The Central North Sea Graben is, at pre-Cretaceous levels, a relatively under-explored province of the United Kingdom Continental Shelf. The hydrocarbon potential was recognized in the early 1970s, but both technology and economics prohibited any serious exploration efforts at that time. Exploration for deep targets increased significantly during the second half of the 1980s. This resulted in the discovery and appraisal of several fields, such as the moderately overpressured Marnock and Skua fields and the highly overpressured Erskine, Puffin, Franklin and Heron fields. From a regional viewpoint, the overpressures observed in the pre-Cretaceous reservoirs in the Central North Sea Graben follow a well-defined trend, increasing with depth. Similarly, the minimum effective stresses derived from leak-off pressures measured in the overlying seals follow a comparable trend related to the present-day depth of burial. This indicates that the present distribution of overpressures is controlled by retention and that the understanding of overpressure generation is of second-order importance. A more detailed analysis combining the areal distribution of overpressures with the structural framework suggests that the Central North Sea Graben can be subdivided into several pressure cells. The boundaries between the cells are controlled by faults which, in many instances, show signs of repeated reactivation. This reactivation has led in some cases to failure of otherwise well-defined structural traps, whereas in other cases it may have enhanced the trapping integrity. Examples of intermediate cases can also be recognized, which clearly show that the pressure cells form part of a dynamic system, controlled primarily by the structural evolution of the Central North Sea. A sound understanding of the structural framework and its evolution is therefore of paramount importance in predicting trap integrity and overpressure regimes prior to drilling. The drilling of deep high-pressure/high-temperature wells and the acquisition of modern 3D seismic data permit a continuous improvement in the understanding of overpressures and their distribution.


We consider an automated market maker (AMM) in which all trades are batched and executed at a price equal to the marginal price (i.e., the price of an arbitrarily small trade) after the batch trades. We show that such an AMM is a function maximizing AMM (or FM-AMM): for given prices, it trades to reach the highest possible value of a given function. Competition between arbitrageurs guarantees that an FM-AMM always trades at a fair, equilibrium price, and arbitrage profits (also known as LVR) are eliminated. Sandwich attacks are also eliminated because all trades occur at the exogenously-determined equilibrium price. We use Binance price data to simulate the lower bound to the return of providing liquidity to an FM-AMM. We show that this bound is very close to the empirical returns of providing liquidity on Uniswap v3 (at least for the token pairs and the period we consider).


Patients with esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) have a poor prognosis and high mortality rate. Although standard therapies have had effect, there is an urgent requirement to develop novel options, as increasing drug tolerance has been identified in clinical practice. In the present study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of ESCA were identified in The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression databases. Functional and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses were performed. The Connectivity Map (CMAP) was selected to predict drugs for the treatment of ESCA, and their target genes were acquired from the Search Tool for Interactions of Chemicals (STITCH) by uploading the Simplified Molecular-Input Line-Entry System structure. Additionally, significant target genes and ESCA-associated hub genes were extracted using another PPI analysis, and the corresponding drugs were added to construct a network. Furthermore, the binding affinity between predicted drug candidates and ESCA-associated hub genes was calculated using molecular docking. Finally, 827 DEGs (|log2 fold-change|≥2; q-value <0.05), which are principally involved in protein digestion and absorption (P<0.005), the plasminogen-activating cascade (P<0.01), as well as the 'biological regulation' of the Biological Process, 'membrane' of the Cellular Component and 'protein binding' of the Molecular Function categories, were obtained. Additionally, 11 hub genes were obtained from the PPI network (all degrees ≥30). Furthermore, the 15 first screen drugs were extracted from CMAP (score <−0.85) and the 9 second screen drugs with 70 target genes were extracted from STITCH. Furthermore, another PPI analysis extracted 51 genes, and apigenin, baclofen, Prestwick-685, menadione, butyl hydroxybenzoate, gliclazide and valproate were selected as drug candidates for ESCA. Those molecular docking results with a docking score of >5.52 indicated the significance of apigenin, Prestwick-685 and menadione. The results of the present study may lead to novel drug candidates for ESCA, among which Prestwick-685 and menadione were identified to be significant new drug candidates.


The aim of the study was to investigate the contribution of agricultural sectors towards growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP) of Pakistan. The data ranged from 1996 to 2015 were used to achieve the objectives of the study. The Augmented Dickey Fuller test was applied to examine the stationarity of data and multiple regression models were used to check the impact of agricultural sector on GDP. The results revealed that agriculture sector significantly contributed towards GDP growth rate. One percent increase in the agriculture sector caused 5.56 percent increase in the growth of GDP. Agricultural crops like cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum) , sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum ), maize ( Zea mays ), Lentil/masoor ( Lens culinaris ), mung bean ( Vigna radiate ), onion ( Allium cepa ) and chilies ( Capsicum annuam ) and subsector livestock significantly contributed to GDP. Other independent variables rice ( Oryza sativa ), wheat ( Triticum aestivum) , mash ( Vigna mungo ), potato ( Solanum tuberosum ) and subsectors forestry and fishery had not significant contribution in the GDP growth rate.


ABSTRACT Objective To formulate guidelines for screening of diabetic retinopathy (DR) for the World Health Organization (WHO) South-East Asia Region (SEAR) aligned with the current infrastructure and human resources for health (HRH). Design A consultative group discussion of technical experts of the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness (IAPB) from SEAR. Participants IAPB country chairs and DR technical experts from SEAR countries. Methods Data related to DR in SEAR was collected from published literature on available DM and DR guidelines and the participating experts. The 10 SEAR countries (the Democratic Republic of Korea was not included for lack of sufficient data) were divided into 3 resource levels (low, medium, and high) based on gross national income/per capita, cataract service indicators (cataract surgical rate and cataract surgical service), current infrastructure and available HRH. Two countries each were assigned to low (Myanmar, Timor-Leste) and high resource (India, Thailand) levels, and the remaining 6 countries (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Indonesia, Maldives, Nepal, Sri Lanka) were assigned the medium resource level. The DR care system was divided into 3 levels of care (essential, recommended, and desirable) and 3 levels of service delivery (primary, secondary, and tertiary). Main outcome measures Primary, secondary, and tertiary level guidelines for screening of DR Results Nine WHO SEAR countries participated in the formulation of the new country-specific DR screening guidelines. The DR screening recommendations were: advocacy at the community level, visual acuity measurement, and non-mydriatic fundus photography at the primary level, comprehensive eye examination and retinal laser at the secondary level, and intravitreal therapy and vitrectomy at the tertiary level. The systemic care of DM and hypertension are recommended at all levels commiserating with their care capabilities. Conclusions The DR guidelines for the SEAR region are the first region-specific and resource-aligned recommendations for comprehensive DR care in each country of the region. In the future, the new technological advances in retinal camera technology, teleophthalmology, and artificial intelligence should be included within the structure of the public DR care system.


The purpose of this article is to describe and define the special features of teaching and learning in the northern areas of Finland, especially in Arctic contexts. The article introduces the essence of Arctic pedagogy by introducing its challenges and goals, possibilities and significance. A model of Arctic pedagogy to be applied in northern education is outlined as a five-level action and teaching tool, which is manifested in learning processes, learning environments, teacherhood, educational leadership, and multi-professionalism. The cornerstones of Arctic pedagogy are adapting, understanding, and analyzing Arctic information in learning processes, student-centered caring teacherhood, wide-ranging networking to support learning, and communalism. The relationship between Arctic information, its implementation through Arctic pedagogy, and the goals of Arctic future skills are discussed.


Various studies on measured levels of pesticides in water have been completed and data from these studies are currently available on a surface water database maintained by the Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR). W e examine portions of two databases in this report and suggest statistical methodology for approaching questions of importance in monitoring pesticide levels in water. The question of primary interest is the merging of concentrations, measured over time, space and sampling technique, into a coherent pesticide signal from a given region. This involves handling time series that are irregularly observed, due to missing observations or different sampling rates We consider models over time and space that lead to prediction limits for the pesticide signal during episodes where the concentrations may be exceeding regulatory standards. A recommended exploratory data analysis and modeling procedure is developed and applied to concentrations of various pesticides, focusing on chlorpyrifos and diazinon, measured in a Dow Chemical Study on Orestimba Creek and diazinon and simazine in a U.S. Geological Survey study along the San Joaquin River.


The combined San Pedro Bay, California Ports (Long Beach and Los Angeles) have been developed mostly by placing dredged material behind rock dikes to create useable land and the wharfs constructed over the rock dikes. An overview of the stability analysis of the dikes was presented in a 1991 paper that summarized slope stability and seismic criteria prior to 1991. Since that time, deeper channel depths, higher seismic criteria, and higher seismic survivability expectations by the users have resulted in higher levels of analysis. This paper provides an update of a paper presented in 1991 and presents data regarding slope stability finite element/difference method (FEM) analysis completed by different investigators that included the contribution of the wharf piles that extend through the rock dikes to slope stability and reduction of deformation. The conclusions reached and statements made in this paper are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the opinions of other parties, firms, or ports in any of the projects referenced.


Lithospheric temperatures beneath the eastern China were estimated by local isostasy equilibrium constrained geothermal calculation in this study. Maps of the lateral temperature variation at depths of 40,70,100km and Moho boundary are presented for the eastern China,and the 600℃ and 1100℃ isotherm depth maps are also given. Meanwhile,the thermal thickness of the lithosphere is calculated as the depth of 1350℃ isotherm depth. The results show that the lithospheric root of 160~180km thick exists under Sichuan basin in the western part of Yangtze platform,but absent beneath the entire North China craton. It is notable that the lithospheric thickness is only 130~140km beneath Ordos region in the western part of North China craton; accordingly,there is no lithospheric root beneath Ordos block. Furthermore,no "mantle plumes" exist in the region east of the Daxing'anling-Taihangshan-Wulingshan Gravity Gradient Belt. These facts do not support the "continental roots-plume tectonics" argued by some scholars. These geothermal modeling results are in good agreement with those of seismic tomography and author's previous geothermal studies. Lithospheric thinning beneath the northeastern part of China mainland (including North China craton) may be related to the volatile infiltration by dehydration of deep subducted Pacific slab; therefore,we favor the thermo-chemical erosion mechanism for the North China craton lithosphere destruction during Meso-Cenozoic. The temperatures in lower crust of the North China craton estimated are in range of 500~600℃. Accordingly,the lower crust composition of the North China craton should be more mafic than that of previously estimated based on much cooler geotherms. Using the wet mantle rheology to represent the mechanical behaviour of upper mantle,we found that the "creme brlee" model can approximate the lithospheric rheology for the most regions of eastern part of China,which is represented by strong crust portion but weak lithospheric mantle portion in vertical strength profile. On the other hand,the "jelly sandwich" model demonstrates the mechanical strength of Sichuan basin and that of northeastern and southeastern portions of the North China craton,which exhibits strong crust and strong lithospheric mantle portions in vertical strength profile.


Introduction
Medical empathy is a characteristic that allows us to understand the subjective experiences and the perspective of the patient. Empathy can improve the clinical outcomes of our clinical actions. However, it is not easy to teach this ability in a medical school program.

Objective
We aimed to identify the level of empathy and related factors in students enrolled in medicine in 2019.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive study. We used a questionnaire with sociodemographic questions, and Jefferson's Medical Empathy Scale to measure the variables.

Results
We surveyed 189 medical students. The mean score was 118,01 (range: 20 to 140), standard deviation, 11,61; median, 120; and a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0,76. We found that the year of the enrollment is inversely related to the level of empathy (p = 0,0095), that the female sex has a higher level of empathy (p = 0,0123) and that practicing a religious denomination is related to a higher level of empathy (p = 0,0001).

Conclusion
Medical students have an above-average level of empathy when compared to other local studies. We describe higher levels of empathy according to sex, and religious beliefs, and an inverse relation to the year of enrollment.


Two cases of visual loss after spinal fusion surgery are described. In both cases, surgery was lengthy, the patient's head was placed in a dependent position, and hemodilution and deliberate hypotension were combined. One patient was achondroplastic, the other obese. Possible risk factors associated with ischemic optic neuropathy after anesthesia and surgery are discussed.


This paper presents a qualitative logic-based method for the steady-state analysis and revision of metabolic networks with inhibition. The approach is able to automatically revise an initial metabolic model -- through the addition and removal of whole reactions or individual substrates, products and inhibitors -- in order to ensure the existence of a steady-state behaviour consistent with a set of experimental observations. We show how this can be done in a nonmonotonic logic programming setting and discuss the challenges that arise when metabolic cycles or mutual inhibitions occur in the underlying network.


The aim of the present work was to optimize a procedure for extraction of humic substances (HS) from peat, using continuous flow with different extractants (NaOH, KOH and Na4P2O7). The influence of extractant on the complexing capacity of humic substances for macro and micronutrients was also investigated. Our results showed that the extraction by flow is efficient, reducing the time required in the extraction step and, furthermore, indicating that the extracted HS have a high affinity for the essential nutrients Ca and Mg. Moreover, an enhanced complexation was achieved by using Na4P2O7, demonstrating not only the efficiency of this compound as extractant, but also its promising application in the process, since its high complexing capacity allows to make available the complexed nutrients as well as diminishing the amount of these nutrients that could be lixiviated, thus contributing to prevent environmental contaminations.


Motor vehicle safety researchers have used the Phase 4 vehicle simulation model for several years. Because of its popularity and ability to simulate the 3-dimensional dynamics of commercial vehicles (large trucks and truck tractors towing up to three trailers), the Phase 4 model was ported to the HVE simulation platform. The resulting model is called EDVDS (Engineering Dynamics Vehicle Dynamics Simulator). This paper describes the procedures used in porting Phase 4 to the HVE platform. As a result of several assumptions made during the development of Phase 4, the port to EDVDS required substantial changes. The most significant modeling difference is the removal of the small angle assumption, allowing researchers to study complete vehicle rollover. Also significant is EDVDS's use of HVE'sGetSurfaceInfo() function, allowing the vehicles' tires to travel over any 3-D terrain of arbitrary complexity. These and other changes in the model are described in the paper. The paper also includes a validation study, comparing Phase 4 and EDVDS simulation results. For most maneuvers, the results are quite similar. Differences become apparent as the maneuvers became more severe, owing to the removal of the small angle assumption and extensions to the tire model.


ABSTRACT Delusional parasitosis is a psychiatric illness in which patients believe that they are infested by parasites without any evidence to support this belief. Cases typically involve cutaneous manifestations. We present 2 cases of gastrointestinal delusional parasitosis, with one unfortunate fatal outcome. Our main goal is to highlight the importance of early recognition of this disease to facilitate appropriate management. Delusional infestation is considered a somatic delusional disorder, and first-line treatment involves the use of atypical antipsychotics, as recommended by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th edition.


A three-month prospective study of the 1026 pensioners attending the Accident and Emergency Department (A.E.D.) at Oldham is reported. Although they constituted 9.8% of the total attendance, they formed 36.5% of all admissions. Proportionate admission of males was higher than females. Over half the total admissions were due to medical emergencies, whereas only a quarter were due to injury. Contrary to the general impression, the survey showed that the use of A.E.D. and 999 Emergency services was appropriate. Self-referral rate was high, but most of the old people who tried first to contact their general practitioner succeeded in doing so.


The rationale behind this special issue's stepwise analysis of cross-sectoral and cross-national variations and similarities of regulatory reforms is explained. The processes of case selection and inference are clarified and justified. At the same time, the article offers a strategy for an increase in the number of cases without compromising the strength of case-oriented analysis. William Whewell's notion of consilience is employed to (a) justify the inclusion of sectoral as well as national cases; (b) justify different degrees of in-depth analysis according to the inferential role of the case in the research design; and (c) suggest a distinction in the inferential process between comparisons that enhance internal and external validity. The article concludes with a systematic examination of cross-sectoral and cross-national variations in a table that provides a "panoramic snapshot" and "holistic picture" of the combination of variations and commonalities of the cases analyzed.


Hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-c are common features in patients with chronic renal failure. Cardiovascular mortality is substantially increased in the presence of chronic renal disease (10-20 times higher). There is evidence from clinical trials with statins suggesting their protective role in the progression of renal disease. In addition, reduced rates of non-fatal myocardial infarction and cardiac mortality were seen after renal transplant in patients receiving fluvastatin. However, a recent study with atorvastatin failed to demonstrate reduction in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients on hemodialysis therapy. Ongoing trials will define the precise role of statins in this subset of patients.


The construction of the polycyclic frameworks of phenanthro-annelated all-cis-[126.96.36.199]fenestrane, cis,cis,trans,cis-[126.96.36.199]fenestrane, and a related "broken" [6.5.6]fenestrane is reported for the first time. On the basis of our established synthesis of benzoannelated fenestrindanes, spirocyclic di(9-phenanthryl)methyl-1,3-indanediols were prepared with complete stereocontrol and subjected to cyclodehydration. Surprisingly, the 9-phenanthrylmethyl residues underwent preferential "peri" attack, rather than "ortho" attack, to generate 1,10-phenanthro rather than 9,10-phenanthro units. In this way, the cyclodehydration of 2,2-di(9-phenanthryl)methyl-1,3-indanediol gives rise to two new six-membered rings with the [6.5.6]fenestrane skeleton. The cyclodehydration of the related trans- and cis-diphenanthryl spiro(cyclohexane-1,2′-indanediols) generated one new five- and one new six-membered ring stereospecifically to afford the respective all-cis- and cis,cis,trans,cis-benzodiphenanthro[188.8.131.52]fenestranes in good yields. The crucial constitutional and stereochemical features of the new fenestranes were determined by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis and variable-temperature (VT) NMR spectroscopy.


Abstract As public administration is faced with the challenge of making governance work, the university is being called upon to become more involved in the civic engagement movement. Increasing civic engagement requires addressing one of the core problems contributing to its decline: deteriorating community caused by a lack of social capital. Although there is debate about whether there has been a decline in civic engagement or simply a change in the ways citizens participate, there is agreement about the need to increase engagement and to include universities in this process. One of the proposed solutions, advocated by Barber and Battistoni (1993) and Putnam (2000), is service learning. Empirical data support a positive association between service learning and social capital (D'Agostino, 2006). This paper moves beyond theory to describe actual collaboration between universities and public administration to foster a civically engaged society. I will first show that the university is a key actor in community. I will then describe service learning as the means for universities to fulfill their role in community. This is followed by articulating how, through master of public administration (MPA) programs, the university can move this conversation forward. This effort by universities is then assessed through a survey of 133 MPA chairs.


Since the early days of ontology engineering, manufacturing is one of the main areas where ontologies have traditionally been applied (Guarino et al., 1997; Uschold and Gruninger, 1996). The interest in ontologies has been motivated, first, by the massive exploitation of computer-based technologies in manufacturing organizations, which need to manage and share data in a robust way, and second, by the need to harmonize different terminologies to facilitate communication. The two motivations are strictly related, since shared terminologies and models are needed to enable computer systems to interact effectively. In addition, in the new landscape of Industry 4.0 (Lu, 2017), guided and informed by big data and machine learning, ontologies find their place to organize the data upon which learning algorithms run....


In this study, we have investigated non-enzymatic oligomerization of an activated racemic mononucleotide in the presence of Na(+)-montmorillonite. Oligomers up to the decamer in length were formed by oligomerization reactions of activated D- and L-mononucleotides. Similarly, oligomerization of an activated racemic mononucleotide results in the formation of oligomers up to the octamer. These results suggest that montmorillonite catalysis is quite efficient for the oligomerization of racemic monomers, though it is somewhat less efficient than that of D- and L-monomers.


The article is dedicated to the study of the concept and essence of advertising and Internet advertising in particular. The article defines legislative principles and requirements for advertising, as well as characterizes the features of Internet advertising. The author discovered the lack of separate legal regulation of Internet advertising and concluded that there is a need to improve current legislation on advertising regarding the order of placing advertising on the Internet and liability for the offense. The article classifies Internet advertising and describes each of its forms. Among them, there are display advertising, banner advertising, contextual advertising, promotion on social networks, geo-textual advertising, viral advertising, product placement in online games, e-mail as advertising, pop-up windows and spyware, electronic bulletin boards, as well as participation in ratings. Particular attention is paid to the contracts for advertisements placements on the Internet and their essential conditions. The author comes to the conclusion that legal protection of consumers of Internet advertising is insufficient and there is a necessity to increase responsibility for violation of advertising legislation on the Internet.


We recently reported the synthesis and testing of a new class of unimolecular micelles based on hyperbranched polyglycerols as second generation synthetic plasma expanders and as general drug delivery vehicles. A detailed biodistribution study of two derivatized hyperbranched polyglycerols of different molecular weights derivatized with hydrophobic groups and short poly(ethylene glycol) chains is reported in this article. In mice, these materials are nontoxic with circulation half-lives as high as 31 h, controllable by manipulating the molecular weight and the degree of PEG derivatization. Organ accumulation is low, presumably due to the "pegylation" effect. Thermal degradation and hydrolysis data suggest that these polymers are highly stable with a long shelf life, a major advantage for a pharmaceutical product. Degradation under acidic conditions has been observed for these polymers.


Hence, we explore how the normality of a complex matrix relates to its graph. In particular, our focus is upon how the graph structure can simplify the relations among entries that characterize normality. We begin by observing what it means to be normal for a matrix subordinate to a tree, and then generalize the results to 34 graphs. A key issue is the relation between absolute symmetry and normality. Real normal matrices are also considered.


Purpose
This study aims to find out various dimensions of the risk and benefit perceptions of the consumers of street food vendors. It will identify the reasons which affect consumer's attitude and consumption patterns towards street foods, which bring about changes in their behavioural intentions (repurchase intention and word of mouth intention).

Design/methodology/approach
Five risk and two benefit factors were tested on a factor model by exploratory factor analysis using 26 constructs. Two-step approach was followed in which measurement model, having six constructs with 17 measurement items, were assessed, followed by the structural model. This study explained that the consumer attitude is affected by perceived risks and benefits. Further, the risk perception negatively affects the behavioural intentions. A conceptual model was framed to depict the relationships among variables and was empirically tested.

Findings
The results indicate that risk and benefit perception of consumers are not only inter-related but also responsible for their changes in attitudes towards the street foods. In the factorial analysis, it was found that perceived benefit factors, i.e. convenience and value, are responsible for positively influencing the attitude of consumers towards street food. The findings indicate that reducing risk perception and increasing benefit perception will positively change the patron's attitude.

Originality/value
The data collection was done through a structured questionnaire specifically drafted to collect the relevant data for the study from the 658 street food consumers in Delhi. To examine the factorability of 26 items of risk/benefit perception, 586 observations were used.


The Violence Volcano: Reducing the Threat of Workplace Violence David D. Van Fleet and Ella W. Van Fleet Information Age Publishing, 2010 266 pages, Hardcover, $85.95Violence can affect anyone at anytime, even in the workplace. According to Van Fleet and Van Fleet (2010, p. 3), "Violence in the workplace increased rapidly in the last quarter of the century." Their book, The Violence Volcano Reducing the Threat of Workplace Violence, discusses specifics of how to spot and take measures to prevent workplace violence.Part one of Van Fleet and Van Fleet's book goes into detail on just how much violence has increased in the United States by giving numerous examples of violent acts committed in recent years. It also discusses just how costly these incidents can be for individuals, organizations and communities. The cost involved in workplace violence is not only from the individuals in society or community, but it also affects the employees and the organization itself. There are immediate and direct costs, as well as delayed or hidden costs. Some of these direct costs are death, injury, cleanup, repair, replacement, lost wages to workers, and litigation. Hidden or delayed costs can include decreased efficiency, diversion of management and employee attention, and the "side effect" of fear to name a few. Prevention, which is often the best policy, can also be a major cost to an organization. The authors state that minimizing the risk of workplace violence can generate its own cost for managers and their organizations. Security, electronics, and physical barriers are some of the major costs of prevention.The second part of the book is about the causes of workplace violence and dealing with environmental influences whether they are socioeconomic over-under society, political -legal, the changing nature of jobs, or the changing nature of the workforce. Through careful assessment or observations, managers and supervisors as well as other employees in leadership positions are more likely to notice a change in behavior. Managers and leaders interface with employees and, thus, can play a vital role in identifying workers whose environmentally-influenced problems can be escalating in the near future toward a violent eruption. Upon identification, one can be proactive in dealing with it and be prepared for possible consequences.Part three of Van Fleet and Van Fleet's book focuses on workplace influences and behaviors; the authors mention how some occupations are more dangerous than others. Occupations such as police work, social work, psychiatry, and engineering have different levels of threat for violent incidents. The book points out that although other occupations may not be considered dangerous there can still be accidents or acts of violence perpetrated against them. Organizations should be proactive in preventing accidents and violence.Part four discusses employees and how certain factors more heavily influence their behavior in the organization. These factors can be financial, personal, work related, or personality related. Management must be trained to recognize how violence builds through different levels if they are to prevent it on a proactive basis. All employees and not just first line supervisors need training in how to help diffuse a hostile and potentially violent situation (Van Fleet and Van Fleet, 2010, p. …


Background: Tibial plateau fracture is one of the common intra-articular fractures in clinic. And its accurate classification and treatment is a difficult problem for orthopedic surgeons. Our research aims to investigate the application value of 3D printing in the classification and preoperative planning of complex tibial plateau fractures.Methods: 28 cases of complex tibial plateau fractures diagnosed and treated in our hospital from January, 2017 to January, 2019.01 were analyzed. Preoperative spiral CT scan was performed and then DICOM data were input into the computer. We use Mimics to process data. And 3D printing technology was applied to print the 3D model of fracture (1:1). Combined with the 3D printed model, the tibial plateau fractures were subdivided into seven types according to the geometric plane of the tibial plateau. The surgical approach was determined on the 3D printed model. And then simulated operations such as accurate reduction of fracture and selection of plate placement were performed.Results: The reconstructed 3D model of tibial plateau fracture can accurately reflect the direction of fracture components displacement and the degree of plateau collapse. Also, it can help with the preoperative reconstructive plan for the tibial plateau fracture. The intraoperative fracture details were basically the same as the 3D printed model. And The fracture surface of the tibial plateau of all 28 patients was well improved in terms of restoring the anatomical structure.Conclusion: 3D printing technology can be used to guide the classification and preoperative planning of complex tibial plateau fractures.


The EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) plays a key role in the regulation of essential normal cellular processes and in the pathophysiology of hyperproliferative diseases such as cancer. Recent investigations have demonstrated that GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors) are able to utilize the EGFR as a downstream signalling partner in the generation of mitogenic signals. This cross-talk mechanism combines the broad diversity of GPCRs with the signalling capacities of the EGFR and has emerged as a general concept in a multitude of cell types. The molecular mechanisms of EGFR signal transactivation involve processing of transmembrane growth factor precursors by metalloproteases which have been recently identified as members of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) family of zinc-dependent proteases. Subsequently, the EGFR transmits signals to prominent downstream pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinases, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway and modulation of ion channels. Analysis of GPCR-induced EGFR activation in more than 60 human carcinoma cell lines derived from different tissues has demonstrated the broad relevance of this signalling mechanism in cancer. Moreover, EGFR signal transactivation was linked to diverse biological processes in human cancer cells, such as cell proliferation, migration and anti-apoptosis. Together with investigations revealing the importance of this GPCR-EGFR cross-talk mechanism in cardiac hypertrophy, Helicobacter pylori -induced pathophysiological processes and cystic fibrosis, these findings support an important role for GPCR ligand-dependent EGFR signal transactivation in diverse pathophysiological disorders.


As cell proliferation is one of the hallmarks of cancer, various types of proliferation markers are used as important tools in diagnosis, prognosis, treatment decision-making and follow-up in clinical oncology. The S phase-specific protein thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) can be used in immunohistochemistry for RNA/protein expression in tissue specimens and for activity or protein/peptide levels in serum from patients. TK1 has been used mainly in haematologic malignancies in humans, but also found beneficial in canine malignancies. As the protein sequence homology is high between humans and dogs, findings in canine models will have a high comparative value in further human research as well. In the present review, we will focus on the recent results concerning TK1's S phase-correlated expression, increased serum levels of TK1 in patients with malignancies and the relevance for veterinary and comparative oncology. Finally, the benefit of recently developed specific anti-TK1 antibodies suitable for immunologic assay is discussed.


Surgical resection of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) may be performed via Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) or standard surgical excision with complete margin analysis. Whereas MMS may necessitate delayed reconstruction surgery, intraoperative frozen section analysis (IFSA) may be used to ensure clear surgical margins before proceeding with reconstruction. To achieve curative resection while optimizing aesthetic outcomes, surgeons may use surgical excision guided by IFSA to forego extensive or delayed reconstruction. Patients undergoing wide local excision for NMSC using IFSA from October 2008 to November 2016 were evaluated. Analysis included IFSA versus permanent section outcomes, the number of required excisions, and the recurrence rate. Our analysis contained 145 patients involving 162 lesions. IFSA demonstrated that 73.4 per cent of margins were negative after one excision and 26.5 per cent were re-excised until achieving negative margins. Analysis revealed one false-positive case (0.62%) and four false-negative cases (2.47%). Nine patients had local recurrence (5.56%). Frozen section sensitivity was 88.99 per cent and specificity 99.20 per cent. The positive predictive value was 96.97 per cent, and negative predictive value was 96.90 per cent. Mean follow-up time was 39 months. Both resection and recurrence data of excised NMSC lesions at our institution suggest that surgical excision using IFSA is a safe and effective alternative to MMS.


Introduction: The advent of the atypical antipsychotics has led to marked decrease in the extrapyramidal adverse effects known to occur with typical antipsychotics. Among them, olanzapine has been found to very safe and effective with a receptor profile responsible for incidence of extrapyramidal side-effects at a rate comparable to that of placebo.
Case History: We report a case of oculogyric crisis in an 18 year old male diagnosed with first episode mania. This acute dystonic reaction occurred on Tab. Olanzapine (10 mg/day) in spite of an oral anticholinergic medication.
Conclusion: It is a potential side effect and changing the antipsychotic might be the only possible option in some cases.


A systematic theory is introduced for finding the derivatives of complex-valued matrix functions with respect to a complex-valued matrix variable and the complex conjugate of this variable. In the framework introduced, the differential of the complex-valued matrix function is used to identify the derivatives of this function. Matrix differentiation results are derived and summarized in tables which can be exploited in a wide range of signal processing related situations


In an analog discrete-time circular buffer forward equalizer (FE), finite bandwidth in the sample-and-hold (S/H) circuit can introduce significant intersymbol interference (ISI) that degrades the FE performance. This brief investigates the effect of the finite S/H bandwidth and presents two methods to equalize the ISI introduced by the finite S/H bandwidth. The first method uses a decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) that has nonuniform delays between its taps. The second method uses a DFE that has uniform delays between its taps, allows more time in the first DFE feedback loop, and requires fewer DFE taps at the expense of additional FE taps. Simulation results show that when the proposed methods equalize a 100-m CAT5 cable and a backplane channel, the signal-to-noise ratio improvement is at least 1 and 0.8 dB, respectively, for bit error rates <; 10-6 .


Research on Europeanization clearly shows that membership in the European Union over time affects the national political systems of member states. Given Norway's extensive integration within the EU, it is relevant and important to assess whether and, if so, how the Norwegian political system, too, has changed as a result, and how these effects compare with the general patterns among EU member states. Exploring the Europeanization of Norway in a comparative perspective, the article maps the effects of European integration for four central power relationships in the Norwegian political system: national-supranational authority, executive-legislative-judicial authority, political-administrative authority and national-regional authority. It is demonstrated that integration within the EU to a large extent has had the same effects in Norway as in the member states of the EU, despite Norway's alternative form of affiliation: extensive delegation of power to the supranational level, strengthening of the government in relation to the parliament, an increasingly important role for national courts, expanded power and autonomy of the executive administration in relation to the political leadership, and some strengthening of the regions vis-a-vis the central government.


Visual evoked responses (VER) were recorded in 10 patients with unilateral maculopathy. VER latency and amplitude were compared between the affected and unaffected eyes. Evaluation of results reveals that in macular disease with fluid accumulation (Central Serous Retinopathy and Traumatic Macular Oedema) the VER showed amplitude reduction depending on reduced visual acuity with no significant change in latency, whereas, in disease with degeneration of retinal layers, (Degenerative Maculopathy) latency was markedly increased signifying associated conduction defect.


[1] A series of laboratory experiments for mixing between the more viscous upper layer and the less viscous lower layer has been performed to study how the less viscous D″ mixes with the overlying more viscous mantle. Experimental results show that the style of entrainment when the more viscous layer overlies the less viscous layer is different from the opposite case. In the latter case the interface between the two layers moves upward, indicating that the more viscous lower layer asymmetrically entrains the less viscous upper layer. However, in the former case, an interfacial layer develops between the two layers and the interface does not move, indicating that the volumetric ratio of the two layers remains unchanged. It has been suggested that the compositional difference between mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) and ocean island basalts (OIB) originates from the entrainment of D″ by the mantle plumes. The experimental results suggest that the mantle plume entrains only the interfacial layer, thus modifying the composition of OIB. The volume of D″ would remain unchanged since D″ is formed.


Lowland peat in Indonesia covers an area of about 27 million hectares, distributed over Sumatra, Kalimantan and Irian Jaya. Peat has good physical properties and is suitable for vegetable growth, but there are some chemical constraints: low pH and nutrient content. Field observation in Pontianak, greenhouse and laboratory experiments in Yogyakarta showed that amelioration with wood ash, agricultural ash, and lime could improve the chemical peat properties and increase plant growth. Without nutrient addition peat ash as ameliorant resulted in better plant growth than with lime. The positive effect of P and K supply on plant growth was observed especially for wood ash and agriculture waste ash. This effect of ash on the uptake of P and K by maize was better than with lime, and increasing the rate of ameliorants increased the uptake of P and K. Analyses of peat samples under different commodities in the Sungai Slamet area showed that nutrients under cultivation were accumulated in the toplayer. Increasing the intensity of cultivation increased the peat pH and the nutrient status.


Knowing how to interpret the signals in markets as critical as the synthetic indices and keeping the appropriate stop operations are, without deny-ing it, two important variables when operating in trading. In this research, two manual trading sell techniques are proposed, one based on the first sell after the BOOM 500 trigger and the other based on moving average crossovers. The results showed an efficiency close to 70% for the first proposal, and the second regularly obtains an efficiency close to 100%.


Summary. To model the time evolution of the event rate in recurrent event data a crucial role is played by the timescale that is used. Depending on the timescale selected the interpretation of the time evolution will be entirely different, both in parametric and semiparametric frailty models. The gap timescale is more appropriate when studying the recurrent event rate as a function of time since the last event, whereas the calendar timescale keeps track of actual time. We show both timescales in action on data from an asthma prevention trial in young children. The frailty model is further extended to include both timescales simultaneously as this might be most relevant in practice.


molecules DTU Orbit (13/10/2019) A magnetic nanoparticle-clustering biosensor for blu-ray based optical detection of small-molecules In magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-clustering assays, a target molecule is bound to multiple receptors tethered onto MNPs, triggering MNP-clustering and leading to changes in the size of clusters. However, sandwich-type clustering requires multiple binding-sites on a target molecule, which is often unavailable for small-molecules. Furthermore, measuring magnetic properties as signals is not intrinsically selective regarding MNP-cluster size. Thus, the detection of few MNPclusters is readily interfered by background signals from predominantly-existing single MNPs. Additionally, bulky and highcost instruments limit the advancement of MNP-based assays. We report here a novel MNP-clustering small-molecule assay on an optical readout platform to overcome the limitations aforementioned with the following improvements. First, a facile MNP-clustering assay applicable to diverse small-molecules was realized by adopting an inhibition mechanism. Next, frequency-dependent optical measurements enabled us to resolve signals depending on the cluster size. Lastly, a low-cost and miniaturized optical readout setup was established by implementing a Blu-ray pickup head. Consequently, our low-cost optical biosensor using MNP-clustering facilitates high-resolution small-molecule assays. For experiments, aptamer-functionalized MNPs (Apt-MNPs) were first incubated with adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) followed by adding MNPs with linker strands (linker-MNPs). The linker hybridizes with a region of aptamer sequences in the absence of ATP, forming MNP-clusters. Conversely, when aptamers are preoccupied by ATP inhibiting the hybridization, the cluster formation is hindered (Fig. 1). Consequently, higher ATP-concentrations result in smaller and fewer cluster formations. Blu-ray optical transmission measurements through an MNP-solution (Fig. 2) reveal that the 2nd harmonic component of the signal is related to the frequency of Brownian relaxation dynamics of MNPs induced by alternating magnetic field. Following measurement characterization (Fig. 3) and analyte-control experiments (Fig. 4), we demonstrated the ATP concentration dependent behavior of signals in micromolar ranges (Fig. 5). These results support that our MNP-clustering optical biosensor is capable of specific and quantitative detection of small-molecules.


We live in an era of evidence-based medicine. Doctors are expected to be knowledgeable about the relative risks and benefits of different treatment options and to share that information with patients as part of their treatment decision-making. For an invasive procedure such as major surgery, both doctors and patients must consider a host of medical and psychological risks. Before patients agree to undergo an elective surgery, they may be asking themselves a number of questions, including, "Is this treatment right for me?" and "Will life be better afterwards—or worse?"

Adolescents considering bariatric surgery are unable to answer these questions with the current evidence, because that evidence is inadequate. There are few longitudinal outcomes data. Moreover, patient-centered outcomes data that could inform clinicians and their young patients about adolescent experiences of surgery are missing from the clinical literature. The absence of these data means that surgical teams are treating severely obese adolescents with procedures that were developed and standardized with adults, without knowing the long-term impact on these patients' lives.1 As a result, adolescents and their parents must take a giant leap of faith in their decision-making without knowing whether surgery will lead to permanent weight loss or to regain of weight and complications that have to be managed.

This evidence gap matters because bariatric surgery could play a major role in treating severely obese adolescents who cannot lose weight.2 Although the growth rate of obesity in US children and adolescents has been leveling off since 2008, severe obesity is on the rise. …

Address correspondence to Janet E. Childerhose, PhD, Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 16, Rm 400S-24, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2800. E-mail: childerh{at}umich.edu


This study used a numerical simulation approach to examine the effects of external modifications in reducing aerodynamic drag on passenger vehicles. During the simulation, modifications included reducing mirror size by replacing the side mirrors with cameras and covering the wheel area. The resulting changes in drag force for different combinations of modifications were compared with a conventional baseline model to determine the most aerodynamic configuration. The study found that side view cameras reduced drag forces by almost 2.6% due to their smaller frontal areas and improvement in the overall aerodynamics of the vehicle. Besides, an increase in wheel coverage decreased the drag causing up to 2.7% of drag force reduction for a wheel with an 87% coverage area. This is because of the reduction in wake formation caused by the wheel rims. Finally, using a combination of smaller cameras and wheels with larger coverage areas resulted in a maximum drag reduction of about 4.3%.


- This study investigated the effects of different heat treatments on continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) 's. CFRTP composite is produced using fused deposition modeling (FDM), which is one of the additive manufacturing methods. Polylactic acid (PLA) was used as a matrix, and carbon fibers (3K) were utilized as reinforcement material. First, CFRTP filament was produced on a specially designed melt impregnation line. Afterward, test samples were manufactured via a conventional 3D printer. Then, heat treatments (re-melting in salt, microwave oven, oven) were applied to the produced samples, and the effects of these processes on mechanical properties were investigated. Three-point bending tests were used to investigate the mechanical properties of the test samples. As a result of the heat treatments applied to the CFRTP specimens, flexural stresses between 200 and 220 MPa was achieved. The highest bending stress was obtained by re-melting in salt. As a result of the heat treatments, the stress values are similar, but the re-melting in salt application exhibited a more rigid behavior.


A digital image watermarking algorithm based on Fourier domain is proposed. This algorithm calculates an Invariant Centroid of the image and uses it as the origin of logarithm polar mapping (LPM). Then two-dimensional Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is performed on the LPM image. And then the amplitude of intermediate frequency is used as the watermarking embedding domain. In order to enhance the safety of the algorithm, it is necessary to encrypt the watermarking signal with the key K, then carry out BCH code on the encrypted signal in order to enhance robustness of resisting various attacks of this algorithm. Therefore the algorithm has a promising prospect of wide use in the fields of the copyright protection of the digital image etc.


Multi-stage hydraulic fracturing has recently gained strong interest in unconventional plays in the Middle East due to high natural gas production potential. However, prevalent characteristics of the area, including high-pressure / high-temperature (HPHT) conditions and presence of complex natural fracture networks, pose significant challenges to reservoir characterization. These challenges have motivated the development of an integrated workflow using microseismic data for the characterization of reservoir properties resulting from the interaction between natural and hydraulic fractures.
 This study proposes a reliable method for modeling hydraulic fractures from scarce microseismic data. Initially, a microseismic model—based on field records of microseismic data and natural fracture spatial characterization—was developed. Issues related to limited microseismic data availability were tackled through combination of a probabilistic algorithm, Gaussian Mixture Model, and a DFN model. Then, the resulting synthetic microseismic events enabled the generation of a hydraulic fracture model using the embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM) and an in-house microseismic spatial density algorithm that captured major hydraulic fracture growth tendencies. Next, the created hydraulic fracture geometries were validated against a physics-based hydraulic fracture propagation model. Lastly, a single-well sector model—based on a corner point grid that honored the original 3D discrete fracture network (DFN)—was history matched, confirming the successful application of the proposed methodology.


Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are an essential component of future intelligent transportation systems (ITS). AVs promise an increase in driving comfort, greater safety, and improved fuel consumption. These benefits are attributed to AVs ability to leverage vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication to coordinate driving, e.g., sharing maneuver intention and acquiring updated road maps. Cellular based V2X (C-V2X) had been popularized as one of the leading technologies at the forefront of ITS. C-V2X technology is already capable of supporting a basic set of AVs' uses cases, e.g. warning messages for collision avoidance. In contrast, support for advanced use cases, e.g. cooperative lane change, is still an obstacle. Advanced AV use cases require a network able to support up to 10ms end-to-end (E2E) latency and 99.99% packet delivery rate. These stringent service requirements pose a challenge for 4G LTE and 5G New Radio (NR). In this work, we build a simulation environment to study the feasibility of 5G NR in supporting advanced use cases in AVs and propose deep learning-based solutions to enhance its performance further. First, we propose deep leaning models to perform uplink channel state information (CSI) prediction in dynamic vehicular environments. The models are based on a combination of convolutional and recurrent neural networks (CNN-RNN), so as to suit the mobility factor in vehicular environments. Next, we propose a novel scheme based on deep learning prediction to enhance i the uplink resource allocation process in 5G C-V2X. The proposed scheme enables the base station to predict vehicle maneuvers, subsequently, assign it the required resource in advance without the need for scheduling request and resource granting process. We show that this scheme improves the ability of 5G NR to support cooperative driving requirements. Moreover, we compare to traditional schemes discussing issues that arise from the introduction of prediction models and possible approaches for further enhancements in the future.


A simple yet accurate analysis of the bit error rate performance for differential chaos shift keying communication system is proposed for an additive white Gaussian noise channel by using the non-central F distribution of the decision variable and assuming variable bit energy in the calculation. The new method has much higher accuracy or much lower computational complexity than the existing methods in the literature. Numerical results show that in most cases, the predicted bit error rate from the new method is indistinguishable from the simulated bit error rate, showing the effectiveness of our result.


Introduction. Mechanical injuries are a leading cause of disability and premature death among the working-age population in most countries worldwide. Injuries to the abdominal and retroperitoneal organs (abdominal trauma) significantly aggravate the course of trauma and are a frequent cause of death.

The aim of the study was to analyse the structure and outcome of the treatment of abdominal trauma victims.

Materials and methods. On the basis of the polytrauma department of the municipal non-profit enterprise «Municipal clinical hospital of emergency and urgent medical care named after A. I. Meshchaninov» of Kharkiv City Council councilаnalysis damage structure and the results of treatment of 240 patients with abdominal trauma were carried out, the main causes of lethal outcomes were determined.

Results. Most of the patients with abdominal trauma were male (78,7%), and they were young (18 to 44 years old) (72,5 %). The cause of injury in 95 (39.6 %) victims was road traffic accident, in 58 (24.2 %) – catatrauma; in 65 (27.1 %) – domestic injury. In the abdominal cavity, parenchymatous organs (spleen and/or liver) were injured most frequently, identified in 66.7 % of victims. In 26.3 % of patients revealed damage to the small or large intestine, in some cases, trauma to the stomach and gallbladder was detected. In 37 (15.4 %), mesenteric injury was detected, and in 32 (13.3 %), omental injury was detected. Among retroperitoneal organs the renal trauma was frequent – 46 (19.2 %), pancreatic and urinary bladder injuries were revealed in 27 (11.2%) and in 13 (5.4%) cases, retroperitoneal haematoma was revealed in 63 (26.7 % ) victims. In 178 (74.2 %) victims a combined trauma was diagnosed: thoracic in 129 (53.8%) cases, skeletal in 96 (40 %), craniocerebral in 84 (35 %). Combined injuries of one anatomofunctional region were diagnosed in 80 (33.3 %), two in 67 (27.9 %), and three in 31 (12.9 %) victims. During in-hospital treatment, 34 (14.2 %) victims died, of which 12 (35 %) during the first week after injury. The duration of inpatient treatment for the victims who were discharged was 15.0 [12.0; 25.0] beds/day. The causes of mortality and prolonged hospitalization (more than 14 days) in most cases were cardiovascular, respiratory, purulent-septic and renal complications.

Conclusion. Abdominal parenchymal injuries predominate in the structure of abdominal trauma, occurring in 66.7 % of victims. Combined (thoracic, skeletal and/or craniocerebral) trauma occurs in 74.2 % of victims. The fatality rate for isolated abdominal trauma was 4.8 %, with a significant increase in cases of combined trauma, up to 41.9 % for combined thoracic, skeletal and craniocerebral trauma.


Abstract Tracking the mass-loss history of planetary nebulae (PNe) by means of molecular emission lines (mainly mm and sub-mm ranges) is fundamental to gain insight into the mechanism of nebular shaping. This is particularly important in cases such as NGC 7027, where most of the nebula is constituted by molecular gas (85% of a total of 1.4 M⊙, see Fong et al. 2001). To this aim, Herschel/HIFI provides an invaluable tool to probe warm molecular gas (~50-1000 K). It produces 1-D, high resolution spectra of the whole nebula (convolved with the telescope beam) in high-excitation molecular transitions (e.g. CO J=6–5, 10–9 and 16–15). Although the morphological information is therefore lost, the kinematics and the excitation conditions can be studied with unprecedented detail (see (see Bujarrabal et al. 2011).). We have developed a code, shapemol, which, used along the existing SHAPE software (Steffen et al. 2010), implements spatiokinematical modeling with accurate non-LTE calculations of line excitation and radiative transfer in molecular species. The high quality of the data, together with this code, have allowed us to study, for the first time, the kinematics and excitation conditions of the warm gas of a PN with such a high-excitation.


In the 1950s, physicians at the University of Nebraska used telemedicine to provide consultative services, support educational endeavors, and conduct training and research for their patients between the Nebraska Psychiatric Institute and Norfolk State Hospital in Nebraska (1). Two-way closed-circuit microwave television was incorporated to facilitate the dialog between these different sites. Cecil Wittson's work in Nebraska pioneered the concept of telemedicine and psychiatry—simplified as telepsychiatry using closed circuit television (2). This approach, linking medical centers, was further developed and applied in Massachusetts (3) and in Arizona (4) in the 1960s and 1970s as well as a number of other telemedicine initiatives. It has continued to grow over the past 60 years from those initial activities to wide scale application (apps) on our mobile phones and a wide variety of Web-based video-teleconferencing tools.


The International Conference on the Dead Sea Scrolls as Background to Postbiblical Judaism and Early Christianity (St. Andrews, Scotland, 2001) gathered scholars from a wide range of specialties and perspectives from around the world to explore how the Scrolls contribute to our knowledge of the background of both rabbinic and noncanonical forms of Judaism, and of the origins and early development of Christianity. This volume publishes papers from the conference which deal with the Scrolls and: rabbinic literature; Christian origins; Pauline and Deutero-Pauline literature; and Jewish and Christian liturgy, mysticism, and messianism. It comprises an excellent sketch of the state of the question at the beginning of the twenty-first century and is also programmatic for future research.


AIMS
Because of the increased overall prevalence of pre-pregnancy obesity among racial-ethnic groups, we conducted a review of published methods for body composition measurement during pregnancy considering at present there is no consensus on the best practices and type of study design that researchers should use for this purpose.

DESIGN
Quantitative systematic review.

DATA SOURCES
PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Virtual Library of Health. Search dates from 1997-2016.

REVIEW METHODS
Search of articles indexed in selected databases from 1997-2016. Studies were published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. Graphs were carried out using data visualization software.

RESULTS
From the 112 included studies, 70 were prospective cohorts, 30 cross-sectional studies, 10 randomized controlled trial, and two retrospective studies. Cross-sectional studies and randomized controlled trial depicted a positive correlation with significant trend.

CONCLUSIONS
Although several methods for body composition measurement exist, only bioelectrical impedance analysis, displacement plethysmography, and displacement plethysmography show a significant growing trend. Use of data visualization allows understanding various associations among categorical variables, with a graphical display of their multidimensional behaviour.

IMPACT
Public and private health-care institution evaluating pregnancy women. Health-care personnel, including nursing professional, dealing with measurements of body composition during pregnancy will find reading this manuscript beneficial.


There is little empirical work in South Africa using panel data to describe employment and earnings dynamics. This paper contributes by describing labour-market transitions in South Africa between 2008 and 2010 for individuals aged 20 to 55 across two waves of nationally representative panel data. We find that women had more mobility than men into and out of the labour market and employment. However, women were less mobile between kinds of employment and across occupations. Casual employment was very unstable, with very few individuals remaining in this state. In contrast, there was little mobility out of regular employment into other kinds of employment. Average real earnings changes were positive for movements into regular employment and negative for movements into self-employment or casual employment. Strong movement out of semi-skilled occupations was striking, especially for males. In multivariate models, being the mother of young children was important in leaving regular employment.


the grounds for treatment do not depend primarily on the diagnosis. The line of argument in the Grigorenko report shows that the decisive issue is whether an aocused person possesses the necessary critical faculties and self-control for his opinions and actions or whether, owing to certain psychiatric abnormalities, this is not the case. Hence differences of opinion over the diagnostic limits of a schizophrenic illness are not of critical importance. (2) In the Grigorenko report the term "paranoid development" and "delusional ideas" are used where German-trained psychiatrists would use, at most, the term "over-valued ideas" (uberwertige Ideen) (Wernicke). These are *ideas that are omenprehensible in the context of a person's li,fe or the historical circumstances in which he lives and which are maintained with strong emotion and persistence even against considera,ble opposition in the surrounding world. From a strictly psychiatric standpoint, however, it is not possible to distinguish between these so-called over-valued ideas and moral and religious beliefs maintained with persistence and strong affective colouring. They are dependent on the philosophical or political system of values which determine the assessment of such ideas. (3) Strongly held beliefs and ideas, and the actions resulting from them, do not as such determine responsibility, since they have been based on comprehensive grounds and held with normal conviction. There are, of course, exceptions in which such comprehensible ide-as arise from a clearly discernible illness, mostly schizophrenia, but these would have to be determined in each case separately. In the case of Grigorenko, as in other cases known in the West that may be less well documented, the "reformist ideas" cited do not irnpress as manifestations of a mental illness. They correEpond to a widely held humanist and liberal tradition which, though not officially recognized in the Soviet Union, is surely well known there from historical experience and from relations with foreign oountries. The views h.ld by Grigorenko and likeminded people contain nothing which in themselves can be considered absurd, bizarre, cr egocentric as would be the case, for instance, in a paranoid schizophrenic delusion. In the documents that have reached the West it is striking that the forensic diagnosis of psychiatric disturbances rests overwhelmingly on such "reformist ideas." Yet such ideas cannot be used as proof of a mental disturbance with however much determination and feeling they may be expressed. (4) Criticism of psychiatric reports on diss,enters nmade in the Serbsky and other Soviet institutes rests less on the diagnostic category ascrilbed to each case-about which there may be disagreement-than on the arbitrary way in which the expression of such "reformist ideas" is equated with lack of critical faculties, responsibility, and self-control. Such reasoning is considered by the Gennan school of psychiatry, as well as by all other schools, to be inadmissile because it supposes pathological distuxbances of the intellect and behaviour which are not in themselves disturbed at the time of the incrininating act. This impression is particularly striking if one studies the documents' more closely and analyses the reasoning behind them. Such an analysis forces one to suspect that assessments are not made on scientific and cinical grounds but are based on political and opportunist considerations. (5) The impression of poverty of psychiatric evidence cannot be erased by the proceedings at the con,ference at the Serosky Institute in October 1973. This impression is strengthened after thorough study of the Bukovsky papers,1 which are now available in English, French, and German. The genuineness of these documnts has never been questioned. Bukovsky, who for his courageous act was sentenced to a long term of imprisonment, has thus become a martyr to psychiatry for protesting, at the risk of his life and liberty, against these misuses. The same can probably be said of the Jewish Ukrainian psychiatrist Dr. Gluzman, who dared to subject the Serbslky Institute's psychiatric report on Grigorenko to criticism-whatever may have been said at the Serbsky Institute about the nonexistence of a psychiatrist of this name. It is not only to justify and pay homage to these courageous men but also to prevent further misuse of forensic psychiatry that psychiatris:s and their organizations in all colun'ries should unite as neverr before to raise critical and accusing voices of warning more strongly and loudly than hitherto. No psychiatrist who has carefully and objectively studied the Bukovsky documents can fail to do this, either personally or through his professional organization.-I am, etc.,


This paper investigates the exchange rate pass-through onto prices of China agricultural exports to markets of U.S.A. by use of unit root, cointegration tests and models under the hypothesis of asymmetry. The sample used in the paper covers the period January 1993 to January 2012. Moreover, we analyze the price discriminating behavior and currency invoicing decisions of China's agricultural exporters in the presence of menu costs. Then, the paper also examines the significant reform of Renminbi exchange rate regime in July 2005 through dividing the whole sample period into two subsample periods. The results show that the degree of appreciation the exchange rate transmission to agricultural export prices of China is more incomplete than that of depreciation. As well the menu costs exist in the transmission process from changes of Renminbi to export prices. The outcomes show that the reform in 2005 deeply changed the transmission elasticity in addition.


Neural networks can leverage self-supervision to learn integrated representations across multiple data modalities. This makes them suitable to uncover complex relationships between vastly different data types, thus lowering the dependency on labor-intensive feature engineering methods. Leveraging deep representation learning, we propose a generic, robust and systematic model that is able to combine multiple data modalities in a permutation and modes-number-invariant fashion, both fundamental properties to properly face changes in data type content and availability. To this end, we treat each multi-modal data sample as a set and utilise autoencoders to learn a fixed size, permutation invariant representation that can be used in any decision making process. We build upon previous work that demonstrates the feasibility of presenting a set as an input to autoencoders through content-based attention mechanisms. However, since model inputs and outputs are permutation invariant, we develop an end-to-end architecture that approximates the solution of a linear sum assignment problem, i.e., a minimum-cost bijective mapping problem, to ensure a match between the elements of the input and the output set for effective loss calculation. We demonstrate the model capability to learn a combined representation while preserving individual mode characteristics focusing on the task of reconstructing multi-omic cancer data. The code is made publicly available on Github https://github.com/PaccMann/fdsa ).


The article describes theoretical approaches to definition of the concept of relations marketing (clienting). It justifies urgency of introduction of client-oriented marketing approach in bank activity for provision of effective interrelation of the bank with its clients, development of long-term relations with the aim of stable economic development of a financial and credit institution. It considers practical possibilities of application of modern innovation technologies of the bank marketing.


Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA

Glioblastoma multiforme, as its name suggests, composes pathologically heterogeneous mixed cells, such as variable degree of cellular and nuclear polymorphism, or so called "gemistocytes" or "giant cells". Cancer cell regulates dynamic cell-cell interactions, thus, cell-cell dynamic heterogeneity is fundamental questions to know which cells are origin, therapeutic targets or source of recurrences for these decades. Therefore, functional analysis of each heterogenous cells and their role in tumor pathogenesis are critical. To investigate the cellular origin of population diversity, we established 4 subclones from a IDH1 wild type GBM patient. These subclones were subsequently propagated and analyzed. All clones expressed stem cell makers (nestin, sox2, musashi) heterogeneously. The morphology, self-renewal and proliferative capacities of the subclones were varying. FACS analysis showed that high CD133 expression clones tended to have high proliferation and invasive capacities. Most of these clones' cells expressed high level of CD44, an adhesion molecule in cancer stem cells regulating redox status in cancer cells. Surface expression of CD24 and CD56 showed statistically different pattern. However, these 2 did not enhance their morphology, proliferation capacities and tumorigenesis. On the other hand, cDNA analysis with using 58721 probes showed that the level of COL1A1 and IGFBP7 were matched their morphology and tumorigenesis character. In animal models, xenografts from subclones, tumor-progression/invasion and animal survivals were also different. Some clones invaded contra-lateral hemisphere via tract fiber. Our observations suggest that single cell derived subclones from a patient is capable of producing phenotypically heterogeneous self-renewing progenies in an in vitro and in vivo setting. The functional analysis of the heterogeneous GSC clones may provide a better understanding of GSC biology and novel means for testing of new treatment strategies that focus on the eradication of the true GSCs.

Citation Format: Akio Soeda, Akira Hara, Takahiro Kunisada, Toru Iwama. Different tumor-initiating cells from a IDH1 wt glioblastoma patient. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3013. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3013


The phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain is a recently identified protein module that has been characterized as binding to phosphopeptides containing an NPXpY motif (X = any amino acid). We describe here a novel peptide sequence recognized by the PTB domain from Drosophila Numb (dNumb), a protein involved in cell fate determination and asymmetric cell division during the development of the Drosophila nervous system. Using a Tyr-oriented peptide library to screen for ligands, the dNumb PTB domain was found to bind selectively to peptides containing a YIGPYphi motif (phi represents a hydrophobic residue). A synthetic peptide containing this sequence bound specifically to the isolated dNumb PTB domain in solution with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 5.78 +/- 0.74 microM. Interestingly, the affinity of this peptide for the dNumb PTB domain was increased (Kd = 1.41 +/- 0.10 microM) when the second tyrosine in the sequence was phosphorylated. Amino acid substitution studies of the phosphopeptide demonstrated that a core motif of sequence GP(p)Y is required for high-affinity binding to the dNumb PTB domain. Nuclear magnetic resonance experiments performed on isotopically labeled protein complexed with either Tyr- or pTyr-containing peptides suggest that the same set of amino acids in the dNumb PTB domain is involved in binding both phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated forms of the peptide. The in vitro selectivity of the dNumb PTB domain is therefore markedly different from those of the Shc and IRS-1 PTB domains, in that it interacts preferentially with a GP(p)Y motif, rather than NPXpY, and does not absolutely require ligand phosphorylation for binding. Our results suggest that the PTB domain is a versatile protein module, capable of exhibiting varied binding specificities.


We studied zinc nutrition in exclusively breast-fed infants whose growth deviated from the norm. Their number fell from 200 at birth to 116 at the age of 6 months and 36 at the age of 9 months. The mothers received 0, 20, or 40 mg Zn+ + as sulfate daily. Breast milk intake and concentrations of zinc in milk as well as in maternal and infant serum were measured. Individual zinc concentrations in milk showed channeling. The 20-mg supplement had no effect on the parameters measured. In contrast, 40 mg increased the maternal serum zinc concentration by 2 months and slowed the normal decline of milk zinc concentration by 6 months. Maternal supplementation had no effect on infant serum concen-trations; they remained lower than adult levels throughout the 1st year of life. Zinc intake was low (about one-tenth of RDA), but it seemed to be adequate; the serum concentrations of the infants were stable after the age of 2 months. Low zinc concentrations in serum were not associated with impaired growth. On the contrary, the infants with the highest rates of growth had the lowest zinc concentrations. The infant serum zinc concentrations were channeled, but they were also influenced by the zinc intake. Reference values for breast-fed infants are given.


Maternal agreement with the Down's syndrome stereotype (as outlined in the literature) was investigated as a function of direct experience of the condition. Using an adjective checklist devised for this project, mothers of children aged between 3 and 9 years were asked to describe Down's children. Statistical analysis of the data collected revealed that familiarity with the condition resulted in a broader general stereotype (represented by the number of adjectives endorsed). Specifically, mothers of Down's Syndrome children attributed more personality traits to the Down's child than mothers without direct experience of the condition. Mothers of such children also claimed a wider range of personality characteristics for their own child than for Down's children in general. Implications for future research were discussed, as was the value of 'normalization' and increased contact with normal peers in the education and integration into the community of Down's children.


This study addresses how to maintain oceanic mixing along potential density surface in ocean data assimilation (ODA). It is well known that the oceanic mixing across the potential density surface is much weaker than that along the potential density surface. However, traditional ODA schemes allow the mixing across the potential density surface and thus may result in extra assimilation errors. Here, a new ODA scheme that uses potential density gradient information of the model background to rescale observational adjustment is designed to improve the quality of assimilation. The new scheme has been tested using a regional ocean model within a multiscale 3-dimensional variational framework. Results show that the new scheme effectively prevents the excessive unphysical projection of observational information in the direction across potential density surface and thus improves assimilation quality greatly. Forecast experiments also show that the new scheme significantly improves the model forecast skills through providing more dynamically consistent initial conditions


Abstract Background and study aims Incomplete colonoscopy may occur as a result of colon angulation (adhesions or diverticulosis), endoscope looping, or both. Specialty endoscopes/devices have been shown to successfully complete prior incomplete colonoscopies, but may not be widely available. Radiographic or other image-based evaluations have been shown to be effective but may miss small or flat lesions, and colonoscopy is often still indicated if a large lesion is identified. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an algorithm to determine the optimum endoscope to ensure completion of the examination in patients with prior incomplete colonoscopy. Patients and methods This was a prospective cohort study of 175 patients with prior incomplete colonoscopy who were referred to a single endoscopist at a single academic medical center over a 3-year period from 2012 through 2015. Colonoscopy outcomes from the initial 50 patients were used to develop an algorithm to determine the optimal standard endoscope and technique to achieve cecal intubation. The algorithm was validated on the subsequent 125 patients. Results The overall repeat colonoscopy success rate using a standard endoscope was 94 %. The initial standard endoscope specified by the algorithm was used and completed the colonoscopy in 90 % of patients. Conclusions This study identifies an effective strategy for completing colonoscopy in patients with prior incomplete examination, using widely available standard endoscopes and an algorithm based on patient characteristics and reasons for prior incomplete colonoscopy.


There are many plant species belonging to the genus Buxus . The taxonomy in the genus is far more confusing, especially endemic to Chinese pearl boxwood ( Buxus sinica var. parvifolia ), a rare endangered species in China, which remains controversial in phylogenetics and classification yet. In this research, we chose five plant species in the Buxus genus and five populations of endangered Chinese pearl boxwood ( Buxus sinica var. parvifolia ) to analyze rDNA ITS sequences. By combining the other nine species of Buxus genus reported in the GenBank and using ITS sequence of Pachysandra terminalis as reference, we did alignment analysis for the ITS sequences of 18 species of the Buxus genus. The results indicated that nucleotide substitution in ITS sequences of Buxus plants should be far more transition occurring than transversion being. In the region of ITS-1, the numbers of bases transiting are almost similar as that of bases transversing, while in the region of ITS-2 the numbers of base transiting are more than that of base transversing and the same situation takes place in the region of 5.8S. However, the ratio of base substitutions in the regions of ITS-1 and ITS -2 or 5.8S did not reach significant difference based on the calculations following the Juks & Cantor's One Parameter Model and Kimura's Two Parameter Model in statistics. The values of the ratio calculated by Two Parameter Model were a little bit larger than that by One Parameter Model due to transition took place more than transversion happened in the region of ITS-2. Based on detecting the relative rate of molecular evolution of different clustering groups in Genus Buxus , the results presented that there was an obvious difference of molecular evolution rate of ITS sequences among the clusters in Buxus plants. In this study, it suggested that Chinese pearl boxwood ( B. sinica var. parvifolia ) should be a sister species instead of a variant of B. sinica according to the relative rates of detection and phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, there was close genetic relationship between B. sinica var. parvifolia and B. henryi .


The supply chain faces uncertainties, especially with the flow of products and information that may affect the productivity, revenue and competitive advantages of many organizations. It is therefore necessary for these organizations to be agile and resilient enough to meet with these uncertainties so that they may be managed appropriately or even avoided. In a publication by Mensah et.al (2014), the authors introduce a theoretical approach where the "conceptualization of risks for subsequent simulation-based analysis" is evaluated. This includes the description of "a generic conceptual model of a retail node" followed by the introduction of performance indicators relevant for simulation base analysis. Hence, a concept for further studies from a practical point of view has now arisen. This article therefore introduces a new case study where the flow of products in a real company is conceptualized for simulation base analysis to raise the awareness of the organization in case of uncertainties.


The physico-chemical characteristics and nanostructure of the aerosol samples from a coal-fired power plant, a charcoal kiln and diesel vehicles were investigated with focusing on black carbon (BC). Aerosols from the coalfired power plant were mostly comprised of mineral ash spheres which are heterogeneously mixed. The main components of the aerosols from coal-fired power plant were calcium compounds, iron oxide, alumino-silicate without BC. The typical combustion-generated BC which shows the shape of bunch of grapes with 20~50 ㎚ particles which were detected in aerosol particles from diesel vehicles. The nanostructure of each BC particle shows the shape of concentric circles which is comprised of closely-packed graphene layers. Aerosols from charcoal kiln were likely condensed organic carbon generated from the low-temperature combustion process.


DICING is a synchronous stream cipher submitted to the ECRYPT stream cipher project. Two versions of the cipher actually exist: the first one can be found in the proceedings of the SKEW conference, while the second is available from the web site. In this paper we describe practical distinguishing and key recovery attacks against the first version. These attacks do not apply as such to the web site version of DICING.


Birds may respond to habitat at multiple scales, ranging from microhabitat structure to landscape composition. North American grassland bird distributions predominantly reside on private lands, and populations have been consistently declining. Many of these lands are enrolled in U.S. federal conservation programmes, and properly guided management policies could alleviate declines. However, more evaluative research is needed on the effects of management policies juxtaposed with other multi‐scale habitat features. Furthermore, research focused on nest survival is arguably more valuable because habitat associations with avian densities can sometimes be deceptive. We investigated nest survival of a grassland facultative (red‐winged blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus) and obligate species (dickcissel Spiza americana), and two nesting communities (ground and above‐ground nesters) relative to management and multi‐scale habitat (nest‐site characteristics, in‐field microhabitat, patch metrics, and landscape context). Our study was conducted on private lands in Illinois (2011–2014) and directly linked to policy‐based management (discing, herbicidal spraying, spray/interseeding) and landowner decisions. Multi‐scale models explained more variation in nest survival compared to single scales or management in three of four analyses (blackbirds, dickcissels, and above‐ground nesters). Finer‐scale habitat variables, such as nest‐site characteristics, were more often in top and among the competitive models relative to landscape factors. Compared with other management types, discing (i.e., tractor‐pulled disc harrows removed approximately 50% of vegetation) displayed distinct effects and positively influenced nest survival in above‐ground nesters. Also, greater proportions of a field managed cumulatively and yearly, regardless of type, generally improved nest survival for dickcissels and above‐ground nesters. All groups except above‐ground nesters had generally higher nest survival in native‐grass dominated fields. Synthesis and applications. Habitat practitioners can improve nest survival for certain grassland birds by directly affecting in‐field microhabitat vegetation and structure. However, characteristics associated with specific nest locations often drive nest survival. We suggest habitat managers and agency staff promote native grass practices and management, such as discing, to enhance nest survival of grassland bird populations. Management will likely be most effective in favourable unfragmented grassland landscapes with less surrounding forested areas, which also promote other important responses (e.g., colonization and persistence) of target species.


We have performed saturation spectroscopy measurements of the lowest intersubband transition in a single 400 AA GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As modulation-doped square quantum well. We couple intense tunable far-infrared radiation from the Santa Barbara free electron laser into our sample using an edge-coupling technique and measure absorption as a function of frequency and intensity. Saturation and frequency shifts in the absorption line are clearly observed. We attribute the frequency shifts to reductions in the many-body depolarization shift. From our preliminary measurements, we estimate the intersubband relaxation time to be 600 ps to within a factor of three.


Research literature shows that isolation and lack of
interaction and engagement exist in traditional classes. Audience Response Systems (ARS), which have been identified as a potential, innovative solution, to aid in fixing disconnection associated with traditional education practices. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of audience response systems on student active learning in secondary education. The sample learning institution in this research is Adni International Islamic
School. This study used survey and observation method to
determine the effect of audience response systems on active
learning in computer studies class at Adni International Islamic School. Based on the pilot study's findings, continued use of audience response systems is recommended. ARS can trigger student active learning. ARS give teachers a means of presenting information and gauging comprehension while engaging students. Students learn using various learning styles and audience response systems give teachers another opportunity to meet those varied styles of learning. Changes in delivery of instruction are needed to meet all learning styles of children today. Leaders in education should embrace technological changes and incorporate them into instruction. Audience response systems may provide that change in instructional
practices.


BACKGROUND
Studies on body mass index (BMI) and post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) outcomes have suggested an "obesity paradox" (lower post-PCI mortality rates in obese patients compared to patients of normal weight). Hypothesis. We assessed the hypothesis that BMI is an independent predictor of post-PCI long-term mortality in African-Americans.

METHODS
We evaluated 777 patients (146 with normal BMI [BMI > 18.5 to < 25 kg/m2], 261 overweight patients [BMI > or = 25 to < 30 kg/m2], and 370 obese patients [BMI > or = 30 kg/m2]) who underwent PCI during January 2003 to August 2006.

RESULTS
After a median follow up of 4 +/- 1 years, the overall mortality rate was 10.5% (82 deaths). The survival rate was 84%, 90% and 92% in the normal BMI, overweight and obese groups, respectively (p = 0.014 by log-rank test; hazard ratio relative to the obese group was 2.2 for the normal weight and 1.2 for the overweight groups). After adjustment for baseline clinical and procedural characteristics (age, smoking history, chronic renal insufficiency, end-stage renal disease, left main coronary artery intervention, preprocedure hemoglobin, left ventricular ejection fraction and successful PCI) using a Cox proportional hazards model, there was no significant difference in the long-term all-cause mortality rate among the three groups (p = 0.93).

CONCLUSION
BMI does not appear to be an independent predictor of long-term mortality after PCI in African-Americans.


A concise and enantioselective total synthesis of the potent PI3K inhibitor (+)-wortmannin is described. A Pd-catalyzed cascade reaction was first developed to connect a synthon derived from Hajos-Parrish ketone to a furan moiety. The subsequent Friedel-Crafts alkylation of the β-position of a furan ring to an epoxide was optimized to establish the C10 quaternary center. (+)-Wortmannin was eventually accomplished by transformations following a late-stage oxidation of the furan allylic position. Kinome profiling and in vitro enzymatic assays were performed on 17-β-hydroxy-wortmannin and an epoxide analogue.


The viral lifecycle is critically dependent upon host lipids. Enveloped viral entry requires fusion between viral and cellular membranes. Once an infection has occurred, viruses may rely on host lipids for replication and egress. Upon exit, enveloped viruses derive their lipid bilayer from host membranes during the budding process. Furthermore, host lipid metabolism and signaling are often hijacked to facilitate viral replication. We employed an untargeted HILIC-IM-MS lipidomics approach and identified host lipid species that were significantly altered during vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection. Many glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid species were modified, and ontological enrichment analysis suggested that the alterations to the lipid profile change host membrane properties. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), which can contribute to membrane curvature and serve as a signaling molecule, was depleted during infection, while several ceramide sphingolipids were augmented during infection. Ceramide and sphingomyelin lipids were also enriched in viral particles, indicating that sphingolipid metabolism is important during VSV infection.


Rare-earth-based Ca9RE(PO4)7 (RE = Nd, Gd, Dy) materials were synthesized by solid-state reaction at T = 1200 °C. The obtained tricalcium phosphate (TCP) materials are efficient light emitters due to the presence of RE3+ ions, although these ions are present at high concentrations. Moreover, in these host structures, these ions can be used as optical probes to study their local environments. Thus, photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra of the powder samples clearly indicated, for Dy3+ and Gd3+ ions, the presence of the RE3+ ion in low-symmetry sites with some local structural disorder, and the spectra show the presence of vibrational features (in the case of Gd3+). For the Nd3+ phase, emission bands are present around 900, 1050, and 1330 nm, originating from the 4F3/2 level. In general, these RE-TCP samples are interesting luminescent materials in the visible (Dy), UV (Gd), and NIR (Nd) regions, due to weak concentration quenching even for high concentrations of the emitting ion.


The disagreement about intertemporal coordination between Austrians and Keynesians is explained pointing out to differences both in the way expectations and motivations are treated and the methodological principles assumed by each view. Austrians believe that research should proceed showing first what guarantees a successful coordination in individualsS plans, and only latter showing which could hinder the "natural" course. Keynes, on the contrary, do not start with any ideal state of affairs, but allows economies to work either "good" or "bad" according to the prevailing expectations among entrepreneurs. In this way uncertainty and expectations are fully incorporated into economic theory. A link between Austrian approach and popperian situational analysis is suggested.


This article provides an overview of the history of science in New Zealand over the period 1769– 1992. General histories of New Zealand often overlook science and scientists and their contribution to shaping the country. This broad overview of New Zealand's science history is not so much a re-interpretation of events through a history of science lens, but rather an introduction to the contribution of science to New Zealand's history, and follows a narrative showing the progression of science from Enlightenment and colonial science through the emergence of state science and the recent commercialisation of science. Along the way some key scientific institutions, including the New Zealand Institute and the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, are introduced, along with some of the individuals who have made a contribution to science in New Zealand and its history in general.


Synthesis of quinolines containing selenium and sulfur bioactive ligands and their Fe(III) complexes is described. Invitro antioxidant activity were evaluated against, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion radical, reducing power and hydroxyl radical (·HO). At different concentrations, (20-60 μg/mL) the total antioxidant activity of synthesized ligands showed 71, 75 and 83% and complexes showed 76, 85, 94% of inhibition. Where at the same concentration and experimental condition the standard antioxidant such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and α-tocopherol exhibited 94, 95 and 63% inhibitions on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion. In support to antioxidants, DNA cleavage investigation of complexes leads to protective effect on DNA cleavage. Hence, this study confirms ligands and their Fe(III)-chelator as antioxidants as well as protect against DNA cleavage.