Background: Ultrasound is a sensitive tool for detecting axillary metastasis in breast cancer patients in the absence of palpable lymph nodes. FNA (Fine Needle Aspiration) of these suspicious nodes can help in accurate preoperative staging of the axilla.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Surgery, Unit 1 at Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi from 20th February 2017 to 19th August 2017. A total number of 100 patient of biopsy-proven breast cancer with no palpable lymph nodes in axilla were included. All underwent axillary ultrasound. FNA was performed in all cases having suspicious lymph node characteristics. Those having malignant cells in FNA report had axillary dissection without undergoing per-operative sentinel lymph node biopsies. In rest, per-operative SLNB (Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy) was performed. Postoperative all dissected axillary specimens were reviewed by a pathologist for final diagnosis.

Results: Ultrasonography guided FNA supported the diagnosis of malignant breast lesions in 60 (60.0%) patients. Histopathology confirmed malignancy in 62 (62.0%) cases. In 60 ultrasonography-guided FNA positive patients, 58 (true positive) had malignant breast lesions and 02 (false positive) had benign on histopathology findings. Among, 40 ultrasonography-guided FNA negative patients, 04 (false negative) had malignant breast lesions on histopathology whereas 36 (true negative) had benign lesions on histopathology. Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound-guided FNA for diagnosis of carcinoma breast taking histopathology as the gold standard was 93.55%, 94.74%, 96.67%, 90.0% and 94.0% respectively

Background: Ultrasound is a sensitive tool for detecting axillary metastasis in breast cancer patients in the absence of palpable lymph nodes. FNA (Fine Needle Aspiration) of these suspicious nodes can help in accurate preoperative staging of the axilla.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Surgery, Unit 1 at Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi from 20th February 2017 to 19th August 2017. A total number of 100 patient of biopsy-proven breast cancer with no palpable lymph nodes in axilla were included. All underwent axillary ultrasound. FNA was performed in all cases having suspicious lymph node characteristics. Those having malignant cells in FNA report had axillary dissection without undergoing per-operative sentinel lymph node biopsies. In rest, per-operative SLNB (Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy) was performed. Postoperative all dissected axillary specimens were reviewed by a pathologist for final diagnosis.

Results: Ultrasonography guided FNA supported the diagnosis of malignant breast lesions in 60 (60.0%) patients. Histopathology confirmed malignancy in 62 (62.0%) cases. In 60 ultrasonography-guided FNA positive patients, 58 (true positive) had malignant breast lesions and 02 (false positive) had benign on histopathology findings. Among, 40 ultrasonography-guided FNA negative patients, 04 (false negative) had malignant breast lesions on histopathology whereas 36 (true negative) had benign lesions on histopathology. Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound-guided FNA for diagnosis of carcinoma breast taking histopathology as the gold standard was 93.55%, 94.74%, 96.67%, 90.0% and 94.0% respectively.


Significant interstrain differences in intensity and character of changes in gastric mucosa induced by affecting the serotoninergic system, were found. The main mechanism of stress-induced stomach ulceration was found to involve brain serotonin in central regulation of the stomach blood flow. Use of exogenic amine and its precursor corroborated the serotonin-dependent ulceration of the stomach in mice.


We employed the fast-neutral-beam technique in a measurement of the absolute partial cross section for the formation of ions following controlled electron-impact ionization of the fullerene from threshold to 200 eV. Our measurement is the first report of an absolute measurement of this cross section which does not employ any normalization procedure and which does not rely on the use of controversial vapour pressure versus temperature data for to determine the number density in the ion source. All quantities that determine the ionization cross section were measured directly in our apparatus. We found a peak value for the parent ionization cross section of in the energy range between 70 and 80 eV. This value is in very good agreement (to within 5%) with the cross section reported earlier by Matt et al (1996 J. Chem. Phys. 105 1880) who employed a novel normalization procedure. Our cross section is significantly lower than the cross sections reported by several other investigators who relied on vapour pressure data in their absolute calibration.


The list of intermediate hosts of Bunodera luciopercae is given. In Lake Syamozero they are represented by crustaceans Heterocope, Ophryoxus. Data on their role in the ration of juvenile perch are given. Diurnal dynamics of the ratio between infected and noninfected plankton in feeding and the process of the formation of fish infection have been studied.


REPORT OF A CASE A 6-year-old girl had first noted hair loss associated with pruritus in a patch on the vertex of her scalp at age 5 years. Over the subsequent year, she slowly lost more hair both in the original location as well as in new areas on her scalp. She was otherwise in good health and had no history of other hair or skin disease. She had been born in New York and had never left the United States. She had no pets, but often played with a cousin's dog. No family members or friends had had skin or hair disorders. The patient's mother was born in Puerto Rico but had lived in New York for many years. On examination, there were five irregular 1- to 2-cm patches of scarring alopecia on the vertex of her scalp, each with central erythema and scale-crust (Fig 1). Hairs were not


Brand Identity is a process to make an identity or brand that can be known of everyone. Brand
Identity can be fully mean as a brand that has their view point of identity to attract attention of
people. But that Brand Identity is not only can be seen, but also can be remembered, touched, felt
and it is real. The brand also can be found everywhere. They are such mascots, billboards,
signage, and others. In the making of this brand, needed some very important elements, that
support in processing the identity, they are colors, example of logos, typography, and layout.
Brand Identity is so influential in design world, moreover for the new built firms. For that firms
certainly need an identity or brand, so that they can be known of people.
Just like one of village in Tuban City that needs this Brand Identity too. Tuban City has craft that
has been handed down by their ancestor for the next generation, so that the craft that has long
made will not be extinct. Previously batik was made by weaving process, but in the modern era
like this, looms that was used to made batik has changed to canting. Most of the batik maker the
oldest until the youngest are still active to make batik. This Batik Tuban Village also needs an
identity to introduce people of their place, so that the people know of the existence of batik
village behind the hill and it can be batik tourism.The main media that use to introduce Batik
Tuban Village to people is GSM Book.
The methods that the writer did to made design were interviewed with the informant of Tuban
City's government as stake holder and the headman of batik village, and also spread 100
questionnaire. The result of the methods was many people did not know the existence of Batik
Tuban Village in Margorejo Village. So making Brand Identity for the Batik Tuban Village is
right implementation of design as solution to introduce and promote this place to the world.
Keywords: Brand Identity, Batik, Tuban Graphic Standard Manual


Edge-finishing of granites by grinding is a process frequently used in the granite processing industry to generate the final desired shape and edge quality of products. However, this process releases significant amounts of fine and ultrafine particles (FPs and UFPs) containing crystalline silica. When inhaled, this dust can cause silicosis disease and threaten the health and safety of workers. The purpose of this study is to optimize the process by decreasing the concentrations of dust generated while also maintaining the required surface finish. Experimental tests were planned and performed on granite samples using a full factorial design. Two cutting tool edge shapes were studied (chamfer and concave) using G150 and G600 grit size tools, at various spindle speeds (1500, 2500, 3500 rpm), feed rates (500, 1000, 1500 mm/min) and lubrication flow rates (20, 40, 60 mL/min). The findings show that the particle emissions as well as the surface finish depend on the tool shape, its grit size, and the machining and lubrication parameters used. Higher MQL flow rates led to better finished surface quality and lower concentrations of fine dust. Polishing with flood lubrication reduces the maximum number concentration of FPs corresponding to particles smaller than 1 µm diameter by about 85% as compared to dry polishing and produced the best surface finish. Polishing with lubrication in MQL mode at 60 mL/min led to the production of part with Ra-value comparable with that obtained in flood lubrication condition.


Polarisation singularities and optical diabols in laser beams are studied experimentally by the developed method of digital Stokes-polarimetry. Three possible morphological forms of singularities with circular polarisation (C points) are found and their statistics in the speckle pattern of photoinduced scattering is determined. Singular fields with controllable parameters are realised and used for studying topological transformations, creation and annihilation of singularities and optical diabols. Both possible types of distributions of the major and minor semiaxes of polarisation ellipses in the beam cross section around C points (optical diabols) are measured. It is shown that, in accordance with the theory, the annihilation of pairs of elliptical diabols is preceded by their transformation to hyperbolic diabols.


The disposal of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) by-products has become a major concern as issues of emission cleansing and landfill costs continue to rise. Laboratory tests conducted at the Ohio State University have shown that dry FGD by-products possess certain engineering properties that have proven desirable in a number of construction uses. As a follow on to the laboratory program, a field investigation into engineering uses of dry FGD wastes was initiated. In the present work, an FGD by-product was used to reconstruct the failed portion of a highway embankment. The construction process and the stability of the repaired embankment are examined.


Stereotyping was still affecting the company to recruit employees. However, these stereotypes did not alwaysgive positive results as expected the company to its employees. This often lead employees to be abuse, whichlater affected the performance. Stereotypes were not supported by facilities and protection of the company, orfrom a legal perspective. These made women as Sales Promotion Girl (SPG) increasingly vulnerable to do thejob. The Convention on The Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) should help to providelegal protection for this SPG but what happened the application of CEDAW was not implemented by thecompany. Besides social security program, workers were often violated as well. This research was based onrandom sample to 25 (twenty five) SPGs in Mall Margo City, Mall Depok Town Square, Plaza Depok, Depok,Jawa Barat. The results showed that the stereotype the company had, increase the chance for those women toexperience sexual harassment. The nation should regulate the guideline in this matter, so that those women areprotected from sexual harassment in the workplace.


This study adopts a social constructionist perspective, which focuses on how people make meaning of themselves and of the world in their discursive practices. By emphasizing the performative character of language, the aim of this study was to describe meanings of mental illness produced in a therapeutic group, offered in a mental health ambulatory, and the implications of the use of these meanings to the group conversations. The meaning making analysis was based on the transcriptions of 16 group sessions. This analysis allowed us to describe some meanings of mental illness, to construct links among these meanings and the changing view favored by them, as well as the interaction among the group participants. Based on this, we suggest that thinking about some mental illness meanings and its use can be useful to promote dialogical exchanges in group therapy and the conversational construction of change.


The effects in vitro of D-amino acids or glycine on the formation of wall-bound peptidoglycan were studied with wall membrane enzyme preparations from Gaffkya homari. These amino acids inhibited the incorporation of nascent peptidoglycan into the preformed polymer (e.g. ID50 values for D-alanine, D-leucine, and glycine = 5.6 mmol/l, 1.3 mmol/l, and 11 mmol/l, respectively). The inhibition was accompanied by an incorporation of the inhibitor into position 4 of the peptide subunit Ala1-DGlu2(Lys3-DAla4), where the indices refer to the position of an amino acid residue within the peptide subunit. It is suggested that the reaction is catalyzed by an LD-carboxypeptidase. Therefore, this enzyme has also D-amino acid exchange activity. At inhibitory concentration fewer tripeptide subunits were formed in the nascent peptidoglycan in favour of the formation of tetrapeptide subunits bearing the inhibitor at the C termini. The tripeptide subunits are assumed to be necessary in order that nascent peptidoglycan is utilized as substrate in the transpeptidation reaction. Thus an essential role of the LD-carboxypeptidase is indicated.


The authors report one case of pituitary abscess; the diagnosis of which was particularly difficult due to its association to a multiple sclerosis that began twelve years before. A review of thirty-one pituitary abscess reported in the literature from 1970 to 1985 is made. Opto-chiasmatic compression is observed in fifty-five per cent of the cases, pituitary insufficiency in fifty-five per cent, and meningitis in sixty per cent of the cases. Although the characteristic association of meningitis and pituitary tumor symptoms occur in thirty per cent of the cases, the diagnosis is made at surgery. Pituitary adenoma and craniopharyngioma were the most frequent preoperative misdiagnosis for pituitary abscess. The extended use of cerebral C.T. Scan will allow an easier recognition of this rare entity. The discussion includes life and visual prognosis. The etiology remains unexplained in nearly half of the cases.


This study was performed in an attempt to investigate the following three hypotheses: 1) There is a significant relationship between locus of control and conformity. 2) Women conform more in comparison to men. 3) Men have a more internal locus of control compared to women. For this purpose, 365 university students were selected randomly as the sample group, and a questionnaire regarding locus of control and conformity was presented to them. The results showed that there does not exist a significant relationship between them. Moreover, the results indicated that in different social positions, men conform significantly (.002) more than women. The only hypothesis in this study that was approved was the third one, such that in the scale of locus of control, men had a more significant (.003) internal locus of control compared to women. Finally, the limitations faced by this research and suggestions for future studies have been discussed.


The binding of the lectins concanavalin A (Con A), peanut lectin (PNL), Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA I), Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA I) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to rat brains at several fetal and neonatal stages of development was evaluated. Cytochemical staining was performed using biotinylated lectins with an avidin-biotin complex with and without neuraminidase digestion. Differential binding to ventricular and intermediate layers, cortical plate and blood capillaries was demonstrated at different stages of development. WGA bound to blood capillaries at all ages, RCA I and PNL + N (PNL after neuraminidase digestion) from gestational day 22 on. During migration RCA I bound to cell fibers, PNL and UEA I to migrating cell bodies. Con A and UEA I stained perikaryonal structures of cortical neurons increasingly during neonatal development. It appears that cytochemical methods utilizing lectins can be used for the investigation of developmental processes of the central nervous system.


Balancing safety and efficiency when planning in dense traffic is challenging. Interactive behavior planners incorporate prediction uncertainty and interactivity inherent to these traffic situations. Yet, their use of single-objective optimality impedes interpretability of the resulting safety goal. Safety envelopes which restrict the allowed planning region yield interpretable safety under the presence of behavior uncertainty, yet, they sacrifice efficiency in dense traffic due to conservative driving. Studies show that humans balance safety and efficiency in dense traffic by accepting a probabilistic risk of violating the safety envelope. In this work, we adopt this safety objective for interactive planning. Specifically, we formalize this safety objective, present the Risk-Constrained Robust Stochastic Bayesian Game modeling interactive decisions satisfying a maximum risk of violating a safety envelope under uncertainty of other traffic participants' behavior and solve it using our variant of Multi-Agent Monte Carlo Tree Search. We demonstrate in simulation that our approach outperforms baselines approaches, and by reaching the specified violation risk level over driven simulation time, provides an interpretable and tunable safety objective for interactive planning.


Basic contemporary trends in schizophrenia studies with leading negative symptoms in the clinical picture has been presented. There were mainly overviewed the works resulted from original research as well as the papers clinical dynamics, the study of constitutional factors, adjustment as well as schizophrenia therapy with predominant negative symptoms. There was shown interdisciplinary character of the discussed problem in the plane of a biopsychosocial approach. There was demonstrated the priority of updating of clinical patterns phenomenology and schizophrenia dynamics with predominance of negative symptoms in connection with the upcoming transition to the new revision of the international classification of diseases and the need for profound studies of the influence of constitutional factors on the clinical dynamics and prognosis of the disorder in terms of patients adjustment and therapy.


Tobacco use — smoked or smokeless — is now recognized as having serious adverse effects on cancer treatment, outcome and quality of life, in addition to its causal role in cancer etiology. Further, nicotine itself has been shown to interfere with the anti-apoptotic effects of some chemotherapeutic agents. Two major thrusts are imperative for research and clinical efforts: To further document the adverse effects of tobacco use through systematic efforts in all clinical trials, by incorporating assessments at every patient visit; and To incorporate tobacco cessation treatment as a routine, mandatory aspect of patient care. Efforts to achieve these goals will be described, as well as an overview of current tobacco cessation programs targeted to oncology patients. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):PL03-01.


The present study was designed to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of Lagenaria siceraria fruit juice in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. Rats injected with isoproterenol (200 mg/kg, s.c.) showed a significant increase in the levels of serum uric acid, tissue Na ++ and Ca ++ ions and membrane-bound Ca +2 -ATPase activity. A significant decrease in the levels of serum protein, tissue K + ion, vitamin E level, and the activities of Na + /K + -ATPase and mg +2 -ATPase was observed. Isoproterenol injected rats also showed a significant increase in the intensity of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme and histopathologic alterations in the heart. Treatment with L. siceraria fruit juice (400 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 30 days and administration of isoproterenol on 29 th and 30 th days showed a protective effect on altered biochemical and histopathologic changes. These findings indicate the cardioprotective effect of L. siceraria fruit juice in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats.


This article considers how legal systems capture different cultural perceptions of work in an individual's life. We inquire how two models—"human capital," based on the works of Adam Smith; and "vocation," based on the works of G. W. F. Hegel—are reflected in legal regulations and judicial rhetoric in the United States and Germany. Specifically, we examine how these two legal systems treat the practice of using personal names—the most direct referents to individuals' identities—in business. We discuss three sets of cases: cases involving the use of personal names as trademarks, cases involving conflicts between parties with similar names, and cases involving the transfer of rights in personal names. The article demonstrates that the US legal system treats work as a commercial asset, as "human capital" in Smith's sense, whereas German law perceives work as an integral part of one's identity, echoing the Hegelian line of "vocation."


between the seventh and eighth decade of life; the incidence is between 0.01% and 0.11% with a predominance in men. The diverticulum is located in Killian's triangle, between the inferior pharyngeal constrictor and the cricopharyngeus muscle. Its pathogenesis remains disputed, but impaired function of the upper esophageal sphincter, resulting in increased intrabolus pressure, has been implicated in the formation of the diverticulum. Patients with Zenker's diverticulum present with dysphagia, regurgitation of undigested food, and halitosis. With enlargement of the pouch, aspiration and consequent pneumonia, malnutrition, weight loss, and cervical borborygmi can occur. The clinical symptoms and barium swallow lead to diagnosis [1]. Treatment is indicated for all symptomatic patients with Zenker's diverticulum. Minimally invasive, flexible endoscopy techniques utilizing electrocautery, argon plasma coagulator, or carbon dioxide lasers are particularly suitable for the typical elderly patient suffering from Zenker's diverticulum with multiple comorbidities, high anesthetic risk, and reduced mouth opening. Perforation and mediastinitis occur in up to 5% of cases because the inferior border of the diverticulum beneath the muscle is endoscopically hard to define and thermal or incision injury is hard to control [2,3]. Here we report a case of a 3-cm Zenker's diverticulum in an 81-year-old woman, which was treated using a hook knife. First, a guide wire was inserted into the esophagus under endoscopic control. The endoscope (Olympus, Hamburg, Germany) was then reintroduced beside the guide wire and the mucosa above the cricopharyngeus muscle was incised using a standard needle knife (Olympus, Hamburg, Germany) (●" Fig. 1). The usually clearly visible cricopharyngeal muscle was dissected using the hook knife (Olympus, Hamburg, Germany) (●" Fig. 2). The hook knife is generally used for dissection of the submucosa during endoscopic submucosal dissection. The cricopharyngeal muscle fibers can be lifted easily with the hook knife and then cut Endoscopic treatment of Zenker's diverticulum using a hook knife


Phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) 3-kinase is thought to participate in the signal transduction pathways initiated by the activation of receptor tyrosine kinases including the insulin receptor. To approach the physiological relevance of this enzyme in insulin signaling, we studied the activation of PtdIns-3-kinase in adipocytes, a major insulin target tissue for glucose transport and utilisation. To analyze possible interactions of the enzyme with cellular proteins, immunoprecipitations with the following antibodies were performed: (a) anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies, (b) two antibodies to the 85-kDa subunit of PtdIns-3-kinase (p85) and (c) an antibody to the 185-kDa major insulin receptor substrate (p185). We show that in cell extracts from adipocytes exposed to insulin, and after immunoprecipitation with an anti-phosphotyrosine antibody and an antibody to p85, we are able to detect a PtdIns-3-kinase activity stimulated by the hormone. Similarly, after immunoprecipitation with an antibody to p185, an increase in the PtdIns-3-kinase activity could be demonstrated. Taken together these results suggest that, upon insulin stimulation of fat cells, PtdIns-3-kinase itself is tyrosine phosphorylated and/or associated with an insulin receptor substrate, such as p185, which could function as a link between the insulin receptor and PtdIns-3-kinase. The PtdIns-3-kinase was activated within 1 min of exposure to insulin, and the half-maximal effect was reached at the same concentration, i.e. 3 nM, as for stimulation of the insulin receptor kinase. Subcellular fractionation showed that PtdIns-3-kinase activity was found both in the membranes and in the cytosol. Further, immunoprecipitation with an antibody to p85, which possesses the capacity to activate PtdIns-3-kinase, suggests that the presence of the enzyme in the membrane may be due to an insulin-induced recruitment of the PtdIns-3-kinase from the cytosol to the membrane. Finally, we used isoproterenol, which exerts antagonistic effects on insulin action. This drug was found to inhibit both the PtdIns-3-kinase and the insulin receptor activation by insulin, suggesting that the activation of the PtdIns-3-kinase was closely regulated by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase. The occurrence of an insulin-stimulated PtdIns-3-kinase in adipocytes leads us to propose that this enzyme might be implicated in the generation of metabolic responses induced by insulin.


This study uses infrasound detections from a repetitive source to estimate the effect of the atmosphere's temporal variability on infrasound. While a previous paper focused on infrasound propagation through the troposphere to a distance of 54 km, this study uses stratospheric returns detected 256 km from the source. Based on source‐receiver pairs, the empirical Green's function is calculated every 20 s for 52 events; these allow generating a set of synthetic signals where variations are ascribed to variation in the atmosphere. In addition, observations are compared with numerical simulation results based on realistic atmospheric conditions. Results show that variations of stratospheric infrasound signals are observed over timescales ranging from tens of seconds to minutes and have dominant periods ranging from tens to hundreds of seconds. These results motivate using infrasound to probe short temporal changes in the middle atmosphere and study their underlying phenomena.


Abstract We studied the immunoglobulins of a cohort of 212 HIV-positive patients followed-up for 13 years. The qualitative study of immunoglobulins by immunoelectrophoresis and immunofixation distinguished three groups of patients: those with monoclonal immunoglobulins, those with minor abnormalities of immunoglobulins and those with polyclonal immunoglobulins. We characterized these groups according to age, sex, immunoglobulin isotypes, and survival curves. The results show that this population of immunoglobulinopathies has distinctive characteristics. In particular, the presence of immunoglobulin abnormalities has no significant prognostic value.


Despite significant progress in the development of treatment options, melanoma remains a leading cause of death due to skin cancer. Advances in our understanding of the genetic, transcriptomic, and morphologic spectrum of benign and malignant melanocytic neoplasia have enabled the field to propose biomarkers with potential diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive value. While these proposed biomarkers have the potential to improve clinical decision making at multiple critical intervention points, most remain unvalidated. Clinical validation of even the most commonly assessed biomarkers will require substantial resources, including limited clinical specimens. It is therefore important to consider the properties that constitute a relevant and clinically-useful biomarker-based test prior to engaging in large validation studies. In this review article we adapt an established framework for determining minimally-useful biomarker test characteristics, and apply this framework to a discussion of currently used and proposed biomarkers designed to aid melanoma detection, staging, prognosis, and choice of treatment.


In terrestrial ecosystems, mycorrhizal fungi are considered to have important role on carbon cycling and its biomass has been studied to quantify their role. We noted why mycorrhizal fungi are important on carbon cycling and focused one of the key factors to asses how much mycorrhizal fungi contribute on the forest carbon cycling, i.e., the biomass of mycorrhizal fungi in ectomycorrhizal fine roots. Three direct methods to quantify the ectomycorrhizal fungi in ectomycorrhizal fine roots were introduced. In the pioneer studies, the value 40% was used as a fungal content in ectomycorrhizal fine roots in many types of forests. However, recent studies showed that the value 40% was not always suitable in various types of forest. Through this report, we emphasize the importance of the further data accumulations in this study field that would lead more precise estimation of forest carbon cycling..


Abstract : This intent of this paper is to provide a cogent argument for why the US military needs to aggressively pursue alternate forms of energy and propulsion power technologies that will dramatically reduce or eliminate the current dependence on foreign petroleum. The research and analysis centered on the premise that the US military, for decades, has been severely constrained by the burden of traditional fossil-fuel-using technologies, which greatly lessens its ability to conduct operational missions anywhere in the world. This premise is supported by factual data that is elaborated on extensively in the paper. A number of federal government agencies were consulted, and numerous documented sources from industry and academia were used in the research for this paper. The technologies discovered among these entities were evaluated and determined worthwhile for investment by the US military, particularly the Army. Although many technologies were reviewed, this paper only focused on the technologies that are viewed as having the greatest potential for military application. In the end, this paper recommends to senior military leadership viable technologies that are worth pursuing at this time as well as one that needs aggressive research initiated now, given its potential for the future.


An equation given by Davey & Stewartson (1974) for the evolution of wave packets in three dimensions is employed to discuss the resonant transfer of energy within the peak of a narrow spectrum of gravity waves. It is shown that the coupling coefficient G( k1, k2, k3, k4) between four nearly equal wavenumbers k1,...,k4 is not zero (as had been speculated) but is equal to 4π. This implies that the exchange of energy within the peak itself is of dominant importance, and leads to a simplified discussion of the energy transfer.


Carried out during a semester-long EFL (English as a foreign language) drama class, this research aimed to scrutinize the effects of digital concept mapping via LMS on English majors' (N=38) PowerPoint (PPT) slide writing skills in Taiwan. Students were instructed to follow the concept mapping agenda via university learning management system (LMS), idea webbing, spider mapping, and network tree making to read and analyze the dramatic texts and to present their analysis on PPT slides. Thus, analytical reading input (digital concept mapping via LMS) was expected to lead an EFL writing output (PPT slide writing). Students were pre-tested, summative assesses, and post-tested using in-class PPT presentations. Results confirmed that analytical reading with digital concept mapping strategies taught by the researcher could solve EFL students' PPT slide writing problems and improve their performance and the attainment of the task shares via LMS. The research offered a different perspective on teaching EFL writing with a specific focus on analytical reading to PPT slide writing and also implied the important consequence on analytical reading to analytical writing for future research.


We describe the morphology and biology of a previously unknown form of branching annelid, Ramisyllis multicaudata gen. et sp. nov., an endosymbiont of shallow-water marine sponges (Petrosia sp., Demospongiae) in northern Australia. It belongs to the polychaete family Syllidae, as does Syllis ramosa McIntosh, 1879, the only other named branching annelid, which was collected from deep-water hexactinellid sponges during the 1875 Challenger expedition. It differs from S. ramosa in parapodial and chaetal morphology. Ramisyllis multicaudata gen. et sp. nov. has segments of several types, including specialized posterior segments on the emergent portions of the worm, and simplified elongate segments that bridge larger cavities in the sponge interior. Aside from the obvious branching form, the new annelid is similar to Parahaplosyllis, differing from it in lacking pharyngeal armature and in the details of the parapodial chaetae and dorsal cirri. Molecular evidence from 16S and 18S rDNA supports a sister-group relationship with Parahaplosyllis, with both being sister to Trypanosyllis and Eurysyllis. The phylogenetic position of R. multicaudata gen. et sp. nov. indicates that branching has evolved independently in Ramisyllis gen. nov. and Syllis. This is supported by differences in the branching process between the two taxa: in S. ramosa branching is initiated by segment addition at the parapodium, whereas in R. multicaudata gen. et sp. nov. segments are added from a region between parapodia. A model for branching in R. multicaudata gen. et sp. nov. is proposed and possible developmental processes underlying branching in Annelida, and body symmetry comparisons with other invertebrates, are also discussed.

© 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 164, 481–497.


Abstract Why do left parties lose vote shares in times of economic crisis and hardship? Why do right-wing governments implement seemingly left-wing policies, such as labor market activation? Why is representation becoming more and more unequal? And why do workers vote for right-wing populist parties? Several political science theories propose meaningful and important answers to these key questions for comparative politics, focusing on identity politics, programmatic convergence of parties or exogenous constraints. However, there is an additional and distinct approach to all of the questions above, which emphasizes socio-structural transformations in the labor market: most of the processes above can be understood with reference to increasing labor market inequality and its political implications. The relevance and explanatory power of labor market inequality for mass politics have not been fully acknowledged in comparative political science and this is the reason for this symposium. Labor market inequality affects political preferences and behavior, electoral politics, representation, and government strategies. The main purpose of our symposium is to make broader comparative politics research aware of the crucial structural changes that labor markets have undergone in the advanced capitalist democracies of the OECD, and of the tremendous implications these changes have had for politics.


For the first time, lead fluoride is used as a fast and compact material in electromagnetic calorimetry. Excellent optical and mechanical properties of the pure Cherenkov crystals are necessary for the A4 Collaboration to perform a measurement of the nucleon's strange form factors. Visible scattering and absorption centers as well as surface damages have been investigated to characterize the quality of more than one thousand crystals. Besides, transmittance measurements have been performed on all crystals to reveal absorption bands produced by intrinsic or impurity related point-structure defects. As a consequence, 89 crystals had to be replaced by the Chinese manufacturer SICCAS.


Mexican immigration into the United States during the period of 1850-1980 is analyzed relying on census data. In the late 1800s immigrants worked on railway construction and on farms in the central and northern plains but they numbered only 68000 in 1880. Between 1900-1930 their numbers exploded from 103000 to close to 1 million due to the demand for agricultural laborers in California and Texas. The Great Depression saw en masse repatriation by 1940 their numbers dwindled to 377000 and it was not until the 60s that a resurgence started. By 1970 their number was 789000 and the corrected 1980 census figure puts their number at 2531000 of which 1.1 million were illegals. Most were males 15-44 years old. Mexicans born outside Mexico were only 269000 in 1980 a figure slightly higher than Mexicans registered in the U.S. in 1910. North Americans and Spanish have been the most numerous immigrants into Mexico since the 19th century but in recent years a massive immigration from Central America has occurred as a result of political turmoil and war. Mexican immigration into the U.S. served as a safety valve for the economy and it has been compared to other demographic phenomena such as births and deaths. The legalization of immigrants in 1986 under a U.S. law has significantly dissipated a constant source of friction with the U.S.


Malnutrition hampers the course of schistosomiasis mansoni infection just as normal growth of adult worms. A comparative morphometric study on adult specimens (male and female) recovered from undernourished (fed with a low protein diet - regional basic diet) and nourished (rodent commercial laboratory food, NUVILAB) white mice was performed. Tomographic images and morphometric analysis of the oral and ventral suckers, reproductive system and tegument were obtained by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy. Undernourished male specimens presented smaller morphometric values (length and width) of the reproductive system (first, third and last testicular lobes) and thickness of the tegument than controls. Besides that, it was demonstrated that the dorsal surface of the male worms bears large tubercles unevenly distributed, but kept grouped and flat. At the subtegumental region, vacuolated areas were detected. It was concluded that the inadequate nutritional status of the vertebrate host has a negative influence mainly in the reproductive system and topographical somatic development of male adult Schistosoma mansoni, inducing some alterations on the structure of the parasite.


Global climate change affects the distributions of ectotherms and may be the cause of several conservation problems, such as great displacement of climatic suitable spaces for species and, consequently, important reductions of the extent of liveable places, threatening the existence of many of them. Species exposure (and hence vulnerability) to global climate change is linked to features of their climatic niches (such as the relative position of the inhabited localities of each species in the climatic space), and therefore to characteristics of their geographic ranges (such as the extent of the distributions or altitudinal range inhabited by the species). In order to analyze the pattern of response of Argentine reptiles to global climate change, we ran phylogenetic generalized least squares models using species exposure to global climate change as a response variable, and (i) niche properties (breadth and position of the species in the climate space) and (ii) general features of the distribution of species (maximum latitude, altitudinal range, maximum elevation, distributional range and proximity to the most important dispersal barrier) as predictors. Our results suggest that the best way to explain climate change exposure is by combining breadth and position of climatic niche of the species or combining geographic features that are indicators of both niche characteristics. Our best model shows that in our study area, species with the narrowest distributional ranges that also inhabit the highest elevations are the most exposed to the effects of global climate change. In this sense, reptile species from Yungas, Puna and Andes ecoregions could be especially vulnerable to the effects of climate change. We believe that these types of models may represent an interesting tool for determining species and places particularly threatened by the effects of global climate change, which should be strongly considered in conservation planning.


Objective: To examine the characteristics of women with antenatal or postnatal anxiety and to investigate aspects of their care that may be associated with it. Background: Positive outcomes following childbirth are associated with good physical and mental health during pregnancy and following childbirth. Although a degree of anxiety is normal in pregnancy, for some women it can become a serious problem. Methods: This study used data on 5332 women from a 2010 national maternity survey which asked about antenatal and postnatal health and well-being three months after childbirth. Women self-identified as experiencing anxiety and other problems during pregnancy and the postnatal period. Results: Antenatal anxiety was reported by 14% of women and postnatal anxiety by 5% of women. Antenatal anxiety was associated with younger age, Black and Minority Ethnic status, single parenthood, living in a disadvantaged area, having an unwanted pregnancy and long-term health problems. Of these factors, only long-term mental health problems were associated with anxiety in the postnatal period. In the logistic regression models long-term mental health problems dominated the findings. Significant differences in the perceptions of the care experienced were evident in the responses from women with anxiety both antenatally and postnatally. Conclusions: This study shows that antenatal and postnatal anxiety are influenced by health and social factors. Asking women about their current physical and psychological health and past history during pregnancy and following up on their well-being in the postnatal period is an essential element in planning and providing care to meet their needs.


This article challenges the orthodox view that, in adjudicating upon contract interpretation disputes, the task of the courts is to determine the parties' presumed intention and that evidence of the parties' actual mutual intention, usually to be found in their communications in the course of negotiating the contract, is irrelevant and inadmissible as an aid to interpretation. It is argued that, in any event, little of substance is left in the rule excluding evidence of prior negotiations once it is accepted that such evidence is admissible to prove that relevant background facts were known to the parties and that the safety devices of rectification and estoppel are alternative means of enforcing an agreed meaning. The courts are highly unlikely nowadays to give a meaning to contractual terms that is inconsistent with a clearly proven consensus of the parties.


Gallium-based alloys have garnered considerable attention in the scientific community, particularly as they are in an atypical liquid state at and near room temperature. Though physical parameters, such as thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, viscosity, yield stress, and surface tension, of these alloys are broadly known, the surface tension (surface free energy) of the oxide skin remains intangible due to the high yield stress of the oxide skin. In this article, we propose to employ gradually attenuated vibrations to obtain equilibrium shapes, which are analyzed along the lines of the puddle height method. The surface tension of the oxide skin was determined on quartz glass and liquid metal-phobic diamond coating to be around 350-365 mN/m, thus independent of the substrate surface or employed liquid metal (i.e., eutectic Ga-In (EGaIn) and galinstan). The similarity of the surface tension for different alloys was ascribed to the composition of the oxide skin, which predominantly comprises gallium oxides due to thermodynamic constraints. We envision that this method can also be applied to other liquid metal alloys and liquid metal marble systems facilitating modeling, simulation, and optimization processes.


Carbon aerogels (CAs) electrodes with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) additive were fabricated and used as electrosorption electrodes. The capacitive deionization (CDI) performance of the CAs electrodes with different proportions of RGO was investigated. The results show that the CAs electrodes with RGO additive exhibit better electrosorption performance compared with pure CAs electrodes and an electrode with acetylene black additive, indicating that RGO can serve as a flexible bridge to form a "plane-to-point" (RGO-to-CAs) conducting network, which can improve the electron transfer within the CAs electrode. The CAs electrode with 15 wt% RGO was further used in membrane capacitive deionization which integrates ion-exchange membranes with CDI and an extremely high desalination efficiency of 98% was obtained.


In this paper, we present our solution to the New frontiers for Zero-shot Image Captioning Challenge. Different from the traditional image captioning datasets, this challenge includes a larger new variety of visual concepts from many domains (such as COVID-19) as well as various image types (photographs, illustrations, graphics). For the data level, we collect external training data from Laion-5B, a large-scale CLIP-filtered image-text dataset. For the model level, we use OFA, a large-scale visual-language pre-training model based on handcrafted templates, to perform the image captioning task. In addition, we introduce contrastive learning to align image-text pairs to learn new visual concepts in the pre-training stage. Then, we propose a similarity-bucket strategy and incorporate this strategy into the template to force the model to generate higher quality and more matching captions. Finally, by retrieval-augmented strategy, we construct a content-rich template, containing the most relevant top-k captions from other image-text pairs, to guide the model in generating semantic-rich captions. Our method ranks first on the leaderboard, achieving 105.17 and 325.72 Cider-Score in the validation and test phase, respectively.


Recently, automatic video captioning has attracted increasing attention, where the core challenge lies in capturing the key semantic items, like objects and actions as well as their spatial-temporal correlations from the redundant frames and semantic content. To this end, existing works select either the key video clips in a global level~(across multi frames), or key regions within each frame, which, however, neglect the hierarchical order, i.e., key frames first and key regions latter. In this paper, we propose a novel joint-hierarchical attention model for video captioning, which embeds the key clips, the key frames and the key regions jointly into the captioning model in a hierarchical manner. Such a joint-hierarchical attention model first conducts a global selection to identify key frames, followed by a Gumbel sampling operation to identify further key regions based on the key frames, achieving an accurate global-to-local feature representation to guide the captioning. Extensive quantitative evaluations on two public benchmark datasets MSVD and MSR-VTT demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method over the state-of-the-art methods.


Engineering competence is a major competitive parameter in knowledge society, especially in the industry subject to very fast innovation processes. Being one step ahead of the competitors with incorporation of new knowledge in the products puts focus on the importance of human resources as a significant resource for industrial development. Continuing professional development of engineering staff is therefore very important. Based on research carried out as a Leonardo Pilot project supported by the European Union, a model for the continuing education process is described. The elements of the model and their interaction are discussed. It is important to achieve a joint understanding of engineering professional development and to acknowledge that it is not the university education once more. Part of the modelling is based on interviews with development engineers from the very dynamic mobile communication industry.


This paper presents a method to compare maps that contain pixels that have partial membership to multiple categories, i.e., mixed or soft classified pixels. The method quantifies ranges for associations among categories based upon possible variations in sub-pixel spatial allocation. The paper derives the mathematical equations for constructing the range of associations based on three types of cross-tabulation matrices, the greatest matrix, the random matrix, and the least matrix. We demonstrate how the analysis can be combined with multiple resolution map comparison to specify the resolution at which clusters exist on a single map or between two maps. The method produces a range that reflects the amount of uncertainty in the categorical associations. We illustrate the procedure with both a simple example and data from the Plum Island Ecosystems study site in Massachusetts, USA.


Rakstā tiek apskatīts jautājums par likumības principa izpausmi un saturu civilprocesā. Pētījumā tiek aplūkoti likumības principa procesuālie un materiāli tiesiskie jautājumi.

 In the article, the author examines the matter of the expression and content of the principle of legality in civil procedure, more specifically focusing on the procedural and substantive problems of the principle of legality. Civil procedure is universal as a compulsory form of protection of subjective rights or, in other words, civil procedure is a procedure for compulsory exercise of civil rights, which is reduced to a set of norms that determine the type of actions of both existing legal protection institutions and persons who use this protection or are involved in it in any other way. Legality plays an important role in this regard. Legality means a state of life of the society which, firstly, has a legal framework, which is not logically contradictory and which generally meets the objective needs of this society and, secondly, natural and legal persons respect and follow the legal norms adopted. In civil procedure, this is not only a principle, but also one of the aims of legal proceedings. According to its content, the principle of legality includes, firstly, the requirement that the courts apply the norms of the substantive law correctly and carry out procedural actions in accordance with the legal norms; secondly, the requirement that other participants of the procedure comply with the procedural and substantive legal regulation when adjudicating and considering civil cases in court. Thus, the principle of legality includes procedural and substantive components. The aim of the article is, by analysing the moral-legal content of the principle of legality, to evaluate the aspects of its application. Material and methods used in the study for the empirical basis of the research include scientific works and collections of articles, publications in periodicals and primary sources, laws, internet resources, as well as other publicly available information. Analytical, inductive and deductive research methods have been used in the research.


The conformation of the potent convulsant drug picrotoxinin has been studied by proton n.m.r., X-ray crystallography, molecular orbital calculations and classical calculations. The calculations reveal two alternative low-energy conformations, either of which is consistent with the n.m.r. data, and one of which is also observed crystallographically. The energy difference is sufficiently small to suggest that either conformation may be the biologically active form.


The induction of the sucrose synthase (SuSy) gene (SuSy) by low O2, low temperature, and limiting carbohydrate supply suggested a role in carbohydrate metabolism under stress conditions. The isolation of a maize (Zea mays L.) line mutant for the two known SuSy genes but functionally normal showed that SuSy activity might not be required for aerobic growth and allowed the possibility of investigating its importance during anaerobic stress. As assessed by root elongation after return to air, hypoxic pretreatment improved anoxic tolerance, in correlation with the number of SuSy genes and the level of SuSy expression. Furthermore, root death in double-mutant seedlings during anoxic incubation could be attributed to the impaired utilization of sucrose (Suc). Collectively, these data provide unequivocal evidence that Suc is the principal C source and that SuSy is the main enzyme active in Suc breakdown in roots of maize seedlings deprived of O2. In this situation, SuSy plays a critical role in anoxic tolerance.


There is an extensive literature on the role of the bank lending and credit facilities in Nigeria but most of these literature concentrate on its impact on the gross domestic product. This study focuses on the impact of Nigeria's banking sector on domestic investment from 1980 to 2012 bearing in mind that funding is one of the major challenges of domestic entrepreneurs in Nigeria. A domestic investment model was adopted and the unit root test was first applied to the data set. All the data are stationary and the ordinary least square method was used to identify the impact of capital market activities on domestic investment in Nigeria using the cointegration technique. Findings reveal that bank credit negatively though significantly impacted on domestic investment in the long run while its short run impact is both positive and significant. This is an indication that financial intermediation (captured by bank credit to private sector) is a strong driver of domestic investment in Nigeria only in the short run. The study thus recommends amongst others, the strengthening of Nigeria's banking system with more funds and supervisions as well as the encouragement of both foreign and domestic investments through government's creation of a more conducive political and economic climate.<br>


Composite soils from conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) fields under wheat (Triticum vulgare cultivar Dogu-88) were randomly collected (0-30 cm depth) in triplicate at 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 km distance to evaluate the effects of cement dust on soil basal respiration, microbial populations, enzyme activity and calculated soil quality (SQ) indices. Soil pH, exchangeable Ca and Mg, CaCO3, and alkaline phosphatase (AlkP) showed a significant linear decrease in total organic C (TOC), total C (TC), urease activity (UA), and bacterial populations, and soil biological quality (SBQ) showed a significant linear increase with sampling distance from the cement plant. Total N (TN), available P (AP), basal respiration (BR), acid phosphate (AcdP) activity, dehydrogenase (DH) activity, fungal populations, and SQ showed a quadratic response with sampling distance. Soil pH, CaCO3, TOC effective CEC, SBQ, soil chemical quality (SCQ), and SQ were significantly influenced by increasing distance.


The knowledge of determined attributes of the soil associated to the reply of productivity of the coffee can make the application rational, located and individualized of the farm input, with guaranteed ambient economic results possible. Therefore, this work was aimed at evaluating the spatial variability of soil chemical attributes and the productivity of coffee cropping in an Oxisol. Soil samples were collected in a depth of 0-0.2m, at the crossing points of a regular grid with 25m-intervals, comprising a total of 68 points in an area of 6.2ha. Fruits of four coffee plants around the soil sampling points were collected and the average production per plant was calculated. The variables presented a spatial dependence structure, allowing their mapping by geostatistics techniques. Chemical attributes presented low range values, with exception of the phosphorus and potassium variables, evidencing the low soil continuity spatial under the coffee crop. The wide variation range of chemical attributes shows the necessity of point fertilizer application for coffee cropping.


In many US cities, indoor exposure to heat continues to be the underlying cause of a considerable fraction (up to 80% during extreme events) of heat-related mortality and morbidity, even in locations where most citizens have air conditioning (AC). Nevertheless, the existing literature on indoor exposure to heat often regards AC as a binary variable and assumes that its presence inevitably results in a safe thermal environment. This is also reflected in heat vulnerability assessments that assign a binary attribute to AC. In this study, we used thermal simulation of buildings to investigate overheating in residential buildings in three US cities (Houston, Phoenix, and Los Angeles) and focused on scenarios where an AC system is present; yet not fully functional. Moreover, we identified the role of key building characteristics and investigated the sensitivity of indoor environment to the ambient temperature. Our results show that energy poverty and/or faulty systems can expose a considerable fraction of AC-owning elderly in Phoenix and Houston to excess heat for more than 50% of summer. This highlights the need to reevaluate AC as the primary protective factor against heat and introduces several implications that need to be considered in heat vulnerability assessments.


Background Chronic nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) has been shown to increase the risk of relapse in patients with Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). B cell depletion with Rituximab (RTX) is effective in inducing and maintaining remission in GPA. However B cell depletion and hypogammaglobulinemia during RTX could increase the risk of chronic SA nasal carriage. Objectives To investigate the effect of long-term RTX treatment on chronic SA nasal carriage, the risk of relapses, severe infections and hypogammaglobulinemia in GPA patients. Methods Cohort study with prospectively collected nasal swab data in 29 GPA patients on RTX (median RTX dose of 9 g) treatment for a median period of 49 months. Patients (52% men, median age 50 (19-75) at RTX initiation, 86% PR3-ANCA positive, 3% MPO-ANCA positive and 10% ANCA negative, 66% and 59% with respectively pulmonary and renal involvement) had received a cumulative dose of cyclophosphamide of 17 (0-250) g. Nasal swabs were collected prior and during RTX for a median of 3 and 9 swabs respectively. Persistent SA nasal carriage was defined as the presence of SA in more than 75% of nasal swabs. Results The frequency of persistent SA nasal carriage did not change before (20%) and after RTX (28%) (p=0.562). Persistent SA nasal carriage did not increase the risk of relapses (p=0.646), severe infections (p=0.357) or hypogammaglobulinemia (p=1.00), but reduced the risk of chronic infections (p=0.033) during RTX. Patients without nasal SA carriage during RTX maintenance were at increased risk to discontinue RTX due to hypogammaglobulinemia (p=0.048). They had less lung involvement (p=0.032), more disease activity at baseline (p=0.010), lower CD4 cell count after RTX 2 g (p=0.023) and larger decline of total Ig after RTX 2g (p=0.045) and at last visit (p=0.021). Conclusions Long-term RTX maintenance therapy in GPA patients did not influence SA nasal carriage status. Persistent SA carriage during long-term RTX treatment did not increase the risk of relapses and infections and was associated with a lower risk of developing hypogammaglobulinemia. Our results suggest that long-term RTX treatment is better tolerated in GPA patients with chronic SA nasal carriage. Disclosure of Interest None declared DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.5231


In 16 mongrel dogs bovine xenografts of 4 to 12 cm of length were used for arterial replacement. The grafts were removed after 30 minutes and up to 13 months for electronmicroscopic examination. The graft was shown to be significantly thrombogenic during the first six weeks after implantation. After 8 to 10 weeks an increasing revitalization of the graft is found starting from the ends of the canine artery. A cover of endothelial cells is formed in the graft lumen. The graft wall is enforced by formation of collagen and elastic fibers originating from capillaries and fibroblasts. Revitalization of the graft is limited to a rim of 2 to 3,5 cm next to the anastomoses with the canine artery. The remaining graft segment shows revitalization only on the outside wall. Degenerative changes take place in the inner layer of the graft with time passing.


The intriguing phenomenon by which songs trigger the recall of self-defining moments in one's past is called music-evoked autobiographical memories (MEAMs). This study examines if various types of MEAMs can partially mediate the impact that emotion regulation (reappraisal and suppression) and time perspective (past positive and past negative) can have on mental health (internalizing symptoms and happiness) in youth. To this end, we developed the Music Evoked Memory Orientation Scale (MEMOS), which was specifically designed to assess the phenomenological characteristics of MEAMs. The sample consisted of 397 undergraduate students (Mage = 19.17 years; 80.6% female) that attended a Canadian university. Results revealed that the MEMOS had adequate psychometric qualities in terms of factorial validity, internal consistency, convergent validity, and incremental validity. Most notably, analyses indicated that social sharing of MEAMs mediated the relationships between emotion regulation (reappraisal and suppression) and happiness. However, aspects of MEAMs (self-identification, social sharing, and coherence) did not mediate any relationship between emotion regulation and internalizing symptoms. Also, of particular interest, social sharing of and coherence in MEAMs mediated the relationships between past positive and mental health. However, aspects of MEAMs (self-identification, social sharing, and coherence) did not mediate relationships between past negative and mental health. Interestingly, mediated effects from MEAMs held despite controlling for personality traits (Extraversion and Emotional Stability). In sum, future studies need to examine why only some MEAMs, particularly the social sharing of MEAMs, matter at the intersection of emotion regulation, time perspective, and mental health in youth.


Two virtual link diagrams are homotopic if one may be transformed into the other by a sequence of virtual Reidemeister moves, classical Reidemeister moves, and self crossing changes. We recall the pure virtual braid group. We then describe the set of pure virtual braids that are homotopic to the identity braid.


[1] The seasonal and interannual variabilities of warm pool properties in the Pacific and Indian Ocean sectors are examined and contrasted. The properties examined are the size, mean and maximum sea surface temperatures (SSTs), and central position. The seasonal variability is more vigorous in the Indian Ocean sector, but the interannual variability is comparable in the Pacific and Indian Ocean sectors. The variability is associated with significant longitudinal and latitudinal displacements on seasonal time scales but only with longitudinal displacements on interannual time scales. As for the controlling factors, while the seasonal variability of the warm pool is controlled by the annual march of the Sun in the Pacific sector and by the Indian summer monsoon in the Indian Ocean sector, the interannual variability in both sectors is related mostly to El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). ENSO is closely correlated with the size variations and longitudinal displacements of the warm pool. Interestingly, the warm pool intensity in both sectors is not highly correlated with ENSO until 5 to 6 months after ENSO peaks. The possible causes of this delayed ENSO influence are discussed. Only size and intensity (i.e., mean SST) variations in the Indian Ocean warm pool are significantly correlated with quasi-biennial variability in the Indian monsoon, which indicates that the Indian Ocean warm pool may be a potential predictor for Indian monsoon variations.


This study investigated changes in weight in college freshmen at a small university in the Pacific Northwest. A growing body of literature has investigated the recent phenomenon that college students may be vulnerable to a rapid weight gain that could predispose them to a number of unhealthy consequences. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of any weight gain in college freshman and any factors that might be associated with this finding such as physical activity levels, caloric intake, and the use of healthy campus options available to students. The results indicated that a substantial weight gain was not found, but students tended to, on average, gain more than what was expected for a typical adult given the time frame. Other contributing factors could not be determined from this study. Possible intervention strategies are cited in an effort to improve upon future research in this area.


Background: Childhood tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem in Uganda. Failure to complete TB treatment is associated with development of multi-drug-resistant TB, continued spread of TB, and death. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends treatment success rates of ≥85% to achieve TB control, but children often have lower success rates due to challenges in case identification and treatment adherence. We assessed trends in childhood TB case notification rates, spatial case distribution, treatment outcomes, and predictors of treatment completion at Mbale Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH) in Eastern Uganda.Methods: We reviewed TB registers and extracted data for patients aged 0-14 years with presumptive TB at MRRH for 2013-2017. We determined the childhood TB case notification rate in the MRRH catchment area, performed a TB case notification rate trend analysis and described spatial TB case distribution. We used logistic regression to identify patient-related and hospital-related factors associated with completion of TB treatment at MRRH among HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. Results: We identified 331 TB case notifications among children <15 years. TB case notification rates declined from 6.6/100,000 in 2013 to 2.2/100,000 in 2017 [odds ratio (OR)=0.81; 95% confidence intervals (CI)=0.58-1.1]. Mbale District recorded the highest TB case notification rate (79/100,000), and Kapchorwa District recorded the lowest TB case notification rate (3.8/100,000). Completion rates varied from 35% to 80%. Of the 331 patients, 167 (50%) completed TB treatment. In logistic regression, 142 (75%) of 189 HIV-negative TB patients completed TB treatment compared to 25 (54%) of 46 HIV-positive TB patients (OR=2.5; 95%CI=1.3-4.9). Seventy-four (63%) of 117 patients in the facility-based model and 93 (79%) of patients in the community-based model completed TB treatment (OR=0.47; 95% CI=0.26-0.83).Conclusions: Only half of childhood TB patients completed treatment, well below the WHO target of ≥85% completion. Although TB completion was associated with treatment model and HIV-negative status, neither HIV-positive nor HIV-negative patients had acceptable completion rates. MRRH should strengthen HIV treatment services among childhood TB patients by engaging peer groups and trusted community leaders to provide education on the importance of completing TB treatment.


Nitrogenase activities were determined from maximum acetylene reduction rates for mutant strains of Azotobacter vinelandii which are unable to fix N2 in the presence of molybdenum (Nif-) but undergo phenotypic reversal to Nif+ under conditions of Mo deficiency. The system responsible for N2 fixation under these conditions is thought to be an alternative N2 fixation system (Bishop et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77:7342-7346, 1980). Phenotypic reversal of Nif- strains to Nif+ strains was also observed in N-free medium without Mo but with either V or Re. Two protein patterns were found on two-dimensional gels of proteins from the extracts of wild-type cells cultured in N-free medium without Mo and with or without V or Re. The expression of each protein pattern in the wild-type strain of A. vinelandii seemed to depend upon the physiological state of the N2-fixing culture. Electron paramagnetic resonance experiments were conducted on whole cells of A. vinelandii grown under conditions of Mo deprivation in the absence of fixed N. No g = 3.65 signal (an electron paramagnetic resonance signal characteristic of the Mo-containing component of nitrogenase) was detectable in these cells, regardless of whether V or Re was present during growth of these cells, These results are discussed from the perspective that the well-known effect of V on N2 fixation by A. vinelandii may involve an alternative N2 fixation system.


RoboHelp is the industry standard for Help authoring. It's the preferred program if you are a Help author, technical writer, or programmer tasked with creating Help systems for desktop or Web-based applications. RoboHelp 8 HTML has the letters HTML in its name; therefore, many people think that RoboHelp is a Web Page development tool (much like Adobe Dreamweaver) it is not. Although you could create terrific Web sites using RoboHelp, its primary mission is to let you quickly, and easily, create Help systems. By the time you have completed this action-packed book (many people can finish in two or three days), you will have mastered the essentials skills that will allow you to create a RoboHelp Help system in several output (including WebHelp, FlashHelp, HTML Help and Adobe Air). You will learn how to create master pages, cascading styles sheets, dynamic HTML effects, forms, frames and more. Introduction to RoboHelp Create an Blank Project | Explore the Pods | Explore the Toolbars | Load the Default Environment | Save an Environment | | Retitle and Rename the Project | Edit a Topic | Edit a Topic Headline | Rename and Delete Topics | Create a TOC Book | Add, Delete and Rename TOC Books | Organize a TOC | Add Pages to TOC Books | Generate a Project Adding Content and Creating Project Structure Create a WebHelp Project | Import an HTML File | Import a Word Document | Import a FrameMaker Document | Rename Topic Titles | Create Project Folders | Auto-Create a TOC Topic Formatting Apply a Style Sheet to a Topic | Apply Styles to Selected Paragraphs | Create a New Style Sheet | Create a Font Set | Use Inline StylesUse Spell CheckFind and Replace Text | Link to a Word File | Generate 508 and W3C Compliant WebHelp FlashHelp, Links, PDFs and Popups Generate FlashHelp Output | Create a New Toolbar | Add Commands to a Toolbar | Insert Hyperlinks | Insert Bookmarks | Import a PDF Document | Insert Auto-Sizing Popups | Insert Custom-Sized Popups | Insert a Text-Only Popup | Use Link View | Resolve Broken Links Graphics and Multimedia Add Graphics to a Help Project | Add an Image Margin | Rename an Image | Add a Background Image | Add Hotspots to a Graphic | Add Sound to a Topic | Import and Format Topics | Insert an Adobe Captivate Demo | Create a Screen Capture Build Tags, Variables and Snippets Create Conditional Build Tags | Define a Build Tag Expression | Create a New Table of Contents | Create a Variable | Insert and Edit a Variable | Create a Snippet | Add a Snippet to a Topic Tables and DHTML Insert a Table | Insert a Table Row | Create a Table Style | Add a Horizontal Line | Insert a Symbol | Add a Bulleted List | Format a Heading with a Fade in DHTML Effect | Apply Fly in DHTML Effects | Work With Positioned Text Boxes | Create a Trigger Indexes, Search Terms, Glossaries and Docs Run the Smart Index Wizard | Remove and Add Index Entries | Add Keywords via Topic Properties | Add Subkeywords to the Index | Create a See Also Keyword | Insert a Link Control | Add Custom Search Terms | Add Glossary Terms | Generate a Report | Generate Printed Documentation Forms and Frames Insert a Form | Add Form Radio Buttons | Add HTML Code to a Topic | Add a Form Check Box | Insert a Drop-Down Menu into a Form | Add a Multi-line Text Field to a Form | Add Form Submit and Reset Buttons | Name a Form and Set an Action | Import HTML Files | Create a Frameset | Modify Frameset Attributes | Link Topics into Frameset Regions Skins and Master Pages Create a Custom Skin | Customize the Search Highlight Color | Create a Master Page | Edit a Master Page


1-hydroxypyrene (1-OH-Py) is often taken as a biomarker of human exposure to PAHs, but so far it hasn't been used to PAHs related cancer risk assessment. In this study, 100 non-smoking adults were selected as volunteer subjects. The 24h personal air samples and urine samples of each subject were collected and analyzed. Quantitative relationships between the concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OH-Py) in human urine and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), pyrene (Py) and other 14 kinds of PAHs in inhalation samples were established. The model for predicting lung cancer risk of human inhalation exposure to PAHs by urinary 1-OH-Py was then developed based on the current dose-response relationship model between lung cancer risk mortality and BaP air concentration. Lung cancer risk was about 11×10-5 for general group and 160×10-5 for coke oven workers. If BaP equivalent toxicity of all the 14 PAHs were considered, the lung cancer risk for each group could be 0.5 time higher. Biological exposure limit (BEL) of urinary 1-OH-Py is 0.11μmol/mol creatinine for non-smoking general group and 1.90μmol/mol creatinine for coke oven workers.


Rapid economic development has caused many disturbing problems in many countries. Waste disposal is a prominent one of those problems. Waste incineration has gradually become the most popular treatment method. Waste incineration has many advantages, such as processing capacity, short period, recycling and utilization of resources, etc., but it also produces a lot of incineration bottom slag. Landfilling is one of the methods for waste incineration bottom slag treatment. However, many domestic waste landfill sites no longer accept incineration bottom slag. Therefore, finding sufficient ways to deal with the incineration bottom slag has become an urgent problem. With the increase of environmental pressure and the development of technology, the beneficial use of incineration bottom slag has been gradually considered. Municipal solid waste incineration bottom slag is an atypical particulate material, similar to some construction materials of civil engineering. For a construction material, basic physical properties and engineering properties are important factors in its performance. However, there is limited research about the engineering performance of incineration bottom slag. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the basic physical and mechanical properties of the incineration bottom slag from one incineration plant in Wuhan and provide a theoretical basis for its application in civil engineering. Through laboratory tests, we found that the incineration slag completely meets the engineering requirements and is harmless to the environment. The incineration bottom slag can be used for road embankment filling, sludge dewatering treatment improvement, landfill site covering, it can substitute aggregates in concrete, etc.


The analytic response theory at density functional theory level is applied to investigate one-photon and two-photon absorption properties of a series of recently synthesized pyrene-core derivatives. The theoretical results show that there are a few charge-transfer states for each compound in the lower energy region. The one-photon absorption properties of the five investigated compounds are highly consistent with those given by experimental measurements. The two-photon absorption intensities of the compounds are greatly enhanced with the increments of the molecular sizes, in which the two-photon absorption cross section of the four-branched compound is about 5.6 times of that of the mono-branched molecule. Furthermore, it is shown that the two-photon absorption properties are sensitive to the geometrical arrangements.


Traffic flow has already been improved in the German autobahn network by guidance systems utilizing data collection and calculating forecasts. Some examples of this are the remote-controlled traffic signs in the autobahn network Rhein-Main, the congestion warning system on the Aichelherg, and the lane-controlling system of the Frankfurt-Cologne autobahn. An improvement of the prediction accuracy can be expected if the destinations of the vehicles are known. This is the basic idea of the interactive ALI system (guidance and information system for drivers). After indicating his destination, the driver receives individual information about how to reach the destination in the shortest and easiest way. By knowing the destination, the system can improve its prediction ability. At this time, such a system of approximately 100 km in length is being prepared on an autobahn network in the Ruhr area; it is being financially supported by the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology, the Federal Minister of Transport, and several participating authorities of Northrhein-Westfalia. At 83 cross sections all vehicles will he counted and data will be exchanged with the ALI vehicles. This enables one to receive automatic directional information for 32 autobahn exits. For testing purposes, 400 vehicles will he fitted with ALI units. After considering the current traffic situation, the central computer can arrive at a forecast for this partial stretch of the network. For example, if there is a threat of congestion, the computer can modify its program for directional information in the cross sections, thereby informing ALI vehicles as to traveling time, operating costs of the vehicles, as well as the danger of congestion, and the detour route. Large-scale testing began in mid-1979, accompanied by a series of tests. The effectiveness of the system, an analysis of cost-benefit, and the effect upon driver acceptance will he determined. The evaluation of the large-scale testing will he available by mid-1981. This project is being carried out by Blaupunkt-Werke, the consulting engineers Heusch/Boesefeldt, and the Voikswagenwerke A.G. It is supervised by the Technical Inspection Bureau (TÜV), Rheinland.


Many proteins contain a signal sequence at their COOH-terminus recognized by glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol (GPI) anchor and attached on the membrane. Experimental result suggests that the overall hydrophobi-city of COOH-terminus is more important than precise sequence. We use a machine learning technique, support vector machine, to examine requirement for identifying this signal sequence measured at hydrophobicity scale by computational methodology. Effects of hydrophobicity of the signal sequence at multilevel and different segments of the signal motif proposed by previous works on their identification were investigated. For precisely identifying the signal sequence, we found that 15 residues (a hydrophobic domain) proximity to the COOH-terminus of the signal sequence is necessary. This result is consistent with observations from experimental methodology. Moreover, aside from 15 residues, the segment of 40 residues on COOH-terminus also contributes to its precise identification.


SMP Negeri 1 Medan State is one of an International school. SMP Negeri 1 is already implementing a free-smoke area in 2009. This policy has not been effective, because it is still seen in some rooms there are teachers who smoke. SMP Negeri 1 not set clear limits on the free-smoke area. This school has a place in the specialize to smoke, but the location of the canteen, cooperative and Teacher's room, still seen who teachers smoke. This research is explanatory research survey that aims to explains the influence of knowledge and attitudes about cigarette smoking and of free-smoke area policy against participation in the implementation of free smoke areas in SMP Negeri 1 Medan in 2012.The study population was all students and teachers of SMP Negeri 1 Medan, amounting to 884 people and total sampling is 90 people were taken by purposive sampling. Primary data was collected through interviews, and data analysis with logistic regression test. The results showed that attitudes about smoking and free-smoke area policy has an influence on participation in the implementation of free-smoke areas (p=0,009). It is expected that school leaders to implement of free-smoke area effectively and to all those in the school participated in creating free smoke area in SMP Negeri 1 Medan.


: The aim of this study is to examine the effect of activity-based mathematics teaching on the attitudes of elementary school 4 th graders towards mathematics activities and their beliefs about mathematics. The research is designed according to the quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design. The study group consisted of a total of 50 fourth graders, of which 25 were experimental groups, and 25 control groups. The Attitude Scale for Mathematics Activities and the Belief Scale for mathematics were used as pre-test and post-test tools for data collection. Additionally, the students' views on this application were taken at the end of the application. In the analysis of the obtained data the Mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test were used. Content analysis has been used to evaluate student opinions of the application, and comments of the students were quoted directly. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that students' attitudes towards mathematics activities and their beliefs about mathematics had a significant variation in favor of the experimental group while there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test average scores in favor of the final test while the experimental group's attitudes towards mathematics activities and their beliefs about mathematics. At the end of the study, it is found that the students of the experimental group have a positive opinion on these activities and also that the activities that the students intend to develop on the subject are similar to the studies activities. It is suggested that teaching with activities in which students are active is used more often in classrooms because of the positive impact on students' attitudes to mathematics activities and their beliefs about mathematics.


BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Although pressure-reducing interventions have been effective in the healing of neuropathic foot ulcers, these ulcers frequently recur in people with diabetes mellitus (DM). This case report illustrates how sudden changes in weight-bearing activity may have affected ulcer recurrence in a patient with DM and how the physical stress theory (PST) relates to ulcer recurrence for this patient.

CASE DESCRIPTION
The patient was a 66-year-old man with a history of DM, peripheral neuropathy, and recurrent plantar ulcers. His plantar ulcer healed after total contact casting.

OUTCOME
Despite relatively low peak plantar pressure (9.3 N/cm(2)), the patient's ulcer recurred within 4 weeks of healing. Plantar pressure assessment and activity monitoring suggested that a rapid and sudden increase in weight-bearing activity (steps per day) contributed to cumulative plantar tissue stress that was 3.3 times higher on the day of ulcer recurrence than his average value. Although his cumulative plantar stress was high compared with his usual value, the cumulative value was similar to the amount of daily stress of individuals without a history of recurrent ulcers.

DISCUSSION
Within the context of the PST, rapid change in activity level may have an effect on cumulative stress and the risk of ulcer recurrence.


Potential instability of power amplifiers (PAs) under mismatch effects is analyzed, with emphasis on the ease and generality of application of the stability criteria. The methodology is based on the evaluation of a large-signal version of the μ factor, considering mismatch effects in the fundamental frequency and three relevant sidebands: the baseband, the lower sideband and the upper sideband. This requires an outer-tier scattering-type conversion matrix of order 3 × 3 to be obtained, with the rest of sideband equations acting as an inner tier. It is taken into account that the circuit behaves nonlinearly with respect to the termination at the fundamental frequency. The consideration of three sidebands will enable the prediction of the two major forms of large-signal instability: incommensurable oscillations and frequency divisions by two. The analysis is preceded by an evaluation of the circuit own stability properties (proviso) under open and short circuit terminations at the sidebands, for all possible values of the termination at the fundamental frequency. Three different μ factors can be defined between any two ports of the scattering matrix. The analysis of the relationships between these factors and their continuity properties will allow the derivation of a single number able to characterize the PA potential instability for each fundamental-frequency termination. Results have been exhaustively validated with independent circuit-level simulations based on pole-zero identification and with measurements, using a variable output load and loading the PA with an antenna.


: Seagrass meadows provide greater predator refuge and resource availability than unvegetated habitats and generally improve the survival and growth rates of associated animals. Few studies, however, have examined how these relationships might vary at a region-wide spatial scale. The blue crab ( Callinectes sapidus ) is a commercially important species that uses turtlegrass ( Thalassia testudinum ) habitats, but it is unclear if blue crab use of seagrass habitats varies across the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM), USA. We conducted synoptic predation and growth experiments at six turtlegrass-dominated estuaries in the northern GOM to evaluate the role of seagrass structural complexity on juvenile (9.7–44 mm carapace width) blue crab mortality due to predation and growth. Relationships of blue crab mortality and growth rate with seagrass shoot density, canopy height, temperature, salinity, and seagrass leaf area index were evaluated using linear and generalized linear mixed effects models. Mortality rates due to predation (50 ± 9.6 [mean ± SD] percent crabs eaten, n = 291) showed negative relationships with LAI across the northern GOM. Conversely, mean crab growth rate (0.52 ± 0.32 mm day -1 ) was independent of seagrass shoot density or canopy height. We found that: 1) turtlegrass-dominated beds with a greater seagrass leaf area index provided more effective cover for juvenile blue crabs across the northern GOM, 2) blue crabs across multiple GOM estuaries responded similarly to changes in leaf area index, and 3) blue crab growth varied across the northern GOM and was likely dependent on regional factors unrelated to structural complexity.


Solution processes have been widely used for making polymer films in organic photoelectric devices but suffer from difficulties in controlling the film formation. Here, by in situ characterization triphase contact lines (TCLs) in a brush-coating process, we clarify how TCLs affect the quality of as-prepared films. By fine-tuning the dewetting of a binary polymer solution (P3HT:PCBM) via different directions, TCLs with different patterns lead to films with different morphologies. High-quality nanothin films with larger crystallized sizes and higher orientations were enabled when TCLs were parallel to the brush edge, based on which the polymer solar cell shows higher power conversion efficiency (2.665%) compared with that of the spin-coated film.


My thesis examines the relationship between sexuality and the destruction of images – iconoclasm – in the context of post-Reformation English theatre by analyzing three plays: Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus, Middleton and Rowley's The Changeling, and Aphra Behn's The Rover. I argue that the idea of sexual iconoclasm is not only present in these plays but also contributes to the discussion of the religious and sociopolitical contexts (and perhaps commentary) of these plays and early modern theatre in general. So what exactly is sexual iconoclasm? In short, it describes the destruction of sexual images, and by sexual images I mean 'of sex,' both individual sexuality and any depictions of sexual relationships, be they physically sexual or describing relationships between the male and female sexes. In my analysis of Titus Andronicus, The Changeling , and The Rover, I use sexual iconoclasm as a new theoretical lens that allows us to examine the obsession with and destruction of sexual imagery in the context of larger sociopolitical concerns of a culture.


Mountain ecosystems have shown slow mineralization activity due to weather conditions, and to some groups with arthropods with special roles. The Collembola is an important group for litter fragmentation, showing different distribution patterns. The objective of the present study was to determine the diversity of Collembola along a volcano altitudinal gradient. For this, four sampling expeditions evaluated four altitudinal levels (I = 2 753, II = 3 015, III = 3 250 and IV = 3 687 masl) in Iztaccihuatl Volcano, from November 2003, and March, June and August 2004. Shannon diversity (H'), Pielou evenness (J') and Simpson dominance (1/lambda) indices were calculated. The similarity between the associations of springtails between the sampling sites was evaluated by a cluster analysis using the Pearson correlation coefficient, as distance and the unpaired arithmetic averages (UPGMA) as amalgamation method. A total of 24 075 springtails, distributed in 12 families, 46 genera and 86 species was collected. The higher species abundance was found at the altitudinal area II. The lowest diversity value was recorded in IV, while the higher diversity values were found in III. Significant differences between Shannon indices were found between zones II-III (t(0.01, 187) = 4.11, p < 0.05) and between III-IV (t(0.01, 187) = 3.8, p < 0.05) according to modified t-test. When considering sampling dates, no significant differences were found. The dendrogram showed that in composition the level I is more homogeneous throughout the year. In conclusion, a statistically significant seasonal variation in springtail abundances was not found, but it was observed that, the lower altitude (I) resulted more homogeneous along the studied period, followed by level II and III. There is a particular assemblage of springtails community in each altitudinal area studied; in general, the sites with low slope resulted more diverse in Collembola communities. These results show that there are important factors such as altitude, vegetation type and microhabitat heterogeneity that may affect the distribution of springtails communities along an altitudinal gradient.


Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can be used in many applications. Object tracking is one of the most important applications. There are many researches about tracking individual object but few researches on tracking continuous object. Continuous object affects a large number of nodes so needs more communication and cooperation to track it comparing with individual object. In this paper we propose an energy-efficiency continuous object tracking (ECOT) protocol. In ECOT, a sensor node identify itself whether a boundary node or not via automatically adjusting its sensing range instead of communicating with neighboring nodes since radio communication which consumes much more energy than adjusting sensing range. Furthermore just a subset of boundary nodes will send data back to sink node with a small-size message by a representative node selection mechanism. Finally the sink node can estimate the object's position and shape by locating object mechanism. The analysis and simulation results demonstrate that ECOT outperform than previous work and achieves high fidelity and significantly reduces the amount of communication messages.


Abstract This paper discusses a series of commentaries and lyrical texts by Martin Buber and Ludwig Strauss, which dwell on Hölderlin's poetry and the dialogical ideas implicit therein (e.g. the dialogical vocation of the poet). The paper distinguishes between the dialogical ideal and its concretization in language, as the selected texts all strive to develop a dialogical poetics, yet at the same time engage with textual junctures where the dialogical mode collapses. This collapse is also registered in the historical sphere: Buber's engagement with Heidegger's paradigmatic Hölderlin studies calls for a comparison with Strauss's reception of Hölderlin, and therefore points to an absent dialogue between these two contemporary scholars. This historical lacuna, which Buber may have wished to bridge, thus resonates with ideas on the limits of dialogue in the poetic sphere. The paper draws on further Hölderlin scholars, such as Peter Szondi and Winfried Menninghaus, and their discussion of the lyrical results of failed dialogue, and on the ideas of Franz Rosenzweig and Rabbi Nahman, in the mapping of the dialogical ideas of both Buber and Strauss. Strauss himself thus emerges as a scholar and poet who draws both on Hölderlinian motifs and notions and on dialogical ideas in contemporaneous German-Jewish thought.


Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) affects women both acutely and chronically after vaginal delivery. Current SUI treatments assume the neuromuscular continence mechanism, comprised of the pudendal nerve (PN) and external urethral sphincter (EUS), is either intact or irreparable. This study investigated the ability of neurotrophin therapy to facilitate recovery of the neuromuscular continence mechanism.