidation in as little as 6 kyr. Downward progression of the redox front causes the remobilisation and re-arrangement of redox-sensitive elements (As, Fe, I, Mn, Mo, Se,U and V) around the oxic/post-oxic boundary. Concentration-depth profiles of the redox-sensitive elements in SI have shown that these elements are immobilised in oxic and post-oxic conditions or both. It is noted that I and Se form well-defined peaks at the top of SI, and it is suggested that these two elements may be reliable markers for defining the location of an active oxidation front in the absence of pore water measurements. During this research, it was discovered that Hg behaves similarly to I and Se at the oxic/postoxic boundary, forming a well-defined peak in post-oxic conditions. In turbidite and sapropel examples, Hgis always closely associated with Se and it is suggested that Hg and Se become immobilised through the formation of the selenide mineral tiemannite (HgSe). The presence and persistence of Hg peaks in both recent and ancient sediments (up to 4 Ma) implies that Hg may be a useful diagnostic tool for defining the locations of both active and relict oxidation fronts. Investigation of two rapidly-accumulated Sis from the Adriatic (MD 90-917) and Aegean Seas(LC21) has shown that these cores have suffered negligible post-depositional oxidation due to rapid accumulation rates. The validity of the Ba/Al ratio as a more reliable and persistent productivity index has been confirmed in both LC21 and MD 90-917 where Ba/Al is directly related to Corg content over the entirevisual SI units. In both cores SI appears as a doublet. This doublet is centred on 7.5 kyr BP and geochemical and micropalaeontological evidence indicates that this "saddle" is best interpreted as an episode of improved reventilation and increased deep-water O2 concentrations. A number of redox-sensitive elements are enriched (Cr, Mo, Ni, S, Se, U, V and Zn) in LC21 and MD 90-917, and exhibit double peaks in their concentration depth profiles. The principal routes by which SI develops high authigenie levels of redox-sensitive elementsare: (i) pre-concentration in the water column by biological uptake followed by deposition at the sediment water interface and/or (ii) diffusion from seawater through pore waters into sediments followed by reductionand immobilisation under more reducing conditions. Under more reducing conditions, redox-sensitive elements are immobilised through associations with Corg, pyrite, sulphides or form insoluble solid phases(e.g. U is precipitated and immobilised as UO2(S)). Palaeoproductivity estimates based on Ba/Al weight ratios indicate that productivity was up to 5 times higher during SI formation compared with the present. It is suggested that high productivity wasinitiated by the formation of a deep chlorophyll maximum formed in response to an increased input of freshwater into the eastern Mediterranean. During SI formation, the flux of Corg greatly exceeded the supply of dissolved O2 to the bottom waters and so it is inferred that deposition of SI occurred under anoxic conditions. Interpretations of geochemical parameters such as S/C criteria, I/Corg and V/(V+Ni) ratios and framboidal pyrite sizes all indicate that bottom waters were anoxic-non sulphidic rather than anoxic-sulphidic during SI formation. The geochemical interpretation is in agreement with the benthic foraminiferal data, which show that the two S1 layers have an abundance of low-oxygen tolerant species. It is unclear whether anoxic conditions are induced by increased productivity alone or through a combination of increased productivity and reduction in deep-water formation. Evidence presented indicates that productivity and preservation are both necessary prerequisites for SI deposition. SI initiation and cessation was investigated by AMS 14C dating based upon the Ba/Al ratio criterion. AMS 14C ages for slowly-accumulated sapropels indicate that SI formation started at 10 kyr BP and ended by 5.3 kyr BP. For the rapidly-accumulated cores, the onset and termination of SI is more variable although SI was underway by 9.5kyr BP and complete by 6.0 kyr B.P. The offset in ages is attributed to bioturbation mixing artefacts affecting the Ba/Al signal in the slower-accumulated cores. Since rapidly-accumulated coresare not significantly affected by bioturbation, the best estimate for the duration of SI is 9.5-6.0 kyr B.P.


Studies were carried out to assess the population density of mealybug on ber and economic losses sustained. On an average there were 80.6 colonies per plant, each colony having 17.8 individuals. Similarly 15.4 egg masses covered with white waxy mealy matter were observed per plant, each egg mu. containing 90.7 orange coloured oval shaped eggs. Based on the market price of Infested and healthy frults, there was a net monetary loss of Rs. 25,800/ha accounting for 33.33 per cent loss due to mealybug infestation.


Orientation: To gain an understanding of the relational conditions required for effective mentoring of black-owned small businesses. Research purpose: To identify relational-based conditions for effective mentoring, which can be used to enhance business management skills of owner-managers of black-owned small businesses and eventually improve the survival of these businesses in South Africa. Motivation for the study: By identifying relational-based conditions needed for effective mentoring of black-owned small businesses, recommendations can be put forward that could help achieve harmonious mentoring relationships and ultimately ensure effective mentoring of these businesses. Research design, approach and method: An interpretivism paradigm was adopted and aqualitative research methodology was selected. Semistructured interviews were used to gauge the perceptions of participants about relational issues necessary for effective mentoring. Content and constant comparative analyses were used to analyse data. Main findings : The findings revealed that conditions surrounding the knowledge and expertise of the mentor, experience and age of the mentor, approachability of the mentor, mutual respect, open communication, mutual trust and honesty, passion and patience of the mentor, mentee's willingness to learn, alignment of expectations, as well as culture sensitivity of the mentor are to be considered for effective mentor–mentee relationship. Practical/managerial implications: Although mentoring is important to develop management skills of owner–managers, it is equally important that the mentor–mentee relationship is nurtured to achieve the desired outcomes of the relationship. Contribution/value-add: The alarming failure rates of small businesses in general and blackowned small businesses in particular could be improved by providing effective mentoring programmes to owner–managers by ensuring harmonious mentor–mentee relationships.


This article may be characterized as an analysis of the significance of global food prob lem on the current stage of world economy´s development. In this work the term «global food prob lem» means unprecedented rise of world food price in the late XX - early XXI century, which make starve poor people in most countries. The author adduces the theoretical methods of approach ing the global food problem, discloses the factors, which are the basis of this problem, describes the ways of mitigation of its impact on world economy. The article also contains the demarcation of the following terms: «food problem» and «food security». In the conclusion the author states that the main reason for the aggravation of the global food problem is a lack of investment to the applied agricultural sciences, which causes the inefficient use of resources. The conclusion also contains the ways of solving this problem.


CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE
Maintainance of postural balance requires detection of body movements, integration of sensory information in the central nervous system and an appropriate motor response. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether lower-limb dominance has an influence on postural balance.

DESIGN AND SETTING
This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP) and at Hospital do Coração (HCor).

METHODS
Forty healthy sedentary males aged 20 to 40 years, without any injuries, were evaluated. A single-foot balance test was carried out using the Biodex Balance System equipment, comparing the dominant leg with the nondominant leg of the same individual. The instability protocols used were level 8 (more stable) and level 2 (less stable), and three instability indices were calculated: anteroposterior, mediolateral and general.

RESULTS
The volunteers' mean age was 26 ± 5 years (range: 20-38), mean weight 72.3 ± 11 kg (range: 46-107) and mean height 176 ± 6 cm (range: 169-186). Thirty-four of them (85%) presented right-leg dominance (defined according to which leg they used for kicking) and six (15%) had left-leg dominance. There were no significant differences between the dominant and nondominant legs at the two levels of stability (eight and two), for any of the instability indices (general, anteroposterior and mediolateral).

CONCLUSION
The lower-limb dominance did not influence single-foot balance among sedentary males.


Spatial assimilation theory predicts that racial and ethnic residential segregation results at least in part from socioeconomic differences across groups. In contrast, the place stratification perspective emphasizes the role of prejudice and discrimination in shaping residential patterns. This article evaluates these perspectives by examining the role of race and class in explaining the residential segregation of African Americans, Hispanics, and Asians from non-Hispanic whites in all U.S. metropolitan areas over the 1990 to 2000 period. Using the dissimilarity index and various indicators of socioeconomic status (SES), we find that in both 1990 and 2000 high-SES racial and ethnic groups were significantly less segregated from non-Hispanic whites than corresponding low-SES groups, especially among Hispanics and Asians—much as the spatial assimilation model would predict. Consistent with the place stratification model, African Americans of all SES levels continued to be more segregated from whites than were Hispanics and Asians, and this changed little between 1990 and 2000. However, the importance of SES in explaining the segregation of African Americans from whites increased over the period, while not for Hispanics and Asian Americans, providing support for a modest increase in the applicability of the spatial assimilation model for African Americans in the 1990s.


Background: To determine the foeto-maternal outcome and the anaesthetic challenges in emergency peripartum hysterectomy at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu, Nigeria.
Method: A retrospective study was carried out on parturients that had had emergency peripartum hysterectomy at UNTH in Nigeria, from July 1998 to June 2006. Data collected included demographics, anaesthetic and obstetric records, foeto-maternal outcomes and the need for critical care management.
Results: There were a total of 6 798 deliveries and 6 485 live births, with 16 emergency peripartum hysterectomies. The incidence of emergency peripartum hysterectomy was 0.23% of all deliveries (2.3/1 000 deliveries). The causes of emergency hysterectomies were ruptured uterus (11 patients or 69%), placenta accreta/morbidly adherent placenta (4 patients or 25%) and uncontrollable postpartum haemorrhage following vaginal delivery (1 patient or 6%). Eight patients had subtotal hysterectomy, while eight had total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH). All the patients received general anaesthesia and blood transfusion. There were two postoperative admissions to the intensive care unit (ICU) and two procedure-related deaths due to hypovolaemic shock. There were nine stillbirths but no documented neonatal deaths.
Conclusion: Emergency peripartum hysterectomies challenge the anaesthetist and the obstetrician who have to maintain haemodynamic stability in patients who may have lost volumes of blood, in a setting where blood and colloid availability is often limited. The maternal mortality was higher than that of most of the studies reviewed.


Throughout the post–World War II period the president has been called upon to make decisions concerning the use of force as a political instrument. The explanation that is offered is based upon a characterization of the president as a cybernetic human decision maker facing limitations. These limitations, in conjunction with the complexity of the environment, lead presidents to develop and use a relatively simple decision rule. The dependent variable, which is the probability of the use of force at any point in time, is explained in terms of enduring and essential concerns, which are operationalized as coming from the international, domestic, and personal environments. Data are taken from Blechman and Kaplan's Force Without War. On the basis of our estimation and evaluation, presidential decisions to use force are based on factors in all three arenas.


/it rather than /«j in 2. 15 and for reading xpdas, irav oipov irelva in 5. 4. He brings seven emendations of his own into his text, most of which are at least reasonable. Particularly attractive is vyiaCvew for the manuscript variants enaweiv and imuveiv in 9. 36. flaptlv for the unintelligible (jifpeiv in 9. 67 seems doubtful Greek even for the writer of these letters, and the passage which Reuters quotes from Lucian gives no adequate parallel. Many difficulties are left in the text which are disregarded or inadequately explained in the commentary, e.g. <jviuf>oivovfiev Xoyots irpos tpya in 2. 6—7 and decopovvras in 7. 12. The commentary, apart from discussing textual and linguistic points, quotes numerous passages to illustrate the subject-matter, particularly those which reflect Cynic views. These are generally apposite, but those quoted to illustrate the meaning of 17 Sofa TOU xpvalov (94°) seem irrelevant. Surely the sense implied here is not the desire for more gold, but the reputation of having gold. Reuters may have been misled by Hercher's odd translation 'reverentia cultusque auri'. There is a useful appendix on words and forms used by the writer and these are well indexed. (But why are such words as aira£iai and aaxoXovfiax listed as 'verba poetica'?) The supplementary notes at the end of the book would have come more conveniently at their appropriate place in the main commentary. Most of these criticisms concern minor points. The work as a whole shows sound judgement and a maturity of scholarship rarely found in these inaugural dissertations.


At present, worrying quantities of tires are discarded due to the growth in demand for vehicles in the world, which has a direct impact on the deterioration of the environment since they normally go to landfills. Based on the background found, the use of this material for geotechnical applications can help reduce the pollution they generate and improve the physical and mechanical properties of soils. Therefore, this research seeks to evaluate a greater shear strength and capacity of support to the penetration of the clayey soil by means of the addition of 1.5%, 2.5% and 3.5% of rubber powder recycled. For this, the Atterberg limits analysis, the modified proctor compaction test, shear box and CBR were performed. For the shear box test, the results reflect that the cohesion of the mixture increased and the angle of internal friction decreased with respect to the natural soil, resulting in the sum in an increase of shear strength. On the other hand, the percentage of CBR increased, this means that the rubber helped the soil to be more rigid and have a greater resistance to penetration. These mixtures could be used in different projects within geotechnical engineering, as it presents an improvement in shear strength and an acceptable support index value (CBR).


In recent years, machine diagnostics through vibration monitoring is gaining a rising interest. Indeed, in the literature many advanced techniques are available to disclose the fault establishment as well as damage type, location and severity. Unfortunately, in general, these high-level algorithms are not robust to operational and environmental variables, restricting the field of applicability of machine diagnostics. Most of industrial machines in fact, work with variable loads, at variable speeds and in uncontrolled environments, so that the finally measured signals are often non-stationary. The very common time-series features based on statistical moments (such as root mean square, skewness, kurtosis, peak value and crest factor) undergo variations related to changes in the machine operational parameters (e.g. speed, load, ...) or in the environmental parameters (e.g. temperature, humidity, ...), which can be seen as non-measured, and then latent, confounding factors with respect to the health information of interest.
In order to face such issue, statistical techniques like (in a first exploratory stage) the Principal Component Analysis, or the Factor Analysis, are available. The pursuit of features insensitive to these factors, can be also tackled exploiting the cointegration property of non-stationary signals. In this paper, the most common methods for reducing the influence of latent factors are considered, and applied to investigate the data collected over the rig available @DIRG Lab, specifically conceived to test high speed aeronautical bearings monitoring vibrations by means of 2 tri-axial accelerometers while controlling the rotational speed (6000 – 30000 RPM), the radial load (0 to 1800 N) and recording the lubricant oil temperature. The compensation scheme is based on two procedures which are established in univariate analyses, but not so well documented in multivariate cases: the removal of deterministic trends by subtraction of a regression, and the removal of stochastic trends in difference stationary series by subtraction of the one-step ahead prediction from an autoregressive model. The extension of these methods to the multivariate case is here analysed to find an effective way of enhancing damage patterns when the masking effect due to the non-stationarities induced by latent factors is strong.


Monomodal systemic glucocorticoids remain the mainstay of treatment for bullous pemphigoid (BP). In this retrospective, single-arm study, we evaluated the feasibility (efficacy and tolerability) of the combination of methylprednisolone and low-dose (up to 12.5 mg/week) methotrexate (MP + MTX) for BP. At week 12, 53/55 (96.4%) patients initiated on MP + MTX during a five-year period (potential follow up time: ≥4 years) remained on treatment. At this time-point, BP remission was achieved in all compliant patients (including n = 24 cases of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors-associated BP; 12-week remission rate: 100% [95% CI: 91.9–100.0%]; mean time to remission: 29.5 days, SEM: 2.3 days) at a mean cumulative MP dose to disease control of 678.4 mg (SEM = 49.4 mg). Eight patients relapsed during follow up (10.81 [95% CI: 5.16–21.72] relapses/100 person years, py), and seven manifested a severe adverse event (6.80 [95% CI: 3.00–14.28] severe adverse events/100 py); however, 73.4% (±7.9%) had suffered neither a relapse nor a SAE at the three-years follow up. Continuing low dose MP intake (≤8 mg/day) beyond week 12 in combination with MTX minimized the risk of a feasibility limiting event (p = 0.013). Conclusively, the combination of methylprednisolone with methotrexate is a promising, safe, and efficient modality for BP patients, which enables rapid glucocorticoid tapering.


This article reports on a literature review of the practice of seclusion in psychiatric inpatient facilities. Attention is paid to the moral debate on seclusion. Most publications consider seclusion as a necessary intervention to manage problem behavior. The first part of the article deals with definitional aspects leading toward concept clarification. The review shows differences in definitional aspects, motives for seclusion, hospital characteristics, and patient characteristics. Data on frequency, incidence, and duration appear to be widely divergent. The experiences of patients who have been secluded are mostly negative, but positive reactions are also reported. In the publications of the last decade, there is emphasis on the contribution of hospital characteristics to trends in use of seclusion. Finally, it is concluded that seclusion is an effective way to manage (potentially) dangerous behavior and that seclusion is an intervention that may create therapeutic possibilities for care.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine European Union (EU) industrial relations in their development over time. It describes and analyzes their main constituent parts, which are deployed along four interlinked institutional dimensions: tripartite concertation; cross-industry social dialogue; sectoral social dialogue; and employee representation and negotiation at the transnational company level. The focus lies strictly on the emerging EU layer of industrial relations, which is common to the different Member States and not on comparative European industrial relations.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is conceptual in nature. It considers the differences and mutually interdependent legal and political processes, policies and institutions between EU industrial relations and national industrial relations.

Findings

The findings substantiate that EU industrial relations constitute an incomplete but perfectly traceable transnational reality distinct from industrial relations in the Member States. EU industrial relations are not to supersede but to supplement national industrial relations. Neither the EU institutional framework nor the European social partners have the mandate, legitimation or desire to perform a more ambitious role.

Research limitations/implications

More empirically oriented research would further support the findings in the paper.

Originality/value

The paper presents a conceptual review based on a comprehensive and critical reading of the literature on EU industrial relations. It also puts labor strategies at the forefront of the analysis in corporate relocation.


Precautions to prevent environmental degradation, which is important for the continuation of life, are among the most important issues to which all countries attach importance. For a sustainable environment, it is necessary to make both globally common and individual policy arrangements appropriate to the capabilities of each country. In the applied literature, there are very few studies on the main macroeconomic factors affecting environmental degradation in the independent Turkic Republics and Türkiye which have an ecological deficit despite their underground and aboveground natural resources. For this reason, panel data analyses were conducted for the independent Turkic Republics of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Türkiye using annual data for the period 1996-2018, depending on data availability. In the analysis, ecological footprint, which represents environmental degradation, is considered as a dependent variable; GDP per capita, economic complexity index, non-renewable and renewable energy consumption, and trade openness are considered as independent variables. The results of the analyses show that the most important determinants of environmental footprint are GDP per capita, non-renewable energy consumption, and economic complexity index.


Congestion can be recognized through roads filled with cars, trucks, buses and sidewalks filled with pedestrians. It usually relates to an excess of vehicles at a particular time resulting in lower speeds, sometimes much slower than normal speeds. Public transportation is a vital element in solving the congestion problem in the city. In Indonesia, currently, safe and convenient transportation modes to move from one point to another still rarely found. Therefore, the growth rate of personal vehicles soaring from year to year. Therefore, in this research a set of simulation models have been developed to mitigate congestion through the improvement of public transportation. As a method used to develop the model, system dynamics is utilized based on consideration that the method can accommodate nonlinear relationships between factors that have significant contribution to mitigate the traffic congestion. Research results show that the improvement of public transportation through comfort, safety, reliability and affordable cost can mitigate the traffic congestion.


We report results on the branching fraction ($\mathcal{BF}$) measurement of the color-suppressed decays $\bar{B}^0\to D^0 \pi^0$, $D^{*0}\pi^0$, $D^0\eta$, $D^{*0}\eta$, $D^0\omega$, $D^{*0}\omega$, $D^0\eta^{\prime}$, and $D^{*0}\eta^{\prime}$. The result is based on a sample of $(454\pm 5)\times 10^{6} B\bar{B}$ pairs collected at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance from 1999 to 2007, with the $\babar$ detector at the PEP-II storage rings at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. The measurements are compared to theoretical predictions by factorization, SCET and pQCD.


Temporal registration is the establishment of correspondence between two (or more) temporal frames of video sequences, or 3-D volume data. In this paper, we propose to use event dynamics, a property that is inherent to an event and is thus common to all acquisitions of the event, for both global and local temporal registration of video sequences in order to generate high temporal resolution video. We compare our approach to a widely used linear interpolation based temporal registration algorithm and demonstrate that in the case of low temporal acquisition rate, a global event dynamics based approach, such as ours, has smaller temporal registration error. We also present a unique application of our work in solving 3-D (2D + time) high temporal resolution medical data visualization problem.


The present study aimed to assess the expression of growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) and microRNA (miR)-21 in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and attempted to explore their association with clinical features. CD4+ T cells were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy donors and SLE patients by magnetic-activated cell sorting. GAS5 and miR-21 expression levels in cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ T cells were measured by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results revealed that GAS5 and miR-21 levels were significantly elevated in CD4+ T cells of patients with SLE compared with those in control subjects (P<0.05). Regarding clinical features, SLE patients with ulceration had higher GAS5 expression levels in CD4+ T cells than those without ulceration (P<0.05), and the expression of miR-21 was significantly higher in CD4+ T cells of SLE patients with low levels of complement component 3 (C3) than in those with normal levels of complement C3 (P<0.05). In conclusion, GAS5 and miR-21 in CD4+ T cells may serve as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of the progression of SLE.


A method of postoperative treatment of the anaerobic infection of the lower extremity soft tissues is proposed which consists in the wide opening of the wounds with a simple device. Fixation of the extremity in the device is provided by the intracutaneously conducted and strained extension wires. Due to the effect of decompression of the tissues, gaping wounds and extension of the skin margins, there appear conditions for subsiding the inflammation, effective control, management of the wounds and closing of them by secondary sutures to form a linear cicatrix. The authors succeeded in shortening the time of preparing the wound for closure and obtaining better results.


Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common injury among orthopaedic patients with many different treatment modalities including bone‐patella‐bone autograft (BPBA) ACL reconstruction. Patella tendon width has been reported to be a predictor of recovery speed and success following BPBA repair. This study reports on the strength of the relationship between patella width and patella tendon width. Twenty fresh frozen cadavers were included in the study. Patella and patellar tendon measurements were recorded at the midpoint of the patellar tendon. Pearson correlation and linear regression were used to determine the relationship between patella width and patellar tendon width. Bivariate correlations with 95% confidence intervals and coefficients of determination (R2) are reported. The study used 20 cadavers, 12 men and 8 women with a mean age of 72 (standard deviation [SD] = 12; range = 44 to 87). The mean patella width was 49.24mm (SD = 4.11; range 42.33mm–56.33mm) while the mean patellar tendon width was 26.10mm (SD = 3.31; range 18.33mm–33.33mm). The correlation between patella width and patellar tendon width was 0.67 (95% confidence interval = 0.45 − 0.81). R2, the percent of variance in patellar tendon width accounted for by patella width, was 0.45. The regression equation for predicting patellar tendon width (y) yielded a formula of y = 0.536 + −0.316 × patella width. A moderate correlation exists between patella width and patellar tendon width. Our data suggests that this correlation is strongest with wider patellas and is more loosely associated with smaller patellas. Clin. Anat. 25:398–400, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) can result in inflammation, pain, lameness and osteoarthritis. Because there is no isometric point for surgical stabilization for CCLR, the anatomical replacement of the ruptured cranial cruciate ligament with synthetic material may provide better outcomes. This retrospective study compared short-term post-operative outcomes between an intra-articular suture technique and a lateral suture technique for treating CCLR in toy breed dogs. Twenty dogs with unilateral CCLR were divided into two groups. The lateral suture technique was a lateral circumfabellar tibial suture with monofilament nylon and the intra-articular suture was performed by passing a suture through the femoral condyle tunnel and the tibial tunnel to stabilize the knee joint with non-absorbable braided polyester fiber. All dogs were assessed for lameness using an adapted five-point lameness scoring system at 0, 7, 30 and 60 days after surgery. Pre-operative lameness scores were comparable between the intra-articular suture and the lateral suture techniques (3.3±0.7 vs. 3.5±0.5, p >0.05). The post-operative lameness scores of dogs with the intra-articular suture were significantly lower than the scores of dogs with the lateral suture at day 7 (1.6±0.5 vs. 2.4±0.7, p <0.05) and day 30 (0.3±0.5 vs. 1.2±1.3, p <0.05). Nonetheless, there was no significant difference in the post-operative lameness scores of dogs in the two groups at day 60 (0.1±0.3 vs. 0.3±0.5, p >0.05). This study suggests that an intra-articular technique may provide a faster return to limb function than a lateral suture technique in toy breed dogs affected by CCLR.


1,4-Polymyrcene was synthesized by anionic polymerization and epoxidized using meta-chloroperbenzoic acid. Samples with different degrees of epoxidation (25%, 49%, 74%, and 98%) were prepared and examined according to their chemical and thermal properties. Epoxidation was found to increase the glass transition temperature (Tg = 14 °C for the 98% epoxidized 1,4-polymyrcene) as well as the shelf live (>10 months). The trisubstituted epoxide groups were remarkably stable against nucleophiles under basic conditions but cross-linked or hydrolyzed in the presence of an acid. Also, highly epoxidized 1,4-polymyrcene readily cross-linked upon annealing at 260 °C to produce an epoxy resin.


Non-Euclidean traveling salesman problem (TSP) construction heuristics, and especially asymmetric TSP construction heuristics, have been neglected in the literature by comparison with the extensive eAorts devoted to studying Euclidean TSP construction heuristics. This state of aAairs is at odds with the fact that asymmetric models are relevant to a wider range of applications, and indeed are uniformly more general that symmetric models. Moreover, common construction approaches for the Euclidean TSP have been shown to produce poor quality solutions for non-Euclidean instances. Motivation for remedying this gap in the study of construction approaches is increased by the fact that such methods are a great deal faster than other TSP heuristics, which can be important for real time problems requiring continuously updated response. The purpose of this paper is to describe two new construction heuristics for the asymmetric TSP and a third heuristic based on combining the other two. Extensive computational experiments are performed for several diAerent families of TSP instances, disclosing that our combined heuristic clearly outperforms well-known TSP construction methods and proves significantly more robust in obtaining (relatively) high quality solutions over a wide range of problems. " 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


This article discusses aspects of the development of the global market of consulting services. The features of the formation of the consulting industry in Uzbekistan in the conditions of transition to a market economy are evaluated. A number of services in the field of innovative consulting, influencing the development of the services market in the context of global challenges, are considered


Abstract The presented method of surface modification of single-crystal silicon by chemical etching makes it possible to obtain homogeneous nanostructured silicon layers with a thickness from 3 to 60 nm for application in micro- and nano-electronics as new multifunctional material. These results could be applied to the creation of sensitive photodetectors for visible and ultraviolet ranges. The method of scanning tunneling spectroscopy shows, that the changes in the thickness of nanostructured silicon layers affect the type of conductivity, and it opens new prospective for a practical application of nanostructured silicon in nano-electronics. The obtained current-voltage characteristics of nanostructured silicon layers showed different degrees of filling of the valence band, the conduction band and the appearance on the curve of the tunneling conductance of new peaks in the gas environment. The latter gives the possibility to use the method of scanning tunneling spectroscopy for a generation of gas and biosensors. The immune biosensor is proposed in the lab on a chip form based on the nanostructured silicon for the simultaneous analysis of numerous samples. The developed biosensor based on nanostructured silicon is very promising for use in so-called systems of lab-on-chip because it can be used for rapid analysis of various immune responses and is fully compatible with silicon planar technology used in the manufacturing of the semiconductor devices.


Abstract Plantation slavery in the New World, in particular its relationship to the emergence of capitalism in Europe and North America, has long been a subject of debate and discussion among historians and social scientists. While there are literally thousands of monographs studying various aspects of chattel slavery in the US South, the Caribbean and Brazil, only a handful of works attempt to provide a synthetic account of its rise and decline from the sixteenth through nineteenth centuries. Few scholars, on the Left or Right, have made as profound a contribution to such a history as Robin Blackburn. Blackburn's latest work, The American Crucible: Slavery, Emancipation and Human Rights, does not simply summarise and update his earlier work, but extends his analysis to the rise and decline of 'second slavery' in nineteenth-century Cuba, Brazil and the US South. The American Crucible provides a multi-causal explanation of the origins and abolition of New World plantation slavery, examining the complex interactions between the rise of capitalism, political crises in the metropolitan countries, the transformation of popular and elite attitudes toward slavery, and the struggles of the slaves themselves. However, Blackburn's inability to grapple with the specific structure and dynamics of capitalist and slave social-property relations, and their changing historical relationship, weakens key elements of his analysis.


This study investigated shallow groundwater quality and yield for irrigation along Hadejia River Basin of Jigawa State in both the dry and rainy seasons of one year. Sites in the floodplain with a history of irrigation where the use of tube wells is dominant were selected covering a transect of about 135 km. Six transects, oriented perpendicular to the river channel were established within 1 km2 in each site. Three tube wells were sampled and positioned along each transect at regular intervals, making a total of 18 wells in each site. To ensure quality control and quality assurance, the sampling standard methods prescribed by APHA (2005) were followed carefully for the collection of groundwater samples. Pumping test, which was repeated four times at 15 min interval in both morning and evening hours was used to measure groundwater yield. Multivariate statistical tools such as analysis of variance, Pearson product moment correlation, and cluster analysis were used respectively, to test the research hypothesis and to classify sampling points into similar groups based on groundwater quality. Results showed that the suitability of the water is lower in the dry season than in the rainy season. Average yield of wells for evening hours recorded a higher yield of 3.3 l/s (56%) than yield in the morning hours of 2.6 l/s (44%). Although groundwater average yield was found to be within the standard (2.5 l/s) for irrigation, it is realized that any extraction of the resource more than the prevailing rate can induce a decline in groundwater yield. A decision support system is recommended among the strategies to improve groundwater resources management in the area.

 Key words: Shallow groundwater, condition, floodplain irrigation, River Basin.


This article examines the determinants of private-sector bribes, focusing on the relative effectiveness of anti-corruption policies. Using survey data on Croatian firms, results show that, of the different anti-corruption policies (including internal and external policies), firms' internal code of ethics proved to be an effective deterrent. Firms might also be engaging in corruption among themselves to strategically counter perceived bureaucratic power. In other findings, male employees were more likely to engage in private-sector bribery, while firms located in the capital were less likely to do so. Policy implications are discussed.


Through a focus on La nina santa/The Holy Girl by Lucrecia Martel (2004) and XXY by Lucia Puenzo (2007), this chapter examines the relationship between texts, sex and money. It considers theoretical approaches to European funding programmes and world cinema, and argues that a number of European production companies have created spaces for queer cinema that has proven beneficial to a range of Latin American films and has coincided with a boom in films directed by women. The article focuses on two new powerful protagonists, Amalia, Martel's holy girl, and Puenzo's Alex, an intersex teenager, who both bring new gazes and new forms of representation to global screens. The study is concerned with the ways in which certain film languages can be used to address an implied international art cinema spectator to make queerness part of our filmic conversation with texts, and the ways in which these languages engage with new modernities emerging through the reconfigurations of new queer families.


Stunting in infants is an indication of chronic malnutrition as a result of a bad condition that lasts long from birth. Stunting that occurs in the First 1000 Days of Life can increase mortality and impaired body functions. Malnutrition in toddlers can also arise due to the culture, habits, and social community related to food intake. Madura is known as a patriarchal society and considers culture as an identity in behavior, including health behavior. The purpose of this study was to analyze the incidence of stunting in children aged 24-59 months based on Transcultural Nursing. This research used a descriptive-analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The number of respondents was 97 mothers with children under five (24-59 months with a simple random sampling technique. The dependent variable of this study was the stunting event. The independent variable consisted of technological factors, family and social support, cultural values and lifestyle, economy, and mother's education. Data collection using microtome and questionnaires and analyzed using chi-square statistical tests with significance level α <0.05. There was a relationship between technological factors (p=0.045), family and social support factors (p=0.048), cultural values & lifestyle (p=0.013), and economic factors (p=0.034) with the incidence of stunting in infants. Future studies are recommended to conduct further research on transcultural nursing-based interventions as an early effort to prevent and manage stunting in mother's economy and education.


This research is motivated by problems that exist in the field, namely the lack of preparation of students in accepting the new curriculum where subjects are combined into one. Besides, there is a lack of applicable learning that can be applied with media-based learning. Through this research, it is hoped that the research objective can be achieved, namely the development of crossword puzzles (TTS) media to increase the learning motivation of SDIT Darul Falah students, especially grade IV. This study aims to develop a valid, interesting, and effective crossword puzzle (TTS) learning media in learning at SDIT Darul Falah Cukir. The research subjects were 19 students of SDIT Darul Falah Cukir in the even semester of the 2021/2022 academic year. This development research uses the ADDIE development model. The results of this study indicate that: the results of the validity of several experts obtained are media experts in the first stage media experts get an average of 2.7 with sufficient categories, in the second stage they get 3.5 in other words get good categories, and all three media experts scored. a score of 4.4 in other words got a very good score. While the score of 4.5 is in the very good category, from RPP experts 4.5 is in the very good category and the test for educators gets a score of 4.4 in the very good category, from the media trial on limited students getting a score of 4.4 in the very good category, and in the media test the students of one class got a score of 4.4 in the very good category. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the crossword puzzle learning media developed is valid, interesting, and effective so that it is suitable for use in learning.


BACKGROUND
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) leads to increased bone turnover, low bone mineral density, and increased fracture risk. These effects are, however, preferentially seen in the distal forearm, which is rich in cortical bone. This study aimed to determine how frequently the distal forearm T score was the worst T score and if this T score alone led to higher rate of diagnosis of osteopenia or osteoporosis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed a prospective database of 300 patients undergoing parathyroidectomy at our institution between November 2000 and January 2009. The bone mineral density of the lumbar spine, total proximal femurs, and distal third of the nondominant radius was measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry. Data on bone density are reported as T scores.

RESULTS
The mean T scores were -1.30 ± 0.2 in the distal forearm, -1.0 ± 0.1 in the total proximal femurs, and -0.9 ± 0.1 in the spine. The distal forearm T score was the worst bone mineral density T score in 39% of patients. This T score alone led to an upstaging in diagnosis to osteopenia or osteoporosis in 9.4% of patients.

CONCLUSION
In patients with PHPT, the worst T score is commonly found in the distal forearm. This T score can identify additional patients with a diagnosis of osteopenia or osteoporosis. Distal forearm bone mineral density should, therefore, be assessed in all patients who have a diagnosis of PHPT.


Castration . . . is the seminal fantasy of the decadent imagination. — Charles Bernheimer, "Fetishism and Decadence: Salomé's Severed Heads" When now I announce that the fetish is a substitute for the penis, I shall certainly create disappointment; so I hasten to add that it is not a substitute for any chance penis, but for a particular and quite special penis that had been extremely important in early childhood but had later been lost. That is to say, it should normally have been given up, but the fetish is precisely designed to preserve it from extinction. To put it more plainly: the fetish is a substitute for the woman's (the mother's) penis that the little boy once believed in and — for reasons familiar to us — does not want to give up. — Sigmund Freud, "Fetishism" DESPITE FREUD'S AUTHORITATIVE DECLARATION, contemporary critical theory deploys a conceptual plasticity of the fetish, which refutes the notion of any single narrative of origin.1 Many recent discussions of the fetish have pointed to the limits of the explanatory powers of classical psychoanalysis2 and have been critical of the theoretical importance invested in a narrative of causation which figures women's bodies as "lacking" or mutilated, according to "the fact" of their "castration." Focusing on Oscar Wilde's Salomé, this essay will argue that despite Bernheimer's claim,3 the Freudian fable of castration need not be taken as the singular, phallic, "seminal fantasy of the decadent imagination." To do so merely reiterates the gender and sexual hierarchies of classical psychoanalysis and denies the ambiguity of some fetishistic imagery produced in the fin de siècle.


The Boliden-Laangdal area in the eastern part of the Skellefte district consists of an early Proterozoic volcanic-sedimentary sequence which includes massive sulfide deposits. Both the ores and their country rocks have been strongly folded and metamorphosed in the lower amphibolite facies and intruded by synorogenic (1,890 m.y.) and late orogenic (1,750 m.y.) granitoids.The calc-alkaline/tholeiitic volcanic suite displays petrological and geochemical features similar to Phanerozoic subduction-related volcanic arcs. Its bimodal character suggests that extensional forces dominated in the arc during long periods, probably producing incipient rifting. In connection with this tensional stress large volumes of felsic pyroclastic and subordinate lava flows were extruded and large-scale tectono-volcanic depressions formed (e.g., calderas). This event, with predominantly felsic volcanism, culminated with the extrusion of genetically unrelated mafic and ultramafic rocks. Most of this activity occurred as submarine volcanism.The convergence in space and time of a thick volcanic sequence with high permeability, synvolcanic faulting, and a high geothermal gradient produced by the magmatic activity favored the starting of a convective hydrothermal system where the fluid was modified seawater. The hydrothermal activity produced extensive alteration in the volcanic rocks under low water/rock mass ratio conditions, changing their original chemical compositions and producing ore-bearing hydrothermal solutions. The geochemical data suggest that most of the Cu and Zn were leached from the volcanic rocks whereas the provenance of the Pb is more uncertain because it is normally enriched in these rocks. When the ore-bearing hydrothermal solutions reached the sea floor, they caused the deposition of massive sulfide deposits within local tectono-volcanic depressions.


When examining the over-all picture of the Ventura basin, one is impressed by the number of large thrust faults which occur. These east-west faults are among the most predominant structural features of the area. Much of the present topography is controlled by these faults. There is good evidence that much of the movement of these faults occurred during the Pleistocene and some of them may have been active as late as that period of chronological confusion when the Pleistocene ended and the Recent began. In several places a north-dipping fault overrides a south-dipping fault, indicating that there were probably two periods of faulting. The displacement of these faults varies from that of a few hundred feet to as much as 20,000 feet. If known rates of movement now occurring n Southern California are applied to these faults, it is possible to postulate that more than 600,000 years were required for the displacement to have taken place on some of the larger faults. Many of the Ventura basin oil fields are closely associated with these thrust faults. The four predominant relationships are as follows. 1. Anticlinal accumulation on the upper plate. The Oak Ridge oil fields are examples. 2. Accumulation on the upper plate against the fault such as in the Ramona field. 3. Oil zones are repeated. This occurs in the Oak Canyon field. 4. Subfault accumulations such as in the Timber Canyon and Ojai fields. In conclusion it is suggested that further exploration along these fault trends will discover more oil. End_of_Article - Last_Page 184------------


The article considers the thesis about A. Ayer's radical empiricism as one of the possible conceptual sources for the development of the theory of J. Austin's speech acts. In contemporary research literature more attention is devoted to the inquiry of the discussion between A. Ayer and J. Austin on the matter of "sense-data". At the same time it can be stated that few attention is devoted to the historical and philosophical reconstruction of their mutual influence. The importance of this kind of reconstruction is caused by the fact that contention between A. Ayer and J. Austin in Oxford during 1930s and 1940s can be viewed as preliminary work of reception of the idea of L. Wittgenstein's "language-games". By comparing A. Ayer's "empirical / ethical" and J. Austin's "conservative / performative" oppositions one could show that A. Ayer's earlier views on ethics expressed in his work "Language, Truth and Logic "cannot be unconditionally attributed to the logical positivism. Ayer's following statements were considered: 1) ethical judgements state as judgments of arousal of feelings and stimulation to action; 2) ethical judgements state as expression of ethical feelings; 3) ethical judgements add nothing in terms of factual meaning; 4) feelings are not a necessary condition for their expression. In conclusion one can say that in a certain sense Ayer's approach to the ethical judgment is open to understanding that the meaning of a word is its use in the language. The results of its ethical analysis can be viewed as an important impulse to the development of ordinary language philosophy. Therefore, it is possible to consider logical positivism as including the inevitable premises for creation the ordinary language philosophy.


Mice infected shortly after birth with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus are not immunologically tolerant, although they carry the virus throughout life. These LCM carrier mice make anti-LCM antibody, which apparently complexes with viral antigen in the circulation and these complexes accumulate in the glomeruli. LCM carrier mice of different strains vary significantly as to concentration of detectable infectious virus in their tissue, amount and time of appearance of anti-LCM antibody, and development of an associated chronic disease. The chronic disease consists primarily of glomerulonephritis, focal hepatic necrosis, and disseminated lymphoid infiltrations. LCM carriers of the SWR/J strain contain high tissue concentrations of virus, considerable anti-LCM antibody detectable in the glomeruli by 3 wk to 2 months of age and develop chronic disease within the first 2–3 months of life. In contrast, C3H strain LCM carriers contain 1/1000 as much infectious virus, less detectable anti-LCM antibody, and have not, over a 24 month observation period, developed any detectable disease. B10D2 old and new carrier mice with intermediate amounts of virus develop chronic disease during the latter half of the first year of life. The pathogenesis of the glomerulonephritis of chronic LCM disease is apparently related to the formation of circulating virus-antibody complexes which are trapped in the glomerular filter. There is no evidence for direct glomerular injury by the virus nor for any autoimmune response by the host.


Asbestos is a commercial term of natural occurring silicated minerals and forms long, thin fibers. Chrysotile, the serpentine asbestos, accounts for most use in commercial use. Asbestos is well known health hazard material and it is proved that inhalation of asbestos fibers leads to increased risk of developing several diseases such as lung cancer, mesothelioma, asbestosis. In these days, people most at risk for exposure are maintenance and construction workers and general citizens who are working on and close to the work area at which asbestos containing material is disturbing. Non asbestiform, though its chemical composition is same with regulated asbestos, is known to be less hazardous than asbestiform. Exposure guideline, 0.01 f/ml, is not safe level in terms of health risk. It is reasonable to take preventable action when asbestos is suspicious. In Korea, it is necessary to clarify the concept between hazard and risk, to differentiate asbestiform from non asbestiform, to make regulations for compensation for asbestos related patients, to manage future exposure for general citizens.